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Martynenko, Alexandr V., Yana A. Farnosova, and Anastasya E. Sheryshova. "Mathematic modeling of passenger air transport." Innotrans, no. 4 (2016): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2311-164x-2016-4-9-14.
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Profillidis, V., and G. Botzoris. "Air passenger transport and economic activity." Journal of Air Transport Management 49 (October 2015): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2015.07.002.
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Chakamera, Chengete, and Noleen M. Pisa. "Relationship between Air Passenger Transport, Tourism and Real Gross Domestic Product in Africa: A Longitudinal mediation analysis." African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 10(4), no. 10(4) (August 31, 2021): 1200–1214. http://dx.doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-157.
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This paper analysed the relationships between air passenger transport, tourism and real gross domestic product per capita (rGDPpc) in Africa. Mediation models were analysed using the structural equation modelling approach. This analysis determined the role of a mediator variable in the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Bi-directional positive relationships were found between air passenger transport and rGDPpc, tourism and rGDPpc, followed by air passenger transport and tourism. A certain proportion of air passenger transport’s total effect on rGDPpc was from increased tourism, and some of the rGDPpc’s total effect on air passenger transport were from increased tourism. A sizable effect of tourism on rGDPpc was derived from increased air passenger transport, and a larger portion of rGDPpc’s total effect on tourism was from increased air passenger transport. These percentages show the strength of the mediation (or indirect) paths. The findings imply that it is vital to consider harmonised or integrated policies that facilitate the linkages between air passenger transport, tourism and rGDPpc. Novel in this study, is the scrutiny of the interrelationships between air passenger transport, tourism and rGDPpc in Africa, using longitudinal mediation analysis.
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Moriarty, Patrick. "Global Passenger Transport." Encyclopedia 1, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1010018.
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Global passenger transport consists of all passenger travel by private and public road vehicles, rail passenger travel, air travel, and non-motorized travel. The vehicular travel component expanded an estimated 14-fold between 1950 and 2018, so that now it is not only a major energy user and CO2 emitter, but also the cause of a variety of other negative effects, especially in urban areas. Global transport in future will be increasingly subject to two contradictory forces. On the one hand, the vast present inequality in vehicular mobility between nations should produce steady growth as low-mobility countries raise material living standards. On the other hand, any such vast expansion of the already large global transport task will magnify the negative effects of such travel. The result is a highly uncertain global transport future.
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Moreno, Justo de Jorge. "ANALYSIS OF AIR PASSENGER TRANSPORT IN EUROPE." Journal of Air Transport Studies 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v3i2.90.
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This article presents a set analysis of European airlines. The main results reveal that ARIMA models have better performance than the Holt-Winters method in time series of Revenue Passenger Kilometres in nineteen airlines members of the Association of European Airlines (AEA). Only seven airlines have been influenced by the September 11th terrorist attack, SARS and the ash crisis, while none of the analysed airlines has been influenced by the economic crisis that began in 2008. The results obtained might suggest, on the one hand that airlines can find the flexibility to meet demand, despite their difficulty to adjust capacity. On the other hand, given the heterogeneity of resources and flight destinations, the business environment does not affect the airlines in the same way or with the same intensity.
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Su, Min, Weixin Luan, Zeyang Li, Shulin Wan, and Zhenchao Zhang. "Evolution and Determinants of an Air Transport Network: A Case Study of the Chinese Main Air Transport Network." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 19, 2019): 3933. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143933.
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The Chinese main air transport network (CMATN) is the framework for air passenger transport in the country. This study uses complex networks and an econometric model to analyze CMATN’s evolution and determinants. In terms of overall network structure, the network has always shown small-world properties, with smaller average path lengths (2.06–2.15) and larger clustering coefficients (0.68–0.77), while its cumulative degree distribution follows an exponential function. City passenger volumes conform to the degree power law function, which means that the more destinations a city connects to, the higher its passenger traffic will be. In major hub cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, control power decreases, while Chengdu, Kunming, Chongqing, Xi’an, Urumqi, and other cities play an increasingly important role in CMATN. In terms of main route passenger volumes and formation, increases in GDP and tourism have had a promoting effect, while high-speed rail (HSR) poses a threat to overlapping routes. CMATN is primarily located in the central and eastern regions, focusing on China’s economy, tourism, and efficient HSR development. Although the competition from HSR affects the overall network structure of CMATN based on its influence on specific routes, we believe that the impact is limited due to the different transport attributes of the two networks. The research results of this study can become an information source for decision makers and provide a reference for air transport to seek sustainable development.
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Yogaswara, Adishta. "Immaterial Compensation for Passenger Who Had Traumatic Experiences in Air Passenger Transport." Corporate and Trade Law Review 2, no. 1 (July 28, 2022): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21632/ctlr.2.1.20-41.
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The main purpose of this article is to analyze the compensation for immaterial loss for the passenger carriage by air transportation based Warsaw Convention and Montreal Convention. This article will answer several of these questions: (a) whether the air carrier shall be held liable to compensate the passenger who suffered mental distress during the flight, (b) which regimes shall govern the liability of the parties in that matter, (c) does that matter could also be seen from national law, and (d) could mental distress still be considered as an injury which may be compensated. The method used will be the legal dogmatic method. Regardless, damages for mental injuries unaccompanied by physical trauma resulting from an ‘accident’ occurring while an individual is on an international flight should be compensable. Furthermore, although a majority of jurisdiction continue to adhere to the traditional rule requiring some form of physical injury in order to obtain damage for mental injury, courts so far has been trying to overcome the mindset of the physical injury requirement as a guarantee of the genuineness of claims for mental distress.
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Kaliński, Janusz. "Zmiany strukturalne w transporcie wodnym, powietrznym i telekomunikacji po 1989 roku." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2017.4.2.
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Between 1990 and 2014 maritime and air transport, together with telecommunications in Poland underwent deep fluctuations and structural changes based on dynamic systematic and economic transformations, the EU membership and technological change. Air freight increased, while the importance of maritime and inland water freight decreased. A spectacular increase was observed in air passenger transport, particularly on international routes. Maritime passenger transport slightly increased and at the same time inland passenger transport substantially decreased. Poland s membership in the EU caused a massive increase in international road and air transport, however, the overall freight decreased. The technological change was expressed particularly through the development of mobile communications and the Internet
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Carlos Beni, Mario. "Passenger air transport tendencies for the next years." Tourism Review 58, no. 2 (February 2003): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb058406.
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Manvelidze, A. B. "Comparison analysis of passenger traffic by air and rail transport." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 1 (May 25, 2018): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2018-1-88-101.
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The article analyses passenger traffic distribution between air transport on domestic air routes and railway transport on the routes of large distances within the Russian Federation. The research objective is to define the air traffic increase potential especially on the distances up to 2500 km. City-pairs air passenger traffic and railway passenger traffic between the destination points statistics for 2014 and 2016, distances between the points of destination and actual economy class air fares and railway compartment carriage tariffs as well data on airports state in corresponding points of destination are used as original information.Pivot tables of traffic on 5 thousand routes by both modes of transport are drawn up.Specific traffic shares by air transport between points of origin (taking off) and destination (landing) are defined. Passenger traffic distribution is evaluated by distance intervals in Russian Federation as a whole and from major airports : Moscow, Ekaterinburg, Sochi and Simferopol. The analysis defines the trend of traffic share increase by air transport along with rising traffic distances. The research reveals that 94,2% of passenger traffic by rail and 83% of traffic by air are carried for the distances up to 2 500 km. The statistics example of passenger traffic from Moscow and Ekaterinburg demonstrates that regional routes with distances up to 1000 km are the main increase potential for the traffic growth. In 2016 traffic share by air transport for the distances interval up to 1000 km was 16%.According to the tariffs analysis the conclusion is made that air fares exceed rail tariffs on flight distances up to 1000 km (because of the short distances flight speculiarities) and on the routes to hard-to-reach and remote areas. Passengers choice in favor of air transport on regional routes depends on creation of economic conditions to attract more passengers.
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Verheyen, Wouter, and Julia Hörnig. "The Right to Safe Transport + Air Passenger Rights After COVID-19." European Review of Private Law 29, Issue 4 (September 1, 2021): 659–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2021034.
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The coronavirus crisis has been extremely disruptive for the international passenger transportation market. It has also triggered a major legal disruption in the field of passenger rights. In recent decades, the focus of air passenger policy has largely shifted from safety to rights in case of delay and cancellation, a change predominantly induced by the EU. COVID-19 has led to a major paradigm shift, with safety again becoming the number one policy target. Passengers have a wide range of tools to enforce their rights to timely travel and these remedies have made an effective contribution to a reduction in delays and cancellations in air transport. Passengers’ remedies in case of unsafe transport seem largely limited to the possibility of bringing an action in case of bodily injury, lésion corporelle, based on the Montreal Convention (MC). This contribution aims firstly to evaluate the effectiveness of this remedy as a preventive tool for increasing passenger safety. Secondly, it aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 on existing passenger rights in respect of cancellation and delay, as well as the impact of existing passenger rights policy on airlines’ operational margin for enhanced safety management. Based on this analysis, we aim to make recommendations for a more effective model for the protection of passengers’ safety, while at the same time embedding safety in the existing passenger rights policy instead of overriding it. Sommaire: La crise du coronavirus a extrêmement perturbé le marché du tra
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Stecenko, I. P., and A. V. Parkhimovich. "Passenger air transportation market in Europe." Civil Aviation High Technologies 23, no. 1 (February 26, 2020): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2020-23-1-59-70.
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The civil aviation is a systemically important sector of the European economy. In 2015, a new development strategy defining the role of air transport in passenger communications was adopted. The implementation of the strategy provides for, among other things, tickets cost reduction, which will have its impact on the population mobility. In this context, the article considers the priorities of the development strategy, noting that the demand for passenger air travel depends on multiple factors. They can be aggregated into four groups: social stability, macroeconomic, intrasectoral, and inter-transport factors. Their influence on the demand value varies by its degree, while being both price-based and non-price-based in nature. The article defines the leaders of the passenger air transportation market, addresses the problems obstructing the air transportation network development. It also highlights the European passenger air transportation market specifics and the prospects for development of a unified transport system to ensure a positive socio-economic effect in the development of the economy. A high level of competition with a comparable level of service quality calls for new forms of relationship with consumers. With a convenient passenger transportation infrastructure built nowadays in Europe, there are companies operating on the market that offer fairly expensive as well as low-cost transportation service. In addition, the level of average per capita income in Europe is quite high. All combined, these factors predetermine increased demand for transportation by air. Given these conditions, adoption of innovations and digital technologies, together with the encouragement of investments, should present a stimulus for growth. The adoption of the said measures will lead to passenger service quality improvement, traffic turnover and airlines’ revenues increase, and more job opportunities. Reliability, safety, environment are regarded as strategic priorities.
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Yakushiji, Koki, Takanori Yokochi, Hiroshi Fujita, and Fumiatsu Yakushiji. "Effects of passenger airplane transport on blood." Hematology & Transfusion International Journal 8, no. 5 (October 30, 2020): 108–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/htij.2020.08.00236.
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Objective: We examined the effects of passenger air transport by regular airplanes for air transportation on blood for transfusion. Materials and methods: Irradiated red blood cell (RBC) solutions were transported by regular passenger airplanes which and were static in the cabin during the flight. Blood samples were evaluated visually and biochemically before and after transport. Hemolysis of the transported samples was compared to that of the non-transported ones. The vibration in the airplanes was also measured using a vibration data logger. Results: There was no significant hemolysis of RBCs during airplane transport. The vibration in the airplane was lower than that in automobiles. The temperature in the active transport refrigerator (ATR) room was maintained at 2−6°C. There was no significant hemolysis of RBCs during the two transport routes. Conclusion: Temperature-controlled air transport of blood transport in the ATR 700 airplane maintained a the blood at a good quality that rendered blood it fit for blood transfusion.
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Tang, Zhe. "Construction of Internal and External Environmental Management System of Human Resources in Civil Aviation Institutions Based on System Dynamics." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (June 22, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3003709.
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The basic investment needed for the development of civil aviation transportation has a long period, large investment, and strong exclusivity. The quantity of fixed investment should match the scale of the stage of civil aviation development. Scientific demand forecasting is the basis of reasonable planning of civil aviation infrastructure and fleet construction. Based on the principle of system dynamics, this paper analyzes the internal and external influencing factors of air passenger transport demand, and establishes a system dynamics model between civil aviation passenger transport market demand forecast and human resource management system. Using the model, based on the level of economic and social development, it is predicted that the demand for air passenger transport will reach 1 billion passengers around 2024. The demand system dynamics model of civil aviation passenger transport market has universal applicability and long-term effectiveness for the derived long-term demand forecast and analysis of civil aviation transportation. The results show that based on the derivative characteristics of air transport demand, the demand influencing factors of air passenger transport market can be divided into external and internal factors, which are mainly affected by population, economy, residents’ consumption level, air-rail competition, and other factors. Internal factors mainly include ticket price and service level.
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Sugorovsky, A. V., E. V. Voronina, E. R. Karpova, and A. A. Podverbnykh. "Comparative analysis of the structure of passenger transportation in Russia." Transport Technician: Education and Practice 2, no. 4 (November 24, 2021): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2021.4.403-410.
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Passenger transport of the country has a significant impact on the level of its economic development, providing the connection of the population with objects of industrial, social, cultural and household purposes.In Russia, intercity passenger transportation by public transport is mainly represented by bus, rail, aviation (aircraft) and water (domestic). The article analyzes the dynamics of passenger transportation and passenger turnover of public transport for the period from 2015 to 2020, presents a calculation of the number of flights performed by bus, rail, air (aircraft) and water (domestic) transport, identifies the reasons for the lack of development of passenger transportation and suggests solutions.It is established that inland water transport is currently undergoing decline and state intervention is necessary for their development. Also, during the period under review, there is a decrease in the popularity of buses and a preference for private transport to public, it is necessary to improve the quality of transportation. The indicators of air and rail transport have positive dynamics, but they also require growth. The development of air transport in Russia can be carried out by the introduction of new services, for example, air taxi, rail-transport in the field of urban and suburban communications, the construction of new high - speed highways. In 2020, due to the announcement of restrictions on movement and quarantine measures, there is a sharp decline in indicators for all types of transport.The materials can be used to analyze and improve the work of the country's passenger complex.
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Peetawan. "Overview of Air-Rail Passenger Transport Relationship from 1997 to 2018." Proceedings 39, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019039011.
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World international passenger transport nowadays is dominated by air transport, while domestic passenger transport in certain region relies on rail transport. Aviation and railroad industry have been a rivalry since the introduction of commercial airlines. Although the relationships between both modes are initially competition, there are several other forms of relationship including cooperation and integration. This paper identified and categorized research themes for air-rail passenger transport relationship from research papers published between 1997 and 2018 by using content-based analysis. The literatures included in this paper focused on transportation science disciplines, namely economic, social, environment, and operations. Other analysis context are the analysis of word frequency and trend analysis for geographical area of research. Air-rail transport research themes were identified as modal comparison, modal influence, modal competition, modal cooperation, and modal integration. It has been found that in the early years, Europe is the region that dominate the research on air-rail passenger transport. However, China is an emerging country over the past five years. Additionally, research theme relies heavily on modal competition and modal influence.
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Köse, Süleyman. "Investigation of the Effect of Rail Passenger Transport on Air Passenger Transport in Intermodal Transport: Samsun and Trabzon Example." Journal of Transportation and Logistics 6, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jtl.2021.971797.
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Iwaniuk, Andrzej, and Krzysztof Piwek. "Preliminary design and optimization for fleet to be used in the Small Air Transport system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 14 (September 13, 2018): 2615–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410018800138.
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Over the last few years, teams from several research centres have been working on the concept of Small Air Transport, filling the niche between a regular surface transport and a scheduled air transport – on the distances over 200 km, utilizing numerous, though low in volume, passengers’ streams – giving regions a chance to improve their communication capabilities. Small Air Transport’s tasks are performed on small aeroplanes, which take up to 19 passengers, with a flight time of up to 4 h and at a reasonable price for a mass recipient. An important feature of the Small Air Transport system is personalization, which is flexible adaptation of the transport process to the customer’s requirements and capabilities. This paper focuses on the selection and optimization of key parameters of aircraft fleet used in Small Air Transport. The research and analysis were based on the parameters of a reference aircraft selected for each individual class of small aircraft. Taking into account the data of currently used aircraft, the calculations were made to obtain the generalized transport costs per passenger kilometre. The generalized transport costs covers both – the total operating costs and value of time of passengers. As a result of minimizing these costs in terms of the variability of the key design factors of aircraft, the parameters of the recommended aircraft, in particular, classes were obtained. It was found that generalized passenger-kilometre costs for recommended Small Air Transport aircraft are only 20–30% higher than for regional aircraft (with the same load factor) and are more advantageous for Small Air Transport aircraft (lower cost) for small local passenger flows. Utilizing Small Air Transport aircraft, the profitability of air transport expands to significantly less intense passenger flows. The analysis allowed defining key design parameters of aircraft fleet in Small Air Transport in the initial phase of a project.
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Paulić, Mateja, Tanja Poletan Jugović, and Valentina Šutalo Šamanić. "Structural analysis of air passenger flow in the Republic of Croatia from the COVID–19 pandemic impact perspective." Pomorstvo 36, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 359–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.36.2.19.
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Air transport is a globally significant mode of transport that carries people and goods over relatively long distances in a relatively short time. In the case of the Republic of Croatia there are some relevant geographical factors that make it necessary to connect the country to domestic and international airlines, such as territorial division (Dubrovnik’s disconnection from the rest of the Croatian mainland), rugged shape and mountainous terrain. In addition, as a tourist destination, the country should offer good transport links to provide the best experience for tourists. The aim of this research is to conduct an in-depth structural analysis of the intensity and dynamics of passenger air traffic at the global, European, and national (i.e. Croatian) level, considering the specific crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic as a relevant factor in the development of passenger flow. To achieve the defined objective of this research, a structural analysis of the relevant indicators for the development of passenger flow at the airports of the Republic of Croatia was conducted. In addition, a comparative analysis of the intensity, structure and dynamics of passenger flow was carried out within the framework of a comparison of the relevant criteria and statistical data on the indicators of passenger flow at the international, regional, and national levels. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the state of passenger flow in air transport in terms of organisation and logistics, and especially in terms of the intensity and dynamics of passenger flows. Accordingly, uniform criteria for monitoring passenger flow, systematisation and structural analysis of relevant formation indicators are the basic requirements for continuous monitoring and planning of passenger flow in air transport.
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Kiso, Fadila, and Abidin Deljanin. "Air Freight and Logistics Services." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 21, no. 4 (March 2, 2012): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v21i4.243.
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Air transport industry has gradually increased its share of global passenger and freight traffic, and this trend has accelerated in the last 40 years. For the past decade, air-freight traffic growth has outpaced air passenger traffic growth by 1-2% each year. In the past, air-freight sector offered limited services, with heavy reliance on several intermediaries and a significant dependence on air passenger operations. The sector can now be characterized as a sophisticated, innovative one, relying heavily on new electronic technologies, offering a wide range of transport and logistical products through dedicated specialist freight operators. With increasing emphasis on the globalization of trade and economic activity, air-freight growth is expected to continue to outpace air passenger traffic growth. The air-freight growth is expected to be greatest in the Asian markets (intra-Asia; North America-Asia; Europe-Asia and Australasia). The process of physical distribution of freight has become a highly sophisticated operation, with increasingly greater reliance being placed on the use of new technology to assist in the movement, storage, and tracking of consignments. But transport is just one component in this logistics chain. In this paper, air-freight sector is examined in terms of its structure, organization, its role in the supply chains, the main trends in the recent period, constraints facing the sector and the future prospects in air-freight sector. KEY WORDS: air freight organization, development, trends, forecast, logistics services
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Zhukov, V. E. "Demand Analysis Models for Passenger Air Transportation." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 134–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-134-144.
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Analysis of demand for air transportation is a key business process around which each airline develops strategic and operational plans. Based on the demand forecast, strategic plans for development of the airline’s route network are developed, as well as budgeting, financial planning, sales and marketing plans, aircraft fleet planning, risk assessment and plans to overcome their consequences. Demand analysis also facilitates important management activities, such as decision-making, performance evaluation, and reasonable allocation of resources in specific and uncertain conditions for development of the air transport system. Based on the specific requirements of the airline or in relation to a specific airline, an individual demand forecasting model can be developed. Such a model is an extension or a combination of various qualitative and quantitative methods for forecasting demand. The task of developing a custom model is often iterative, highly detailed, and driven by expert knowledge and can be accomplished by introducing suitable demand management software. The task stated in the article is not a staging task for building a model, but only offers to study the available theoretical material for the analysis of demand for air transportation based on the most famous models for forecasting demand for transportation. The method of scientific research of the problem posed in the article is the method of scientific analysis of existing models. Offer and demand for air transport services are reciprocal but asymmetric. Although the realized demand for transportation cannot take place without an appropriate level of supply, an air transport service can exist without appropriate demand. This is often found in projects that are developed with a margin that meets the expected level of demand, which may or may not be realized, or it may take several years to be realized. Regular air transport services form a supply that exists even if demand is insufficient. Several models presented in the article emphasize the conditions in which there is supply saturation, and on the other hand, the models in which demand is formed due to the mutual attractiveness of the entities that form demand are considered.
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Nasution, Abdillah Arif, Zul Azmi, Ikhsan Siregar, and Ikhsan Erlina. "Impact of Air Transport on the Indonesian Economy." MATEC Web of Conferences 236 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823602010.
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This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between air transportation and economic growth in Indonesia. The data used are annual time series data from 1990 to 2017 obtained from World Bank. Data analysis method used is method of Vector Error Corection Model (VECM). The results show that there is a relationship between air transport tax and economic growth in Indonesia. Where is the tax of air transport (passenger and goods) and economic growth (GDP). Based on the granger variable or passenger variables test results and the GDP variable indicates that it remains granger-related with significant 1 percent action. Based on these findings it is hoped that further research is suggested to examine the effect of ticket prices or air fares in order to improve economic growth in Indonesia.
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Evtushenko, A. E., and M. A. Kropaneva. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN APPLICATION WITH AN AUGMENTED REALITY FUNCTION TO SPEED UP PASSENGER SERVICE ON THE EXAMPLE OF PULKOVO AIRPORT." System analysis and logistics 2, no. 28 (June 1, 2021): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/2077-5687-2021-2-85-96.
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This article offers a prototype of an application for smartphones, aimed at improving services and increasing the speed of passenger service on the example of Pulkovo Airport. The software helps to improve the information and multimedia and technical support of the airport. The existing information technologies and the experience of their application in various airports of the world are considered. Key words: air transport, airport, passenger service, air passenger transport, St. Petersburg, application, information technology.
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Smirnov, Anton, Evgeniy Smolokurov, Alim Mazhazhikhov, and Elena Tsukanova. "Innovations in passenger transport aimed at reducing the negative impact on the environment and the problems associated with their implementation." E3S Web of Conferences 363 (2022): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236303011.
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The problem of environmental pollution from passenger transport is one of the endless problems of our time. The present study identifies 5 groups of passenger transport polluting the environment: road, rail, air, sea and river transport. This study has identified the current amount of pollution caused by the operation of passenger transport. The issue of financing, which ensures the renovation of passenger transport systems to make them more environmentally friendly, was identified as a problematic aspect. As a consequence, a comparative analysis of prospective solutions to improve passenger transport has been carried out. Thus, the methods used revealed that switching to biofuel and introducing electric energy into passenger transport mechanisms would minimise emissions into the environment, which is the aim of this study - to identify the most promising innovations in public passenger transport designed to reduce the negative impact on the environment.
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Wang, JiaoE, and FengJun Jin. "China's Air Passenger Transport: An Analysis of Recent Trends." Eurasian Geography and Economics 48, no. 4 (July 2007): 469–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1538-7216.48.4.469.
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Kankaew, Kannapat. "The servicescape of air transport terminal affecting passenger satisfaction." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 918 (October 7, 2020): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/918/1/012001.
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Masrifah, Siti. "Hubungan Budaya Pengamanan dan Kinerja Bandar Udara dengan Kepuasan Penumpang Angkutan Udara di Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno - Hatta." WARTA ARDHIA 39, no. 2 (June 28, 2013): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v39i2.114.128-145.
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This study examined the association of security culture (X1) and the performance of airport services (X2) with air transport passenger satisfaction (Y), either individually or jointly.This study with a sample of 100 respondents passenger air transport, the distribution of questionnaires to terminal 2F domestic at Soekarno Hatta International Airport Cengkareng.Calculation results show a positive and significant relationship shown in securing cultural relations (X1) to the satisfaction of passenger air transport (Y). Airport service performance (X2) to the satisfaction of passenger air transport (Y). The relation security culture and performance of airport service to the satisfaction of the air transport of passengers together.The final results of this study have a strong positive relationship between security culture in air transport passenger satisfaction. Strong positive relationship between performance of airport services in air transport passenger satisfaction. And a strong positive relationship between culture security and performance of airport services to the satisfaction of the air transport of passengers together.Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan budaya pengamanan (X1) dan kinerja pelayanan bandar udara (X2) dengan kepuasan penumpang angkutan udara (Y), baik secara sendiri-sendiri maupun secara bersama-sama. Penelitian ini dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 100 responden penumpang angkutan udara, dengan melakukan sebaran kuesioner di terminal 2F domestik Bandar Udara International Soekarno Hatta Cengkareng. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan hubungan yang positif dan signifikan pada budaya pengamanan (X1) dengan kepuasan penumpang angkutan, hubungan positif dan signifikan antara kinerja pelayanan bandar udara (X2) dengan kepuasan penumpang angkutan udara (Y), serta menghasilkan hubungan positif dan signifikan antara budaya pengamanan (X1) dan kinerja pelayanan Bandar udara (X2) dengan kepuasan penumpang angkutan udara (Y) secara bersama-sama. Hasil akhir penelitian ini mempunyai hubungan positif dan kuat antara budaya pengamanan dengan kepuasan penumpang angkutan udara. Hubungan positif dan kuat antara kinerja pelayanan Bandar udara dengan kepuasan penumpang angkutan udara. Hubungan positif dan kuat antara budaya pengamanan dan kinerja pelayanan Bandar udara dengan kepuasan penumpang angkutan udara secara bersama-sama. Implikasi bagi penyelenggara bandar udara dalam tercapainya kepuasan penumpang angkutan udara dengan memberikan rasa aman, lancar, tertib, dan selamat dalam suatu penerbangan, serta jasa pelayanan bandar udara dengan kebersihan terminal dan ketersediaan fasilitas yang cukup dan baik.
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HONG, Zhen, and Wei WEI. "Analysis of influencing factors of civil aviation passenger volume in multi airport area: case study on Yangtze River Delta." MATEC Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 10028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818910028.
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In order to analyse the main influencing factors of civil aviation passenger transport volume in multi Airport area. Correlation analysis, stepwise linear regression analysis and Grainger causality test were used to analyse the influence factors of civil aviation passenger traffic volume, to eliminate the invalid factors, a regression model is established to analyse the causal relationship between the various factors and air passenger volume. Through the analysis of the Yangtze River Delta region, it is concluded that the number of inbound tourists, the railway mileage and the volume of railway passenger transport are the main factors affecting the Yangtze River Delta region. Through the Grainger causality test, the air passenger volume of the Yangtze River Delta has one-way influence on the railway passenger traffic volume.
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Van de Vijver, Elien, Ben Derudder, and Frank Witlox. "Air Passenger Transport and Regional Development: Cause and Effect in Europe." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 28, no. 2 (April 25, 2016): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v28i2.1756.
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This article scrutinizes the mutual and complex causal relationship between air passenger transport and regional development in the European NUTS2-regions with heterogeneous Granger causality analysis between 2002 and 2011. Employment is used as a relatively robust and measurable indicator of a region’s development and employment in the services sector and in the manufacturing sector is treated separately to discern basic sectoral variances. The proposed methodology allows investigating (i) if air transport in the European regions causally influences employment, (ii) if employment also leads to higher transport levels, and (iii) regional variations in this causal relationship. The results show that both directions of causality occur among the European urban regions, albeit very geographically fragmented. This indicates that air passenger transport is a necessary part of, but not sufficient condition for generating regional development. The more abundant relationships for employment in the services sector confirm the sensitivity of the services industry to air passenger transport.
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Su, Min, Weixin Luan, Liuyan Yuan, Rui Zhang, and Zhenchao Zhang. "Sustainability Development of High-Speed Rail and Airline—Understanding Passengers’ Preferences：A Case Study of the Beijing–Shanghai Corridor." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 4, 2019): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051352.
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With the rapid construction of high-speed railways (HSR), the supply structure of the transportation modes in China has changed greatly. In order to seek the sustainable development of HSR and air transport from the perspective of passenger mode choice behavior, this paper applied a binary logit model to explore the mode choice patterns in the Beijing–Shanghai corridor, which has the most successfully operated HSR line in China. By using the data collected in airports and HSR stations in the two cities, passenger flow composition and passenger mode choice behavior was analyzed. It was found that passengers’ preference for air transport decreases with the accompanying number of passengers and access time, and increases with income; female passengers and younger passengers have a higher probability of choosing air transport, ceteris paribus; and leisure passengers are more price-sensitive, they tend to travel by air transport when the air transport prices are lower. The study results reveal the travel characteristics of passengers between Beijing–Shanghai and provide information for policy design and infrastructure management.
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van Dam, Cees. "Air Passenger Rights after Sturgeon." Air and Space Law 36, Issue 4/5 (August 1, 2011): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2011027.
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In Sturgeon, the European Court of Justice considered that EC Regulation 261/2004 on Air Passenger Rights breaches the principle of equal treatment. It held that air passengers with a delay of three hours or more have a right to compensation, unless the airline can prove that the delay was caused by extraordinary circumstances. After a brief look into how airlines generally perform with regards to their obligations under Regulation 261/2004 (section 1), I will summarize the Sturgeon decision as it was handed down by the European Court (section 2), set out the airlines' response to Sturgeon, which amounts to a boycott of the European Court's decision (section 3), analyse the questions referred to the European Court by the High Court in London in which the airlines challenge the validity of Sturgeon (section 4), and briefly comment on questions referred by the German Federal Court on the application of Sturgeon (section 5). My conclusion (section 6) will be that the European Court cannot but confirm Sturgeon, because the decision is compatible with both the Montreal Convention and the Grand Chamber decision in International Air Transport Association (IATA). This conclusion is in line with the opinion I published in January 2010. This article may be misunderstood as presenting a consumer view on Air Passenger Rights. However, it only aims to predict, from an independent perspective, what the European Court will decide in the pending cases with respect to Sturgeon.
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Antipova, Ekaterina A., and Tat’yana V. Slivinskaya. "Economic and geographic factors of development of air transport and accessibility of passenger air transportation in the Republic of Belarus." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Geography and Geology, no. 2 (December 29, 2020): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6740-2020-2-47-59.
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The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of economic and geographical factors in the development of air transport and their impact on the level of accessibility of passenger air transportation in the Republic of Belarus for the period from 2005 to 2017. The relevance of the study of the air transport development factors in Belarus is due to the geographical specificity of the country and the lack of domestic research on similar subjects in recent decades. On the basis of correlation analysis, the authour’s grouping of factors of the development of air transport has been proposed with the identification of the main, secondary and minor, which served as the basis for identifying the differentiation of administrative regions of Belarus by the level of accessibility of passenger air transportation. The results indicate that 40 % of the administrative regions or about 50 % of the population are characterised by limited abilities to consume air transport services, which requires diversification of the number of carriers and more intensive use of the existing air transport infrastructure. Based on this, special attention is paid to the use of the capabilities of regional airports and the potential development of domestic regional air traffic. These proposals will increase the availability of passenger air transportation, which will reduce up to 10 % the share of the population with disabilities in the consumption of air transport services.
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Young, Martin. "Capital, class and the social necessity of passenger air transport." Progress in Human Geography 44, no. 5 (November 26, 2019): 938–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132519888680.
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The symbiotic, environmentally destructive relationship between passenger air transport and economic output remains inadequately theorised by both transport geographers and mobilities researchers. This article attempts to bridge the two fields by considering passenger air transport as a branch of value production whose useful effect – the movement of people across space – is a ‘connecting artery’ necessary to multiple consumption and production processes. Air travel is socially necessary to multiple class projects, including the reproduction of labour power, the competitive reorganisation of capital at the global scale, and the consolidation of transnational capitalist class power. A corresponding environmental politics of resistance is outlined.
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Pająk, Jacek. "Air Terrorism as a Threat to the Safety of Air Transport." Safety & Defense 6, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37105/sd.90.
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The author of this article addresses the issue of the threat posed to air transport security by air terrorism. The main goal of this article is to identify the specific threats arising from air terrorism and examine their implications for the functioning of air transport as a whole. The dangers posed by attacks using hijacked light aircraft as well as large passenger airliners are highlighted. The article is based on the literature study and the author’s own analyses of the issue.
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Skolilova, Petra. "THE FUTURE OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT – VERY LARGE AIRCRAFT AND OUT KEY HUMAN FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION AND SAFETY OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 12 (December 15, 2017): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.12.0104.
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The article outlines some human factors affecting the operation and safety of passenger air transport given the massive increase in the use of the VLA. Decrease of the impact of the CO2 world emissions is one of the key goals for the new aircraft design. The main wave is going to reduce the burned fuel. Therefore, the eco-efficiency engines combined with reasonable economic operation of the aircraft are very important from an aviation perspective. The prediction for the year 2030 says that about 90% of people, which will use long-haul flights to fly between big cities. So, the A380 was designed exactly for this time period, with a focus on the right capacity, right operating cost and right fuel burn per seat. There is no aircraft today with better fuel burn combined with eco-efficiency per seat, than the A380. The very large aircrafts (VLAs) are the future of the commercial passenger aviation. Operating cost versus safety or CO2 emissions versus increasing automation inside the new generation aircraft. Almost 80% of the world aircraft accidents are caused by human error based on wrong action, reaction or final decision of pilots, the catastrophic failures of aircraft systems, or air traffic control errors are not so frequent. So, we are at the beginning of a new age in passenger aviation and the role of the human factor is more important than ever.
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Bushuyev, Nikolay, Darina Shulman, and Kristina Sagaidak. "Passenger flow dynamics analysis of “Sapsan” trains and air transport at Moscow–Saint Petersburg railway line up to 2025." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 1 (March 28, 2019): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2019-1-5-14.
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Objective: To analyze passenger flow trends of “Sapsan” trains and air transport on “Moscow–Saint Petersburg” direction; to forecast passenger flow of the given types of transport taking into account economic activity and tourism in Moscow and Saint Petersburg for the period of 2010 through to 2025; to calculate the predicted values of passenger flow at the given direction. Methods: Correlation and multiple regression analysis were applied. Results: The trends of passenger flows of “Sapsan” trains were analyzed for the period in question and of air transport for the period of 2010 through to 2018 on the route Moscow–Saint Petersburg. Special attention is paid to the design of passenger flow forecast mathematical model with allowance for its dependence on social and economic factors in the operating domain under study. Statistical data on the occupancy of hotels in Moscow and Saint Petersburg was selected as the factors in question; the former characterize mainly tourist passenger flow section as well as gross regional product which reflect the economic development and economic activity of the cities. Passenger flow forecast of the described types of transport was carried out for the period up to 2025. Practical importance: The conclusion was made on feasibility of studies in the sphere of passenger traffic forecast, especially under the conditions of changing tourist and economic activity on the given route, as well as strong competition among the studing types of transport in question.
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Hoyos, Diana Tascón, and Oscar Díaz Olariaga. "Behavior of Air Passenger Demand in a Liberalized Market." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 21, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2020-0001.
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AbstractThis article analyzes the behavior of the demand of domestic and international air passengers in a context of liberalized air transport market and with a total deregulation of airfares (using as case study the Colombian air transport market), and where it is also contemplated the influence, on this demand, of several factors of diverse origin (economic, market / competition and geographic). And due to the complexity of the air transport system, the use of System Dynamics is considered appropriate as an analysis tool. The main results indicate a convergence (in the study period) to a stabilization status of the load factor, which suggests that the air operators were able to better understand the behavior of the demand and thereby better adjust their supply.
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Yuliana, Dina, and Yuke Sri Rizki. "Analisa Segmen Penumpang Angkutan Udara Niaga Berjadwal Dalam Negeri." Warta Penelitian Perhubungan 22, no. 11 (November 30, 2010): 1185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/warlit.v22i11.1154.
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Air transport business in Indonesia is undergoing rapid changed, the cxmqrition is rery high rehreenthe national air transport companies. The research used descriptire statistics and Kruskal - Wallis test,The results showed that PT.Garuda Indonesia Airlines passenger the most widely journetj in orderbusiness (52.4%) with m;erage inromes above 10 million rupiah (78.2%), PT. lion Air passengerjournetj fur the purpose official. task (27.1%) due to lower prices (32.4%). PT. Batavia Air passengerjournetj fur the purpose of school I studies (40.7%) due to ease of getting tickets (36.5% ), PT. MandalaAir passenger journey fur the social and family purposes (21.5%) with arerage inromes are lower than2 million (14 % ), and PT. Sriwijaya Air passenger journey fur social purpose return home, and otkrs. (91.7%) and reasons fur choosing the airline because the provided services (28.2%).
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Semeriahina, Myroslava, and Mariia Hryhorak. "The role of the airline as a logistics provider in the passenger travel chains involving air transport." Electronic Scientific Journal Intellectualization of Logistics and Supply Chain Management #1 2020, no. 5 (February 2021): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46783/smart-scm/2021-5-5.
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The article is devoted to the classification of air carrier as a logistics provider. Therefore, in the outsourcing pyramid of logistics providing, the place of the air carrier was determined taking into account its business model: legacy, low-cost, hybrid. Based on this, insourcing pyramid of airline logistics services involving air transport was developed and varieties of 3PL providers were identified: 3–PL, 3PL, 3+PL air carriers. 3–PL air carrier is a logistics provider that provides a range of services within the air supply / travel chain. 3PL air carrier is a logistics provider that provides a range of services in the full supply / travel chain, when booking individual components of such a chain is carried out through the websites of the air carrier and its partners. 3+PL air carrier is a logistics provider that provides a range of services in the full supply / travel chain, when booking such services is carried out integrated through the air carrier's website, and business processes are performed by the air carrier and its partners. It was studied the websites of airlines in order to find out the providing level of modern global passenger airlines operating on legacy, low-cost and hybrid business models and to identify the main trends among air carrier to ensure a complete passenger travel chain. The main feature of the world's air carriers is that most of them provide services at the level of 3PL-provider, and only the world's leading air carriers provide the organization of the passenger travel chain at the level of 3+PL-provider. The generalized scheme of providing for a passenger travel chain involving air transport for the purpose of definition of a role of each type of logistics provider and their collaboration in such chains was constructed. For example, 3–PL, 3PL, 3+PL air carriers can involve 2 PL-companies in the performance of business processes in the passenger chain. At the same time, the air carrier of 4PL-level will involve performers from 2 PL 3-PL, 3PL levels in the processes of the travel chain. On the virtual 5 PL platform, the passenger will independently choose performers from different levels of providing according to their own needs.
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Krajewska, Renata, and Ignacy Bomba. "Air transport of lithium batteries." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 24, no. 6 (June 30, 2019): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.129.
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Lithium batteries turned out to be a true discovery of the 20th century. They are used in almost all models of mobile phones, tablets, handheld computers and cameras. There are many electronic devices equipped with internal energy sources such as a battery or accumulator in the air trans-port of cargo (cargo), hand luggage and registered luggage. Few travelers are aware, however, that these elements often pose a huge threat. Paper discussed the transport of lithium batteries in airplanes. The presentation and analysis of regulations regarding the transport of lithium batteries in hand luggage, checked baggage and cargo transportation were focused on. The first part presented the characteristics of lithium batteries. Regulations regarding the transport of lithium batteries by air transport are presented in the second part. The statistics of aviation events with the participation of lithium batteries were presented. The rules for the transport of lithium batteries in passenger and cargo luggage are also discussed.
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FU, XIAOWEN, TAE HOON OUM, and ANMING ZHANG. "Air Transport Liberalization and Its Impacts on Airline Competition and Air Passenger Traffic." Transportation Journal 49, no. 4 (2010): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40904912.
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Abstract This study examines the impacts of air transport liberalization policies on economic growth, traffic volume, and traffic flow patterns, and investigates the mechanisms leading to those changes. Our investigation concludes that (1) liberalization has led to substantial economic and traffic growth. Such positive effects are mainly due to increased competition and efficiency gains in the airline industry, as well as positive externalities to the overall economy; (2) liberalization allows airlines to optimize their networks within and across continental markets. As a result, traffic flow patterns will change accordingly. Strategic alliance is a second-best solution and will have a reduced role when foreign ownership restrictions are relaxed; (3) there is a two-way relationship between the expansion of low-cost carriers (LCCs) and liberalization. The rapid growth of LCCs leads to increased competition and stimulated traffic, calling for the removal of restrictions on capacity, frequency, pricing and entry. In addition, development of LCCs in domestic markets can promote liberalization policy for international aviation by increasing the competitiveness of the national aviation industry. On the other hand, the existing regulations hindered the growth of LCCs. Further liberalization is needed for the full realization of associated benefits.
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FU, XIAOWEN, TAE HOON OUM, and ANMING ZHANG. "Air Transport Liberalization and Its Impacts on Airline Competition and Air Passenger Traffic." Transportation Journal 49, no. 4 (2010): 24–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.49.4.0024.
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Abstract This study examines the impacts of air transport liberalization policies on economic growth, traffic volume, and traffic flow patterns, and investigates the mechanisms leading to those changes. Our investigation concludes that (1) liberalization has led to substantial economic and traffic growth. Such positive effects are mainly due to increased competition and efficiency gains in the airline industry, as well as positive externalities to the overall economy; (2) liberalization allows airlines to optimize their networks within and across continental markets. As a result, traffic flow patterns will change accordingly. Strategic alliance is a second-best solution and will have a reduced role when foreign ownership restrictions are relaxed; (3) there is a two-way relationship between the expansion of low-cost carriers (LCCs) and liberalization. The rapid growth of LCCs leads to increased competition and stimulated traffic, calling for the removal of restrictions on capacity, frequency, pricing and entry. In addition, development of LCCs in domestic markets can promote liberalization policy for international aviation by increasing the competitiveness of the national aviation industry. On the other hand, the existing regulations hindered the growth of LCCs. Further liberalization is needed for the full realization of associated benefits.
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Sur, Ji-Min. "Concept and Scope of Passenger in EU Air Transport Law." BUSINESS LAW REVIEW 33, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 273–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24886/blr.2019.6.33.2.273.
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FUJIME, Setsuo. "INTERREGIONAL AIR PASSENGER MOVEMENT IN TERMS OF TRANSPORT MODE CHOICE." Geographical Review of Japa,. Ser. A, Chirigaku Hyoron 61, no. 11 (1988): 787–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/grj1984a.61.11_787.
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손양 and 안우철. "Competition in the Domestic Air Passenger Transport Market in China." Journal of Shipping and Logistics 35, no. 3 (September 2019): 429–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37059/tjosal.2019.35.3.429.
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Butyrkin, A. Ya, E. B. Kulikova, O. N. Madyar, and E. I. Dmitrieva. "Models for predicting passenger traffic in rail and air transport." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 918 (October 7, 2020): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/918/1/012057.
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Borruso, Giuseppe. "A nodal regional analysis of air passenger transport in Europe." International Journal of Business Intelligence and Data Mining 8, no. 4 (2013): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbidm.2013.059260.
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Stellner, František, Marek Vokoun, Tomáš Nigrin, and Marek Kasa. "Characteristics of Austrian passenger transport policy development since the 1950s." Review of Economic Perspectives 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 293–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/revecp-2022-0014.
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Abstract This paper investigates the transport policy development and characteristics of the Austrian passenger transport sector from the 1950s onwards. The analysed performance indicators deal with the three most prevalent modes of transport (cars, trains and airplanes) and are linked to independent decision-making units (passengers) and their motives (price, quality and time to destination) as well as to goals and decisions involved in government policies. In this theoretical framework, we identified three developmental phases, using an interdisciplinary approach to assess the development of three variables of interest (number of car, air and train passengers). In the long term, transport policy aimed to solve the rigidity and lack of vision in train transport and the extensive use of cars. Air transport was a steadily growing segment in a close and positive relationship with trains, which is in line with the transport political orientation towards Vienna Airport and train connections to the capital city. The post-war phase (1945–1970) was characterised by enormous growth in the number of cars, an upswing in air transport and stagnant train transport. The second phase (1970–1994) was defined by a progressive liberalisation of rail transport and a plan to balance the growth rates of car, train and airplane performance variables. Finally, in the 1995–2019 phase, the growth in train transport increased; however, this growth remained far below the growth rates of air and car performance variables. Transport policy achievements and shortcomings for future research are suggested.
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Lv, Zhong. "Evaluation the Quality of Air Passenger Services." Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (June 2014): 2329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.2329.
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In order to evaluate the quality of the air passenger service objectively and accurately, based on analyzing the characteristics of comprehensive evaluation of service level, and applied the theory of Maslow’s hierarchy of need, the evaluation index system of air passenger service quality has been built from six aspects, such as objective, economy, service, quickness, comfort and convenience. The evaluation index weight vector is determined by means of the improved analytic hierarchy process. The fuzzy theory is used for comprehensive evaluation, and the model is analyzed through example. The results show that the evaluation system can effectively reflect the level of air passenger transport service quality and reduce the influence of human factors.
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Susetyadi, Ari. "Evaluasi Pelayanan Penumpang Bandara Mutiara Palu." WARTA ARDHIA 36, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v36i3.89.253-261.
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The airport is an for aviation services, where in variety of good facilities for service to the aircraft as well as for passanger service. Air transport passenger service at airport from time to time require upgrading the performance of services, both from land and air side services. Which became problems as Palu Mutiara airport if the airport is already providing service accordance with the standard of service (level of sercvice). and how the airport in activities of air transport services with limited passenger terminal condition, especially during busy (peak season).