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TOMAR, M. S. "An insight into the severe floods in India during 2005, 2006 & 2007." MAUSAM 63, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v63i1.1456.
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In this paper severe flood during South West monsoon seasons of 2005, 2006 & 2007 have been identified with the related synoptic features. A total of 22 states reeled under severe floods during 2005, 2006 & 2007. In the south peninsula only Karnataka and Kerala were affected by severe floods. During 2006 & 2007 severe floods continued for a longer period and affected many states where as during 2005 severe floods affected most of the states except peninsular India but they continued for short periods comparatively.Formation of excess No’s of low pressure areas and depressions in the Bay of Bengal during July, Aug and Sept 2006, in succession , and their WNW movements upto M.P. and east Rajasthan caused severe floods in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh for a longer period i.e. from 28 July to 12 September 2006. During 2007, Shifting of monsoon trough, presence of secondary monsoon trough and trough in westerly, caused severe floods in most of the North eastern states from 12 July to 10 October 2007.
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Schram, Frederick R., and William A. Newman. "Joel W. Hedgpeth: 29 September 1911-28 July 2006." Journal of Crustacean Biology 27, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1651/s-2800.1.
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Norton, Bill, and Richard Lewington. "THE SOCIETY'S 2006 TOUR OF WESTERN MONGOLIA (28 JULY–14 AUGUST)." Asian Affairs 38, no. 1 (February 19, 2007): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068370601108657.
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Barker, J. Craig. "II. Cases before the Court." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 56, no. 3 (July 2007): 708–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei191.
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1. Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia)On 2 July 1993, in pursuance of a Special Agreement of 7 April 1993, Hungary and Slovakia requested the Court to determine certain issues arising out of the implementation and termination of a 1977 Agreement on the construction and operation of the Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros barrage system. In its judgment of 25 September 199790 the Court found both States to be in breach of their obligations and called on them to negotiate a settlement in good faith.91 On 3 September 1998 Slovakia filed a request for an additional judgment, arguing that Hungary was unwilling to implement the judgment92 and it was subsequently agreed that Hungary would file a written statement of its position regarding this request by 7 December 1998.932. Ahmadou Sadio Diallo (Republic of Guinea v Democratic Republic of the Congo) Guinea instituted proceedings against the Democratic Republic of Congo on 28 December 1998 alleging grave breaches of international law perpetrated upon a national of Guinea. By an order of 25 November 199994 the following time limits were set for the submission of written pleadings: Republic of Guinea, memorial, 11 September 2000; Democratic Republic of the Congo, counter-memorial, 11 September 2001. By an order of 8 September 200095 these were extended to: Republic of Guinea, memorial, 23 March 2001; Democratic Republic of the Congo, counter-memorial, 4 October 2002. On 3 October 2002 the Democratic Republic of the Congo filed preliminary objections to the admissibility of the Application and in an order of 7 November 200296 the Court fixed 7 July 2003 as the time limit for submission of written observations by the Republic of Guinea. On 18 July 2006, the Court set 27 November 2006 as the date for the opening of public hearings on preliminary objections in relation to the case.97 The public hearings concluded on 1 December 2006 at which time the Court commenced its deliberations.98 The Court gave its decision in the case on 24 May 2007.99
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Jha, Prashant, and Jason K. Norsworthy. "Soybean Canopy and Tillage Effects on Emergence of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) from a Natural Seed Bank." Weed Science 57, no. 6 (December 2009): 644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-09-074.1.
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Field experiments were conducted in 2004, 2005, and 2006, at Pendleton, SC, to determine the effects of soybean canopy and tillage on Palmer amaranth emergence from sites with a uniform population of Palmer amaranth. In 2006, the effect of soybean canopy was evaluated only in no-tillage plots. Palmer amaranth emerged from May 10 through October 23, May 13 through September 2, and April 28 through August 25 in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. Two to three consistent emergence periods occurred from early May through mid-July. Shallow (10-cm depth) spring tillage had minimal influence on the cumulative emergence of Palmer amaranth. Increase in light interception following soybean canopy formation was evident by early July, resulting in reduced Palmer amaranth emergence, especially in no-tillage conditions. In no-tillage plots, from 32 or 33 d after soybean emergence through senescence, Palmer amaranth emergence was reduced by 73 to 76% in plots with soybean compared with plots without soybean. Emergence of Palmer amaranth was favored by high-thermal soil amplitudes (10 to 16 C) in the absence of soybean. Of the total emergence during a season, > 90% occurred before soybean canopy closure. The seedling recruitment pattern of Palmer amaranth from this research suggests that, although Palmer amaranth exhibits an extended emergence period, cohorts during the peak emergence periods from early May to mid-July need greater attention in weed management.
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Ranganathan, Aarati, David Lee, Corey Langer, Ken Yoneda, and David R. Gandara. "2006 Highlights From: 7th International Lung Cancer Congress Workshop Maui, HI; June 28-July 1, 2006." Clinical Lung Cancer 8, no. 2 (September 2006): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1525-7304(11)70487-9.
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Dmitriev, A. V., H. C. Yeh, J. K. Chao, I. S. Veselovsky, S. Y. Su, and C. C. Fu. "Top-side ionosphere response to extreme solar events." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 5 (July 3, 2006): 1469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-1469-2006.
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Abstract. Strong X-flares and solar energetic particle (SEP) fluxes are considered as sources of topside ionospheric disturbances observed by the ROCSAT-1/IPEI instrument during the Bastille Day event on 14 July 2000 and the Halloween event on 28 October–4 November 2003. It was found that within a prestorm period in the dayside ionosphere at altitudes of ~600 km the ion density increased up to ~80% in response to flare-associated enhancements of the solar X-ray emission. Ionospheric response to the SEP events was revealed both at sunlit and nightside hemispheres, where the ion density increased up to ~40% and 100%, respectively. We did not find any prominent response of the ion temperature to the X-ray and SEP enhancements. The largest X-ray and SEP impacts were found for the X17 solar flare on 28 October 2003, which was characterized by the most intense fluxes of solar EUV (Tsurutani et al., 2005) and relativistic solar particles (Veselovsky et al., 2004). Solar events on 14 July 2000 and 29 October 2003 demonstrate weaker impacts with respect to their X-ray and SEP intensities. The weakest ionospheric response is observed for the limb X28 solar flare on 4 November 2003. The topside ionosphere response to the extreme solar events is interpreted in terms of the short-duration impact of the solar electromagnetic radiation and the long-lasting impact of the SEP.
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Djerbal, M., and Jean-Claude Delecolle. "Surveillance entomologique de la fièvre catarrhale ovine en Algérie." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 62, no. 2-4 (February 1, 2009): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.10051.
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Culicoides imicola is the major Old World vector of the arboviruses that caused African horse sickness and bluetongue (BT). BT was observed for the first time in Algeria in 2000. BT virus serotype 2 (BTV-2) was then reported, whereas BTV-1 was incriminated in 2006. Various Culicoides species were captured during the trapping campaigns of 2003 and 2006 carried out by Delécolle and Baldet, and those of 2007 and 2009 carried out by the present team. The 2007/2009 campaigns covered two periods (March-April and June-July) and samples were collected in 28 departments of Algeria. More C. imicola were caught in the second period (June-July). Although a weak activity and sometimes absence of C. imicola were observed in some departments, BTV-1 was reported in these areas. It seems likely that other species of Culicoides are incriminated in the transmission of BTV in the country. The 2007/2009 campaigns revealed 10 new Culicoides species, which, added to the 37 species identified by Delécolle and Baldet in the 2003/2006 campaigns, bring the total of known species in Algeria to 47.
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BÜHLER, ROLF. "UNIQUE TeV FLARES OF PKS 2155-304 IN JULY 2006." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 09 (September 2008): 1443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808013017.
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The high-frequency-peaked BL Lac PKS 2155-304 is one of the brightest and best-studied VHE gamma-ray sources in the southern hemisphere. Since 2002, the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) has monitored this source and found it to be in an unusually high state in July 2006. On the nights of 28 and 30 July, two major outbursts occurred, with peak fluxes ~ 80 times the usual values and well-resolved structures varying on time scales of ~ 200 s. Here, we report on spectral variability studies of VHE data of the first flare and show first results of the H.E.S.S. observations during the second flare night.
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Endarti, Ajeng Tias, and Ratna Djuwita. "Epidemiologi Diskriptif Penyakit Avian Flu di Lima Provinsi di Indonesia, 2005-2006." Kesmas: National Public Health Journal 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2006): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v1i1.325.
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Jumlah kasus flu burung pada manusia meningkat sangat pesat. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran epidemiologi penyakit flu burung (Avian Influenza / AI) pada kejadian luar biasa di 5 provinsi Indonesia in 2005-2006. Studi ini mengunakan sumber data sekunder data surveilens, sub direktorat Surveilens, Depkes RI, pada periode Juli 2005-2006. Dari 28 kasus konfirmasi ditemukan banyak pada pria (57.1%). Sekitar 89.3% kasus memperlihatkan gejala demam tinggi (≥ 38°C), batuk dan masalah pernapasan dan sekitar 80% diantaranya meninggal dunia. Gejala tersebut mengindikasikan kerusakan jaringan paru-paru pada tubuh penderi- ta. Berdasarkan laporan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, terlihat bahwa 60.7% penderita mengalami penurunan kadar leukosit (leucopenia) dan 46.4% penurunan kadar trombosit (thrombocytopenia). Laju fatalitas kasus yang telah mendapat pengobatan Tamiflu mencapai 66.7%. Sekitar 53.6% mempunyai riwayat kontak den- gan ayam dan bebek. Banyak kasus terjadi pada kelompok dewasa (> 18 years) dengan frekuensi 57.1%. Sebaliknya, laju respon untuk kasus, terlihat sekitar 64, 3 % mengalami pengobatan yg terlambat. Rata-rata semua kasus konfirmasi di Indonesia pada July 2005 - February 2006 adalah 3.5 kasus /bulan. Kasus-kasus tersebut terjadi dalam wilayah yang mengalami KLB pada binatang ternak. Sampai 28 Februari, 2006, KLB telah ditemukan di lima provinsi yang meliputi: Lampung (10.72%), DKI Jakarta (32.14), Jawa Barat (39.29%), Banten (14.28%) and Jawa Tengah (3.57%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kasus lebih sering ditemukan pada pria dewasa dan pada orang yang lebih terpapar dengan faktor risiko. Kasus-kasus tersebut menampilkan gejala demam tinggi, batuk, masalah-masalah pernapasan leukopenia and trombositopenia. Selain itu, angka dan keefektifan ditemukan rendah. Kasus-kasus tersebut terjadi terutama pada musim hujan dan pada wilayah yang sebelumnya mengalami KLB pada binatang seperti ayam dan bebek.Kata kunci: Avian flu, epidemiologi diskriptif , kejadian luar biasa, IndonesiaAbstractThe number of Human Avian Influenza in Indonesia increasing tremendously. The research is intended to identify the epidemiological description of Avian Influenza’s (AI) outbreaks within five provinces in Indonesia in 2005-2006. The research conducted descriptively using AI surveillance data from July 2005 up until February 2006. The data gained from the Surveillance sub-directorate Ministry of Health of Indonesia. From 28 confirmed AI cases, many occurred to male (57.14%) since Approximately 89.29% of the cases showed symptom of high fever (≥ 38° C), cough and respiratory problems and 80 % of such cases resulted to deceased for the victim. The symptoms indicated that severe destruction of tissue (pneumonia) occurred in the victim body. Based on laboratory’s report, it shows 60.71% of leucope- nia and 46.43% of thrombocytopenia cases. The death rate for the cases that have Tamiflu treatment reached 66.67%. 53.57% of the case reveals the victims’ high interactions with chicken and duck as the risk factor (avian). Many cases occurred to adult (> 18 years) with a hit rate of 57.14%. On the other hand, the response rate for the cases shows that 64.29 show late treatment of the cases. The average of confirmed AI cases in Indonesia from July 2005 to February 2006 is 3.5 cases/months. The cases occurred within the area that has AI outbreak to the animal. Up until February 28, 2006, the AI outbreaks have been found within five provinces, they are: Lampung (10.72%), DKI Jakarta (32.14), West Java (39.29%), Banten (14.28%) and Central Java (3.57%). It can be concluded that the cases inflicted more to adult male and to those people who interact more with the risk factor. The cases reveal symptoms such as high fever, cough, respiratory problems, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Furthermore the cases response rates and Tamiflu effectively were low. The cases occurred mainly in rainy seasons and to the areas those priories have AI outbreaks to the animals such as chickens or ducks.Key words: Avian flu, descriptive epidemiology , outbreak, Indonesia
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Crompton, Paul. "Health and Science Communications Association 47thInternational Conference, Washington DC, 28 July – 1 June 2006." Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine 29, no. 3 (January 2006): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01405110601014844.
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Besson, Dave Z. "Radiowave neutrino detection (ARENA06 Conference Summary talk, Newcastle, UK, June 28–July 1, 2006)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 81 (September 1, 2007): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/81/1/012026.
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Ndounga, Mathieu, Rachida Tahar, Prisca N. Casimiro, Dieudonné Loumouamou, and Leonardo K. Basco. "Clinical Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine in Congolese Children with Acute Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria in Brazzaville." Malaria Research and Treatment 2012 (December 17, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/749479.
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The Republic of the Congo adopted artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) in 2006: artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine as the first-line and second-line drugs, respectively. The baseline efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine was evaluated between March and July 2006 in Brazzaville, the capital city of Congo. Seventy-seven children aged between 6 months and 10 years were enrolled in a nonrandomized study. The children were treated under supervision with 6 doses of artemether-lumefantrine and followed up for 28 days in accordance with the 2003 World Health Organization guideline. Pretreatment (i.e., day 0) and recrudescent Plasmodium falciparum isolates between day 14 and day 28 were compared by the polymerase chain reaction to distinguish between true recrudescence and reinfection. The overall cure rate on day 28 was 96.9% after PCR correction. Reported adverse effects included pruritus and dizziness. Artemether-lumefantrine was highly efficacious in Brazzaville.
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Pan, C. J., K. Krishna Reddy, H. C. Lai, S. S. Yang, and C. J. Wong. "Wind profiler observations on orographic effects of typhoon wind structure modification over Taiwan (120.38° E, 22.6° N)." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 1 (January 18, 2010): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-141-2010.
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Abstract. The interaction of the storm circulation with the Central Mountain Range (CMR) of Taiwan is studied with a wind profiler located at the leeside during the invasions of two (Kaemi (200605) and Bopha (200609)) typhoons. The moderate typhoon Kaemi upgraded from a tropical depression on 21 July 2006. It then was made landfall at 15:45 UTC on 24 July 2006 near Cheng-Kung. The weak typhoon Bopha formed at about 12:00 UTC on 5 August 2006 and also landed near Cheng-Kung at around 19:20 UTC on 8 August. A new finding from both typhoons is the vortex splitting into upper and lower parts with the two typhoons that have passed the observation site nearly. For the typhoon Kaemi, demarcation height of the upper-level vortex and lower level is at 2.8 km and passed the site about 3 h earlier than the low-level one. For the typhoon Bopha, the center of the lower-level vortex at 3.5 km locates to the north of the upper-level one at 5.2 km. The re-organization of the split vortexes is found in typhoon Kaemi but not for typhoon Bopha.
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Yau, Rebecca K., Savannah G. Dennis, Barry P. Boden, Robert C. Cantu, James A. Lord, and Kristen L. Kucera. "Catastrophic High School and Collegiate Cheerleading Injuries in the United States: An Examination of the 2006-2007 Basket Toss Rule Change." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 11, no. 1 (October 24, 2018): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738118807122.
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Background: Cheerleading is a specialized athletic activity that can lead to catastrophic injuries. Cheerleading rules are in place to maximize safety of participants. The purpose of this study was to describe catastrophic cheerleading injuries among high school and collegiate-level participants in the United States and to explore whether the 2006-2007 basket toss rule change was effective at reducing the number of catastrophic injuries. Hypothesis: The 2006-2007 basket toss rule change contributed to a reduction in the number of catastrophic injuries among high school and collegiate cheerleaders. Study Design: Case series. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Data on catastrophic cheerleading injuries were collected by the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research from July 2002 to June 2017. Information collected included cheerleader, event, and injury characteristics. The impact of the 2006-2007 rule change banning the basket toss on any hard surfaces was assessed by comparing injury rates and 95% CIs before and after the rule change. Results: There were 54 catastrophic cheerleading injuries, or 3.6 injuries per year. From July 2002 through June 2017, the injury rate was 2.12 per 1,000,000 cheerleaders (95% CI, 1.56-2.69). Most cheerleaders sustained serious injuries (n = 27; 50%) during practice (n = 37; 69%) to the head (n = 28; 52%) and cervical spine (n = 17; 32%). From July 2002 through June 2017, basket tosses were the stunt that accounted for the highest proportion of injuries (n = 19; 35%). The basket toss injury rate decreased from 1.55 to 0.40 per 1,000,000 cheerleaders among both high school and collegiate cheerleaders after the rule change. Conclusion: Catastrophic injury rates in cheerleading decreased dramatically after the 2006-2007 rule change banning basket tosses from being performed on any hard surfaces. In particular, there was a nearly 4-fold reduction in the rate of catastrophic basket toss injuries.
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Bisselink, B., and A. J. Dolman. "Recycling of moisture in Europe: contribution of evaporation to variability in very wet and dry years." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 2 (April 21, 2009): 3301–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-3301-2009.
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Abstract. Evaporation is a key parameter in the regional atmospheric water cycle. Precipitation recycling is defined as the contribution of local evaporation in a region to the precipitation in the same region. In this work, we apply a dynamic precipitation recycling mode, which includes the moisture storage term, to calculate the warm season variability of the precipitation recycling over central Europe at a daily scale for 2003 (dry) and 2006 (wet). For the central part of Europe advection is the most important contributor to precipitation. In dry spells in both years 2003 and 2006, when moisture of advective origin diminishes, the local evaporation becomes an important contributor to precipitation (negative feedback). In two periods (June 2003 and July 2006) where there is enough moisture storage in the soil to continue the evaporation the recycling is enhanced. In August 2003 the evaporation is affecting the recycling due the lack of water availability caused by the dryness of the preceding spring and summer season. According to a multi variance analyses the evaporation in 2003 is the most important factor to explain the variance in the recycling ratio. In 2006, the precipitable water and the moisture fluxes are more dominant and the evaporation becomes less important, except for the dry period in July. Not only evaporation is important for recycling, but also a mechanism to trigger precipitation. In case studies we follow the path of an air column of days with one of the highest recycling. At the 2 days with enough moisture availability (28 May 2003 and 5 July 2006) we see long path length due to weak winds. Following the paths, the air is transported over land for a very long distance before it precipitates and has a lot of time to traverse the region and capture moisture of evaporative origin. However, we hypothesize that the precipitation falling at those days originates (partly) from oceanic sources, but the triggering of precipitation may itself be a result of enhanced instability induced by soils, which still have enough moisture storage. In this way, the evaporation is an important driver in the recycling ratio variability. For the case study of 10 August 2003, the atmosphere is too dry to generate precipitation with exception of the mountainous regions due orographical lifting. However, the impact of land-use change in future climate will have the most impact on the evaporation in dry spells dominated by persistent blocking systems.
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Thom, Kerri A., Judith A. Johnson, Sandra M. Strauss, Jon P. Furuno, Eli N. Perencevich, and Anthony D. Harris. "Increasing Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Colonization With Ceftazidime-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Among Intensive Care Unit Patients." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 28, no. 11 (November 2007): 1240–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/522680.
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Background.The occurrence of nosocomial infections due to third-generation cephalosporin–resistant gram-negative bacteria is increasing. Gastrointestinal colonization is an important reservoir for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and it often precedes clinical infection.Objective.To estimate the prevalence of gastrointestinal colonization with ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacteria among intensive care unit (ICU) patients at a university-affiliated tertiary-care hospital during 2 distinct periods and to assess whether, at any time during the index hospitalization, colonized patients had a clinical culture positive for the same organism that was recovered from surveillance culture.Setting.Two ICUs at the University of Maryland Medical Center, a 656-bed tertiary-care hospital located in Baltimore, Maryland. Both ICUs provide care to adult patients.Methods.We performed a cross-sectional study of adult patients admitted to the medical ICU or the surgical ICU from June 14 to July 14, 2003, and from June 14 to July 14, 2006. Perirectal swab samples were obtained for surveillance culture on admission to the intensive care unit, weekly thereafter, and at discharge. Each culture sample was plated onto MacConkey agar supplemented with ceftazidime.Results.In 2003, a total of 33 (18.8%) of 176 patients were colonized with ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli; in 2006, 60 (31.4%) of 191 patients were (P<.01). This increase was largely driven by an increase in ceftazidime-resistantKlebsiellaisolates (which accounted for 6.4% of isolates in 2003 and for 22.8% in 2006;P<.01). In 2003, a total of 16 (48.5%) of 33 colonized patients had a clinical culture positive for the same organism that was recovered from the perirectal surveillance culture, compared with 22 (36.6%) of 60 colonized patients in 2006 (P= .28).Conclusion.Our data suggest that gastrointestinal colonization with ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli is common, that its prevalence is increasing, and that colonization may result in clinical cultures positive for these bacilli.
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Dragu, Anca, Ioana Munteanu, and V. Olteanu. "First record of Pipistrellus kuhlii Kuhl, 1817 (Chiroptera: vespertilionidae) from Dobrogea (Romania)." Archives of Biological Sciences 59, no. 3 (2007): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs0703243d.
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Pipistrellus kuhlii is recorded in the Dobrogea District for the first time. On the 16th of July 2006, a nursery colony was discovered on the second floor of a building in Constan?a (2.5 m a. s. l., 44?10.4?N 28?38.3?E). External characters as well as cranial and dental measurements of two specimens are given. .
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Bisselink, B., and A. J. Dolman. "Recycling of moisture in Europe: contribution of evaporation to variability in very wet and dry years." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 9 (September 24, 2009): 1685–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-1685-2009.
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Abstract. Evaporation is a key parameter in the regional atmospheric water cycle. Precipitation recycling is defined as the contribution of water that evaporates from a region to precipitation within the same region. We apply a dynamic precipitation recycling model, which includes a dynamic moisture storage term, to calculate the warm season variability of the precipitation recycling over central Europe at a daily time scale for 2003 (dry) and 2006 (wet). For the central part of Europe advection is the most important contributor to precipitation. In dry spells in both years 2003 and 2006, when moisture of advective origin diminishes, local evaporation becomes an important contributor to precipitation (negative feedback). In two dry periods (June 2003 and July 2006) where there is enough moisture storage in the soil to continue evaporation, precipitation recycling is enhanced. In case studies we follow the path of an air column for days with high precipitation recycling to discuss the role of moisture recycling in land-atmosphere interactions. For 2 days with enough moisture availability (28 May 2003 and 5 July 2006) moisture particles stay long in the study area due to weak winds. By following the paths we show that the air is transported over land for a very long distance before it precipitates. It thus takes a considerable amount of time to traverse the region and capture moisture of evaporative origin. However, we hypothesize that the precipitation falling on those days still originates (partly) from oceanic sources, but that the triggering of precipitation may itself be a result of enhanced instability induced by soils, which still have sufficient moisture storage. In dry periods with enough moisture available precipitation recycling acts as a mechanism to keep the precipitation at a stable level. In August 2003 evaporation is affecting the precipitation recycling due to the lack of water availability caused by the dryness of the preceding spring and summer season. According to a Granger Causality test the evaporation in 2003 exerts the strongest causal impact on the precipitation recycling ratio. For the case study of 10 August 2003, the atmosphere is too dry to generate precipitation with exception of the mountainous regions due to orographical lifting.
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Cima, Gibson Alessandro. "RESURRECTING SIZWE BANZI IS DEAD (1972–2008): JOHN KANI, WINSTON NTSHONA, ATHOL FUGARD, AND POSTAPARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA." Theatre Survey 50, no. 1 (April 22, 2009): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557409000088.
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On 30 June 2006 at the annual National Arts Festival in Grahamstown, South Africa, two giants of South African protest theatre, John Kani and Winston Ntshona, performed as the original cast of the landmark struggle drama Sizwe Banzi Is Dead (1972). The revival marked the first production of the play in over twenty-five years. After its brief stint at the National Arts Festival (30 June–5 July 2006), the play transferred to the Baxter Theatre in Cape Town (11 July–5 August) and then entertained a monthlong run at the State Theatre in Pretoria (17 August–17 September). After its turn at the State, the production stopped shortly at the Hilton College Theatre in KwaZulu Natal (19–23 September) before settling into an extended engagement at Johannesburg's Market Theatre (28 September to 22 October). In March 2007, the original cast revival of Sizwe traveled to the British National Theatre before finally ending its tour at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in April 2008.
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Shrikhande, Shailesh V., Abhishek Mitra, Bhawna Sirohi, Munita Bal, and Mahesh Goel. "Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for periampullary tumors: Results from Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) over two decades." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2014): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.366.
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366 Background: There is scarcity of short and long term data regarding results of pancreaticoduodenectomy done for periampullary tumours. Contrary to the western data, ampulla of Vater is the commonest site of involvement in Indian patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis PD was done for periampullary tumors from 1991 to July 2013 at TMC. The time period was divided into 4 spans A (1991 to 2001), B (2003 to July 2009), C (Aug 2009 to Dec 2012) and D (Jan 2013 to July 2013) based on the increasing surgical volumes and changing practice trends. Survival outcomes were analysed. Data was prospectively maintained from 2006 onwards. Results: 626 pts underwent PD for periampullary tumors over this time period. 144, 206, 150 and 126 pts were operated during span A, B, C and D respectively. Sites involved were ampulla (67.5%), head of pancreas (16.6%), duodenum (9.9%) and bile duct (6.9%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histology (81.5%). The morbidity and mortality was 31.7% and 4.3%. Postoperative pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying (DGE), post-pancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH) and bile leaks were 12.4%, 2.8%, 4.8% and 2.7% respectively for the whole group. Morbidity, mortality, DGE, PPH and bile leak rates have declined over subsequent time periods. Majority of pts in span C and D received adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 on day 1,8 and 15 of a 28 day cycle. 2 year disease free survival (DFS) for periampullary adenocarcinoma-ampulla, bile duct & pancreas from April 2006 for 294 pts was 79.3%, 68.6% and 41.8% respectively. Overall 2 year DFS was 74%. Conclusions: These data represent the largest single centre experience with PD from Indian subcontinent. The improvement of results over the 2 decades can be due to increasing volume of pts, standardisation of surgical technique and gradually increasing experience of the operating team. The impressive 2 year DFS can be attributed to a large number of good prognosis ampullary tumors.
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Su, Wei-Ju, Shu-Fong Chen, Chin-Hui Yang, Pei-Hung Chuang, Hsiu-Fang Chang, and Mei-Hwei Chang. "The Impact of Universal Infant Hepatitis B Immunization on Reducing the Hepatitis B Carrier Rate in Pregnant Women." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, no. 7 (December 31, 2018): 1118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy706.
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Abstract Background The hepatitis B virus (HBV) status of pregnant women affects HBV vaccine failure in their offspring. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of the universal infant HBV vaccination program on the long-term hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rate in pregnant women. Methods Using the National Immunization Information System, we examined a 32-year period of cross-sectional data on a maternal HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) screening program launched in July 1984. An age-period-cohort model analysis of 940 180 pregnant women screened for July 1996–June 1997 and the years 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 was applied. Results The annual HBsAg- and HBeAg-seropositive rates decreased from 13.4% and 6.4%, respectively, for the period 1984–1985 to 5.9% and 1.0% in 2016 (P for both trends < .0001). Pregnant women with birth years after July 1986 (the HBV vaccination cohort) had the lowest relative risk (0.27 [95% confidence interval, .26–.28]) of HBsAg positivity compared with birth years before June 1984. Conclusions The birth cohort effect in relation to the universal infant HBV immunization program has effectively reduced the HBV carrier rate in pregnant women and the burden of perinatal HBV infection on the next generation.
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Zawal, Andrzej, Tomasz Olechwir, and Edyta Stępień. "Odonates (Insecta: Odonata) of the ”Golczewskie Uroczysko” nature reserve (North-West Poland)." Ecologica Montenegrina 43 (June 16, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2021.43.3.
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The „Golczewskie Uroczysko” nature reserve was established on 5 May 2004 to protect the raised peat bog and the dystrophic Lake Żabie with its surrounding transitional bog and adjacent forest complexes containing valuable plants. In May, July and October 2006 the research of odonates (Odonata) fauna has been conducted in this area. A total of 575 odonates individuals belonging to 29 species (366 imagines, 152 larvae, 57 exuviae) were collected and among these 489 specimens belonging to 28 species were collected in Lake Żabie, 26 specimens belonging to 7 species on the beat boog, 52 specimens belonging to 3 species in flooded alder forest and 8 specimens belonging to 2 species were collected in ditches in the forest. The eurytopic species were dominated with substantial parts of tyrphobiontic and tyrphophilous species.
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Ara, Zubaida Gulshan, ASM Shafiqul Islam, Umme Kulsum Sharmin Zaman, Anjuman Ara, and Reeva Aireen Busreea. "Study of Cervical Length in Bangladeshi Cadaver." Community Based Medical Journal 5, no. 2 (August 10, 2016): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v5i2.53927.
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This cross sectional descriptive study was done to see the length of the cervix in Bangladeshi cadaver to find out the anatomical variation and to compare it with other study findings. 60 post mortem specimens containing female genital organs particularly uterine cervix were collected by purposive sampling technique from cadavers of different age groups. All the collected specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution. This study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College from July 2006 to June 2007. Both gross and fine dissections were performed to measure the length of the uterine cervix. We compare our study findings with that of the references. Maximum mean length of the cervix was found in the 13-45 years age group. It was 2.89 cm.
CBMJ 2016 July: Vol. 05 No. 02 P: 26-28
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Lynde, Denyse. "Magnetic North in St. John’s." Canadian Theatre Review 128 (September 2006): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.128.023.
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Magnetic North Theatre Festival played in St. John’s, Newfoundland from 28 June through 8 July 2006. We in St. John’s were delighted to welcome Canada’s National Festival of Contemporary Canadian Theatre in English. It is hard to believe that this outstanding theatrical event has only been in existence for four years, but what a tremendous special happening we experienced on the East Coast. With world premieres, exciting remounts, special Atlantic contributions, Magnetic Encounters, the Newfoundland and Labrador Scene, On the Verge and non-stop theatre-going and partying, it was a busy and extremely stimulating time.
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Szendrő, Zsolt. "A házinyulak nagyüzemi tartásának minimális állatvédelmi követelményei – a WRSA Magyar Tagozatának ajánlása." Acta Agraria Kaposváriensis 23, no. 1 (June 7, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31914/aak.2293.
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Az európai fogyasztók egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt helyeznek az állatok jóllétére. Az elvárások megfogalmazásában jelentős szerepe van az állatvédő mozgalmaknak, amelyek egy része szakmai ismeretek, mások viszont érzelmi benyomások alapján fogalmazzák meg véleményüket. Sajnos ritkán jutnak el a kutatási eredmények a kereskedőkhöz és fogyasztókhoz, az állatvédők viszont nagyon eredményesen gyakorolnak nyomást a kereskedelemre, a politikusokra, és végül a fogyasztók választását is hatékonyan befolyásolják.
Ugyanakkor az állatjólléti előírásoknak kutatási eredményeken kellene alapulniuk, valóban az állatok jóllétét kellene szolgálniuk, figyelemmel a termelőre és a fogyasztói árakra is. A nyulak védelmére vonatkozó minimális követelményekről szóló, az Európai Parlament 2017. március 14-i állásfoglalásban (2016/2077 (INI)) rámutattak arra, hogy „számos szempont mérlegelésével egyensúlyt kell tartani, figyelemmel az állatok jóllétére és egészségére, a gazdálkodók pénzügyi helyzetére és munkakörülményekre, a termelés fenntarthatóságára, a környezeti hatásra és a fogyasztóvédelmre, továbbá a fogyasztók megfizethető, jó minőségű nyúlhús iránti igényére”.
A házinyulak tartásával és jóllétével kapcsolatban számos tudományos cikk, irodalmi összefoglaló és tanulmány jelent meg (EFSA, 2005; Hoy és mtsai, 2006; Trocino és Xiccato, 2006; Verga és mtsai, 2009; Szendrő és Dalle Zotte, 2011; Szendrő és McNitt, 2012; Szendrő és mtsai, 2016; Hoy és Matics, 2016; González-Mariscal és mtsai, 2017; Turner és mtsai, 2017; Szendrő és mtsai, 2019).
A fogyasztók igényeinek kielégítése érdekében az Európai Unió Tanácsa (EU Tanácsa) irányelveket adott ki a tenyésztés céljából tartott állatok védelméről (Council Directive 98/58/EC of 20 July 1998), a tojótyúkok, (Council Directive 1999/74/EC of 19 July 199), a hústermelés céljából tartott csirkék (Council Directive 2007/43/EC of 28 June 2007), a borjak (Council Directive 2008/119/EC of 18 December 2008), valamint a sertések védelmére vonatkozó minimális követelményekről (Council Directive 2008/120/EC of 18 December 2008). Az EU Tanácsa azonban még nem tett közzé semmilyen előírást a tenyésztett nyulak védelméről.
Jelen cikk célja, hogy tudományos eredményekre alapozva foglalja össze a házinyulak nagyüzemi tartásának minimális követelményeit. Nemcsak a követelményeket írjuk le, hanem ahol van, röviden összefoglaljuk az adott terület irodalmi eredményeit, vagyis a javaslatok magyarázatát is.
A minimális követelmények „A mezőgazdasági haszonállatok tartásának állatvédelmi szabályairól” szóló 32/1999. (III. 31.) FVM rendeletre, illetve annak módosított változataira (20/2002. (III. 14.) FVM rendelet, 72/2004. (IV. 29.) FVM rendelet, 178/2009. (XII. 29.) FVM rendelet) épülnek. Ugynakkor független a sokkal szigorúbb állatkísérletekről szóló 40/2013. (II. 14.) Korm. rendelettől.
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Rani G, Elizabeth, Surendran A, and Thatheyus A.J. "Biting Behaviour of The Filarial Vector Mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say,in an Urban Area." Journal of Plant and Animal Ecology 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2637-6075.jpae-20-3305.
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Mosquitoes depend on blood meal for the development of their eggs into offsprings. By knowing the biting behaviour of mosquitoes, we may control mosquito-borne diseases and manage the mosquitoe menace successfully. The present study has been designed to study the biting behaviour of the filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, in Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India from July to November 2006. This period was selected as mosquitoes are prevalent during this rainy season. Biting was more during September, October and November and the maximum of 28 caught/man/hour was recorded in November. It is predominantly an exophilic biter, but biting was also noticed as maximum inside the house during July in the study. The density of the biting population in the first floor was more than that of the second floor, which indicated the existence of vertical stratification in the biting behaviour of Cx quinquefasciatus.
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McGovern, R. J., H. Horita, C. M. Stiles, and T. E. Seijo. "Host Range of Itersonilia perplexans and Management of Itersonilia Petal Blight of China Aster." Plant Health Progress 7, no. 1 (January 2006): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2006-1018-02-rs.
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Isolates of Itersonilia perplexans were tested for pathogenicity on 14 different plant species. Isolates from China aster and sunflower were each pathogenic to the other host and both isolates were pathogenic to chrysanthemum and gerbera, causing moderate to high incidences of flower or seedling blight in these hosts. China aster and sunflower isolates were not pathogenic to burdock, but an isolate from burdock was pathogenic to florists' chrysanthemum and gerbera. In a survey of weed species near a cut-flower production facility in southwest Florida, I. perplexans was found in only one weed species, Emilia fosbergii. However, two isolates from this weed host produced severe petal blight symptoms when inoculated onto China aster. Myclobutanil, potassium bicarbonate, and propiconazole were highly effective in reducing disease severity of petal blight in China aster, while azoxystrobin reduced disease moderately in fungicide evaluation trials. Accepted for publication 28 July 2006. Published 18 October 2006.
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Márquez Lasso, Daniel E. "The concept of abuse in tax matters within European Union law." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 13, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 362–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2021.6263.
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The principle of prohibition of abuse of rights is applicable in fields as varied as the free movement of goods (judgment of 10 of January 1985, Association des Centres distributeurs Leclerc and Thouars Distribution, Case 229/83), freedom to provide services (judgment of 3 of February 1993, Veronica Omroep Organisatie, Case C‑148/91), public service contracts (judgment of 11 of December 2014, Azienda sanitaria locale n. 5 Spezzino and Others, Case C‑113/13), freedom of establishment (judgment of 9 of March 1999, Centros, Case C‑212/97), company law (judgment of 23 of March 2000, Diamantis, Case C‑373/97), social security (judgments of 2 of May 1996, Paletta, Case C‑206/94; of 6 of February 2018, Altun and Others, Case C‑359/16; and of 11 of July 2018, Commission v Belgium, Case C‑356/15), transport (judgment of 6 of April 2006, Agip Petroli, Case C‑456/04), social policy (judgment of 28 of July 2016, Kratzer, Case C‑423/15), restrictive measures (judgment of 21 of December 2011, Afrasiabi and Others, Case C‑72/11) and value added tax (judgment of 21 of February 2006, Halifax and Others, Case C‑255/02) and, in that sense, the EU principle of prohibition of abuse of law has been developing within the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union since the mid-1970s, addressing it in multiple ways, not only in the face of different factual assumptions, which would be understandable and even necessary but, in its evolution, treating asymmetrically the handling of the requirements that must be met to reach the conclusion of the existence of practices abusive.
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Messaros, Roy C. "Application of the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Water Budget Manual to Finderne Farms Wetland Mitigation and Assessment of Project Performance." Journal of Ecosystems 2013 (October 1, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/983438.
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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, NY District’s wetland mitigation proposal for Finderne Farms in Bridgewater, NJ, was approved in August 2005 by the state regulatory agency. The design goal was to provide mitigation for wetlands impacted by the Green Brook Flood Control project at a ratio of 2 : 1. As part of the design process in 2001, the available historical hydrologic data was evaluated. At that time, the NJ Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Water Budget Manual was not available as a tool for accessing an acceptable design hydroperiod. Construction of the Finderne mitigation site was completed in July 2006. A six-year postconstruction monitoring program has determined that certain areas at the site have not achieved the established wetland success criteria. In 2012, there was a 28% survival of planted woody vegetation and a 74% cover of invasive species within Creation Area 1, a palustrine forested wetland. With the advent of the Water Budget Manual, a reevaluation of the historical hydrologic data was performed. Based on this analysis, the hydroperiod and soil moisture conditions are not representative of sustainable wetlands. Adaptive management measures are currently being developed and evaluated to improve the hydrology, hydric soil conditions, and survival of target vegetation at the Finderne site.
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Kawamura, Mariko, and Shin Kubota. "Influences of temperature and salinity on asexual budding by hydromedusa Proboscidactyla ornata (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Proboscidactylidae)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 8 (December 2008): 1601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408002944.
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At the head of Tanabe Bay, on the Pacific coast of Japan, dense populations of Proboscidactyla ornata medusae were observed at 24°C, 34 psu from July 2001 to September 2002 (maximum 472.4 individuals m−3). In the laboratory, 288 immature medusae of P. ornata collected from Tanabe Bay in May–June 2006 were cultured individually and fed with asphyxiated Artemia nauplii under 12 experimental conditions (four different temperatures (17°C, 20°C, 23°C and 26°C) combined with three different salinities (28 psu, 31 psu and 34 psu)). For 30 days, 94% of the medusae survived at all conditions. The maximum number of clones produced was 0.32 clones medusa−1 day−1 at 20°C, 34 psu; the number of medusae increased 10.5 times in 30 days. The maturation percentage at 23°C (54.2–58.3%) was higher than at 17°C (12.5–25.0%) and was positively correlated with the number of nauplii ingested. Temperature-specificity of energy usage was observed: 20°C for asexual budding and 23°C for sexual reproduction. The direct relationship between budding and temperature is demonstrated among hydromedusae for the first time in this study. Additionally, the influence of salinity on budding suggests a hypothesis on an advantage of budding at offshore and high saline waters.
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Osmonov, S. "Kyrgyzstan and Russia in the XXI century in the Light of Updated Foreign Policy Concepts." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 9 (September 15, 2022): 625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/82/69.
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At the beginning of the XXI century, after the March events, the leadership of the Kyrgyz Republic took measures to improve the country’s foreign policy activities in order to solve internal problems as soon as possible. In 2006, a new concept of the Kyrgyz Republic's foreign policy was developed. The need to adopt a new concept was dictated by the expediency of accelerating the ongoing transformations in the country, the dynamics of international and integration trends, globalization and regionalization of global processes. On July 28, 2000, the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin approved a new edition of the Foreign Policy Concept of the Russian Federation. This document provides an assessment of trends and patterns of development of the modern world, forms the goals and objectives of the foreign policy activities of the Russian state. Relations between the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation are stable and based on a long-term basis with the coordination of efforts to bring the countries closer.
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Noor, Rustam Baraq. "Pengaruh Pemberian Plant Catalyst dan Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Rambut (Allium chinense G.Don)." Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/ajip.v10i2.1079.
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This reseach is aim respons plant catalyst and growing medium on the growth and production of Allium chinense G. Don. In Implementation for four months from April to July 2021. Research sites Agroteknologi practice Universitas Widya Gama Mahakam K. H. Wahid Hasyim street, in Samarinda city.The research design used a randomized completely block design (RCBD) repeated three times. Plant catalyst four level and growing medium four. The first factor is Plant Catalyst 2006 (P) : P0 = without Plant Catalyst 2006 (Control), P1 = 1 g Plant Catalyst 2006 per liter of water, P2 = 1.5 g Plant Catalyst 2006 per liter of water, P3 = 2 g Plant Catalyst 2006 per liter of water and the second factor is the planting medium (M), namely: M0 = topsoil, M1 = topsoil + manure (3:1), M2 = topsoil + goad manure + husk charcoal (2:1:1), M3 = topsoil + goad manure + husk charcoal + compost (1:1:1:1). The results showed of plant Catalyst treatment non signifint and growing media treatment are higly significant. Effect on the number of leaves 28 DAP, 42 DAP, 56 DAP, 70 DAP, number of tubers 70 DAP, root length 70 DAP, and tuber wet weight 70 DAP. The best treatment is growing medium that is topsoil and goad manure (3:1). Recommendation to Use the ratio of soil and goat manure 3:1 for the cultivation of allium chinense
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Cai, L., S. Y. Ma, and Y. L. Zhou. "Prediction of SYM-H index during large storms by NARX neural network from IMF and solar wind data." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 2 (February 2, 2010): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-381-2010.
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Abstract. Similar to the Dst index, the SYM-H index may also serve as an indicator of magnetic storm intensity, but having distinct advantage of higher time-resolution. In this study the NARX neural network has been used for the first time to predict SYM-H index from solar wind (SW) and IMF parameters. In total 73 time intervals of great storm events with IMF/SW data available from ACE satellite during 1998 to 2006 are used to establish the ANN model. Out of them, 67 are used to train the network and the other 6 samples for test. Additionally, the NARX prediction model is also validated using IMF/SW data from WIND satellite for 7 great storms during 1995–1997 and 2005, as well as for the July 2000 Bastille day storm and November 2001 superstorm using Geotail and OMNI data at 1 AU, respectively. Five interplanetary parameters of IMF Bz, By and total B components along with proton density and velocity of solar wind are used as the original external inputs of the neural network to predict the SYM-H index about one hour ahead. For the 6 test storms registered by ACE including two super-storms of min. SYM-H<−200 nT, the correlation coefficient between observed and NARX network predicted SYM-H is 0.95 as a whole, even as high as 0.95 and 0.98 with average relative variance of 13.2% and 7.4%, respectively, for the two super-storms. The prediction for the 7 storms with WIND data is also satisfactory, showing averaged correlation coefficient about 0.91 and RMSE of 14.2 nT. The newly developed NARX model shows much better capability than Elman network for SYM-H prediction, which can partly be attributed to a key feedback to the input layer from the output neuron with a suitable length (about 120 min). This feedback means that nearly real information of the ring current status is effectively directed to take part in the prediction of SYM-H index by ANN. The proper history length of the output-feedback may mainly reflect on average the characteristic time of ring current decay which involves various decay mechanisms with ion lifetimes from tens of minutes to tens of hours. The Elman network makes feedback from hidden layer to input only one step, which is of 5 min for SYM-H index in this work and thus insufficient to catch the characteristic time length.
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Tso, MK, JM Findlay, SP Lownie, MC Wallace, BD Toyota, and IG Fleetwood. "Trends in entry to RCPSC neurosurgery residency training through the CaRMS match since loss of eligibility for ABNS certification." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 42, S1 (May 2015): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2015.189.
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Background: After July 16, 1997, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) trainees in neurosurgery were no longer eligible for American Board of Neurological Surgeons (ABNS) certification. It was anticipated that this would lead to an influx of neurosurgeons in Canada. Methods: We analyzed historical Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) data for 1997–2014 for trends in neurosurgery residency positions offered, vacancy rates, resident demographics and other pertinent data. Results: A mean of 0.94% of medical students applied to neurosurgery as their first choice (range: 0.54%-1.79%). Comparing 2 consecutive time periods (1997–2005 vs. 2006–2014), the mean number of neurosurgery entry positions per year increased from 14 to 19, while mean applicant numbers increased from 24 to 28, respectively. Ninety-five percent of those accepted into neurosurgery ranked it as their first choice discipline and few candidates who ranked neurosurgery highest were unmatched. Women applying to neurosurgery as their first choice discipline were equally likely to match as men (84% vs. 85%) and comprised 28% of neurosurgery residents selected since 2008 (vs. 14% in 1997–2007). Conclusions: The number of neurosurgery CaRMS positions and applicants have increased since 1997. This will have implications for neurosurgical workforce planning and physician employment in Canada.
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Jaswal, Jasbir K., Sujaatha Narayanan, Kevin W. Song, Dean R. Chittock, and Donald E. G. Griesdale. "Survival Outcome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center Report of 53 Patients." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4303.4303.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Intensive care unit (ICU) admission following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has traditionally been associated with a poor prognosis; particularly for those patients requiring mechanical ventilation. OBJECTIVE: To determine 28-day and 1-year survival of patients admitted to the ICU following autologous or allogeneic HSCT. Data was collected from a single transplant center. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study of all adult patients who received a HSCT at Vancouver General Hospital from April 1st, 2000 to July 31st, 2006. RESULTS: During the 6 year period of the study, a total of 862 hematopoietic stem cell transplants were performed (367 allogeneic, 486 autologous). Overall 28-day and 1-year survival for those receiving an allogeneic transplant was 97.6% and 68.4%. Patients receiving an autologous transplant had a 28-day and 1-year survival of 98.4% and 78.0% respectively. Fifty-three (6%) of our cohort were admitted to the ICU (34 allogeneic, 19 autologous), of which 43 (81%) required mechanical ventilation. The 28-day and 1-year survival of those patients admitted to the ICU was 42/53 (79.3%) and 18/53 (34.0%), respectively. Recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplants had a 28-day and 1-year survival of 26/34 (76.5%) and 9/34 (26.5%). This is in comparison to 28-day and 1-year survival of 16/19 (84.2%) and 9/19 (47.4%) for those receiving autologous stem cell transplants. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that the survival of HSCT patients who require ICU admission is better than what has been previously reported in the literature. Limitations of this study include potential selection bias in those patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Future research will be directed at finding prognostic factors for ICU admission. However, based on these results, patients who receive hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should be offered admission to the ICU.
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Kane, R. P. "Size of the coming solar cycle 24 based on Ohl's Precursor Method, final estimate." Annales Geophysicae 28, no. 7 (July 16, 2010): 1463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-28-1463-2010.
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Abstract. In Ohl's Precursor Method (Ohl, 1966, 1976), the geomagnetic activity during the declining phase of a sunspot cycle is shown to be well correlated with the size (maximum sunspot number Rz(max)) of the next cycle. For solar cycle 24, Kane (2007a) used aa(min)=15.5 (12-month running mean), which occurred during March–May of 2006 and made a preliminary estimate Rz(max)=124±26 (12-month running mean). However, in the next few months, the aa index first increased and then decreased to a new low value of 14.8 in July 2007. With this new low value, the prediction was Rz(max)=117±26 (12-month running mean). However, even this proved a false signal. Since then, the aa values have decreased considerably and the last 12-monthly value is 8.7, centered at May 2009. For solar cycle 24, using aa(min)=8.7, the latest prediction is, Rz(max)=58.0±25.0.
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SINGH, SANJAY, and A. K. SINGH. "Standardization of time of softwood grafting in mahua (Bassia latifolia) and khirni (Manilkara hexandra) under semi-arid environment of western India." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 2 (February 9, 2015): 166–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i2.46467.
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The experiment was conducted during consecutive years of 2005-06 and 2006-07 at Central Horticultural Experiment Station (Central Institute for Arid Horticulture-ICAR), Vejalpur (Godhra), Panchmahal, Gujarat to standardize time of softwood grafting in mahua (Bassia latifolia Roxb.) and khirni (Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dub.) under semi-arid environment of western India. Softwood grafting was carried out at monthly interval commencing from July to June during both the years. Sprouting was found to be the earliest in March (26 days in mahua and 27.4 days in khirni). Maximum time for bud sprouting was taken in the month of September (34.00 days) and November (33.50 days) in mahua and khirni respectively. The highest percentage of graft success was also noted in March, i.e. 70.00 % in mahua and 76.66 % in khirni, it was closely followed by July, August and June. Least percentage of success was noted in the month of September and November in mahua and khirni respectively. Length of sprout was also recorded highest in March after 180 days after grafting in both the crops (28 cm in mahua and 22 cm in khirni). Similar trend was recorded in respect of number and diameter of sprouts. Softwood grafted plants of mahua had higher number of leaves than khirni grafts, whereas it was found to be highest in the month of March in both the crops. Irrespective of scion and rootstock, the maximum accumulation of nitrogen and carbohydrate content was recorded in March, while it was found in lower concentration during December, January and February. Soft wood grafting in mahua may be followed during March, April and July, while March, July and August may be the appropriate time for grafting of khirni under semi-arid environment of western India.
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Khoo, Selina, and Rich Engelhorn. "Volunteer Motivations at a National Special Olympics Event." Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly 28, no. 1 (January 2011): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/apaq.28.1.27.
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Understanding the motivations for people to volunteer with the management and execution of major sporting events is important for the recruitment and retention of the volunteers. This research investigated volunteer motivations at the first National Special Olympics held in Ames, Iowa, USA in July 2006. A total of 289 participants completed the 28 item Special Event Volunteer Motivation Scale. The top motivations related to the purposive incentives of wanting to help make the event a success and to do something good for the community. Factor analysis revealed a five-factor model, with the altruistic factor (purposive) being the most important. A MANCOVA was also used to compare subjects using both gender and experience as independent variables. Small but significant differences in motivation were observed.
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Dorji, Phurb, and Thinley Dorji. "Stillbirths at the National Referral Hospital in Bhutan: a historical description of the rate and related factors, 2006-2008." Bhutan Health Journal 3, no. 1 (May 15, 2017): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47811/bhj.38.
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Introduction: A fetal death or stillbirth is a baby born weighing >500 grams and with no signs of life at or after 28 weeks of gestation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey to estimate the rate of stillbirths and a case series study to describe all stillbirths occurring at Bhutan’s national referral centre, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH), from June 2006 to July 2008. Ethical approval was granted by the Ministry of Health. All pregnant women who had stillbirths with fetuses weighing >500 grams were included. Antenatal and socio-demographic details and examination of the newborn were abstracted from records. Results: There were 96 stillbirths among 5,417 births at JDWNRH, for a rate of 17.72 per 1,000 births. The mean age of women with stillbirths was 26.5 years (range 15 to 44 years). The majority of stillbirths occurred in women aged between 20 to 34 years and in primipara. The majority (87.5%) of the women had at least one antenatal visit, 69.8% had at least two visits while 12.5% had zero antenatal visits. At birth, there were 39 fresh stillbirths and 57 macerated. Seventy-six stillborn babies (79.2%) had weight lesser than 2500 grams. The most common cause was congenital infections, severe pregnancy induced hypertension, prelabour premature rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, and prolonged rupture of membranes. Congenital anomalies causing death was relatively lower in rank. The proportion of unexplained stillbirths was 15.6%. Conclusions: The rate of stillbirth was substantially high in our population. Many of the causes of stillbirth were preventable and measures can be reinforced to improve birth outcomes.
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Demendecki, Tomasz. "Kilka uwag o zwolnieniu z opłaty od skargi na przewlekłość postępowania skarżącego w sprawach z zakresu prawa pracy i ubezpieczeń społecznych. Glosa do uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 6 września 2006 r. (III SPZP 2/06)." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 28, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2019.28.4.155-163.
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<p>The appropriate system of reimbursement of the costs of proceedings and the institution of exemption from such costs both guarantee the real implementation of the right to court. In connection with the lack of explicit regulation in the Act of 17 June 2004 on complaints about the breach of the right to a trial within a reasonable time in practice, it becomes very important to determine whether it is possible to exempt an authorised entity (the complainant) from a fixed fee of complaint about excessive length of proceedings in matters of labour and social security law. In a resolution of 6 September 2006 (III SPZP 2/06) the Supreme Court stated that a complaint about excessive length of proceedings filed by the insured regarding the appeal examined by the Labour and Social Security Court of fees (Article 96 (1) (4) of the Act of 28 July 2005 on court costs in civil matters). This resolution confirms that in the indicated category of cases there is no obligation to pay the fee, and if it has been paid it is refundable. The position held by the Supreme Court in the above-mentioned resolution shall be accepted. When it comes to conclusion regarding <em>de lege ferenda</em> proposals, there is a need to make appropriate normative changes and introduce to the Act of 17 June 2004 on complaints about the breach of the right to a trial within a reasonable time a suitable regulation that would reflect the right fee exemption, as mentioned above.</p>
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Jang, Moon Ju, So Young Chong, Myung Seo Kang, Sun Ju Lee, and Doyeun Oh. "Prognostic Value of Non-Overt DIC Criteria in Patients with Sepsis." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 4049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4049.4049.
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Abstract DIC is a frequent complication of sepsis resulted in high mortality. The early diagnosis of DIC in septic patients is necessary to reduce the mortality by the prevention of irreversible organ damage through earlier therapeutic intervention. We investigated the performance of the ISTH non-overt DIC criteria and its modification by adding antithrombin (AT), protein C and Organ Failure Scoring (OFS) system for mortality prediction were evaluated in 100 septic patients prospectively enrolled between July 2004 and March 2006. Platelet count, PT, aPTT, fibrinogen, D-dimer, AT, protein C on day 0,1,2,3,4, and 7 were measured in each patient. ISTH overt and non-overt DIC scoring with 28-day mortality, OFS was evaluated to assess the diagnostic value of each criterion in the prediction of clinical outcome. Twenty-five, 14 and 61 had overt DIC, non-overt DIC and non-DIC respectively. Platelet count, PT, AT, protein C levels were significantly different between DIC and non-DIC. D-dimer and protein C levels were significantly different between overt and non-overt DIC. The 28-day mortality rate of overt DIC, non-overt DIC and non-DIC was 44, 50 and 11.5% respectively. By adding AT and protein C on non-overt DIC criteria, the 28-day mortality rate of overt DIC, non-overt DIC and non-DIC became changed to 44, 31.4 and 7.5% respectively, but there was no difference between overt and non-overt DIC patients. Addition of AT, protein C or OFS to ISTH non-overt DIC criteria did not improve the diagnostic power significantly. In conclusion, ISTH non-overt DIC criteria is feasible to predict the poor outcome of septic patients.
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Hughes, Barry W. "Statement (28 July 2005)." Circa, no. 119 (2007): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25564540.
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Ernawati, Yunizar, Eko Prianto, and A. Ma'suf. "BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN JUARO (Pangasius polyuranodon) DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI MUSI, SUMATRA SELATAN." Berkala Penelitian Hayati 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2009): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.23869/bphjbr.15.1.20099.
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Study on biology reproduction was expected to give basic information for management, such as for aquaculture, capture fisheries and conservation of P. polyuranodon in Musi river. Sampling were conducted on June 2006, August 2006, January 2007, and July 2007 in Musi river by using gillnet. Data analysis included length-weight relationship, sex ratio, condition factor, gonad maturity stage, Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), fecundity, and spawning type. Total number of collected P. polyuranodon was 51, consisted of 23 male and 28 female. Total length of fish was ranged in 85–511 mm. Length-weight relationship of male and female was W = 0.00002L2.8062 and W = 0.0002L2.8215 respectively. The result from t-test analysis showed that both of sexes have allometric negative growth. Sex ratio thoroughly was balance (1:1). Mean of factor condition relatively increased by the increasing of gonad maturity stage. At that time P. polyuranodon was entering spawning time. June and August was predicted as the spawning time of this species. Gonadosomatic index of female was much higher than the male. Fecundity of female was ranged between 616 and 7,059. Based on distribution of egg diameter, this species was total spawner.
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Corbel, Michael J., Rose Gaines Das, Dianliang Lei, Dorothy K. L. Xing, Yoshinobu Horiuchi, and Roland Dobbelaer. "WHO Working Group on revision of the Manual of Laboratory Methods for Testing DTP Vaccines—Report of two meetings held on 20–21 July 2006 and 28–30 March 2007, Geneva, Switzerland." Vaccine 26, no. 16 (April 2008): 1913–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.02.013.
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Laakso, L., H. Laakso, P. P. Aalto, P. Keronen, T. Petäjä, T. Nieminen, T. Pohja, et al. "Basic characteristics of atmospheric particles, trace gases and meteorology in a relatively clean Southern African Savannah environment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 2 (March 27, 2008): 6313–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-6313-2008.
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Abstract. We have analyzed one year (July 2006–July 2007) of measurement data from a relatively clean background site located in dry savannah in South Africa. The annual-median trace gas concentrations were equal to 0.7 ppb for SO2, 1.4 ppb for NOx, 36 ppb for O3 and 105 ppb for CO. The corresponding PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were 9.0, 10.5 and 18.8 μg m−3, and the annual median total particle number concentration in the size range 10–840 nm was 2340 cm−3. Gases and particles had a clear seasonal and diurnal variation, which was associated with field fires and biological activity together with local meteorology. Atmospheric new-particle formation was observed to take place in more than 90% of the analyzed days. The days with no new particle formation were cloudy or rainy days. The formation rate of 10 nm particles varied in the range of 0.1–28 cm−3 s−1 (median 1.9 cm−3 s−1) and nucleation mode particle growth rates were in the range 3–21 nm h−1 (median 8.5 nm h−1). Due to high formation and growth rates, observed new particle formation gives a significant contribute to the number of cloud condensation nuclei budget, having a potential to affect the regional climate forcing patterns.
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Varghese, Molly, L. Ranjith, and K. K. Joshi. "Diversity of reef fishes in trap fishery at Keelakarai, Gulf of Mannar, south-east coast of India." Indian Journal of Fisheries 64, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2017.64.1.53263-04.
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The diversity of finfishes caught in traps at Keelakarai, Gulf of Mannar was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively for a period of six years from July 2006 to June 2012. Average landing during the period was 109 t per year with maximum of 137 t during 2008-09. Among the 98 species of reef fishes landed, Siganus canaliculatus dominated (28%), followed by Scarus ghobban (21%). During the first two years of the study, S. ghobban dominated over S. canaliculatus and later the trend reversed. Family-wise, maximum contribution was by Siganidae (36%) followed by Scaridae (21%). Seasonally, the major peak was recorded during post-monsoon of 2009. The Shannon index of diversity was maximum during 2007-08. Cluster analysis indicated the highest similarity in species composition between 2010-11 and 2011-12. SIMPER analysis identified 26 species as most significant in creating the observed pattern of similarity for 90% cut off contributions. Ellipse plot showed statistically significant deviation in fish diversity between years. Reef fish landings showed an increasing trend from 2006-07 to 2008-09, a decline afterwards and then almost steady condition prevailed during the last two years of the study which implies that there is no scope for further increase in landings by trap fishery at Keelakarai.
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Mundi, N., J. Theurer, A. Warner, J. Yoo, K. Fung, D. MacNeil, S. Dhaliwal, E. Winquist, D. A. Palma, and A. C. Nichols. "The impact of seasonal operating room closures on wait times for oral cancer surgery." Current Oncology 25, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/co.25.3726.
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Background Operating room slowdowns occur at specific intervals in the year as a cost-saving measure. We aim to investigate the impact of these slowdowns on the care of oral cavity cancer patients at a Canadian tertiary care centre.Methods A total of 585 oral cavity cancer patients seen between 1999 and 2015 at the London Health Science Centre (lhsc) Head and Neck Multidisciplinary Clinic were included in this study. Operating room hours and patient load from 2006 to 2014 were calculated. Our primary endpoint was the wait time from consultation to definitive surgery. Exposure variables were defined according to wait time intervals occurring during time periods with reduced operating room hours.Results Overall case volume rose significantly from 2006 to 2014 (p < 0.001), while operating room hours remained stable (p = 0.555). Patient wait times for surgery increased from 16.3 days prior to 2003 to 25.5 days in 2015 (p = 0.008). Significant variability in operating room hours was observed by month, with lowest reported for July and August (p = 0.002). The greater the exposure to these months, the more likely patients were to wait longer than 28 days for surgery (odds ratio per day [or]: 1.07, 95% confidence interval [ci]: 1.05 to 1.10, p < 0.001). Individuals seen in consultation preceding a month with below average operating room hours had a higher risk of disease recurrence and/or death (hazard ratio [hr]: 1.59, 95% ci: 1.10 to 2.30, p = 0.014).Conclusions Scheduled reductions in available operating room hours contribute to prolonged wait times and higher disease recurrence. Further work is needed to identify strategies maximizing efficient use of health care resources without negatively affecting patient outcomes.
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Kencana, G. A. Y., I. N. Suartha, I. A. P. Apsari, A. A. S. Kendran, and I. B. K. Suardana. "PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN PENYAKIT FLU BURUNG OLEH UNGGAS MELALUI PENYULUHAN DAN VAKSINASI AYAM BURAS NYAMBU." Buletin Udayana Mengabdi 20, no. 2 (August 9, 2021): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bum.2021.v20.i02.p01.
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The main host of Avian Influenza is poultry, including domestic chickens because domestic chickens are kept without cages (released). Extraordinary Avian Influenza has occurred in Indonesia, including in Tabanan Regency, Bali in 2003-2006. The case of human deaths due to Bird Flu had occurred in Banjar Batugaing Desa Beraban in Kediri District. Nyambu Village is located in Kediri Subdistrict, Tabanan Regency, many residents raise domestic poultry. The total population of free-range chickens in Kediri District is 30,171 in 2016. Considering the potential of Nyambu Village whose residents mostly raise free-range chicken by means of release, it is very vulnerable to the spread of Avian Influenza in the Village. The purpose of community service in Nyambu Village is to prevent the onset of Avian Influenza. The main target of community service in Nyambu Village is the villagers who maintain free-range chicken. Community service activities have been carried out on July 28, 2018 at the Nyambu Village Office followed by the Village apparatus and the local community. They were given counseling then continued with vaccination on their domesticated chickens from one house to another, it’s used AI inactive vaccine by intramuscullare injected. As many as 230 domestic chickens of various ages have been successfully vaccinated.
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Ha, Vu Viet. "BÀN VỀ ĐIỀU TRA NGHỀ CÁ THƯƠNG PHẨM Ở BIỂN VIỆT NAM." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Biển 18, no. 1 (June 21, 2018): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/18/1/8663.
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In fish stock assessment, two approaches have been used to collect data: Fisheries independent survey and fisheries survey. Fisheries independent survey provides scientific information on species composition, catch rate, density, distribution, standing stock biomass and biological information of certain species while fisheries survey supplies primary data for a wide variety of statistical analysis of fisheries performance. In Vietnam, fisheries survey was first developed by project “Assessment of the Living Marine Resources in Vietnam” with the support of DANIA since 1998 as the pilot study in 11 coastal provinces with the purpose of establishing the fisheries statistical system in Vietnam. After the pilot stage, it has been extended to all of 28 coastal provinces and worked effectively since 2000. In 2006, when the project ended, the fisheries statistical system collapsed due to no finance support to continue. Since July 2014, the fisheries data collection network has been recovered with the collaboration of Directorate of Fisheries, Research Institute for Marine Fisheries and Provincial Departments of Capture Fisheries and Marine Resources Protection. The survey design was the logbook base with applying the sampling in space and in time method. This is an overview of the capture fisheries survey in Vietnam with its limitations and challenges.