Journal articles on the topic '280111 Expanding knowledge in the environmental sciences'
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Essl, Franz, Stefan Dullinger, Piero Genovesi, Philip E. Hulme, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Stelios Katsanevakis, Ingolf Kühn, et al. "A Conceptual Framework for Range-Expanding Species that Track Human-Induced Environmental Change." BioScience 69, no. 11 (September 25, 2019): 908–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biz101.
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Abstract For many species, human-induced environmental changes are important indirect drivers of range expansion into new regions. We argue that it is important to distinguish the range dynamics of such species from those that occur without, or with less clear, involvement of human-induced environmental changes. We elucidate the salient features of the rapid increase in the number of species whose range dynamics are human induced, and review the relationships and differences to both natural range expansion and biological invasions. We discuss the consequences for science, policy and management in an era of rapid global change and highlight four key challenges relating to basic gaps in knowledge, and the transfer of scientific understanding to biodiversity management and policy. We conclude that range-expanding species responding to human-induced environmental change will become an essential feature for biodiversity management and science in the Anthropocene. Finally, we propose the term neonative for these taxa.
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Grove, Jonathan Morgan, and Steward TA Pickett. "From transdisciplinary projects to platforms: expanding capacity and impact of land systems knowledge and decision making." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 38 (June 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2019.04.001.
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Harper, Kyle. "The Environmental Fall of the Roman Empire." Daedalus 145, no. 2 (April 2016): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00380.
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Global environmental history is currently being enriched by troves of new data, and new models of environmental variability and human impact. Earth scientists are rapidly expanding historians’ knowledge of the paleoclimate through the recovery and analysis of climate proxies such as ice cores, tree rings, stalagmites, and marine and lake sediments. Further, archaeologists and anthropologists are using novel techniques and methods to study the history of health and disease, as revealed through examination of bones and paleomolecular evidence. These possibilities open the way for historians to participate in a conversation about the long history of environmental change and human response. This essay considers how one of the most classic of all historical questions–the fall of the Roman Empire–can receive an answer enriched by new knowledge about the role of environmental change.
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Wahyunengsih, Wahyunengsih, and Noni Mia Rahmawati. "EXPANDING PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND SENSE OF TOLERANCE ON “THE WORLD THROUGH ENGLISH TEXTBOOK”." IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education) 9, no. 2 (December 29, 2022): 372–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/ijee.v9i2.27481.
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ABSTRACTCharacter education is needed to shape the students’ characters, one of which is the sense of being tolerant toward differences of cultures in societies around the world. Textbooks are suitable to introduce this value. This study is aimed to develop a primary school source of learning which significantly promotes the value of tolerance in the content. This textbook is aimed to introduce cultures from several parts of the world and stimulates the students' awareness of appreciating diversity. Plomp’s Model in 1997 research dan development (R&D) design is utilized in this present study. The finding shows the researchers can develop an English textbook entitled "The World through English". This book guides the students to enhance their knowledge and sense of tolerance into the level of warm tolerance according to the Interpersonal Tolerance Scale (IPTS) proposed by Thomae (2016). As a result, this study shows that the development of an English textbook with persuasive tolerance value is acceptable and easily comprehended by elementary school students.ABSTRAKPendidikan karakter diperlukan untuk membentuk karakter peserta didik, salah satunya adalah rasa toleran terhadap perbedaan budaya dalam masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Buku teks cocok untuk memperkenalkan nilai ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sumber belajar sekolah dasar yang secara signifikan mengedepankan nilai toleransi dalam muatannya. Buku ajar ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan budaya dari berbagai belahan dunia dan merangsang kesadaran siswa untuk menghargai keberagaman. Model Plomp pada tahun 1997 desain penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Temuan menunjukkan peneliti dapat mengembangkan buku teks bahasa Inggris berjudul "The World through English". Buku ini membimbing siswa untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan rasa toleransi ke tingkat toleransi hangat menurut Skala Toleransi Interpersonal (IPTS) yang diusulkan oleh Thomae (2016). Hasilnya, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan buku teks bahasa Inggris dengan nilai toleransi persuasif dapat diterima dan mudah dipahami oleh siswa sekolah dasar.How to Cite: Wahyunengsih, Rahmawati, N. M.. (2022). Expanding Primary School Students’ Knowledge and Sense of Tolerance on “The World Through English Textbook”. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 9(2), 372-395. doi:10.15408/ijee.v9i2.27481
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Filippova, O. G. "Popularization of the Altai archaeological heritage: experience and development prospects." Field studies in the Upper Ob, Irtysh and Altai (archeology, ethnography, oral history and museology) 16 (2021): 279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0584-2021-16-279-283.
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The publication raises issues related to the popularization of cultural heritage, monuments of archeology. The author gives examples of possible events and actions aimed at expanding the knowledge of representatives of society about the earliest stages of human development. The important role of interaction between the professional, scientific community, museums, non-profit organizations is noted.
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Ryan, John C. "Cultural Botany: Toward a Model of Transdisciplinary, Embodied, and Poetic Research into Plants." Nature and Culture 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 123–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2011.060202.
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Since the eighteenth century, the study of plants has reflected an increasingly mechanized and technological view of the natural world that divides the humanities and the natual sciences. In broad terms, this article proposes a context for research into flora through an interrogation of existing literature addressing a rapprochement between ways to knowledge. The natureculture dichotomy, and more specifically the plant-to-human sensory disjunction, follows a parallel course of resolution to the schism between objective (technical, scientific, reductionistic, visual) and subjective (emotive, artistic, relational, multi-sensory) forms of knowledge. The foundations of taxonomic botany, as well as the allied fields of environmental studies, ethnobotany and economic botany, are undergirded by universalizing, sensorylimited visual structuring of the natural world. As the study of everyday embodied interactions of humans with flora, expanding upon the lens of cultural ecology, "cultural botany" provides a transdisciplinary research approach. Alternate embodied cultural engagements with flora emerge through a syncretic fusion of diverse methodologies.
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Ikeda, Toshikazu. "Development research of arithmetic and mathematics curriculum incorporating revolutionary and cumulative knowledge growth." Impact 2022, no. 5 (October 13, 2022): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2022.5.20.
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The continuous development of education is important in order to ensure it keeps growing and improving. Professor Toshikazu Ikeda, College of Education, Yokohama National University, Japan, is a Professor of Mathematics who is a proponent of revolutionary knowledge growth through overturning, expanding, and integrating acquired knowledge and skills. This is about progression through bridging the gap between a knowledge goal and the existing knowledge base through developing techniques and pathways to that goal. Ikeda believes that by inserting revolutionary knowledge growth into the mathematics curriculum in Japan, children can be encouraged towards more independent and problem solving based thinking. He has performed an analysis of current teaching materials which involved examining local teaching materials in a specific area, using lessons to analyse and evaluate those materials and looking at long-term global teaching materials that give a deeper examination of specific topics, focusing on how and where it can be used and how students react to the content. In his work, Ikeda uses modelling as a problem solving tool and to develop techniques to deepen learning and lead to revolutionary knowledge growth. Ikeda is collaborating with Professor Max Stephens, Melbourne University, to produce lectures centred on revolutionary growth knowledge for students at teacher training colleges. A key part of Ikedaâ–™s work is teaching mathematical modelling in order to help students understand the importance of mathematics and develop their abilities.
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Grainger, Alan. "Uncertainty in the construction of global knowledge of tropical forests." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 34, no. 6 (December 2010): 811–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133310387326.
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Knowledge of tropical forest change remains uncertain, affecting our ability to produce accurate estimates of globally aggregated parameters to support clear global statements about ‘the tropical forests’. This paper reviews current methods for constructing global knowledge of changes in tropical forest area, carbon density, biodiversity and ecosystem services. It finds a deficiency in formal institutions for global measurement and constructing global knowledge. In their absence, informal institutions have proliferated, increasing the spread of estimates. This is exacerbated by dependence on inaccurate official statistics, which has limited construction of knowledge about forest area change through modelling. Employing the new concept of the Knowledge Exchange Chain shows the interdependence of different disciplines in constructing composite information. Limitations linked to compartmentalization and scale are present, as predicted by the ‘post-normal hypothesis’. Disciplinary compartmentalization has impeded construction of information about forest carbon and biodiversity change. There is growth in interdisciplinary research into modelling forest change and estimating carbon emissions using remote sensing data, but not in studying biodiversity. Continuing uncertainty has implications for implementing the Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) scheme. Uncertainty could be reduced by expanding formal scientific institutions, e.g. by establishing an operational scientific global forest monitoring system, and devising formal generic rules for constructing global environmental knowledge.
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Bloom, Nicholas, John Van Reenen, and Heidi Williams. "A toolkit of policies to promote innovation." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-10-5-31.
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Economic theory suggests that market economies are likely to underprovide innovation because of the public good nature of knowledge. Empirical evidence from the United States and other advanced economies supports this idea. We summarize the pros and cons of different policy instruments for promoting innovation and provide a basic “toolkit” describing which policies are most effective according to our reading of the evidence. In the short run, R&D tax credits and direct public funding seem the most productive, but in the longer run, increasing the supply of human capital (for example, relaxing immigration rules or expanding university STEM admissions) is likely more effective.
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Dudzik, Agnieszka, and Agnieszka Dzięcioł-Pędich. "Online tools for individual study of specialised vocabulary – selected challenges." Linguodidactica 26 (2022): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/lingdid.2022.26.03.
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The acquisition of lexis is an important part of language learning. It is also a vital component of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) education, as knowledge of specialised vocabulary is considered integral to success in occupation-specific communicative activities. Expanding professional lexis is essential to help ESP learners understand the language and concepts of their academic or professional discipline and achieve specific communication goals. This paper aims to discuss selected challenges of using online tools (which were subjected to a qualitative analysis) to develop specialised lexis at the tertiary level. An outline of difficulties in professional vocabulary learning and a review of the main characteristics of teaching ESP are also included.
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Sagdatullin, Artur M., and Kirill S. Semenov. "INFORMATION SYSTEM TO SUPPORT THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS BASED ON THE GAMIFICATION METHOD." Bulletin of the Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University) 61 (2022): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36807/1998-9849-2022-61-87-98-101.
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The paper considers an educational information system built based on gamification and game technologies, expanding the possibilities of supporting the educational process. A classification was proposed, and the main features of information training systems were presented. An educational information system model was developed to support the educational process based on the gamification method. It was shown that many factors included in the education information system contribute to the enhancement of efficiency of such systems. A comparison of the gamification method with other gaming techniques was given. A training simulator was developed to consolidate theoretical knowledge and form practical skills and abilities for trainees in the oil and gas equipment and electric power engineering
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Gedugoshev, Ratmir Ruslanovich. "Using the Incident Method in the Development of Social Responsibility of Young Police Officers." KANT 44, no. 3 (September 2022): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2022-44.40.
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The purpose of the study is to characterize the pedagogical potential of the incident method in the development of social responsibility of young police officers. The scientific novelty consists in describing the possibilities of the incident method for expanding legal knowledge, developing moral qualities, and forming successful models of behavior for young police officers. The results of the study are the characteristics of simulated situations compiled within the framework of the incident method, including three areas of work: a) discussion of moral dilemmas involving legal and moral choices; b) solving problems containing typical options for actions and an operational tactical approach; c) simulation of extreme conditions requiring the use of physical force, special means, weapons.
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Dudziak, Urszula. "Attitudes Towards the Regulation of Family Fertility. Reality and Pastoral Guidelines." Teologia i Moralność 17, no. 2(32) (December 30, 2022): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/tim.2022.32.2.16.
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Approval of fertility recognition and opposition to interfering with it have been expressed in many documents of the Church (Pius XI 1930, Paul VI 1968, John Paul II 1988, John Paul II 1995). The question remains: to what extent have the moral principles in the field of transmitting human life been interiorized and implemented? The answer to this question is possible thanks to the analysis of the results of surveys of various social groups. The article encourages spouses and parents, priests and educators, politicians and journalists, academic teachers and medical staff to constantly undertake, and even intensify, support activities in the field of expanding knowledge about the methods of ethical birth control and strengthening the attitude of responsible parenthood.
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Burkhanov, Rafael Ayratovich. "Philosophizing as a questioning about being." KANT 41, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-41.24.
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The article is devoted to the study of philosophizing as questioning. It is substantiated that in terms of content, it is, firstly, an ideological questioning about the world and the place of human in it; secondly, conceptual questioning, which is realized in a developed philosophical theory; thirdly, metaphysical questioning, the purpose of which is the knowledge of being as such; fourth, transcending questioning, expanding and complicating the spheres of knowledge and practice; fifth, projective questioning aimed at creating and implementing possible models of a person; sixth, personal questioning, which forms the consciousness of a particular individual. Various types of philosophizing in ancient, medieval, modern European and modern thought are analyzed. It is emphasized that the definition of the main issue of philosophy as the question of the relationship of thinking to being, spirit to nature makes sense only within the framework of classical thought. In post-non-classical philosophy, interrogation is carried out within disparate semantic "clusters", through which it is impossible to comprehend the being as such, to cognize the world whole.
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Awal, Sadiqul, and Darren Bonnici. "Consumers perception of aquaponics in Australia: A survey." Journal of Aquaculture and Marine Biology 10, no. 5 (November 15, 2021): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2021.10.00325.
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Aquaponics, an integrated system with both hydroponic plant production and aquaculture fish production, is an expanding alternative agriculture system. Many key questions about the overall feasibility of aquaponic systems remain unanswered. Of particular concern for start-up and established producers alike are consumer perceptions and willingness to pay for aquaponic produce and fish. This study reports results and analysis of a consumer survey about perceptions and preferences for aquaponic-grown products that was conducted in Melbourne Metropolitan Area (MMA), Australia. The results represent a first step toward building knowledge about the potential consumer base for aquaponics, which is a critical piece in the system’s potential overall profitability. It appears that consumer education and marketing will be key for the expansion of the market.
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Liseev, Igor K. "Ecology as a Way to Combine Knowledge about the Natural and Social in Human Being." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 4 (2020): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057466.
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The article considers the process of expanding the subject and methods of research in modern environmental science. It is shown how, following the traditional biological science of ecology, new directions of ecological knowledge arise under the influence of research activities: social ecology, anthropoecology. Knowledge about a human being is achieved through the use of both natural and human sciences. A great step in expanding the subject of modern ecology was the intensive formation of human ecology in recent years, in which the need for the formation of a unity of natural science and socio-humanitarian research methods was reflected most clearly. In contrast to biological ecology, in which the main focus of research was the principles of natural science research, in social ecology, socio-humanitarian issues become dominant, and in human ecology-the synthesis of natural science and socio-humanitarian approaches. It's time to abandon the progressive illusions of the past and move on to the awareness of the specifics of sustainable civilizational development at the present stage. This sustainable development presupposes the co-evolution of society and nature, such a co-development of society and nature, in which both components of this single system do not oppose each other, do not conflict, but organically presuppose each other in their combined, harmonious development. Thus, now acting as a unified science that studies the interaction of the central coreof the system and its environment, ecology sets new guidelines for understanding the organization of scientific knowledge, the mood of the modern world picture is falling. A promising way for ecology is to grow into a modern universal organizational science. But this is a distant prospect. However, even now, such a renewed ecology can provide much for Russia’s search for its modern civilizational path, clarifying the organization of scientific knowledge, specifying the contours of the modern scientific picture of the world.
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Villaseñor, Ferdinand II Bangiban, and Wilfred D. Bidad. "Disgusting for being HIV infected: Case study on HIV knowledge, sexual risk behaviors, and attitudes among MSM overseas Filipino workers in UAE." Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30935/mjosbr/12661.
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HIV has been prevailing in many societies as a health threat and numerous men are affected of this global health crisis. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitude, and sexual risk behaviors of overseas Filipino workers (OFW) men having sex with men (MSM) about HIV. Through a qualitative using case study research design, in-depth key informant interviews (KIIs) were done to secure primary data collection and better understand the informants’ experiences and perceptions about HIV. The informants of the study involved 10 OFWs who worked in Dubai, UAE. Based on thematic data analysis, findings highlighted that the informants were knowledgeable of HIV transmission, symptoms, and prevention and treatment. They avoid drug use and practice safe sex especially through condom use to avoid HIV infection. However, they admitted to sexual risk behaviors. Consequently, the MSM pointed out the stigma, insecurity, and hopelessness of people dealing and living with HIV disease and enjoin people to give them fair treatment and acceptance in society. This study recommends expanding HIV awareness campaign programs to lessen the HIV disease and discrimination against people with HIV through promoting in social media and other relevant platforms and health support services.
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Myśliwiec, Iwona. "Ocena przydatności narzędzia badawczego na podstawie studium przypadku dziecka bilingwalnego w ujęciu logopedycznym." Słowo. Studia językoznawcze 12 (2021): 226–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/slowo.2021.12.20.
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The aim of this paper is to introduce, analyze, and discuss the Language Development Test (LDT) as a tool for examining bilingual children. The research was based on a case study of a boy who was at the stage of acquiring Polish as an L2. The obtained test result differs significantly from the opinion of the Polish language teacher and speech therapist who cooperated with the boy from the moment of his arrival in Poland to the time of the final examination. Alex’s score on the Language Development Test (TRJ) corresponds to the third level. In reality, however, the boy mastered the language well enough to begin his education in a Polish school, keeping up with his Polish peers in acquiring knowledge and expanding his linguistic competence. This demonstrates the lack of valid tools for examining bilingual and multilingual children. Standards for these groups should be developed separately.
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Razvi, Sayed Ata al' Vahid. "Cultural Landscape as an Assessment Category and a Communication Tool: Cultural Codes of Russia and Pakistan in the Context of Descriptive Comparative Studies." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 11, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2022-11-1-40-45.
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The author of the article shares the opinion that culture and communication are mutually dependent factors of the formation of civilization. The present article focuses on the instrumental possibilities of cultural landscapes and cultural codes as communication tools, using comparative studies of cultural landscapes of Russia and Pakistan as an example. The author offers his model of conceptualizing cultural landscape as a cultural text in the process of interpretation of its cultural codes. The author argues that it is possible to consider the process of expanding mutual cultural knowledge as a form of "soft power" capable of promoting the development and strengthening of international relations. The author examines applied cultural studies from the standpoint of the science of communication, defining as their goal the achievement of the most productive, comfortable and harmonious conditions of intercultural, interlanguage and international communication within the framework of bilateral and multilateral relations.
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Moreira Santos, Micael, Jader Nunes Cachoeira, Antonio Carlos Batista, Eduardo Henrique Rezende, Maria Cristina Bueno Coelho, and Marcos Giongo. "Integrated fire management in the Brazilian Cerrado: advances and challenges." Tropical Forest Issues, no. 61 (November 10, 2022): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55515/vtqt5503.
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By including local knowledge, integrated fire management is sustaining an ancestral practice for reducing forest fires and conserving ecosystems. In private areas, however, it is necessary to develop programmes that include land owners, and to evaluate ways of expanding the proposed system. Reintroducing integrated fire management in the Cerrado has brought new tools and technologies that improve planning and implementation. Investment in research and development must be continuous, in order to advance technologically, and to train technicians, traditional communities and land owners. And it remains essential to reconcile new technologies and methodologies with traditional knowledge about fire management
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Sierpińska, Lidia, and Sebastian Jaworski. "Level of nurses’ knowledge concerning prevention of hospital-acquired infections in surgical wards." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 8 (June 11, 2022): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.08.012.
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Introduction. Prevention of hospital-acquired infections in surgical wards is associated with a high level of nurses’ knowledge and skills in the area of the observance of procedures, standards of prevention of infections, use of personal protection means, and isolation of patients infected with the alert pathogen. Objective. The aim of the study was recognition of the level of knowledge concerning prevention of hospital-acquired infections among nursing staff in surgical wards. Materials and Method. The study was conducted in 2021, and included 115 nurses employed in hospital wards in two hospitals. The research method was a diagnostic survey, the technique – a questionnaire, and the research tool – an author-constructed questionnaire. Results. The majority of the examined nurses (68.0%) presented a ‘mediocre’ level of knowledge concerning hospital-acquired infections, while 38.9% - a ‘low’ level. More than a half of the respondents (60.0%) knew the purpose for hygienic handwashing. Approximately ¾ of respondents knew that there is no necessity for using sterile gloves during procedures related with the risk of contact with blood or body fluids. The majority of nurses in the study (62.5%) had a deficit of knowledge about transient flora inhabiting the skin, and 1/3 of respondents had no established principles of observance of personal protection means. More than a half of nurses (65.2%) did not know the objective of isolation of patients infected with an alert pathogen. Nearly a half of respondents (47.8%) knew that standard isolation is applied in each patient, irrespective of the previous medical history taking. Almost 2/3 of respondents (64.3%) knew that isolations applied in infections transmitted through contact, by airborne-droplet and airborne-dust routes are the types of above-standard isolation. Conclusions. The results of the study confirm the need for expanding the scope of knowledge about prevention of hospital-acquired infections, the time of hygienic and surgical handwashing, as well as the principles of using personal protection means. The nurses presented a deficit of knowledge concerning transient flora of pathogenic microorganisms inhabiting the surface of the hands, and the principles of using personal protection means. Nurses require the expansion of the scope of knowledge about the goal and principles of standard and above-standard isolation of patients infected with alert pathogen.
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Shin, Chung-Shig. "A Study of the Possibility of the Hermeneutical Approach of Public Administration." Korean Association of Governance Studies 32, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 187–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.26847/mspa.2022.32.2.187.
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A hermeneutical study in the realm of social sciences is on the way to expanding its realm variously. Theorists under the hermeneutical tradition mainly focus on ‘praxis’ as a self-interpretation within the historical contexts of social actors. A vital factor of the hermeneutical logos is thus contextualized self-interpretation. This article attempts to explain the application of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s ‘philosophical hermeneutics’ to the realms of public administration by focusing on the framework of ‘local narrative.’ This framework might consist of meaning, action, agency, structure, institution, and even power. Its ultimate goal never aims to make the “grand” narrative. Rather it attempts to reach the deeper understanding of the things within the realm of public administration. The guidance of a narrative weaving various efforts for understanding, effective communication, holism might be actualized by our localized knowledge and partial perspectives founded upon the hermeneutic circle, the historically effected consciousness and the lingusticality of understanding in Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics.
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KÜÇÜKSÜLEYMANOĞLU, Rüyam. "INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS’ BURNOUT IN HIGHER EDUCATION." IEDSR Association 6, no. 15 (September 20, 2021): 54–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.326.
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International student mobility has been expanding in the past twenty years. Creating economic value and strategic colloborations, developing a common understanding in a socio-cultural context, and generating scientific knowledge at a universal level through projects and research in higher education are the main reasons that play a role in the increase of internationalization efforts. International students who prefer to study outside of their country face many academic, socio-cultural, psychological and economic problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the burnout levels of international students. A descriptive approach incorporating quantitative (MBI-SS) and qualitative methods (semi structured interviews) were adopted in the present study to collect data. A total of 1284 international students were selected fort the quantative and 20 studets for the qualitative part of the study. The results of the study revealed the fact that international students has high burnout levels due to academic demands, cultural differences, financial problems, language and homesickness.
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Ramiz Abdinov, Vidadi Akhundov, Ramiz Abdinov, Vidadi Akhundov. "METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF INNOVATIONS ON THE PRODUCTION OF THE REGION'S FINAL PRODUCTS." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 21, no. 04 (November 9, 2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc21042022-33.
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The article developed an algorithm for calculating the coefficient of the impact of innovations on the growth rate of the final product. This mathematical apparatus is a tool for adequate adjustment of the economic system, taking into account the potential of its innovative development. Next, the problem of predicting the regional final product is solved using the Cobb-Douglas(innovation) model. In the calculations, the values of the parameters are determined by the Gradient method. The result obtained indicates the adequacy of the approach used. In addition, the assumptions and hypotheses put forward in the study create prerequisites for further expanding the amount of knowledge in the field of studying the innovative impact on the economy. The practical significance of the proposed models of innovative development of economic systems lies in the emergence of new opportunities for building the innovation policy of the state. Keywords: innovation activity, fuzzy model, Gradient method, innovation index
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Salma, Jordana, Savera Aziz Ali, McKenzie H. Tilstra, Ishwar Tiwari, Charlene C. Nielsen, Kyle Whitfield, Allyson Jones, Alvaro Osornio Vargas, Okan Bulut, and Shelby S. Yamamoto. "Listening to older adults’ perspectives on climate change: Focus group study." International Health Trends and Perspectives 2, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32920/ihtp.v2i3.1697.
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This study explores climate change knowledge, attitudes, and experiences of community-dwelling older adults in Edmonton, Alberta. A qualitative descriptive methodology was used where thirty-nine older adults participated in one of six focus groups. A thematic data analysis helped identify three key themes synthesized from participants’ narratives: (a) Making sense of climate change, (b) lack of leadership in managing climate change; and (c) actions to address climate change that include an emphasis on individual responsibility and valuing the contributions of older adults. Older adults vary in their climate change literacy and levels of concern about climate change but share a commitment to environmental stewardship and community wellbeing. Expanding opportunities for older Canadians to learn about climate change and engage in climate initiatives will bring multiple benefits to this population and to the climate change movement.
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Nikolopoulos, Vasileios, Mara Nikolaidou, Maria Voreakou, and Dimosthenis Anagnostopoulos. "Context Diffusion in Fog Colonies: Exploring Autonomous Fog Node Operation Using ECTORAS." IoT 3, no. 1 (January 18, 2022): 91–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iot3010005.
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In Fog Computing, fog colonies are formed by nodes cooperating to provide services to end-users. To enable efficient operation and seamless scalability of fog colonies, decentralized control over participating nodes should be promoted. In such cases, autonomous Fog Nodes operate independently, sharing the context in which all colony members provide their services. In the paper, we explore different techniques of context diffusion and knowledge sharing between autonomous Fog Nodes within a fog colony, using ECTORAS, a publish/subscribe protocol. With ECTORAS, nodes become actively aware of their operating context, share contextual information and exchange operational policies to achieve self-configuration, self-adaptation and context awareness in an intelligent manner. Two different ECTORAS implementations are studied, one offering centralized control with the existence of a message broker, to manage colony participants and available topics, and one fully decentralized, catering to the erratic topology that Fog Computing may produce. The two schemes are tested as the Fog Colony size is expanding in terms of performance and energy consumption, in a prototype implementation based on Raspberry Pi nodes for smart building management.
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Bajrang Lal and Priyanka Ranawat. "Approach to Enablers of Minimum Support Price (MSP) and their Effects on Sustainable Agriculture Practices." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i10.016.
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The production of agricultural goods is essential to the maintenance of many households' means of subsistence, notably in India. The purpose of this article is to determine the key factors of MSP and the impact that it has on sustainable agricultural practices (SAP). The selection of these 380 marginal farmers in Rajasthan was conducted using a survey methodology that included well-organized and convenient sampling techniques. The findings suggested that the farmers were familiar with the MSP. Several supply parameters, including Area under crop, Productivity of land, Processing cost, Transportation, Distribution, Taxes and fee, and Subsidies, were found to have a correlation that was both positive and significant with SAP. In a similar vein, agricultural factors, such as the cost of production, input prices, market prices, demand and supply, inflation, and international pricing, are positively connected with SAP. To achieve agricultural sustainability in Rajasthan, an innovative conceptual model was devised. This work contributes to the current body of knowledge by expanding on how MSP and SAP are typically utilized.
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Sánchez-Carrillo, Salvador, and Miguel Álvarez-Cobelas. "Stable isotopes as tracers in aquatic ecosystems." Environmental Reviews 26, no. 1 (March 2018): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2017-0040.
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The addition of stable isotopes (SI) of 13C and 15N has been used to study several aquatic processes, thus avoiding environmental disturbance by the observer. This approach, employed for the last three decades, has contributed to expanding our knowledge of food-web ecology and nutrient dynamics in aquatic systems. Currently, SI addition is considered a powerful complementary tool for studying several ecological and biogeochemical processes at the whole-aquatic-ecosystem scale, which could not be addressed otherwise. However, their contributions have not been considered jointly nor have they been evaluated with a view to assessing the reliability and scope of their results from an ecosystem perspective. We intend to bridge this gap by providing a comprehensive review (78 scientific publications reporting in situ 13C/15N additions at the whole-aquatic-ecosystem scale) addressing the main results arising from their use as tracers. Specifically, we focus on: (i) reasons for SI additions at the whole-ecosystem scale to study ecological processes, (ii) the paradigms resulting from its use and the insights achieved, (iii) uncertainties and drawbacks arising from these SI addition experiments, and (iv) the potential of this approach for tackling new paradigms. SI tracer addition at the ecosystem scale has provided new functional insights into numerous ecological processes in aquatic sciences (importance of subsidies in lakes; heterotrophy dominance in benthic food webs in lakes, wetlands and estuaries; the decrease in N removal efficiency in most aquatic ecosystems due to anthropogenic alteration; the recognition of hyporheic zones and floodplains as hot spots for stream denitrification; and high rates of internal N recycling in tidal freshwater marshes). However, certain constraints such as the high cost of isotopes, the maintenance of the new isotopic steady state, and avoidance of biomass changes in any compartment or pool during tracer addition bear witness to the difficulties of applying this approach to all fields of aquatic ecology and ecosystems. The future development of this approach, rather than expanding to larger and complex aquatic ecosystems, should include other stable isotopes such as phosphorus (P18O4).
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Budayová, Zuzana, Michal Svoboda, Marek Kóša, Catalina Tudose, and Irma Igorevna Molchanova. "Lifelong Learning and Development for Social Workers." Journal of Education Culture and Society 13, no. 2 (September 27, 2022): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2022.2.359.368.
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Aim. In the paper, the authors demonstrate the influence of the education and educational level of social workers on the quality of social work as a profession that helps people in unfavorable situation. They point to the importance of lifelong learning, which is essential for advancing the knowledge and competences of social workers in practice. Concept. Lifelong education for social workers is currently a necessity for their functioning not only on the basis of the rapid, dynamic changes in their problems and social clients, but also for rapid and dynamic changes in the use of methods and techniques of social work. Method. The study deals with the educational development of employees in the profession of social worker. It defines and identifies forms of continuous education of social workers, which can have different methods and which can result in different competencies of a social worker. Results. The study confirms that the lifelong learning of social workers requires constant access to support and information about education, but also to set opportunities and thus facilitate access to the education of social workers. It is necessary to realise that the competences of the social worker must be in accordance with the education that the social worker has. Conclusion. The scientific articles and contributions that we offer in this study point to lifelong learning, which has the effect of expanding the possibilities of a social worker’s work with several types of clients, increases his competences and thus acquires a lot of knowledge and skills that are subsequently applied in practice.
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Najafi, Ali, Neda Emami, and Taha Samad-Soltani. "Integration of Genomics Data and Electronic Health Records Toward Personalized Medicine: A Targeted Review." Frontiers in Health Informatics 10, no. 1 (August 22, 2021): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/fhi.v10i1.299.
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Introduction: Integration of rapidly expanding high-throughput omics technologies and electronic health record (EHR) has created an unprecedented advantage in terms of acquiring routine healthcare data to accelerate genetic discovery. In this regard, EHR can also provide several important advantages to omics research if the integration challenges are well handled. The main purpose of the present study was to review available and published knowledge in the related literature and then to classify and discuss stakeholders’ requirements in this domain.Material and Methods: At first, a broad electronic search of all available literature in English was conducted on the topic through a search in the databases of Medline, Web of Science, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Scopus, and Cochrane. Then, stakeholders’ requirements were tabulated, and finally, a word cloud was generated and analyzed to achieve functional and non-functional cases.Results: A total of 81 articles were included in the given analysis. Integration requirements also consisted of nine functional cases including a uniform approach to the interpretation of genetic tests, standardized terminologies and ontologies, structured data entry as much as possible, an integrated online patient portal, multiple data source handling, machine-readable storing and reporting, research-oriented requirements, pharmacogenomics decision support capabilities, and phenotyping algorithms and knowledge base. Besides, there were three non-functional cases comprised of interoperability of multiple systems, ethical, legal, security factor, and big data computations.Conclusion: The main challenges in this way could also have semantic and technical themes. Therefore, system developers could guarantee the success of systems by overcoming the given challenges.
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Yaprakli, Sevda, and Erdemalp Ozden. "The Effect of Sustainable Development on Economic Complexity in OECD Countries." International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.7949.
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Economic complexity showing a holistic measure of countries' economic productive power and characteristics has become a new tool for understanding the dynamics of the economy. Examining the relationship between sustainable development and this new tool is vital in determining new policies. By applying panel data of OECD countries covering different development levels from 1996 to 2017 to a data-driven dynamic econometric model, the research provides fresh insight between sustainable development and economic complexity. The results indicate that economic complexity is significantly affected by sustainable developments’ economic indicators such as GDP, FDI, R&D expenditure, social indicators such as human development, income inequality, and environmental indicators such as production-based CO2 emissions, renewable energy consumption, and greenhouse gas. The research, consequently, suggests that switching to technology and knowledge-based production processes, expanding qualified production factor capacity, raising social living standards, and making investments in the green economy will foster economic complexity while ensuring stable sustainability.
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STETSULA, NADIIA. "METHOD OF PROJECTS IN THE CONTEXT OF FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE TEACHERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy 1, no. 1 (July 14, 2022): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.22.1.7.
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It has been analysed that the educational system in higher education institutions aims to ensure the advanced development of education by modernizing the educational process in accordance with the needs of society for the training of future professionals. It is noted that application of innovative didactic tools has affected the transition from the reproductive style of learning to the productive one, which stimulates the educational and cognitive activity of students. It is established that the use of the project method is effective in the formation of environmental competence in the system of professional and pedagogical training of future teachers of natural sciences, because it involves the achievement of educational goals means of Ecology, thereby expanding the scope of professional competence. The pedagogical purpose of the project method is to develop in students the ability to transform information into knowledge and independently use didactic tools to obtain a learning product. The priority values of ecological-competence education for the future teacher of natural specialties have been highlighted, they include cognitive, subject-practical and personal experience. Prospects for the formation of environmental competence of future teachers in the context of the project method imply fulfilling the educational process with new achievements of the natural and pedagogical field in the context of the project method; inclusion in the one’s own pedagogical activity of a method of projects on the basis of subject modelling; use of the project method in the cognitive activity of an applicant on the basis of solving project tasks; combining and reconstructing familiar techniques of creative activity to solve new problems; self-education, self-development and self-realization of an individual in the process of project activities on an individual and group basis. The research paper is focused on the methodological features of using the project method in the training of future teachers of natural specialties in the process of formation of environmental competencies; an interactive model of interaction "teacher-applicant" and methodological development introduction of the method.
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Smith, Andrea L., Nina Hewitt, Nicole Klenk, Dawn R. Bazely, Norman Yan, Stepan Wood, Irene Henriques, James I. MacLellan, and Carla Lipsig-Mummé. "Effects of climate change on the distribution of invasive alien species in Canada: a knowledge synthesis of range change projections in a warming world." Environmental Reviews 20, no. 1 (March 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a11-020.
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The interactive effects of climate change and invasive alien species (IAS) pose serious threats to biodiversity, ecosystems and human well-being worldwide. In particular, IAS are predicted to experience widespread changes in distribution in response to climate change, with many expanding their ranges into new areas. However, the two drivers of global change are seldom considered together in policy and management. We conducted a knowledge synthesis to assess the state of research on IAS range shifts under climate change in Canada. We found that the study of IAS distribution changes caused by climate change is a relatively new field of inquiry that integrates research in the areas of ecology, conservation biology, and environmental sciences. The multidisciplinary dimensions of the issue are largely overlooked in the scholarly literature, with most studies having a purely natural science perspective. Very little original research has occurred in the field to date; instead literature reviews are common. Research focuses on modeling range changes of current IAS threats, rather than predicting potential future IAS threats. The most commonly studied IAS already occur in Canada as native species that have spread beyond their range (e.g., lyme disease, mountain pine beetle, smallmouth bass) or as established invaders (e.g., gypsy moth). All of these IAS are expected to expand northward with climate change, resulting in widespread negative impacts on forest and freshwater biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and public health. Many barriers to predicting IAS range change under climate change are identified in the literature, including the complexity of the issue, lack of ecological data, and failure to integrate climate change – IAS interactions into research, policy, and management. Recommendations for increased research and monitoring, and the need for policy and management reform predominate in the literature.
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Roberto Soares Scolforo, José, Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho, Antonio Chalfun-Junior, Adriano Higino Freire, Leandro Coelho Naves, and Marcio Machado Ladeira. "How the environmental planning of the Universidade Federal de Lavras impacts higher education." E3S Web of Conferences 48 (2018): 06004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184806004.
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UFLA was founded in 1908 as an Agriculture School and since that time there was a large concern with environmental issues. During last decade, UFLA has started a huge expansion in different areas of knowledge, becoming a more comprehensive university rather than being focused only in Agriculture Sciences. Due to that, UFLA has faced a need to build many buildings, avenues, improve water and energy supply and deal with different residues produced by their population on campus (including at the laboratories). For this reason, in 2009, UFLA started the idea to implement an Environmental and Structural Planning (ESP), to solve current structural problems and prevent future ones, creating, by that, conditions for keeping expanding and still placing UFLA as an environmentally sustainable University. Moreover, once the Planning was implemented and, even during its implementation, UFLA started to be an excellent example and laboratory for their students. In other words, we could start teaching how to expand keeping been sustainable. For instance, almost 70% of UFLA undergraduate and graduate programs have direct or indirect relation with environment and sustainability, and part of them use facilities and activities created with the ESP implementation. As recognition for the described actions, in 2017, UFLA was ranked in 35th position in UI Green Metric overall world ranking and 1st in Education. In conclusion, the ESP is a great opportunity to improve education and research quality of UFLA.
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Angell, Inga Leena, and Knut Rudi. "A game theory model for gut bacterial nutrient utilization strategies during human infancy." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1931 (July 15, 2020): 20200824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0824.
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Despite the fact that infant gut colonization patterns have been extensively studied, we have limited knowledge about the underlying ecological processes. This particularly relates to the ecological choice of nutrient utilization strategies. The aim of the current study was therefore to compare empirically determined nutrient utilization strategies with that expected from a combinatorial game theory model. Observational analyses for 100 mother–child pairs suggested mother–child transmission of specialists with the potential to use few nutrients. Generalists, on the other hand, with the potential to use many nutrients, peaked at three months of age for the children. The level of generalists was gradually replaced with specialists up to 12 months of age. Game theory simulation revealed a competitive advantage of generalists in an expanding population, while more specialized bacteria were favoured with the maturation of the population. This suggests that the observed increase in generalists in the three-month-old children could be due to an immature, expanding gut microbiota population while the increase of specialists at 12 months could be due to population maturation. The simulated and empirical data also correspond with respect to an increased α diversity and a decreased β diversity with the number of simulations and age, respectively. Taken together, game theory simulation of nutrient utilization strategies can therefore provide novel insight into the maturation of the human gut microbiota during infancy.
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Orr, James A., Rolf D. Vinebrooke, Michelle C. Jackson, Kristy J. Kroeker, Rebecca L. Kordas, Chrystal Mantyka-Pringle, Paul J. Van den Brink, et al. "Towards a unified study of multiple stressors: divisions and common goals across research disciplines." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1926 (May 6, 2020): 20200421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.0421.
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Anthropogenic environmental changes, or ‘stressors’, increasingly threaten biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. Multiple-stressor research is a rapidly expanding field of science that seeks to understand and ultimately predict the interactions between stressors. Reviews and meta-analyses of the primary scientific literature have largely been specific to either freshwater, marine or terrestrial ecology, or ecotoxicology. In this cross-disciplinary study, we review the state of knowledge within and among these disciplines to highlight commonality and division in multiple-stressor research. Our review goes beyond a description of previous research by using quantitative bibliometric analysis to identify the division between disciplines and link previously disconnected research communities. Towards a unified research framework, we discuss the shared goal of increased realism through both ecological and temporal complexity, with the overarching aim of improving predictive power. In a rapidly changing world, advancing our understanding of the cumulative ecological impacts of multiple stressors is critical for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem management. Identifying and overcoming the barriers to interdisciplinary knowledge exchange is necessary in rising to this challenge. Division between ecosystem types and disciplines is largely a human creation. Species and stressors cross these borders and so should the scientists who study them.
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Pepey, Anaïs, Marc Souris, Amélie Vantaux, Serge Morand, Dysoley Lek, Ivo Mueller, Benoit Witkowski, and Vincent Herbreteau. "Studying Land Cover Changes in a Malaria-Endemic Cambodian District: Considerations and Constraints." Remote Sensing 12, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 2972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12182972.
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Malaria control is an evolving public health concern, especially in times of resistance to insecticides and to antimalarial drugs, as well as changing environmental conditions that are influencing its epidemiology. Most literature demonstrates an increased risk of malaria transmission in areas of active deforestation, but knowledge about the link between land cover evolution and malaria risk is still limited in some parts of the world. In this study, we discuss different methods used for analysing the interaction between deforestation and malaria, then highlight the constraints that can arise in areas where data is lacking. For instance, there is a gap in knowledge in Cambodia about components of transmission, notably missing detailed vector ecology or epidemiology data, in addition to incomplete prevalence data over time. Still, we illustrate the situation by investigating the evolution of land cover and the progression of deforestation within a malaria-endemic area of Cambodia. To do so, we investigated the area by processing high-resolution satellite imagery from 2018 (1.5 m in panchromatic mode and 6 m in multispectral mode) and produced a land use/land cover map, to complete and homogenise existing data from 1988 and from 1998 to 2008 (land use/land cover from high-resolution satellite imagery). From these classifications, we calculated different landscapes metrics to quantify evolution of deforestation, forest fragmentation and landscape diversity. Over the 30-year period, we observed that deforestation keeps expanding, as diversity and fragmentation indices globally increase. Based on these results and the available literature, we question the mechanisms that could be influencing the relationship between land cover and malaria incidence and suggest further analyses to help elucidate how deforestation can affect malaria dynamics.
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Goncharova, K. S., and G. Shelomentsev. "The analysis of space category in economic studies." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 5 (September 19, 2022): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202252.
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Space is one of the key and controversial (in terms of content) categories in economics. It is assumed that the methodological basis of spatial development concept, and, correspondingly, the very concept of space itself are classical (mercantilism) and neoclassical (price theory) theories. However, until now the understanding of its nature and its role in creating and transforming modern socio-economic relations remains a debatable issue. The key method of analysis in this work is semantic analysis. The Authors attempt, on the one hand, to reveal a retrospective transformation of space concept, and on the other, to identify the key theoretical and methodological approaches to this phenomenon in modern research. The analysis results in a number of valuable findings. First, the authors identify a synthetic nature of concept evolution, which consists in a specific absorption of previously proposed models and space describing provisions. Secondly, the authors identify the main approaches to space study, for which the determining criterion is the nature of socio-economic relations formed by economic agents, and the processes that these agents implement in various spaces. Thirdly, the authors prove that modern concept of socio-economic space allows for a broader description of interactions of economic agents in translocation aspect. Thus, the scientific significance of the research consists in expanding knowledge approaches to defining the category of space, as well as its analysis in modern economic research.
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CIOBANU, Elena, Catalina CROITORU, Greta BALAN, Vladimir BERNIC, Olga BURDUNIUC, and Alina FERDOHLEB. "„Phage treatment and wetland technology as intervention strategy to prevent dissemination of antibiotic resistance in surface waters”- a project launch in low-middle in-come countries of Eastern Europe." One Health & Risk Management 3, no. 2S (March 20, 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.38045/ohrm.2022.2.05.
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Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance is a widespread and tough challenge, if not impossible, to limit by biological, physical or geographical barriers. This is the reason behind the "One Health" approach, which guides all rules and research plans on antimicrobial resistance worldwide. The abusive and excessive use of antimicrobials in human medicine, veterinary practices, agriculture and aquaculture has traditionally been considered the main reason for the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. The purpose was to assess the epidemiological risk of wastewater as a source of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria concerning public health, focusing on low- and middle-income Eastern European countries.
Material and methods. To achieve this goal, the development of a secure, cost-effective and sustainable technology has been planned, which could easily be introduced in low- and middle-income countries. There have been outlined the following steps: mapping the consumption of antimicrobial emulsions at the national level (primary, cross-sectional study, complete sampling, based on imported data and centralized public acquirement of medicines); research regarding the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population on antimicrobial resistance (primary, cross-sectional, descriptive study); qualitative and descriptive evaluation of barriers to reduce the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance by the healthcare services; research regarding the knowledge, attitudes and practices in human and veterinary healthcare on antimicrobial resistance (primary, cross-sectional, descriptive study); screening and investigation of the microbial resistance mechanisms to the strains isolated from patients with infectious pathological processes (preclinical study); analysis of the specific features and sampling of the Constructed Wetlands in Orhei (preclinical study). The Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health of RM positively approved the Research PhageLand.
Results. The obtained results of this research will contribute to a better understanding of the involved factors that are generating the broadening of antimicrobial resistance and how they influence the transmission among different hosts (bacteria, animals and humans). Moreover, it can also have a major impact to the engineering field and wastewater management companies by expanding the range of tools with sophisticated technologies, designed to reduce the risk of transmitting antimicrobial resistance in wastewater and improve sewerage practices.
Conclusions. The effective use of knowledge and practices in the worldwide fight against antimicrobial resistance, providing useful data, applicable knowledge, efficient, environmentally friendly and cost-effective protocols and technologies, which can be scaled, implemented and used at the European and international levels with no economic or geographical obstacles.
Acknowledgment. The research was conducted in the Republic of Moldova within the JPIAMR projects (PhageLand), project number - 22.80013.8007.1.
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Purdon, Jean, Fannie W. Shabangu, Dawit Yemane, Marc Pienaar, Michael J. Somers, and Ken Findlay. "Species distribution modelling of Bryde’s whales, humpback whales, southern right whales, and sperm whales in the southern African region to inform their conservation in expanding economies." PeerJ 8 (September 22, 2020): e9997. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9997.
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In southern African waters, information about species distribution and habitat preferences of many cetacean species is limited, despite the recent economic growth that may affect them. We determined the relative importance of eight environmental variables (bathymetry, distance to shore, slope, chlorophyll-a, salinity, eastwards sea water velocity, northwards sea water velocity and sea surface temperature) as drivers of seasonal habitat preferences of Bryde’s whales (Balaenoptera brydei), humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae), southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). Using presence only data from multiple sources, we constructed predictive species distribution models (SDMs) consisting of ensembles of seven algorithms for these species during both summer and winter. Predicted distribution for all cetaceans was high in southern Africa and, in particular, within the South African Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Predictive models indicated a more pronounced seasonal variation for humpback, sperm and southern right whales than for Bryde’s whales. Southern right whales occurred closer to shore during winter, humpback whales were more likely to occur along the east coast in winter and the west coast in summer, and sperm whales were more concentrated off the shelf in winter. Our study shows that ensemble models using historical, incidental and scientific data, in conjunction with modern environmental variables, can provide baseline knowledge on important environmental drivers of cetacean distribution for conservation purposes. Results of this study can further be used to help develop marine spatial plans and identify important marine mammal areas.
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Barrie, James R., and Oscar Wambuguh. "The Impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on Oral Health in Low-Income Individuals." Research in Health Science 7, no. 4 (November 11, 2022): p85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rhs.v7n4p85.
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Most low-income families struggle with financial stability making it difficult to access the health care they need. This challenge is especially prevalent for individuals trying to seek dental care services. Low-income households with limited health insurance coverage often perceive dental care as a luxury. However, good oral health signifies good overall health and can prevent future health problems. One of the primary goals of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to increase dental care access for low-income individuals. The ACA was designed to expand dental coverage to be more comprehensive and decrease individuals’ financial burdens. The current study uses research and scholarly review articles from the past seven years to understand whether expanding dental care coverage through the ACA leads to better oral health for low-income individuals. The study shows that because of the ACA, there is a strong correlation between low-income individuals seeking dental care and improving their oral health. Extending dental coverage by the ACA significantly decreases the financial barrier for individuals and allows them to consult with a dentist more often. In addition, routine dental visits provide patients with proper oral health knowledge. The implementation of the ACA is also decreasing the number of emergency dental visits since individuals can access dental check-ups and prevent those visits. Further research is needed to understand how enrollees are utilizing all the benefits the Act provides for. Ensuring the ACA remains in place will allow future generations access to dental care, have better oral health, and reduce the strain on emergency dental departments.
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Illes, Anya E., and Laila Yunes-Jimenez. "A female songbird out-sings male conspecifics during simulated territorial intrusions." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1658 (December 2, 2008): 981–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1445.
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While birdsong is a model system for animal communication studies, our knowledge is derived primarily from the study of only one sex and is therefore incomplete. The study of song in a role-reversed species would provide a unique opportunity to study selective pressures and mechanisms specific to females, and to test the robustness of current theories in an empirically novel manner. We investigated function of female song in stripe-headed sparrows ( Aimophila r. ruficauda ), a Neotropical, duetting passerine, and found that during simulated territorial intrusions by a female, male or duetting pair, females: (i) sang more than males to same-sex and duet playback, (ii) played a leading singing role in all contexts, and (iii) showed a longer term song response than males. These results suggest that females sing competitively against other females, and that intrasexual selection may be greater among females than among males. This is the first songbird study to show a stronger vocal role in territory defence for females than males. Stripe-headed sparrows are group-living cooperative breeders, and preliminary data suggest that polyandry and/or resource defence may explain strong female singing behaviour. Stripe-headed sparrows may be a useful study species for expanding our knowledge of vocal communication in female animals.
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Abrantes, Bruno F. "Are Neoclassic Internationalization Models Enduring? A Case-Review of the Uppsala Paradigm." SAGE Open 10, no. 2 (April 2020): 215824402093253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244020932535.
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Internationalization is a theme of great interest to practitioners worldwide, intensified by the increasing business environmental turbulence in last decades. The latter led to the proliferation and expanding of research into new areas, while neoclassic archetypes were conversely dubbed as, supposedly “old-fashioned.” In this context, a review article aims at breaking with such dogma, rejuvenating prior knowledge, and contextualizing it in current time. Hence, this research focus on a seminal framework, the well-known Uppsala Model, purposively selected as being an exception, as it keeps capturing the interest of scholars and is still one of the most cited frameworks in this area. Thus, a theoretical review addresses the evolution of the model in the aftermath of more than 40 years of research, and contextualizes it within the state-of-the-art of internationalization-related theories. An integrative review process is applied to a purposeful selection of descending frameworks of the model, circumscribed to the last decade (2009–2019). An enduring utility is positively observed, grounded on a reactive adaption purpose. In parallel, a shift is assisted from the neoclassic paradigm to a behavioral paradigm pillared on a capability-building logic for the adaption toward volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous environments. This led to the extension of the Uppsala paradigm from a pure internationalization process model to enter the realm of the international capabilization framework.
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Moon, Gun-Doo, Kyoung-Jae Kim, and Ho-Yeon Park. "ESG Research Trends in Korea Using Social Network Analysis and Topic Modeling." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.6.202212.273.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to derive ESG-related trends covered in academic papers and newspaper articles through social network analysis and topic modeling. Design/Methodology/Approach – We used the data of 249 academic journals and 16,232 press articles for analysis. Findings – The results of this study show trends from various perspectives by analyzing papers and articles separately. Accordingly, it was confirmed that domestic ESG research is gradually expanding from social responsibility to environmental obligations. Research Implications – This study is meaningful in that the overall domestic trends in ESG management, a strategy for sustainable management in this era, were identified separately from academic studies and articles. It is effective in sharing the general knowledge of companies, and through the results, future complementary points for corporate competitiveness can also be discussed. It can also be referred to as basic data to identify and understand domestic ESG research topics, and to develop insights and directions for follow-up studies in sustainable management studies.
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Struberga, S. "CHINA-CEEC COOPERATION IN EDUCATION AND SCIENCE: DO MUTUAL PERCEPTIONS AND POLITICAL CONTEXTS METTER?" Pedagogical education: theory and practice. Psychology. Pedagogy 1, no. 37 (2022): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2409.2022.374.
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The “16+1” format has become one of the most debated regional collaboration frameworks developed within the “Belt and Road” Initiative (B&R). The format is still into the political agenda despite the fact that some of the Eastern European countries have questioned its reasonability since other are ready to continue expanding opportunities for win-win relations. The scope of interactions within the mechanism is organized around 3 axes: trade, investment, and people-to-people exchanges. The latter promotes the facilitation of mutual trust, consolidation, intercultural understanding and the exchange of knowledge between the PRC and CEEC, where science and education sector is an important instrument, which is leading the promotion of people-to-people exchanges. The aim of the paper is to investigate student mobility and academic exchanges of tertiary education institutions as an instrument for promoting more extensive cooperation between CEEC and the PRC, taking into consideration the opportunities given by the work of the 16+1 format. Special attention is paid to describing the main challenges and prospects for collaboration in the fields of science and education with the emphasis on the different perceptions of threats caused by political context. The study is based on the analysis of existing research, statistics and data collected from 15 in-depth semi-structured interviews with people from the PRC and 5 CEEC countries involved in PRC-CEEC exchanges in 2019. Other 5 in-depth semi-structured interviews were done in 2021 in order to check the situation in cooperation during Covid-19 Pandemics as well as while taking in account political challenges, which the format 16+1 is facing.
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Romanenko, Nadezhda Yu. "ECONOMIC CONSCIOUSNESS AS A MECHANISM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 5, no. 12 (2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.12.05.001.
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In modern realities, physical and mental activity come to the fore, allowing the entrepreneur to maximize the use of available resources, both his own and those presented by the environment. Only in the presence of these psychological characteristics, the leader is able to manifest an ontological essence that allows him to achieve high efficiency of the subordinate team. The article substantiates the need to understand that economic consciousness is not a substance di-vorced from the world and everything earthly. On the contrary, the principles of clarity, comprehensibility, and objectivity should be laid at the basis of economic thought in any of its manifestations. Professionalism in entrepreneurial activity must be based on universal standards. No one has canceled the originality and creativity of thinking, and it is they who become the basis of modern economic thinking. But completely ignoring the spiritual foundations, traditions or opposing their ac-tivities to them is fraught with transition (as Darth Vader said) “on the dark side of economic consciousness”. Separately, the author highlights such a concept as the ethics of an entrepreneur, determined by the norms and standards of a cultural society. The development of economic thinking of any person is impossible without practice. One theory or even simulators, simulators can not do. Consciousness and thinking are formed only through active behavior. By expanding the range of interests in professional activity, a person is forced to learn new things, be-comes richer not only in educational or economic terms, but also morally and socially. Through active actions, there is the development of intelligence, the formation of experience and wisdom, the knowledge of the laws of society and being.
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Chumakova, T. V. "Infosphere and the Study of Religious Education in the Russian Empire." International Culture & Thechnology Studies 7, no. 2 (2022): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17586/2587-800x-2022-7-2-95-100.
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For humanitarians, the latest century was a period of active search for new methodological approaches. New informational technologies have expanded the capabilities of the human body; they have become “prostheses” expanding the perspectives of scholarly research. And it applies not only to data processing methods, but to the search for necessary research information as well. Thanks to digitized archives and research publications, which are located in virtual libraries, knowledge is coming into the infosphere. The concept of “infosphere”, that complemented a series of other “spheres”, such as “bibliosphere”, “noosphere”, etc, was introduced into the modern research vocabulary by Luciano Floridi. In the 1990-s, he stated that the emergence of new information systems means the onset of “the fourth revolution” and shaping the infosphere. But, in fact, the infosphere and the “virtual world” existed earlier; they appeared along with book collections. In this sense, we may talk about the infosphere in the context of the nineteenth century and even earlier epochs. The article sets issues of the reconstruction of the infosphere of the Orthodox educational institutions of the Russian Empire. The sources for such research include descriptions of book collections of seminaries and theological academies, the periodicals of those educational institutions, memories of teachers and students, and so on. The basis for the study of the infosphere of the Orthodox educational institutions is built on the numerous research works on the process of teaching in theological educational institutions, and on the history of their book collections. It is acceptable to talk about the infosphere of the Orthodox educational institutions of the Russian Empire in relation to virtual collections that are actively created in the Internet.
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Schultz, V. L., A. A. Grebenyuk, and I. S. Ashmanov. "Xeoretical and methodological problems of digital sociology." Moscow State University Bulletin. Series 18. Sociology and Political Science 28, no. 1 (May 20, 2022): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24290/1029-3736-2022-28-1-126-144.
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This article is devoted to the theoretical and methodological problems of conceptualizing a new branch of sociological knowledge — digital sociology. The transfer of various aspects of human life to the virtual space (to social networks and new media) has created a number of challenges for the classical social sciences that have never been faced before. The main one is the assessment of the impact of social processes taking place in virtual space on the reality around us. Today, the phenomena emerging on the Internet are invading our “physical” world with increasing intensity, the so-called “real virtuality” is being formed. At the same time, an important aspect is the reverse effect on the virtual world of the processes taking place in social reality.The response to the virtualization of social life was the emergence of a new branch of sociological science — digital sociology. Having originated in the mid-2000s, it is actively developing: the problem Jeld is being clarified, its subject is being concretized, and the methodological toolkit is expanding. At the same time, there are also problems, “bottlenecks” that require comprehension and scientific overcoming.Within the framework of this scientific article, the processes of virtualization of public life, the essence and features of an electronic social network account are considered, the author’s definition of digital sociology is formed, the methodological toolkit is characterized, and the advantages and challenges of digital sociology are identified.
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Ambrosino, Luca, Michael Tangherlini, Chiara Colantuono, Alfonso Esposito, Mara Sangiovanni, Marco Miralto, Clementina Sansone, and Maria Luisa Chiusano. "Bioinformatics for Marine Products: An Overview of Resources, Bottlenecks, and Perspectives." Marine Drugs 17, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17100576.
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The sea represents a major source of biodiversity. It exhibits many different ecosystems in a huge variety of environmental conditions where marine organisms have evolved with extensive diversification of structures and functions, making the marine environment a treasure trove of molecules with potential for biotechnological applications and innovation in many different areas. Rapid progress of the omics sciences has revealed novel opportunities to advance the knowledge of biological systems, paving the way for an unprecedented revolution in the field and expanding marine research from model organisms to an increasing number of marine species. Multi-level approaches based on molecular investigations at genomic, metagenomic, transcriptomic, metatranscriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels are essential to discover marine resources and further explore key molecular processes involved in their production and action. As a consequence, omics approaches, accompanied by the associated bioinformatic resources and computational tools for molecular analyses and modeling, are boosting the rapid advancement of biotechnologies. In this review, we provide an overview of the most relevant bioinformatic resources and major approaches, highlighting perspectives and bottlenecks for an appropriate exploitation of these opportunities for biotechnology applications from marine resources.
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Daniels, Peter L. "Technology revolutions and social development." International Journal of Social Economics 32, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 454–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03068290510591290.
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PurposeAims to assess the potential for a broad “green” technoeconomic paradigm (TEP) to effectively achieve and sustain higher levels of welfare from economic and environmental sources in manylower income countries (LIC). A green TEP comprises a new socioeconomic system based upon a set of inter‐related technologies that increase human welfare, but focus upon saving material, energy and other environmental resources. TEPs have pervasive social and economic effects that include substantial productivity, trade competitiveness, and environmental quality advantages. The desirability of such economic change must incorporate the general approach of social economics and alternative notions of well‐being.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is largely discursive in nature and provides a systematic identification of the LIC conditions that are likely to promote, and benefit from, the pervasive adoption of material‐ and energy‐saving technologies. Some results of an exploratory cross‐country study of the empirical link between technology capability and the human development index (HDI) are utilized in the discussion.FindingsThe paper concludes that a green TEP may well provide a viable alternative development approach in the LICs. The main advantages are derived from related resource efficiency gains and reductions in the socioeconomic metabolism, and the benefits of a relative production factor shift toward labor (and away from materials, energy, and environment‐intensive capital). The potential for LICs is also facilitated by the positive spillovers and decreasing cost of green TEP‐related knowledge and technology diffusion in the expanding, decentralizing global communication network. The higher income nations would need to play a significant role in this process.Originality/valueEcological modernisation and material and energy‐saving technologies are widely viewed as essential for achieving long‐term economic and social well‐being improvements in the twenty‐first century and beyond. Discussion of this promising approach typically assumes that this transformation is only viable in the technological and economic context of the higher income nations. However, this paper provides a detailed case for the strategic encouragement and adoption of a green TEP for sustainable economic development and environmental conditions in LICs.