Journal articles: '+219.688'

1

Choi, Hoo Mi, Jang Ah Kim, Yu Jin Cho, Taeh Yun Hwang, Jon Woo Lee, and Tae Sung Kim. "Surface Cleaning of Graphene by CO₂ Cluster." Solid State Phenomena 219 (September 2014): 68–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.219.68.

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Graphene has attracted researchers due to its unique physical properties [1]. However, residues on surface can act as contaminants which further have adverse effects on its performance. As synthetic graphene has inherent surface roughness which can also affect the weak adhesion of layers and leakage points. In order to improve the mechanical and electrical properties, the graphene surface should be uncontaminated. In general practice wet cleaning methods, containing hazardous chemical and solvents are used to remove the residues from graphene surface [2, 3]. To avoid chemicals, mechanical cleaning of graphene using contact mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been tried. However, the contact mode AFM cleaning is a limited in cleaning area and the cleaning procedure takes a long time. Recently, CO2 cluster cleaning shows benefits that overcomes these problems. Herein we report the use of CO2 cluster to clean the graphene surface without affecting its inherent properties for the first time. The CO2 cluster treated graphene samples were evaluated by AFM for its roughness change and residual contamination.

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Yu, Quan Mao. "The Synthesis and Morphology Control of High after-Grow Intensity SrAl₂O₄: Eu, Dy Phosphors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.678.

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High after-grow intensity with controllable morphology SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy phosphors were synthesized by an innovative combustion-melted-salt-assistant-Sol-Gel (CMSASG) method, by using Oxides, Carbonate, Nitric acid, Polyethylene glycols and Urea as raw materials, Gel-forming at 100°C, Combustion under 450°C, Melted-salt-calcination at 1250°C. The luminescent intensity and after-grow intensity of the SrAl2O4: Eu, Dy phosphors with the suitable pair-dope synthesized by CMSASG method are higher than those of commercial samples. The size of the phosphor with excellent luminescent characteristics and shape of sphericity or near sphericity synthesized can be controlled from about 200 nm to 10 μm.

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Hwang, Chuan Chou, Chen Chia Chou, Jyh Liang Wang, Tsang Yen Hsieh, and Jui Te Tseng. "The Lithium Doping Effect on (Na_0.5K_0.5)NbO₃ Lead-Free Piezo-Ceramics Structure Stability and Ferroelectric Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.682.

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The structure stability、micro-structure and electrical properties of lithium doping on potassium sodium niobate ceramics (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 (NKN) were investigated in this study. Solid oxide mixing method with post calcination and sintering was employed to fabricate(Na0.5K0.5)(1-x) LixNbO3 ceramic. Lithium oxide was adopted as the sintering aids. For Li doping x=6 mol% in (Na0.5K0.5)(1-x) LixNbO3 ceramic a optimal crystallization and electrical properties could be achieved after 650°C calcination and 1060°C sintering. Ferroelectric properties of the lead-free ceramic behaved a coercive field of 12.5kV/cm and remanent polarization as high as 30uC/cm2.

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Sun, Nan Hai. "Efficiency Inorganic Thin Film Solar Cells with Flexible Substrate." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.686.

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The development of CdTe/CdS solar cells on flexible substrates is reviewed in this article. Photovoltaic structures on lightweight and flexible substrates have several advantages over the heavy glass based structures in both terrestrial and space applications. The cells mounted on flexible foil are not fragile, the requirements of the supporting structures are minimum and they can be wrapped onto any suitably oriented or curved structures. The specific power of the solar cells is an important factor in space applications and hence development of photovoltaic devices on light weight substrates is interesting. CdTe is one of the leading candidates for photovoltaic applications due to its optimum band gap for the efficient photo-conversion and robustness for industrial production with a variety of film preparation methods. Flexible solar cells with conversion efficiencies exceeding 11% have been developed on polyimide foils. The development of CdTe devices on metallic substrates is impeded due to the lack of a proper ohmic contact between CdTe and the substrate. The polymer substrate has the advantage that the devices can be prepared in both “superstrate” and “substrate” configurations.

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Nohara, Takahiko, Misao Ueda, Akira Ohta, and Toshitugu Sugimoto. "Correlation of Body Growth and Bone Mineral Density Measured by Ultrasound Densitometry of the Calcaneus in Children and Adolescents." Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 219, no. 1 (2009): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1620/tjem.219.63.

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Shah, L. H., N. F. Zainal Ariffin, and Akhtar Razul Razali. "Parameter Optimization of AA6061-AA7075 Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding Using the Taguchi Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 695 (November 2014): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.695.20.

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In this study, the Taguchi method was utilized to determine the optimum process parameters for dissimilar friction stir welding between AA6061 and AA7075 aluminium alloys. The Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and optimization approach was applied on three levels of three critical factors, namely rotational speed, transverse speed and tool tilt angle. The optimum levels of process parameters were determined through the Taguchi parametric design approach. Through the parameter analysis, the predicted value of the dissimilar joint’s tensile strength was calculated to be 209.7 MPa, which is in close proximity to the experimental data (219.6 MPa) with 4.5% error. It can be concluded that a high tensile value of 219.6 MPa was achieved using 1000 rpm rotational speed, 110 mm/min travel speed and 3 ̊ tilt angle.

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Nikolaev, N. I., A. V. Shipulin, and K. S. Kupavikh. "Energy efficiency improvement of well development." St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University Journal 219, no. 2 (June 2015): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5862/jest.219.6.

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8

Paganelli, Gabriele. "Horn Binary Serialization Analysis." Electronic Proceedings in Theoretical Computer Science 219 (July 14, 2016): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4204/eptcs.219.6.

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9

Roure, Marie Christine, Sylvain Vialle, Mickaël Rebaud, Hervé Fontaine, and Pascal Besson. "Cross-Contamination Risk Evaluation during Fabrication of III-V Devices in a Silicon Processing Environment." Solid State Phenomena 219 (September 2014): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.219.63.

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III-V semiconductor compounds are increasingly studied for their interesting properties in the fields of microelectronics, optoelectronics, infrared detectors or solar cells. Firstly, they are promising candidates to replace silicon as a channel material. As CMOS scales beyond the 22 nm node it is widely expected that new higher mobility channel materials such as InxGa1-xAs will have to be introduced [1]. On the other hand, III-V materials have a direct bandgap making them useful for optoelectronic devices or high-efficiency multijunction photovoltaic cells. For these applications InP, GaAs and their alloys as InxGa1-xAs and GaxIn1-xP are investigated [2]. Depending on the targeted applications, several possible integration routes of III-V components could be considered: from 100 mm III-V substrates to III-V epitaxial layers grown on 300 mm silicon wafers as well as a few square centimetres chips bonded on 200 or 300 mm carrier wafers for photonics applications. In all cases, the manufacturing of devices requires a multitude of wet chemical steps including selective etching steps (from a few nanometres up to several microns) and cleaning steps (metallic or particles contamination removal).

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10

Shi, Xing Bo, Ju Lin Wang, and Xiao Ping Cai. "Effect of Low Molecular Weight Ethylene Homopolymer on Structure and Properties of Bimodal High Density Polyethylene." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.603.

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The effect of low molecular weight (LMW) ethylene homoploymer on the structure and properties of bimodal high density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied by blending two commercial bimodal HDPE resins (tandem reactor) with two types of LWM ethylene homopolymer. The molecule weight and molecule weight distribution, crystsallinity, rheological and mechanical properties of composites were characterized by high temperature gel permeation chromatography (HT-GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), capillary rheometer respectively. For composites of bimodal HDPE and LMW ethylene homopolymer, the polydispersity index (PDI) and crystallinity can be effectively increased when reduce the molecular weight of first reactor in tandem reactor. The viscosity of composites decreases at high shear rate. Increasing of LMW component has a positive effect on processing properties and tensile strength, while makes composites brittle.

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11

Zhang, Xiao Ying, Guo Hui Wang, Dan Liu, and Xin Hua Deng. "Study on Magnesium Hydroxide Sulfate Whisker and Organo- Modified MMT on Flame Retarded Liquid Silicone Rubber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 609–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.609.

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Taking two-component additional liquid silicone rubber (LSR) as base rubber, silica white carbon black as reinforcing packing material. Analyze and compare the combustion performance and mechanical properties of three flame retardant liquid silicone rubber compound, including Magnesium Hydroxide Sulfate Whisker(MHSH), the stearic acid sodium surface treatment of MHSH(MHSH-1), MHSH-1 and organo-modified MMT (MHSH-1/OMMT). The results show that the MHSH-1/OMMT can improve the tensile strength of LSR, and have a unique advantage in improving the flame resistance of LSR.

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Fu, Jing Shun, and Zhong Min Gao. "Application of SLP Method in Rubber Powder Workshop." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 612–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.612.

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In this article, system layout planning (SLP) method analyzes the relationship between the refined rubber workshop logistics and the mutual relationship between logistic, draw up the position related figure of operating unit and relevant figure of operating unit area. According to the actual situation of the rubber factory, it determines three sets of optimizing distribution schemes, and uses the weighted factor method to evaluate the schemes, so as to determine the optimal arrangement scheme, each operating unit facilities layout planning unit has its guiding significance.

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13

Yang, Xue, Li Qian Huang, and Long Di Cheng. "Study on the Structure and the Properties of Akund Fiber." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.617.

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Structure and property of akund fiber were studied. Length, linear density, infrared spectrum, X-ray diffractogram, thermal property and tensile property of akund fiber were tested and contrasted to cotton and kapok. The results indicated that akund fiber length is about 31mm and linear density is about 1 dtex; its projection diameter is close to kapok. Akund fiber contains a relative large content of lignin. All of the three kinds of fibers are cellulose I crystal, the crystallinity of akund fiber is the smallest and is only 28.92%. Breaking strength and breaking elongation rate of akund fiber is smaller than that of cotton and larger than that of kapok.

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14

Xu, Jun, Yu Zhu Xiong, Wen You, and Cai Juan Huang. "The Reseach of the Morphology and Mechanical Properties of PA6/POE-g-MAH/OMMT Ternary Blends." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.622.

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Prepared POE-g-MAH/PA6, POE-g-MAH/OMMT/PA6 blends. The morphology of the blends had been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM),and the blends had been detected by mechanical performance test. Test results showed that with the increasing of the content of POE-g-MAH’quality, PA6 / POE-g-MAH notched impact strength showed a increaing trend, but tensile strength showed a decling trend;POE-g-MAH/OMMT which is Core-shell structure could greatly increase the effective volume fraction of POE-g-MAH, paly a role of synergistic toughening for PA6 matrix.

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15

Kim, Seung Hun. "Shear Strength of Void Slab with Polystyrene Forms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 626–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.626.

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Void slab systems with polystyrene form and precast concrete deck have been used to reduce the construction period and the self-weight of the slab. This paper presents experimental works on the shear of the void slabs. Four specimens were tested. The main parameters of experiments were the type of polystyrene forms and the thickness of slab. Shear performances of void slabs were evaluated on the basis of failure patterns, load-displacement curves, and ultimate shear strengths. Based on the test results, the unidirectional void slabs had the best shear resistance performance when they used PF2 type of polystyrene forms. For all specimens that failed due to shear, ultimate shear strength was 52% or higher than nominal shear strength by ACI318-08. This indicates that void slabs have a sufficient shear performance in the truss bar arrangement direction

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16

Wen, You, Yu Zhu Xiong, Jun Xu, and Cai Juan Huang. "The Influence of Temperature on Toughness of PA6/POE-G-MAH/OMMT Blends." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 630–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.630.

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Composite materials of POE-g-MAH，OMMT and PA6 were prepared by blending technology. Thermodynamic performances of PA6/POE-g-MAH/OMMT were determined in different temperature by SEM, TEM and XRD. The experimental results indicate that the notched impact strength of bends with the same component gradually increases as temperature increases in the range of -37 °C-23°C ,and with POE-g-MAH/OMMT content increasing, the impact strength keeps rising and stress whitening occurs; But at 50°C, higher than the glass transition temperature of PA6/POE-g-MAH/OMMT , plastic deformation begins easily and strongly. Because POE-g-MAH to a certain content, the stress state changes from plane strain to plane stress, make the ability of plastic deformation increasing .The plastic deformation absorbs many impact energy, and make the stress whitening phenomenon.

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17

Ding, Nai Xiu, Li Li Wang, Mao Sheng Zhan, Lei Li, and Shuai Feng Xu. "The Fluidity and AC Impedance of Polypropylene Composites Filled with Activated Carbon Black." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.634.

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In this paper, carbon black was activated by grafting and coupling respectively. Then the grafted carbon black, coupled carbon black, together with the unmodified carbon black were filled into polypropylene to prepare three kinds of composites respectively. The measurements of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), melt flow index, and alternating current (AC) impedance were performed on the composites. From the FTIR spectra, it was shown that different groups are bonded to the surface of carbon black after activating treatment For the corresponding conductive composites，it was found that the variation of fluidity with carbon black content and temperature changed after the carbon black activation. The influence of carbon black activation on the AC impedance and fluidity of the composites was analyzed. The scheme describing the interaction between carbon black and polypropylene in composites was given according to the results mentioned above.

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Ding, Nai Xiu, Li Li Wang, Mao Sheng Zhan, Liang Liu, and Shuai Feng Xu. "AC Electrical Properties of Titanate-Linkcoupled Carbon Black Filled Polypropylene Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.644.

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In this paper, Carbon black was activated using titanate-type coupling agent, and then filled into polypropylene to prepare conductive composites, whose alternating current (AC) electrical properties, including impendence Z, phase angel θ, dielectric constantε and dissipation factor tgδ that is a function of frequency and carbon black concentration were investigated by AC impedance spectroscopy. The percolation threshold of 5wt% carbon black concentration was obtained from the experimental result of volume resistivity for the conductive composites. It was found that the variation of AC electrical properties, which is a function of frequency, was dramatic and dependent on the filler concentration. It was also found that dependence of the real and the imaginary parts of impendence on frequency decreased with the increased concentration of carbon black, while the phase angle, dielectric constant and dissipation factor increased. The AC electrical properties were given based on the conductive network model and the corresponding equivalent circuit were concluded

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Jo, Nam Ju, Dong Wook Kim, Tae Wun Kang, Hyun Park, In Won Lee, and Ho Hwan Chun. "The Effect of Hydrophilic Components of Zinc Based Copolymer on its Self Polishing Behavior." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 652–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.652.

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The zinc methacrylate copolymers with various monomer compositions were prepared for investigating the effects of zinc methacrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate contents on self polishing behavior. The effect of molecular weight of the self polishing copolymer(SPC) was also investigated. The characterizations of copolymers were performed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. The leaching rate of SPC was determined from the reduction of dry film thickness after seawater immersion in a dynamic condition. The experimental results revealed that leaching rate and mechanical property of the film could be controlled by the hydrophilic monomer composition of zinc based copolymer.

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Chen, Yi, Wen Yong Liu, Guang Sheng Zeng, Xiang Gang Li, and Ling Gu. "Study on the Synthesis of Polyester Type Waterborne Polyurethane and Modifying by Nano-Sized Particles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.656.

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The waterborne polyurethane was prepared by reaction between polyester polyol and isophorone diisocyanat, different nanoparticles were filled into the system for modification. The effect of different ratio of materials, the kinds and mass of nanoparticles on the characters of waterborne polyurethane latex and film were investigated. The results showed that the stable polyurethane latex and polyurethane film with perfect characters could be prepared when the ratio of NNCO/NOH was 2.5~3.0, the DMPA with a mass fraction of 5%~6% was added into reaction as a macromolecule extender after adding small molecule chain extender BPO. Filling nanoparticles into the polyurethane latex could improve the water resistance and mechanical characters of the film. Nano-sized SiO2 was a better modifier than TiO2, and the appropriate mass fraction of SiO2 was 6% of polyurethane raw materials.

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Hu, Ning Ning, Hao Han Huang, and Hong Zhi Cui. "The Effects of Synthesis Conditions on PUF Microcapsule Morphology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 661–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.661.

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In this paper, self-healing PUF microcapsules were prepared by in situ polymerization. The test results show that: 1) the ratio of core/wall material can had a significant effect on the average particle size of microcapsules. The ratio happens to be 1.0 to 1.0, best coating, relatively dense surface can be achieved. When the ratio reaches 1.4 to 1.0, the microcapsules have worst coating, particle size, distribution of wide range, and comparatively rough surface. When the ratio is 0.8 to 1.0 or 1.2 to 1.0, preferable coating, uniform particle size and its distribution, as well as smooth and dense surface can be obtained. 2) The faster the stirring speed, the smaller the particle size of microcapsule will be. And the size becomes bigger and varied with the stirring speed decreasing.

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Ba, Shu Hong, Zhe Zhang, Ming Hui Yan, Zhe Xing Sun, and Xin Peng Teng. "Effect of Nano-CuO on Luminous Intensity of Pyrotechnics Composite Containing KClO₄ and Al." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 669–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.669.

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Nano-CuO had been successfully synthesized by using direct precipitation method. The prepared sample was characterized by XRD. The luminous intensities of pyrotechnics composite containing KClO4, Mg and nano-CuO were measured. The catalysis of CuO nanocrystal on KClO4 was investigated by thermal analysis instrument. The results show that the average size of nano-CuO is 19 nm and has spherical-shape. When nano-CuO is added into the pyrotechnics composites containing KClO4 and Al, it can improve the igniting and burning performance. The luminous intensity of trinary pyrotechnics composite is also greatly increased. On the other hand, nano-CuO can make thermal decomposition temperature of KClO4 to decrease 97.7 °C, the decalescence amount also reduced to 79.07 J/g. It is obviously that nano-CuO has strong catalysis to KClO4 thermal decomposition. The conclusion is consistent with the measure results of luminous intensity.

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Ding, Nai Xiu, Li Li Wang, Mao Sheng Zhan, Lei Li, and Shuai Feng Xu. "Explorative Research on the Magnetostriction of Carbon Black Filled Polypropylene Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.673.

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Carbon black (CB) filled polypropylene composites were prepared, with CB modified by coupling agent. Three phenomena could be observed during the course of the magnetostrictive properties measurement. The first was that a relative large magnetostriction of 115ppm, comparative with that of metallic material, was obtained. The second was that the magnetostriction was strongly dependent on magnetic intensity and time interval. And the third was that obvious hysteresis effect appeared which was seldom found for material of TbxD1-xFe2-y thought as typical magnetostritive material.

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Fu, Gui Wu, Jun Liu, and Yu Hua Wang. "The Development of Permanent Strong Magnets and its Application in the Deironing of Kaolin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.690.

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This paper considered that putting the specialized soft magnetic material in the permanent magnetic field with a particular structure and the magnetic field strength can make it be magnetized, finally the surface of the soft magnetic material will produce twice strength than that of original permanent magnetic field. And we made a analysis for said phenomenon. We introduce d the deironing machines of permanent magnet strong magnet and high-gradient permanent magnet which are manufactured based on this principle. They can effectively remove the iron mineral of "kaolin" and its principles and structure is simple but it has the advantages of high efficiecy, energy saving, environmental protection. So it provides important references to chemical industry, ceramics and other industries which apply kaolin technologies.

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Chen, S. B., and Z. Y. Zhong. "Optical and Dielectric Characteristics of Photoactive Layer Thin Films for Organic Photovoltaic Cells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.695.

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The thin films of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH- PPV) used as photoactive layer in organic photovoltaic cells were prepared on glass substrates by the spin-coating technique. The transmittance spectra of thin films were measured by a double beam spectrophotometer. The optical constants such as refractive index and extinction coefficient of the thin films were determined from the measured transmittance spectra using the method of whole optical spectrum fitting. The complex dielectric constant and the complex optical conductivity of the thin films were obtained. In addition, the optical bandgap of the thin film were calculated according to the Tauc's law. The results show that the thin films exhibit direct allowed transitions and the optical bandgap is about 2.18 eV. These results provide some useful references for the design and optimization of device structure in organic photovoltaic cells.

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Yang, Hai Bo, and Shao Liang Chang. "A LED Reflector Design and Research for Uniform Rectangular Illumination." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 699–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.699.

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In order to utilizing the light flux reasonably and effectively, the LED reflector which is designed according to light reflection principle, makes the light emitted from LED resource spread in a specific direction through reflection. The problems about LED oblique illumination are described in the paper. By comparing the optical properties of elliptical and parabolic and using the optical modeling software, a compound trough reflector is designed. The irradiance map of optical simulation shows that a uniform rectangular spot is shaped on the lighting plane and the optical efficiency reach up to 72.3％.

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Liang, Jian Xun, and Yun Tao Cai. "Application of Advanced Carbon Fiber Composite Material in Sport Equipments." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.63.

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Advanced composite material not only is widely applied in aerospace, automobile and other industry fields, but also is one of the best materials for developing sport equipments. This paper introduces the advantages of carbon fiber composite material application in sport equipments and clarifies that application of this kind of high-tech material in sport equipments can greatly improve sport achievement by use of typical examples. Carbon fiber composite material has become one of essential novel materials for developing modern sport equipments.

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Xia, Yi, and Hong Fang Li. "Tensile Behavior of 2.5D C/SiCN Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.67.

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Tensile behavior of C fiber reinforced amorphous SiCN ceramic matrix composites (C/SiCN ) were investigated by tensile machine. The microstructure morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that the tensile stress-strain curves of C/SiCN composites dispaly typical elastic deformation and cracks propagation stages. The 1500°C pre-sabilization treatment of C/SiCN in vacuum facilitates room temperature tensile stress growth. The higher treated temperature such as 1900°C is yet opposite. The reasons were attributed to thermal stress relaxation of C/SiCN after pre-stabilization treatment in vacuum.

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Margot-Duclos, Jean-Luc. "Paris et la France. La marque du territoire, ou un marketing rêvé ?" Revue française de gestion 37, no. 218-219 (December 28, 2011): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/rfg.218-219.67-89.

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An, Yu, Genpei Li, and Binggen Ru. "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of metallothionein II from rabbit liver." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 55, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 1242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444999005430.

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Metallothionein II (Mw = 6.8 kDa), induced by cadmium and purified from rabbit liver, has been crystallized in space group P6222 or P6422. The unit-cell parameters were a = b = 113.4, c = 219.1 Å, α = β = 90.0, γ = 120.0° when crystallized from sodium citrate buffer and a = b = 113.4, c = 219.6 Å, α = β = 90.0, γ = 120.0° when crystallized from Tris–HCl buffer. There are 12 molecules per asymmetric unit and the solvent content is about 57%.

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Soydan, A. S., H. S. Dokmetas, M. Cetin, A. Koyuncu, E. Kaptanoglu, and H. Elden. "The Evaluation of the Role of Beta-Hydroxy Fatty Acids on Chronic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance." Mediators of Inflammation 2006 (2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mi/2006/64980.

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β-hydroxy fatty acids are a major component of lipid A moiety of lipopolysaccaride. We aimed to investigate the role of freeβ-hydroxy fatty acids on inflammation, as well as to evaluate their effects on cytokine release from human blood cells, and whether they exist in plasma of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases with/without insulin resistance. Peripheral venous blood was incubated withβ-hydroxy lauric andβ-hydroxy myristic acids (each 100 ng, 1μg, 10μg/mL) up to 24 hours. Cytokines were measured from culture media and plasma. Free fatty acids and biochemical parameters were also measured from patients' plasma. Onlyβ-hydroxy lauric acid significantly stimulated interleukin-6 production at 10μg/mL compared to control (533.9±218.1versus438.3±219.6pg/mL,P<.05). However, freeβ-hydroxy lauric and myristic acids were not found in patients' plasma. Therefore, freeβ-hydroxy lauric and myristic acids do not seem to have a role on sterile inflammation in chronic inflammatory diseases associated with insulin resistance.

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Sreeharsha, Nagaraja, Nimbagal Raghavendra Naveen, Posina Anitha, Prakash S. Goudanavar, Sundarapandian Ramkanth, Santosh Fattepur, Mallikarjun Telsang, Mohammed Habeebuddin, and Md Khalid Answer. "Development of Nanocrystal Compressed Minitablets for Chronotherapeutic Drug Delivery." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 3 (March 4, 2022): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15030311.

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The present work aimed to develop a chronotherapeutic system of valsartan (VS) using nanocrystal formulation to improve dissolution. VS nanocrystals (VS-NC) were fabricated using modified anti-solvent precipitation by employing a Box–Behnken design to optimize various process variables. Based on the desirability approach, a formulation containing 2.5% poloxamer, a freezing temperature of −25 °C, and 24 h of freeze-drying time can fulfill the optimized formulation’s requirements to result in a particle size of 219.68 nm, 0.201 polydispersity index, and zeta potential of −38.26 mV. Optimized VS-NC formulation was compressed (VNM) and coated subsequently with ethyl cellulose and HPMC E 5. At the same time, fast dissolving tablets of VS were designed, and the best formulation was loaded with VNM into a capsule size 1 (average fill weight—400–500 mg, lock length—19.30 mm, external diameter: Cap—6.91 mm; Body—6.63 mm). The final tab in cap (tablet-in-capsule) system was studied for in vitro dissolution profile to confirm the chronotherapeutic release of VS. As required, a bi-pulse release of VS was identified with a lag time of 5 h. The accelerated stability studies confirmed no significant changes in the dissolution profiles of the tab in cap system (f2 similarity profile: >90). To conclude, the tab in cap system was successfully developed to induce a dual pulsatile release, which will ensure bedtime dosing with release after a lag-time to match with early morning circadian spikes.

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Xu, Shu Min, Xin Ying Teng, Xing Jing Ge, and Jin Yang Zhang. "Effect of Nd Content and Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn-Nd Alloy." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.124.

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In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast and heat treatment of Mg-Zn-Nd alloy was investigated. The alloy was manufactured by a conventional casting method, and then subjected to a heat treatment. The results showed that the microstructure of as-cast alloy was comprised of α-Mg matrix and Mg12Nd phase. With increase of Nd content, the grain size gradually decreased from 25.38 μm to 9.82 μm. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation at room temperature of the Mg94Zn2Nd4 alloy can be reached to 219.63 MPa and 5.31%. After heat treatment, part of the second phase dissolved into the magnesium matrix and the grain size became a little larger than that of the as-cast. The ultimate tensile strength was declined by about 2.5%, and the elongation was increased to 5.47%.

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Sivakumar, D., S. Govindasami, J. Asanammal Saral, D. Arun, and T. Durai Arasu. "Groundwater Quality Assessment in Ambattur Industrial Estate." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (September 1, 2018): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.19343.

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Groundwater is generally used for various purposes, particularly domestic and industrial purposes in all over the world. Fresh water from groundwater sources is high in the recent years and the groundwater is polluted high because of rapid population and industrial growth. It is very difficult to restore the contaminated groundwater by various pollutants. Hence, it is important to analyse physico-chemical parameters of groundwater for its need for various sectors. Therefore, the present study was under taken to define the quality of groundwater with the help of WQI. The ground water samples were collected from 20 different places around Ambattur Industrial Estate in Chennai city. The groundwater quality assessment showed that the water quality of bore wells around Ambattur Industrial Estate is poor for drinking purpose as per WQI for BIS acceptable limit. WQI observed from those selected 20 groundwater bore wells are ranging from 63.30 to 219.63. The analysis reveals that the groundwater from the Ambattur Industrial Estate needs pre-treatment before it is being used for various purposes.

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Aremu, MO, TC Yashim, H. Ibrahim, EI Adeyeye, MO Omosebi, and BE Ablaku. "Nutritional quality assessment of commonly sold steamed bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc) pastes in Lafia motor parks, Nasarawa state, Nigeria." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 57, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v57i1.58898.

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The proximate, amino acid, and mineral compositions of commonly sold steamed bambara groundnut pastes in two different motor parks (SBGM and SBGJ) were investigated using standard procedures and methods. The respective proximate composition values (g/100g sample) of SBGM and SBGJ were: moisture (3.02 and 3.57), ash (7.13 and 7.69), crude fat (14.98 and 18.94), crude protein (21.46 and 19.34), crude fibre (5.90 and 7.34), and carbohydrate by difference (47.53 and 43.14). The most abundant minerals in the samples were potassium (219.63 and 232.86 mg/100g), followed by sodium (164.25 and 158.41 mg/100g). The amino acid profile of the proteins revealed that both samples contained nutritionally beneficialquantities of most essential amino acids. The total essential amino acid (TEAA) (with His) was 42.89 and 45.08g/100g for SBGM and SBGJ samples, respectively. The calculated isoelectric point (pI) and predicted protein efficiency ratio (P-PER) for the samples were (4.22 and 5.18) and (2.08 and 2.45). Valine was the first limiting amino acid in both samples. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 57(1), 27-40, 2022

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Sabullah, Mohd Khalizan, and Mohd Ezuan Khayat. "Assessment of inhibitive assay for insecticides using acetylcholinesterase from Puntius schwanenfeldii." Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v3i2.278.

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In this study, the substrate specificity and the inhibition kinetics of various types of insecticides to the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from a local fish; Puntius schwanenfeldii were investigated. The substrate specificity determination was done using three thiocholine substrates, which were ATC, PTC and BTC. The results showed that he partially purified cholinesterase from Puntius schwanenfeldii that preferred ATC is a true AChE. The Km and Vmax values of AChE for these substrates were 16.61 mmol and 286.5 U/mg for ATC, 19.92 mmol and 245.3 U/mg for PTC, and 48.64 mmol and 219.6 U/mg for BTC, respectively. The IC50 values for the carbamates bendiocarb, carbaryl, propoxur, carbofuran and methomyl were 0.838, 7.045, 29.441, 1.411 and 8.335 mg/L, respectively, which were comparable to the IC50 values for carbamates from several AChE from fish.

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Setiawati, Dewi, Bambang Jatmika, and Muhammad Rizal Aditya. "Pengaruh Limbah Logam Pada Kuat Tekan Beton." Jurnal TESLINK : Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/teslink.v2i1.47.

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This study aims to determine the effects of nickel slag in the concrete mixture and on its compressive strength value. In this study, cylindrical specimen having 15cm diameter and 30cm height is used. We have used nickel slag as substitute of coarse aggregate in weight ratio of 25%, 50% & 100% respectively of coarse aggregate in sample. The ratio of concrete mixture used in this study is comprised of ratio 1:2:3 of cement, sand & gravel respectively. Compressive strength was used as a parameter for testing the samples in this study. Test was performed using compression Testing machine, from the test results, the mean value of the average compressive strength of cylindrical concrete at the age of 3 days with a 25% variant nickel slag is 134.02 kg / cm2, 50% variant nickel slag is 165.76 kg / cm2, and 70% variant nickel slag is 148.92 kg / cm2, at age 7 days for the 25% is 219.61 kg / cm2, the 50% variant is 191.27 kg / cm2, and the 70% is 181.57 kg / cm2, while at the age of 28 days the 25% is 275.09 kg / cm2, the 50% iis equal to 296.28 kg / cm2, and the 70% is 225.37kg / cm2

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Hardine, Linkha, Dian Budhi Santoso, and Ridwan Satrio Hadikusuma. "ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF STAR DELTA SYSTEM IN REDUCE ELECTRIC STARTING SURGE IN 3 PHASE MOTORS." Electrician 16, no. 2 (May 27, 2022): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/elc.v16n2.2288.

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Operations in the industry today use induction motors. There are several types of induction motors, one of which is a 3-phase induction motor. In the use of a 3-phase induction motor, there are several problems at the beginning, one of which is that there is a current surge in the starting received by the windings or rotor of a 3-phase induction motor which will cause damage to the motor windings. In previous research, research has been carried out to reduce electric starting spikes in 3 phase motors by lowering the frequency in a study entitled "Adjusting the Speed of a 3 Phase Induction Motor by Changing the Frequency Using the ALTIVAR 12P Inverter" it was found that the frequency of the regulated voltage was low and stable to minimize inrush current in 3-phase motor starting. Therefore, research was conducted on a system that can reduce these problems, namely the use of a star-delta system on a 3-phase motor to reduce electrical starting spikes in a 3-phase motor. In this study, the electric current value was 0.59 A, the star-circuit voltage value was 219.65 V, and the short-circuit current value was 1.01 A.

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Velderrain-Rodríguez, Gustavo R., Javier Quero, Jesús Osada, Olga Martín-Belloso, and María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi. "Phenolic-Rich Extracts from Avocado Fruit Residues as Functional Food Ingredients with Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Properties." Biomolecules 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11070977.

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In this study, the total phenolic compounds content and profile, the nutritional value, the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of avocado peel, seed coat, and seed extracts were characterized. Additionally, an in-silico analysis was performed to identify the phenolic compounds with the highest intestinal absorption and Caco-2 permeability. The avocado peel extract possessed the highest content of phenolic compounds (309.95 ± 25.33 mMol GA/100 g of extract) and the lowest effective concentration (EC50) against DPPH and ABTS radicals (72.64 ± 10.70 and 181.68 ± 18.47, respectively). On the other hand, the peel and seed coat extracts had the lowest energy densities (226.06 ± 0.06 kcal/100 g and 219.62 ± 0.49 kcal/100 g, respectively). Regarding the antiproliferative activity, the avocado peel extract (180 ± 40 µg/mL) showed the lowest inhibitory concentration (IC50), followed by the seed (200 ± 21 µg/mL) and seed coat (340 ± 32 µg/mL) extracts. The IC50 of the extracts induced apoptosis in Caco-2 cells at the early and late stages. According to the in-silico analysis, these results could be related to the higher Caco-2 permeability to hydroxysalidroside, salidroside, sakuranetin, and luteolin. Therefore, this study provides new insights regarding the potential use of these extracts as functional ingredients with antioxidant and antiproliferative properties and as medicinal agents in diseases related to oxidative stress such as cancer.

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Hug, M. I., V. Buettiker, A. Cornelius, and M. Weiss. "Variability in Infusion Pressure and Continuous Flow Rate Delivered from Pressurized Bag Pump Flush Systems." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 30, no. 3 (June 2002): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0203000313.

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Using 10 different infusion bag pressure pumps, indicated manometer pressures were compared with measured infusion pressures proximal to the flow-regulating device in an in vitro experiment. Flow rates delivered through the flow-regulating device were gravimetrically measured at different monitored pressure levels. Significant differences were found between manometer and measured infusion pressures among the tested pressure bag pumps (e.g. 500 ml bag volume pressurized to 300mmHg manometer pressure: 219.6±7.8 to 407.2±2.7 mmHg). The infusion pressures were additionally affected by the vertical level of the infusion bag pump and by the volume of the infusion bag. Flow rates delivered through the flow-regulating device were directly correlated to the measured infusion pressure (r 2 =0.9926). Differences in flow rates can have a considerable impact on maintaining catheter patency and avoidance of fluid overload and retrograde flushing into the central arterial circulation in neonates and small children. A simple manoeuvre using the invasive pressure transducer allows monitoring and adjustment of the infusion pressure in the clinical setting.

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Putra, Dianestu, Lies Mira Yusiati, and Ristianto Utomo. "Estimasi Sintesis Protein Mikrobia Rumen Menggunakan Ekskresi Derivat Purin dalam Urin dengan Teknik Spot Sampling pada Kambing Bligon dan Kambing Kejobong." Buletin Peternakan 40, no. 3 (November 3, 2016): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.21059/buletinpeternak.v40i3.12766.

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This study were aimed to determine the correlation between concentration of purine derivatives (PD) in spot sample with PD total excretion in Bligon and Kejobong goats and determine the appropriate sampling time, in order to predicting microbial protein synthesis in both breeds. Six male Bligon goats and six male Kejobong goats with age range from 8 to 14 months and body weight from 16 to 21 kg were placed in metabolism cages. Peanut straw and water were given to both groups of goats through ad libitum feeding and drinking. The study was done in 14 days for adaptation, 3 days for collection. Sample of feeds, feed residues, and feces were collected and then analyzed to determine dry matter and organic matter content. Spot urine and the total daily urine samples were also collected. Samples collection of spot sampling technique was run by taking the urine periodically with 3 hours intervals at 24 hours. Urine samples were analyzed for the content of creatinine and PD which includes allantoin, uric acid, xanthine, and hypoxanthine. Data were tested for the correlation between concentration of PD spot urine sample with total PD daily excretion. It is known that the concentration of PD and creatinine (µmol/L) for Bligon were 1,418.40 and 202.85 respectively, while for Kejobong were 1,547.40 and 219.68 respectively. Total excretion of PD, allantoin, uric acid, xanthyne and hypoxanthine and creatinine (µmol/W0,75/day) for Bligon were 114.14, 95.86, 17.31, 0.97, and 16.40 respectively, with microbial protein synthesis efficiency was 4.61 g N/kg degraded of organic matter in rumen (DOMR). Total excretion of PD allantoin, uric acid, xanthyne and hypoxanthine and creatinine (µmol/W0,75/day) for Kejobong were 180.18, 158.17, 20.60, 1.40, and 24.87 respectively, with microbial protein synthesis efficiency was 6.90 g N/kg DOMR. Based on this study also known that the best time for spot sampling to determine the total excretion of PD in Bligon was in the range time of 11.00 am to 2.00 pm, with equation Y=1.474X+48.81, while Kejobong goat in the range of 2.00 to 5.00 pm, with equation Y=2.678X+5.692.

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Bisht, Neema, V. K. Sah, Kavita Satyawali, and Salil Tiwari. "Comparison of wheat yield and soil properties under open and poplar based agroforestry system." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1398.

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Field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2013-14 on an established plantation at old site of Agroforestry Research Centre, Patharchatta of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantna-gar, District Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India to evaluate the effect of poplar based agroforestry system and open system (without poplar) on yield of different wheat varieties and soil physico-chemical properties.The experi-ment was laid out in randomized block design with 4 treatments and each replicated thrice under both the growing conditions. The crop treatments are wheat varieties viz. UP-2572, PBW-550, DBW-711 and PBW-373. The highest grain yield of all the wheat varieties was obtained under open farming system. Highest grain yield of wheat was rec-orded in UP-2572 (45.3 q/ha) under open farming system. Agroforestry is proven land use system for vertically en-hancing soil health against unsuitable weather condition. The distribution of soil properties was detected from the depth 0-15 cm in poplar based agroforestry system and as well as in open system. During the experiment it was found that agroforestry add more nutrients to the soil compared to open system i.e. highest pH (7.9), EC (0.43 dSm-1), available soil nitrogen (253.48 kg/ha), potassium (219.63 kg/ha) were achieved with UP-2572 while organic car-bon (1.07%) and available soil phosphorus (22.72 kg/ha) were attained with DBW-711.

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Jeswal, Punam, and Dhiraj Kumar. "Mycobiota and Natural Incidence of Aflatoxins, Ochratoxin A, and Citrinin in Indian Spices Confirmed by LC-MS/MS." International Journal of Microbiology 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/242486.

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Nine different Indian spices (red chilli, black pepper, turmeric, coriander, cumin, fennel, caraway, fenugreek, and dry ginger) commonly cultivated and highly used in India were analysed for natural occurrence of toxigenic mycoflora and aflatoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), and citrinin (CTN) contamination.Aspergillus flavusandAspergillus nigerwere the most dominant species isolated from all types of spices. Red chilli samples were highly contaminated with aflatoxins (85.4%) followed by dry ginger (77.7%). 56%Aspergillus flavusfrom red chilli and 45%Aspergillus ochraceusfrom black pepper were toxigenic and produced aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively. Qualitative detection and quantitative detection of mycotoxins in spices were analyzed by ELISA and further confirmed by LC-MS/MS.Penicillium citrinumproduced citrinin in red chilli, black pepper, coriander, cumin, fenugreek, and dry ginger samples. The highest amount of AFs was found in red chilli (219.6 ng/g), OTA was in black pepper (154.1 ng/g), and CTN was in dry ginger samples (85.1 ng/g). The results of this study suggest that the spices are susceptible substrate for growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and further mycotoxin production. This is the first report of natural occurrence of citrinin in black pepper and dry ginger from India.

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Machado-Alba, Jorge E., Laura A. Chica-Quintero, Manuel E. Machado-Duque, Andrés Gaviria-Mendoza, Juan David Wilches-Gutierrez, and Diana Rocio Arias-Osorio. "Factors Involved in the Development of Inhibitory Antibodies in Patients with Hemophilia in Colombia: A Case-Control Study." Clinical Medicine Insights: Blood Disorders 13 (January 2020): 263485352096246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2634853520962467.

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Background: The appearance of inhibitory antibodies against antihemophilic factors is one of the most serious complications related to hemophilia. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify variables and factors related to the development of inhibitory antibodies in a group of patients undergoing antihemophilic therapy in Colombia. Methods: A case-control study in patients with hemophilia treated in Specialized Healthcare Provider Institutions (IPS-E) in 21 cities of Colombia of any age and with a diagnosis of inhibitory antibodies against factor VIII or IX during 2016. Four controls per case paired by age and type of hemophilia were used. Sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacological variables were identified and analyzed. Results: Seventeen patients with inhibitory antibodies and 68 controls with hemophilia were identified. The mean age was 28.3 ± 17.8 years. A total of 94.1% had hemophilia A, and 88.2% of the cases and 50.0% of the controls had severe hemophilia; 47.1% of the cases and 54.4% of the controls were receiving prophylaxis with coagulation factors. Multivariate analysis showed that having severe hemophilia (OR:17.0, 95%CI:1.32–219.60) and lack of knowledge of the coagulation factor with which the patient was treated before entering the care program in the IPS-E (OR:8.9, 95%CI:1.82–43.75) were significantly associated with a higher probability of developing inhibitory antibodies. Conclusion and relevance: Coagulation factors associated with the development of inhibitory antibodies were severe hemophilia and lack of knowledge of the type of factor used prior to entering the follow-up cohort.

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Aryal, Anish, Rabin Thapa, and Ritesh Kumar Yadav. "TREND ANALYSIS OF AREA, PRODUCTIVE AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAJOR CITRUS SPECIES CULTIVATED IN KASKI DISTRICT, NEPAL." Food and Agri Economics Review 1, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/faer.01.2021.10.17.

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Kaski is one of the potential districts for citrus production in Nepal. A study was carried out with the objective to assess and analyze the status and trend of area, productive area, production and productivity of citrus in Kaski district, Nepal. For the study, secondary data were collected from “Statistical Information on Nepalese Agriculture” published yearly by MoALD from 1999/00 to 2017/18. Microsoft Excel and XLSTAT were used for data analysis and visualization of data. Mann-Kendall test (M-K test), Sen’s slope method and Standard Normal Homogeneity (SNH) test were used for trend analysis. The results showed that area, productive area and production of overall citrus and mandarin has significantly increasing trend whereas lime, lemon and sweet orange are undermined. The significant change points for area, productive area, production and productivity of citrus were detected from 2007/08 to 2011/12. The result from Sen’s slope showed that the production of overall citrus, and mandarin increased at the rate of 219.67 mt, 236.25 mt and 1.329 mt per year whereas the production of lime and sweet orange decreased at the rate of 3.53 mt and 3.55 mt per year during the study period. The average annual productivity was 10.35 mt/ha for overall citrus, 10.55 mt/ha for mandarin orange, 8.20 mt/ha for sweet orange, 6.58 mt/ha for lime, and 5.70 mt/ha for lemon during the study period from 1999/00 to 2017/18. The findings of this study will aid effective policy formulation for strengthening land use, citrus rejuvenation, marketing activities and program implementation in Kaski.

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Faccioli, Niccolò, Christoph F. Dietrich, Giovanni Foti, Elena Santi, Alessio Comai, and Mirko D’Onofrio. "Activity-Based Cost Analysis of Including Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Diagnostic Pathway of Focal Pancreatic Lesions Detected by Abdominal Ultrasound." Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound 40, no. 05 (March 20, 2019): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0869-7861.

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Abstract Purpose To perform an activity-based cost analysis of the inclusion of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the diagnostic pathway of newly detected focal pancreatic lesions revealed by abdominal ultrasound (US) in comparison to computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods Over a 14-year period, 977 patients with newly detected focal pancreatic lesions on US and subsequently studied with CEUS and/or CT and MRI were included. The cost of equipment, materials and human resources for every imaging method was calculated. We analyzed the costs in different scenarios considering whether or not CT or MRI was required in the diagnostic pathway. The savings (R) were calculated by subtracting the differential cost of CEUS from the eliminated third-level exam (CCEUS: CEUS cost; CCT: CT cost; CMRI: MRI cost) compared to conventional ultrasound (CCEUS-CUS): R = CCT-(CCEUS-CUS) or R = CMRI-(CCEUS-CUS). Results Total costs were: US 28.39 €; CEUS 70.50 €; CT 106.23 €; MRI 219.61 €. In 388/563 patients CEUS characterized the pancreatic lesion as solid, with only CT being performed as a second-level investigation: the savings were 68 870.36 €. In 266/414 patients CEUS diagnosed lesions as cystic, with only MRI being performed as a second-level examination: the savings were 16 825.07 €. Considering the whole diagnostic pathway of the patients, the cost savings were 76 809.35 € for solid lesions and 26 242.49 € for cystic lesions, with overall savings of 103 051.84 €. Conclusion CEUS represents a cost-effective imaging method for the differentiation of focal pancreatic lesions and could guide the selection of the best imaging modality for preoperative assessment, thereby optimizing resources and securing the diagnostic pathway.

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Kim, Da-Som, Seong-Jun Hong, Sojeong Yoon, Seong-Min Jo, Hyangyeon Jeong, Moon-Yeon Youn, Young-Jun Kim, Jae-Kyeom Kim, and Eui-Cheol Shin. "Olfactory Stimulation with Volatile Aroma Compounds of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Essential Oil and Linalool Ameliorates White Fat Accumulation and Dyslipidemia in Chronically Stressed Rats." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (April 27, 2022): 1822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091822.

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We explored the physiological effects of inhaling basil essential oil (BEO) and/or linalool and identified odor-active aroma compounds in BEO using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and GC–olfactometry (GC–O). Linalool was identified as the major volatile compound in BEO. Three groups of rats were administered BEO and linalool via inhalation, while rats in the control group were not. Inhalation of BEO for 20 min only reduced the total weight gain (190.67 ± 2.52 g) and increased the forced swimming time (47.33 ± 14.84 s) compared with the control group (219.67 ± 2.08 g, 8.33 ± 5.13 s). Inhalation of BEO for 5 min (392 ± 21 beats/min) only reduced the pulse compared with the control group (420 ± 19 beats/min). Inhalation of linalool only reduced the weight of white adipose tissue (5.75 ± 0.61 g). The levels of stress-related hormones were not significantly different among the groups. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased after inhalation of BEO for 20 min (by more than −10% and −15%, respectively). Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were lowered (by more than −10%) by the inhalation of BEO and linalool, regardless of the inhalation time. In particular, BEO inhalation for 20 min was associated with the lowest level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (53.94 ± 2.72 mg/dL). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased after inhalation of BEO (by more than +15%). The atherogenic index and cardiac risk factors were suppressed by BEO inhalation. Animals exposed to BEO and linalool had no significant differences in hepatotoxicity. These data suggest that the inhalation of BEO and linalool may ameliorate cardiovascular and lipid dysfunctions. These effects should be explored further for clinical applications.

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O'Neill, Sean M., Stanley K. Frencher, and Melinda Maggard-gibbons. "Geographic and Institutional Trends in Ambulatory Surgery in the State of California, 2012-2014." American Surgeon 83, no. 10 (October 2017): 1188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481708301036.

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Although geographic variation in health care services is well established, relatively less is known about ambulatory surgical procedures in California. Thus, we sought to describe statewide trends according to geographic and institutional factors. Using the California Office of State Health Planning and Development Ambulatory Surgery and Hospital Utilization datasets, overall and per-capita procedure rates by county and institution were calculated and compared across 2012 to 2014. There was substantial variation in services provided at the county level (Range: 49–382,142 cases/county). Among the 10 largest counties, there was a more than 2-fold difference in case volume per capita; across all counties, a 50-fold variation was observed. Changes in county population size and surgical case volume were correlated only if Los Angeles, the most populous and highest-volume county in the state, was excluded as an outlier. In the first year of California's full Medicaid expansion, Medicaid ambulatory surgery cases increased 29 per cent and self-pay cases decreased 16 per cent. The top 10 facilities by volume experienced substantial volatility in case volume over two years, ranging from 219.6 to 111.5 per cent. Geographic differences in rates of ambulatory surgery may be related to population shifts, but this was not uniformly true. The factors driving this variation and its impact on patient care warrant further investigation.

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Ibrahim, Asmaa Fathelbab, Asmaa Osama Bakr Seddik Osman, Lamiaa M. Elabbasy, Mostafa Abdelsalam, A. M. Wahab, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, and Radwa Ahmed Rabea Abdel-Latif. "CX3CR1 at V249M and T280M Gene Polymorphism and Its Potential Risk for End-Stage Renal Diseases in Egyptian Patients." International Journal of Nephrology 2021 (April 24, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6634365.

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CX3CL1-CX3CR1 pathway may be one of the future treatment targets to delay the progression of end-stage renal diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the CX3CR gene polymorphism in Egyptian patients with ESRD and its relation to fractalkine blood level. The study included 100 patients with ESRD on dialysis, 61 males and 39 females with mean age 51.02 ± 7.8 years. The V2491 genotype revealed a significant increase in the frequency of GG genotype in healthy control (83%) compared to patients [69%] with a significant increase in GA in patients [30%] compared to control subjects [15%], P = 0.03. T280M study showed a statistically significant prevalence of TT genotype in healthy control subjects [86%-OR 95% CI 1.7] compared to patients [70%] with a significant increase in the prevalence of TA in patients [29%] compared to control subjects [13%], P = 0.01. There was a significant increase in fractalkine levels in genotypes GA + AA [503.04±224.1] pg/ml compared to genotype GG [423.6 210.3], P = 0.03. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the blood level of fractalkine in genotype TA + AA [498.8 219.6] compared to genotype TT [426.8±212.8], P = 0.05. In conclusion, our study showed that both V2491-GA genotype and T280M-TA are associated with potential risk for end-stage renal disease in Egyptian patients.

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Shin, Dong Ho. "Design Study of a Round Window Piezoelectric Transducer for Active Middle Ear Implants." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030946.

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This report describes the design of a new piezoelectric transducer for round window (RW)-driven middle ear implants. The transducer consists of a piezoelectric element, gold-coated copper bellows, silicone elastomer (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS), metal cylinder (tungsten), and titanium housing. The piezoelectric element is fixed to the titanium housing and mechanical resonance is generated by the interaction of the bellows, PDMS, and tungsten cylinder. The dimensions of PDMS and the tungsten cylinder with output characteristics suitable for compensation of sensorineural hearing loss were derived by mechanical vibrational analysis (equivalent mechanical model and finite element analysis (FEA)). Based on the results of FEA, the RW piezoelectric transducer was implemented, and bench tests were performed under no-load conditions to confirm the output characteristics. The transducer generates an average displacement of 219.6 nm in the flat band (0.1–1 kHz); the resonance frequency is 2.3 kHz. To evaluate the output characteristics, the response was compared to that of an earlier transducer. When driven by the same voltage (6 Vp), the flat band displacement averaged 30 nm larger than that of the other transducer, and no anti-resonance was noted. Therefore, we expect that the new transducer can serve as an output device for hearing aids, and that it will improve speech recognition and treat high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss more effectively.

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