Journal articles on the topic '2006 d-959'

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial pathogen that can cause serious reproductive harm. We describe a class of stochastic branching processes and their application in modelling the growth of an infection by Chlamydia. Using simulations we show that the model can reproduce biological phenomena of interest, and we show the variability in outcomes of infections under the same parameter conditions. We further speculate how this model might be used to explain long-term adverse reproductive sequelae. References Y. M. AbdelRahman and R. J. Belland. The chlamydial developmental cycle. FEMS Microbio. Rev., 29(5):949–959, 2005. doi:10.1016/j.femsre.2005.03.002. T. E. Harris. Branching processes. Ann. Math. Stat., 19(4):474–494, 12 1948. doi:10.1214/aoms/1177730146. C. Jacob. Branching processes: Their role in epidemiology. Int. J. Env. Res. Public Health, 7(3):1186–1204, 2019. doi:10.3390/ijerph7031204. N. Low, M. Egger, J. A. C. Sterne, R. M. Harbord, F. Ibrahim, B. Lindblom, and B. Herrmann. Incidence of severe reproductive tract complications associated with diagnosed genital chlamydial infection: The Uppsala women's cohort study. Sexually Trans. Infect., 82(3):212–218, 2006. doi:10.1136/sti.2005.017186. D. Mallet, M. Bagher-Oskouei, A. Farr, D. Simpson, and K. Sutton. A mathematical model of chlamydial infection incorporating movement of chlamydial particles. Bull. Math. Bio., 75:2257–2270, 10 2013. doi:10.1007/s11538-013-9891-9. H. K. Maxion, W. Liu, M.-H. Chang, and K. A. Kelly. The infecting dose of chlamydia muridarum modulates the innate immune response and ascending infection. Infect. Immun., 72(11):6330–6340, 2004. doi:10.1128/IAI.72.11.6330-6340.2004. S. Menon, P. Timms, J. A. Allan, K. Alexander, L. Rombauts, P. Horner, M. Keltz, J. Hocking, and W. M. Huston. Human and pathogen factors associated with chlamydia trachomatis-related infertility in women. Clinic. Microbio. Rev., 28(4):969–985, 2015. doi:10.1128/CMR.00035-15. D. P. Wilson. Mathematical modelling of chlamydia. In J. Crawford and A. J. Roberts, editors, Proc. of 11th Computational Techniques and Applications Conference CTAC-2003, ANZIAM J., volume 45, pages C201–C214, 2004. doi:10.21914/anziamj.v45i0.883. D. P. Wilson and D. L. S. McElwain. A model of neutralization of chlamydia trachomatis based on antibody and host cell aggregation on the elementary body surface. J. Theor. Bio., 226(3):321–330, 2004. doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2003.09.010. D. P. Wilson, P. Timms, and D. L. S. McElwain. A mathematical model for the investigation of the Th1 immune response to chlamydia trachomatis. Math. Biosci., 182(1):27–44, 2003. doi:10.1016/S0025-5564(02)00180-3.

We present a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure based on Kretschmann configuration incorporating bimetallic layers of noble (Ag) and magnetic materials (Ni) over CaF2 prism. Extensive numerical analysis based on transfer matrix theory has been performed to characterize the sensor response considering sensitivity, full width at half maxima, and minimum reflection. Notably, the proposed structure, upon suitably optimizing the thickness of bimetallic layer provides consistent enhancement of sensitivity over other competitive SPR structures. Hence we believe that this proposed SPR sensor could find the new platform for the medical diagnosis, chemical examination and biological detection. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. Homola, S.S. Yee, G. Gauglitz, "Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on planar light pipe: theoretical optimization analysis", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 54, 3 (1999). CrossRef X.D. Hoa, A.G. Kirk, M. Tabrizian, "Towards integrated and sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensors: A review of recent progress", Bioelectron, 23, 151 (2007). CrossRef Z. Lin, L. Jiang, L. Wu, J. Guo, X. Dai, Y. Xiang, D. Fan, "Tuning and Sensitivity Enhancement of Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor With Graphene Covered Au-MoS 2-Au Films", IEEE Photonics J. 8(6), 4803308 (2016). CrossRef T. Srivastava, R. Jha, R. Das, "High-Performance Bimetallic SPR Sensor Based on Periodic-Multilayer-Waveguides", IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 23(20), 1448 (2011). CrossRef P.K. Maharana, R. Jha, "Chalcogenide prism and graphene multilayer based surface plasmon resonance affinity biosensor for high performance", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 169, 161 (2012). CrossRef R. Verma, B.D. Gupta, R. Jha, "Sensitivity enhancement of a surface plasmon resonance based biomolecules sensor using graphene and silicon layers", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 160, 623 (2011). CrossRef I. Pockrand, "Surface plasma oscillations at silver surfaces with thin transparent and absorbing coatings", Surf. Sci. 72, 577 (1978). CrossRef R. Jha, A. Sharma, "High-performance sensor based on surface plasmon resonance with chalcogenide prism and aluminum for detection in infrared", Opt. Lett. 34(6), 749 (2009). CrossRef E.V. Alieva, V.N. Konopsky, "Biosensor based on surface plasmon interferometry independent on variations of liquid’s refraction index", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 99, 90 (2004). CrossRef S.A. Zynio, A. Samoylov, E. Surovtseva, V. Mirsky, Y. Shirshov, "Bimetallic Layers Increase Sensitivity of Affinity Sensors Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance", Sensors 2, 62 (2002). CrossRef S.Y. Wu, H.P. Ho, "Sensitivity improvement of the surface plasmon resonance optical sensor by using a gold-silver transducing layer", Proceedings IEEE Hong Kong Electron Devices Meeting 63 (2002). CrossRef B.H. Ong, X. Yuan, S. Tjin, J. Zhang, H. Ng, "Optimised film thickness for maximum evanescent field enhancement of a bimetallic film surface plasmon resonance biosensor", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 114, 1028 (2006). CrossRef B.H. Ong, X. Yuan, Y. Tan, R. Irawan, X. Fang, L. Zhang, S. Tjin, "Two-layered metallic film-induced surface plasmon polariton for fluorescence emission enhancement in on-chip waveguide", Lab Chip 7, 506 (2007). CrossRef X. Yuan, B. Ong, Y. Tan, D. Zhang, R. Irawan, S. Tjin, "Sensitivity–stability-optimized surface plasmon resonance sensing with double metal layers", J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 959, (2006). CrossRef M. Ghorbanpour, "A novel method for the production of highly adherent Au layers on glass substrates used in surface plasmon resonance analysis: substitution of Cr or Ti intermediate layers with Ag layer followed by an optimal annealing treatment", J. Nanostruct, 3, 309, (2013). CrossRef Y. Chen, R.S. Zheng, D.G. Zhang, Y.H. Lu, P. Wang, H. Ming, Z.F. Luo, Q. Kan, "Bimetallic chips for a surface plasmon resonance instrument", Appl. Opt. 50, 387 (2011). CrossRef N.H.T. Tran, B.T. Phan, W.J. Yoon, S. Khym, H. Ju, "Dielectric Metal-Based Multilayers for Surface Plasmon Resonance with Enhanced Quality Factor of the Plasmonic Waves", J. Electron. Mater. 46, 3654 (2017). CrossRef D. Nesterenko Z. Sekkat, "Resolution Estimation of the Au, Ag, Cu, and Al Single- and Double-Layer Surface Plasmon Sensors in the Ultraviolet, Visible, and Infrared Regions", Plasmonics 8, 1585 (2013). CrossRef M.A. Ordal, R.J. Bell, R.W. Alexander, L.L. Long, M.R. Querry, "Optical properties of fourteen metals in the infrared and far infrared: Al, Co, Cu, Au, Fe, Pb, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, Ag, Ti, V, and W.", Appl. Opt. 24, 4493 (1985). CrossRef H. Ehrenreich, H.R. Philipp, D.J. Olechna, "Optical Properties and Fermi Surface of Nickel", Phys. Rev. 31, 2469 (1963). CrossRef S. Shukla, N.K. Sharma, V. Sajal, "Theoretical Study of Surface Plasmon Resonance-based Fiber Optic Sensor Utilizing Cobalt and Nickel Films", Braz. J. Phys. 46, 288 (2016). CrossRef K. Shah, N.K. Sharma, AIP Conf. Proc. 2009, 020040 (2018). [23] G. AlaguVibisha, Jeeban Kumar Nayak, P. Maheswari, N. Priyadharsini, A. Nisha, Z. Jaroszewicz, K.B. Rajesh, "Sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensor using hybrid configuration of 2D materials over bimetallic layer of Cu–Ni", Opt. Commun. 463, 125337 (2020). CrossRef A. Nisha, P. Maheswari, P.M. Anbarasan, K.B. Rajesh, Z. Jaroszewicz, "Sensitivity enhancement of surface plasmon resonance sensor with 2D material covered noble and magnetic material (Ni)", Opt. Quantum Electron. 51, 19 (2019). CrossRef M.H.H. Hasib, J.N. Nur, C. Rizal, K.N. Shushama, "Improved Transition Metal Dichalcogenides-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors", Condens.Matter 4, 49, (2019). CrossRef S. Herminjard, L. Sirigu, H. P. Herzig, E. Studemann, A. Crottini, J.P. Pellaux, T. Gresch, M. Fischer, J. Faist, "Surface Plasmon Resonance sensor showing enhanced sensitivity for CO2 detection in the mid-infrared range", Opt. Express 17, 293 (2009). CrossRef M. Wang, Y. Huo, S. Jiang, C. Zhang, C. Yang,T. Ning, X. Liu, C Li, W. Zhanga, B. Mana, "Theoretical design of a surface plasmon resonance sensor with high sensitivity and high resolution based on graphene–WS2 hybrid nanostructures and Au–Ag bimetallic film", RSC Adv. 7, 47177 (2017). CrossRef P.K. Maharana, P. Padhy, R. Jha, "On the Field Enhancement and Performance of an Ultra-Stable SPR Biosensor Based on Graphene", IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25, 2156 (2013). CrossRef

The debate about diagnoses and treatment of attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) in children continue to range on between the developmental and biological perspectives. While there is increasing evidence that support the biological susceptibility of the disorder, a number of researches also emphasized the significant effect of environment on the syndrome. This study used developmental perspectives to evaluate and bring together various bio-psychosocial factors that impact on children diagnosed with ADHD. The study explored and integrated the existing and advancing study on ADHD to a more refined pattern that embraced developmental perspectives. The study also discussed how the linkage in childhood ADHD fits within the developmental psychopathology perspective. The study revealed that ADHD as a developmental disorder is influenced by prenatal, biological and psychosocial environmental risk factors, and suggested that better understanding of genomic susceptibilities, family environment and parental characteristics would transform the pathway for development of ADHD in children. References American Psychiatric Association.(2000). Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of MentalDisorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association.(2013). Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of MentalDisorders.5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. Arnsten, A.F, (2007). Catecholamine and second messenger influenceson prefrontalcortical networks of “representational knowledge”:a rational bridge between genetics andthe symptoms of mental illness. Cerebral Cortex, 17, i6–i15. Arnsten, A.F, & Pliszka, S.R. (2011). 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Работа направлена на установление закономерностей изменения сдвиговой упругости, возникающих при структурной релаксации металлических стекол на основе Pd и Zr. Измерения модуля сдвига выполнялись на частотах около 500 кГц. Несмотря на отличия в физических свойствах исследованных металлических стекол (химический состав, стеклообразующая способность, температуры стеклования и др.), наблюдаются определенные общие закономерности релаксации их сдвиговой упругости при термообработке. ИСТОЧНИК ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ Работа поддержана грантом Минобрнауки РФ № 3.1310.2017/4.6. БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ Автор выражает благодарность проф. В.А. Хонику за обсуждение статьи ЛИТЕРАТУРА Dyre С. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2006, vol. 78, pp. 953–972. https://doi.org/10.1103/revmodphys.78.953 Dyre J. C., Olsen N. B., Christensen T. Physical Review B, 1996, vol. 53, pp. 2171–2174. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.53.2171 Khonik V. A., Mitrofanov Yu. P., Lyakhov S. A., Vasiliev A. N., Khonik S. V., Khoviv D. A. Physical Review B, 2009, vol. 79, pp. 132204-1–132204-4. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.79.132204 Chen H. S. Reports on Progress in Physics, 1980, vol. 43, pp. 353–432. https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/43/4/001 Hirao M., Ogi H. EMATS for Science and Industry: Noncontacting Ultrasonic Measurements. New-York, Springer, 2003, p. 372. Vasil'ev A. N., Buchel'nikov V. D., Gurevich M. I., Kaganov M. I., Gajdukov Ju. P. Electromagnetic Excitation of Sound in Metals. Cheljabinsk, Izd-vo JuUrGU Publ., 2001, 339 p. Wang W. H. Progress in Materials Science, 2012, vol. 57, pp. 487–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2011.07.001 Watanabe L. Y., Roberts S. N., Baca N., Wiest A., Garrett S. J., Conner R. D. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2013, vol. 33, pp. 4021–4025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2013.05.044 Wang D. P., Zhao D. Q., Ding D. W., Bai H. Y., Wang W. H. Journal of Applied Physics, 2014, vol. 115, pp. 123507-1–123507-4. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4869548 Zhang Z., Keppens V., Liaw P. K., Yokoyama Y. Journal of Materials Research, 2006, vol. 22, pp. 364–367. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2007.0040 Khonik V. A. Izvestija Akademii Nauk. Serija fizicheskaja [Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics], 2001, vol. 65, no. 10, pp. 1465–1471. (in Russ.) Shtremel' M. A. The Strength of the Alloys. Part Defects of the Lattice. Moscow, MISIS Publ., 1999, 384 p. (in Russ.) Gordon C. A., Granato A. V. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2004, vol. 370, pp. 83–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2003.08.077 Shen T. D., Schwarz R. B. Applied Physics Letters, 2006, vol. 88, pp. 091903-1–091903-3. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2172160 Tsyplakov A. N., Mitrofanov Yu. P., Khonik V. A., Kobelev N. P., Kaloyan A. A. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2015, vol. 618, pp. 449–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.08.198 Mitrofanov Y. P., Wang D. P., Makarov A. S., Wang W. H., Khonik V. A. // Scientific Reports, 2016, vol. 6, p. 23026-1–23026-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23026 Afonin G. V., Mitrofanov Yu. P., Makarov A. S., Kobelev N. P., Khonik V. A. // Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2017, vol. 475, pp. 48–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.08.029

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This work is focused on developing all-fiber green laser in hybrid geometry, based on combination of Er:ZBLAN active fiber and silica fiber-based passive components of optical resonator and deploying Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) as highly selective mirrors for green spectral range. The scope of work covers fundamental spectroscopic characterization of Er:ZBLAN samples, determination of key spectroscopic parameters, modelling the lasing properties and lasing experiments in different pumping geometries. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW.P. Risk, T.R. Gosnell, A.V. Nurmikko, "Compact blue-green lasers", Cambridge University Press. (2003) CrossRef J.Y. Allain, M. Monerie, and H. Poignant, "Tunable green upconversion erbium fibre laser", Electronics Lett., 28 (1992) 111-113 CrossRef Z . Luo, Q. Ruan, M. Zhong, Y. Cheng, R. Yang, B. Xu, H. Xu, Z. Cai, "Compact self-Q-switched green upconversion Er:ZBLAN all-fiber laser operating at 543.4 nm", Optics Lett. 41 (2016) 2258-2261 CrossRef D. E. McCumber, "Einstein relations connecting broadband emission and absorption spectra", Physical Review 136 (1964) 954-957 CrossRef

77 Background: Docetaxel (DOC) was the first systemic therapy to improve OS (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.79) for patients (pts) with CRPC and a standard therapy since 2004. Because of the potential for severe toxicity with DOC, its use has been subject to pt selection. Even with this selective use, we sought to determine whether the introduction of docetaxel has improved OS at a population level. Methods: We performed aretrospective review of all CRPC pts treated with palliative radiotherapy (PRT) to bone metastases in the province of British Columbia, Canada. The pre-docetaxel cohort (pre-D) received PRT from 1998-2001. The docetaxel-era cohort (post-D)received PRT from 2006-2009. Time of first PRT to bone was used to select pts at a similar point in their disease state (i.e., onset of bone pain). Mortality and cause of death was attained from public registries. OS was calculated from time of first PRT using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. Results: Comparative baseline characteristics for the 1876 patients split into the pre-D (n=919) and post-D (n=957) eras were: metastatic at diagnosis 30% vs. 33% (p = 0.09), median age at PRT 75.5 vs. 76.7 years (p=0.04), time from diagnosis to PRT 3.9 vs. 3.1 years (p = 0.31), received DOC 7% vs. 37% (p < 0.0001). Median OS from time of first PRT was 7.5 months (m) vs. 10.3 m (HR: 0.79, 95% Confidence Interval 0.70 – 0.89, p < 0.0001) in the pre-D and post-D cohorts respectively. Within the post-D cohort, the median OS from time of RT was longer in pts receiving DOC at 13.9 m vs. 7.4 m for pts not receiving DOC (p=0.004). Conclusions: In this population based analysis, the introduction of DOC as a standard of care was associated with a significant improvement in OS even though DOC penetrance was <50%. This demonstrates for the first time the generalizability of the TAX-327 study results to the population at large. Even as the therapeutic landscape for CRPC evolves with the introduction of new agents that improve OS with favourable toxicity profiles, these data support the continued use of DOC in appropriately selected patients.

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AbstractAn epidemiological study of gastrointestinal helminths of dogs (Canis familiaris) in two veterinary clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria, was conducted between January 2001 and December 2002. Faecal samples collected from 959 dogs were processed by modified Kato–Katz technique and then examined for helminth eggs. The results of the study showed that 237 (24.7%) of the dogs examined were infected with different types of helminths. The prevalences for the various helminth eggs observed were: Toxocara canis 9.0%, Ancylostoma spp. 17.9%, Toxascaris leonina 0.6%, Trichuris vulpis 0.5%, Uncinaria stenocephala 0.4% and Dipylidium caninum 0.2%. The faecal egg intensities, determined as mean egg count/gram of faeces ( ± SEM), were: T. canis 462.0 ± 100.5, Ancylostoma spp. 54.1 ± 8.6, T. leonina 0.8 ± 0.4, T. vulpis 0.1 ± 0.0, U. stenocephala 1.0 ± 0.7 and D. caninum 0.2 ± 0.1. Host age was found to be a significant factor with respect to the prevalence and intensity of T. canis and Ancylostoma spp. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of intestinal helminth parasites between male (27.0%) and female (22.5%) dogs (P>0.05). The prevalence of helminth parasites was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the local breed (African shepherd) (41.2%) than in Alsatian dogs (16.2%) or in other exotic breeds (21.0%). Single parasite infections (85.7%) were more common than mixed infections (3.5%).

Introduction: The formation of a stereocomplex between PLLA and PDLA has been studied intensively because it increases the mechanical performance and thermal/hydrolytic resistance of polylactide-based materials; however, few studies have investigated the stereocomplex formation between PLLA and the (D-lactide)-containing PLLA copolymer. To investigate the effect of the D-lactide content of PLLA on the thermal behaviors and mechanical properties, (5D/95L) polylactide [(5D/95L)PLA], which contains a molar ratio of 5% of the D-form and 95% of the L-form of the monomer, and (15D/85L) polylactide [(15D/85L)PLA], which contains a molar ratio of 15% of the D-form and 85% of the L-form of the monomer, were used in a series of specimens. For the hydrolytic degradation test, the specimens were placed in 20-mL vials, which were filled with phosphate-buffered solution; the vials were allowed to stand at 57°C for 91 days in accordance with the ASTM F1635-95 (2000) standard test method for in vitro studies. The mechanical properties, thermal properties and crystallization behaviors were investigated using DSC and MTS, respectively. Results: The initial bending strength of the (5D/95L)PLA and (15D/85L)PLA were 35.4 and 31.1 N, respectively. After 1 week, the binding strength of the (5D/95L)PLA increased by 9.8%, and the binding strength of the (15D/85L)PLA decreased by 26%. In addition, the DSC curve of the (5D/95L)PLA demonstrated a higher melting temperature in the 1st week, and this Tc was observed in the DSC curve of the (5D/95L)PLA only during this time. The DSC curve of the (15D/85L)PLA was irregular. Discussion & Conclusions: In the (5D/95L)PLA, the recrystallization that occurred during the hydrolysis process was confirmed by the Tc and the increase in the bending strength. The stereocomplex crystallites may be formed in the (15D/85L)PLA during the degradation process. Because of the increase in the D-form monomer, the stereocomplexes were generated more easily and acted as nucleation sites. The PLLA crystal near the stereocomplex crystallites exhibited an incomplete structure, which led to a faster decrease in the bending strength. The low D-lactide content in the matrix of the PLLA did not form a stereocomplex crystallite because the surface area was not large enough to act as a nucleation site. However, the higher D-lactide-containing fraction formed a large stereocomplex crystallite. The (5D/95L)PLA demonstrated better thermal/hydrolytic resistance and mechanical stability than the (15D/85L)PLA.

A study on the adsorption characteristic of Iron onto Poly[eugenol-co-(divinyl benzene)] (EDVB) from aqueous solution has been conducted. EDVB was produced and characterized by using FTIR spectroscopy. The adsorption was studied by a batch method by considering the factors affecting the adsorption such as initial metal ion concentration, adsorption selectivity, and mechanism of adsorption using a sequential desorption method. The adsorption of Iron onto EDVB followed a pseudo-2 order kinetics model with the rate constant of 0,144 L2 mmol-1 min-1. The adsorption isotherm was studied with Tempkin, Langmuir and Freundlich models. The adsorption capacity (Qmax) obtained by Langmuir isotherms was 250mg.L-1 while the equilibrium value was 0.8 Lmg-1. A competitive adsorption study showed that EDVB is adsorbed selectively towards Iron rather than Chromium, Coppers and Cadmium ions. 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Single crystals of the lanthanide(III) thiophosphates(V) with the composition M[PS4] (M = La-Nd, Sm, Gd-Er) are formed within seven days at 950 °C by oxidation of the lanthanide metals and red phosphorus with sulfur (molar ratio: 1 : 1 : 4) in evacuated silica tubes without using any flux to avoid the entrapment of e. g. alkali metal cations. Their crystal structure (tetragonal, I41/acd, Z = 16; e. g. La[PS4]: a = 1098,97(5); c = 1953,26(9) pm and Er[PS4]: a = 1062,41(5); c = 1892,38(9) pm for the borderline representatives discussed here) is built up by a distorted cubic closest packing of discrete [PS4]3− tetrahedra (d(P5+-S2−) = 203 - 204 pm; ∢(S-P-S) = 107 - 116°) where the M3+ cations are situated in one half of the tetrahedral interstices, the same way as S2− in the Pt2+ arrangement of the cooperite-type PtS structure. Therefore an eightfold sulfur coordination for both crystallographically independent M3+ cations results in the shape of a trigonal dodecahedron. The 31P-MAS-NMR spectra of La[PS4], Nd[PS4], Gd[PS4], and Er[PS4] are reported and discussed

Abstract Phalaenopsis orchids are recognized as the most popular orchid genus in the world, especially in horticultural industry due to their large, colorful, and durable flowers as well as their wider adaptability to room conditions. The characteristics of seedling propagated by vegetative means are not uniform; therefore, propagation through tissue culture is desirable. Although the micro propagation of Phalaenopsis has shown very good development, but the wide spread of micro propagation still limited due some problems such as the exudation of phenolic compounds, the PGR concentration, the media used, somaclonal variation, the chosen explants, etc. This paper endeavor to include some important investigations based on the common explants used; leaf and flower stalk. Keywords: Micropropagation, Phalaenopsis, leaf explant, flower stalk ReferencesAnonymous. Orchid (Orchidaceae). Diakes tanggal 13 Januari 2013 dari http://www.rainforest-alliance.org/kids/species-profiles/orchid. Rainforest Alliance. 2002.Pillon, Y.; Chase, M. W.Taxonomic exaggeration and its effects on orchid conservation. Conservation Biology. 2007, 21, 263–265.Thengane, S. R.; Deodhar, S. R.; Bhosle, S. V.; Rawal, S. K. Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regenaration in Garciniaindica Chois’. Current Science. 2006, 91(8), 1074-1078.Yuswanti, H.; Dharma, I. P.; Utama. ; Wiraatmaja, I. W. Mikropropagasi anggrek Phalaenopsis dengan menggunakan eksplan tangkai bunga. AGROTROP. 2015, 5(2): 161-166.Raynalta, E.; Sukma, D. Pengaruh komposisi media dalam perbanyakan protocorm like bodies, pertumbuhan plantlet, dan aklimatisasi Phalaenopsis amabilis. J. Hort. Indonesia. 2013, 4(3): 131-139.Kosir, P.; Skof, S.; Luthar, Z. Direct Shoot Regeneration from Nodes of Phalaenopsis of Orchids. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 2004, 83, 233–242.Arditti, J. R. ; Ernst. Micropropagation of Orchids. Wiley-Interscience. New York, 1993.Park, Y. S.;Kakuta, S.; Kano, A.; Okabe, M.Efficient propagation of protocorm-like bodies of Phalaenopsis in liquid medium. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 1996, 45, 79–85.Park, S. Y. ; Yeung, E. C.; Chakrabarty, D. ; Paek, K. Y. An efficient direct induction of protocorm-like bodies from leaf subepidermal cells of Doritaenopsis hybrid using thin-section culture. Plant Cell Reports. 2002, 21, 46–51.Zahara, M.; Datta, A.; Boonkorkaew, P. Effects of sucrose, carrot juice and culture media on growth and net CO2 exchange rate in Phalaenopsis hybrid ‘Pink’. ScientiaHorticulturae. 2016,205, 17–24.Hee, K. H.; Loh, C. S.; Yeoh, H. H. In vitro flowering and rapid in vitro embryo production in Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile (Orchidaceae). Plant Cell Reports. 2007, 26, 2055–2062.Kannan, N. An in vitro study on micropropagation of Cymbidium orchids. Current Biotica. 2009, 3, 244–250.Steward, Jr. N. C. Plant Biotechnology and Genetics. Willey, A john Willey & Sons, INC., Publication. 2008.George, E. F.; Sherington, P. D.Biotechnology by tissue culture. Exegetics Ltd. 1994.Nursyamsi. Teknik kultur jaringan sebagai alternatif perbanyakan tanaman untuk mendukung rehabilitasi lahan. Makalah pada ekspose hasil-hasil penelitian balai penelitian kehutanan makasar. Makasar, 2010.Aditi, J. F. L. S.; Krikorian, A. D. Orchid mircropropagation: the path from laboratory to commercialization and an account of several unappreciated investigators. Botanical Journal of of the Linnean Society. 1996, 122: 183-241.Gunawan, L. W. Teknik Kultur Jaringan Tanaman. Pusat Antar Universitas (PAU) Bioteknologi IPB. 1998. Bogor.Chugh, S. Guha, S.; Rao, I. U. Micropropagation of orchids: A review on the potential of different explants. Scientia Horticulturae. 2009, 122, 507–520.Ramdan. Kultur daun dan pangkal batang in vitro anggrek bulan raksasa (Phalaenopsis gigantea J.J.Smith) pada beberapa media kultur jaringan. Departemen agronomi dan hortikultura, Fakultas pertanian IPB. 2011.Latip, M. A. R.; Murdad, Z. A.; Aziz, L. H.; Ting, L. M.; Govindasamy.; R. Pipin. Effects of N6-Benzyladenine and Thidiazuron on Poliferation of Phalaenopsis gigantea Protocorm. AsPac J. Mol. Biol. Biotechnol. 2010, 18(1): 217-220 p.Niknejad, A.; Kadir, M. A.; Kadzimin, B. S. In vitro plant regeneration from protocorms-like bodies (PLBs) and callus of Phalaenopsis gigantea (Epidendroidaceae: Orchidaceae). African Journal of Biotechnology.2010, 10, 11808–11816.Chen, J. T.; Chang, W. C. Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf explants of Phalaenopsis amabilis. Biologia Plantarum. 2006, 50, 169–173.Zahara, M. Disertasi doktor: The Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Natural Additives on Direct Shoot Regeneration and Plantlet Growth of Phalaenopsis hybrid ‘Pink’. Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani. Thailand. 2016.Xu, C. J.; Li, H.; Zhang, M. G. Preliminary studies on the elements of browning and the changes in cellular texture of leaf explant browning in Phalaenopsis. Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32, 1111–1113.Tokuhara, K; Mii, M. Induction of embryonic callus and cell suspension culture from shoot tips excised from flower stalk buds of Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae). In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology–Plant. 2001, 37, 457–461Balilashaki, K.; Naderi, R.; Kalantari, S.; Soorni, A. Mircropropagation of Phalaenopsis amabilis cv Cool ‘Breeze’ with using flower stakl nodes and leaves of sterile obtained from node cultures. IJFAS, 2014.Semiarti, E.; Indrianto, A.; Purwanto, A. Agrobacterium-Mediated transformation of Indonesian orchids for micropropagation, genetic transformation, Prof. MarÃa Alvarez (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-364-4, InTech, 2011. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/ genetic-transformation/agrobacterium-mediated-transformation-ofindonesian-orchids-for-micropropagation.

Abstract Phalaenopsis orchids are recognized as the most popular orchid genus in the world, especially in horticultural industry due to their large, colorful, and durable flowers as well as their wider adaptability to room conditions. The characteristics of seedling propagated by vegetative means are not uniform; therefore, propagation through tissue culture is desirable. Although the micro propagation of Phalaenopsis has shown very good development, but the wide spread of micro propagation still limited due some problems such as the exudation of phenolic compounds, the PGR concentration, the media used, somaclonal variation, the chosen explants, etc. This paper endeavor to include some important investigations based on the common explants used; leaf and flower stalk. Keywords: Micropropagation, Phalaenopsis, leaf explant, flower stalk ReferencesAnonymous. Orchid (Orchidaceae). Diakes tanggal 13 Januari 2013 dari http://www.rainforest-alliance.org/kids/species-profiles/orchid. Rainforest Alliance. 2002.Pillon, Y.; Chase, M. W.Taxonomic exaggeration and its effects on orchid conservation. Conservation Biology. 2007, 21, 263–265.Thengane, S. R.; Deodhar, S. R.; Bhosle, S. V.; Rawal, S. K. Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regenaration in Garciniaindica Chois’. Current Science. 2006, 91(8), 1074-1078.Yuswanti, H.; Dharma, I. P.; Utama. ; Wiraatmaja, I. W. Mikropropagasi anggrek Phalaenopsis dengan menggunakan eksplan tangkai bunga. AGROTROP. 2015, 5(2): 161-166.Raynalta, E.; Sukma, D. Pengaruh komposisi media dalam perbanyakan protocorm like bodies, pertumbuhan plantlet, dan aklimatisasi Phalaenopsis amabilis. J. Hort. Indonesia. 2013, 4(3): 131-139.Kosir, P.; Skof, S.; Luthar, Z. Direct Shoot Regeneration from Nodes of Phalaenopsis of Orchids. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica. 2004, 83, 233–242.Arditti, J. R. ; Ernst. Micropropagation of Orchids. Wiley-Interscience. New York, 1993.Park, Y. S.;Kakuta, S.; Kano, A.; Okabe, M.Efficient propagation of protocorm-like bodies of Phalaenopsis in liquid medium. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 1996, 45, 79–85.Park, S. Y. ; Yeung, E. C.; Chakrabarty, D. ; Paek, K. Y. An efficient direct induction of protocorm-like bodies from leaf subepidermal cells of Doritaenopsis hybrid using thin-section culture. Plant Cell Reports. 2002, 21, 46–51.Zahara, M.; Datta, A.; Boonkorkaew, P. Effects of sucrose, carrot juice and culture media on growth and net CO2 exchange rate in Phalaenopsis hybrid ‘Pink’. ScientiaHorticulturae. 2016,205, 17–24.Hee, K. H.; Loh, C. S.; Yeoh, H. H. In vitro flowering and rapid in vitro embryo production in Dendrobium Chao Praya Smile (Orchidaceae). Plant Cell Reports. 2007, 26, 2055–2062.Kannan, N. An in vitro study on micropropagation of Cymbidium orchids. Current Biotica. 2009, 3, 244–250.Steward, Jr. N. C. Plant Biotechnology and Genetics. Willey, A john Willey Sons, INC., Publication. 2008.George, E. F.; Sherington, P. D.Biotechnology by tissue culture. Exegetics Ltd. 1994.Nursyamsi. Teknik kultur jaringan sebagai alternatif perbanyakan tanaman untuk mendukung rehabilitasi lahan. Makalah pada ekspose hasil-hasil penelitian balai penelitian kehutanan makasar. Makasar, 2010.Aditi, J. F. L. S.; Krikorian, A. D. Orchid mircropropagation: the path from laboratory to commercialization and an account of several unappreciated investigators. Botanical Journal of of the Linnean Society. 1996, 122: 183-241.Gunawan, L. W. Teknik Kultur Jaringan Tanaman. Pusat Antar Universitas (PAU) Bioteknologi IPB. 1998. Bogor.Chugh, S. Guha, S.; Rao, I. U. Micropropagation of orchids: A review on the potential of different explants. Scientia Horticulturae. 2009, 122, 507–520.Ramdan. Kultur daun dan pangkal batang in vitro anggrek bulan raksasa (Phalaenopsis gigantea J.J.Smith) pada beberapa media kultur jaringan. Departemen agronomi dan hortikultura, Fakultas pertanian IPB. 2011.Latip, M. A. R.; Murdad, Z. A.; Aziz, L. H.; Ting, L. M.; Govindasamy.; R. Pipin. Effects of N6-Benzyladenine and Thidiazuron on Poliferation of Phalaenopsis gigantea Protocorm. AsPac J. Mol. Biol. Biotechnol. 2010, 18(1): 217-220 p.Niknejad, A.; Kadir, M. A.; Kadzimin, B. S. In vitro plant regeneration from protocorms-like bodies (PLBs) and callus of Phalaenopsis gigantea (Epidendroidaceae: Orchidaceae). African Journal of Biotechnology.2010, 10, 11808–11816.Chen, J. T.; Chang, W. C. Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf explants of Phalaenopsis amabilis. Biologia Plantarum. 2006, 50, 169–173.Zahara, M. Disertasi doktor: The Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Natural Additives on Direct Shoot Regeneration and Plantlet Growth of Phalaenopsis hybrid ‘Pink’. Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani. Thailand. 2016.Xu, C. J.; Li, H.; Zhang, M. G. Preliminary studies on the elements of browning and the changes in cellular texture of leaf explant browning in Phalaenopsis. Acta Horticulturae Sinica. 2005, 32, 1111–1113.Tokuhara, K; Mii, M. Induction of embryonic callus and cell suspension culture from shoot tips excised from flower stalk buds of Phalaenopsis (Orchidaceae). In Vitro Cellular Developmental Biology–Plant. 2001, 37, 457–461Balilashaki, K.; Naderi, R.; Kalantari, S.; Soorni, A. Mircropropagation of Phalaenopsis amabilis cv Cool ‘Breeze’ with using flower stakl nodes and leaves of sterile obtained from node cultures. IJFAS, 2014.Semiarti, E.; Indrianto, A.; Purwanto, A. Agrobacterium-Mediated transformation of Indonesian orchids for micropropagation, genetic transformation, Prof. MarÃa Alvarez (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-307-364-4, InTech, 2011. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/ genetic-transformation/agrobacterium-mediated-transformation-ofindonesian-orchids-for-micropropagation.

Even during fixation, our eyes are in constant motion. For example, microsaccades are small (typically <1°) eye movements that occur 1~3 times/second. Despite their tiny and transient nature, our percept of visual space is compressed before microsaccades (Hafed ZM, Lovejoy LP, Krauzlis RJ. Eur J Neurosci 37: 1169–1181, 2013). As visual space and time are interconnected at both the physical and physiological levels, we asked whether microsaccades also affect the temporal aspects of visual perception. Here we demonstrate that the perceived interval between transient visual stimuli was compressed if accompanied by microsaccades. This temporal compression extended approximately ±200 ms from microsaccade occurrence, and depending on their particular pattern, multiple microsaccades further enhanced or counteracted this temporal compression. The compression of time surrounding microsaccades resembles that associated with more voluntary macrosaccades (Morrone MC, Ross J, Burr D. Nat Neurosci 8: 950–954, 2005). Our results suggest common neural processes underlying both saccade and microsaccade misperceptions, mediated, likely, through extraretinal mechanisms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we show that humans perceive the duration of visual events as compressed if they are accompanied by microsaccades. Despite the tiny and transient nature of microsaccades, time compression extended more than ±200 ms from their occurrence. Moreover, the number, pattern, and temporal coincidence of microsaccades relative to visual events all contribute to this time misperception. Our results reveal a detailed picture of how our visual time percepts are altered by microsaccades.

Single crystals of α-HgCrO4, β -HgCrO4 and HgCrO4 ・ H2O were obtained by reacting yellow HgO in chromic acid of various concentrations under hydrothermal conditions at 200 °C (4 d). All crystal structures were solved and refined from single crystal diffractometer data sets [α-HgCrO4: P21/n, Z = 4, a = 5.5079(8), b = 8.5266(12), c = 7.3503(10) Å , β = 94.022(3)°, 955 structure factors, R[F2 > 2σ (F2)] = 0.0296; β -HgCrO4: Cmcm, Z = 4, a = 5.7187(9), b = 9.0169(14), c = 7.0114(11) Å, 361 structure factors, R[F2 > 2σ (F2)] = 0.0275; HgCrO4 ・ H2O: P1̅, Z = 2, a=5.6157(15), b =6.1115(16), c= 7.590(2) Å , α =108.850(5), β =91.666(5), γ =116.569(5)°, 1235 structure factors, R[F2 > 2σ (F2)] = 0.0316]. The previously reported structure of α-HgCrO4 has been re-determined. It contains distorted [HgO7] pentagonal bipyramids in which the short bonds are directed towards the apices. The new polymorph β -HgCrO4 adopts the CrVO4 (β -CrPO4) structure type and is composed of slightly distorted [HgO6] octahedra. The previously unknown monohydrate HgCrO4 ・ H2O crystallizes in an unique structure and is composed of one nearly regular [HgO4(H2O)2] octahedron and one considerably distorted [HgO6] octahedron. All three structures contain tetrahedral chromate anions CrO42− as the second building units with average Cr-O distances of ca. 1.65 Å

During September 2006, moderate vine decline symptoms including vine collapse and wilt and root rot were observed on numerous watermelon plants growing in a commercial field in Sullivan County, Indiana. No symptoms were observed on the fruit. Six plants displaying typical vine decline symptoms were collected and assayed for potyvirus infection and subsequently for Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV) and Papaya ringspot virus type W (PRSV-W). SqVYV is a whitefly-transmitted member of the Potyviridae, recently shown to cause watermelon vine decline in Florida (1,4). Plants infected with SqVYV in Florida are also frequently infected with PRSV-W, although SqVYV is sufficient for watermelon vine decline. The six field samples harbored one or more potyviruses as determined by ELISA (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). Mechanical inoculation of squash (Cucurbita pepo) and watermelon with sap from three of the field samples induced mosaic symptoms in both that are typical of potyviruses. Vein yellowing in squash and plant death in watermelon typical of SqVYV (1) later developed in plants inoculated with one field sample. A coat protein gene fragment was amplified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with SqVYV primers (1) from total RNA of five of the six field samples and also from the symptomatic, inoculated plants. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of a 957-bp region of the RT-PCR product (primer sequences deleted prior to analysis) were 100% identical to SqVYV (GenBank accession No. DQ812125). PRSV-W also was identified in two of the five SqVYV-infected field samples by ELISA (Agdia) and by sequence analysis of a 3′ genome fragment amplified by RT-PCR with previously described degenerate potyvirus primers (3). No evidence for infection by other potyviruses was obtained. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SqVYV in Indiana and the first report of the virus anywhere outside of Florida. The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci, B strain) vector of SqVYV is relatively uncommon in Indiana and the cold winter temperatures make it unlikely that any SqVYV-infected watermelon vines or whiteflies will overseason, necessitating reintroductions of virus and vector each season. We feel that the moderate and restricted occurrence of SqVYV in Indiana observed in September 2006 should pose little or no threat to commercial watermelon production in Indiana and should not cause growers to alter their growing practices. The occurrence of SqVYV in Indiana does not appear to explain the similar symptoms of mature watermelon vine decline (MWVD) that has been observed in Indiana since the 1980s. In contrast with the insect vectored SqVYV, MWVD seems to be caused by a soilborne biological agent (2). References: (1) S. Adkins et al. Phytopathology 97:145, 2007. (2) D. S. Egel et al. Online publication. doi:10.1094/PHP-2000-1227-01-HN. Plant Health Progress, 2000. (3) A. Gibbs and A. Mackenzie. J. Virol. Methods 63:9, 1997. (4) P. Roberts et al. Citrus Veg. Mag. December 12, 2004.

We present the temperature dependent elastic and ultrasonic properties of sodium borohydride. The second and third order elastic constants of NaBH4 have been computed in the temperature range 0-300K using Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential. The sodium borohydride crystallizes into NaCl-type structure. The computed values of second order elastic constants have been applied to evaluate the temperature dependent mechanical properties such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, tetragonal modulus, Poisson’s ratio and Zener anisotropy factor and ultrasonic velocity to predict futuristic information about sodium borohydride. The fracture to toughness ratio (bulk modulus/shear modulus) in sodium borohydride varied from 1.91 to 1.62, which shows its behavioral change from ductile to brittle on increasing the temperature. Then, ultrasonic Grüneisen parameters have been computed with the use of elastic constants in the temperature regime 100-300K. The obtained results have been discussed in correlation with available experimental and theoretical results. [1] A. Amudhavalli, M. Manikandan, A. Jemmy Cinthia, R. Rajeswarapalanichamy and K. Iyakutti, Z. Naturforsch. A 72 (2017) 321. [2] D.Singh, P.K.Yadawa and S.K.Sahu, Cryogenics 50 (2010) 476. [3] V. Bhalla, D.Singh and S.K.Jain, Int. J. Comput. Mat. Sc. Eng. 5 (2016) 1650012. [4] S. Kaushik, D. Singh and G. Mishra, Asian J. Chem. 24 (2012) 5655. [5] D. Chernyshov, A. Bosak, V. Dmitriev, Y. Filmchuk and H. Hagemann, Phys. Rev. B 78 (2008)172104. [6] H. Hagemann, S. Gomes, G. Renaudin and K. Yvon, J. Alloys Compd. 363 (2004) 126. [7] Y. Filinchuk, D. Chernyshov and V. Dmitriev, Z. Kristallogr. 223 (2008) 649. [8] Z.Xiao Dong, J.Z. Yi, Z. Bo, H. Z. Feng and H.Y. Qing, Chin. Phys. Lett. 28(2011)076201. [9] T. Ghellab, Z. Charifi, H. Baaziz, Ş. Uğur, G. Uğur and F. Soyalp, Phys. Scr. 91 (2016) 045804. [10] S. Bae, S. Gim, H. Kim and K. Hanna, Appl. Catal. B: Environm. 182 (2016) 541. [11] G. Renaudin, S. Gomes, H. Hagemann, L. Keller and K. Yvon, J Alloys Compd. 375 (2004) 98. [12] P. Vajeeston, P. Ravindran, A. Kjekshus and H. Fjellvåg, J Alloys Compd. 387 (2005) 97. [13] S. Orimo, Y. Nakamori, J.R. Eliseo, A. Zuttel and C. M. Jensen, Chem. Rev. 107 (2007) 4111. [14] A. Istek and E. Gonteki, J. Environ. Bio.7 (2009) 951. [15] R. S. Kumar and A.L. Cornelinus, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 (2005) 261916. [16] E. Kim, R. Kumar, P. F. Weck, A. L. Cornelius, M. Nicol, S. C. Vogel, J. Zhang, M. Hartl, A.C. Stowe, L. Daemen and Y. Zhao, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. B 111 (2007) 13873. [17] K. Brugger, Phys. Rev. 133 (1964) A1611. [18] P.B. Ghate, Phy. Rev. 139 (1965) A1666 [19] S. Mori, Y. Hiki, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 45 (1975) 1449. [20] V. Bhalla, R. Kumar, C. Tripathy and D. Singh, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 27 (2013) 1350116. [21] D. Singh, S. Kaushik, S. Tripathi, V. Bhalla and A. K. Gupta, Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39 (2014) 485. [22] K. Brugger, Phys. Rev.137 (1965) 1826. [23] W. P. Mason, Physical Acoustics, vol. IIIB, Academic Press, New York, 1965. [24] M.P. Tosi, Solid State Physics, vol. 12, Academic Press, New York, 1965. [25] Y. Nakamori and S. Orimo, J. Alloy Compd.370(2004)271. [26] D. Singh, D.K. Pandey and P.K. Yadawa, Cent. Eur. J. Phys. 7 (2009) 198. [27] V. Bhalla, D. Singh, G. Mishra and M. Wan, J. Pure Appl. Ultrason. 38 (2016)23. [28] D. Singh, S. Kaushik, S.K. Pandey, G. Mishra and V. Bhalla, VNU J. Sc.: Math. Phys. 32(2016)43. [29] J.P.Watt and L. Peselnick, J.Appl. Phys. 51 (1980) 1525. [30] S.F.Pugh, Philos.Mag. 45 (1954) 823. [31] V. Bhalla, D. Singh and S.K. Jain, Int. J. Thermophys. 37(2016)33. [32] V. Bhalla, D. Singh, S.K. Jain and R. Kumar, Pramana- J. Phys. 86 (2016)135.

Trace elements investigated by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) have been combined with oxygen isotopic composition of pink, red and other colored spinels (blue, purple, brown, orange, lavender) hosted by marbles and found in placers from Luc Yen and An Phu deposits, Yen Bai province, North Vietnam. The deposits are those from Nuoc Ngap, Cong Troi, Bai Son and different placers from the An Phu area. Trace elements such as Fe-Zn-Cr-V in red and pink gem spinels permit to separate those from Cong Troi and those from the others deposits of the An Phu area. Spinels from Cong Troi have low to extremely low Zn (< 500 ppm) and high Fe contents (3,000 to 16,000 ppm) while those from An Phu area are Zn-rich (up to 11,000 ppm). Iron is the dominant element for the other colored spinels whereas Zn, Cr and V contents are extremely variable. The Bai Son blue spinel is Fe-rich (5,000 to 7,200 ppm) with some V (950 to 1,830 ppm), Cr (270 to 480 ppm), Co (240 to 400 ppm) and Ni (550 to 950 ppm). The O-isotope composition of the whole spinels ranges between 12.1 and 24.2‰ (n = 25). Within each deposit, the range of δ18O values for red, pink and colored spinels is usually similar. However, the red and pink spinels from An Phu present two distinct sets of δ18O values, respectively between 13.2 to 17.0‰ (n = 7) and 22.5< δ18O < 24.2 (n = 5). Those from Cong Troi are from 14.8 to 17.7‰ (n = 3) and their range overlaps that of An Phu. The use of O-isotopes is not useful for distinguishing between the deposits, but the low to extremely low Zn content of the Cong Trois spinels is a discriminant. The variation of δ18O values (12.1 <δ18O < 24.2‰) of the whole spinels indicates that the oxygen isotopic compositions of the metamorphic fluids were probably buffered by the local δ18O values of the impure host marbles.ReferencesChauviré B., Rondeau B., Fritsch E., Ressigeac Ph., Devidal J.-L., 2015. Blue spinel from the Luc Yen district of Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, 51, 2-17.D'Ippolito V., Andreozzi G.B., Hålenius H., Skogby H., Hametner K., Günther D., 2015. Colour mechanisms in spinel: cobalt and iron interplay for the blue colour. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 42, 431-439.Garnier V., 2003. Les gisements de rubis associés aux marbres de l’Asie Centrale et du Sud-est: genèse et caractérisation isotopique. PhD thesis INPL, Nancy, France, 373p.Garnier, V., Ohnenstetter, D., Giuliani, G., Maluski, H., Deloule, E., Phan Trong Trinh, Pham Van Long, Hoang Quang Vinh, 2005. Age and significance of ruby-bearing marbles from the Red River shear zone, northern Vietnam. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43, 1315-1329.Garnier V., Giuliani G., Ohnenstetter D., Fallick A.E., Dubessy J., Banks D., Hoang Quang Vinh, Lhomme Th., Maluski H., Pêcher A., Bakhsh K.A., Pham Van Long, Phan Trong Trinh, Schwarz D., 2008. Marble-hosted ruby deposits from central and Southeast Asia: towards a new genetic model. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 169-191.Giuliani G., Fallick A.E., Garnier V., France-Lanord Ch., Ohnenstetter D., Schwarz D., 2005. Oxygen isotope composition as a tracer for the origins of rubies and sapphires. Geology, 33(4), 249-252.Giuliani G., Fallick A.E., Boyce A.J., Pardieu V., Pham Van Long, 2017. Pink and red spinels in marble: trace elements, oxygen isotopes, and sources. The Canadian Mineralogist, 55, 743-761.Hauzenberger C.A., Häeger T., Baumgartner L.P., Hofmeister W., 2001. High-grade metamorphism and stable isotope geochemistry of N-Vietnamese gem-bearing rocks. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on gems and minerals of Vietnam, Hanoi, 124-138.Hauzenberger C.A., Bagola C., Häeger T., Muellen C., Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Le Thi Thu Huong, 2014. Mineralogy and petrology of the An Phu marble hosted spinel and corundum deposit, Luc Yen, N-Vietnam. In Proceedings of the 4th International Gem and Jewelry Conference, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 76-78.Kleišmantas A., Daukšyte A., 2016. The influence of Vietnam and Sri Lanka spinel mineral chemical elements on colour. Chemija, 27, 45-51.Kretz R., 1983. Symbols for rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277-279.Le Thi Thu Huong, Häeger T., Hofmeister W., Hauzenberger C., Schwarz D., Pham Van Long, Wehmeister U., Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Nguy Tuyet Nhung, 2012. Gemstones from Vietnam: An update. Gems & Gemology, 48, 158-176.Malsy A., Klemm L., 2010. Distinction of gem spinels from the Himalayan mountain belt. Chimia, 64(10), 741-746.Malsy A., Karampelas S., Schwarz D., Klemm L., Armbruster T., Tuan Do Anh, 2012. Orangey-red to orangey-pink gem spinels from a new deposit at Lang Chap (Tan Huong - Truc Lau), Vietnam. The Journal of Gemmology, 33, 19-27.Pham Van Long, Hoang Quang Vinh, Garnier V., Giuliani G., Ohnenstetter D., Lhomme,T., Schwarz D., Fallick A.E., Dubessy J., Phan Trong Trinh, 2004. Gem corundum deposits in Vietnam. Journal of Gemmology, 29, 129-147.Pham Van Long, Pardieu V., Giuliani G., Nguy Tuyet Nhung, Pham Thi Thanh Hien, Pham Duc Anh, Nguyen Ngoc Khoi, Hoang Quang Vinh, 2014. Gemmological characteristics of spinel from Luc Yen, Yen Bai. Journal of Geology, 340, 29-36.Pham Van Long, Pardieu V., Giuliani G., 2014. Update on gemstone mining in Luc Yen, Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, 49, 233-245.Pouchou J.L., Pichoir F., 1991. Quantitative analysis of homogeneous or stratified microvolumes applying "PAP" In Electron Probe Quantification (K.F.J. Heinrich & D.E. Newbury eds.). Plenum Press, New York, USA, 31-75.Valley J.W., 1986. Stable isotope geochemistry of metamorphic rocks. Reviews in Mineralogy, 16, 445-481.Yui T.F., Khin Zaw, Wu C.-M., 2008. A preliminary stable isotope study on Mogok ruby, Myanmar. Ore Geology Reviews, 34, 182-199.

The birch krummholz with Betula tortuosa Ledeb dominance occur in the most humid regions of Kuznetsky Alatau, Altai and Eastern Sayan within the Altai-Sayan mountain system (Zolotovskiy, 1938; Kuminova, 1960; Malyshev, 1965; Maskaev, 1976; Sedelnikov, 1979, 1988; Zibzeev, 2006). Mean annual precipitation in the Kuznetsky Alatau is 2000 mm (up to 3000 mm in some years). In the Tigirekskiy ridge study area the precipitation is 1500 mm. The deep snow (up to 1.5 m) protects grounds fr om freezing. The birch krummholz occupy the large areas on the variously exposed slopes at 950–1200 m in the Kuznetsky Alatau and at 1250–1350 m in Altai. These communities, known only in three places of the Altai-Sayan mountain system and listed in the ”Green Book of Siberia“ (1996), occur in the lower and middle parts of the subalpine belt on permanently moist slopes. According to the Braun-Blanquet approach the birch krummholz of the studied area are represented by three associations, two subassociations and one variant (ass. Cirsio heterophylli–Stemmacanthetum carthamoidis Zitluchina ex Ermakov et al. 2000, subass. C. h.–S. c. betuletosum tortuosae nov. hoc loco, ass. Doronico altaicae–Betuletum tortuosae nov. hoc loco, ass. Abieteto sibiricae–Athyrietum distentifoliae Ermakov et al. 2000, subass. A. s.–A. d. sorbetosum sibiricae Ermakov et al. 2000, var. Betula tortuosa). The birch krummholz of the Tigirekskiy ridge are referred to ass. Violo disjunctae–Betuletum tortuosae nov. hoc loco, and three subassociations (V. d.–b. t. typicum nov. hoc loco, V. d.–b. t. saussureetosum frolowii nov. hoc loco, V. d.–b. t. dracocephaletosum grandiflori nov. hoc loco.). All syntaxa are included into Mulgedio-Aconitetea Hadac et Klika in Klika et Hadac 1944 class, Trollio–Crepidetalia sibiricae Guinochet ex Chytry et al. 1993 order, Aconito pascoi–Geranion albiflori Zhitlukhina et Onishchenko ex Ermakov et al. 2000 alliance. The geographical isolation of birch krummholz affects their species composition and coenoflora structure. There are 99 species in the coenoflora of the Kuznetsky Alatau birch krummholz and 108 species in the Tigirekskiy ridge. The latter coenoflora contains specific species that can be divided into two groups. The first group includes the endemics of the Altai as well as Altai-Sayan mountain system as a whole(Hedysarum theinum, Hieracium korshinskyi, Ptarmica ledebourii, Sanguisorba alpina, Viola disjuncta, ­Phleum alpinum, Phlomoides alpina, Dracocephalum grandiflorum). The second group is represented by forest and forest-meadow species absent in the birch krummholz of the Kuznetsky Alatau (Carex pediformis, Cruciata krylovii, Galium boreale, Geum rivale, Iris ruthenica, Melica nutans, Pyrola minor). The studied communities have exact ecological and topological localizations. In the Kuznetsky Alatau the tall-forb birch krummholz of C. h.–S. c. betuletosum tortuosae are mostly common at high leveled parts of the slopes (3–5°) wh ere they alternate with subalpine meadows. The birch krummholz of ass. Doronico altaicae–Betuletum tortuosae occupy moist, usually cold, habitats. In these communities with the remarkably reduced coenotic role of tall-forbs the herb layer is mainly formed by subalpine and alpine meadow species. The communities of ass. Violo disjunctae–Betuletum tortuosae with three subassociations occur in wet conditions on leveled terraces, as well as on relatively flat slopes (0–2°) close to the tree line. A specific feature of the Tigirekskiy ridge birch krummholz coenoflora is a large number of forest species.

Zusammenfassung. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit der Übersetzung und Validierung des englischsprachigen Sport Emotion Questionnaire (SEQ; Jones et al., 2005 ), der vorwettbewerblichen Emotionen von Sporttreibenden misst. In einer ersten Teilstudie wurde mittels einer Hin-Rück-Übersetzung und des Bilingual-Retest-Verfahrens ( n = 32) eine deutsche Version des SEQ (SEQ-d) erzeugt. In Studie 2 (Tennisspieler/innen, n = 116) zeigte sich jedoch eine vom Original abweichende Faktorstruktur, woraufhin der SEQ-d als dreidimensionale Kurzskala entwickelt wurde. Diese wurde in Studie 3 (Läufern/innen, n = 271) validiert. Die Kurzskala besitzt einen akzeptablen Fit (CFI = .950, RMSEA = .069, SRMR = .063) und eine interne Konsistenz von α = .84 (negative Emotionen), α = .86 (positive Emotionen), α = .87 (Anspannung). Durch Korrelationen mit anderen Emotionsmerkmalen konnte die konvergente Validität bestätigt werden. Die Kriteriumsvalidität wurde anhand wettkampf- und personenbezogener Zusatzparameter untersucht (bspw. Alter, Wettkampferfahrung…). Mit der deutschsprachigen Version des SEQ liegt ein ökonomisches und validiertes Messinstrument zur Erfassung vorwettbewerblicher Emotionen vor.

<p>(Saccharum officinarum L.) through In Vitro Culture.<br />Deden Sukmadjaja and Ade Mulyana. The research was<br />conducted at the Laboratory of Tissue Culture The Biology of<br />Cell and Tissue Researcher Group ICABIOGRAD, Bogor from<br />June to November 2009 to studied growth and regenerations<br />response some varieties of sugarcane through in vitro<br />culture. The research activities have been carried out in<br />three steps, i.e., callus formation, regeneration of shoots and<br />roots regeneration. The type of explants used in the study<br />was in vitro planlet explants of both sugarcane varieties.<br />Seven media formulations were used for the callus induction<br />and regeneration of shoots, while five media formulations<br />were used for the roots regeneration. The results<br />showed that the highest respond for calluses induction was<br />Bulu Lawang varieties at media formulation MS + 2.4-D 2<br />mg.l-1 + BAP 0.4 mg.l-1 + CH 2000 mg.l-1 and PS 951 varieties<br />at media formulation MS + 2.4-D 1 mg.l-1 + BAP 0.4 mg.l-1.<br />While the highest respond for regeneration of shoots was<br />Bulu Lawang varieties at media formulation MS0 (control<br />MS) dan PS 951 varieties at media formulation MS + BAP 1<br />mg.l-1 + kinetin 1 mg.l-1 + NAA 0.5 mg.l-1 + GA3 0.5 mg.l-1.<br />The highest respond of roots regeneration was Bulu Lawang<br />and PS 951 varieties at media formulation MS + IBA 1 mg.l-1.<br />Acclimatization of plantlets produced were grew successfully<br />about 90-100% in greenhouse.</p>

Abstract Voss, R., Schmidt, J. O., and Schnack, D. 2007. Vertical distribution of Baltic sprat larvae: changes in patterns of diel migration? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 956–962. Ontogenetic and diurnal vertical migration patterns of Baltic sprat larvae were investigated for the periods 1989–1990 and 1998–2002. Comparison of the results led to the hypothesis that the diel vertical migration behaviour of sprat larvae >10 mm has changed. In 1989 and 1990, sprat larvae migrated to the surface at night, whereas they stayed 30–50 m deep by day. From 1998 to 2002, sprat larvae showed no signs of diel vertical migration, remaining in warmer, near-surface water by day and night. This behavioural change coincided with a more general change in the Baltic ecosystem, i.e. an increase in near-surface temperature and a general increase in abundance of the major prey organism (Acartia spp.) of Baltic sprat larvae, with more pronounced aggregation in surface waters.

The article examines the specifics of the performance chronotope (time-space) of two masterpieces written by outstanding composers-contemporaries, whose lifetime is characterized by a gradual transition from the classical to the romantic style. Its essential characteristics and the significance of their awareness by the pianist-performer in the practice of working at a musical piece are highlighted. The “performance chronotope” is one of the parameters involved in the field of contemporary music-performance interpretation (Nikolaievska, 2020: 144). This publication is related to our previous work, where space-time characteristics of clavier sonatas by D. Scarlatti, С. Ph. E. Bach, J. Haydn, W. A. Mozart, and M. Clementi were revealed from the viewpoint of a piano performer (Tarabanov, 2021). Some parameters of the performance chronotope that have been outlined before – interaction and mutual balance of statics and dynamics, organizing function of performance time in sound musical form, metrorhythmic performance inertia, continuity of space-time and performance prediction (anticipation) – are supplemented by others, such as performance understanding of the form through working at details, and psychological space-time of the performer (as one of the components of the performance chronotope of the work). This is attributable to new interpretative tasks of the pianist in Beethoven’s and Schubert’s Sonatas under consideration. These works have not yet been the subject of analysis from the standpoint of performance chronotope characteristics, which, along with the use of an experimental research method (with the involvement of the author’s experience in concert performance of the considered works10), determined the scientific novelty of the presented study. The results of the study are supposed to be helpful for piano performers in their learning of these works and similar ones. It is especially relevant, because the greatest composer of piano sonatas, Ludwig van Beethoven, is in the spotlight all the time. His so-named “Moonlight” Sonata (op. 27 No. 2) continues to attract new generations of listeners, performers, and researchers (Rosen, 2002; Waltz, 2007; Gordon, 2017, and others). Beethoven’s direct successor, Franz P. Schubert created no less fascinating works in the genre of piano sonata. Among them is the Sonata D. 958 in C minor, where Beethoven’s influence is observed to a great extent. As in the case with concrete musical examples analyzed in the article, the piano performer can realize on practice their own interpretative searches connected with the use of timespace characteristics. In particular, a method of “expanding the performance chronotope” is recommended, which should significantly facilitate the mastering of complicated technical episodes.

Abstract Lenalidomide was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in December of 2005 for the treatment (tx) of transfusion-dependent anemia (TDA) in patients (pts) with MDS and chromosome 5q deletions (del5q). In the trial that secured the approval, 67% of 148 pts achieved red blood cell (RBC) transfusion independence (TI) with a median time to TI of 44 weeks. 90% of pts who achieved TI did so by completion of 3 months of therapy. In a companion study (MDS-002) pts lacking del5q the frequency of TI was only 26%. We report three cases of IPSS Low risk myelodysplasia MDS with a delayed response to lenalidomide. The patient characteristics are outlined in Table 1. Following a 6 to 11 month trial of lenalidomide for TDA in IPSS Low risk MDS delayed TI can occur 1 to 4 months after discontinuation of lenalidomide. Delayed TI was not associated with a cytogenetic response. The duration of response can last from 11 months to 16 months. Lenalidomide, a thalidomide analogue, is an immunomodulatory agent with anti-angiogenic and anti-neoplastic properties. Effects of lenalidomide such as increased production of interleukin-2 and interferon-γ have been linked to the appearance of lymphoid aggregates of a mixture of B and T cells in the BM specimens of responders. TI has previously been correlated with suppression of the del5q clone. In our patients, TI was achieved after discontinuation of lenalidomide following a reasonable ineffective trial and no apparent suppression of the del5 clone. A similar phenomenon was described by Raza, et al. in a single MDS patient treated with thalidomide. Interestingly, one patient had lymphoid aggregates of B and T cells throughout treatment, raising the possibility that the immune stimulatory effects of lenalidomide may be a variable against the del5q clone. The transient response may be due to immunomodulatory effects but persistence of the del5q clone in two of our patients and and dysplasia in the other, is responsible for the relapse after the immune response has waned. Re-treatment with lenalidomide in our patient did not prolong or re-induce another response. References Giagounidis AAN, Germing U, Aul C: Biologic and prognostic significance of chromosome 5q deletions in myeloid malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2006, 12:5–10. List A, Kurtin S, Roe DJ, et al.: Efficacy of lenalidomide in myelodysplastic syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2005, 352:549–557. List A: Recent advances in the treatment of MDS. Clin Advances in Hematology. Oncology. 2007, Supp 10, Vol 5, Issue 7: 4–5 Raza A, Meyer P, Dutt D, et al. Thalidomide produces transfusion independence in long-standing refractory anemias of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2001 Aug 15, 98(4):958–65.

The discovery of mutated palynomorphs in end-Permian rocks led to the hypothesis that the eruption of the Siberian Traps through older organic-rich sediments synthesized and released massive quantities of organohalogens, which caused widespread O 3 depletion and allowed increased terrestrial incidence of harmful ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280–315 nm; Visscher et al . 2004 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101 , 12 952–12 956). Here, we use an extended version of the Cambridge two-dimensional chemistry–transport model to evaluate quantitatively this possibility along with two other potential causes of O 3 loss at this time: (i) direct effects of HCl release by the Siberian Traps and (ii) the indirect release of organohalogens from dispersed organic matter. According to our simulations, CH 3 Cl released from the heating of coals alone caused comparatively minor O 3 depletion (5–20% maximum) because this mechanism fails to deliver sufficiently large amounts of Cl into the stratosphere. The unusual explosive nature of the Siberian Traps, combined with the direct release of large quantities of HCl, depleted the model O 3 layer in the high northern latitudes by 33–55%, given a main eruptive phase of less than or equal to 200 kyr. Nevertheless, O 3 depletion was most extensive when HCl release from the Siberian Traps was combined with massive CH 3 Cl release synthesized from a large reservoir of dispersed organic matter in Siberian rocks. This suite of model experiments produced column O 3 depletion of 70–85% and 55–80% in the high northern and southern latitudes, respectively, given eruption durations of 100–200 kyr. On longer eruption time scales of 400–600 kyr, corresponding O 3 depletion was 30–40% and 20–30%, respectively. Calculated year-round increases in total near-surface biologically effective (BE) UV-B radiation following these reductions in O 3 layer range from 30–60 (kJ m −2 d −1 ) BE up to 50–100 (kJ m −2 d −1 ) BE . These ranges of daily UV-B doses appear sufficient to exert mutagenic effects on plants, especially if sustained over tens of thousands of years, unlike either rising temperatures or SO 2 concentrations.

Purpose: This study aims to assess the relationships between pupil size and refractive errors in both metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome populations residing in rural areas of Malang. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out in 2019 across three villages in Malang districts. All attending participants underwent a comprehensive ocular examination, including pupil size assessment. Pupil abnormalities were defined as deviations from the normal diameter of 2-4 mm in bright light. Clinically relevant refractive errors included hyperopia (SphEq value ? 0.25 D), myopia (SphEq value ? -0.25 D), and astigmatism (cylinder ? 0.25 D). Blood samples gauged serum fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Waist circumference, systolic, and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis followed the 2006 International Diabetes Foundation criteria. Participants were categorized into metabolic syndrome and non-metabolic syndrome groups. Results: The examination involved 953 participants, encompassing 944 right eyes and 942 left eyes. For the right eye, 434 eyes showed emmetropia, 252 exhibited myopia, 141 had hyperopia, and 117 presented astigmatism. Pupillary abnormalities were linked to astigmatism, but lacked significance (p = 0.893). The left eye results indicated 444 eyes with emmetropia, 244 with myopia, 138 with hyperopia, and 116 with astigmatism. Correlation with pupillary abnormalities yielded a non-significant p-value of 0.864. Pupil size outcomes in metabolic syndrome (499 eyes) and non-metabolic syndrome (454 eyes) were not significant (p = 0.649). Conclusion: Refractive error does not correlate with pupil size in metabolic syndrome and nonmetabolic syndrome.

BACKGROUND Decreased circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH-vitamin D) concentrations have been associated with mortality rates, but it is unclear whether this association is causal. We performed a Mendelian randomization study and analyzed whether 3 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with 25-OH-vitamin D concentrations are causal for mortality rates. METHODS Genotypes of SNPs in the group-specific component gene (GC, rs2282679), 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase gene (DHCR7, rs12785878), and cytochrome P450 IIR-1 gene (CYP2R1, rs10741657) were determined in a prospective cohort study of 3316 male and female participants [mean age 62.6 (10.6) years] scheduled for coronary angiography between 1997 and 2000. 25-OH-vitamin D concentrations were determined by RIA. The main outcome measures were all-cause deaths, cardiovascular deaths, and noncardiovascular deaths. RESULTS In a linear regression model adjusting for month of blood sampling, age, and sex, vitamin D concentrations were predicted by GC genotype (P &lt; 0.001), CYP2R1 genotype (P = 0.068), and DHCR7 genotype (P &lt; 0.001), with a coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.175. During a median follow-up time of 9.9 years, 955 persons (30.0%) died, including 619 deaths from cardiovascular causes. In a multivariate Cox regression adjusted for classical risk factors, GC, CYP2R1, and DHCR7 genotypes were not associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, or noncardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS Genetic variants associated with 25-OH-vitamin D concentrations do not predict mortality. This suggests that low 25-OH-vitamin D concentrations are associated with, but unlikely to be causal for, higher mortality rates.

RESUMEN:En este artículo, procedemos a estudiar el traspaso familiar del oficio manufacturero,concretamente el de la platería, a través de tres generaciones de la familia Gálvez a lo largo de la centuria dieciochesca. Para ello, hemos esbozado la situación actual de la historia de la familia con respecto a su interés sobre los sectores artesanales para posteriormente adentrarnos, tras unos datos concretos del linaje, en los talleres y su evolución de forma conjunta con las trayectorias vitales de los individuos, haciendo hincapié en la importancia de las relaciones entre los consanguíneos para el progreso laboral.PALABRAS CLAVE: Antequera, siglos XVIII, familia, artesanos, platerosABSTRACT:In this paper, I study the family transfer of the manufacturing trade, specifically that of silversmiths, through three generations of the Gálvez family throughout the 18th century. To this end, I have outlined the current situation of the family’s history of the family with respect to their interest in the artisanal sectors to then consider, after some specific data regarding lineage, the workshops and their evolution together with the lives of the individuals concerned, emphasizing the importance of family to professional and economic progress.KEY WORDS: Antequera, 18th century, family, artisans, silversmiths BIBLIOGRAFÍAAlexandre, C. y Ruggiu, F. J., “La circulación de los oficios en Charleville. Familia y trabajo en los siglos XVIII y XIX”, Revista de Historia Moderna, 34 (2016), pp. 239-256.Barroso Vázquez, M. D., “Los plateros portuenses: análisis de su organización corporativa”, Revista de Historia de El Puerto, 4 (1990), pp. 55-66.Benavides Murillo, C., “Reflexiones sobre la formación y función social de los artesanos de Cartago en el siglo XVIII”, Revista Estudios, 18-19 (2004-2005), pp. 15-28.Birriel Salcedo, M., “El cónyuge supérstite en el derecho hispano”, Chronica Nova, 34 (2008), pp. 13-44.Burgos Rincón, J., “Gremio, familia artesana y propiedad. Libreros e impresores en la Barcelona del siglo XVIII”, en Familia, casa y trabajo, Murcia, Universidad, 1997, pp. 423-444.Chacón Jiménez, F. y Ferrer i Alós, L. “Más allá de la familia”, Familia, casa y trabajo, Murcia, Universidad, 1997, pp. 13-16.Chacón Jiménez, F., “Familia, casa y hogar. Una aproximación a la definición y realidad de la organización social española (siglos XVIII-XIX)”, Espacios sociales, universos familiares. La familia en la historiografía española, Murcia, Universidad, 2007, pp. 51-68.Colón de Larraeátegui, J., Tiempos de reforma ilustrada. Informe sobre los gremios de Valladolid, Valladolid, Ayuntamiento, 2008 (ed. L. Amigo Vázquez, M. García Fernández y R. Hernández García).Cruz Valdovinos, J. M. y Nieva Soto, P., “Los Morenos, una familia de plateros madrileña en el Antiguo Régimen”, Anales del Instituto de Estudios Madrileños, 44 (2004), pp. 331-358.Cruz Valdovinos, J. M., Catálogo de platería, Madrid, Ministerio de Cultura, 1982.Cruz Valdovinos, J. M., Los plateros madrileños: estudio histórico-jurídico de su Organización Corporativa, Tomo I, Madrid, Gremio de Joyeros y Plateros de Madrid, 1993.Diego Velasco, T. de, Los gremios granadinos a través de sus ordenanzas, Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1986.Domínguez Ortiz, A., Sociedad y estado en el siglo XVIII español, Barcelona, Ariel, 1976.Fernández Guirao, F. J., “Los Laborda, una familia de plateros entre los siglos XVIII-XIX”, CLAVIS, 9 (2016), pp. 77-102.Fernández Pérez, P. y Sola-Corbacho, J. C., “Familia y comerciantes en la España del Antiguo Régimen”, en Espacios sociales, universos familiares. La familia en la historiografía española, Murcia, Universidad de Murcia, 2007, pp. 177-191.Frey, D. A., “Industrious Households: servival strategies of artisans in a Sothwest German town during the eighteenth an early nineteenth centuries”, International Review of Social History, 45 (2000), pp. 115-135.García Abellán, J., Organización de los gremios en la Murcia del siglo XVIII y recopilación de ordenanzas, Murcia, Academia Alfonso X el Sabio, 1976.García González, F. y Crespo Sánchez, F. J., “Radiografía de un impulso compartido. La historia de la familia en España e Iberoamérica (2000-2015)”, en Familias en el Viejo y el Nuevo Mundo, La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2017, pp. 44-78.García González, F., “Las estructuras familiares y su relación con los recursos humanos y económicos”, en Familias. Historia de la sociedad española (del final de la Edad Media a nuestros días), Madrid, Cátedra, 2011, pp. 159-254.García González, F., “Vejez, viudedad y soledad rural. Viudas, hogares y prácticas familiares en la España centro-meridional del siglo XVIII”, Studia historica. Historia moderna, vol. 38, 2 (2016), pp. 287-324.García González, F., Las estrategias de la diferencia. Familia y reproducción social en la Sierra (Alcaraz, siglo XVIII), Madrid, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación, 2000.González Barrero, N., “Los maestros de primeras letras en la provincia de Madrid a través del Catastro de Ensenada”, Historia y Memoria de la Educación, 3 (2016), pp. 197-228.González Enciso, A., “los gremios y el crecimiento económico”, Memoria y Civilización, 1 (1998), pp. 111-137.Guerra Guerra, A., “Profesionales, obreros y artesanos de Badajoz en 1750: sus ganancias y emolumentos según el Catastro de Ensenada”, Revista de estudio extremeños, vol. 27, 3 (1971), pp. 561-582.Gutiérrez Nieto, F. J. y Ybañez Worboys, P., “El llamamiento a la nobleza de las «dos Andalucías» de 1706”, Revista de Historia Moderna, 25 (2007), pp. 53-87.Hernández Benítez, M., A la sombra de la Corona. Poder local y oligarquía urbana (Madrid, 1606-1808), Madrid, Siglo XXI, 1995.Hernández Franco, J. y Molina Puche, S., “La sangre de la familia y su proceso socioinstitucional. Siglos XVI-XVII” en Familias. Historia de la sociedad española (del final de la Edad Media a nuestros días), Madrid, Cátedra, 2011, pp. 113-156.Hernández García, R., “Gremios y corporaciones laborales. Debate historiográficos y estado de la cuestión”, Areas, (34 (2015), pp. 7-18.Hernández López, C., “Trabajo y curso de vida. Los artesanos de Albacete (1636-1792)”, en Escenarios de familia: trayectorias, estrategias y pautas culturales, siglo XVI-XX, Murcia, Universidad, 2017, pp. 257-269.Herraéz Ortega, M. V., “Los Bello, platero de Sahagún, y las cruces procesionales de Vallecillo y Joarilla de las Matas (León)”, en Estudios de Platería: San Eloy, Murcia, Universidad, 2002, pp. 183-194.Irigoyen López, A. “Un obispado para la familia: Francisco Verdín Molina, prelado de Guadalajara y Valladolid en la segunda mitad del siglo XVII”, Historia mexicana, vol. 58, 2 (2008), pp. 557-594.Irigoyen López, A., “Bajo el manto de la Iglesia. Clero y familia en España durante la Edad Moderna”, en Espacios sociales, universos familiares. La familia en la historiografía española, Murcia, Universidad de Murcia, 2007, pp. 245-269.Llordén, A., “Noticas históricas de los maestros plateros antequeranos, siglos XVIII-XIX”, Jábega, (8 (1974), pp. 81-92.Mallo, J., “Emociones, honra y familia. Comerciantes españoles a finales del siglo XVIII”, en Familias en el Viejo y el Nuevo Mundo, La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 2017, pp. 367-385.Marchant Rivera, A., “El prohijamiento, la tutela y la carta de aprendiz: instrumentos para una historia de la situación del menor en Málaga durante la primera mitad del siglo XVI”, en Población y grupos sociales en el Antiguo Régimen, vol. 2, Málaga, Área de Historia Moderna de la Universidad de Málaga, 2009, pp. 943-956.Miralles Martínez, P., Seda, trabajo y sociedad en la Murcia del siglo XVII, Murcia, Universidad, 2000.Moral Roncal, A. M. Gremios e Ilustración en Madrid, (1775-1836), Madrid, Actas, 1998.Moral Roncal, A. M., “Honor, vileza y honra de los oficios mecánicos en el siglo XVIII”, Baetica, 18 (1996), pp.Morgado García, A. J., “El ciclo vital de los esclavos en el Cádiz de la modernidad”, Revista de historia moderna: Anales de la Universidad de Alicante, 34 (2016), pp. 297-315.Morgado García, A. J., “La vida familiar de los esclavos en el Cádiz de la modernidad (1600-1750)”, Trocadero: revista de historia moderna y contemporánea, 24 (2012), pp. 67-81.Narotzky, S., “La renta del afecto: ideología y reproducción en el cuidado de los viejos”, en Antropología de los pueblos de España, Madrid, Taurus, 1991, pp. 464-474.Nieto Sánchez, J. A. y Zofío Llorente, J. C., “Los gremios de Madrid durante la Edad Moderna: una revisión”, Áreas, 34 (2015), pp. 47-61.Nieto Sánchez, J. A., Artesanos y mercaderes: una historia social y económica de Madrid, 1450-1850, Madrid, Fundamentos, 2006.Ortega López, M., “Las edades de las mujeres”, en Historia de las mujeres en España y América Latina, vol. 2, Madrid, Cátedra, 2005, pp. 317-350.Pérez Samper, M. A., “Espacios y prácticas de sociabilidad en el siglo XVIII: tertulias, refrescos y cafés de Barcelona”, Cuadernos de Historia Moderna, 26 (2001), pp. 11-55.Sánchez-Lafuente Gémar, R., “El Colegio-Congregación de plateros de Antequera (1782-1833)”, Boletín de Arte, 12 (1991), pp. 317-336.Sánchez-Lafuente Gémar, R., “La platería de Málaga en el siglo XVIII”, en Estudios de Platería: San Eloy, Murcia, Universidad, 2001, pp. 241-256.Sánchez-Lafuente Gémar, R., El Arte de Platería en Málaga, 1550-1800, Málaga, Universidad, 1997.Zofío Llorente, J. C., Gremios y artesanos en Madrid, 1550-1650: la sociedad del trabajo en una ciudad cortesana preindustrial, Madrid, Instituto de Estudio Madrileños, 2005.

Pukat cincin merupakan alat tangkap utama untuk perikanan pelagis kecil serta mempunyil peranan penting di dalam pengusahaan sumber daya perikanan di Laui iawa Armada pukat cincin berkembang pesat sejak tahun 1976 dan daerah penangkapan tersebar luas di perairan paparan Sunda, di antaranya Laut Jawa, Selat Makassar, Laut Cina Selaian, Selat Karimata, dan saat ini telah mencaoai perairan Sulawesi. Tahun 1994 diindikasikan perkembangan daerah penangkapan ini telah mencapai maksimum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengemukakan perkernbangan hasil tangkapan dan upaya ikan pelagis di Laut Jawa berdasarkan pada data berbasis hasil tangkapan pukat cincin yang mendarat di Pekalongan tahun 2002 2007. Hasil perrelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan layang (DecapterLts spp.) tetap merupakan jenis utama atau dominan hampir di semua daefah penangkapan, yailu 52% dari seluruh hasil tangkapan. Hasil tersebut tidak berbeda ciengan hasil pada tahun 1985-1992. Jumlah trip mengalami penurunan yang cukup signifikan pada bulan Nopember 2005 karena adanya kenaikan harga bahan bakar minyak Penurunan jumlah trip ini diikuti dengan menrngkatnya jumlah hari di laut menjadi sekitar 2 buian. LaJu tangkap ieius mengalaml penurunan dari 1.OOO,7 kg per hari pada tahun 2004, menjadi 409 kg per hari pada tahun 2007. Ratarata laju tangkap tefsebut jauh lebih kecil iika dibandingkan pada tahtrn '1992-1996 yang mencapai 2,387 kg per hari. Di antara 7 daerah penangkapan di perairan Laut Jawa dan Selat Makassar, laju tangkap lebih tinggi dijumpai di perairan sekitar Kepulauan Kangean, yaitu sekilar 950 kg per hari. Purse serne is the main fishing gear of small pelagic fisheries and lhe most impoftant Eeat for flsheries resoufces exploitation in Java sea. since 1976, purse selre has spread out quickly and thc selners were able to extend their exploitation area outsicle the Java sea. ln 1994, it itldicated lhat fishing area has .eached the naxinium point. The purpose of this study is lo explain catch develapment of petagic fish in the Java sea based on catch data of purse sei}e that landed in Pekalongan fror', 2002-2007- Ihe rest//fs show that sca.rs (Decapterus sppJ species still provided the main target of the exploitation and reprcsents 52% of the total catclt. Thts condition was found similafly ilt 1985' 1992. The fishing trip of yesse/ decrease d significantly iti Navember 2005due ta tlte increase of fuel price. The day at sea increased up to 2 monlhs. Calch per unit of eflotl tllso decreasecl from 1,000.7 kg per day in 2OO4 becoming 4Og kg per day in 2OO7. This catch per unit ol effoft was significanUy stnaller than lhe resutts in 1992-1996 that reached 2,387 kg per day. From lhe seven fishing areas of waters around lhe Kangean archipelago provided the highest catch per unit af effott, of ahout 9 50 kg per day.

RESUMENDurante el período de 1778- 1808 la Sociedad Económica Mallorquina de Amigos del País centró su interés en la ciencia gracias al papel que podían ejercer las innovaciones científicas en el desarrollo económico de Mallorca. La universidad se encontraba inmersa en una profunda reforma dirigida desde la propia monarquía, de ahí la importancia de la Sociedad en el impulso de una serie de proyectos que expresan el auge de las inquietudes en esta materia.PALABRAS CLAVE: Sociedad Económica Mallorquina de Amigos del País, Mallorca, siglo XVIII, ciencia, Ilustración.ABSTRACTDuring the period 1778 – 1808, the Majorcan Economic Society of Friends of the Country focused its interests on science, thanks to the role which scientific innovations played in the economic development of Majorca. The university found itself immersed in major reform directed by the monarchy. Hence the importance of the Society in the promotion of a series of projects expressing increased concern with subject.KEY WORDS: The Royal Economic Society, Majorca, XVIII century, science, Enlightement. BIBLIOGRAFÍAAguilar, F., “La reforma universitaria de Olavide”, Cuadernos Dieciochistas, 4 (2003), pp. 31-46.Amengual, J., “La preilustración en los medios eclesiásticos de Mallorca (ss. XVII-XVIII)”, Hispania, 212 (2002), pp. 907-956.Arias de Saavedra, I., “Las Sociedades Económicas de Amigos del País: Proyecto y realidad en la España de la Ilustración”, Obradoiro de Historia Moderna, 21 (2012), pp. 219-245.Bertomeu, J. R. y García, A., “La química aplicada a las artes y la Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos de País de Valencia (1788- 1845)”, en Ilustración y Progreso: La Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de Valencia (1779-2009). Valencia. Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de Valencia, 2010, pp. 321-356.Bujosa, F., La Academia Médico-Práctica de Mallorca (1788-1800), Valencia. Cátedra e Instituto de Historia de la Medicina, 1975.Cantarellas, C., La Lonja de Palma, Govern Balear. Palma de Mallorca, 2003.Cantarella, C., “La institucionalización de la enseñanza artística en Mallorca: la Academia de Nobles Artes”, Mayurca, 19 (1979), pp. 279-293.Cortés, J. M., “Notas sobre la sanidad marítima mallorquina en el siglo XVIII”. BSAL, 57 (2001), pp. 163-170.Cortijo, A., “De la Sentencia- Estatuto de Pero Sarmiento a la problemática chueta (Real Cédula de Carlos III,1782)”, EHumanista, 21 (2012), pp. 483-533.Fernández, F. J., Los ideales científicos y políticos de los marinos ilustrados españoles del siglo XVIII, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2014, Tesis doctoral inédita.Ferrer, M., “La Cofradía de San Jorge y los orígenes de la RSEMAP”, Memòries de la Reial Acadèmia Mallorquina d’Estudis Genealògics, Heràldics i Històrics, 10 (2000), pp. 137-170.Ferrer, M., “Un reformador político del Antiguo Régimen (José Desbrull y Boil de Arenós)”, Memòries de la Reial Acadèmia Mallorquina d’Estudis Genealògics, Heràldics i Històrics, 11 (2001), pp. 107-148.Ginard, A., “Antoni Despuig i Dameto, el mapa de Mallorca (1784-1785) i la Societat d’Amics del País”, Cuadernos de Geografía, 86 (2009), pp. 241-260.González, F., “Jorge Juan innovador de la Educación Superior en la España ilustrada”, Revista Complutense de Educación, 19 (2008), pp. 115-135.Longás, A., “Las fuentes documentales para el estudio de los espacios docentes de laUniversidad de Mallorca en el siglo XVIII”, en Imatges de l’escola, imatge de l’educació. Actes de les XXI Jornades d’Història de l’Educació, Palma de Mallorca, 2014, pp. 435-448.Manera, C., Memorias de la Real Sociedad Económica Mallorquina de Amigos del País, Palma de Mallorca, Lleonard Muntaner Editor, 2014.Moll, I., “Modelo de población y política demográfica. La Sociedad Económica Mallorquina de Amigos del País, 1779- 1808”, Boletín de la Asociación de Demografía Histórica, XV (1997), pp. 125-163.Moll, I., “Algunos aspectos de la organización de la asistencia sanitaria en la Mallorca rural, siglos XVIII y XIX”, Florianópolis, 14 (2005), pp. 469-479.Palma, D., “Una faceta de la política educativa llevada a cabo por los ilustrados de la Real Sociedad Económica Matritense de Amigos del País, durante los reinados de Carlos III y Carlos IV”, Hispania, 157 (1984), pp. 321-342.Pérez, G., “Ciencia y divulgación científica en las Sociedades Económicas a fines del siglo XVIII. El caso de la Real Sociedad Económica Aragonesa”, en Estado actual de los estudios sobre Aragón vol. II. Actas de las segundas jornadas en Huesca, Zaragoza, 1979, pp. 707-711.Perrupato, S., “Antiguos y modernos en la universidad española de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. Avances de secularización en el plan de reforma universitaria elaborado por Gregorio Mayans y Siscar (1767)”, Historia y Sociedad, 27 (2014), pp. 165-188.Peset, M. y Peset, J. L., La Universidad Española (siglos XVIII y XIX). Despotismo ilustrado y revolución liberal, Madrid. Taurus, 1974.Poy, R., “Regeneración educativa y cultural de la España Moderna: reformas monárquicas en educación y el papel de los obispos de la Ilustración en el siglo XVIII”, Cuadernos Dieciochistas, 10 (2009), pp. 185-217.Sánchez, J. F. y Candel, M., “El observatorio astronómico de la Academia de Guardias Marinas de Cartagena”, Llull: Revista de la Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas, 17 (1994), pp. 343-356.Sarrailh, J., La España Ilustrada de la segunda mitad del siglo XVII, Madrid, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1985.Sureda, B., Els il.lustrats mallorquins i els seus projectes educatius, Govern Balear, Palma de Mallorca, 1989.Urgell, R., Arxiu del Regne de Mallorca. Guía, Conselleria d’Educació i Cultura del Govern de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, 2000.

O Estágio Curricular Supervisionado é uma política educacional, na qual os alunos-professores realizam a prática pedagógica em sua área profissional em uma escola de educação básica, sob a responsabilidade de um profissional já habilitado. Com base em pesquisa qualitativa interpretativa (ERICKSON, 1990; MASON, 1996) de orientação etnográfica (HAMMERSLEY; ATKINSON, 2007), neste trabalho analisamos como ocorrem os momentos de orientação entre uma professora universitária e uma dupla de alunos-professores em uma turma de Estágio de Inglês. Os dados foram gerados em uma universidade pública federal localizada no sul do Brasil por meio de anotações de campo, gravações em áudio e vídeo, pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados apontam que, no cenário investigado, há quatro tipos de orientação ao longo do semestre: orientação a distância, orientação em grupo, feedback pós-observação e encontros individuais. Identificamos que, nas orientações, a prática pedagógica dos alunos-professores era tanto o ponto de partida quanto o de chegada (PÉREZ-GÓMEZ, 1995). Além disso, verificou-se que, nessas interações, os alunos-professores, conjuntamente com as professoras orientadoras, refletiam sobre sua própria ação (SCHÖN, 1983), considerando retrospectivamente e prospectivamente a sua prática (PERRENOUD, 2002). Por fim, há evidências de que os momentos de orientação entre a professora universitária e os alunos-professores provocaram mudanças em seus conhecimentos, suas práticas e atitudes profissionais e, há indícios de que essas mudanças repercutiram positivamente no aprendizado dos alunos da escola. Assim, no contexto analisado, convites à participação, reflexões sobre soluções para situações enfrentadas pelos licenciandos na sua prática docente, o estabelecimento de uma relação de colaboração, bem como o fornecimento de exemplos concretos de como levar a cabo as sugestões, contribuíram para a formação desses alunos-professores.Referências:BIAZI, T. M.; GIMENEZ, T.; STUTZ, L. O Papel da Observação de Aulas Durante o Estágio Supervisionado de Inglês. SIGNUM: Estud. Ling., n. 14, p. 57-78, 2011.CARDOSO, P. C. S. The myth of nativity: a case study on how identities are co-constructed in a language classroom. 2011. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Letras), Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2011.CELANI, M. A. A. Ensino de línguas estrangeiras: ocupação ou profissão?. In: LEFFA, V. J. O professor de línguas estrangeiras: construindo a profissão. 2. ed., Pelotas: EDUCAT, 2008, p. 23-43.CHAMBERLIN, C. R. TESL Degree Candidates’ Perceptions of Trust in Supervisors. TESOL Quarterly, v. 34, n. 4, p. 653-673, 2000.COPLAND, F.; MA, G.; MANN; S. Reflecting in and on post-observation feedback in initial teacher training on certificate courses. English Language Teacher Education and Development (ELTED), v. 12, p. 14-23, 2009.DREY, R. F.; GUIMARÃES, A. M. M. Reflexões sobre a formação inicial e a constituição da profissionalidade docente. D.E.L.T.A., v. 32, n. 1, p. 23-44, 2016.ERICKSON, F. Qualitative methods. In: LINN, R. L.; ERICKSON, F. (Orgs.). Quantitative methods. New York: Macmillan, 1990. p. 75-194.FEIMAN-NEMSER, S. Helping novices learn to teach lessons from an exemplary support teacher. Journal of Teacher Education, v. 52, n. 1, p. 17-30, 2001.GARCEZ, P. M. A organização da fala-em-interação na sala de aula: controle social, reprodução de conhecimento, construção conjunta de conhecimento. Calidoscópio, v. 4, n. 1, p. 66-80, 2006.GARCEZ, P. M.; SCHLATTER, M. Professores-autores-formadores: Princípios e experiências para a formação de profissionais de educação linguística. In: MATEUS, E.; TONELLI, J. R. A. (Orgs.). Diálogos (im)pertinentes entre formação de professores e aprendizagem de línguas. São Paulo: Blucher, 2017. p. 13-36.GIMENEZ, T.; CRISTOVÃO, V. L. L. Derrubando paredes e construindo pontes: formação de professores de língua inglesa na atualidade. Rev. Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, v. 4, n. 2, p. 85-95, 2004.GIMENEZ, T.; RAMOS, S. G. M. Planejamento e implementação de curso online como atividade de estágio curricular na área de inglês. Ilha do Desterro, n. 66, p. 101-131, 2014.HAMMERSLEY, M.; ATKINSON, P. Ethnography: Principles in Practice. 3. ed. Routledge: London, 2007.JEFFERSON, G. Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In: LERNER, G. H. (Ed.). Conversation analysis: studies from the first generation. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing, 2004, p. 13-31.MASON, J. Qualitative researching. Londres: Sage, 1996.NÓVOA, A. Professores: Imagens do futuro presente. Lisboa: Educa, 2009.PÉREZ-GÓMEZ, A. O pensamento prático do professor: a formação do professor como profissional reflexivo. In: NÓVOA, A. Os professores e a sua formação. 2. ed. Lisboa: Dom Quixote, 1995. p. 93-114.PERRENOUD, P. A prática reflexiva no ofício de professor: profissionalização e razão pedagógica. Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2002.PIMENTA, S. G. O estágio na formação de professores: unidade entre teoria e prática?. Cad. Pesq., n. 94, p. 58-73, 1995.PIMENTA, S. G.; LIMA, M. S. L. Estágio e Docência. 7. ed. São Paulo: Cortez, 2012.REICHMANN, C. L. A professora regente disse que aprendeu muito: a voz do outro e o trabalho do professor iniciante no estágio. Raído, v.8 , n.15, p. 33-44, 2014.________. Práticas de letramento docente no estágio supervisionado de letras estrangeiras. Rev. Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, v. 12, n. 4, p. 933-954, 2012.RICHTER, D. et al. How different mentoring approaches affect beginning teachers’ development in the first years of practice. Teaching and Teacher Education, v. 36, p. 166-177, 2013.SALDAÑA, J. The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2009.SCHÖN, D. The reflective practitioner: how professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books, 1983.SINCLAIR, J.; COULTHARD, M. Towards an analysis of discourse. In: COULTHARD, M. Advances in Spoken Discourse Analysis. Londres: Routledge, 1992, p. 1-34.TONELLI, J. R. A. Contextos (In)Explorados no Estágio Supervisionado nas Licenciaturas em Letras/Inglês: o lugar da observação de aulas nos dizeres de alunos-mestres. SIGNUM: Estudos da linguagem, v. 19, n. 2, p. 35-65, 2016.Recebido em 25-01-2021Revisões requeridas em 31-03-2021Aceito em 21-04-2021

Existe consenso de que el turismo constituye una de las actividades económicas más importantes del Siglo XX y XXI. Según los investigadores J.L. Nieto, I.M. Román, D. Bonillo, N. Paulova. (2016) el turismo internacional a mediados del Siglo XX en la década los años 50, movía una cantidad estimada de unos veinticinco millones de turistas; sin embargo, el crecimiento de esta cifra ha evolucionado de manera importante, para el año 2000 el número de turistas entre países era de 678 millones, para el año 2010 esta suma alcanzó los 950 millones, y las proyecciones para el 2030 se estiman en 1.800 millones de turistas. Cada país diseña políticas públicas que le permitan participar a nivel mundial del turismo receptivo, porque esta importante actividad es una exportación de servicios que permite ayudar a equilibrar la balanza comercial de las naciones, además del importante flujo de divisas que genera, es una fuente de empleo y un dinamizador de los demás sectores económicos como servicios, comercio e industria.

In this work an alternative method for refractive index measurement of blue phase liquid crystal in the Kerr effect has been described. The proposed wedge method uses simple goniometric setup, allowing for direct index measurements for any wavelengths and index values. This is significant advantage comparing to other methods, usually having limitations of the measurement range as well as necessity complicated calculation to obtain refractive indices values. The results are reliable and agree well with the subject literature. Full Text: PDF ReferencesW. Cao et al., "Lasing in a three-dimensional photonic crystal of the liquid crystal blue phase II", Nat. Mater. 1, 111-113 (2002). CrossRef S. Meiboom, M. Sammon, W.F. Brinkman, "Lattice of disclinations: The structure of the blue phases of cholesteric liquid crystals", Phys. Rev. A. 27, 438 (1983). CrossRef S. Tanaka et al., "Double-twist cylinders in liquid crystalline cholesteric blue phases observed by transmission electron microscopy", Sci. Rep. 5, 16180 (2015). CrossRef Y. Li and S.-T. Wu, "Polarization independent adaptive microlens with a blue-phase liquid crystal", Opt. Express 19(9), 8045-8050 (2011). CrossRef N. Rong et al., "Polymer-Stabilized Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Fresnel Lens Cured With Patterned Light Using a Spatial Light Modulator", J. of Disp. Technol. 12(10), 1008-1012 (2016). CrossRef J.-D. Lin et al., "Spatially tunable photonic bandgap of wide spectral range and lasing emission based on a blue phase wedge cell", Opt. Express 22(24), 29479-29492 (2014). CrossRef P. Joshi et al., "Tunable light beam steering device using polymer stabilized blue phase liquid crystals", Photon. Lett. Poland 9(1), 11-13 (2017). CrossRef Ch.-W. Chen et al., "Temperature dependence of refractive index in blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Mater. Express 3(5), 527-532 (2013). CrossRef Y.-H. Lin et al., "Measuring electric-field-induced birefringence in polymer stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals based on phase shift measurements", J. Appl. Phys. 109, 104503 (2011). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Direct measurement of electric-field-induced birefringence in a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal composite", Opt. Express 18(11), 11450-11455 (2010). CrossRef K.A. Rutkowska, K. Orzechowski, M. Sierakowski, "Wedge-cell technique as a simple and effective method for chromatic dispersion determination of liquid crystals", Photon. Lett. Poland 8(2), 51-53 (2016). CrossRef O. Chojnowska et al., "Electro-optical properties of photochemically stable polymer-stabilized blue-phase material", J. Appl. Phys. 116, 213505 (2014). CrossRef J. Yan et al., "Extended Kerr effect of polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 071105 (2010). CrossRef M. Chen et al., "Electrically assisting crystal growth of blue phase liquid crystals", Opt. Mater. Express 4(5), 953-959 (2014). CrossRef J. Kerr, Philos. Mag. 50, 337 (1875).

Recent volcanic gas compilations have urged the need to expand in-situ plume measurements to poorly studied, remote volcanic regions. Despite being recognized as one of the main volcanic epicenters on the planet, the Vanuatu arc remains poorly characterized for its subaerial emissions and their chemical imprints. Here, we report on the first plume chemistry data for Mount Garet, on the island of Gaua, one of the few persistent volatile emitters along the Vanuatu arc. Data were collected with a multi-component gas analyzer system (multi-GAS) during a field campaign in December 2018. The average volcanic gas chemistry is characterized by mean molar CO2/SO2, H2O/SO2, H2S/SO2 and H2/SO2 ratios of 0.87, 47.2, 0.13 and 0.01, respectively. Molar proportions in the gas plume are estimated at 95.9 ± 11.6, 1.8 ± 0.5, 2.0 ± 0.01, 0.26 ± 0.02 and 0.06 ± 0.01, for H2O, CO2, SO2, H2S and H2. Using the satellite-based 10-year (2005–2015) averaged SO2 flux of ~434 t d−1 for Mt. Garet, we estimate a total volatile output of about 6482 t d−1 (CO2 ~259 t d−1; H2O ~5758 t d−1; H2S ~30 t d−1; H2 ~0.5 t d−1). This may be representative of a quiescent, yet persistent degassing period at Mt. Garet; whilst, as indicated by SO2 flux reports for the 2009–2010 unrest, emissions can be much higher during eruptive episodes. Our estimated emission rates and gas composition for Mount Garet provide insightful information on volcanic gas signatures in the northernmost part of the Vanuatu Arc Segment. The apparent CO2-poor signature of high-temperature plume degassing at Mount Garet raises questions on the nature of sediments being subducted in this region of the arc and the possible role of the slab as the source of subaerial CO2. In order to better address the dynamics of along-arc volatile recycling, more volcanic gas surveys are needed focusing on northern Vanuatu volcanoes.

Materials commonly used as brake pads are asbestos and alloys, but this material is very dangerous to the environment and health. This research was developed to answer these problems, namely to look for alternative brake pads that have good mechanical and structural properties and are environmentally friendly. Brake lining pads material is made from hybrid composite reinforced basalt, shells, alumina and bound using phenolic resin polymer (PR-51510i). This brake pads material is produced through a sintering process with an emphasis of 2000 kg for 30 minutes at a fixed temperature of 160°C. This hybrid composite is made in as many as five variations, each of which is tested for wear resistance using a pin on disc test based on ASTM G 99-95a standards, while destilled water absorption test was based on ASTM D 570-98. The greatest wear rate is 0.000090 g/cm, which is still lower than wear rate of asbestos brake pad materials, and the highest destilled water absorption of the brake pads specimens obtained was 0.041558 still lower than the destilled water absorption of asbestos brake pads.

Answering some of the main questions from [L. Motto Ros, The descriptive set-theoretical complexity of the embeddability relation on models of large size, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 164(12) (2013) 1454–1492], we show that whenever [Formula: see text] is a cardinal satisfying [Formula: see text], then the embeddability relation between [Formula: see text]-sized structures is strongly invariantly universal, and hence complete for ([Formula: see text]-)analytic quasi-orders. We also prove that in the above result we can further restrict our attention to various natural classes of structures, including (generalized) trees, graphs, or groups. This fully generalizes to the uncountable case the main results of [A. Louveau and C. Rosendal, Complete analytic equivalence relations, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 357(12) (2005) 4839–4866; S.-D. Friedman and L. Motto Ros, Analytic equivalence relations and bi-embeddability, J. Symbolic Logic 76(1) (2011) 243–266; J. Williams, Universal countable Borel quasi-orders, J. Symbolic Logic 79(3) (2014) 928–954; F. Calderoni and L. Motto Ros, Universality of group embeddability, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 146 (2018) 1765–1780].

Some temporary double enterostomies (DES) or entero-atmospheric fistulas (EAF) have high output and are responsible for Type 2 intestinal failure. Intravenous supplementations (IVS) for parenteral nutrition and hydration compensate for intestinal losses. Chyme reinfusion (CR) artificially restores continuity pending surgical closure. CR treats intestinal failure and is recommended by European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) when possible. The objective of this study was to show changes in nutritional status, intestinal function, liver tests, IVS needs during CR, and the feasibility of continuing it at home. A retrospective study of 306 admitted patients treated with CR from 2000 to 2018 was conducted. CR was permanent such that a peristaltic pump sucked the upstream chyme and reinfused it immediately in a tube inserted into the downstream intestine. Weight, plasma albumin, daily volumes of intestinal and fecal losses, intestinal nitrogen, and lipid absorption coefficients, plasma citrulline, liver tests, and calculated indices were compared before and during CR in patients who had both measurements. The patients included 185 males and 121 females and were 63 ± 15 years old. There were 37 (12%), 269 (88%) patients with EAF and DES, respectively. The proximal small bowel length from the duodeno-jejunal angle was 108 ± 67 cm (n = 232), and the length of distal small intestine was 117 ± 72 cm (n = 253). The median CR start was 5 d (quartile 25–75%, 2–10) after admission and continued for 64 d (45–95), including 81 patients at home for 47 d (28–74). Oral feeding was exclusive 171(56%), with enteral supplement 122 (42%), or with IVS 23 (7%). Before CR, 211 (69%) patients had IVS for nutrition (77%) or for hydration (23%). IVS were stopped in 188 (89%) 2 d (0–7) after the beginning of CR and continued in 23 (11%) with lower volumes. Nutritional status improved with respect to weight gain (+3.5 ± 8.4%) and albumin (+5.4 ± 5.8 g/L). Intestinal failure was cured in the majority of cases as evidenced by the decrease in intestinal losses by 2096 ± 959 mL/d, the increase in absorption of nitrogen 32 ± 20%, of lipids 43 ± 30%, and the improvement of citrulline 13.1 ± 8.1 µmol/L. The citrulline increase was correlated with the length of the distal intestine. The number of patients with at least one liver test >2N decreased from 84–40%. In cases of Type 2 intestinal failure related to DES or FAE with an accessible and functional distal small bowel segment, CR restored intestinal functions, reduced the need of IVS by 89% and helped improve nutritional status and liver tests. There were no vital complications or infectious diarrhea described to date. CR can become the first-line treatment for intestinal failure related to double enterostomy and high output fistulas.

[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].ABSTRACT Historical analysis made by the author shows that the emergence of new t ransport communications contributes to creation of new major economic and cultural centers, while traditional centers, which turned away from traffic flows, lose their meaning. Research of transport conditions in pre-Columbian America (absence of wheel, horse-drawn, with the exception for the Central Andean region, and horse transport, a lower level of water communications development in comparison with the Old World) allows us to conclude that the lack of vehicles and the lack of private initiative in transport sector essentially limited the possibilities of social and economic growth in ancient civilizations. Keywords: transport, socio-economic development, communication lines, ancient civilization, economic history, institutions. REFERENCES 1. Mises, L. von. Socialism. 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World History: A New Perspective [Vsemirnaja istoria. Novyj vzgljad: Transl. from English]. Moscow, AST; Astrel’ publ., 2010, 958 p. 19. Berezkin, Yu. E. The Incas. The historical experience of the empire [Inki. Istoricheskij opyt imperii]. Leningrad. Nauka publ., 1991, 230 p. 20. Ershova, G. G. Ancient America: a flight in time and space. Mesoamerica [Drevnjaja Amerika: polet vo vremeni i prostranstve. Mezoamerika]. Moscow. Aleteja publ., 2002, 392 p. 21. Bushnell, G. H. S. Peru: Ancient People and Places [Peru. Ot rannih ohotnikov do imperii inkov: Transl. from English]. Moscow, Centropoligraf publ., 2003, 190 p. 22. Macheret, D. A. Economy of Bottle Necks. World of Transport and Transportation, 2014, Vol. 12, Iss. 3, pp. 64-75. 23. Macheret, D. A. Time Multiplier in Transportation. World of Transport and Transportation, 2015, Vol. 13, Iss. 3, pp. 102-107. 24. Chernomordik, G. I., Kozin, B. S., Kozlov, I. T. 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Mixture preparation is a crucial aspect for the correct operation of modern direct injection (DI) Diesel engines as it greatly influences and alters the combustion process and, therefore, the exhaust emissions. The complete comprehension of the spray impingement phenomenon is a quite complete task and a mixed numerical-experimental approach has to be considered. On the modeling side, several studies can be found in the scientific literature but only in the last years complete multidimensional modeling has been developed and applied to engine simulations. Among the models available in literature, in this paper, the models by Bai and Gosman (Bai, C., and Gosman, A. D., 1995, SAE Technical Paper No. 950283) and by Lee et al. (Lee, S., and Ryou, H., 2000, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Pasadena, CA, pp. 586–593; Lee, S., Ko, G. H., Ryas, H., and Hong, K. B., 2001, KSME Int. J., 15(7), pp. 951–961) have been selected and implemented in the KIVA-3V code. On the experimental side, the behavior of a Diesel impinging spray emerging from a common rail injection system (injection pressures of 80 and 120MPa) has been analyzed. The impinging spray has been lightened by a pulsed laser sheet generated from the second harmonic of a Nd-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. The images have been acquired by a charge coupled device camera at different times from the start of injection. Digital image processing software has enabled to extract the characteristic parameters of the impinging spray with respect to different operating conditions. The comparison of numerical and experimental data shows that both models should be modified in order to allow a proper simulation of the splash phenomena in modern Diesel engines. Then the numerical data in terms of radial growth, height and shape of the splash cloud, as predicted by modified versions of the models are compared to the experimental ones. Differences among the models are highlighted and discussed.

From 2006 to 2009, crown gall and hairy root symptoms were observed on blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum cvs. O'Neil, Millennia, and Misty) plants from six nurseries in Tucumán, Concordia, Pilar, Morón, and Baradero, Argentina. Bacteria were isolated from galls of all three cultivars and from hairy roots of Millenia and O'Neil onto D1 and D1M agar media at 27°C. Typical Agrobacterium colonies developed in 5 days (2). Seven bacterial strains (five from galls and two from hairy roots) were studied further. All were gram negative, aerobic, and catalase positive with rod-shaped cells that synthesized β–galactosidase and metabolized D-glucose, D-arabinose, n-acetyl-glucosamine, maltose, mannitol, and malonate. Strains were negative for lysine decarboxylase, H2S production, indole, and 3-ketolactose production. While gall strains were urease positive and citrate variable (mostly positive), hairy root strains were urease negative, citrate positive, had poly-β-hydroxybutyrate inclusion granules, and clarified acid on potato dextrose agar containing 0.5% CaCO3 (2). Agrobacterium tumefaciens ATCC 15955 and LBA 958 were included as controls. PCR with virA/C primers amplified a 338-bp product corresponding to the virD2 operon and confirmed that the strains harbored a pathogenic plasmid (1). Bacterial strains were assigned to biovars with a multiplex PCR assay targeting 23S rRNA sequences (3). Two strains produced PCR amplicons typical of A. rhizogenes bv. 2. The other five strains produced PCR amplicons typical of A. rubi, which were insensitive to agrocin in a bioassay with A. radiobacter strain K1026. Identity was confirmed by sequencing the 16S rDNA of strains F 266 (GenBank No. GU580894) and F 289 (No. GU580895), which had 99% homology to 16sRNA sequences of A. rubi ICMP 11833 (AY626395.1) and A. rhizogenes ATCC 11325 (AY945955.1), respectively. Pathogenicity of all seven strains was tested on V. corymbosum cv. Misty, Bryophyllum daigremontiana, tobacco cv. Xanthi, tomato cv. Presto, and pepper cv. California Wonder. Plants were inoculated by a needle stabbed into the stems with the appropriate cell suspension (108 CFU/ml) of each strain or with sterile distilled water (control treatment). Two plants of each species were tested per strain. Plants were grown for at least 45 days at 23 ± 3°C and symptoms were recorded. Inoculations with the five strains isolated from galls caused development of spherical, white to flesh-colored, rough, spongy wart-like galls at the inoculation sites. Root strains induced root proliferation on all inoculated plants as well as in a carrot disk bioassay (4). On blueberry plants, galls were dark brown to black, rough, and woody 6 months after inoculation. No lesions were observed on control plants. Bacteria were reisolated from symptomatic tissues of inoculated plants. Enterobacterial repetitive intergeneric consensus-PCR confirmed that the DNA fingerprints of the reisolated strains were identical to those of the original strains. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. rubi and A. rhizogenes causing hairy root and crown gall on blueberry in Argentina. References: (1) J. H. Haas et. al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:2879,1995. (2) L. W. Moore et al. Page 17 in: Laboratory Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. 3rd ed. N. W. Schaad et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 2001. (3) J. Pulawska et al. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 29:470, 2006. (4) M. H. Ryder et al. Plant Physiol. 77:215, 1985.

Abstract Introduction: Patients with malignant gliomas have a high incidence of thrombotic events. There is no definitive data on what specific factors induce or predict for this hypercoagulable state. Aim: The purpose of this prospective study was to identify specific risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with malignant gliomas by examining suspected procoagulant markers in their plasma. Patients and Methods: Adult patients who presented for outpatient consultation to the neuro-oncology clinic at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute from 9/4/2003 to 6/9/2005 with a pathologically documented diagnosis of malignant glioma were evaluated for study. Patients with a prior diagnosis of VTE or on current chemotherapy or anticoagulant therapy were excluded. Upon study entry and prior to the initiation of radiation therapy or chemotherapy, a single peripheral blood sample was collected. Citrated plasma was stored at −80°C until batch testing occurred. Tests for D-dimer, von Willebrand factor antigen, fibrinogen, factor VIII, plasminogen, lupus anticoagulant, thrombin-antithrombin, and prothrombin fragment 1+2 were performed at reference laboratories. All patients were prospectively followed for development of symptomatic VTE (confirmed by radiological testing). Of the twenty-nine patients on study, twenty-five died and four are still alive. Time to death, number of recurrences, and number of hospitalizations were collected to determine if there was an association between these events and presence of VTE. Results: Twenty-nine patients who met criteria and had analyzable blood samples were included in study. The rate of symptomatic VTE was 24% and VTE occurred 1–13 months after entry onto the study. Development of VTE was associated with elevated levels of D-dimer [defined as greater than 500 mg/dL (p=0.0230)] and elevated levels of fibrinogen [defined as greater than 400% (p=0.0164)]. The median levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen were significantly greater in the patients who developed VTE compared to those who did not develop VTE (953 mg/dL v 481 mg/dL, p=0.0249 and 425% v 290%, p=0.0312, respectively). The number of hospitalizations was also significantly associated with the presence of VTE (p=0.0130). There was no association between the number of tumor recurrences/progressions or time to death and presence of VTE. All patients underwent surgery prior to study enrollment. There was no difference between the patients who developed VTE and those who did not in terms of timing of the surgery, presence of residual tumor, grade or type of tumor, or steroid use. Conclusion: The incidence of symptomatic VTE in patients with malignant gliomas was 24%. Elevated levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen at initiation of therapy were associated with the development of VTE. These risk factors may help determine which patients are at increased risk of VTE and might benefit from prophylactic anticoagulation. These suggestive results need to be confirmed in a larger trial.

Os efeitos da suplementação da vitamina D3 e de seus diferentes metabólitos foram avaliados na resposta imune e na morfometria intestinal de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 952 frangos de corte de um dia de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, sete repetições e 34 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatros diferentes fontes de vitamina D3: colecalciferol (D3), 25-hidroxicolecalciferol (25(OH)D3), 1,25-dihidroxicolecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) e 1α-hidroxicolecalciferol (1α(OH)D3). As diferentes fontes foram incluídas na dieta, fornecendo 2000 e 1600 UI de vitamina D, nas fases pré-inicial, inicial e de crescimento, respectivamente. O peso relativo do intestino delgado diferiu entre os tratamentos aos 7, 21 e 42 dias e o peso relativo do fígado somente aos 42 dias de idade. Os demais órgãos e parâmetros imunológicos avaliados (peso dos órgãos linfóides, reação de hipersensibilidade cutânea basofílica, avaliação da atividade de macrófagos, dosagem de nitrito e perfil heterofilo: linfócito foram similares entre os animais alimentados com os diferentes metabólitos. Houve efeito (P<0,05) dos diferentes metabólitos da vitamina D3 sobre o comprimento dos vilos de jejuno e íleo aos sete dias, diferindo entre os animais alimentados com 1,25(OH)2D3 e 1α(OH)D3 para jejuno e 1,25(OH)2D3 e vitamina D3 para íleo (P<0,05). Para as demais fases não foi observado influência (P>0,05) dos tratamentos. Os parâmetros imunológicos não foram afetados pelos diferentes metabólitos de vitamina D. Os diferentes metabólitos de vitamina D afetaram positivamente a morfometria intestinal na altura de vilo na fase inicial, sendo os melhores resultados obtido pelos animais alimentados com 1,25(OH)2D3, contudo os parâmetros imunológicos foram similares entre os metabólitos estudados.

Danburite as a member of the Luc Yen pegmatite mineral assemblage has been studied using fluid inclusion microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy. Data characterize well-preserved fluid inclusions which originate from primary large tubular inclusions as result of necking down. Same modifications underwent a second inclusion generation that evolved during healing of a later crack. Both generations of fluid inclusions show the same chemistry (H2O-CO2) characterizing 3-phase inclusions with additional solids (calcite, sassolite and danburite). Inclusions consist of pure CO2 and H2O with additional NaCl ± KCl comprising a salinity of about 4.5 mass%. Internal fluid inclusion pressures as well as bulk inclusion densities have been calculated using the fermi diad split method of pure CO2 at clathrate melting temperatures of the system and total homogenization temperatures, respectively. Mean internal pressures of ca. 4.5 MPa as well as a bulk density around 0.60 g/cm3 represent a low-dense fluid with XH2O~0.86 and XCO2~0.14 in composition that was present during formation of danburite. Data characterize danburite as a late stage crystallization member of the pegmatite in a shallow magmatic environment.ReferencesAnovitz L.M. and Grew, E.S., 1996. Mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry of boron: An introduction. In L.M. Anovitz and E.S. Grew, Eds., Boron: Mineralogy, Petrology, and Geochemistry, Reviews in Mineralogy, Vol. 33, Mineralogical Society of America, Washington DC, USA, 1–40.Bakker, R.J., 1997. Clathrates: computer programs to calculate fluid inclusion V–X properties using clathrate melting temperatures. Computer & Geosciences, 23, 1-18.Bakker R.J., Diamond L.W., 2000. Determination of the composition and molar volume of H2O–CO2 fluid inclusions by microthermometry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 64, 1753-1764.Bodnar R.J., 1993. Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-NaCl solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 683-684.Chauviré B., Rondeau B., Fritsch E., Ressigeac P., Devidal J.-L., 2015. Blue spinel from the Luc Yen District of Vietnam. Gems & Gemology, 51, 1, 2–17.Diamond L., 2003. Glossary: Terms and symbols used in fluid inclusion studies, In: Samson, I., Anderson, A., Marshall, D. (Eds.), Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation. Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course Series, 32, 365-374.Duan Z., Møller N., Weare J.H., 1996. A general equation of state for supercritical fluid mixtures and molecular dynamics simulation of mixture PVTX properties. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, 1209-1216.Davis D.W., Lowenstein T.K., Spencer R.J., 1990. Melting behavior of fluid inclusions in laboratory-grown halite crystals in the systems NaCl-H2O, NaCl-KCl-H2O, NaCl-MgC12-H2O, and NaCl-CaCl2-H2O. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54, 591-601.Fall A., Tattrich B., Bodnar R.J., 2011. Combined microthermometric and Raman spectroscopic technique to determine the salinity of H2O-CO2-NaCl fluid inclusions based on clathrate melting. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 75, 951-964.Garnier V., Ohnenstetter D., Giuliani G., Maluski H., Deloule E., Phan Trong T., Pham Van L., Hoang Quang V., 2005. Age and significance of ruby bearing marble from the Red River shear zone, northern Vietnam. Canadian Mineralogist, 43(4), 1315-1329.Goldstein R.H., Reynolds T.J., 1994. Systematics of fluid inclusions in diagenetic minerals. SEPM Short Course, 31.Kurshakova L.D., 1982. Temperature regime and geochemical conditions of formation of danburite. International Geology Review 24, 3, 367–371.Roedder E. 1984. Fluid Inclusions. Reviews in Mineralogy, 12, 646.Tattitch B.C., Candela P.A., Piccoli P.M., Bodnar R.J., 2015. Copper partitioning between felsic melt and H2O-CO2 bearing saline fluids. Geochim.

9579 Background: Patients with ESFT resistant to second-line therapy, such as topotecan plus cyclophosphamide, have a dismal prognosis and few therapeutic options. Docetaxel (D), a microtubule inhibitor, demonstrated activity in patients with ESFT (Zwerdling T et al. Cancer 2006:106:1821-1828). Irinotecan (I), a toposiomerase I inhibitor, is being evaluated in clinical trials for ESFT. Despite the different mechanisms of action of D and I, and their activities as a single-agent against ESFT, DI combination has not been previously evaluated in ESFT. Thus, we prospectively performed a single-arm, phase II trial of DI in a single center in Korea. Methods: Patients <30 years with ESFT, who failed second-line therapy, were eligible for the study. D was administered IV over 60 minutes at a dose of 100 mg/m2 on Day 1, and I at a dose of 80 mg/m2 over 90 minutes on Days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle until disease progression. The primary end-point was objective response assessed by RECIST; the secondary end-point was safety. All toxicities were graded according to the National Cancer Institute’s Common Toxicity Criteria (version 4.0). Results: Of seven eligible patients (4 males; median age, 17 years (range 5-21)), 4 were recurrent/refractory cases, and 3 refractory cases. Median number of previous regimens was 6 (range 3-6). One CR, 1 PR, and 5 PD were obtained by DI combination (median number of cycles, 2 (range 1-15)), with objective response (CR+PR) rate of 2/7 (28.6%). One patient with PR achieved CR with subsequent surgery. CR of these two patients lasted 8.9 months and 10.6 months. Of all seven patients fully evaluable for toxicity, grade 4 neutropenia occurred in 7 (100%); grade 3 and 4 thrombocytopenia in 1 (14%) and 6 (86%), respectively; grade 3 pericardial effusion, paresthesia, motor weakness, oral mucositis, each in one (14%). Two patients required ≥1 dose delay; 2 required ≥1 dose reduction due to adverse events, but no one experienced treatment-related mortality. Conclusions: DI combination demonstrated activity in children and young adults with ESFT who were heavily pre-treated, and was feasible.