Journal articles on the topic '280108 Expanding knowledge in economics'
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Chuang, Elizabeth. "Expanding Medical Student and Resident Knowledge of Health Economics, Policy, and Management." Academic Medicine 86, no. 11 (November 2011): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e318231e122.
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Nidhi Tiwari. "Indian Higher Education Policy, Practice and Economics." Social Science Journal for Advanced Research 2, no. 4 (July 30, 2022): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54741/ssjar.2.4.1.
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Education has a significant impact on economic growth since it boosts productivity and hence raises the country's gross domestic product. Higher education is becoming increasingly important in policymaking because of the growing value of knowledge in the growth process. Through its research and development (R&D) operations, higher education plays a significant role in the creation of new knowledge and in the utilisation of knowledge that has been developed elsewhere. In many countries, governments and individuals/households have been expanding their investments in higher education, which has resulted in massification and eventually universalization of higher education. However, the most difficult task is to keep the country competitive while still providing an inexpensive and high-quality education to people from all walks of life. As a result of the affordability issue, the public sector plays an increasingly important role in funding postsecondary education.
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Lundmark, Erik, Anna Krzeminska, and Dean A. Shepherd. "Images of Entrepreneurship: Exploring Root Metaphors and Expanding Upon Them." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 43, no. 1 (November 1, 2017): 138–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042258717734369.
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Despite increasing recognition of the importance of metaphors to theory development, metaphors’ influence on entrepreneurship theorizing has been largely unexplored. This is problematic because a field’s metaphors shape its underlying assumptions. This study takes stock of the entrepreneurship field through its metaphors by analyzing a corpus of highly cited entrepreneurship articles. We identify and explain eight root metaphors for entrepreneurship—parenthood, mutagen, conduit of knowledge, method, mindset, networking, exploration, and politics—underpinning the mainstream of the field. We then extend and combine the metaphors to develop a research agenda for building on the metaphors and moving beyond them.
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J. Richardson, Alan. "The discovery of cumulative knowledge." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 563–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-08-2014-1808.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance for designing and generating cumulative knowledge based on qualitative research. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws on the philosophy of science and specific examples of qualitative studies in accounting that have claimed a cumulative contribution to knowledge to develop a taxonomy of theoretically justified approaches to generating cumulative knowledge from qualitative research. Findings The paper argues for a definition of cumulative knowledge that is inclusive of anti-realist research, i.e. knowledge is cumulative if it increases the extent and density of intertextual linkages in a field. It identifies the possibility of cumulative qualitative research based on extensions to the scope of the knowledge and the depth of the knowledge. Extensions to the scope of the knowledge may include expanding the time periods, context, and/or theoretical perspective used to explore a phenomenon. Extensions to the depth of the knowledge may include new empirical knowledge, methodological pluralism, theory elaboration, or analytic generalization. Individual studies can demonstrate their contribution to cumulative knowledge by locating their research within a typology/taxonomy that makes explicit the relationship of current research to past, and potential, research. Research limitations/implications The taxonomy may be useful to qualitative researchers designing and reporting research that will have impact on the literature. Social implications The increased use of research impact as an evaluation metric has the potential to handicap the development qualitative research which is often thought of as generating non-cumulative knowledge. The taxonomy and the strategies for establishing cumulative impact may provide a means for this approach to research to establish its importance as a contribution to knowledge. Originality/value The concept of cumulative knowledge has not been systematically applied to research based on qualitative methods.
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Lynch, William T., and Ellsworth R. Fuhrman. "Recovering and Expanding the Normative: Marx and the New Sociology of Scientific Knowledge." Science, Technology, & Human Values 16, no. 2 (April 1991): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016224399101600206.
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Hoxby, Caroline M., and Sarah Turner. "What High-Achieving Low-Income Students Know About College." American Economic Review 105, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20151027.
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Previous work demonstrates that low-income higher achievers fail to apply to selective colleges despite their being admitted at high rates and receiving financial aid so generous that they pay less than at non-selective schools. The Expanding College Opportunities project, a randomized controlled trial, provides individualized information about colleges' net prices, resources, curricula, students, and outcomes. Our prior study shows that the intervention raises students' applications to, admissions at, enrollment, and progress at selective colleges. Here we use survey data to show that it actually changes students' knowledge and decision-making. We highlight topics on which they are misinformed.
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Nosenzo, Daniele, and Luise Görges. "Measuring Social Norms in Economics: Why It Is Important and How It Is Done." Analyse & Kritik 42, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 285–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auk-2020-0012.
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Abstract Experimental economics offers new tools for the measurement of social norms. In this article, we argue that these advances have the potential to promote our understanding of human behavior in fundamental ways, by expanding our knowledge beyond what we learn by simply observing human behavior. We highlight how these advancements can inform not only economic and social theory, but also policymaking.We then describe and critically assess three approaches used in economics to measure social norms. We conclude our overview with a list of recommendations to help empirical researchers choose among the different tools, depending on the nature and constraints of their research projects.
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Bloom, Nicholas, John Van Reenen, and Heidi Williams. "A Toolkit of Policies to Promote Innovation." Journal of Economic Perspectives 33, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 163–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.33.3.163.
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Economic theory suggests that market economies are likely to underprovide innovation because of the public good nature of knowledge. Empirical evidence from the United States and other advanced economies supports this idea. We summarize the pros and cons of different policy instruments for promoting innovation and provide a basic “toolkit” describing which policies are most effective according to our reading of the evidence. In the short run, R&D tax credits and direct public funding seem the most productive, but in the longer run, increasing the supply of human capital (for example, relaxing immigration rules or expanding university STEM admissions) is likely more effective.
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Sedgley, Norman, and Bruce Elmslie. "THE DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF ENDOGENOUS GROWTH MODELS." Macroeconomic Dynamics 17, no. 5 (March 11, 2013): 1118–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100512000119.
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This paper explores the dynamics of semiendogenous versus fully endogenous growth models in “lab equipment” specifications of the models with expanding sectors. Capital is allowed to accumulate and is used, together with other inputs, to produce new knowledge. The stability of the steady state path is found to be determined by the inequality and/or knife-edge restrictions needed to produce steady state growth. This paper takes the ratio of the shadow price of capital to knowledge and the level of consumption as jump variables. Semiendogenous growth models lead to a 4 × 4 dynamic system where the sign of the coefficient matrix of the log linearized dynamic system is indefinite, leading to a potential for both stable and unstable equilibria. The knife-edge restrictions needed to generate policy influences on growth are shown to be restrictions that reduce the system to 3 × 3 with a positive definite coefficient matrix, thereby guaranteeing a globally stable equilibrium. Implications for empirical testing are addressed.
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Egharevba, Matthew Etinosa, Stephen Ikechukwu Ukenna, Igban Emmanuel, Isabella Ebelike Tamara-Ebiola, Ugbenu Oke, and Kasa Adamu Gayus. "Fashion Brand Involvement and Hedonic Consumption Antecedents in a Fast Expanding Market." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 20 (September 28, 2022): 154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2023.20.16.
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The observed intense competitive fashion market and the fragmented knowledge in fashion involvement which is largely skewed towards utilitarian dimension have combined to trigger this study. Accordingly, this paper seeks to unravel hedonic antecedents of fashion involvement and consumption in a fast-expanding market of a typical developing sub-Saharan African country context; and to posit a framework to guide private brand fashion consumer research in fast-expanding markets from developing country context. Data were collected through the aid of structured questionnaire from fashion consumers in top fashion outlets in Lagos metropolis. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was deployed to process data regarding hypothesized causal relationships using SmartPLS 2.0 software. Support was found for three hedonic drivers and support was not for one. Fashion belief was found as strong mediator between fashion involvement and fashion consumption. The study develops a theory that reflects hedonic drivers of fashion involvement by providing strategic insights for local fashion brand entrepreneurs, especially as they compete with established global brands. Theoretical and managerial implications of the findings were discussed.
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Scrieciu, S. Şerban, Nici Zimmermann, Zaid Chalabi, and Mike Davies. "Linking complexity economics and systems thinking, with illustrative discussions of urban sustainability." Cambridge Journal of Economics 45, no. 4 (June 16, 2021): 695–722. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/beab017.
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Abstract The expanding research of complexity economics has been signalling its preference for a formal quantitative investigation of diverse interactions between heterogeneous agents at the lower, micro-level resulting in emergent, realistic socioeconomic dynamics at the higher, macro-level. However, there is scarcity in research that explicitly links complexity perspectives in economics with the systems thinking literature, despite these being highly compatible, with strong connections and common historical traces. We aim to address this gap by exploring commonalities and differences between the two bodies of knowledge, seen particularly through an economics lens. We argue for a hybrid approach, in that agent-based complexity perspectives in economics could more closely connect to two main systems thinking attributes: a macroscopic approach to analytically capturing the complex dynamics of systems, and an inter-subjective interpretivist dimension, when investigating complex social-economic order. Illustrative discussions of city sustainability are provided, with an emphasis on decarbonisation and residential energy demand aspects.
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Devaux, Andre, Maximo Torero, Jason Donovan, and Douglas Horton. "Agricultural innovation and inclusive value-chain development: a review." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 8, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-06-2017-0065.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to take stock of the current state of knowledge about inclusive value-chain development (VCD) in the context of international agricultural research; and second, to draw out the implications for future research and action. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a review of recent research papers authored by professionals affiliated with international agricultural research centers and their partners in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Findings The studies reviewed in the paper identify the opportunities emerging from new and expanding markets for agricultural products and challenges to smallholder participation in these markets. It identifies key attributes of successful value-chain interventions, emphasizing the importance of combining value-chain approaches with other approaches, including those emerging from innovation systems and rural livelihoods frameworks. Methods are offered for evaluating complex value-chain interventions. Research limitations/implications The paper summarizes the state of knowledge as of early 2016 in a dynamic field. Important contributions to knowledge may have been made since then. Originality/value The paper summarizes the state of knowledge in the field, and identifies emerging issues and policy implications, knowledge gaps, and priorities for future applied research.
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Karki, Dipendra, Sashi Rana Magar, Niranjan Devkota, Seeprata Parajuli, and Udaya Raj Paudel. "Online Shopping in Kathmandu Valley: Users’ Knowledge, Challenges and Way Forward." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 73 (August 20, 2021): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.73.135.144.
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E-payment users are expanding all over the world as a result of globalization and improved ICT facilities. Nepal has a 63 percent internet penetration rate, with 3, 59, 12,019 people using mobile services. In order to identify issues and managerial solutions of online purchasing in the Kathmandu valley, for the study, a sample of 295 e-payment users was chosen. A descriptive data analysis was carried out using the survey method. The result revealed that 95 percent of users were aware of the use of an e-payment system in Kathmandu valley. 40.13 percent of users agreed that they faced challenges while using the e-payment system. Some of the major challenges are slow internet penetration, an ineffective legal framework, a low literacy rate, and traditional payment methods. Similarly, improving security, reinforcing government policies, providing adequate internet access, and promoting digital literacy can be used to address issues with the e-payment system. The findings revealed that while 95% of e-payment users are aware of online payment systems, there is still room for improvement for the remaining 5%.
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MAZUREK-ŁOPACIŃSKA, Krystyna, and Magdalena SOBOCIŃSKA. "CREATING MARKETING KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE CONSUMER IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNET TOOLS." Applied Computer Science 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/acs-2017-24.
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The aim of the article is to present marketing knowledge about the consumer as an enterprise resource and the role of marketing research in expanding it in the context of progressive virtualization of social life and the development of Internet tools. The current article was written on the basis of an in-depth literature study and an analysis of the selected results of quantitative research conducted in 2013 on a sample of 152 enterprises.
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Peng, Wen Li, Hai Ming Jin, and Xiao Wei Dong. "Methods of Shoes Style Creation Design." Advanced Materials Research 424-425 (January 2012): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.424-425.197.
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As the economics developing, the traditional design can not meet the changeable customers demand. So the research on methods of new products design becomes valuable. In this paper, the methods of shoes style creation design were discussed. On the base of knowledge, several kinds of methods were put forward to realize shoes style creation design, including exciting creation-intelligence encouragement, expanding creation thought and way, analyzing style, reverse design, series design by analogy and judgment and part modification, reference and association. And a standard for shoes style creation design was also raised. The research mentioned above offers a new thought of shoes style creation design.
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Vevere, Velga, and Arturs Mons. "Behavioural Economics in Higher Education Institution - Business Collaboration Paradigm in Context of Global Competition." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 02066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219202066.
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Research background: More than ever before governments, education institutions, industries, researchers and civilians are setting indebted attention to discover and learn more about behavioral science. The recent advancements in applying behavioral economics to the sphere of higher education show that building partnerships among educational institutions involves specific skills, strategies and knowledge that parties must know and use. Different industry representatives are scouting Higher Education Institutions for an ever-expanding set of innovation activities. Government invest more and more efforts to create innovative ecosystems where higher educational institutions are main stake holders in this special community between industries, corporations, governmental institutions, entrepreneurs and investors. The partnership involves adopting a management based on cooperation and change, communication and awareness of diversity. However, university-business cooperation is still a fragmented and indistinct field of research, and the understanding of UBC remains inadequate since most research is undertaken around specific elements, rather than as an encompassing, overarching and interconnected system Purpose of the article: To research the undergraduates’ appraisal of Higher Education Institution and Business collaboration. Methods: Expert interviews and undergraduate students’ survey using 7-point Likert scale questionnaire (non-probability snowball sampling method). Findings & Value added: Through evaluation of different statements about Higher Education Institution – Business collaboration, we discover distinctive statement importance and advancement according to respondent current views. This knowledge facilitates author’s capability to develop and advise nudges which can be applied in performance of such collaboration.
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Gorzeń-Mitka, Iwona. "THE EVOLUTION OF RISK MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE MAPS." Problems of Management in the 21st Century 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/10.33225/pmc/17.12.106.
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One of the leading trends in modern academic research is risk management. Over the years, the approach to risk management has changed and affected many different areas. This study aims to investigate changes in risk management and trends of risk management in the past 20 years. Risk management related publications from 1990 to 2016 were retrieved from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. VOS viewer software was used to analyse the research trend. Literature growth related to risk management is expanding rapidly. Significantly more publications related to risk management aspects were collected in Scopus, compared to the Web of Science. Since 2005 is to be noted a significantly increasing interest in risk management problems (nearly 5300 publications by year in Scopus database). Risk management problems mainly appearing in publications related to the fields of Medicine and Engineering, Business, Management and Accounting, Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Computer Science and Environmental Science. In Business, Management and Accounting a significant jump in the interest in the issues of risk management was noted in 2011. Recent studies focus on the enterprise risk management, environmental and industry management innovation in strong connection with risk assessment. The enterprise risk management associated with environmental and sustainable perspective may be the newest topics that should be closely followed in risk management research. Keywords: risk management, knowledge maps, network analysis.
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EISENBERG, REBECCA S. "Shifting institutional roles in biomedical innovation in a learning healthcare system." Journal of Institutional Economics 14, no. 6 (April 10, 2018): 1139–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137418000115.
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AbstractThe use of information technology in healthcare has accelerated progress toward the long-term goal of a learning healthcare system, in which data from prior clinical experience provides an ever-expanding resource to guide continuous improvements in health care. Although still in its early stages, the use of data from clinical experience to supplement data from premarket testing is changing the roles of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and public and private health insurers in healthcare innovation and technology assessment. It could change who decides what research questions to pursue, whose evidentiary standards decide what counts as actionable knowledge, and who pays the costs of research. The shape and direction of resulting changes will depend on which actors and institutions decide to step forward and claim a larger role in healthcare innovation in response to technological and regulatory change.
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Loayza, Erick, and Guido Miranda-Chumacero. "Monitoring native killifish in the La Paz metrópolis by citizen scientists: advantages and opportunities." Neotropical Hydrobiology and Aquatic Conservation 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2022): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55565/nhac.vcsf6445.
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The Metropolitan Region of La Paz (MRDLP) in Bolivia has grown with minimal planning, leading to major changes to the natural habitat. Currently, citizen science is becoming an important contributor of information on the biodiversity of urban areas. This study presents novel records of native Andean killifish (Orestias spp.) in the MRDLP obtained from the iNaturalist website, expanding its distribution and highlighting the important role of citizen participation as a tool to expand biodiversity knowledge and monitoring of ecosystems sensitive to climate change.
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Емельянова, Яна Борисовна. "NARROW READING AS A TOOL FOR MANAGING TRANSLATOR’S LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE." Pedagogical Review, no. 2(42) (April 8, 2022): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6127-2022-2-92-104.
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Рассматривается вопрос самостоятельной подготовки переводчика к профессиональной деятельности, в частности расширения своих языковых знаний и обеспечения аутентичности речи на иностранном языке в рамках определенной предметной области. В качестве эффективного инструмента достижения данной цели предлагается использовать узкоспециализированное чтение.Обосновывается актуальность использования узкоспециализированного чтения в обозначенном контексте: оно обеспечивает выход на предпочтительный для носителей языка способ описания конкретного фрагмента действительности, способствует формированию прочного всестороннего знания новых языковых средств и развитию способности самостоятельного конструирования знания иностранного языка.Определены условия, обеспечивающие успешность использования узкоспециализированного чтения для достижения поставленных целей: 1) понимание характера языковых средств, обеспечивающих аутентичность речи; 2) умение замечать языковые средства, обеспечивающие аутентичную речь в рамках определенной тематики и 3) умение адекватно их использовать в своей речи. Описан алгоритм формирования знаний, навыков и умений, необходимых при работе с узкоспециализированным чтением, который может быть реализован на занятиях по практике иностранного языка на программах подготовки переводчиков. Professional translators should be able to effectively manage their linguistic knowledge to meet their professional needs. This involves not only acquiring relevant terminology in a particular area, but also the means of expression specific to this subject field, thus ensuring nativelike speech in a foreign language. The article posits that one of the tools which can be successfully used to achieve this goal is narrow reading. The benefits of using narrow reading by translators to expand their linguistic knowledge can be justified by its ability to: 1) highlight the preferred ways of expressing certain ideas, conveying meanings and describing situations used by native speakers; 2) ensure comprehensive knowledge and long-term retention of new vocabulary; 3) encourage the process of constructing knowledge of a foreign language. It has been concluded that the effectiveness of using narrow reading for achieving the above-mentioned aims depends on the following factors: 1) awareness of the types of linguistic means which ensure nativelike speech; 2) the ability to notice means of expression specific to a particular subject field used by native speakers to convey specific ideas and meanings; 3) the ability to adequately use these linguistic means when speaking a foreign language. The article describes an algorithm for developing the knowledge and skills required to effectively use narrow reading for expanding students’ linguistic knowledge and ensure nativelike speech in a particular subject area. It can be used as part of an English language course in an undergraduate degree in translation and interpreting. The algorithm proved to be an an effective tool for achieving the above-mentioned goals.
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Koefoed, Oleg. "Urban nature as transformed practice – A case of multi-dimensional processing to increase public value in Copenhagen." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 34, no. 6 (September 2019): 525–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269094219882670.
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Expanding participatory and network-centred engagement in urban nature, aiming at collective action and long-term benefits is a complex balance act. This article discusses a case in Copenhagen, Denmark, where the aim has been: (a) build active collaboration of actors engaging in improving urban nature (NaTur i Byen); (b) strengthen dialogue among land owners, public bodies, research, and entrepreneurship to pave the road for collaborative actions; and (c) develop new models for ecological and economic benefits in the long run. An analysis of the first phase of the project is carried out, using a multi-dimensional model. It shows that relations were developing, but a stronger set of aesthetic and knowledge sharing tools giving primacy to place could strengthen impact towards practical actions. The article discusses how such primacy of place and aesthetics could lead to an impact on urban nature, more focus on biodiversity, green spaces, and other climate change-related benefits for urban sustainability. A process model is suggested for improved public value and creation and governance of urban nature-based solutions.
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Araujo, Marcos Vinícius, Grégory Lo Monaco, and Kelly Lissandra Bruch. "Social Mobility and the Social Representation of Sparkling Wine in Brazil and France." Wine Economics and Policy 10, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/wep-8873.
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Wine is a social object, established in the Old World and later migrated to the New World. Champagne is an internationally important and famous French sparkling wine, significantly present worldwide. Brazil, a New-World wine producer, has a recent but expanding history of sparkling wine production and consumption. As to its social aspect, this product has different representations and roles in both these countries. Therefore, this study aims to understand how culture and social status influence the organization of social representations associated with sparkling wines in Brazil and France. Thus, we used the Social Representation approach, a theory of knowledge and communication. For content collection, we carried out a verbal association task. Two hundred and thirteen Brazilians and one hundred ninety-eight French participants provided the first four words which came to mind after hearing four inducted words. The verbal associations were categorized using semantic contextualization. Then, we performed a Correspondence Factor Analysis. The results supported our hypothesis that culture, social status, and social origins all influence social representations associated with sparkling wine, revealing this kind of wine to be a product of social distinction and affluence.
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Yaprakli, Sevda, and Erdemalp Ozden. "The Effect of Sustainable Development on Economic Complexity in OECD Countries." International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 51–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.7949.
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Economic complexity showing a holistic measure of countries' economic productive power and characteristics has become a new tool for understanding the dynamics of the economy. Examining the relationship between sustainable development and this new tool is vital in determining new policies. By applying panel data of OECD countries covering different development levels from 1996 to 2017 to a data-driven dynamic econometric model, the research provides fresh insight between sustainable development and economic complexity. The results indicate that economic complexity is significantly affected by sustainable developments’ economic indicators such as GDP, FDI, R&D expenditure, social indicators such as human development, income inequality, and environmental indicators such as production-based CO2 emissions, renewable energy consumption, and greenhouse gas. The research, consequently, suggests that switching to technology and knowledge-based production processes, expanding qualified production factor capacity, raising social living standards, and making investments in the green economy will foster economic complexity while ensuring stable sustainability.
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Le, Nga, Wim Groot, Sonila M. Tomini, and Florian Tomini. "Effects of health insurance on labour supply: a systematic review." International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 717–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-02-2018-0038.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of empirical evidence on the labour market effects of health insurance from the supply side. Design/methodology/approach The study covers the largest peer-reviewed and working paper databases for labour economics and health studies. These include Web of Science, Google Scholar, Pubmed and the most popular economics working paper sources such as NBER, ECONSTOR, IDEAS, IZA, SSRN, World Bank Working Paper Series. The authors follow the PRISMA 2009 protocol for systematic reviews. Findings The collection includes 63 studies. The outcomes of interest are the number of hours worked, the probability of employment, self-employment and the level of economic formalisation. The authors find that the current literature is vastly concentrated on the USA. Spousal coverage in the USA is associated with reduced labour supply of secondary earners. The effect of Medicaid in the USA on the labour supply of its recipients is ambiguous. The employment-coverage link is an important determinant of the labour supply of people with health problems and self-employment decisions. Universal coverage may create either an incentive or a disincentive to work depending on the design of the system. Finally, evidence on the relationship between health insurance and the level of economic formalisation in developing countries is fragmented and limited. Practical implications This study reviews the existing literature on the labour market effects of health insurance from the supply side. The authors find a large knowledge gap in emerging economies where health coverage is expanding. The authors also highlight important literature gaps that need to be filled in different themes of the topic. Originality/value This is the first systematic review on the topic which is becoming increasingly relevant for policy makers in developing countries where health coverage is expanding.
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Zaçellari, Manjola Lumani, and Lediana Beshaj. "Creative Ways of Enhancing Foreign Language Linguistic and Cultural Skills for the Students of Economics." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 13, no. 5 (September 1, 2022): 916–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1305.03.
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This study aims to bring to attention the importance of providing creative ideas on how to enhance the foreign language linguistic skills especially for the student of economics, expanding intercultural awareness and knowledge in business and some tailored made exercises which would come to help in this specific study program. Albanian people who speak English are increasing day by day, but most of them show deficiency in their English when it comes to using it in their profession, in regard to their area of expertise. Most of the Albanians learn English at school, then at university level they learn English for specific purpose. Therefore, the universities must make an effort into providing the students with the right textbook (from all the available ones existing in the market), to be used in their tertiary level of studies. This would facilitate the learning process for the students because they will learn and expand their vocabulary in the area they are actually majoring in. Adopting and by making use of the right book, it will enable and promote the use of creative ideas. Technology and multilingualism are ruling over and in the context of a globalized world, specialized languages flourish at an extremely fast pace, and creativity becomes a necessary instrument in the ESP classroom. In Albania, almost all the study programs have English as a mandatory course for the whole academic year and most of the universities offer it in the first and second year of Bachelor level.
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Efremova, Nadezhda F., Besarion Ch Meskhi, and Svetlana V. Shvedova. "LA QUALITY ASSURANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION." Journal of Supranational Policies of Education (JoSPoE), no. 10 (July 10, 2020): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/jospoe2019.10.003.
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The article provides information on problems of the education internationalization, the basic principles of integration of higher education and programmes aimed at ensuring the quality of training in European and Eurasian educational spaces. Particular attention is paid to existing approaches to guarantee the quality of higher education and the formation of quality assessment systems at the international, national and regional levels to create the conditions for relevant quality management of education. The construction of an effective system for ensuring and assessing the quality of education in many countries of the world, including Russia, is one of the priorities of the national educational policy. This article is aimed at expanding knowledge about the integration processes in the field of education by using new teaching technologies, research and debates on topics related to the history, politics, economics and legislation of the European Union, as well as EU relations with other regions of the world.
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Kutsyk, Petro, Bohdan Shevchyk, and Olena Perepolkina. "ECONOMICS AS CULTURE: SYNERGY OF ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 7, no. 5 (December 27, 2021): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2021-7-5-243-249.
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Economic systems are viewed as sociocultural phenomena of an ontological order. The hypothesis of a trialectic-dual and attractional-level nature of the implementation of cultural-paternalistic projects in the institutional sphere of economic relations is put forward. Attractive high-order noumena shape/define lower-order phenomena in paternal practices of economics. Attractive space is a bipolar space of regression. The algorithm of the actualization of the noumenon into a phenomenon is a triadic structure: axiological narrative -> paradigmatic project -> praxiological pattern. Each paternal project is realized by means of a trialectical mechanism: organizational pattern -> amplifier/intensifier pattern -> homeostatic pattern. The configurations of the paternal triads of the economic system manifest themselves in a quadra of hierarchical levels: micro-, meso-, macro- and mega-levels. The micro-level represents the basic paternal business triads; the meso-level represents the trialectic configurations of state structure; the macro-level represents the paternal trialectic of sociocultural fluctuations of economic systems; the mega-level represents the trialectic of the projects of the cultural dominant paradigm. The seven-phase cycle of sociocultural dynamics in the paradigmatic-father plane of static and economic efficiency at the macro- and mega-levels of civilization "West" is considered. A notion of the formation of a nooeconomy of ideative type culture was created, in which human cognitive abilities will act as the main economic evolutionary resource, and knowledge workers as carriers of the ideative cultural mentality will be the meritocratic social class. The concept of the sixth technological structure of NBIS-convergence is seen as the first phase of the culture of the ideological type of cognitive economic systems. The noosphere is interpreted as an attraction-fluctuation manifestation of the phase of transition to the ideative cycle of cultural development by the paternal matrix of the cognitive resources of the dominant culture's core. The added value of cognitive resources within the marginal cost of intellectual capital will lie in the expanding potential of the filter of individual consciousness to unpack the compressed meanings of the semantic vacuum and create texts - innovative and paradigmatic projects of expanded opportunities for life enrichment based on the ontological novelty noumenon-concept of the highest measure of reference and mediator-marker in institutional advanced evolutionary space as cognitive strategic resources of the “advantage of immaturity”.
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Dinc, Yusuf. "Product development in Islamic finance and banking in secular economies." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 9 (March 23, 2020): 1665–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-06-2019-0106.
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Purpose As the global paradigm in economics shifts, Islamic economics is attracting more attention as an alternative sector. The most common and most active institutional structure of Islamic economics is in the form of Islamic finance and banking. Islamic finance and banking have been the centre of innovation in many economies in recent years. In this regard, product development is a vital element in driving the success of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). The product development of IFIs is one of the key elements of their overall economic performance. This study aims to fill the gap in the literature concerning the product development process of IFIs in secular economies. Design/methodology/approach Verily, product development is a complex process; it is likely that introducing specific models will be useful for expanding the activities of IFIs. In this study, contemporary source materials are used to develop this conceptual research. Findings It suggests two separate methodologies for the product development process of IFIs in secular economies to overhaul two criticised product-based problems. To the best of the author’s knowledge, it is the first attempt to model the product development process for IFIs in a secular economic setup. Originality/value Recently, this study is the first attempt for modelling product development in IFIs under secular economies. Advances in the field of Shari’ah-compliant product development is important for researchers and professional.
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Gato, Mafalda, Álvaro Dias, Leandro Pereira, Renato Lopes da Costa, and Rui Gonçalves. "Marketing Communication and Creative Tourism: An Analysis of the Local Destination Management Organization." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8010040.
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Delivering a positive tourism experience is an expanding concern of destinations because of the growth of the tourism industry. The emergence of creative tourism has led to a continued necessity for local destination management organizations to pursue innovative and versatile strategies. This study aims to evaluate the organizational capabilities of local destination management organizations to promote a creative tourism context and develop related activities. The conceptual model was tested using a mixed-methods approach, combining a focus group with local destination management organizations with a quantitative study using multivariate statistical analysis through structural equational modeling. The findings showed that local destination management organizations ought to prioritize organizational culture by coordinating learning and effective knowledge training to strengthen marketing communication capabilities while focusing on potentiating their resources to develop the destination by implementing a local creative tourism destination, thereby generating value for a greater creative tourism local destination where tourists play an active role.
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Pedrini, Matteo, Valentina Langella, and Mario Molteni. "Do entrepreneurial education programs impact the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention?" Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 11, no. 03 (July 10, 2017): 373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-12-2016-0043.
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Purpose Since the number of Entrepreneur Education Programs (EEPs) is constantly increasing, there is an ongoing debate on their effectiveness on entrepreneurial intention, but mixed results were found. This paper aims to analyse the impact of an EEP on the antecedents of the entrepreneurial intention in Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Following the theory of planned behaviour, we analysed the impact of the EEP on 30 participants of the “E4impact MBA” managed in Accra (Ghana), using an explanatory approach with a mixed-method quasi-experimental design featuring pre and post-testing as well as methods for measuring students’ self-perceived change. Findings Results show that EEPs strongly and positively affect some physiological characteristics, skills, and knowledge of participants, which are antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions. Originality/value The study offers a perspective of EEPs programs in a fast-expanding market, covering the lack of studies on entrepreneurship in these areas, and it is focus on a post-graduate program covering the lacks of studies on these level of education.
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Pietersen, Charlotte. "Organizational culture: a foundational perspective." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 8, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-06-2016-0085.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to perform a typological analysis of research orientations in the field of organizational culture (OC) in order to provide a broad, original perspective on the nature of research in this field, beyond the current quantitative/qualitative dichotomy. Design/methodology/approach Documentary analysis, consisting of a content analysis of an appropriate and conceptually convenient selection of 200 source publications, was conducted. The analysis was performed in terms of four fundamental knowledge orientations and methodologies. Findings An analysis and description of the chosen set of examples for each of the four types of knowledge showed that, as with other areas in the field of organizational behavior and management (and also other scholarly disciplines), the typology finds clear expression in the area of OC. Research limitations/implications In view of the aim and originality of the present paper, the sample size employed is not a worrying factor as sufficient and clear examples of each of the four basic types of research orientations have been provided. It is recommended that the broadly applicable knowledge (and by implication research) orientations that were introduced here, be considered by OC researchers. The analysis of fundamental approaches to research provides an inclusive perspective on the nature of different ways of studying and understanding OC. This should assist in expanding both scholarly and practitioner horizons. It is concluded that the analysis of research in the field of OC in terms of fundamental types of human knowledge provides a unique and expanded view on research in this area. Practical implications All stakeholders in the field of human resource management could benefit from taking cognizance of a broader perspective of knowledge development in the field of OC. The four-fold framework could also be utilized as a valuable source for restructuring and teaching of research methodology programs and courses in institutions of higher education, especially concerning the general need for greater attention to: theoretical (type I), and evaluation (type IV) research in management and organizational behavior. Originality/value The analysis of fundamental knowledge orientations provides an original and encompassing perspective on the nature of different approaches to the study and understanding of OC.
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Sundstrom, Beth, Laura A. Carr, Andrea L. DeMaria, Jeffrey E. Korte, Susan C. Modesitt, and Jennifer Young Pierce. "Protecting the Next Generation." Social Marketing Quarterly 21, no. 3 (August 6, 2015): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500415598984.
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This study guides social marketing campaigns to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young women by elaborating the health belief model (HBM). A self-administered, anonymous, web-based questionnaire was e-mailed to all entering female college students at a large, public university in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Findings elaborate the HBM constructs of perceived threat, benefits, barriers, and cues to action. Almost all participants had heard about the HPV vaccine and the majority of first-year students had received at least one shot in the vaccination series. Results expand understandings of perceived threat in relation to the HPV vaccine by explicating misinformation and knowledge gaps. Participants indicated that parents and physicians were their most trusted sources of vaccine information. Television and Internet cues to action were negatively associated with HPV vaccination among these women. Structural equation modeling results affirmed the HBM’s fit (comparative fit index = 0.935, normative fit index = 0.921, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.077). This finding suggests the importance of multimodal sources of information, expanding the dichotomous internal and external cues to action. Perceptions of vaccine safety remained a significant barrier to the uptake of HPV vaccination among participants. Racial disparities between White and non-White students could have a considerable impact on the established inequality in HPV vaccination rates in the United States. Results inform future social marketing campaign messages and strategies based on the HBM.
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Dallimore, Elise J., and Tasha J. Souza. "Consulting Course Design: Theoretical Frameworks and Pedagogical Strategies." Business Communication Quarterly 65, no. 4 (December 2002): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056990206500408.
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Educators need to be more proactive in expanding course offerings to respond to the academic needs of university students. Draum by excellent pay and prospects of gaining valuable experience, more college graduates are pursuing employment in consulting. With consulting skills growing in importance for many of our students in the 21st century, business communication scholars are particularly well posi tioned to help students develop these requisite skills and knowledge. Offering a course dedicated to the topic of consulting, or including consulting experience in a standard business communication course prepares students for engaging in consult ing activities, including research, assessment, training and development, facilita tion, and evaluation. Our course foregrounds instructional frameworks and serv ice learning to assist students in systematically assessing organizational problems and designing and implementing organizational interventions.
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Shukla, Shivam, Asha Ram Tripathi, Sudhir Kumar Shukla, and Akshita Shukla. "The Impact of Self-Serving Bias on Selection of Stocks by Retail Investors in Equity Market: A Study of the Urban Middle Class of India." European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, no. 3 (May 3, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.3.1400.
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The field of standard finance states that an equity market investor acts as a judicious individual who is capable of dealing with all forms of data in a fair-minded way. On the other hand, the rapidly evolving field of behavioral finance relies upon true experience expressing that any and every equity market investor has his own set of inclinations which most of the times are unreasonable. Thus, feelings and behaviour have assumed a significant position in the sort of investment decisions embraced by equity market investors. For quite a long time, financial therapists and social experts have stood up in opposition to the principles of standard finance and managerial economics, contending that individuals do not behave logically every time and it is asking for way too much to expect investors to become utility-expanding players in a market which is not efficient in reality. The area of knowledge called as behavioural finance emerged in the early stages of 1970s in order to resolve such matters and collect a broad number of instances when individuals deliberately act "unreasonably."
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Todericiu, Ramona. "The Impact of Intellectual Capital on the SMEs Performance: A Study of the Romanian Central Region SMEs." Studies in Business and Economics 16, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 198–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2021-0016.
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Abstract The 21st century is the century of change and maybe one of the most important changes in the organizations’ life is the transition from focusing on the development of the tangible assets to the development of the intangible assets and the interest for attracting human resources capable to generate performance. The survival of many companies depends on their willingness and capacity to adapt to such changes. (Abdulaali, 2018) In this dynamic and complex economic system, the intangible assets of organizations become primary, being decisive for the organizations’ performance. In the new economic competition, intangible assets provide a sustainable competitive advantage, intellectual capital and intangible assets representing the key factor in company profitability and success. In the knowledge based society, intellectual capital has more value for organizations than tangible assets and knowledge becomes a permanent source of competitiveness (Bhatti, Zaheer, 2014). It is considered by specialists a valuable and strategic resource, since the success of organizations depends on creating, discovering, storing, disseminating, measuring and developing knowledge. The main objective of the research presented in this paper is to offer an overview on the specific problems and needs of the entrepreneurs financed through the Romania Start-up Plus programme, part of Start-UP Hub: The Entrepreneurs Laboratory Cod SIMS: 105648. A primary target of this research is to examine the components of intellectual capital and the way in which the intellectual capital influences the small business performance. The majority of the researchers agree that intellectual capital is directly connected to the performance of the SMEs sector. The results of our analysis shows the fact that intangible assets influence business development in various ways, such as increasing competitive advantage, expanding employee competency and improving organizational performance.
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Caldwell, Jennifer A., Christopher K. Williams, Margaret C. Brittingham, and Thomas J. Maier. "A Consideration of Wildlife in the Benefit-Costs of Hydraulic Fracturing: Expanding to an E3 Analysis." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 17, 2022): 4811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084811.
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High-volume hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) for natural gas in the Marcellus Shale (underlying about 24 mil ha in New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Ohio, and Virginia) has become a politically charged issue, primarily because of concerns about drinking water safety and human health. This paper examines fracking in the Marcellus region, and the tradeoffs between the energy and economic potential of natural gas extraction and the environmental impacts on wildlife. Therefore, we introduce a new E3 analysis that combines the costs and benefits as regards energy, economics, and the environment. The Marcellus Shale has the most proven reserves of natural gas of any basin in the United States, at 129 trillion cubic feet. Income from natural gas development comes primarily from direct and indirect jobs, and induced jobs (those created when direct workers spend their earnings in a community), taxes and fees, and royalty and lease payments to rights holders. Fracking, however, has detrimental effects on wildlife and wildlife habitats. Terrestrial habitat effects are primarily due to landscape fragmentation from the clearing of land for pipeline and well pad development, which often removes mature forest and creates open corridors and edge habitats. An increase in forest edge and open corridors is associated with shifts in the bird community, as generalist species that do well around people increase in abundance, while forest specialists decline. Invasive plants associated with disturbance further degrade forest habitats. Aquatic habitats are also affected, both directly and indirectly. Hydraulic fracturing requires up to 20 mil L of water per well fracture, most of which comes from surface water sources in the Marcellus region. The removal of water, especially in smaller headwaters, can increase sedimentation, alter water temperature and change its chemistry, resulting in reductions in aquatic biodiversity. Given the reality that hydraulic fracturing will continue, there is a need to develop practices that best minimize negative impacts on terrestrial and aquatic habitats, as well as policies and the resolve to enforce these practices. To achieve a more sustainable balance between economic, energy, and environmental costs and benefits, we recommend that industry, scientists, non-governmental organizations, mineral rights holders, landowners, and regulators work together to develop a set of best management practices that represent the best knowledge available.
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Shala, Venet, Shaip Bytyçi, and Patrik Dodaj. "The role of innovation in the growth of the company: A case of the emerging country." Journal of Governance and Regulation 10, no. 4 (2021): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgrv10i4art16.
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Major technological changes, the development of management, and its functions have influenced companies to launch more and more innovative products and services every day, even if these are inventions or improvements in their specific products or services. Innovation is a difficult process, but very valuable and effective for achieving the intended results. Knowing that Kosovo has had a difficult history in the recent past, from this paper we can see that there has been a pretty good technological development and an increase in knowledge by managing quite well the knowledge that has served in the establishment level of service and production, attracting foreign investors, and thus influencing a better economic development thanks to innovations from the above factors. This study examines all types of innovation whether they are product or process and service including their forms which are incremental or marginal innovations and any other form related to innovation and in any form that has influenced or is expected to positively affect the performance of the organization. These conclusions could also be used for the purposes of any business plan analysis for opening a new business or expanding an existing business, comparing search results with current ones and new business expectations. Very little research has been done on the impact of innovation on the growth of firms in Kosovo, but this paper shows concretely this impact by understanding them closely through interviews conducted with firms
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Baño, Maria Mercedes, Sergio J. Chión, and Raúl H. Barriga. "The Intention of Indebtedness with a Credit Card, an Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (March 10, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2020-0019.
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The goal of this research is to study the factors that determine the intention of unsecured personal debt with credit cards using the Ajzen Planned Behavior Theory model (1991). Using the data of 450 Ecuadorian professionals and a model of structural equations estimated by partial least squares, the attitudes, subjective norms and perceived control that guide people towards the intention of this debt were identified. The importance of this study is its contribution to understanding the factors that determine the intention of personal indebtedness in emerging economies, expanding the study population to the professional sector. The transversal study has a quantitative design and its purpose is explanatory correlative. The hypothesis evidence and the results show that the Ajzen Planned Behavior Theory model (1991) is a predictive model of the intention to borrow by credit card in Ecuadorian professionals. The proposed model contributes with new individual and contextual factors that demonstrate the particular importance of knowledge of credit cards (CONTC), lifestyle (ESTV) and past behaviour (CPAS) in predicting the intention of debt (INTEND). Furthermore, due to the cultural characteristics of each region of Ecuador, the results are compared between the cities: Guayaquil (Costa) and Quito (Sierra).
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Gur, Furkan Amil, and Thomas Greckhamer. "Know Thy Enemy: A Review and Agenda for Research on Competitor Identification." Journal of Management 45, no. 5 (January 10, 2018): 2072–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206317744250.
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Competitor identification, a core element of competitive dynamics, has been of long-standing interest to researchers in management and related disciplines. This broad interest has resulted in various definitions and conceptualizations of competitor identification as well as various approaches to studying it, which impairs the integration of existing knowledge aimed at answering vital questions regarding its nature, processes, and implications. To help researchers confront the complexities underlying this phenomenon, we identify, review, and organize theory and research on competitor identification across the management, marketing, and industrial organization economics disciplines. Based on our review, we organize the identified literature into four perspectives on competitor identification labeled as industry-oriented, strategic groups–oriented, manager-oriented, and customer-oriented. For each of these perspectives, we also identify major research streams and these streams’ foci and contributions. Building on our review, we propose an agenda for future management research that addresses both unresolved debates in the reviewed literature and identifies new promising connections between competitor identification and specific areas of management theory and research. We organize this future research agenda into six main themes focusing on exploring the dynamics of competitor identification, building connections to research on interorganizational relations, building a practice and process perspective, expanding micro-oriented approaches, and exploring international and entrepreneurial dimensions of competitor identification.
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Bobrova, I. I., and E. G. Trofimov. "Prospects for the Development of the Present Stage of Higher School." Open Education 26, no. 5 (November 13, 2022): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2022-5-4-9.
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The aim of the study was the situation around the future of higher education in Russia. It did not take shape yesterday, but recent events in the world prompted a decision to reform the existing system. Someone is satisfied with the current (nominally) Bologna system, while others are happy for the good old specialist programme. The authors decided to express their point of view on this problem, since they do not care what education system they work in.The authors examined the history of the development of Russian higher education: from monarchical to modern periods. Each one was evaluated. Positive and negative trends are identified in the higher education system. We compared the Bologna system with a specialist programme.Based on many years of teaching experience at the university; after analyzing the open publications of colleagues, we can say, “what should and should not be” in the new system.With the development of new information technologies, the range of information services is expanding, conditions are being created for the formation of a single global information and educational space. The attractiveness of the remote form is determined by the follow- ing principles: flexibility; modularity; economic efficiency; control automation; use of specialized technologies and teaching aids (video conferencing; test shells; chats; attendance check blocks; automated rating systems, etc.). The positive experience of the last ten years is the use of electronic educational complexes within the disciplines being read. Conclusion, leave electronic complexes in the assortment of the teacher. At the same time, it is necessary to remember the negative consequences for education of the use of distance technologies: lack of contact between the student and the lecturer; lack of control over the quality of acquired knowledge; security of transmitted information between students and educators; the need for a strong technical base for participants in the educational process and their level of preparedness when working with new systems and programmes.Zero testing of applicants showed their lack of logical thinking skills, fragmentary knowledge and lack of consistency. Definitely, it is necessary to abandon the Unified State Exam system when recruiting applicants.There is an acute problem with some specialties: there is an over- abundance of managers, accountants, lawyers. At the same time, there is a shortage, for example, of IT specialists and engineers. It is necessary to coordinate the list of specialties for the training of such specialists who will be in demand in 5-10 years.Over the past twenty years, the number of hours per teaching position has increased from 720 to 900 hours, which, naturally, has reduced the time (and desire) for science. It is necessary to revive the system of retraining of Faculty, ensuring the modification of knowledge and applied technologies in the learning process. It is necessary to raise the prestige of the teaching profession, its motivation.The specialist has confirmed its viability. It is only necessary to supplement it with technologies that have proven their effectiveness. The proposals made will be reflected in the organization of further work as a lecturer of higher education.
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Jones, Ghangela, Cesar Escalante, and Hofner Rusiana. "Reconciling information gaps in organic farm borrowers’ dealings with farm lenders." Agricultural Finance Review 75, no. 4 (November 2, 2015): 469–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-01-2015-0002.
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Purpose – Organic outputs have been increasing at much lower rates than growth in consumer demand. Organic farmers’ debt aversion hinders them from obtaining business funds through borrowing. The purpose of this paper is to clarify that the farmers’ reluctance to use debt as a funding option can be more attributed to gaps in existing borrower-lender relationships, beyond sustainability principles. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical evidence collected from organic farmers and farm lenders establish differing expectations and perceptions that reinforce the organic farmers’ debt aversion. The farm lender survey data set was analyzed using the Heckman approach applied to two lenders’ decisions: their interest in lending to organic farm borrowers and loan amounts approved for successful loan applicants. The econometric results were reconciled with the compiled inputs provided by organic farmers interviewed. Findings – Results validate the farmers’ lower reliance on loans due to suspicions that lenders lack knowledge and consideration of organic farming conditions and principles. Farm lenders must depart from employing a uniform credit risk appraisal model and adopt borrower-specific versions of the model, but not necessarily delineating organic-conventional farming dichotomy that may not substantially affect credit risk measurement. Organic farms, on the other hand, need to better understand the credit risk appraisal principles and use their inherent business strengths to compete for loans with conventional farms without any special consideration. Practical implications – Borrower-lender relationships can improve if information gaps between lenders and borrowers can be minimized with more extensive outreach education efforts. Better relationships would increase organic farms’ credit access to effectively address an impending supply gap in an expanding industry. Originality/value – To the knowledge, a specific focus on organic farms in understanding farm borrower-lender relationships has never been explored in literature.
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Shirov, A. A., N. N. Sapova, E. S. Uzyakova, and R. M. Uzyakov. "Comprehensive Forecast of Demand for Inter-regional Rail Freight Transport." Economy of Region 17, no. 2 (June 2021): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-2-25.
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In the article “Comprehensive Forecast of Demand for Inter-regional Rail Freight Transport” by Alexander A. Shirov, Natalia N. Sapova, Elena S. Uzyakova, and Rafael M. Uzyakov, which appeared on pages 1–15 of the 1, 2021 issue, Vol. 17, the Acknowledgments section was omitted. In the online version of the paper the following text of the Acknowledgments section was added: Acknowledgments The article has been prepared with the support of a grant in the form of a subsidy for large scientific projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development in the framework of the subprogramme “Basic research for long-term development and ensuring the competitiveness of society and the state” of the state programme «Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation», the project “Social and Economic Development of Asiatic Russia on The Base of The Synergy of Transport Accessibility, Systemic Knowledge about Natural Resource Potential and Expanding Space of Interregional Interactions”, the agreement No. 075-15-2020-804 with the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (internal grant No. 13.1902.21.0016). This error does not affect the conclusions of the paper. The article has been corrected online.
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Nikitina, E., and N. Pozhilova. "Sustainable Development Governance in the Arctic." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 10 (2022): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-10-93-101.
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Sustainable development in the Arctic is based on formation of regime and mechanisms for enhancing the circumpolar regional cooperation of the rim-states and for diversification of interactions between stakeholders in implementation of 2030 sustainable development goals. Coordination and integration of their regional and domestic environmental and socio-economic priorities is a key for this endeavor. The success of innovative architecture for sustainability governance system depends to a high extent on scrupulous taking into account the specifics of the polar context, and growing interdependence with expanding involvement of the Arctic into the global economy. Effective regional instrument in this respect is the Arctic Council: the outcomes presented for its recent 25-year anniversary indicate that its focus on integrated scientific assessment of major trends and synergies between ongoing dynamic changes in fragile Arctic ecosystems and their consequences for transformations in socio-economic systems had produced unique results. Accumulated knowledge and practices are among the core foundations for multi-level decision-making process by its participants (arctic states, permanent participants, observers) for sustainability governance design and sustainability regime formation, benefiting at the same time the coordination of various approaches towards human responses to regional challenges. In fact the sustainable development agenda has been turning into a red thread across activities of the Arctic Council and its working groups, as well as within its innovative strategic planning up to 2030. Recent geopolitical drivers, however, might contribute to disintegration trends in the region, and negatively affect implementation of its sustainability strategy. So far, the Arctic Council is pausing all official meetings until further notice.
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Brodny, Jarosław, and Magdalena Tutak. "Assessing the Level of Innovation of Poland from the Perspective of Regions between 2010 and 2020." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 4 (October 17, 2022): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040190.
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The growing and expanding zone of the free-market economy results in increasing competition in the global market, which leads companies to seek and implement solutions that will give them a competitive advantage. The authorities of countries and regions are also increasingly involved in this process, seeing it as an opportunity to develop and build a knowledge-based economy. One of the main factors improving competitiveness and providing opportunities for development is innovation, particularly developed at the local level. For this reason, activities that support research and development of innovation at the regional level are increasingly appreciated and gain greater importance. This article refers to regional innovation in Poland by analyzing its level between 2010 and 2020. The basis of the analysis was 15 selected indicators characterizing three dimensions related to the innovative development of regions, namely innovative capacity, innovative position, and economic development. This assessment was regarded as a multi-criteria problem, for which the CODAS method was used. Its application made it possible to achieve the main objective of this paper, which was to determine the level of innovation of studied regions and, on this basis, to create their ranking. In addition, the evaluation of the level of innovation of the regions for each of the analyzed dimensions was also carried out, and the relationship between the level of economic development and the capacity and innovative position of the regions was specified. The measure for evaluating the level of innovation, for each case studied, was the value of the Hi index, taken as a synthetic measure of regional innovation. The results show that the level of innovation for the regions in Poland varies widely as a function of time as well as the location of these regions. Differences in the dynamics of change and different levels of development of the analyzed dimensions characterizing innovation are evident. The results provide new knowledge in the field of regional development and should be used when creating a regional development strategy for individual regions, Poland, and the EU.
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Thompson, Paul. "Consumer Credit Card Debt and Immigrants: A Cross-Sectional Study of U.K. Immigrants’ Financial Capability." American Journal of Economics 4, no. 2 (November 16, 2020): 18–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/aje.609.
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Purpose: This study examines the ubiquitous nature and high level of consumer debt associated with certain demographics, with a specific focus on immigrants in the U.K.
Methodology: A cross-sectional approach was deemed appropriate because the information used for analysis was based on specific points in time for the years 1995, 2000, and 2005. The sample method used was representative of all persons who were resident in Britain at multiple time points consistent to the waves of data collection. The sample used for this analysis was U.K. residents included in the BHPS during the years 1996, 2001, and 2006.
Findings: The results showed that individuals with higher levels of education acquired more debt compared to lesser educated people, that credit card debt increased the total consumer debt owed, and that larger households incurred more consumer debt.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The findings from this study may assist in positive social change by providing specific information to banks and lending institutions on how they can manage the credit This study might help in expanding the body of knowledge about the association of credit debt and immigrants in UK, which has received a growing interest among researchers in the field of finance, economics and ethnopolitics.
Keywords: Credit debt, Immigrants, Consumer behavior, ethnicity, financial inequality
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Allam, Zaheer, Houriiyah Tegally, and Meelan Thondoo. "Redefining the Use of Big Data in Urban Health for Increased Liveability in Smart Cities." Smart Cities 2, no. 2 (June 22, 2019): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities2020017.
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Policy decisions and urban governance are being influenced by an emergence of data from internet of things (IoT), which forms the backbone of Smart Cities, giving rise to Big Data which is processed and analyzed by Artificial Intelligence models at speeds unknown to mankind decades ago. This is providing new ways of understanding how well cities perform, both in terms of economics as well as in health. However, even though cities have been increasingly digitalized, accelerated by the concept of Smart Cities, the exploration of urban health has been limited by the interpretation of sensor data from IoT devices, omitting the inclusion of data from human anatomy and the emergence of biological data in various forms. This paper advances the need for expanding the concept of Big Data beyond infrastructure to include that of urban health through human anatomy; thus, providing a more cohesive set of data, which can lead to a better knowledge as to the relationship of people with the city and how this pertains to the thematic of urban health. Coupling both data forms will be key in supplementing the contemporary notion of Big Data for the pursuit of more contextualized, resilient, and sustainable Smart Cities, rendering more liveable fabrics, as outlined in the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 and the New Urban Agenda.
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Hammond, Grant T. "The State of Undergraduate Education in International Relations." Political Science Teacher 2, no. 1 (1989): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896082800000441.
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There can be no doubt about the increased attention focused on international relations. There is a need for, and interest in, undergraduate programs of instruction in the subject. Such initiatives are important to enable the U.S. to compete in the increasingly interdependent world of the 21st century. In the last few years, there have been a number of reports by various educational associations, task forces, panels and commissions all underscoring the need to do more in international studies and foreign language instruction. A number of colleges and universities have responded by changing curricula, starting new programs, and expanding existing ones. All this is admirable.Yet, it is possible to graduate from most colleges and universities in the country and know nothing about international relations. Students are woefully ignorant of world geography, recent world history, the importance of international economics in our daily lives, the circumstances in which the rest of the world lives, and how to communicate in another language. This situation is compounded by their lack of knowledge about different political systems and how they operate as well as the significance of many important political issues in the world today. We are in our education, if not our circumstances as a nation, essentially uninformed and isolationist towards other nations. Certainly this is a challenge to American undergraduate education.
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Ashwini, Kumar, and Briti Sundar Sil. "Impacts of Land Use and Land Cover Changes on Land Surface Temperature over Cachar Region, Northeast India—A Case Study." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 14087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114087.
Full textAbstract:
The promptness of industrialisation and expanding urbanisation to achieve targets of economics are resulting in the transfiguration of permeable surfaces into impervious ones through LULC adaptation, leaving a herculean footprint on the ecosystem. The LULC escalates land surface temperature (LST), which further stimulates urban heat islands (UHIs), ultimately remaining in tune with high levels of air pollution, energy use, and corresponding health hazards. The present evaluation first used Landsat TM/OLI satellite data to identify the labyrinth of the LULC rotation and, secondly, gauged its effects on the LST in the Cachar district of Assam, India, for the years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. It embraces Cellular Automata (CA) and GIS methodologies to pull out the urbanization pattern and its ramifications in various LULC brackets of Cachar, India. It also embraces spatiotemporal LULC monitoring (1990–2020) and urban growth modelling (2030–2040). From the period 1990 to 2020, satellite-based LULC showed a net urban expansion of 269.43 km2 (7.13% increase). Some correlations were developed to show the relationship between spatial indices such as NDVI, NDBI, and NDWI with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Resultantly, a positive relation exists between LST and NDBI, but a negative correlation prevails between LST and NDVI, as well as NDWI. This evaluation will be of service to urban and environmental planners, providing them with detailed knowledge on how land cover is changing uniquely in northeast India.
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Goncharova, K. S., and G. Shelomentsev. "The analysis of space category in economic studies." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 5 (September 19, 2022): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202252.
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Space is one of the key and controversial (in terms of content) categories in economics. It is assumed that the methodological basis of spatial development concept, and, correspondingly, the very concept of space itself are classical (mercantilism) and neoclassical (price theory) theories. However, until now the understanding of its nature and its role in creating and transforming modern socio-economic relations remains a debatable issue. The key method of analysis in this work is semantic analysis. The Authors attempt, on the one hand, to reveal a retrospective transformation of space concept, and on the other, to identify the key theoretical and methodological approaches to this phenomenon in modern research. The analysis results in a number of valuable findings. First, the authors identify a synthetic nature of concept evolution, which consists in a specific absorption of previously proposed models and space describing provisions. Secondly, the authors identify the main approaches to space study, for which the determining criterion is the nature of socio-economic relations formed by economic agents, and the processes that these agents implement in various spaces. Thirdly, the authors prove that modern concept of socio-economic space allows for a broader description of interactions of economic agents in translocation aspect. Thus, the scientific significance of the research consists in expanding knowledge approaches to defining the category of space, as well as its analysis in modern economic research.
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Corchuelo Martínez-Azúa, Beatriz, and Celia Sama-Berrocal. "Objectives of and Barriers to Innovation: How Do They Influence the Decision to Innovate?" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 3 (August 2, 2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030134.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the analysis of the innovation activity of agribusiness in Extremadura (Spain). Using as main variables the objectives of and barriers to innovation perceived by agri-food companies, its objective is threefold: (1) to analyse how the objectives of and barriers to innovation influence the companies’ willingness to innovate and competitiveness; (2) to investigate how innovation objectives (strategies) influence the type of innovation developed; (3) to study how barriers to innovation influence the demand for several public actions. The data used for this study were taken from an ad hoc questionnaire sent to agri-food companies from Extremadura during the months of February to April 2021. The results show the influence of the objectives and barriers on the variables analysed (willingness to innovate and competitiveness, types of innovation, and demand for government actions). Specifically, uncertainty and lack of knowledge are barriers that negatively influence the willingness to innovate. Innovative strategies aimed at reducing costs, respecting regulations and the environment, focusing on production and demand, and expanding the market have a positive influence both on the willingness to innovate and competitiveness. The types of innovation developed (product, process, commercial, organizational) were related to various innovative strategies based on the pursued objectives. Finally, evidence is provided by the barriers that lead companies to request specific actions from public administrations. These results may be useful both for managers of agri-food companies and for public administrations, especially at the regional level, in the design of public policies and actions aimed at encouraging innovation in this industry sector.