Relevant bibliographies by topics / 220208 History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences

Academic literature on the topic '220208 History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "220208 History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences"

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Gillispie, Charles C. "History of the social sciences." Revue de synthèse 109, no. 3-4 (July 1988): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03189136.

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Oolapietro, Vincent. "A History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences." Newsletter of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy 16, no. 50 (1988): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/saap1988165011.

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Murphey, Murray G., and Peter T. Manicas. "A History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences." Journal of American History 75, no. 3 (December 1988): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1901553.

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Fay, Brian, and Peter T. Manicas. "A History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences." History and Theory 27, no. 3 (October 1988): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2504923.

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Kostyło, Piotr. "Philosophy, history, and the social commitment." Studies in East European Thought 71, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11212-019-09350-5.

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Stas, Igor. "Urban History: between History and Social Sciences." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 21, no. 3 (2022): 250–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2022-3-250-285.

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The article analyzes the formation and development of Urban History as a branch of historical science before and immediately after the era of the Urban Crisis of the 1950s and 1960s. The concept of the article suggests that urban history was formed in a constant dialogue with the social sciences. At the beginning, academic urban historians appeared in the 1930s as opponents of American “agrarian” and frontier histories. Drawing their ideas from the Chicago School of sociology, they reproduced the national history of civic local communities that expressed the achievements of Western civilization. However, in the context of the impending Urban Crisis, social sciences, together with urban historians, have declared the importance of generalizing social phenomena. A group of rebels soon formed among historians. They called their movement ‘New Urban History’ and advocated the return of historical context to urban studies, and were against social theory. However, in an effort to reconstruct history “from the bottom up” through a quantitative study of social mobility, new urban historians have lost the city as an important variable of their analysis. They had to abandon the popular name and recognize themselves as representatives of social history and interested in the problems of class, culture, consciousness, and conflicts. In this situation, some social scientists have tried to try on the elusive brand ‘New Urban History’, but their attempt also failed. As a result, only those who remained faithful to the national narrative or interdisciplinary approach remained urban historians, but continued to remain in the bosom of historical science, rushing around conventional urban sociology and its denial.
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Petitjean, Patrick. "Introduction: Science, Politics, Philosophy and History." Minerva 46, no. 2 (June 2008): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11024-008-9095-x.

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Sivin, Nathan. "Over the Borders: Technical History, Philosophy, and the Social Sciences." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 10, no. 1 (June 25, 1991): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26669323-01001008.

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Weinstein, Fred. "Psychohistory and the Crisis of the Social Sciences." History and Theory 34, no. 4 (December 1995): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2505404.

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Dunbar, Robin I. M. "Evolution and the social sciences." History of the Human Sciences 20, no. 2 (May 2007): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695107076197.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "220208 History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences"

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Hunt, Lesley M. "Compliance at work: protecting identity and science practice under corporatisation." Lincoln University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1029.

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When the New Zealand Government restructured the system of the public funding of research (1990-1992) it created Crown Research Institutes (CRIs) as companies operating in a global, market-led economy. One CRI, AgResearch, responded to this environment by corporatisation and instituted a normative system of control of workers which, through strategic plans, vision and mission statements, and performance appraisal processes, encouraged workers to adhere to company goals. This thesis, reporting on an ethnographic study of this CRI, shows how most scientific workers (technical workers and scientists alike) experienced insecurity through estrangement because the contributions they wished to make were less valued both in society and in their work organisation. They were excluded from participation in both organisational and Government policy-making, and felt they did not ‘belong’ anymore. Scientists in particular were also experiencing alienation (in the Marxist sense), as they were losing autonomy over the production of their work and its end use. Scientific workers developed tactics of compliance in order to resist these experiences and ostensibly comply with organisational goals while maintaining and protecting their self-identities, and making their work meaningful. Meanwhile, to outward appearances, the work of the CRI continued. This thesis adds to the sociology of work literature by extending the understanding of the concepts of compliance and resistance in white-collar work, particularly under normative control, by developing two models of resistance. It adds to the stories of the impact on public sector workers of the restructuring of this sector in New Zealand’s recent history, and develops implications for science policy and practice.
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Byrne, Michael J. "An exploratory analysis of free will in the social sciences." Ashland University Ashbrook Undergraduate Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=auashbrook1304710552.

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Harker, David. "Creating Scientific Controversies: Uncertainty and Bias in Science and Society." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. http://amzn.com/1107692369.

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For decades, cigarette companies helped to promote the impression that there was no scientific consensus concerning the safety of their product. The appearance of controversy, however, was misleading, designed to confuse the public and to protect industry interests. Created scientific controversies emerge when expert communities are in broad agreement but the public perception is one of profound scientific uncertainty and doubt. In the first book-length analysis of the concept of a created scientific controversy, David Harker explores issues including climate change, Creation science, the anti-vaccine movement and genetically modified crops. Drawing on work in cognitive psychology, social epistemology, critical thinking and philosophy of science, he shows readers how to better understand, evaluate, and respond to the appearance of scientific controversy. His book will be a valuable resource for students of philosophy of science, environmental and health sciences, and social and natural sciences.
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Simon, Fabien Dimitri. "Sortir de Babel : une République des Langues en quête d'une " langue universelle " à la Renaissance et à l'Age classique ?" Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676892.

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L'Europe de la Renaissance et de l'Âge classique a été le terrain d'une quête protéiforme de la langue universelle (recherches sur la langue d'Adam, encyclopédies de tous les idiomes de la terre, langues créées ex nihilo...). Afin de percevoir les conditions sociales de production de ce savoir linguistique, cette étude se propose d'élaborer une histoire, moins de la langue universelle elle-même que de ses concepteurs ; une histoire sociale et culturelle de ces pratiques intellectuelles, dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire et à l'échelle européenne. Les acteurs sociaux impliqués dans cette quête s'inscrivent dans des réseaux particuliers, liés à des institutions qui participent pleinement de la transformation du monde moderne (Royal Society, ordre jésuite...). Ils sont souvent des figures de la République des Lettres et en forment, par leurs travaux linguistiques et les correspondances fournies qu'ils suscitent, une province particulière : la " République des Langues ". S'y joue rien moins que le choix, non pas de la langue du bon usage - celle des grammairiens - mais de la langue de la science et de la vérité, la langue de la République des Lettres elle-même. Comment des savants européens contribuent-ils par cet espace social virtuel à faire exister leurs utopies linguistiques ? Discutés dans le cadre de ces réseaux européens transnationaux, les projets apparaissent comme des technologies littéraires et sociales, maîtrisées seulement par un petit nombre d'individus ; ces langues pour tous sont donc indissociablement des langues à l'usage du " moins grand nombre ", des langues de distinction
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Labar, Kelly. "Inégalités sociales en Chine : quelle réalité ?" Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00272994.

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Au regard des distorsions sociales qui ont suivi le mouvement de réformes initié en Chine à la fin des années 1970, cette thèse étudie les évolutions récentes relatives à trois principaux sujets : le marché du travail, le niveau d'éducation et le niveau de santé. En utilisant la base de données CHNS, je considère dans un premier temps les rendements du capital humain en Chine, étant donnés les besoins en gains de productivité liés à une économie plus compétitive. Je souligne l'augmentation des rendements de l'éducation et de la nutrition en Chine depuis 1991, soulignant également l'impact des réformes sur la manière dont les salaires sont fixés aujourd'hui. Cette conclusion apparaît dans un premier temps positive pour l'augmentation de la productivité et de la croissance dans l'avenir. Cependant, si les individus ne bénéficient pas d'un égal accès à l'éducation et à la santé, une plus forte rémunération de ces facteurs peut mener à une détérioration en termes d'inégalités. C'est pourquoi je me focalise dans un deuxième temps sur l'évolution relative au niveau d'éducation et de santé depuis le mouvement de réformes à travers deux canaux : la possible transmission du statut social des parents à leurs enfants, i.e. la mobilité sociale ; puis les inégalités de bien-être dans trois dimensions sociales que sont le revenu, l'éducation et la santé. Grâce à l'utilisation de matrices de mobilité ainsi que de stratégies économétriques, je démontre un niveau de mobilité salariale et en terme d'éducation en Chine dans la moyenne en comparaison à celui d'autres pays développés ou en développement. Cependant, l'impact croissant du salaire des parents sur la scolarisation des enfants peut se traduire par une mobilité plus faible dans le futur, dans la mesure où cela renforce les dynamiques inégalitaires. Mis en parallèle avec les résultats de l'analyse multidimensionnelle des inégalités de bien-être, je conclus que les inégalités sociales en Chine sont amenées à augmenter dans les années à venir, nécessitant des mesures politiques en faveur de l'amélioration de l'accès à l'éducation et à la santé.
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Alonso, Matilde. "COOPERATION ET DEVELOPPEMENT. L'EXPERIENCE BOLIVIENNE DES VALLEES INTER-ANDINES." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119317.

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Ce travail analyse le développement économique et de la coopération internationale. Après l'étude des concepts et les théories, le travail étudie le cas de la micro-région de Tomina (Bolivie). Le travail montre l'importance de la perspective territoriale dans la mise en marche d'un projet de développement rural.
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Nicolas, Cauchi-Duval. "Parcours des usages de drogues en France : observation et analyse démographique." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439166.

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L'épidémie de SIDA a impliqué, au milieu des années 1980, une accélération de la réorientation des politiques publiques à l'égard des usagers de drogues. Elle a notamment conduit à la mise en place d'un système de soins chargé d'accueillir les toxicomanes. Indirectement, cela a permis de bénéficier de nouvelles sources de données qui ont autorisé une meilleure connaissance du phénomène d'usage de drogues. Néanmoins, les parcours d'usage ne peuvent que rarement être étudiés. Soit les sous-populations sont non représentatives de l'ensemble des usagers de drogues, soit le mode de collecte biaise les indicateurs qui peuvent être obtenus. Nous avons donc d'une part présenté la sélection opérée sur les différentes sous-populations d'usagers de drogues et proposé les méthodes de collecte qui éviteraient de telles sélections. D'autre part, nous avons élaboré, à partir des principes de l'analyse démographique, une estimation des biais induits par l'utilisation d'enquêtes en population générale afin de nous assurer de leur possible utilisation. Il semble que les biais sont assez faibles pour que puissent être réalisées des études qui n'en souffrent pas trop. Ce n'est toutefois que par le renouvellement de ce type d'enquêtes que les mesures pourront être affinées et nous en convaincre avec certitude. Il est toutefois dès à présent certain qu'une amélioration des données collectées est nécessaire pour comprendre la dynamique qui participe au renouvellement des sous-populations d'usagers de drogues. Il est à ce jour évident que plusieurs types d'usage de drogues existent, mais aucune source de données ne permet en France de mesurer la modification d'un type d'usage à un autre.
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Macarie, Florea Monica Roxana. "LE COMITE NATIONAL D'EVALUATION : LES EFFETS DE L'AUTOEVALUATION." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525157.

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Cette thèse propose d'identifier les effets de l'évaluation dans les établissements d'enseignement supérieur en France. Les questions de notre recherche se sont centrées autour des effets de l'autoévaluation (« évaluation interne ») proposée par le Comité national d'évaluation (CNE) à partir du guide d'évaluation interne le Livre des références (2003). Une étude de terrain, à base d'entretiens auprès de 37 responsables de 17 établissements d'enseignement supérieur évalués par cette procédure, examine les effets obtenus. Les responsables d'établissements ont exprimé librement ce qu'ils ont vécu pendant et après ces évaluations, quels en ont été les effets, quelle est leur position concernant la procédure et le guide d'évaluation utilisé. Les cadres de nos analyses ont été les sciences de l'éducation (pour l'« évaluation » et le système d'enseignement supérieur) et la sociologie des organisations (pour l'organisation et le fonctionnement des institutions publiques, universités et autres). On conclue sur la situation actuelle de l'évaluation institutionnelle : la création de la nouvelle Agence d'évaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur (AERES, 2007), et le passage d'évaluations « formatives » développées par les CNE, à des évaluations « sommatives ». Les établissements sont mis devant de nouvelles responsabilités centrées, non sur les processus qu'ils mettent en oeuvre, mais sur les résultats à obtenir.
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Burton, Leah Michelle. "Influencing Capitalist Attitudes to Drive More Capital Towards Social Good." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1627048054529815.

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Rosaye, Jean-Paul. "Autour de l'idéalisme britannique: recherches et réflexions méthodologiques sur l'histoire des idées en Grande-Bretagne (milieu XIXe s. - début XXe s)." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576113.

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Ce travail est un condensé d'une dizaine d'années de recherches dont le dénominateur commun a été l'histoire des idées en Grande Bretagne au moment où la modernité s'éprouve dans le modèle de la société industrielle et où des tentatives se sont ébauchées pour sortir du relativisme et du matérialisme ambiants. Son objectif principal, outre la synthèse de mes travaux, a été de formaliser certaines recherches et de poursuivre une interrogation originale sur le sens de l'idéalisme britannique. J'ai distingué trois grandes parties dans ce document qui recouvrent peu ou prou une exposition chronologique de mes travaux; mais ces parties ont également été construites avec le souci de mettre en évidence mon intérêt pour l'idéalisme britannique et l'impact de l'élaboration des théories de la connaissance. Le fil conducteur en a été l'évolution de mes idées concernant la discipline de l'histoire des idées.
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Books on the topic "220208 History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences"

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Gordon, Scott. The history and philosophy of social science. London: Routledge, 1991.

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The history and philosophy of social science. London: Routledge, 1991.

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The history and philosophy of social science. London: Routledge, 1991.

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A history and philosophy of the social sciences. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Basil Blackwell, 1987.

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Seminar on Social History and Social Theory (1982 Dept. of Ancient History, Culture, Archaeology, University of Allahabad). Social history and social theory. Edited by Misra V. D, Pal J. N, and University of Allahabad. Dept. of Ancient History, Culture, and Archaeology. Allahabad: Dept. of Ancient History, Culture & Archaeology, University of Allahabad, 2000.

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1941-, Hughes J. A., and Sharrock w. W, eds. Philosophy and the human sciences. Totowa, N.J: Barnes & Noble Books, 1986.

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1941-, Hughes J. A., and Sharrock W. W, eds. Philosophy and the human sciences. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

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Manicas, Peter T. A history and philosophy of the social sciences. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

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1914-, Cohen I. Bernard, ed. The Natural sciences and the social sciences: Some critical and historical perspectives. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1994.

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1956-, Wagner Peter, Wittrock Björn, and Whitley Richard, eds. Discourses on society: The shaping of the social science disciplines. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "220208 History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences"

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Maskulak, Marian. "Edith Stein and Catholic Social Teaching." In Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences, 15–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91198-0_2.

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Kincaid, Harold. "Philosophies of Historiography and the Social Sciences." In A Companion to the Philosophy of History and Historiography, 297–306. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444304916.ch26.

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Salice, Alessandro, and Genki Uemura. "Social Acts and Communities: Walther Between Husserl and Reinach." In Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences, 27–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97592-4_3.

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Mühl, Julia. "Human Beings as Social Beings: Gerda Walther’s Anthropological Approach." In Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences, 71–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97592-4_6.

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Haddock Seigfried, Charlene. "On Writing Pragmatism and Feminism: Reweaving the Social Fabric (1996) and Its Reception." In Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences, 13–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00921-1_2.

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Rolin, Kristina. "Values in the Social Sciences: The Case of Feminist Research." In Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, 133–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26348-9_8.

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Massa, Manuela. "What Is the Condition for the Members of Social Communities to Be “Real” People According to Gerda Walther?" In Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences, 101–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97592-4_8.

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Tullius, William E. "Person in Community, Repentance, and Historical Meaning: From an Individual to a Social Ethics in Stein’s Early Phenomenological Treatises." In Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences, 73–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91198-0_6.

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Striano, Maura. "The Educational Value of “Mental Non-resistance” and “Understanding” in Fostering Intellectual and Social Life. A Lesson from Jane Addams." In Women in the History of Philosophy and Sciences, 159–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00921-1_13.

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Kaufmann, Felix. "Theory and Method in the Social Sciences by Felix Kaufmann: An English Translation." In Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, 103–353. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02845-3_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "220208 History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences"

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Shavulev, Georgi. "The place of Philo of Alexandria in the history of philosophy." In 7th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.21205s.

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Philo of Alexandria (ca. 20 B.C.E. -50 C.E.), or Philo Judaeus as he is also called, was a Jewish scholar, philosopher, politician, and author who lived in Alexandria and who has had a tremendous influence through his works (mostly on the Christian exegesis and theology). Today hardly any scholar of Second Temple Judaism, early Christianity, or Hellenistic philosophy sees any great imperative in arguing for his relevance. After the research (contribution) of V. Nikiprowetzky in the field of philonic studies, it seems that the prevailing view is that Philo should be regarded above all as an “exegete “. Such an opinion in one way or another seems to neglect to some extent Philo's place in the History of philosophy. This article defends the position that Philo should be considered primarily as a “hermeneut”. Emphasizing that the concept of hermeneutics has a broader meaning (especially in the context of antiquity) than the narrower and more specialized concept of exegesis.
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Ambrozy, Marian. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY IN THE CONTEXT OF GRAMMAR SCHOOL TUITION." In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/hb21/s06.049.

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Anikeeva, Elena N., and Kirill V. Taravkov. "Comparative Eschatology and Philosophy of History of Karl Jaspers and Nikolai Berdyaev." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Ecological Studies (CESSES 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cesses-19.2019.291.

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Pskhu, Ruzana. "EVOLUTION OF CONCEPTS �OTHER�, �SUBJECT� AND �ENCOUNTER� IN HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AND THEIR INTERPRETATION BY GERHARD OBERHAMMER." In 5th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES and ARTS SGEM2018. STEF92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2018h/21/s06.026.

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Shavulev, Georgi. "“I am an interpreter and not a teacher” (Alex. 7) – Philo’s self-definition in De Animalibus in the context of his understanding of the “hermeneut”." In 8th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.08.16183s.

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This article is about defining Philo’s place in the history of philosophy and biblical exegesis. In this connection, his own self-identification as a “hermeneut” in his treatise De Animalibus should be important. In this treatise, which is one of the “purely philosophical works” of the author, Philo himself twice explicitly states that he is a hermeneut (Alex. 7; 74). In this case, it is unlikely that he means “interpreter of Scripture”, and the question is to what extent does the translation “interpreter” cover the meaning of hermeneut (ἑρμηνεὺς)? An attempt will be made to read this statement of Philo in the context of his understanding of ἑρμηνεὺς in other places in his work related to biblical exegesis, as well as in the context of the overall ancient understanding of hermeneutics.
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Oleynikov, Yu. "SOCIETIES AND CIVILIZATIONS: PRIORITIES OF MODERN RESEARCH." In Man and Nature: Priorities of Modern Research in the Area of Interaction of Nature and Society. LCC MAKS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2580.s-n_history_2021_44/18-26.

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Despite of unprecedented level of financing and IT support, the world science didn’t demonstrate meaningful fundamental achievements in study of the ecologic problems of interaction between nature and society and the socio-natural history within the recent 50 years. Social and ideology causes of conceptual infertility of social ecology and of social sciences as a whole are analyzed, such infertility rooted in absence of conditions for creative research into problems of profound social-economic transformation of the society and for search of real paths of development of the social form of being of humans and of the whole of planet’s socio-natural Universum. Ideological engagement of contemporary scholars and their leaning towards the “end of history” and “sustainable development” concepts as a justification of eternal and qualitative stability of liberal capitalism are the reasons of this situation in philosophy and in distinct natural and social sciences. Narrow specialization of scholars, poor knowledge of theoretical heritage accumulated in various countries are of considerable importance as well, these drawbacks not allowing for synthesis of data obtained in particular fields of science to lead to development of fundamental understanding about being of contemporary socio-natural whole.
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MARTSENIUK, Maryna. "ON THE INFLUENCE OF HAPPINESS ON HUMAN HEALTH." In Happiness And Contemporary Society : Conference Proceedings Volume. SPOLOM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31108/7.2021.42.

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The article considers the concept and phenomen on of happiness from the perspective of different authors. The subjective perception and interpretation of the term happiness and the vital interest in this phenomen on by such sciences as philosophy, ethics, psychology, history, medicine. The concept of happiness in a narrow (fate, talent, luck, success, joy) and broad (psycho-emotional state of complete satisfaction with life, a sense of complete joy) senses has been covered. The ratings of the countries on the level of happiness among population (WorldHappinessReport) and the «happiness index» studied by the international foundation NEF (NewEconomicsFoundation) have been analyzed, along with the position of Ukraine. The finding soft helongest-running study from Harvard University, which aimed to find out what makes people happy from adolescence to old age, have been presented. It has been found that good relationships with people make us happier and healthier. Good social connections are good for us, but loneliness shortens life. It was proved that the happiest of the participants in the experiment, even feeling physicalpain, stayed positive. In stead, un happy people feltthat the physical pain became even stronger dueto a bad emotional state. The importance of a spouse supporting, and its positive impact on such a process as memory was emphasized. Instead, it was noted that their memory did not deteriorate as rapidly as in single people. Key words: health, life satisfaction, feelings of happiness, level of happiness.
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Reports on the topic "220208 History and Philosophy of the Social Sciences"

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HEFNER, Robert. IHSAN ETHICS AND POLITICAL REVITALIZATION Appreciating Muqtedar Khan’s Islam and Good Governance. IIIT, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47816/01.001.20.

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Ours is an age of pervasive political turbulence, and the scale of the challenge requires new thinking on politics as well as public ethics for our world. In Western countries, the specter of Islamophobia, alt-right populism, along with racialized violence has shaken public confidence in long-secure assumptions rooted in democracy, diversity, and citizenship. The tragic denouement of so many of the Arab uprisings together with the ascendance of apocalyptic extremists like Daesh and Boko Haram have caused an even greater sense of alarm in large parts of the Muslim-majority world. It is against this backdrop that M.A. Muqtedar Khan has written a book of breathtaking range and ethical beauty. The author explores the history and sociology of the Muslim world, both classic and contemporary. He does so, however, not merely to chronicle the phases of its development, but to explore just why the message of compassion, mercy, and ethical beauty so prominent in the Quran and Sunna of the Prophet came over time to be displaced by a narrow legalism that emphasized jurisprudence, punishment, and social control. In the modern era, Western Orientalists and Islamists alike have pushed the juridification and interpretive reification of Islamic ethical traditions even further. Each group has asserted that the essence of Islam lies in jurisprudence (fiqh), and both have tended to imagine this legal heritage on the model of Western positive law, according to which law is authorized, codified, and enforced by a leviathan state. “Reification of Shariah and equating of Islam and Shariah has a rather emaciating effect on Islam,” Khan rightly argues. It leads its proponents to overlook “the depth and heights of Islamic faith, mysticism, philosophy or even emotions such as divine love (Muhabba)” (13). As the sociologist of Islamic law, Sami Zubaida, has similarly observed, in all these developments one sees evidence, not of a traditionalist reassertion of Muslim values, but a “triumph of Western models” of religion and state (Zubaida 2003:135). To counteract these impoverishing trends, Khan presents a far-reaching analysis that “seeks to move away from the now failed vision of Islamic states without demanding radical secularization” (2). He does so by positioning himself squarely within the ethical and mystical legacy of the Qur’an and traditions of the Prophet. As the book’s title makes clear, the key to this effort of religious recovery is “the cosmology of Ihsan and the worldview of Al-Tasawwuf, the science of Islamic mysticism” (1-2). For Islamist activists whose models of Islam have more to do with contemporary identity politics than a deep reading of Islamic traditions, Khan’s foregrounding of Ihsan may seem unfamiliar or baffling. But one of the many achievements of this book is the skill with which it plumbs the depth of scripture, classical commentaries, and tasawwuf practices to recover and confirm the ethic that lies at their heart. “The Quran promises that God is with those who do beautiful things,” the author reminds us (Khan 2019:1). The concept of Ihsan appears 191 times in 175 verses in the Quran (110). The concept is given its richest elaboration, Khan explains, in the famous hadith of the Angel Gabriel. This tradition recounts that when Gabriel appeared before the Prophet he asked, “What is Ihsan?” Both Gabriel’s question and the Prophet’s response make clear that Ihsan is an ideal at the center of the Qur’an and Sunna of the Prophet, and that it enjoins “perfection, goodness, to better, to do beautiful things and to do righteous deeds” (3). It is this cosmological ethic that Khan argues must be restored and implemented “to develop a political philosophy … that emphasizes love over law” (2). In its expansive exploration of Islamic ethics and civilization, Khan’s Islam and Good Governance will remind some readers of the late Shahab Ahmed’s remarkable book, What is Islam? The Importance of Being Islamic (Ahmed 2016). Both are works of impressive range and spiritual depth. But whereas Ahmed stood in the humanities wing of Islamic studies, Khan is an intellectual polymath who moves easily across the Islamic sciences, social theory, and comparative politics. He brings the full weight of his effort to conclusion with policy recommendations for how “to combine Sufism with political theory” (6), and to do so in a way that recommends specific “Islamic principles that encourage good governance, and politics in pursuit of goodness” (8).
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