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1
Ali, Bushra, Shaista Khan, Anuj Chandra, and Shakeel Ahmad. "Event-by-event fluctuations clusterization and entropy production in AA collisions at AGS and SPS energies." International Journal of Modern Physics E 28, no. 03 (March 2019): 1950018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301319500186.
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Event-by-event (ebe) fluctuations in mean pseudorapidity values of relativistic charged particles in full phase space are studied by analyzing experimental data on [Formula: see text] collisions at 14.5A, 60A and 200A GeV/c and [Formula: see text] collisions at 200A GeV/c. The findings are compared with the prediction of A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model and those obtained from the analysis of correlation free Monte-Carlo events. Fluctuations in mean pseudorapidity distributions are noted to be in excess to that expected from the statistically independent particle emission. The observed dependence of the fluctuation strength measure parameter, [Formula: see text] on the beam energy and number of participating target nucleons indicate that nucleus–nucleus collisions cannot be treated as simple superposition of multiple nucleon–nucleon interactions. Presence of clusters or jet-like phenomena in multihadron final states are searched for on ebe basis by using the concept of Jaynes Shannon entropy. The findings indicate the presence of cluster-like objects in the experimental data with their size and frequency increasing with increasing beam energy. These observations in turn suggest that the clustering or jet-like algorithm adopted in the present study may be used as a tool for triggering different classes of events.
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Ghosh, M. K., P. K. Haldar, S. K. Manna, A. Mukhopadhyay, and G. Singh. "Intermittency and related issues in 16O-Ag/Br collision at 200A GeV/c." Canadian Journal of Physics 88, no. 8 (August 2010): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-038.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper we present some results on the nonstatistical fluctuation in the 1-dimensional (1-d) density distribution of singly charged produced particles in the framework of the intermittency phenomenon. A set of nuclear emulsion data on 16O-Ag/Br interactions at an incident momentum of 200A GeV/c, was analyzed in terms of different statistical methods that are related to the self-similar fractal properties of the particle density function. A comparison of the present experiment with a similar experiment induced by the 32S nuclei and also with a set of results simulated by the Lund Monte Carlo code FRITIOF is presented. A similar comparison between this experiment and a pseudo-random number generated simulated data set is also made. The analysis reveals the presence of a weak intermittency in the 1-d phase space distribution of the produced particles. The results also indicate the occurrence of a nonthermal phase transition during emission of final-state hadrons. Our results on factorial correlators suggests that short-range correlations are present in the angular distribution of charged hadrons, whereas those on oscillatory moments show that such correlations are not restricted only to a few particles. In almost all cases, the simulated results fail to replicate their experimental counterparts.
3
GHOSH, MALAY KUMAR, AMITABHA MUKHOPADHYAY, DIBAKAR ROYCHOWDHURY, and GURMUKH SINGH. "CENTRALITY DEPENDENCE OF NONSTATISTICAL FLUCTUATION IN SINGLE PARTICLE DENSITY DISTRIBUTION IN 32S–Ag/Br INTERACTION AT 200A GeV/c." International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, no. 11 (November 2010): 2229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310016624.
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Nonstatistical fluctuations in the density distribution of shower tracks coming out of 32 S – Ag/Br interaction at an incident momentum of 200A GeV/c, have been characterized by using the intermittency and multifractality techniques. A sample of 32 S – Ag/Br nuclear emulsion events has been partitioned into three subsamples with respect to the shower track multiplicity in such a way that one can roughly estimate the average centrality for each subsample. Thereby, the centrality dependence of a set of relevant intermittency and multifractal issues has been investigated.
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Abdelsalam, A., M. S. El–Nagdy, B. M. Badawy, W. Osman, and M. Fayed. "Sensibility of grey particle production system to energy and centrality in 60A and 200A GeV 16O–Nucleus interactions." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 06 (June 2016): 1650034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316500348.
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The grey particle production following 60 A and 200[Formula: see text]A GeV [Formula: see text]O interactions with emulsion nuclei is investigated at different centralities. The evaporated target fragment multiplicity is voted as a centrality parameter. The target size effect is examined over a wide range, where the C, N and O nuclei present the light target group while the Br and Ag nuclei are the heavy group. In the framework of the nuclear limiting fragmentation hypothesis, the grey particle multiplicity characteristics depend only on the target size and centrality while the projectile size and energy are not effective. The grey particle is suggested to be a multisource production system. The emission direction in the 4[Formula: see text] space depends upon the production source. Either the exponential decay or the Poisson’s peaking curves are the usual characteristic shapes of the grey particle multiplicity distributions. The decay shape is suggested to be a characteristic feature of the source singularity while the peaking shape is a multisource super-position. The sensibility to the centrality varies from a source to other. The distribution shape is identified at each centrality region according to the associated source contribution. In general, the multiplicity characteristics seem to be limited w.r.t. the collision system centrality using light target nuclei. The selection of the black particle multiplicity as a centrality parameter is successful through the collision with the heavy target nuclei. In the collision with the light target nuclei it may be qualitatively better to vote another centrality parameter.
5
BRADAMANTE, FRANCO. "TRANSVERSE SPIN AND TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM EFFECTS AT COMPASS." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 35n37 (December 7, 2009): 3015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309001224.
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The study of transverse spin and transverse momentum effects is part of the scientific program of COMPASS, a fixed target experiment at the CERN SPS. For these studies, a 160 GeV/c momentum muon beam is scattered on a transversely polarized nucleon target, and the scattered muon and the forward going hadrons produced in DIS processes are reconstructed and identified in a magnetic spectrometer. The measurements have been performed on a deuteron target in 2002, 2003 and 2004, and on a proton target in 2007. The main results obtained measuring single spin asymmetries are reviewed, with particular emphasis on the most recent proton measurements. After two years of spectroscopy measurements with hadron beams, in 2008 and 2009, the Collaboration will resume measurements with the muon beam and a transversely polarized target in 2010.
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Mamedov, Huseyn, Mustafa Muradov, Zoltan Konya, Akos Kukovecz, Krisztian Kordas, Syed Ismat Shah, Vusala Mamedova, Khumar Ahmedova, Elgun Tagiyev, and Vusal Mamedov. "Fabrication and characterization of c-Si/porous-Si/CdS/ZnxCd1-xO heterojunctions for applications in nanostructured solar cells." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 3 (October 1, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i3.813.
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Solar cells based on c-Si/porous-Si/CdS/ZnxCd1-xO heterojunctions were synthesized by depositing CdS films on c-Si/porous-Si (PS) substrates by electrochemical deposition (ED). PS layers with systematically varied pore diameter (8-45 nm) and were fabricated on p-type c-Si wafers using electrochemical etching. The window layers of ZnxCd1-xO with several Zn concentrations(x=0.2; 0.4; 0.5 and 0.6) were also deposited on the CdS buffer layers by ED. The photoelectrical properties of heterojunctions were studied as functions of PS pore size and Zn content in ZnxCd1-xO. The optimal pore size and Zn contents were found to be 10 nm and x=0.6, respectively. These yielded a solar cell sample exhibiting an efficiency of 9.9%, the maximum observed in this study. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM.A.Green. "Limiting efficiency of bulk and thin-film silicon solar cells in the presence of surface recombination", Progress in Photovoltaic 7, 327 (1999). CrossRef P.Papet, O. Nichiporik, A. Kaminski et al. "Pyramidal texturing of silicon solar cell with TMAH chemical anisotropic etching", Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 90, 2319 (2006). CrossRef P. Vitanovet et al. "High-efficiency solar cell using a thin porous silicon layer", Thin Solid Films 297, 299 (1997). CrossRef L. Santinacci et al. "Electrochemical and optical characterizations of anodic porous n-InP(1 0 0) layers", Electrochim. Acta 56, 878 (2010). CrossRef V.Lehmann. "The Physics of Macropore Formation in Low Doped n‐Type Silicon", J. Electrochem. Soc. 140, 2836 (1993). CrossRef Bisi O et al. "Porous silicon: a quantum sponge structure for silicon based optoelectronics", Surface Science Reports 38, 1 (2000). CrossRef A.I. Raid et al. Applied Nanoscience 7, 9 (2016). CrossRef M.A. Naser et al. "Characteristics of Nanostructure Silicon Photodiode using Laser Assisted Etching", Procedia Engineering 53, 393 (2013). CrossRef D.H. Oh et al. J. Ceram. Process. Res. "Effects of a H2SO4 treatment on the optical properties in porous Si layers and electrical properties of diode devices fabricated with a H2SO4 treated porous Si layer", 9, 57 (2008). DirectLink H. Foll et al. "Formation and application of porous silicon", Materials Science and Engineering R 280, 1 (2002). CrossRef P. Granitzer et al. "Porous Silicon—A Versatile Host Material", Materials 3, 943 (2010). CrossRef G. Korotcenkov, Porous Silicon: From Formation to Application (Taylor and Francis Group, CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA, 2016). DirectLink V.Y. Yerokhov. "Porous silicon in solar cell structures: a review of achievements and modern directions of further use", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Rev. 3, 291 (1999). CrossRef A. Ramizy et al. "New optical features to enhance solar cell performance based on porous silicon surfaces", Appl. Surf. Science 257, 6112 (2011). CrossRef F. Ruske et al. "Large area ZnO:Al films with tailored light scattering properties for photovoltaic applications", Thin Solid Films 515, 8695 (2007). CrossRef Y. Alivov et al. "Observation of 430 nm electroluminescence from ZnO/GaN heterojunction light-emitting diodes", Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 2943 (2003). CrossRef G.V. Lashkarev et al. "Properties of zinc oxide at low and moderate temperatures", Low Temp. Phys. 37, 289 (2011). CrossRef P.M. Devshette et al. "Growth and physical properties of ZnxCd1−xO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis technique", J. of Alloys and Compunds 463, 576 (2008). CrossRef Y. Caglar et al. "Morphological, optical and electrical properties of CdZnO films prepared by sol–gel method", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 065421 (2009). CrossRef A. Abdinov et al. "Photosensitivity of p,n-Si/n-Cd1−xZnxS heterojunctions manufactured by a method of electrochemical deposition", Thin Solid Films 480-481, 388 (2005). CrossRef A Abdinov et al. "Investigation of electrodeposited p-Si/Cd1 − xZnxS1 − ySey heterojunction solar cells", Thin Solid Films 511-512,140 (2006) CrossRef J.B. Orhan et al. "Nano-textured superstrates for thin film silicon solar cells: Status and industrial challenges", Sol. Cells 140, 344 (2015). CrossRef H.Ch. Alan et al. "Light management of tandem solar cells on nanostructured substrates", J. Photon. Energy 7, 027001 (2017) CrossRef
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Quan, Grahame, Mark Gilbert, Samara T. David, Tazim Rahim, Kathy Adie, Carol Shaw, Alan McNabb, Judy Isaac-Renton, and David M. Patrick. "Usefulness of Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis in Tracking Two Outbreaks of Invasive Meningococcal Disease Serogroup C in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 18, no. 6 (2007): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/295973.
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Two major outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease serogroup C (IMD-C) were identified in British Columbia between 2000 and 2004. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) andporAgene sequencing of all retained IMD-C isolates were used to assess correlations between genotypes and epidemiological patterns. PFGE patterns of IMD-C genotypes correlated with epidemiological patterns between 2000 and 2004 in British Columbia, and demonstrated that PFGE can identify outbreak-related cases. Both IMD-C outbreaks correlated with a respective PFGE pattern. PFGE analysis demonstrated that the 2004 British Columbia outbreak strain in men who have sex with men was closely related to the 2001 Abbotsford outbreak strain.PorAsequencing data indicated low diversity of class 1 outer membrane proteins in British Columbia, and did not correlate with epidemiological trends. There was a trend for outbreak-associated PFGE types to demonstrate higher case fatality rates.
8
GRUBE, BORIS. "DIFFRACTIVE DISSOCIATION OF 190 GeV/c π- INTO π-π+π- FINAL STATES AT COMPASS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 03n04 (February 10, 2011): 647–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11052347.
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We present results from a Partial-Wave Analysis (PWA) of diffractive dissociation of 190 GeV /c π- into π-π+π- final states on nuclear targets. A PWA of the data sample taken during a COMPASS pilot run in 2004 on a Pb target showed a significant spin-exotic JPC = 1-+ resonance consistent with the controversial π1(1600), which is considered to be a candidate for a non-[Formula: see text] mesonic state. In 2008 COMPASS collected a large diffractive π-π+π- data sample using a hydrogen target. A first comparison with the 2004 data shows a strong target dependence of the production strength of states with spin projections M = 0 and 1.
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Bugg, D. V. "Experiments Needed in Meson and Baryon Spectroscopy." Advances in High Energy Physics 2007 (2007): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/52750.
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Three (or four) straightforward experiments would contribute greatly to completing the spectroscopy of baryons and light mesons. In the baryon sector, data are needed on inelastic reactions from a polarised target withπ±andK±beams up to∼3 GeV/c. Similar data are needed in the light meson sector forp¯pinteractions in the momentum range 0.3–2 GeV/c. In both cases, valuable information is to be obtained from longitudinal (L) and sideways (S) target polarisations as well as the conventional normal (N) polarisation. Thirdly,3S1and3D1mesons in the mass range 1–2.4 GeV could probably be separated either by diffractive dissociation of transversely polarised photons or bye+e−radiative return experiments using transversely and longitudinally polarised electrons.
10
Parsamyan, Bakur. "Transverse Spin Azimuthal Asymmetries in SIDIS at COMPASS: Multidimensional Analysis." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 40 (January 2016): 1660029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194516600296.
Full textAbstract:
COMPASS is a high-energy physics experiment operating at the SPS at CERN. Wide physics program of the experiment comprises study of hadron structure and spectroscopy with high energy muon and hadrons beams. As for the muon-program, one of the important objectives of the COMPASS experiment is the exploration of the transverse spin structure of the nucleon via spin (in)dependent azimuthal asymmetries in single-hadron production in deep inelastic scattering of polarized leptons off transversely polarized target. For this purpose a series of measurements were made in COMPASS, using 160 GeV/c longitudinally polarized muon beam and transversely polarized [Formula: see text] (in 2002, 2003 and 2004) and [Formula: see text] (in 2007 and 2010) targets. The experimental results obtained by COMPASS for unpolarized target azimuthal asymmetries, Sivers and Collins effects and other azimuthal observables play an important role in the general understanding of the three-dimensional nature of the nucleon. Giving access to the entire twsit-2 set of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions and fragmentation functions COMPASS data triggers constant theoretical interest and is being widely used in phenomenological analyses and global data fits. In this review main focus is given to the very recent results obtained by the COMPASS collaboration from first ever multi-dimensional extraction of transverse spin asymmetries.
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KETZER, BERNARD. "PHYSICS WITH HADRONIC PROBES AT COMPASS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 02n03 (January 30, 2009): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09043547.
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This paper describes the methods and goals of the spectroscopy programme of COMPASS using hadron beams, and reports on first results from a short pilot run using a 190 GeV/c pion beam, carried out in 2004. A partial wave analysis of the reaction π-N → π-π-π+ N' shows significant production of a state with spin-exotic quantum numbers JPC = 1-+ at 1.6 GeV/c2.
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XIAO, G. Q., J. W. XIA, Y. J. YUAN, R. S. MAO, J. H. ZHENG, X. L. TU, M. WANG, W. X. HUANG, H. S. XU, and W. L. ZHAN. "OVERVIEW ON THE HIRFL-CSR FACILITY." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 02 (February 2009): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012446.
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The status of the HIRFL (Heavy Ion Facility in Lanzhou) – Cooler Storage Ring (CSR) at the IMP is reported. The main physics goals at the HIRFL-CSR are the researches on nuclear structure and decay property, EOS of nuclear matter, hadron physics, highly charged atomic physics, high energy density physics, nuclear astrophysics, and applications for cancer therapy, space industries, materials and biology sciences. The HIRFL-CSR is the first ion cooler-storage-ring system in China, which consists of a main ring (CSRm), an experimental ring (CSRe) and a radioactive beam line (RIBLL2). The two existing cyclotrons SFC ( K = 70) and SSC ( K = 450) are used as its injectors. The 7 MeV/u 12 C 6+ ions were stored successfully in CSRm with the stripping injection in January 2006. After that, realized were the accelerations of 12 C 6+, 36 Ar 18+, 78 Kr 28+ and 129 Xe 27+ ions with energies of 1 GeV/u, 1 GeV/u, 450 MeV/u and 235 MeV/u, respectively, including accumulation, electron cooling and acceleration. In 2008, the first two isochronous mass measurement experiments with the primary beams of 36 Ar 18+ and 78 Kr 28+ were performed at CSRe with the Δp/p ~ 10-5.
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LE COULTRE, P. "SEARCH FOR BURST SIGNALS FROM POINT SOURCES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 29 (November 20, 2005): 6962–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05030600.
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A sky survey for flaring point sources emitting high energy gamma rays has been performed with the L 3+ C underground muon spectrometer at LEP, CERN. Data were collected from mid July to October 1999 and from April to November 2000. No signal excesses in any direction have been found with muons above 20, 30, 50 and 100 GeV within one day and longer time windows. The steady muon flux sensitivity is of the order of a few times 10-9 cm-2 s-1 for muon energies above 20 GeV, and between 2 × 10-11 and 5 × 10-10 cm -2 s -1 for muon energies above 20 GeV depending on the source position.
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Achasov, M. N., A. Yu Barnyakov, K. I. Beloborodov, A. V. Berdyugin, A. G. Bogdanchikov, A. A. Botov, T. V. Dimova, et al. "Recent results from SND detector at VEPP-2000 collider." EPJ Web of Conferences 212 (2019): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921204002.
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Recent results on e+e−annihilation to hadrons from SND experiment at VEPP-2000 collider are presented. Corresponding data set is about 200 pb−1 of integrated luminosity collected at the energy region below 2 GeV. The processes e+e− → π+π− , π0γ, ωπ0, π+π−π0, ηπ+π−π0, η, π+π−4π0 have been studied. Searches for e+e− annihilation to C-even resonances η and f1(1285) were done.
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Quinde Rosales, Victor, Rina Bucaram Leverone, Martha Bucaram Leverone, and Francisco Quinde Rosales. "Empirical evidence of sustainable development: Causality relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation in Ecuador and Latin America and The Caribbean." Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 25, no. 111 (December 6, 2021): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v25i111.517.
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This article is an inductive argumentation and an empirical-analytical paradigm that evaluates the actual relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the case of Ecuador and to compare it with Latin America and the Caribbean within a period of analysis from 1960 to 2011. It was developed an Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root (ADF), a Granger Causality Test and a Johansen Cointegration test. It was obtained a VAR model with two variables with a number of 14 lags – VAR2(14) which were tested for which were tested for causality by demonstrating a bidirectionality for Latin America and the Caribbean and a unidirectionality of GDP per capita to CO2 for the Ecuador.
Keywords: economic growth, sustainable development, environmental economics.
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Dong, P. V., and H. N. Long. "The EconomicalSU(3)C⊗SU(3)L⊗U(1)XModel." Advances in High Energy Physics 2008 (2008): 1–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/739492.
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TheSU(3)C⊗SU(3)L⊗U(1)Xgauge model with minimal scalar sector, two Higgs triplets, is presented in detail. One of the vacuum expectation valuesuis a source of lepton-number violations and a reason for mixing among charged gauge bosons—the standard modelW±and the bilepton gauge bosonsY±, as well as among the neutral non-Hermitian bileptonX0and neutral gauge bosons—theZand the newZ′. An exact diagonalization of the neutral gauge boson sector is derived, and bilepton mass splitting is also given. Because of these mixings, the lepton-number violating interactions exist in both charged and neutral gauge boson sectors. Constraints on vacuum expectation values of the model are estimated andu≃𝒪(1)GeV,v≃vweak=246GeV, andω≃𝒪(1)TeV. In this model, there are three physical scalars, two neutral and one charged, and eight Goldstone bosons—the needed number for massive gauge bosons. The minimal scalar sector can provide all fermions including quarks and neutrinos consistent masses in which some of them require one-loop radiative corrections.
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Albert, A., S. Alves, M. André, M. Ardid, S. Ardid, J. J. Aubert, J. Aublin, et al. "Limits on the nuclearite flux using the ANTARES neutrino telescope." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): 012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/01/012.
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Abstract In this work, a search for nuclearites of strange quark matter by using nine years of ANTARES data taken in the period 2009–2017 is presented. The passage through matter of these particles is simulated taking into account a detailed description of the detector response to nuclearites and of the data acquisition conditions. A down-going flux of cosmic nuclearites with Galactic velocities (β = 10-3) was considered for this study. The mass threshold for detecting these particles at the detector level is 4 × 1013 GeV/c 2. Upper limits on the nuclearite flux for masses up to 1017 GeV/c 2 at the level of ∼ 5 × 10-17 cm-2 s-1 sr-1 are obtained. These are the first upper limits on nuclearites established with a neutrino telescope and the most stringent ever set for Galactic velocities.
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STANITZKI, MARCEL. "Searches for MSSM Higgs Bosons with the DELPHI Detector up to $\sqrt{s} = 209~{\rm GeV}$." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, supp01b (September 2001): 813–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01008175.
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Searches for hA pair production and hZ production have been performed. Special emphasis has been put on searches, in which the Higgs can decay invisibly into neutralinos. The data collected by the DELPHI experiment at centre-of-mass energies between 191.6 and 201.7 Gev for the year 1999 and between 201.7 and 209.0 Gev for the ongoing data taking in 2000 has been used. These analyses are used, in combination with our results at lower energies, to set 95% confidence levels on the existence of a light neutral Higgs Boson h and a neutral pseudoscalar Higgs Boson A in a mass range of 85-115 GeV/c 2. Combining the searches for visible and invisible Higgs decays allows to obtain 95% confidence levels on the existance of h independent of the branching ratio into invisible decays, if the visible decays are taken to be the SM ones. The MSSM parameter space excluded by these searches has been determined.
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Thlakma, Richard Sunday, and John Eche Omale. "AN ASSESSMENT OF THE VARIOUS MITIGATION STRATEGIES TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION IN JIBIA AND KAITA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KATSINA STATE." Geosfera Indonesia 4, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v4i2.10192.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted on an assessment of the various mitigation strategies to combat desertification in Jibia and Kaita Local Government Areas of Katsina State, Nigeria. The data use includes Satellite imageries for the study such as landsat MSS of 1976, landsat TM of 1987, SPOT XS of 1995 and landsat ETM of 2006 as well as structured questionnaires. Sixty close ended copies of the Questionnaire were administered in the study. Purposive sampling method of administering questionnaires was adopted. The percentages land mass covered for each of these variables was determined and estimated in M2. literature was obtained from various agencies which were responsible for desertification control in Katsina state. It was found from the reserved forest that in 1976 the percentage of reserved forest was 2.57%. In 1987 however, it increased by 73.9% to 76.47 %. By 1995, it declined by 9.42% to 67.05% and further declined by 0.52% in 2006. Effort to combat desertification through the use of reserved forest has been quite significant over the years. Also, noticed was a declined in shelter belt from 5.91% in 1987 to 1.097% in 1995 and a shot up to 7.39% in 2006. About 37% of the respondent opined that the deforestation leads to the disappearance of trees while 33% pinioned that it leads to reduction on agricultural productivity. The major strategy adopted to combat desertification is tree planting as supported by 88% of the respondents. It found that desertification as major environmental problem of the study area has reduced drastically from 43.34% in 1976 to 1.29% in 2006. It was also revealed from this study that some organizations such as European Economic Community/Katsina State government EEC/KTSG, Katsina Afforestation Project Unit KTAPU and Local Government Councils are the major agencies that are responsible for mitigating desertification in the study area.
Keywords: Desertification, Mitigation, Afforestation, Shelterbelt and Satellite image
References
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Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License
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Boodram, B., R. C. Hershow, and J. T. Stapleton. "Prevalence and Interaction of GB Virus C (GBV-C) with Hepatitis C (HCV) among Injecting Drug Users (IDUS) from Chicago, 2002–2005." American Journal of Epidemiology 163, suppl_11 (June 1, 2006): S192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/163.suppl_11.s192-b.
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Basso Marques, Maria José Basso Marques, and Flávia Girardo Botelho Borges. "Ensino de língua e o multilinguismo, multiculturalismo/interculturalismo: a necessidade de uma nova postura pedagógica." Olhares & Trilhas 23, no. 3 (August 22, 2021): 1017–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ot2021v23.n.3.60061.
Full textAbstract:
Este artigo tem por objetivo expor algumas reflexões teóricas para o papel docente diante de um alunado multilíngue e multicultural/intercultural bem como um breve relato pedagógico refletindo sobre a necessidade de mudança na postura pedagógica frente às produções híbridas, produzidas pelos alunos, que são resultados da sociedade contemporânea. Sendo assim, o estudo dialoga com autores como (LEFFA; IRALA, 2014), (BAUMAN, 2005), (CANCLINI, 1997, 2000), CAZDEN, C.; COPE, B.; FAIRCLOUGH, N.; GEE (1996), HALL (2006), ROJO (2012, 2013), entre outros, os quais discutem o contexto plural dessa sociedade globalizada e a necessidade de uma pedagogia crítica acompanhada de letramentos múltiplos. As considerações apresentadas revelaram que pensar o multilinguismo e a interculturalidade, pautados na diversidade de linguagem em diferentes gêneros, desenvolvem mecanismos para ofertar um ensino de qualidade emergindo assim uma nova pedagogia. Espera-se que as reflexões aqui contempladas, possam contribuir para os espaços de educação, tanto na recepção quanto na reprodução, no que tange ao aperfeiçoamento de práticas pedagógicas voltadas para o desenvolvimento do multiletramento, letramento crítico e da autoria.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensino de língua. Multilinguismo.
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LONGACRE, R. S. "OBSERVATION OF ΔφΔη SCALED CORRELATION SIGNALS WHICH INCREASE WITH CENTRALITY OF AuAu COLLISIONS AT $\sqrt{^SNN} = 200\ {\rm GeV}$." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 07n08 (August 2007): 2149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830130700760x.
Full textAbstract:
We show the preliminary charged-particle pair correlation analyses presented in a poster session at the 2006 International Quark Matter Conference in Shanghai China. The correlation analysis space of Δφ (azimuth) and Δη (pseudo-rapidity) are considered as a function of centrality for minimum bias Au + Au collisions in the mid-transverse momentum range in the STAR detector. The analyses involve unlike-sign charge pairs and like-sign charge pairs, which are transformed into charge-dependent (CD) signals and charge-independent (CI) signals. We use a multiplicity scale to compare the different centralities. We find the signals increase with increasing centrality. A model featuring dense gluonic hot spots as first proposed by van Hove predicts that the observables under investigation would have sensitivity to such a substructure should it occur. A blast wave model including multiple hot spots motivates the selection of transverse momenta in the range 0.8 GeV /c < pt < 4.0 GeV /c.
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STEPHAN, CHRISTOPH A. "A DARK SECTOR EXTENSION OF THE ALMOST-COMMUTATIVE STANDARD MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 01 (January 8, 2014): 1450005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14500055.
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We consider an extension of the Standard Model within the framework of Noncommutative Geometry. The model is based on an older model [C. A. Stephan, Phys. Rev. D79, 065013 (2009)] which extends the Standard Model by new fermions, a new U(1)-gauge group and, crucially, a new scalar field which couples to the Higgs field. This new scalar field allows to lower the mass of the Higgs mass from ~170 GeV, as predicted by the Spectral Action for the Standard Model, to a value of 120–130 GeV. The shortcoming of the previous model lay in its inability to meet all the constraints on the gauge couplings implied by the Spectral Action. These shortcomings are cured in the present model which also features a "dark sector" containing fermions and scalar particles.
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MA, YUQIAN. "COSMIC RAY MUON MEASUREMENT BY L3 SPECTROMETER AT CERN." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 26 (August 30, 2001): 1667–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301004819.
Full textAbstract:
L3 + C is a branch experiment on L3 magnet spectrometer, which is located on the ring of LEP accelerator at CERN. To take the advantage of L3 muon chambers in its low threshold, wide dynamic range and high resolution, the momentum of cosmic ray muons in the range of 15–2000 GeV/c at a shallow depth of 30 m of molasse can be measured precisely. Since 1998, a scintillator detector system, a new fast trigger and DAQ system, and a small air shower array had been established for study the CR muon events independently. Up to August 2000, 8 billion muons and 25 million air shower events had been recorded. The first results for CR muon spectrum and the charge ratio etc. had been obtained.
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Quinde Rosales, Victor, Rina Bucaram Leverone, Martha Bueno Quinonez, and Michelle Saldana Vargas. "Causality relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. Case G-8." Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 25, no. 111 (December 12, 2021): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v25i111.527.
Full textAbstract:
This article is an inductive argumentation and an empirical-analytical paradigm that evaluates the actual relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in country groups of the G8 considered as developed in a period of time from 1960 to 2011. It was developed an Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root (ADF), a Granger Causality Test and a Johansen Cointegration test. The results evidence the non-stationary of constrains in both countries. It was obtained a VAR model with two variables with a number of lags of four - VAR2 (4) to which were tested for causality by demonstrating a unidirectionality of GDP per capita to CO2.
Keywords: economic growth, economic development, income distribution, environmental economics.
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Koziej, Ken, and Mikael Hellström. "Year Zero Economics - Using Edu-Larping to Explore Economic Systems in the Ninth Grade." International Journal of Role-Playing, no. 8 (December 28, 2018): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/ijrp.vi8.259.
Full textAbstract:
The curriculum of the province of Alberta, Canada, stipulates that grade nine students learn about economics, comparing the United States and Canada (Alberta Education 2007). Supervisor Ken Koziej assigned Mikael Hellström to teach this unit to three grade nine classes during his practicum. Hellström had pioneered the use of edu-larps, game-based learning, and gamification as a sessional instructor at the Universities of Alberta and Calgary (Hellström 2016; 2017) and chose those methods to deliver the unit. The game design for the tabletop role-playing game Mutant: Year Zero (The Free League 2015) incorporates mechanics for play on three levels: character, for world exploration; resource extraction and world exploration; and base building. The latter two levels effectively create an in-game economy. Collaborating with his supervisor, Hellström adapted them for classroom use. The goal was to create a unit fulfilling Mochocki’s (2014) criteria for edu-larp, in other words, that it is a) mono-disciplinary and targets a single school subject; b) knowledge-oriented and communicates textbook subject matter to students; and c) teacher-friendly, by not demanding time-consuming preparations. This paper describes the unit, the process of converting elements of Mutant: Year Zero for teaching, how students played the unit, and the post-game evaluation. While the unit did not fulfill all of Mochocki’s criteria, student engagement was high, consistent with previous findings on game-based learning (Prensky 2005; Gee 2007; Hattie 2009).
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ARENDS, HANS-JÜRGEN. "THE BARYON RESONANCE PROGRAM AT MAMI." International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, no. 05n06 (June 2010): 801–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310015266.
Full textAbstract:
The Mainz Microtron MAMI is an ideal facility to study the hadron structure with the electromagnetic probe. With the fourth accelerator stage (MAMI-C) which went into operation in 2007 high-intensity polarized electron and photon beams with energies up to 1.5 GeV are delivered to the experiments. Polarized targets and recoil polarimeters in combination with dedicated detectors are available for precision experiments in hadron physics. In this article, an overview over selected recent results on the study of low-lying baryon resonances and future perspectives will be given.
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Rubio, Ignacio, Knut Rennert, Ute Wittig, Katrin Beer, Matthias Dürst, Stacey L. Stang, Jim Stone, and Reinhard Wetzker. "Ras activation in response to phorbol ester proceeds independently of the EGFR via an unconventional nucleotide-exchange factor system in COS-7 cells." Biochemical Journal 398, no. 2 (August 15, 2006): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20060160.
Full textAbstract:
Ras is a major mediator of PE (phorbol ester) effects in mammalian cells. Various mechanisms for PE activation of Ras have been reported [Downward, Graves, Warne, Rayter and Cantrell (1990) Nature (London) 346, 719–723; Shu, Wu, Mosteller and Broek (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 7758–7768; Roose, Mollenauer, Gupta, Stone and Weiss (2005) Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 4426–4441; Grosse, Roelle, Herrlich, Höhn and Gudermann (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 12251–12260], including pathways that target GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) for inactivation and those that result in activation of GEFs (guanine nucleotide-exchange factors) Sos (son of sevenless homologue) or RasGRP (RAS guanyl releasing protein). However, a biochemical link between PE and GAP inactivation is missing and GEF stimulation is hard to reconcile with the observation that dominant-negative S17N-Ras does not compromise Ras-dependent ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) activation by PE. We have addressed this controversy and carried out an in-depth biochemical study of PE-induced Ras activation in COS-7 cells. Using a cell-permeabilization approach to monitor nucleotide exchange on Ras, we demonstrate that PE-induced Ras-GTP accumulation results from GEF stimulation. Nucleotide exchange stimulation by PE is prevented by PKC (protein kinase C) inhibition but not by EGFR [EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor] blockade, despite the fact that EGFR inhibition aborts basal and PE-induced Shc (Src homology and collagen homology) phosphorylation and Shc–Grb2 (growth-factor-receptor-bound protein 2) association. In fact, EGFR inhibition ablates basal nucleotide exchange on Ras in growth-arrested COS-7 cells. These data disclose the existence of two separate GEF systems that operate independently from each other to accomplish PE-dependent formation of Ras-GTP and to maintain resting Ras-GTP levels respectively. We document that COS-7 cells do not express RasGRP and present evidence that the PE-responsive GEF system may involve PKC-dependent phosphorylation of Sos. More fundamentally, these observations shed new light on enigmatic issues such as the inefficacy of S17N-Ras in blocking PE action or the role of the EGFR in heterologous agonist activation of the Ras/ERK pathway.
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DONG, XIN, ZEBO TANG, and SADHANA DASH. "K*(892) PRODUCTION IN Au+Au COLLISIONS AT RHIC." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 07n08 (August 2007): 2103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307007532.
Full textAbstract:
Short-lived resonances are useful tools to probe the property of the matter created in heavy ion collisions. Measurements of their production yields and elliptic flow allow us to understand particle production mechanisms as well as the system evolution after hadronization. We report the measurements of transverse momentum (pT) spectrum and anisotropic parameter v2 of K* resonance from a high statistics data set of Au + Au collisions at [Formula: see text] taken by the STAR experiment in year 2004. The K* are measured up to intermediate pT region pT < 5 GeV /c at mid-rapidity through its hadronic decay channel. Its nuclear modification factor as well as elliptic flow are compared with corresponding results for [Formula: see text] and Λ up to intermediate pT to check the number of constituent quark scaling for resonances. Combined with the K*/K and φ/K* yield ratios, the production mechanism of K* is discussed. The first results on K* mT spectra from Au + Au 62.4 GeV are presented to understand the energy dependence of K* production.
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Pocha, Regina, and Dirk Johrendt. "Kristallstrukturen und elektronische Eigenschaften von Ge1/3NbS2 und Ge1/4NbS2 / Crystal Structures and Electronic Properties of Ge1/3NbS2 and Ge1/4NbS2." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 57, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 1367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2002-1205.
Full textAbstract:
Single crystals of the intercalation compounds Ge1/3NbS2 andGe1/4NbS2 have been prepared by heating of the elements at 1073 K and by chemical transport with iodine at 923 to 1073 K. Their crystal structures were determined by single crystal X-ray methods.Ge1/3NbS2 (P63/mcm, a=5.767(1), c=13.518(3) Å, Z = 6) crystallizes with a superstructureof 2H-NbS2, characterized by layers of edge-sharing NbS6 trigonal prisms. The Ge atoms in the octahedral voids of the van der Waals gap are sixfold coordinated by sulfur. The NbS2-sublattice of Ge1/4NbS2 (P63/mmc, a = 3.339(1), c = 37.326(7) Å , Z = 6) represents a new 6H-polymorph. Herein, the Ge atoms are located either in the centers of the octahedral voids (c. n. = 6) or shifted from this position along [001] (c. n. = 3 + 3). The unusual electronic state and the bonding situation of germanium in the van der Waal gaps of NbS2 and the metal-metal bonding are studied in detail by using DFT band structure calculations.
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Simmonds, Peter. "2000 Fleming Lecture. The origin and evolution of hepatitis viruses in humans." Journal of General Virology 82, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 693–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-82-4-693.
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The spread and origins of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in human populations have been the subject of extensive investigations, not least because of the importance this information would provide in predicting clinical outcomes and controlling spread of HCV in the future. However, in the absence of historical and archaeological records of infection, the evolution of HCV and other human hepatitis viruses can only be inferred indirectly from their epidemiology and by genetic analysis of contemporary virus populations. Some information on the history of the latter may be obtained by dating the time of divergence of various genotypes of HCV, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the non-pathogenic hepatitis G virus (HGV)/GB virus-C (GBV-C). However, the relatively recent times predicted for the origin of these viruses fit poorly with their epidemiological distributions and the recent evidence for species-associated variants of HBV and HGV/GBV-C in a wide range of non-human primates. The apparent conservatism of viruses over long periods implied by these latter observations may be the result of constraints on sequence change peculiar to viruses with single-stranded genomes, or with overlapping reading frames. Large population sizes and intense selection pressures that optimize fitness may be the factors that set virus evolution apart from that of their hosts.
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Qi, Yuan, Shiwei Li, Youhua Ran, Hongwei Wang, Jichun Wu, Xihong Lian, and Dongliang Luo. "Mapping Frozen Ground in the Qilian Mountains in 2004–2019 Using Google Earth Engine Cloud Computing." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010149.
Full textAbstract:
The permafrost in the Qilian Mountains (QLMs), the northeastern margin of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, changed dramatically in the context of climate warming and increasing anthropogenic activities, which poses significant influences on the stability of the ecosystem, water resources, and greenhouse gas cycles. Yet, the characteristics of the frozen ground in the QLMs are largely unclear regarding the spatial distribution of active layer thickness (ALT), the maximum frozen soil depth (MFSD), and the temperature at the top of the permafrost or the bottom of the MFSD (TTOP). In this study, we simulated the dynamics of the ALT, TTOP, and MFSD in the QLMs in 2004–2019 in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The widely-adopted Stefan Equation and TTOP model were modified to integrate with the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) in GEE. The N-factors, the ratio of near-surface air to ground surface freezing and thawing indices, were assigned to the freezing and thawing indices derived with MODIS LST in considerations of the fractional vegetation cover derived from MODIS normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The results showed that the GEE platform and remote sensing imagery stored in Google cloud could be quickly and effectively applied to obtain the spatial and temporal variation of permafrost distribution. The area with TTOP < 0 °C is 8.4 × 104 km2 (excluding glaciers and lakes) and accounts for 46.6% of the whole QLMs, the regional mean ALT is 2.43 ± 0.44 m, while the regional mean MFSD is 2.54 ± 0.45 m. The TTOP and ALT increase with the decrease of elevation from the sources of the sub-watersheds to middle and lower reaches. There is a strong correlation between TTOP and elevation (slope = −1.76 °C km−1, p < 0.001). During 2004–2019, the area of permafrost decreased by 20% at an average rate of 0.074 × 104 km2·yr−1. The regional mean MFSD decreased by 0.1 m at a rate of 0.63 cm·yr−1, while the regional mean ALT showed an exception of a decreasing trend from 2.61 ± 0.45 m during 2004–2005 to 2.49 ± 0.4 m during 2011–2015. Permafrost loss in the QLMs in 2004–2019 was accelerated in comparison with that in the past several decades. Compared with published permafrost maps, this study shows better calculation results of frozen ground in the QLMs.
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NERLING, FRANK. "COMPASS HADRON SPECTROSCOPY — FINAL STATES INVOLVING NEUTRALS AND KAONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 03n04 (February 10, 2011): 766–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11052785.
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The COMPASS experiment at CERN is well designed for light-hadron spectroscopy with emphasis on the detection of new states, in particular the search for JPC-exotic states and glueballs. We have collected data with 190 GeV/c charged hadron beams on a liquid hydrogen and nuclear targets in 2008/09. The spectrometer features good coverage by electromagnetic calorimetry and a RICH detector further provides π K separation, allowing for studying final states involving neutral particles like π0 or η as well as hidden strangeness, respectively. We discuss the status of ongoing analyses with specific focus on diffractively produced (π0π0π)- as well as [Formula: see text] final states.
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STAROSTIN, ALEKSANDR. "HADRON PHYSICS WITH THE CRYSTAL BALL AT MAMI." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 02n03 (January 30, 2009): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09043596.
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The physics program of the Crystal Ball spectrometer at MAMI-C began in early 2007. Experiments utilize the upgraded electron accelerator that provides high intensity beams of circularly and linearly polarized real photons with maximum energy of 1.5 GeV. The highly segmented nearly 4π acceptance detection system consists of the Crystal Ball, particle identification detector and versatile endcap TAPS. A wide range of physics topics is under study including the production and decay of η, ω, and η' mesons, the investigation of coherent meson photoproduction on nuclei, measurements of polarization and double polarization observables in meson photoproduction on proton and neutron. The current status of the experiment and some preliminary results are reported.
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PRINO, FRANCESCO. "J/ψ AZIMUTHAL DISTRIBUTION RELATIVE TO THE REACTION PLANE IN Pb-Pb COLLISIONS AT 158 GeV/NUCLEON." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 07n08 (August 2007): 2066–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307007477.
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J/ψ azimuthal distribution relative to the reaction plane has been studied Pb - Pb collisions at 158 A GeV /c. Different [Formula: see text] absorption mechanisms are expected to induce J/ψ azimuthal anisotropy at this energy. The present analysis has been performed on the data sample of 100 000 J/ψ's collected in year 2000 by the NA50 Collaboration. The reaction plane is estimated from the azimuthal distribution of the neutral transverse energy measured by the electromagnetic calorimeter. The numbers of J/ψ's in different bins of azimuthal angle relative to the reaction plane as well as the Fourier coefficients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (uncorrected for event plane resolution) are presented in this paper.
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Sharkey, Michael J., Austin Baker, Ramya Manjunath, and Paul D. N. Hebert. "Description of Chilearinus Sharkey gen. nov. and status of Nearctic Earinus Wesmael, 1837 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) with the description of new species." ZooKeys 1099 (May 3, 2022): 57–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1099.81473.
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The Neotropical members formerly included in Earinus Wesmael, 1837 are transferred to a new genus, Chilearinus Sharkey gen. nov. Presently three Nearctic species of Earinus are recognized, i.e., Earinus erythropoda Cameron, 1887, Earinus limitaris Say,1835, and Earinus zeirapherae Walley, 1935, and these are retained in Earinus. Earinus chubuquensis Berta, 2000 and Earinus scitus Enderlein, 1920 are transferred to Chilearinus, i.e., C. chubuquensis, and C. scitus, comb. nov. One other species is transferred to Chilearinus, i.e., Microgaster rubricollis Spinola, 1851, Chilearinus rubricollis, comb. nov. Two other Neotropical species, Earinus hubrechtae Braet, 2002 and Earinus bourguignoni Braet, 2002 were described under the genus Earinus but are here transferred to Lytopylus, L. hubrechtae, and L. bourguignonicomb. nov. Two new species of Chilearinus are described, C. covidchronos and C. janbertspp. nov. The status of Agathis laevithorax Spinola,1851, Agathis rubricata Spinola,1851, and Agathis areolata Spinola, 1851 is discussed. A neotype is designated for Earinus limitaris (Say, 1835) and diagnosed with a COI barcode. Earinus austinbakeri and Earinus walleyispp. nov. are described. The status of both Earinus and Chilearinus in the Americas is discussed. A revised key to the genera of Agathidinae of the Americas is presented.
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Revel-Vilk, Shoshana, Gabriel Chodick, Varda Shalev, Roni Lotan, Kaja Zarakowska, and Noga Gadir. "Using the Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus (GED-C) Delphi Score in a Real-World Dataset." International Journal of Translational Medicine 2, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijtm2030037.
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Early and accurate diagnosis of Gaucher disease, a rare, autosomal recessive condition characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, is essential to facilitate earlier decision-making and prevent unnecessary tests and procedures. However, diagnosis can be challenging for non-specialists, owing to a wide variability in age, severity of disease, and types of clinical manifestation. The Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus (GED-C) scoring system was developed by a panel of 22 expert physicians using Delphi methodology on the signs and covariables considered important for diagnosing Gaucher disease. This study aimed to use the scoring system in a real-world dataset. We applied the GED-C scoring system to 265 confirmed cases of Gaucher disease identified in the Maccabi Health Services (MHS) database from 1998 to 2022. Overall Delphi scores were calculated using features applicable to type 1 Gaucher disease. Based on all available patient data up to one year after diagnosis, the median (interquartile range (IQR)) Delphi score was 8.0 (5.5–11.5), with patients reporting up to 15 variables each. A score of 9.5 (6.5–12.5) was determined for 205 patients diagnosed from 2000 to 2022. The overall GED-C score was highly dependent on the extraction of all relevant data. The number of features collected in the MHS database was fewer than those required to achieve a high score on the GED-C score.
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Nunes, Cynara Carvalho, Maria Cristina Cotta Matte, Claudia Fontoura Dias, Leonardo Augusto Luvison Araújo, Luciano Santos Pinto Guimarães, Sabrina Almeida, and Luis Fernando Macedo Brígido. "THE INFLUENCE OF HIV-1 SUBTYPES C, CRF31_BC AND B ON DISEASE PROGRESSION AND INITIAL VIROLOGIC RESPONSE TO HAART IN A SOUTHERN BRAZILIAN COHORT." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 56, no. 3 (June 2014): 205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652014000300005.
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Background: Although most HIV-1 infections in Brazil are due to subtype B, Southern Brazil has a high prevalence of subtype C and recombinant forms, such as CRF31_BC. This study assessed the impact of viral diversity on clinical progression in a cohort of newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients. Methods: From July/2004 to December/2005, 135 HIV-infected patients were recruited. The partial pol region was subtyped by phylogeny. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to examine the relationship between viral subtype, CD4+ T cell count and viral load levels before antiretroviral therapy. Hazard ratio (Cox regression) was used to evaluate factors associated with viral suppression (viral load < 50 copies/mL at six months). Results: Main HIV-1 subtypes included B (29.4%), C (28.2%), and CRF31_BC (23.5%). Subtypes B and C showed a similar trend in CD4+ T cell decline. Comparison of non-B (C and CRF31_BC) and B subtypes revealed no significant difference in the proportion of patients with viral suppression at six months (week 24). Higher CD4+ T cell count and lower viral load were independently associated with viral suppression. Conclusion: No significant differences were found between subtypes; however, lower viral load and higher CD4+ T cell count before therapy were associated with better response.
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Saito, T. R., S. Bianchin, O. Borodina, J. Hoffmann, K. Koch, N. Kurz, F. Maas, et al. "HYPERNUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY WITH HEAVY ION BEAMS: THE HypHI PROJECT AT GSI AND FAIR." International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, no. 12 (December 2010): 2656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830131001723x.
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The HypHI experiment for precise hypernuclear spectroscopy with induced reactions of stable heavy ion beams and rare isotope beams is currently under preparation at GSI. The main goal of the HypHI project is to study neutron and proton rich hypernuclei and to measure directly hypernuclear magnetic moments at GSI and FAIR. In the first HypHI experiment (Phase 0) planned in 2009, the feasibility of precise hypernuclear spectroscopy with heavy ion beams will be demonstrated by observing π- decay channels of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with 6 Li projectiles at 2 A GeV impinging on a 12 C target. An overview of the HypHI project and the details of the Phase 0 experiment will be discussed.
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Eck, M., and W. D. Steinmann. "Modelling and Design of Direct Solar Steam Generating Collector Fields." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 127, no. 3 (July 20, 2005): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1849225.
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The direct steam generation (DSG) is an attractive option regarding the economic improvement of parabolic trough technology for solar thermal electricity generation in the multi megawatt range. According to Price, H., Lu¨pfert, E., Kearney, D., Zarza, E., Cohen, G., Gee, R. Mahoney, R., 2002, “Advances in Parabolic Trough Solar Power Technology,” J. Sol. Energy Eng., 124 and Zarza, E., 2002, DISS Phase II-Final Project Report, EU Project No. JOR3-CT 980277 a 10% reduction of the LEC is expected compared to conventional SEGS like parabolic trough power plants. The European DISS project has proven the feasibility of the DSG process under real solar conditions at pressures up to 100 bar and temperatures up to 400°C in more than 4000 operation hours (Eck, M., Zarza, E., Eickhoff, M., Rheinla¨nder, J., Valenzuela, L., 2003, “Applied Research Concerning the Direct Steam Generation in Parabolic Troughs,” Solar Energy 74, pp. 341–351). In a next step the detailed engineering for a precommercial DSG solar thermal power plant will be performed. This detailed engineering of the collector field requires the consideration of the occurring thermohydraulic phenomena and their influence on the stability of the absorber tubes.
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Overstreet, Robin M. "Presentation of the 2008 ASP Distinguished Service Award to William C. Campbell." Journal of Parasitology 94, no. 6 (December 2008): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-1852.1.
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Weinstein, Wilfred M. "Rodger C. Haggitt, MD." Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 53, no. 1 (January 2001): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/ge.2001.v53.a112541.
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Trofimov, Boris A., Zinaida V. Stepanova, Lyubov N. Sobenina, Al'bina I. Mikhaleva, Igor' A. Ushakov, and Valentina N. Elokhina. "C-Vinylation of 1-Vinylpyrroles with Benzoylacetylene on Silica Gel." Synthesis 2001, no. 12 (2001): 1878–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-17529.
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Takano, Tomoko, Andrey V. Cybulsky, Xiaoxia Yang, and Lamine Aoudjit. "Complement C5b-9 induces cyclooxygenase-2 gene transcription in glomerular epithelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 281, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): F841—F850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.0048.2001.
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First published July 12, 2001; 10.1152/ajprenal.0048.2001.—In rat membranous nephropathy, complement C5b-9 induces glomerular epithelial cell (GEC) injury and proteinuria, which is partially mediated by eicosanoids. Rat GEC in culture express cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 constitutively, whereas COX-2 expression is induced by C5b-9. Both isoforms contribute to complement-induced prostaglandin generation. The present study addresses mechanisms of complement-induced COX-2 expression in GEC. Downregulation of protein kinase C (PKC) blunted complement-induced upregulation of COX-2 mRNA. Complement and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) both stimulated COX-2 promoter activity. C5b-9 activated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and inhibition of JNK activity by transfection of a kinase-inactive JNK1 partially inhibited complement-induced (but not PMA-induced) COX-2 promoter activation. Conversely, a constitutively active mitogen-activated protein or extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase kinase (MEKK)-1, a kinase upstream of JNK, increased COX-2 promoter activity. MEKK-induced COX-2 promoter activation was not affected by downregulation of PKC and was augmented by PMA. Thus, in GEC, PKC and JNK pathways contribute independently to complement-induced COX-2 expression. Nuclear factor-κB was also activated by complement in GEC but did not contribute to complement-induced COX-2 upregulation.
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Sands, Dawn, Andrew Chang, Claudine Mazurier, and Anthony Hubbard. "Standardisation of von Willebrand Factor in Therapeutic Concentrates: Calibration of the 1st International Standard for von Willebrand Factor Concentrate (00/514)." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 88, no. 09 (2002): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613226.
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SummaryAn international study involving 26 laboratories assayed two candidate von Willebrand Factor (VWF) concentrates (B and C) for VWF:Antigen (VWF:Ag), VWF:Ristocetin Cofactor (VWF:RCo) and VWF:Collagen binding (VWF:CB) relative to the 4th International Standard Factor VIII/VWF Plasma (4th IS Plasma) (97/586). Estimates of VWF:Ag showed good agreement between different methods, for both candidates, and the overall combined means were 11.01 IU/ml with inter-laboratory variability (GCV) of 10.9% for candidate B and 14.01 IU/ml (GCV 11.8%) for candidate C. Estimates of VWF:RCo showed no significant difference between methods for both candidates and gave overall means of 9.38 IU/ml (GCV 23.7%) for candidate B and 10.19 IU/ml (GCV 24.4%) for candidate C. Prior to the calibration of the candidates for VWF:CB it was necessary to calibrate the 4th IS Plasma relative to local frozen normal plasma pools; there was good agreement between different collagen reagents and an overall mean of 0.83 IU per ampoule (GCV 11.8%) was assigned. In contrast, estimates of VWF:CB in both candidates showed large differences between collagen reagents with inter-laboratory GCV’s of 40%. Candidate B (00/514) was established as the 1st International Standard von Willebrand Factor Concentrate by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation in November 2001 with assigned values for VWF:Ag (11.0 IU/ampoule) and VWF:RCo (9.4 IU/ampoule). Large inter-laboratory variability of estimates precluded the assignment of a value for VWF:CB.
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BIANCHIN, S., P. ACHENBACH, S. AJIMURA, O. BORODINA, T. FUKUDA, J. HOFFMANN, M. KAVATSYUK, et al. "THE HYPHI PROJECT: HYPERNUCLEAR SPECTROSCOPY WITH STABLE HEAVY ION BEAMS AND RARE ISOTOPE BEAMS AT GSI AND FAIR." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 10 (November 2009): 2187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309014536.
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The HypHI collaboration aims to perform a precise hypernuclear spectroscopy with stable heavy ion beams and rare isotope beams at GSI and FAIR in order to study hypernuclei at extreme isospin, especially neutron rich hypernuclei to look insight hyperon-nucleon interactions in the neutron rich medium, and hypernuclear magnetic moments to investigate baryon properties in the nuclei1,2. We are currently preparing for the first experiment with 6 Li and 12 C beams at 2 A GeV to demonstrate the feasibility of a precise hypernuclear spectroscopy by identifying [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The first physics experiment on these hypernuclei is planned for 2009. In the present document, an overview of the HypHI project and the details of this first experiment will be discussed.
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Bezeng, B. S., T. J. Davies, B. H. Daru, R. M. Kabongo, O. Maurin, K. Yessoufou, H. van der Bank, and M. van der Bank. "Ten years of barcoding at the African Centre for DNA Barcoding." Genome 60, no. 7 (July 2017): 629–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0198.
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The African Centre for DNA Barcoding (ACDB) was established in 2005 as part of a global initiative to accurately and rapidly survey biodiversity using short DNA sequences. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (CO1) was rapidly adopted as the de facto barcode for animals. Following the evaluation of several candidate loci for plants, the Plant Working Group of the Consortium for the Barcoding of Life in 2009 recommended that two plastid genes, rbcLa and matK, be adopted as core DNA barcodes for terrestrial plants. To date, numerous studies continue to test the discriminatory power of these markers across various plant lineages. Over the past decade, we at the ACDB have used these core DNA barcodes to generate a barcode library for southern Africa. To date, the ACDB has contributed more than 21 000 plant barcodes and over 3000 CO1 barcodes for animals to the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD). Building upon this effort, we at the ACDB have addressed questions related to community assembly, biogeography, phylogenetic diversification, and invasion biology. Collectively, our work demonstrates the diverse applications of DNA barcoding in ecology, systematics, evolutionary biology, and conservation.
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YOKOYAMA, EIJI, YOSHIKI ETOH, SACHIKO ICHIHARA, KAZUMI HORIKAWA, NORIKO KONISHI, AKEMI KAI, YUKO MATSUMOTO, et al. "Emergence of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Serovar O157 Strains in Clade 8 with Highly Similar Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Patterns." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 1324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-461.
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Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serovar O157 (O157) strains with highly similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns were isolated in Japan during 2007 and 2008. Several genetic features related to O157 evolution were investigated to indicate whether homoplasy might have contributed to the highly similar PFGE patterns in these strains. The O157 strains were classified in lineage I/II, as defined by a lineage-specific polymorphism assay-6 with an atypical allele in Z5935 (code: 231111). Analysis of the insertion sites of stx2 phage in these strains showed that the sites were “occupied” in yehV and “intact” in wrbA, indicating that the strains were derived from “Cluster 1” of “Subgroup C.” When a specific single-nucleotide polymorphism in ECs2357 in clade 8 strains was investigated, all of the strains in the present study were confirmed to be clade 8 strains. These results indicated that the O157 strains in this study had common genetic features, suggesting that the highly similar PFGE patterns of these strains were not due to homoplasy. Because no common source of these strains could be identified in 2007 to 2008 in Japan, these strains may have emerged from a unique O157 clade 8 clone and then spread by dissemination in Japan.
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Hao, Binfei, Mingguo Ma, Shiwei Li, Qiuping Li, Dalei Hao, Jing Huang, Zhongxi Ge, Hong Yang, and Xujun Han. "Land Use Change and Climate Variation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment from 2000 to 2015 Based on the Google Earth Engine." Sensors 19, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092118.
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Possible environmental change and ecosystem degradation have received increasing attention since the construction of Three Gorges Reservoir Catchment (TGRC) in China. The advanced Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-based platform and the large number of Geosciences and Remote Sensing datasets archived in GEE were used to analyze the land use and land cover change (LULCC) and climate variation in TGRC. GlobeLand30 data were used to evaluate the spatial land dynamics from 2000 to 2010 and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) images were applied for land use in 2015. The interannual variations in the Land Surface Temperature (LST) and seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index (SINDVI) were estimated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. The climate factors including air temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration were investigated based on the data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). The results indicated that from 2000 to 2015, the cultivated land and grassland decreased by 2.05% and 6.02%, while the forest, wetland, artificial surface, shrub land and waterbody increased by 3.64%, 0.94%, 0.87%, 1.17% and 1.45%, respectively. The SINDVI increased by 3.209 in the period of 2000-2015, while the LST decreased by 0.253 °C from 2001 to 2015. The LST showed an increasing trend primarily in urbanized area, with a decreasing trend mainly in forest area. In particular, Chongqing City had the highest LST during the research period. A marked decrease in SINDVI occurred primarily in urbanized areas. Good vegetation areas were primarily located in the eastern part of the TGRC, such as Wuxi County, Wushan County, and Xingshan County. During the 2000–2015 period, the air temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration rose by 0.0678 °C/a, 1.0844 mm/a, and 0.4105 mm/a, respectively. The climate change in the TGRC was influenced by LULCC, but the effect was limited. What is more, the climate change was affected by regional climate change in Southwest China. Marked changes in land use have occurred in the TGRC, and they have resulted in changes in the LST and SINDVI. There was a significantly negative relationship between LST and SINDVI in most parts of the TGRC, especially in expanding urban areas and growing forest areas. Our study highlighted the importance of environmental protection, particularly proper management of land use, for sustainable development in the catchment.
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Andia, Luis Henrique, Renato Garcia, and Carlos José Caetano Bacha. "A influência dos fatores econômicos e jurídicos sobre o desempenho das empresas do agronegócio brasileiro: período de 2003 a 2005." Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural 49, no. 4 (December 2011): 875–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-20032011000400004.
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O artigo desenvolve e estima um modelo de análise do desempenho financeiro e econômico, mensurado por indicadores contábeis, para empresas do agronegócio brasileiro. Usando dados contábeis de 109 empresas, para os anos-exercícios de 2003 a 2005, são avaliadas as interferências de quatro fatores estruturais sobre seis indicadores de desempenho econômico-financeiros das firmas. Os fatores estruturais são: (1) "cadeia" em que está inserida a empresa; (2) o "tipo de estrutura organizacional" (governança) adotada pela empresa; (3) o "tipo de segmento" dentro da cadeia do agronegócio em que se insere a firma; e, (4) o tipo de "constituição jurídica" da firma. Os indicadores contábeis de desempenho financeiro e econômico são: (a) grau de endividamento financeiro (GEF), (b) relação exigível de longo prazo sobre o patrimônio líquido (ELP/PL), (c) margem bruta (MB), (d) retorno sobre os ativos (ROA), (e) retorno sobre o patrimônio líquido (RPL), e (f) valor adicionado econômico (VEA). Aplicou-se a MANOVA (Anova Multivariada) e, em seguida, regressões com dados organizados em painéis para verificar se houve interferência significativa dos quatro fatores supracitados sobre a variação dos seis indicadores contábeis de desempenho econômico e financeiro. Foram detectadas diferentes influências, com distintas significâncias estatísticas, das variáveis explanatórias (que são os quatro fatores estruturais supracitados) sobre os seis indicadores financeiro-econômicos (que são as variáveis dependentes). Esses resultados demonstram a importância de integrar a análise contábil de balanços com a teoria de cadeias produtivas para avaliar e planejar o desempenho financeiro e econômico de empresas do agronegócio brasileiro.