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Academic literature on the topic '2D arrays'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "2D arrays"

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Yue, Jian, Anqi Cui, Fei Wang, Lei Han, Jinguo Dai, Xiangyi Sun, Hang Lin, Chunxue Wang, Changming Chen, and Daming Zhang. "Design of Monolithic 2D Optical Phased Arrays Heterogeneously Integrated with On-Chip Laser Arrays Based on SOI Photonic Platform." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122117.

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In this work, heterogeneous integration of both two-dimensional (2D) optical phased arrays (OPAs) and on-chip laser arrays based on a silicon photonic platform is proposed. The tunable multi-quantum-well (MQW) laser arrays, active switching/shifting arrays, and grating antenna arrays are used in the OPA module to realize 2D spatial beam scanning. The 2D OPA chip is composed of four main parts: (1) tunable MQW laser array emitting light signals in the range of 1480–1600 nm wavelengths; (2) electro-optic (EO) switch array for selecting the desired signal light from the on-chip laser array; (3) EO phase-shifter array for holding a fixed phase difference for the uniform amplitude of specific optical signal; and (4) Bragg waveguide grating antenna array for controlling beamforming. By optimizing the overall performances of the 2D OPA chip, a large steering range of 88.4° × 18° is realized by tuning both the phase and the wavelength for each antenna. In contrast to the traditional thermo-optic LIDAR chip with an external light source, the overall footprint of the 2D OPA chip can be limited to 8 mm × 3 mm, and the modulation rate can be 2.5 ps. The ultra-compact 2D OPA assembling with on-chip tunable laser arrays using hybrid integration could result in the application of a high-density, high-speed, and high-precision lidar system in the future.
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Yoon, Hansol, and Tai-Kyong Song. "Sparse Rectangular and Spiral Array Designs for 3D Medical Ultrasound Imaging." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010173.

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In three-dimensional (3D) medical ultrasound imaging with two-dimensional (2D) arrays, sparse 2D arrays have been studied to reduce the number of active channels. Among them, sparse 2D arrays with regular or uniform arrangements of elements have advantages of low side lobe energy and uniform field responses over the entire field of view. This paper presents two uniform sparse array models: sparse rectangular arrays (SRAs) on a rectangular grid and sparse spiral arrays (SSAs) on a sunflower grid. Both arrays can be easily implemented on the commercially available or the custom-made arrays. To suppress the overall grating lobe levels, the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) array pairs of both the array models are designed not to have grating lobes at the same locations in the Tx/Rx beam patterns, for which the theoretical design rules are also proposed. Computer simulation results indicate that the proposed array pairs for both the SRAs and the SSAs achieve peak grating lobe levels below –40 dB using about a quarter of the number of elements in the dense rectangular array while maintaining similar beam widths to that of the dense array pair.
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Doyoro, Yonatan Garkebo, Ping-Yu Chang, and Jordi Mahardika Puntu. "Uncertainty of the 2D Resistivity Survey on the Subsurface Cavities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073143.

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We examined the uncertainty of the two-dimensional (2D) resistivity method using conceptual cavity models. The experimental cavity study was conducted to validate numerical model results. Spatial resolution and sensitivity to resistivity perturbations were also assessed using checkerboard tests. Conceptual models were simulated to generate synthetic resistivity data for dipole-dipole (DD), pole-dipole (PD), Wenner–Schlumberger (WS), and pole-pole (PP) arrays. The synthetically measured resistivity data were inverted to obtain the geoelectric models. The highest anomaly effect (1.46) and variance (24,400 Ω·m) in resistivity data were recovered by the DD array, whereas the PP array obtained the lowest anomaly effect (0.60) and variance (2401 Ω·m) for the shallowest target cavity set at 2.2 m depth. The anomaly effect and variance showed direct dependency on the quality of the inverted models. The DD array provided the highest model resolution that shows relatively distinct anomaly geometries. In contrast, the PD and WS arrays recovered good resolutions, but it is challenging to determine the correct anomaly geometries with them. The PP array reproduced the lowest resolution with less precise anomaly geometries. Moreover, all the tested arrays showed high sensitivity to the resistivity contrasts at shallow depth. The DD and WS arrays displayed the higher sensitivity to the resistivity perturbations compared to the PD and PP arrays. The inverted models showed a reduction in sensitivity, model resolution, and accuracy at deeper depths, creating ambiguity in resistivity model interpretations. Despite these uncertainties, our modeling specified that two-dimensional resistivity imaging is a potential technique to study subsurface cavities. We inferred that the DD array is the most appropriate for cavity surveys. The PD and WS arrays are adequate, while the PP array is the least suitable for cavity studies.
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Wang, Dong, Ran Ji, and Peter Schaaf. "Formation of precise 2D Au particle arrays via thermally induced dewetting on pre-patterned substrates." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 2 (June 22, 2011): 318–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.2.37.

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The fabrication of precise 2D Au nanoparticle arrays over a large area is presented. The technique was based on pre-patterning of the substrate before the deposition of a thin Au film, and the creation of periodic particle arrays by subsequent dewetting induced by annealing. Two types of pre-patterned substrates were used: The first comprised an array of pyramidal pits and the second an array of circular holes. For the dewetting of Au films on the pyramidal pit substrate, the structural curvature-driven diffusion cooperates with capillarity-driven diffusion, resulting in the formation of precise 2D particle arrays for films within a structure dependent thickness-window. For the dewetting of Au films on the circular hole substrate, the periodic discontinuities in the films, induced by the deposition, can limit the diffusion paths and lead to the formation of one particle per individual separated region (holes or mesas between holes), and thus, result in the evolution of precise 2D particle arrays. The influence of the pre-patterned structures and the film thickness is analyzed and discussed. For both types of pre-patterned substrate, the Au film thickness had to be adjusted in a certain thickness-window in order to achieve the precise 2D particle arrays.
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Wang, Haizhen, Lu Li, Jiaqi Ma, Junze Li, and Dehui Li. "2D perovskite narrowband photodetector arrays." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 34 (2021): 11085–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1tc03331j.

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Cassuto, Yuval, and Amin Shokrollahi. "LDPC Codes for 2D Arrays." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 60, no. 6 (June 2014): 3279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2014.2313720.

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Gdor, Efrat, Shay Shemesh, Shlomo Magdassi, and Daniel Mandler. "Multienzyme Inkjet Printed 2D Arrays." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 7, no. 32 (August 7, 2015): 17985–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b04726.

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Rasskazov, Ilia L., Nishikant Sonwalkar, and P. Scott Carney. "Light scattering by plasmonic disks and holes arrays: different or the same?" Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 45 (September 19, 2022): 455104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac8ffc.

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Abstract We suggest a strategy for designing regular 2D arrays of nanoholes (NHs) in metal films with far-field scattering properties similar to that of regular 2D arrays of nanodisks (NDs) with the same periodicity. Full-wave simulations for perfectly conducting, Ag and Au NDs and respectively designed arrays of NHs demonstrate a minor difference between far-field properties either at wavelengths corresponding to Wood–Rayleigh anomalies of the arrays or in a broad wavelength range, depending on the array periodicity and sizes of NDs (NHs). Our results have broad implications in plasmon-enhanced-driven applications, including optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices, where the NH arrays are preferable to be fabricated for nano-structured optics.
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CHANG-HASNAIN, C. J., Y. A. WU, L. E. ENG, and G. S. LI. "VERTICAL CAVITY SURFACE EMITTING LASER ARRAYS FOR WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING APPLICATIONS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 05, no. 04 (December 1994): 569–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156494000231.

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The capability to fabricate two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor diode laser array is one of the most important steps towards making wafer-scale low-cost lasers. The recent emergence of vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) facilitates the fabrication of such large 2D arrays. In this paper, we review the recent progress on a novel largeaperture single-mode VCSEL and a 2D multiple-wavelength VCSEL array for ultra-high bandwidth applications. We demonstrate a passive antiguide region (PAR) VCSEL which emits a stable single mode with very low threshold, a large aperture, and a fixed polarization. We also demonstrate multi-wavelength VCSEL arrays with repeatable wavelength spans over 20 nm, grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The wavelength shift is achieved by varying the GaAs growth rate across the wafer using a patterned backing wafer to induce a temperature profile. Such multiple wavelength laser arrays are promising for ultrahigh bandwidth optical transmission and switching systems using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
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Zhang, Lei, Shiwei Ren, Xiangnan Li, Guishan Ren, and Xiaohua Wang. "Generalized L-Shaped Nested Array Concept Based on the Fourth-Order Difference Co-Array." Sensors 18, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082482.

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In this paper, a generalized L-shaped nested array based on the fourth-order difference co-array is proposed for two-dimensional (2D) directions’ estimation. The new structure framework makes full use of the physical sensor locations to form a virtual uniform rectangular array (URA) as large as possible. As it utilizes the fourth-order difference instead of the traditional second-order difference result, this structure framework can acquire a much higher degree-of-freedom (DOF) than the existing 2D sparse arrays. The proposed structures have two advantages. One is that the subarrays can be chosen as any nested-class arrays, which makes the sparse array design more flexible. We can choose arbitrary subarray structures for DOF enhancement purposes. Another advantage is that the relative position of two subarrays can be set as any integral multiple of half wavelength. This means that two subarrays can be located as far as possible so that the relative influence between two physical subarrays can be ignored. The DOFs of several typical generalized L-shaped nested arrays (GLNAs) are compared in this paper. By setting the subarrays as different types and the relative position as a special value, a special GLNA is presented. Simulations show that GLNAs have obvious superiority in 2D direction-of-arrival estimation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "2D arrays"

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Varum, Tiago Miguel Valente. "Nonuniform 2D microstrip antenna arrays for wireless applications." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17373.

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Doutoramento em Engenharia Electrotécnica
Wireless communications have undergone over the last decades a tremendous progress as a consequence of the exponential growth in demand for mobile devices, and nowadays are more and more involved in people's lives. This presence is re ected through the use of a large number of applications of which they become increasingly dependent on. The antenna, in its most di erent forms, are crucial elements in the establishment this type of communication. Each application involves a number of speci c characteristics, whereby, the improvement of wireless communications is related to the appropriateness of the used antenna. Many applications require antennas with radiation pattern with its particular shapes (in terms of beamwidth, side lobes levels, direction, etc ..), static or dynamic (adaptive antennas), involving in most cases the use antenna arrays to meet to such constraints. In this thesis, a number of techniques to synthesize antennas consisting of planar arrays with nonuniform excitation of their elements, are addressed. A group of the direction of arrival and beamforming estimation algorithms are also presented and analyzed, in order to enable their application in adaptive antenna array with dynamic beamforming. A vast and diversi ed set of arrays with di erent radiation requirements, and for di erent applications were developed. These arrays have great applicability in current research topics in antennas, such as vehicle communications, Wi-Fi in sports venues and smart antennas.
As comunicações sem os têm sofrido, ao longo das ultimas décadas, um enorme progresso em consequência do aumento exponencial da procura de dispositivos móveis, estando hoje em dia cada vez mais presentes na vida das pessoas. Esta presença re ete-se através do uso de um elevado número de aplicações das quais se tornam cada vez mais dependentes. As antenas, nas suas mais diversi cadas formas, são elementos cruciais no estabelecimento deste tipo de comunicações. Cada aplicação envolve um conjunto de características especí cas, pelo que a melhoria das comunica ções sem os está relacionada com a adequação da antena usada. Muitas aplicações necessitam de antenas com diagramas de radiação com formatos próprios (em termos de larguras de feixe, níveis de lobos secund ários, direção, etc..), sejam eles estáticos ou dinâmicos (antenas adaptativas), implicando na maioria dos casos o uso de agregados de antenas para fazer face a tais condições. Nesta tese são abordadas várias técnicas de desenho de antenas constituídas por agregados planares, com alimentação não uniforme dos seus elementos. Um conjunto de algoritmos de estimação dos ângulos de chegada e de formação de feixe são também apresentados e analisados com vista à sua aplicação em agregados de antenas adaptativas, com formação de feixe dinâmico. Um vasto e diversi cado conjunto de agregados com diferentes requisitos de radiação, destinados a diferentes aplicações foram desenvolvidos. Estes agregados têm grande aplicabilidade nos atuais tópicos de investiga ção em antenas, tais como as comunicações veiculares, Wi-Fi em espaços desportivos e smart antenas.
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Dziewierz, Jerzy. "2D ultrasonic phased arrays for quantitative characterisation of complex defects." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26012.

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Ultrasonic inspection can be consideredas one of many ways the technical system - installation or vehicle - can be made economical and safe. Contemporary ultrasonic systems are capable of detecting a wide variety of mechanical defects and flaws that may or may not affect the operation of a given product. Ultrasonic testing techniques are widely accepted for quality control and material testing. Moreover, the technology is proven, well-understood and widely used. Upon detecting a flaw, a decision has to be made to ensure the component is fit for the purpose: is the flaw acceptable or is repair of the given part or its replacement? Here, 2D ultrasonic phased arrays hold promise to quickly deliver detailed, 3D resolved information about the extent and nature of the flaw. This information can then be used to develop and justify the technical and economic decision concerning the existing state of the product. In effect, an opportunity exists for significant cost savings by using ultrasonic 2D phased array systems for defect characterisation. The interest of the work is to establish a process of designing and manufacturing of piezoelectric, 2D phased array ultrasound probes for application in non-destructive evaluation of materials. Furthermore, implementation of practical signal processing method is investigated. In the first part of the work the sensor mechanical and electrical design is addressed. The properties of piezoelectric ceramic composite materials are studied. Detailed numerical models have been used to analyse conditions required for crafting materials of desirable properties. A novel technique has been demonstrated that allows design of well-behaved triangular cut piezoelectric composite. Built into a single array element (of hexagonal shape by taking 6 triangular pillars) this new composite exhibits properties comparable to a reference rectangular composite (sensitivity of 0.60nm/V for hexagonal, 0.62nm/V for square; and inter-element crosstalk of -21.2dB for hexagonal and -21.9dB for square element). This composite then allows building of compact, dense-layout 2D phased array transducers with hexagonal or sparse element layout. The benefits of hexagonal element layout over classic, rectangular layout have been analysed theoretically and showed to be beneficial. Importantly, using hexagonal elements enables increasing the aperture of individual array elements by approximately 10% without the corresponding drop in acceptance angle. This in turn allows a commensurable rise in the sensitivity of the sensor or alternatively, reduction in array element count for a given overall array aperture by over 20% without the corresponding drop in the image quality measurements/levels. In the second part of the work, the problem of high output impedance of the miniature ultrasonic sensor is addressed by means of an in-probe miniature signal conditioning circuit. This improved the response amplitude of the element by 36dB and shortened its impulse response by a factor of 1.6. The novelty and practical benefit in this case lies in the fact that no high power components are needed in the probe body. In the third part of this work, an emerging General-Purpose Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU) computer architecture is considered for the opportunities it offers to rethink the implementation of algorithms typically used in ultrasonic signal processing. Single-way beamforming, and two-way TFM and PCF beamforming have been developed for execution on the new platform, and show increase in performance of over 930 times compared to CPU processor. This software platform has been further enhanced by a new approach to solving the refracted ray Time of Flight problem in a way that is particularly well suited for this architecture. This resulted in a further increase of performance, i.e. 56x over the best published result found in the literature. The unprecedented performance and low cost of this new approach enables industrial deployment of advanced beamforming methods, as well as building of practical CAD tools for engineering and education.
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Diarra, Bakary. "Study and optimization of 2D matrix arrays for 3D ultrasound imaging." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10165/document.

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L’imagerie échographique en trois dimensions (3D) est une modalité d’imagerie médicale en plein développement. En plus de ses nombreux avantages (faible cout, absence de rayonnement ionisant, portabilité) elle permet de représenter les structures anatomiques dansleur forme réelle qui est toujours 3D. Les sondes à balayage mécaniques, relativement lentes, tendent à être remplacées par des sondes bidimensionnelles ou matricielles qui sont unprolongement dans les deux directions, latérale et azimutale, de la sonde classique 1D. Cetagencement 2D permet un dépointage du faisceau ultrasonore et donc un balayage 3D del’espace. Habituellement, les éléments piézoélectriques d’une sonde 2D sont alignés sur unegrille et régulièrement espacés d’une distance (en anglais le « pitch ») soumise à la loi del’échantillonnage spatial (distance inter-élément inférieure à la demi-longueur d’onde) pour limiter l’impact des lobes de réseau. Cette contrainte physique conduit à une multitude d’éléments de petite taille. L’équivalent en 2D d’une sonde 1D de 128 éléments contient128x128=16 384 éléments. La connexion d’un nombre d’éléments aussi élevé constitue unvéritable défi technique puisque le nombre de canaux dans un échographe actuel n’excède querarement les 256. Les solutions proposées pour contrôler ce type de sonde mettent en oeuvredu multiplexage ou des techniques de réduction du nombre d’éléments, généralement baséessur une sélection aléatoire de ces éléments (« sparse array »). Ces méthodes souffrent dufaible rapport signal à bruit du à la perte d’énergie qui leur est inhérente. Pour limiter cespertes de performances, l’optimisation reste la solution la plus adaptée. La première contribution de cette thèse est une extension du « sparse array » combinéeavec une méthode d’optimisation basée sur l’algorithme de recuit simulé. Cette optimisation permet de réduire le nombre nécessaire d’éléments à connecter en fonction des caractéristiques attendues du faisceau ultrasonore et de limiter la perte d’énergie comparée à la sonde complète de base. La deuxième contribution est une approche complètement nouvelle consistant à adopter un positionnement hors grille des éléments de la sonde matricielle permettant de supprimer les lobes de réseau et de s’affranchir de la condition d’échantillonnage spatial. Cette nouvelles tratégie permet d’utiliser des éléments de taille plus grande conduisant ainsi à un nombre d’éléments nécessaires beaucoup plus faible pour une même surface de sonde. La surface active de la sonde est maximisée, ce qui se traduit par une énergie plus importante et donc unemeilleure sensibilité. Elle permet également de balayer un angle de vue plus important, leslobes de réseau étant très faibles par rapport au lobe principal. Le choix aléatoire de la position des éléments et de leur apodization (ou pondération) reste optimisé par le recuit simulé.Les méthodes proposées sont systématiquement comparées avec la sonde complète dansle cadre de simulations numériques dans des conditions réalistes. Ces simulations démontrent un réel potentiel pour l’imagerie 3D des techniques développées. Une sonde 2D de 8x24=192 éléments a été construite par Vermon (Vermon SA, ToursFrance) pour tester les méthodes de sélection des éléments développées dans un cadreexpérimental. La comparaison entre les simulations et les résultats expérimentaux permettentde valider les méthodes proposées et de prouver leur faisabilité
3D Ultrasound imaging is a fast-growing medical imaging modality. In addition to its numerous advantages (low cost, non-ionizing beam, portability) it allows to represent the anatomical structures in their natural form that is always three-dimensional. The relativelyslow mechanical scanning probes tend to be replaced by two-dimensional matrix arrays that are an extension in both lateral and elevation directions of the conventional 1D probe. This2D positioning of the elements allows the ultrasonic beam steering in the whole space. Usually, the piezoelectric elements of a 2D array probe are aligned on a regular grid and spaced out of a distance (the pitch) subject to the space sampling law (inter-element distancemust be shorter than a mid-wavelength) to limit the impact of grating lobes. This physical constraint leads to a multitude of small elements. The equivalent in 2D of a 1D probe of 128elements contains 128x128 = 16,384 elements. Connecting such a high number of elements is a real technical challenge as the number of channels in current ultrasound scanners rarely exceeds 256. The proposed solutions to control this type of probe implement multiplexing or elements number reduction techniques, generally using random selection approaches (« spars earray »). These methods suffer from low signal to noise ratio due to the energy loss linked to the small number of active elements. In order to limit the loss of performance, optimization remains the best solution. The first contribution of this thesis is an extension of the « sparse array » technique combined with an optimization method based on the simulated annealing algorithm. The proposed optimization reduces the required active element number according to the expected characteristics of the ultrasound beam and permits limiting the energy loss compared to the initial dense array probe.The second contribution is a completely new approach adopting a non-grid positioningof the elements to remove the grating lobes and to overstep the spatial sampling constraint. This new strategy allows the use of larger elements leading to a small number of necessaryelements for the same probe surface. The active surface of the array is maximized, whichresults in a greater output energy and thus a higher sensitivity. It also allows a greater scansector as the grating lobes are very small relative to the main lobe. The random choice of the position of the elements and their apodization (or weighting coefficient) is optimized by the simulated annealing.The proposed methods are systematically compared to the dense array by performing simulations under realistic conditions. These simulations show a real potential of the developed techniques for 3D imaging.A 2D probe of 8x24 = 192 elements was manufactured by Vermon (Vermon SA, Tours,France) to test the proposed methods in an experimental setting. The comparison between simulation and experimental results validate the proposed methods and prove their feasibility
L'ecografia 3D è una modalità di imaging medicale in rapida crescita. Oltre ai vantaggiin termini di prezzo basso, fascio non ionizzante, portabilità, essa permette di rappresentare le strutture anatomiche nella loro forma naturale, che è sempre tridimensionale. Le sonde ascansione meccanica, relativamente lente, tendono ad essere sostituite da quelle bidimensionali che sono una estensione in entrambe le direzioni laterale ed azimutale dellasonda convenzionale 1D. Questo posizionamento 2D degli elementi permette l'orientamentodel fascio ultrasonico in tutto lo spazio. Solitamente, gli elementi piezoelettrici di una sondamatriciale 2D sono allineati su una griglia regolare e separati da una distanza (detta “pitch”) sottoposta alla legge del campionamento spaziale (la distanza inter-elemento deve esseremeno della metà della lunghezza d'onda) per limitare l'impatto dei lobi di rete. Questo vincolo fisico porta ad una moltitudine di piccoli elementi. L'equivalente di una sonda 1D di128 elementi contiene 128x128 = 16.384 elementi in 2D. Il collegamento di un così grandenumero di elementi è una vera sfida tecnica, considerando che il numero di canali negliecografi attuali supera raramente 256. Le soluzioni proposte per controllare questo tipo disonda implementano le tecniche di multiplazione o la riduzione del numero di elementi, utilizzando un metodo di selezione casuale (« sparse array »). Questi metodi soffrono di unbasso rapporto segnale-rumore dovuto alla perdita di energia. Per limitare la perdita di prestazioni, l’ottimizzazione rimane la soluzione migliore. Il primo contributo di questa tesi è un’estensione del metodo dello « sparse array » combinato con un metodo di ottimizzazione basato sull'algoritmo del simulated annealing. Questa ottimizzazione riduce il numero degli elementi attivi richiesto secondo le caratteristiche attese del fascio di ultrasuoni e permette di limitare la perdita di energia.Il secondo contributo è un approccio completamente nuovo, che propone di adottare un posizionamento fuori-griglia degli elementi per rimuovere i lobi secondari e per scavalcare il vincolo del campionamento spaziale. Questa nuova strategia permette l'uso di elementi piùgrandi, riducendo così il numero di elementi necessari per la stessa superficie della sonda. La superficie attiva della sonda è massimizzata, questo si traduce in una maggiore energia equindi una maggiore sensibilità. Questo permette inoltre la scansione di un più grande settore,in quanto i lobi secondari sono molto piccoli rispetto al lobo principale. La scelta casualedella posizione degli elementi e la loro apodizzazione viene ottimizzata dal simulate dannealing. I metodi proposti sono stati sistematicamente confrontati con la sonda completaeseguendo simulazioni in condizioni realistiche. Le simulazioni mostrano un reale potenzialedelle tecniche sviluppate per l'imaging 3D.Una sonda 2D di 8x24 = 192 elementi è stata fabbricata da Vermon (Vermon SA, ToursFrance) per testare i metodi proposti in un ambiente sperimentale. Il confronto tra lesimulazioni e i risultati sperimentali ha permesso di convalidare i metodi proposti edimostrare la loro fattibilità
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Labuhn, Henning. "Rydberg excitation dynamics and correlations in arbitrary 2D arrays of single atoms." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLO002/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous mesurons la dynamique cohérente et les corrélations spatiales des excitations Rydberg dans des matrices 2D d’atomes uniques.Nous utilisons un modulateur spatial de lumière pour façonner la phase spatiale d'un faisceau laser de piégeage optique avant de le focaliser avec une lentille asphérique de grande ouverture numérique. En imprimant une phase appropriée sur le faisceau laser, nous pouvons créer des matrices 2D de pièges optiques, de forme arbitraire et facilement reconfigurables, avec jusqu'à 100 pièges séparées de quelques micromètres. Les pièges sont chargés à partir d'un nuage d'atomes froids de 87Rb, et due aux collisions assistées par la lumière, au plus un seul atome peut être présent dans chaque piège en même temps. Une caméra CCD sensible permet en temps réel l'imagerie de la fluorescence atomique émanant des pièges, ce qui nous permet de détecter individuellement la présence d'un atome dans chaque piège avec une précision presque parfaite.Pour créer des interactions importantes entre les atomes uniques, nous les excitons vers des états de Rydberg, qui sont des états électroniques avec un nombre quantique principal élevé.Un faisceau supplémentaire d'adressage permet la manipulation individuelle d'un atome sélectionné dans la matrice.La connaissance précise, de la fois de la matrice des atomes préparé et des positions des excitations Rydberg, nous a permis de mesurer l’augmentation collective de la couplage optique dans le régime de blocage Rydberg, où une seule excitation est partagée de façon symétrique entre tous les atomes de la matrice.Dans le régime où l'interaction ne s’étend que sur quelques sites, nous avons mesuré la dynamique et les corrélations spatiales des excitations Rydberg, dans des matrices d’atomes à une et deux dimensions. La comparaison à une simulation numérique d'un modèle d'Ising quantique d'un système de spin-1/2 montre un accord exceptionnel pour les matrices où l'effet de l'anisotropie de l’interaction Rydberg-Rydberg est faible. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que les atomes Rydberg uniques sont une plate-forme bien adaptée pour la simulation quantique des systèmes de spin
In this thesis, we measure the coherent dynamics and the pair correlations of Rydberg excitations in two-dimensional arrays of single atoms.We use a spatial light modulator to shape the spatial phase of a single optical dipole trap beam before focusing it with a high numerical-aperture aspheric lens. By imprinting an appropriate phase pattern on the trap beam, we can create arbitrarily shaped and easily reconfigurable 2D arrays of high-quality single-atom traps, with trap-spacings of a few micrometers for up to 100 traps. The traps are loaded from a cloud of cold 87Rb atoms, and due to fast light-assisted collisions of atoms inside the traps, at most one atom can be present in each trap at the same time. A sensitive CCD camera allows the real-time, site-resolved imaging of the atomic fluorescence from the traps, enabling us to detect the presence of an atom in each individual trap with almost perfect accuracy.In order to induce strong, tunable interactions between the atoms in the array, we coherently laser-excite them to Rydberg states, which are electronic states with a high principal quantum number.An additional addressing beam allows the individual manipulation of an atom at a selected site in the array.The precise knowledge of both the prepared atom array and the positions of the Rydberg excitations allowed us to measure the collective enhancement of the optical coupling strength in the regime of full Rydberg blockade, where one single excitation is shared symmetrically among all atoms in the array.In the regime where the strong interaction only extends over a few sites, we measured the dynamics and the spatial pair-correlations of Rydberg excitations, in one- and two-dimensional atom arrays. The comparison to a numerical simulation of a quantum Ising model of a spin-1/2 system shows an exceptional agreement for trap geometries where the effect of the anisotropy of the Rydberg-Rydberg interaction is small. The obtained results demonstrate that single Rydberg atoms are a suitable platform for the quantum simulation of spin systems
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Ko, Hyunhyub. "Design of hybrid 2D and 3D nanostructured arrays for electronic and sensing applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22606.

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This dissertation presents the design of organic/inorganic hybrid 2D and 3D nanostructured arrays via controlled assembly of nanoscale building blocks. Two representative nanoscale building blocks such as carbon nanotubes (one-dimension) and metal nanoparticles (zero-dimension) are the core materials for the study of solution-based assembly of nanostructured arrays. The electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of the assembled nanostructure arrays have been investigated for future device applications. We successfully demonstrated the prospective use of assembled nanostructure arrays for electronic and sensing applications by designing flexible carbon nanotube nanomembranes as mechanical sensors, highly-oriented carbon nanotubes arrays for thin-film transistors, and gold nanoparticle arrays for SERS chemical sensors. In first section, we fabricated highly ordered carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays by tilted drop-casting or dip-coating of CNT solution on silicon substrates functionalized with micropatterned self-assembled monolayers. We further exploited the electronic performance of thin-film transistors based on highly-oriented, densely packed CNT micropatterns and showed that the carrier mobility is largely improved compared to randomly oriented CNTs. The prospective use of Raman-active CNTs for potential mechanical sensors has been investigated by studying the mechano-optical properties of flexible carbon nanotube nanomembranes, which contain freely-suspended carbon nanotube array encapsulated into ultrathin (<50 nm) layer-by-layer (LbL) polymer multilayers. In second section, we fabricated 3D nano-canal arrays of porous alumina membranes decorated with gold nanoparticles for prospective SERS sensors. We showed extraordinary SERS enhancement and suggested that the high performance is associated with the combined effects of Raman-active hot spots of nanoparticle aggregates and the optical waveguide properties of nano-canals. We demonstrated the ability of this SERS substrate for trace level sensing of nitroaromatic explosives by detecting down to 100 zeptogram (~330 molecules) of DNT.
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Longo, Danilo. "Engineering topological states in arrays of magnetic molecules in interaction with a 2D superconductor." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS224.

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Des études récentes ont prédit que l'interaction entre un supraconducteur 2D et du magnétisme local pourrait induire une supraconductivité topologique accompagnée d'états de bord de type Majorana. Pour relever ce défi, nous avons étudié un système basé sur l’interaction entre des auto-assemblages d’aimants moléculaires, tels que les phtalocyanines de manganèse (MnPcs), sur des films minces de plomb (1 et 3 monocouches) épitaxiés sur des surfaces de Si(111) qui montrent une supraconductivité 2D. Nos expériences de Microscopie à effet tunnel (STM) ont révélé que l'adsorption d’une petite quantité de MnPcs sur la monocouche de Pb est accompagnée d’un très faible transfert de charge qui induit une transition de phase structurale macroscopique de la surface elle-même. Les expériences de Spectroscopie à effet tunnel (STS) à 300 mK sur des îlots tricouches de Pb/Si(111) ont montré la présence d'effets non triviaux responsables de la fluctuation spatiale de l’amplitude des pics de cohérence sur des longueurs bien inférieures à la longueur de cohérence supraconductrice. De plus, contrairement à ce qui a été montré sur des monocristaux de plomb, les expériences STS suggèrent que les MnPcs isolées sur des îlots tricouches de plomb se trouvent toujours dans un régime d'interaction faible avec le substrat. L’ensemble de nos résultats, ainsi que l’observation d’une signature spectroscopique localisée sur le bord d’un domaine auto-organisé de MnPcs ouvrent la voie à de futures études sur l’ingénierie des phases topologiques supraconductrices
Recent studies predicted that the interaction between a 2D superconductor and local magnetism could induce topological superconductivity accompanied by Majorana edge states. To address this challenge, we have studied a system based on the interaction between self-assemblies of molecular magnets, i.e. manganese phthalocyanines (MnPcs), and thin films of lead (1 and 3 monolayers) grown on Si(111) surfaces that show 2D superconductivity.Our Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) experiments revealed that, adsorption of a tiny amount of MnPcs on a Pb monolayer is accompanied by a very small charge transfer inducing a macroscopic structural phase transition of the surface itself. Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) experiments at 300mK on 3 monolayers thick islands of Pb/Si(111) showed the presence of non-trivial effects responsible for the spatial fluctuation of the coherence peaks amplitude on a length scale much smaller than the superconducting coherence length. Furthermore, contrary to what shown on bulk Pb substrates, STS experiments strongly suggest that isolated MnPcs are always found in a weak interaction regime with the 3 monolayers thick Pb islands. Our results together with the observation of an in-gap spectroscopic feature located at the edge of a self-assembled 2D domain of MnPcs pave the route to future studies for the engineering of superconducting topological phases
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Beyer, Griffin Joseph. "Large Area 2D Electronic Molecular Sensor Arrays via Photonic Annealing of Amorphous Sputtered Mos2." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1582624657416084.

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Afridi, Muhammad Zeeshan, Muhammad Umer, and Daniyal Razi. "Design and simulation of beam steering for 1D and 2D phased antenna arrays using ADS." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, fysik och matematik, DFM, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-22566.

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Phased arrays eliminate the problems of mechanical steering by using fast and reliable electronic components for steering the main beam. Modeling and simulation of beam steering for 1D and 2D arrays is the aspect that is considered in this thesis. A 1D array with 4 elements and a 2D array with 16 elements are studied in the X-band (8-12 GHz). The RF front-end of a phased array radar is modeled by means of ADS Momentum (Advanced design system).
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Ullal, Chaitanya K. (Chaitanya Kishore). "2D and 3D periodic templates through holographic interference lithography : photonic and phononic crystals and biomimetic microlens arrays." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33404.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 121-133).
In this thesis a simple technique for controlling structure via holographic interference lithography was established and implemented. Access to various space groups including such important structures as the level set approximations to the Diamond, the Schwartz P structure, the FCC, and the non centrosymmetric Gyroid structures were demonstrated. The ability to make 3D structures over a large area, with low defect densities and periodicities on the sub/i scale opens a whole range of opportunities including such diverse areas as photonic crystals, phononic crystals, drug delivery, microtrusses, tissue scaffolds, microfluidics and colloidal crystallization. A correlation between structure and photonic band gap properties was established by systematically exploring the 11 FCC space groups. This resulted in a technique to search for photonic band gap structures. It was found that a fundamental connectivity caused by simple Fourier elements tended to support gaps. 2-3, 5-6 and 8-9 gaps were opened in the f.c.c lattices. The F-RD and 216 structures were newly shown to have complete band gaps. Two of the three previously established champion photonic crystal structures, viz. the Diamond and the Gyroid presented practical fabrication challenges, approximations to these structures were proposed.
(cont.) A scalable P structure and the 3-FCC structure were fabricated by single and multiple exposure techniques. Both negative and positive tone photoresist systems were demonstrated. Line defects were written into the negative tone system using two-photon lithography. The single crystalline, porous nature of the structures was exploited to examine the possibility for their use as hypersonic phononic crystals and microfluidic microlenses. Two dimensional single crystalline patterns were created using interference lithography. Their phononic band structure was probed by Brillioun light scattering to yield a phononic band diagram, which clearly demonstrates the effect of periodicity on the phononic density of states. The ability to control the density of states at these length scales holds the potential for control over thermal properties. The two dimensional structures fabricated in negative photoresist were also tested as microlenses with the integrated pores acting as microfluidic channels. This combination resulted in a structure reminiscent to that of the biological species ophiocoma wendtii.
by Chaitanya K. Ullal.
Ph.D.
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Roux, Emmanuel. "2D sparse array optimization and operating strategy for real-time 3D ultrasound imaging." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1255/document.

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Aujourd'hui l'utilisation de l'échographie 3D en cardiologie est limitée car l'imagerie de la totalité du myocarde sur un cycle cardiaque, sans apnée, reste un défi technologique. Une solution consiste à réduire le nombre de capteurs dans les sondes échographiques matricielles afin d'alléger le procédé d'acquisition: ces sondes sont dites parcimonieuses. Le but de cette thèse est de proposer les meilleures dispositions d'un nombre réduit de capteurs piézo-électriques répartis sur la surface active de la sonde afin d'optimiser leur capacité à produire des images homogènes en termes de contraste et résolution dans tout le volume d'intérêt. Ce travail présente l'intégration de simulations acoustiques réalistes élaborées au sein d'un processus d'optimisation stochastique (algorithme de recuit simulé). La structure proposée pour le design des sondes parcimonieuse est suffisamment générale pour être appliquée aux sondes régulières (éléments actifs disposés selon une grille) et non-régulières (positionnement arbitraire des éléments actifs). L'introduction d'une fonction d'énergie innovante permet de sculpter en 3D le diagramme optimal de rayonnement de la sonde. Les résultats de sondes optimisées obtenues possèdent 128, 192 ou 256 éléments pour favoriser leur compatibilité avec les échographes commercialisés à ce jour, ce qui permettrait de déployer l'échographie 3D à moindre coût et à très large échelle
Today, the use of 3D ultrasound imaging in cardiology is limited because imaging the entire myocardium on a single heartbeat, without apnea, remains a technological challenge. A solution consists in reducing the number of active elements in the 2D ultrasound probes to lighten the acquisition process: this approach leads to sparse arrays. The aim of this thesis is to propose the best configuration of a given number of active elements distributed on the probe active surface in order to maximize their ability to produce images with homogeneous contrast and resolution over the entire volume of interest. This work presents the integration of realistic acoustic simulations performed in a stochastic optimization process (simulated annealing algorithm). The proposed sparse array design framework is general enough to be applied on both on-grid (active elements located on a regular grid) and non-grid (arbitrary positioning of the active elements) arrays. The introduction of an innovative energy function sculpts the optimal 3D beam pattern radiated by the array. The obtained optimized results have 128, 192 or 256 active elements to help their compatibility with currently commercialized ultrasound scanners, potentially allowing a large scale development of 3D ultrasound imaging with low cost systems
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Books on the topic "2D arrays"

1

Michael, Greenstein, and Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, eds. A 2.5 MHz 2D array with Z-axis backing. Palo Alto, CA: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Technical Publications Department, 1996.

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Michael, Greenstein, and Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, eds. A 2.5 MHz 2D array with z-axis electrically conductive backing. Palo Alto, CA: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Technical Publications Department, 1996.

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Lane, Christopher. The Development of a 2D Ultrasonic Array Inspection for Single Crystal Turbine Blades. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02517-9.

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United States. Supreme Court. United States Supreme Court reports: Citator service, corrections : Supplement to 1-31 L Ed 2d. Edited by LEXIS Law Publishing. 2nd ed. Charlottesville, VA: LEXIS Law Pub., 1999.

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Sergeenkov, Sergei. 2D arrays of Josephson nanocontacts and nanogranular superconductors. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.21.

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This article examines many novel effects related to the magnetic, electric, elastic and transport properties of Josephson nanocontacts and nanogranular superconductors using a realistic model of two-dimensional Josephson junction arrays. The arrays were created by a 2D network of twin-boundary dislocations with strain fields acting as an insulating barrier between hole-rich domains in underdoped crystals. The article first describes a model of nanoscopic Josephson junction arrays before discussing some interesting phenomena, including chemomagnetism and magnetoelectricity, electric analog of the ‘fishtail‘ anomaly and field-tuned weakening of the chemically induced Coulomb blockade, a giant enhancement of the non-linear thermal conductivity in 2D arrays, and thermal expansion of a singleJosephson contact.
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Westgate, Christopher. How to Determine the Laser-Induced Damage Threshold of 2D Imaging Arrays. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.2523509.

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Lin, Nian, and Sebastian Stepanow. Designing low-dimensional nanostructures at surfaces by supramolecular chemistry. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.013.10.

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This article describes the use of supramolecular chemistry to design low-dimensional nanostructures at surfaces. In particular, it discusses the design strategies of two types of low-dimensional supramolecular nanostructures: structures stabilized by hydrogen bonds and structures stabilized by metal-ligand co-ordination interactions. After providing an overview of hydrogen-bond systems such as 0D discrete clusters, 1D chains, and 2D open networks and close-packed arrays, the article considers metal-co-ordination systems. It also presents experimental results showing that both hydrogen bonds and metal co-ordination offer protocols to achieve unique nanostructured systems on 2D surfaces or interfaces. Noting that the conventional 3D supramolecular self-assembly has generated a vast number of nanostructures revealing high complexity and functionality, the article suggests that 2D approaches can be applied to substrates with different symmetries as well as physical and chemical properties.
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Kong, X. Y., Y. C. Wang, X. F. Fan, G. F. Guo, and L. M. Tong. Free-standing grid-like nanostructures assembled into 3D open architectures for photovoltaic devices. Edited by A. V. Narlikar and Y. Y. Fu. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533060.013.22.

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This article describes three-dimensional open architectures with free-standing grid-like nanostructure arrays as photocatalytic electrodes for a new type of dye-sensitized solar cell. It introduces a novel technique for fabricating a series of semiconducting oxides with grid-like nanostructures replicated from the biotemplates. These semiconducting oxides, including n-type titanium dioxide or p-type nickel oxide nanogrids, were sensitized with the dye molecules, then assembled into 3D stacked-grid arrays on a flexible substrate by means of the Langmuir–Blodgett method or the ink-jet printing technique for the photocatalytic electrodes. The article first considers the fabrication of photoelectrodes with 2D grid-like nanostructures by means of the biotemplating approach before discussing the assembly and photophysicsof grid-like nanostructures into 3D open architectures for the photocatalytic electrodes.
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Lane, Christopher. Development of a 2D Ultrasonic Array Inspection for Single Crystal Turbine Blades. Springer, 2013.

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Lane, Christopher. The Development of a 2D Ultrasonic Array Inspection for Single Crystal Turbine Blades. Springer, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "2D arrays"

1

Rogalski, Antoni. "Focal Plane Arrays." In 2D Materials for Infrared and Terahertz Detectors, 69–120. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. |: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003043751-4.

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Winkler, Hanspeter, Shenping Wu, and Kenneth A. Taylor. "Electron Tomography of Paracrystalline 2D Arrays." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 427–60. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-176-9_23.

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Umeo, Hiroshi. "FSSP Algorithms for 2D Rectangular Arrays. Recent Developments." In Reversibility and Universality, 5–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73216-9_2.

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Lane, Christopher. "Crystallographic Orientation Using Ultrasonic Arrays." In The Development of a 2D Ultrasonic Array Inspection for Single Crystal Turbine Blades, 63–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02517-9_4.

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Lane, Christopher. "Imaging Anisotropic Components with Ultrasonic Arrays." In The Development of a 2D Ultrasonic Array Inspection for Single Crystal Turbine Blades, 41–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02517-9_3.

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Gagie, Travis, Meng He, J. Ian Munro, and Patrick K. Nicholson. "Finding Frequent Elements in Compressed 2D Arrays and Strings." In String Processing and Information Retrieval, 295–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24583-1_29.

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Shea, Queenie T. K., Patrick Y. M. Yip, and Yong Ping Zheng. "Development of Flexible 2D Ultrasound Arrays for Scoliosis Assessment." In IFMBE Proceedings, 256–58. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0266-3_53.

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Masilamani, V., Kamala Krithivasan, K. G. Subramanian, and Ang Miin Huey. "Efficient Algorithms for Reconstruction of 2D-Arrays from Extended Parikh Images." In Advances in Visual Computing, 1137–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89646-3_113.

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Pätzold, A., I. Peltzer, W. Nitsche, D. Haller, and P. Woias. "Investigation on Actuator Arrays for Active Wave Control on a 2D Airfoil." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 265–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14243-7_33.

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Guangzhao, Xu, Jiang Ping, and Xu Zhizhong. "A Preliminary Study of Energy Bands of 2D Periodic Quantum Dot Arrays." In Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, 697–702. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_94.

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Conference papers on the topic "2D arrays"

1

Bakker, Reuben, Alexandra Boltasseva, Zhengton Liu, Samuel Gresillon, Rasmus Pedersen, Alexander V. Kildishev, Vladimir P. Drachev, and Vladimir M. Shalaev. "Optical 2D Nanoantennae Arrays." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2007.fwu6.

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Kaydashev, Vladimir, Boris Khlebtsov, Andrey Miakonkikh, Sergey Zhukov, Elena Zhukova, and Dmitry Svintsov. "Excitation of localized graphene plasmons by using non-periodical self-assembled arrays of metallic antennas." In PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON GRAPHENE, 2D MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS (2D MATERIALS 2019). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0055273.

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Han, Kevin, Geun Ho Ahn, Joy Cho, Seth Fortuna, George Zhang, Ali Javey, and Ming C. Wu. "Enhanced electroluminescence from WSe2 monolayers coupled to gold antenna arrays (Conference Presentation)." In 2D Photonic Materials and Devices III, edited by Arka Majumdar, Carlos M. Torres, and Hui Deng. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2543083.

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Zhou, Weidong. "Large-area WS2 photonic crystal laser arrays and scaling challenges towards attojoule operations." In 2D Photonic Materials and Devices V, edited by Arka Majumdar, Carlos M. Torres, and Hui Deng. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2614645.

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Hammer, Sebastian, Hans-Moritz Mangold, Ariana E. Nguyen, Hubert J. Krenner, Dominic Martinez-Ta, Ludwig Bartels, and Sahar Naghibi Alvillar. "Recent progress on the scalable fabrication of hybrid polymer/SiO2 nanophotonic cavity arrays with an encapsulated MoS2 film." In 2D Photonic Materials and Devices, edited by Arka Majumdar, Xiaodong Xu, and Joshua R. Hendrickson. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2287126.

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Liau, Z. L., J. N. Walpole, and V. Diadiuk. "Monolithic Two-Dimensional GalnAsP/InP Laser and Lenslet Arrays*." In Integrated and Guided Wave Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/igwo.1988.wa1.

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Recent development of low-threshold surface-emitting diode lasers offers new possibilities for optoelectronic integration, on-wafer testing and monolithic two-dimensional (2D) laser arrays(1-9). The 2D arrays have the potential of very large number of integrated lasers and can possibly be coherently phase-locked to form a single high-power laser with high efficiency and narrow, symmetric beam divergence. In this paper, we review recent progress in GaInAsP/InP 2D laser arrays. Attempts have been made to address important issues such as array uniformity, size, performance, heat dissipation and possibility of coherent phase locking. A new technique for fabricating large-numerical-aperture lenslet arrays is also reported.
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Li, Conghui, Lu Gan, and Cong Ling. "2D MIMO Radar with Coprime Arrays." In 2018 IEEE 10th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sam.2018.8448754.

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Golobokova, Lyudmila S., Yuri V. Nastaushev, Fedor N. Dultsev, and Natalia V. Kryzhanovskaya. "2D silicon nanopillars arrays for photonics." In 2015 16th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices (EDM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edm.2015.7184478.

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MAZO, J. J. "DISCRETE BREATHERS IN 2D JOSEPHSON ARRAYS." In Proceedings of the Third Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704627_0035.

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Haaheim, Jason R., Vadim Val, Ed Solheim, John Bussan, J. Fragala, and Mike Nelson. "Self-leveling 2D DPN probe arrays." In MOEMS-MEMS, edited by Holger Becker and Wanjun Wang. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.846603.

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Reports on the topic "2D arrays"

1

Cook, Michael J. Innovative Techniques for the Production of Low Cost 2D Laser Diode Arrays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada247282.

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NORTHEAST SEMICONDUCTOR INC ITHACA NY. Innovative Techniques for the Production of Low Cost 2D Laser Diode Arrays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada248247.

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NORTHEAST SEMICONDUCTOR INC ITHACA NY. Innovative Techniques for the Production of Low Cost 2D Laser Diode Arrays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251822.

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NORTHEAST SEMICONDUCTOR INC ITHACA NY. Innovative Techniques for the Production of Low Cost 2D Laser Diode Arrays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada257419.

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Cook, Michael J. Innovative Techniques for the Production of Low Cost 2D Laser Diode Arrays. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada244807.

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Shore, Robert A., and Arthur D. Yaghjian. Complex Waves on 1D, 2D, and 3D Periodic Arrays of Lossy and Lossless Magnetodielectric Spheres. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada534784.

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Smart, Joseph A. Innovative Techniques for the Production of Low Cost 2D Laser Diode Arrays Supplies or Services and Prices/Costs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada252665.

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NORTHEAST SEMICONDUCTOR INC ITHACA NY. Innovative Techniques for the Production of Low Cost 2D Laser Diode Arrays. Supplies or Services and Prices/Costs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada255435.

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Eberhart, Andreas. Contention-free Scheduling of Communication Induced by Array Operations on 2D Meshes. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6951.

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