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Academic literature on the topic '200507 Occupational health'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "200507 Occupational health"

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Nienhaus, Albert, Johanna Stranzinger, and Agnessa Kozak. "COVID-19 as an Occupational Disease—Temporal Trends in the Number and Severity of Claims in Germany." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 9, 2023): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021182.

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COVID-19 is considered an occupational disease (OD), when infection occurs at the workplace for health workers (HW). Because of the increased infection risk of these workers, they were deemed to be a priority group when the vaccination campaign started in Germany in December 2020. By December 2021, more than 90% of HW had been vaccinated twice. We studied the number and the time trend concerning the severity of OD claims related to COVID-19. Workers’ compensation claims for OD are recorded in a standardized database of the Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention in the Health and Welfare Services (BGW). We analyzed all notifiable COVID-19 related claims filed between 1 March 2020 and 30 September 2022. The proportion of severe cases was estimated by inpatient stays, injury benefit payments, rehabilitation measures, and deaths. The data analysis was descriptive. Due to COVID-19, 317,403 notifiable cases were reported to the BGW. Of these, 200,505 (63.2%) had thus far been recognized as OD. The number of notifiable cases was highest in 2022 and lowest in 2020. In total, 3289 insured individuals were admitted to rehabilitation management. This represented 1.6% of all recognized ODs due to COVID-19 at the BGW. The proportion of cases admitted to rehabilitation management decreased from 4.5% of all recognized ODs in 2020 to 3.2% in 2021 and to 0.1% of all recognized cases in 2022. For inpatient stays, injury benefit payment, and death, a similar trend was observed. Therefore, it might be concluded that the successful vaccination campaign mitigated the negative health effects of COVID-19 on HW. Even with vaccination, severe cases can occur. Therefore, infection prevention at the workplace remains paramount.
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Trimpop, R., E. J. Austin, and B. D. Kirkcaldy. "Occupational and traffic accidents among veterinary surgeons." Stress Medicine 16, no. 4 (2000): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-1700(200007)16:4<243::aid-smi859>3.0.co;2-t.

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SMITH, Derek R., and Peter A. LEGGAT. "The Historical Development of Occupational Health in Australia Part 2: 1970－2000." Journal of UOEH 27, no. 2 (2005): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.27.137.

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Schulz, Mark R., and Dana Loomis. "Occupational bladder cancer mortality among racial and ethnic minorities in 21 states." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 38, no. 1 (2000): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0274(200007)38:1<90::aid-ajim10>3.0.co;2-q.

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Aida, Jun, Katsunori Kondo, Ichiro Kawachi, S. V. Subramanian, Yukinobu Ichida, Hiroshi Hirai, Naoki Kondo, et al. "Does social capital affect the incidence of functional disability in older Japanese? A prospective population-based cohort study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 67, no. 1 (July 3, 2012): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2011-200307.

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Hamer, Mark, Mika Kivimaki, and Andrew Steptoe. "Longitudinal patterns in physical activity and sedentary behaviour from mid-life to early old age: a substudy of the Whitehall II cohort." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 66, no. 12 (July 12, 2012): 1110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2011-200505.

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Biradavolu, Monica Rao, Kim M. Blankenship, Asima Jena, and Nimesh Dhungana. "Structural stigma, sex work and HIV: contradictions and lessons learnt from a community-led structural intervention in southern India." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 66, Suppl 2 (June 15, 2012): ii95—ii99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2011-200508.

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Fonseca, Arilton Martins, José Carlos Fernandes Galduróz, Ana Regina Noto, and Elisaldo Luiz de Araújo Carlini. "Comparison between two household surveys on psychotropic drug use in Brazil: 2001 and 2004." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 15, no. 3 (May 2010): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232010000300008.

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CEBRID (Brazilian Center of Information on Psychotropic Drugs) conducted two household surveys on drug use in Brazil, the first in 2001 and the second in 2005, making it possible for researchers, for the first time ever, to have a timeline comparison using this type of methodology. The universe studied corresponded to the Brazilian population living in 107 Brazilian cities with more than 200.00 inhabitants. 8,589 people were interviewed in the first survey in 2001, and 7,939 people in the second. Data on prevalence of lifetime use for psychotropic drugs showed that there was a significant increase only in the number of people who had made lifetime use of psychotropic substances (including tobacco and alcohol). In 2001, 19.4% of the interviewees reported having used some type of drug, and the ranking of lifetime drug use in 2004 was 22.8%, a statistically significant increase. There was also a statistically significant increase in lifetime use of alcohol and tobacco in comparison between the two surveys.
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Cepáková, Eva, and Aleš Hejlek. "Results of proceedings of appeal concerning occupational diseases at the Centre of Occupational Diseases, Hospital České Budějovice, a. s. in 2005 to 2009." Kontakt 13, no. 2 (June 20, 2011): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/kont.2011.021.

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Alidu, Huseini, David Adedia, Nafiu Amidu, Arnold Togiwe Luuse, Alice Koryo-Dabrah, Ahmed Tijani Bawah, Nii Korley Kortei, and Ezekiel N. N. Nortey. "Mediation effects of individuals’ sexual quality of life on the relationship between sexual quality of life of partners and its predictors: a path analysis." Journal of Public Health and Development 20, no. 3 (September 9, 2022): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.55131/jphd/2022/200307.

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Sexual function and the sexual quality of life of an individual could be influenced by several factors. Sexual dysfunction could affect the sexual quality of life of the individual and, possibly, have an impact on their partners. Treatments that improve sexual function among individuals tend to improve the sexual quality of life of their partners. This study explored the mechanism by which an individual’s sexual quality of life mediates the relationship between factors, such as age, sexual dysfunction, perception of IELT, and the partner’s sexual quality of life. Path analysis was used to determine if this effect was via direct or indirect mechanisms. Outpatients attending the Maamobi and Tema General Hospitals, as well as their partners, were recruited for this study. A total of 130 males and their partners, as well as 116 females and their partners, were recruited. The GRISS was used to evaluate the sexual function of participants. The sexual quality of life questionnaire was used to evaluate participants and their partners. Ageing in both sexes had a direct effect on the sexual quality of life of their partners. Ageing also indirectly compromises the sexual quality of life of male partners. Impotence indirectly affects the sexual quality of life of female partners. Vaginismus indirectly affected the sexual quality of life of their male partners. Among the male participants, avoidance of sexual activity had both direct and indirect effects on the sexual quality of life of their female partners. Avoidance of sexual activity by female participants only had an indirect effect on the sexual quality of life of the male partners. Ageing in both sexes, directly compromises the sexual quality of life of their partners.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "200507 Occupational health"

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Gan, Cai Ru. "Future-proofing Hospitals Against Disasters in a Changing Climate: Opportunities and Strategies for Health Promoting Hospitals." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/413313.

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Considerable scientific evidence showing climate change will amplify disasters and cause adverse health impacts. If not mitigated, climate change will push health systems beyond their limits and capacity. The projected trend of increasing climaterelated disasters will intensify existing health risks arising from more frequent and severe extreme weather events like floods, bushfires, poor air and water quality, and emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. This incidents place enormous demands on the future of the healthcare sector, especially on hospitals. To prepare for and deal with the immense challenges ahead, hospitals need to incorporate climate change adaptation (CCA)1 strategies into planning for disaster risk reduction (DRR)2. It is, thus, timely to investigate the feasibility of and pathways to future-poof hospitals against disasters in a changing climate. Hospitals are no stranger to climate change as an issue. They are at the forefront of addressing the health impacts of disasters, treating the illnesses and injuries caused by them, and upholding critical response roles during and after disasters. This role will continue to expand as hospitals struggle to cope with the additional demands of climate change-related disasters. Many hospitals have in place their own emergency response procedures, but little information is available in terms of the extent of how they have incorporated CCA measures into their risk management plans. While hospitals are affected by climate change there is also the reality that they are in part responsible for accelerating climate change. Studies estimate that the healthcare sector is responsible for approximately 4.4% of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is important therefore for healthcare to start shifting to renewable and reliable energy sources and adopt environmentally responsible waste management practices. The problem remains to facilitate this; it would require leadership commitment, and full participation of other healthcare sector stakeholders. The organisation Health Promoting Hospitals Network (HPH), with members worldwide, promotes an integrative, eco-friendly partnership approach to improving hospital practices. The HPH is well-suited to leading the way to integrate DRR and CCA to future-proof hospitals, making it an ideal partner for this research. Among its network members, Taiwan, with its extensive HPH network and supportive government policies, was chosen for this study. Therefore, this study aims to examine opportunities and strategies for developing HPH’s work in Taiwan ensuring that hospitals are geared towards being future-proof against disasters brought about by climate change. The research began with an extensive critical literature review and then applied quantitative and qualitative methods to conduct a case study on Taiwan’s Health Promoting Hospitals. The study adopted the participatory action research (AR) approach, commonly used in health promoting settings, because it enables participants to develop strategies and actions for change and improve knowledge, strategies, and actions in the process. Overall, the study found that the AR process enabled HPH participants to lead the climate movement in the healthcare sector in Taiwan. This has led Taiwan’s health promoting hospitals to transform towards a sustainable future. Using the AR process, key challenges to effectively implement DRR and CCA efforts were identified, and it was determined that these issues could be addressed through standards that regulate hospitals. Therefore, the researchers and partners created and advocated for a new climate action standard under Taiwan’s Healthy Hospitals 2.0 Accreditation Program. As the study was being conducted, the whole world was affected by the COVID-19 and soon after a pandemic was announced. This led to the AR to modify its priorities in response to emergency needs. The result is the co-design of eco-friendly measures that could ensure healthcare workers’ protection and safety and to make healthcare reduce hazardous waste given that the pandemic has produced many unintentional health care wastes in the process of battling the virus. The research and its findings first synthesise the literature on the rationale for linking CCA and DRR in the hospital sector to inform health authorities and hospital decisionmakers on the need to incorporate these into future action plans. Second, it identifies useful indicators and strategies to guide climate action for building future-proof hospitals, especially in Taiwan. Third, it addresses organisational changes and ways HPH networks could advocate for and facilitate these changes, including strategies to leverage that hospital accreditation scheme to enhance adherence. Finally, the research adds to the evidence that HPHs can use participatory AR to deal with complex issues to better prepare for the future. This is not only timely but has practical implications for other settings-based health promotion movements such as Healthy Cities, Workplaces, and Health-Promoting Schools to help them integrate CCA and DRR into their future action plans in the pursuit of sustainable development.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medicine & Dentistry
Griffith Health
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Gubernot, Diane M. "Occupational Heat-Related Mortality in the United States, 2000-2010| Epidemiology and Policy Recommendations." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3670444.

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Heat stress due to ambient outdoor temperatures is a workplace hazard that has not been well studied or characterized. The incidence of occupational heat-related illness is unknown. Heat-related morbidity and mortality have been well-studied at the population level, however it cannot be determined if these findings extend systematically to workers exposed to high heat conditions. Remarkably, there is no U.S. federal standard to protect workers from the peril of elevated environmental temperatures and few states have protective regulations. This dissertation research will add to the limited knowledge base of occupational heat-related illnesses, by characterizing worker fatalities due to environmental heat stress. Three independent, but related, research strategies were designed, executed, and completed to evaluate the current research, as well as knowledge gaps, and to thoroughly describe these fatalities based on available information.

This work was initiated with a thorough literature review to summarize research findings that characterize U.S. occupational heat-related morbidity and mortality and identify gaps in the existing research literature. This review of science, health, and medical databases found that few studies examine ambient heat stress or characterize the incidence of occupational heat-related illnesses and outcomes. Significantly more research examining the heterogeneity of worker and environmental risk factors to heat exposure is needed to identify unsafe working conditions and implement practical, evidence-based heat-stress policies and interventions. The subsequent study describes the epidemiological characteristics of heat-related deaths among workers in the U.S. from 2000 to 2010. Fatality data were obtained at the Bureau of Labor Statistics from the confidential on-site Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries database. Fatality rates and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated by year, sex, age group, ethnicity, race, state, and industry. Between 2000 and 2010, 359 occupational heat-related deaths were identified in the U.S., for a yearly average fatality rate of 0.22 per 1 million workers. Highest rates were found among Hispanics, men, the agriculture and construction industries, the states of Mississippi and Arkansas, and very small establishments. This study provides the first comprehensive national profile of heat-related deaths in the U.S. workplace. Prevention efforts should be directed at small businesses, states, industries and individuals who may be at increased risk of heat stress.

Lastly, to further characterize these fatalities, research was performed to: 1) determine the ranges of heat index and temperature at which workers fatally succumb to environmental heat; 2) identify risk factors that may influence heat-related deaths; and 3) translate these findings to policy recommendations. The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries and the National Climate Data Center were used to identify worker heat-related deaths in the U.S., 2000- 2010, and to assign a maximum daily temperature and heat index to each case. Demographic, meteorological, and geographical variables were analyzed to evaluate any differences in fatal heat exposure. The National Weather Service temperature alert tools, the Excessive Heat Event warning and the heat index category chart, were utilized to assess community threshold suitability for workers subjected to exertional heat stress. Of the 327 cases that qualified for the analysis, there were no differences found in mean temperatures and heat indexes between the sexes, races, age groups, ethnic groups, and industries. Southern workers died at significantly higher temperatures than workers in the North. This study supports the use of heat index and temperature as a guide when evaluating environmental conditions for workers.

Population-level heat index threshold alerts are unsuitable for preventing exertional heat stress and new warning systems should be developed. Since heat-related health hazards at work can be anticipated before they manifest, preventive measures can be implemented before illness occurs. With no federal regulatory standards to protect workers from environmental heat exposure, and with climate change as a driver for adaptation and prevention of heat disorders, it is increasing sensible and imperative for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to take action. National leadership is needed to promulgate regulations, develop new heat alert tools using the heat index as a metric, and promote state-specific occupational heat stress prevention policies.

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Erapart, Evelina. "Lietuvos ginčytinų profesinių ligų atvejų 2005-2009 metais charakteristikos bei jų sąsajos su profilaktiniais sveikatos tikrinimais." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120611_163950-12998.

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Įvadas. Žmonės didelę laiko dalį leidžia dirbdami, daugelis jų yra veikiami profesinių rizikos veiksnių, lemiančių profesinės ligos atsiradimą. Pastaruoju metu profesinės ligos bei jų keliama našta tapo ypač aktualia problema įvairiose šalyse. Siekiant nustatyti veiksnius, kurie sukelia ginčus, būtina analizuoti ginčytinus profesinių ligų atvejus. Profilaktiniai sveikatos tikrinimai padeda nustatyti profesines ligas ankstyvose stadijose, darbo medicinos gydytojams suteikia svarbią, papildomą informaciją apie pacientą, profesinės ligos nustatymo metu. Todėl nagrinėjant ginčytinus profesinių ligų atvejus svarbu įvertinti profilaktinių sveikatos tikrinimų įtaką. Darbo tikslas. Išanalizuoti Lietuvos ginčytinų profesinių ligų atvejų (GPLA) 2005–2009 m. charakteristikas bei jų sąsajas su profilaktiniais sveikatos tikrinimais. Uždaviniai. Įvertinti ginčytinų profesinių ligų atvejų pasiskirstymą pagal charakteristikas (diagnozę (pirminę, galutinę), priežastis, profesiją, ekonominę veiklos rūšį, kenksmingus darbo aplinkos veiksnius, amžių, darbo stažą, lytį, gyvenamąją vietą). Įvertinti ginčytinų profesinių ligų atvejų pasiskirstymą pagal pirminės ir galutinės diagnozės sutapimą. Įvertinti ginčytinų profesinių ligų atvejų pasiskirstymą pagal profilaktinių sveikatos tikrinimų rezultatus. Įvertinti profilaktinių sveikatos tikrinimų ir ginčytinų profesinių ligų atvejų charakteristikų sąsajas. Tyrimo metodika. Darbe naudoti aprašomosios statistikos ir kiekybiniai tyrimo metodai. Duomenys... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Intoduction. A lot of people spend their days at work; high proportion is influenced different risk factors causing occupational diseases. Nowadays the burden occupational diseases is discussed very often all around the world. To identify problems causing disputes about occupational disease diagnosis it is necessary to analyze the controversial cases of occupational diseases. Annual health check ups provide important additional information for occupational doctors, who are determining the diagnosis of occupational disease, also helps to identify diseases in early stages. Since the efectivness of annual health check ups is discussed it is necessary to evaluate how annaul health check ups influence changes in the controversial cases of occupational diseases (CCOD). Aim. To analyze the controversial cases of occupational diseases in Lithuania during years 2005-2009, characteristics of cases and their relation to health annual (mandatory) health check ups. Tasks. To evaluate the distribution of CCOD by characteristics (age, gender, place of residence, seniority, cause of dispute, occupation, economic activity, employment, harmful environmental factors, diagnosis (primary and final). To evaluate distribution of CCOD by congruence of primary and final diagnosis. To evaluate distribution of CCOD by the results of annual health check ups. To evaluate associations with characteristics of contraversial cases of occupational diseases. Methodology. The CCOD registered and analysed by... [to full text]
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Polastro, Dalmo. "Estudo dos casos de intoxicação ocasionadas pelo uso de agrotóxicos no estado do Paraná, durante o período de 1993 a 2000." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-29092005-140058/.

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O Estado do Paraná destaca-se por ser responsável por mais de 20% da produção nacional de grãos. Prevalecem em sua estrutura agrária, pequenas e médias propriedades onde predomina a mão-de-obra familiar. Buscando manter e aumentar as produtividades atuais, a agricultura paranaense utiliza intensivamente os insumos disponíveis no comércio, como é o caso nos agrotóxicos, onde o Paraná é tido como segundo maior consumidor nacional. A venda maciça deste insumo, o baixo grau de escolaridade dos usuários, aliado a falta de cuidados quando da sua utilização resultam no surgimento de intoxicações. Baseado nesta realidade, o presente estudo objetivou identificar e caracterizar o perfil das populações intoxicadas por agrotóxicos no Estado do Paraná, durante o período de 1993 a 2000 e propor medidas que visem diminuir os prejuízos às populações expostas. Para tanto, foram analisadas as intoxicações agudas notificadas durante o período de 1993 a 2000, referentes ao banco de dados fornecido pela Secretaria Estadual da Saúde. As intoxicações foram analisadas segundo as seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, local de ocorrência, via de contaminação, ocupação, evolução final (cura ou óbito), classe e grupo químico dos agrotóxicos. Após a tabulação dos dados, as variáveis foram relacionadas aos Núcleos Regionais que compõe a Secretaria de Estado da Agricultura do Paraná e as intoxicações foram correlacionadas às áreas de seis grupos de cultivos (frutas, culturas de inverno e verão, olerícolas, olerícolas grandes e outros cultivos). Os resultados do estudo apontaram que a maior parte das intoxicações ocorreu em atividades relacionadas à causa profissional (53,1%), tendo sido os inseticidas os agentes causadores da maioria das intoxicações (37,9%) e óbitos (42%). A maioria dos intoxicados foram indivíduos do sexo masculino (79,8%), sendo a faixa de idade compreendida entre os 18 e 23 anos, onde ocorreram o maior número de intoxicações (21,2%) e óbitos (15,8%). O maior percentual de óbitos ocorreu mediante a tentativa de suicídio (86%), principalmente na faixa de idade entre 18 e 23 anos (16,1%). Foi na zona rural onde se deu o maior número de ocorrências (65%), em indivíduos ligados a ocupação agrícola (63%). As principais vias de contaminação, para a causa profissional foram a via respiratória com 58,3% dos casos e suas combinações com as demais vias (82,2%). Para a causa suicídio a via prioritária foi a digestiva, tendo atingido 95,7% dos casos notificados. A região norte (composta pelos núcleos regionais de Apucarana, Cornélio Procópio, Ivaiporã, Jacarezinho, Londrina e Maringá) deteve o maior número de ocorrências de intoxicações (43,1%) e óbitos (37%), sendo os organofosforados os maiores responsáveis por ambas. A análise de Correlação concluiu ser positiva a relação existente entre as intoxicações notificadas e as áreas de cultivos de culturas de inverno e verão, frutíferas e olerícolas. O acesso fácil, associado ao armazenamento inadequado dos agrotóxicos, assim como a participação prematura em atividades agrícolas resultou na ocorrência de intoxicações e óbitos em indivíduos menores de idade. O uso do Receituário agronômico e Guia de aplicação para agrotóxicos de venda aplicada não impediram a ocorrência de intoxicações e óbitos causados por herbicidas bipiridílios.
The state of Paraná is responsible for more than 20% of the national grain production. Its agricultural structure is organized in small and mediumsized properties where the labor force comes mainly from families. In order to mantain and also increase productivity, the agriculture system in Paraná makes intensive use of the available products in the market, such as pesticides, where Paraná is considered to be the second largest consumer in Brazil. The massive sale of these products, the user’s low schooling level and the careless use of the products result in intoxications. Based on all that, the present study aimed at identifying and characterizing the profile of populations informedly intoxicated by pesticides in the state of Paraná during the period from 1993 to 2000, as well as proposing preventive measures in order to help such exposed populations. Therefore, the acute intoxications informed during the period from 1993 a 2000 refering to the State of Paraná Health Department databank were analyzed. The intoxications were analyzed according to the following variables: sex, age, location of occurrence, contamination method, occupation, final evolution (cure or death), and pesticides class and chemical group. After the data tabulation, the variables were related to the Regional Centers which compose the State of Paraná Agriculture Department and the intoxications were correlated to the áreas of six different crops (fruits, winter and summer crops, vegetable crops, large vegetable crops and other crops). The results show that most of the intoxications took place during professional activities (53.1%), and insecticides were the agents causing most of the intoxications (37.9%) and deaths (42%). Most of the intoxicated people were males (79.8%) between 18 and 23 years old, with the largest number of intoxications (21.2%) and deaths (15.8%). The largest death rate occurred due to suicide attempts (86%), mainly between the ages of 18 and 23 (16.1%). The rural area accounted for most of the occurrences (65%), in individuals somehow connected to agricultural jobs (63%). The main contamination methods for a professional reason were the respiratory tract with 58.3% of the cases and its combinations with the other tracts (82.2%). For the cause of suicide the digestive tract was the most relevant, with 95.7% of the informed cases. The north region (composed by the regional centers of Apucarana, Cornélio Procópio, Ivaiporã, Jacarezinho, Londrina and Maringá) had the highest number of intoxications (43.1%) and deaths (37%), mainly caused by organophosphates. The Correlation analysis showed the relationship between informed notifications and the winter and summer crop areas, as well as fruit and vegetable crops, was positive. Easy access, together with inadequate storage of pesticides and premature participation in agricultural activities resulted in the occurrence of intoxications and deaths in underaged individuals. The dipyridylium herbicides, even being sold strictly under agronomic prescription associated to the aplication guide, did not imped the occurrence of intoxications and deaths of pesticides’s users.
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Marshall, Sheryn A. "What it's like being us stories of young New Zealanders who experience difficulty learning : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science at Auckland University of Technology, July 2005." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.

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Wazir, Malik Rashid. "Performance Assessment on Compliance with OHSAS 18001:2007: Focus on Wind Power Company." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Avdelningen för Vindkraft, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-218639.

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The current research was a cross sectional research and was designed to assess the performance of the selected wind power company on compliance with health and management system OHSAS 1800:2007. One wind power company in Pakistan was selected for the research purpose. To collect quantitative data survey was conducted based on Questionnaire. For finding gaps within the existing practices and also for effectiveness of the research check list was designed. Questionnaires were distributed to the employees and one check list was given to the top management. The questionnaires were distributed randomly to the employees and out of fifteen questionnaires twelve were received back. After analyzing the data from the eleven questionnaires, the results shows that overall employees are 61 % strongly agree, 30 % agree, 2% disagree and 1% strongly disagree that the requirements of the system OHSAS 18001:2007 are met. 6% did not decide about it. The check list was received from top management after analyzing data from the check list results shows that top management of the subjected wind power organization is 74% strongly agree, 23% agree and 3 % undecided about the implementation of the system OHSAS 1800: 2007. From the results it can be concluded that both employees and top management of the subjected organization are agree with the fact that the H&S system OHSAS18001:2007 is being implemented well within the organization.
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Fernandes, Raimundo Nonato Ribeiro. "Análise epidemiológica das hospitalizações no Sistema Único de Saúde, por traumatismo crânio encefálico. Brasil: 2001-2007." Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva, 2010. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10899.

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Introdução: O Traumatismo Crânio Encefálico (TCE) é um agravo evitável que tem contribuído nas estimativas de morbi-mortalidade hospitalar. Acometem principalmente os homens e os jovens. As principais causas são os acidentes de trânsito, as quedas, os acidentes de motocicletas e as agressões. A população masculina, os mais velhos e as agressões estão associados à maior letalidade destas hospitalizações. Objetivo: Descrever as estimativas de morbi-mortalidade hospitalar por Traumatismo Crânio Encefálico (TCE), suas circunstâncias e os fatores associados aos acidentes de trabalho e a letalidade por TCE. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal seriado e descritivo das internações da população do Brasil, entre 14 a 69 anos de idade registradas no Sistema Único de Saúde, no período de Janeiro de 2001 a Dezembro de 2007. Utilizaram-se dados secundários provenientes do Sistema de Informações Hospitalar (SIH-SUS) e selecionou-se o total das internações por TCE e as internações por Causas Externas (CE), Neoplasia do Aparelho Respiratório (NAR), Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Doenças Cérebro Vasculares (DCV) e Doenças Crônicas do Aparelho Respiratório Inferior (DCARI) no mesmo período e idade, para comparação. Foram estimados os coeficientes de prevalência, mortalidade e letalidade hospitalar por TCE e por cada um dos agravos selecionados, além disso, estimou-se a proporção das circunstâncias (quedas, acidentes de trânsito, acidentes de motocicletas e agressões) no total de internações por TCE, para cada ano. Medidas de associação foram utilizadas para se identificar os fatores associados aos acidentes de trabalho e para letalidade hospitalar por TCE, assim como para as causas externas. Resultados: As hospitalizações por TCE concentraram entre os homens (81,50%) na faixa etária entre 14-34 anos de idade (53,00%) e na região Sudeste (43,00%). O Coeficiente de Prevalência de Hospitalização por TCE foi de 3,90/10.000 hab. (2001) e de 5,50/10.000 hab. (2007), ficando em quinto lugar. O Coeficiente de Mortalidade Hospitalar foi de 4,50/100.000 hab (2001) e aumentou para 6,70/100.000 hab. (2007), mantendo-se sempre à frente dos outros agravos, exceto das DCV. O Coeficiente de Letalidade Hospitalar foi de 11,40% (2001) e de 12,20% (2007), mantendo-se na terceira posição em todo o período do estudo. As quedas (35,20%) e os acidentes de trânsito (22,87%) foram as circunstâncias que mais contribuíram para o TCE, todavia os acidentes por motocicletas apresentaram o maior crescimento no período (75,00%). Embora existam subregistros de acidentes de trabalho nas hospitalizações, verificou-se três vezes mais acidentes de trabalho por TCE na região Nordeste do que nas demais regiões. Ser homem, ter de 35-69 anos, residir no Centro Oeste, sofrer agressão foram fatores que contribuíram significativamente para a maior letalidade por TCE. Conclusões: O TCE, no presente estudo ocasionou mais óbitos do que as NAR, o DM e as DCARI juntas. A maioria destas mortes ocorreu em indivíduos entre 14-34 anos. É preciso que os poderes públicos tomem medidas efetivas no sentido de diminuir as estimativas de morbi-mortalidade hospitalar do TCE atuando nas causas e entre as populações com maior potencial de risco deste agravo.
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8

Nayar, Shoba C. "Two becoming one immigrant Indian women sustaining self and well-being through doing : a grounded theory study : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Health Science, Auckland University of Technology, June 2005 /." Full thesis. Abstract, 2005.

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Figueiredo, Gisela Maria de. "Efeitos na saude de trabalhadores expostos a longo prazo a agrotoxicos atendidos no ambulatorio de toxicologia do Hospital de Clinicas da Unicamp nos anos de 2006 e 2007." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/308188.

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Orientador: Angelo Zanaga Trape
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A utilização dos agrotóxicos tem determinado impactos sérios do ponto de vista ambiental e principalmente de saúde pública, com relatos de contaminação dos vários meios (ar, água e solo), e casos de intoxicações agudas e morte, porém com poucos relatos reais dos efeitos crônicos da exposição a longo prazo a essas substâncias. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os efeitos na saúde de trabalhadores que tiveram exposição a agrotóxicos, a longo prazo, e que foram atendidos no Ambulatório de Toxicologia do Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp, nos anos de 2006 e 2007. Trata-se de um Estudo Observacional Transversal Descritivo que relata e analisa os efeitos encontrados na saúde de 370 trabalhadores expostos ocupacionalmente a agrotóxicos a longo prazo. As variáveis estudadas nestes pacientes foram: a idade, o sexo, a relação de trabalho, o tipo de contato com os agrotóxicos, o uso dos equipamentos de proteção individual, a forma como foram encaminhados ao ambulatório, o tempo de exposição aos agrotóxicos, o tipo de exposição ao agrotóxico, as alterações encontradas no exame físico e no laboratorial e o diagnóstico. Essas variáveis acima descritas foram colhidas dos prontuários destes pacientes. Foi utilizado o Programa Excel para montar a base de dados e criação de variáveis e o Programa SPSS versão 15 para a análise estatística destes dados. Desta forma, tentou-se relacionar se trabalhadores expostos a longo prazo a agrotóxicos, dentro da realidade regional estudada de utilização de agrotóxicos, desenvolveram danos crônicos a sua saúde
Abstract: The utilization of pesticides has determined serious impacts under environmental point of view and mainly public health, with reports of contamination of several means (air, water and soil), and cases of severe intoxication and death, but with few real reports of chronic effects of exposition to these substances for long time. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effects in workers health that stayed exposed to pesticides for long time, and the ones those were attended on the Clinical Hospital of Toxicology of Unicamp (Campinas State University), during the years of 2006 and 2007. It is Descriptive Transversal Observational Study, that reports and analyses the effects found on the health of 370 workers occupationally exposed to pesticides for long time. The variations studied in this patients were: age, sex, work relationship, kind of contact with agro-toxics, the use of individual protection equipments, the way they were taken to the ambulatory, time of exposition to the pesticides, type of exposition to the pesticides, alterations found on the physical examination, on the laboratory and the diagnosis. These variations described above were taken on the medical register of these patients, and it was used Excel Program to design the database and variations creation and SPSS Program version 15 for the statistical analyses of these data. This way, we try to relate if workers exposed for long time to the pesticides, in our regional reality of agro-toxics utilization, is able to develop chronic damages to their health
Mestrado
Epidemiologia
Mestre em Saude Coletiva
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10

Mpofu, Charles. "Immigrant medical practitioners' experience of seeking New Zealand registration a participatory study : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Health Science, 2007." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/404.

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This qualitative modified participatory study underpinned by social critical theory explored the experiences of immigrant medical practitioners seeking registration in New Zealand. The occupational science notions of occupation, occupational deprivation and occupational apartheid were used to understand the experiences of the participants. The objective of the study was to understand the experiences of the participants and facilitate their self-empowerment through facilitated dialogue, affording them opportunities for collective action. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with eighteen immigrant medical practitioners who were doctors and dentists as well as two physiotherapists. The two physiotherapists were sampled out of necessity to explore diversity in findings. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. This method included the processes of coding data into themes and then collapsing themes into major themes which were organised under categories. Four categories were created in the findings describing the experiences of immigrant practitioners and suggesting solutions. Firstly; findings revealed that immigrant medical practitioners had a potential worth being utilised in New Zealand. Secondly; it was found that these participants faced negative and disabling experiences in the process of being registered. Thirdly; the emotional consequences of the negative experiences were described in the study. Fourthly; there were collectively suggested solutions where the participants felt that their problems could be alleviated by support systems modelled in other Western English speaking countries that have hosted high numbers of immigrant medical practitioners from non-English speaking countries. This collective action was consistent with the emancipatory intent of participatory research informed by social critical theory. This study resulted in drawing conclusions about the implications of the participants’ experiences to well-being, occupational satisfaction as well as diverse workforce development initiatives. This study is also significant in policy making as it spelt out the specific problems faced by participants and made recommendations on what can be done to effectively utilise and benefit from the skills of immigrant medical practitioners. A multi-agency approach involving key stakeholders from the government departments, regulatory authorities, medical schools and immigrant practitioners themselves is suggested as a possible approach to solving the problems faced by these practitioners.
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Books on the topic "200507 Occupational health"

1

1950-, Zakarian Zabelle, ed. Medic: The mission of an American military doctor in occupied Japan and wartorn Korea. Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 1998.

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Smedley, Julia, Finlay Dick, and Steven Sadhra. Legislation related to occupational health records. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199651627.003.0027.

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Data Protection Act 1998 578Access to Medical Reports Act 1988 580Freedom of Information Act 2000 582The Data Protection Act 1998 came into force in 2001 and governs the collection, holding, use or release of data on individuals as required by EC Directive 95/46/EC. It sets out principles of good data handling (‘the eight principles’) and confers several rights on individuals. This Act replaces the Data Protection Act 1984 and the Access to Health Records Act 1990, although the latter still applies to access to the medical records of dead people....
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Reinisch, Jessica. Chapter 6 Public Health Work in the American Occupation Zone: The Public Health Crisis in Occupied Germany. Oxford University Press, 2013.

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Reinisch, Jessica. Chapter 5 Public Health Work in the British Occupation Zone: The Public Health Crisis in Occupied Germany. Oxford University Press, 2013.

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Reinisch, Jessica. Chapter 7 Public Health Work in the Soviet Occupation Zone: The Public Health Crisis in Occupied Germany. Oxford University Press, 2013.

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Reinisch, Jessica. Chapter 8 The Forgotten Zone : Public Health Work in the French Occupation Zone: The Public Health Crisis in Occupied Germany. Oxford University Press, 2013.

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Reinisch, Jessica. Chapter 2 A Hard Peace? Allied Preparations for the Occupation of Germany, 1943-1945: The Public Health Crisis in Occupied Germany. Oxford University Press, 2013.

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Zakarian, Zabelle, and Crawford F. Sams. Medic: The Mission of an American Military Doctor in Occupied Japan and Wartorn Korea (East Gate Book). M.E. Sharpe, 1998.

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Zakarian, Zabelle, and Crawford F. Sams. Medic: The Mission of an American Military Doctor in Occupied Japan and Wartorn Korea. Taylor & Francis Group, 1998.

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Zakarian, Zabelle, and Crawford F. Sams. Medic: The Mission of an American Military Doctor in Occupied Japan and Wartorn Korea. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "200507 Occupational health"

1

Ennals, Richard. "Policies for Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems and Workplace Change." In Work Life 2000 Yearbook 1 1999, 79–99. London: Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0879-5_7.

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McKiernan, Mike. "Sydney 2000." In Why I Became an Occupational Physician and Other Occupational Health Stories, 88. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198862543.003.0072.

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Sayed, Hanaa. "DDA 1995, 2005 or 605?" In Why I Became an Occupational Physician and Other Occupational Health Stories, 35. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198862543.003.0027.

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In DDA 1995, 2005 or 605? Hanaa Sayed briefly explores the Five Pillars of Islam and how they catered to those with disabilities thousands of years prior to modern laws preventing workplace disability discrimination (Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA, 1995)).
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Palmer, Keith T., and Paul Cullinan. "Respiratory disorders." In Fitness for Work, 372–97. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199643240.003.0018.

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Respiratory illnesses commonly cause sickness absence, unemployment, medical attendance, illness, and handicap.1 Collectively these disorders cause 19 million days/year of certified sickness absence in men and 9 million days/year in women (with substantial additional lost time from self-certified illness) and, among adults of working age, a general practitioner consultation rate of 48.5 per 100/year with more than 240 000 hospital admissions/year. Prescriptions for bronchodilator inhalers run at some 24 million/year, and mortality from respiratory disease causes an estimated loss of 164 000 working years by age 64 and an estimated annual production loss of £1.6 billion (at prices in 2000). Respiratory disease may be caused, and pre-existing disease may be exacerbated, by the occupational environment. More commonly, respiratory disease limits work capacity and the ability to undertake particular duties. Finally, individual respiratory fitness in ‘safety critical’ jobs can have implications for work colleagues and the public. Within this broad picture, different clinical illnesses pose different problems. For example, acute respiratory illness commonly causes short-term sickness absence, whereas chronic respiratory disease has a greater impact on long-term absence and work limitation; and the fitness implications of respiratory sensitization at work are very different from non-specific asthma aggravated by workplace irritants. Occupational causes of respiratory disease represent a small proportion of the burden, except in some specialized work settings where particular exposures give rise to particular disease excesses. The corollary is that the common fitness decisions on placement, return to work, and rehabilitation more often involve non-occupational illnesses than occupational ones. By contrast, statutory programmes of health surveillance focus on specific occupational risks (e.g. baking) and specific occupational health outcomes (e.g. occupational asthma). In assessing the individual it is important to remember that respiratory problems are often aggravated by other illnesses, particularly disorders of the cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems.
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Chuliá, Elisa, and Karen M. Anderson. "Regional OutlookSouthern Europe." In Health Politics in Europe, 271–74. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860525.003.0012.

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The Southern Europe regional outlook presents a comparative assessment of the historical development of the healthcare system, health politics, and selected health-related indicators for Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. The politics of democratic consolidation has influenced the development of healthcare systems; in some periods, healthcare policies have been central to the institutional consolidation and legitimation of existing regimes, but they have also been negatively affected by the political, administrative, and financial shortcomings of these governments. All of these countries have witnessed late transitions from social insurance healthcare systems based on occupation (with fairly developed means-tested programs) to universal and mostly tax-financed national health services: Italy and Portugal made this shift in the 1970s, Spain and Greece in the 1980s, and Cyprus after 2000. As the chapter argues, the central issue in Southern Europe concerns expanding healthcare access in the context of economic vulnerability. According to indicators such as infant mortality, life expectancy, and declines in treatable mortality, health outcomes in Southern Europe are largely favorable, but austerity politics have taken their toll.
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Young, Patricia A. "CBM Elements III." In Instructional Design Frameworks and Intercultural Models, 142–73. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-426-2.ch009.

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This chapter continues with CBM Elements and the design factors related to the anthropology of culture. Cultural demographics and Cultural environment are covered in their entirety. Cultural demographics provide the characteristics of a population for a geographic area. Geographic areas are identified by levels such as nation, state, city, county, tracks, blocks, province, and so forth (U.S. Census Bureau [USCB], 2005). This information is usually statistical. Demographic data provide mostly a quantitative picture of a population and aid in predicting economic or market trends. Through the use of demographic data, predictions about populations can be made in reference to increases in the demand for food, clothing, educational achievement, entertainment, housing, insurance, investments, health services, and so forth. Examples of Westernized demographic trends include: baby boom years, single parent families, two income families, and nuclear families. Demographic data are also culture-specific and can not be generalized to other populations. A culture-specific example is data from Japan’s 2000 census that calculated the total population of males at 62,110,764 males to 64,815,079 females. The number of females outnumbers males by 2,704,315 (Statistics Bureau of Japan, 2000). The collection of demographic data is unique to each society or culture. What works for one culture may not work for another. Or the collection of such data may not be operational due to other social, political, or economic factors. The characteristics of a population might include data based on the following: age, assets, birth, death, density, disease, educational achievement, ethnicity, family, growth, housing, incarceration, income, language, marital status, migration, mobility, occupation, race, sex, and size (USCB, 2005). All of these characteristics are described in this chapter. The collection of demographic data could begin with an examination of characteristics in a population such as “age” and multiple characteristics of a population, such as sex, income, household, geographic areas, disease, marriage, and so forth. Therefore, the data collection might look at age and its relation to sex, or age and income, or age and household. The guiding questions, in this section, focus on human beings; however they can be adapted to other species and entities.
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Carter, Richard, and Ola Magnell. "Age estimation of wild boar based on molariform mandibular tooth development and its application to seasonality at the Mesolithic site of Ringkloster, Denmark." In Pigs and Humans. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199207046.003.0020.

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Age estimation based on the dentition of animal remains is one of the most important methods used for analysis of the demography of past as well as contemporary animal populations by zooarchaeologists and wild game biologists (Wagenknecht 1967; Silver 1969; Morris 1972; Wilson et al. 1982). By constructing age profiles from faunal remains it is possible to study hunting of wild boar and pig husbandry in past societies (Higham 1967a; Rolett & Chiu 1994; Vigne et al. 2000a; Magnell 2005a). Age estimation can also be used for assessing seasonal occupation of settlements and slaughtering of pigs (Legge & Rowley-Conwy 1988; Rowley-Conwy 1993, 1998; Ervynck 1997). Several contributions to this volume provide good examples of how different aspects of the past relationship between humans and pigs can be understood from estimations of age. Age estimations based on tooth development have several advantages over ageing methods based on tooth eruption and wear. Experiments with undernourished pigs have shown that the tooth development is less affected by environmental factors than tooth eruption (McCance et al. 1961). A problem with age estimation of domestic animals based on tooth eruption is that the ages at eruption are known to vary between different breeds (Habermehl 1961; Silver 1969; Reiland 1978; Bull & Payne 1982). The rate of tooth wear is also variable between, and within, different populations as a result of several factors such as variation in tooth morphology, eruption, coarseness, and abrasives in the diet (Healy & Ludwig 1965; Grant 1978, 1982; Deniz & Payne 1982; Magnell 2005b). However, tooth development seems to vary less between different populations. In cattle, roe deer, and red deer no consistent differences between various breeds/populations or between males and females have been noted in tooth development (Brown et al. 1960: 27; Carter 2001a). An advantage with age estimation based on tooth development is that the method considers several definable stages in the formation of all molariform teeth. Because the method is based on several characteristics in the dentition it is possible to give a very accurate assessment of dental maturity and the age of a specimen.
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Saddler, Paula F., Donald D. Davis, Katherine A. Selgrade, and Debra A. Major. "Gender and Telework in Information Technology." In Human Computer Interaction, 2023–29. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-87828-991-9.ch132.

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Information technology (IT) work is often distributed geographically through practices such as teleworking. Telework lends itself well to IT workers because they work easily with information technology, which is required for telework, and because many IT jobs consist of knowledge work—the creation and analysis of symbols and ideas—which may be done anywhere and anytime. Advances in information technology make distributed work possible. Globalization and the need for organization flexibility make distributed work necessary (Davis, 1995). Organizations distribute work to take advantage of scarce and inexpensive talent, enhance innovation and product design, and to reduce real estate costs, development time, and labor costs. Workers choose distributed work to balance work and life demands, reduce commuting time, accommodate disabilities, and take advantage of distant opportunities. Telework, a form of distributed work first described by Nilles (1975), has established itself throughout the United States. We discuss telework trends and provide some data describing teleworkers in IT professions in the United States. Four forms of telework are commonly used (see Key Terms; Bailey & Kurland, 2002; Kurland & Bailey, 1999). Most teleworkers use a combination of these forms, although home-based telework is most prevalent (Davis & Polonko, 2001). Each form of telework is practiced for different reasons and produces different work experiences and outcomes (Bailey & Kurland, 2002; Davis & Polonko, 2003; Helling, 2000). A national survey of telework practices in the United States was conducted in 2001 under sponsorship of the International Telework Association and Council (ITAC) and AT&T (Davis & Polonko, 2001). The sample was stratified to represent all U.S. households and was diverse with respect to gender, ethnicity, occupation, organization size, and industry. Results showed that there are approximately twenty-eight million teleworkers in the U.S. Compared to nonteleworkers, teleworkers are significantly more likely to be from the Northeast and West, male (54% of teleworkers), have higher education and income, work in professional/managerial occupations, work in industries such as construction, professional/ scientific/technical services, health care/social assistance, and work in very small and very large organizations. There were no significant differences in telework practice for marital status, race/ethnicity, and age.
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9

Weich, Scott, and Martin Prince. "Cohort studies." In Practical Psychiatric Epidemiology, 155–76. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198515517.003.0009.

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A cohort study is one in which the outcome (usually disease status) is ascertained for groups of individuals defined on the basis of their exposure. At the time exposure status is determined, all must be free of the disease. All eligible participants are then followed up over time. Since exposure status is determined before the occurrence of the outcome, a cohort study can clarify the temporal sequence between exposure and outcome, with minimal information bias. The historical and the population cohort study (Box 9.1) are efficient variants of the classical cohort study described above, which nevertheless retain the essential components of the cohort study design. The exposure can be dichotomous [i.e. exposed (to obstetric complications at birth) vs. not exposed], or graded as degrees of exposure (e.g. no recent life events, one to two life events, three or more life events). The use of grades of exposure strengthens the results of a cohort study by supporting or refuting the hypothesis that the incidence of the disease increases with increasing exposure to the risk factor; a so-called dose–response relationship. The essential features of a cohort study are: ♦ participants are defined by their exposure status rather than by outcome (as in case–control design); ♦ it is a longitudinal design: exposure status must be ascertained before outcome is known. The classical cohort study In a classical cohort study participants are selected for study on the basis of a single exposure of interest. This might be exposure to a relatively rare occupational exposure, such as ionizing radiation (through working in the nuclear power industry). Care must be taken in selecting the unexposed cohort; perhaps those working in similar industries, but without any exposure to radiation. The outcome in this case might be leukaemia. All those in the exposed and unexposed cohorts would need to be free of leukaemia (hence ‘at risk’) on recruitment into the study. The two cohorts would then be followed up for (say) 10 years and rates at which they develop leukaemia compared directly. Classical cohort studies are rare in psychiatric epidemiology. This may be in part because this type of study is especially suited to occupational exposures, which have previously been relatively little studied as causes of mental illness. However, this may change as the high prevalence of mental disorders in the workplace and their negative impact upon productivity are increasingly recognized. The UK Gulf War Study could be taken as one rather unusual example of the genre (Unwin et al. 1999). Health outcomes, including mental health status, were compared between those who were deployed in the Persian Gulf War in 1990–91, those who were later deployed in Bosnia, and an ‘era control group’ who were serving at the time of the Gulf war but were not deployed. There are two main variations on this classical cohort study design: they are popular as they can, depending on circumstances, be more efficient than the classical cohort design. The population cohort study In the classical cohort study, participants are selected on the basis of exposure, and the hypothesis relates to the effect of this single exposure on a health outcome. However, a large cohort or panel of subjects are sometimes recruited and followed up, often over many years, to study multiple exposures and outcomes. No separate comparison group is required as the comparison group is generally an unexposed sub-group of the panel. Examples include the British Doctor's Study in which over 30,000 British doctors were followed up for over 20 years to study the effects of smoking and other exposures on health (Doll et al. 1994), and the Framingham Heart Study, in which residents of a town in Massachusetts, USA have been followed up for 50 years to study risk factors for coronary heart disease (Wolf et al. 1988). The Whitehall and Whitehall II studies in the UK (Fuhrer et al. 1999; Stansfeld et al. 2002) were based again on an occupationally defined cohort, and have led to important findings concerning workplace conditions and both physical and psychiatric morbidity. Birth cohort studies, in which everyone born within a certain chronological interval are recruited, are another example of this type of study. In birth cohorts, participants are commonly followed up at intervals of 5–10 years. Many recent panel studies in the UK and elsewhere have been funded on condition that investigators archive the data for public access, in order that the dataset might be more fully exploited by the wider academic community. Population cohort studies can test multiple hypotheses, and are far more common than any other type of cohort study. The scope of the study can readily be extended to include mental health outcomes. Thus, both the British Doctor's Study (Doll et al. 2000) and the Framingham Heart Study (Seshadri et al. 2002) have gone on to report on aetiological factors for dementia and Alzheimer's Disease as the cohorts passed into the age groups most at risk for these disorders. A variant of the population cohort study is one in which those who are prevalent cases of the outcome of interest at baseline are also followed up effectively as a separate cohort in order (a) to study the natural history of the disorder by estimating its maintenance (or recovery) rate, and (b) studying risk factors for maintenance (non-recovery) over the follow-up period (Prince et al. 1998). Historical cohort studies In the classical cohort study outcome is ascertained prospectively. Thus, new cases are ascertained over a follow-up period, after the exposure status has been determined. However, it is possible to ascertain both outcome and exposure retrospectively. This variant is referred to as a historical cohort study (Fig. 9.1). A good example is the work of David Barker in testing his low birth weight hypothesis (Barker et al. 1990; Hales et al. 1991). Barker hypothesized that risk for midlife vascular and endocrine disorders would be determined to some extent by the ‘programming’ of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis through foetal growth in utero. Thus ‘small for dates’ babies would have higher blood pressure levels in adult life, and greater risk for type II diabetes (through insulin resistance). A prospective cohort study would have recruited participants at birth, when exposure (birth weight) would be recorded. They would then be followed up over four or five decades to examine the effect of birth weight on the development of hypertension and type II diabetes. Barker took the more elegant (and feasible) approach of identifying hospitals in the UK where several decades previously birth records were meticulously recorded. He then traced the babies as adults (where they still lived in the same area) and measured directly their status with respect to outcome. The ‘prospective’ element of such studies is that exposure was recorded well before outcome even though both were ascertained retrospectively with respect to the timing of the study. The historical cohort study has also proved useful in psychiatric epidemiology where it has been used in particular to test the neurodevelopmental hypothesis for schizophrenia (Jones et al. 1994; Isohanni et al. 2001). Jones et al. studied associations between adult-onset schizophrenia and childhood sociodemographic, neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and behavioural factors in the UK 1946 birth cohort; 5362 people born in the week 3–9 March 1946, and followed up intermittently since then. Subsequent onsets of schizophrenia were identified in three ways: (a) routine data: cohort members were linked to the register of the Mental Health Enquiry for England in which mental health service contacts between 1974 and 1986 were recorded; (b) cohort data: hospital and GP contacts (and the reasons for these contacts) were routinely reported at the intermittent resurveys of the cohort; (c) all cohort participants identified as possible cases of schizophrenia were given a detailed clinical interview (Present State examination) at age 36. Milestones of motor development were reached later in cases than in non-cases, particularly walking. Cases also had more speech problems than had noncases. Low educational test scores at ages 8,11, and 15 years were a risk factor. A preference for solitary play at ages 4 and 6 years predicted schizophrenia. A health visitor's rating of the mother as having below average mothering skills and understanding of her child at age 4 years was a predictor of schizophrenia in that child. Jones concluded ‘differences between children destined to develop schizophrenia as adults and the general population were found across a range of developmental domains. As with some other adult illnesses, the origins of schizophrenia may be found in early life’. Jones' findings were largely confirmed in a very similar historical cohort study in Finland (Isohanni et al. 2001); a 31 year follow-up of the 1966 North Finland birth cohort (n = 12,058). Onsets of schizophrenia were ascertained from a national hospital discharge register. The ages at learning to stand, walk and become potty-trained were each related to subsequent incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses. Earlier milestones reduced, and later milestones increased, the risk in a linear manner. These developmental effects were not seen for non-psychotic outcomes. The findings support hypotheses regarding psychosis as having a developmental dimension with precursors apparent in early life. There are many conveniences to this approach for the contemporary investigator. ♦ The exposure data has already been collected for you. ♦ The follow-up period has already elapsed. ♦ The design maintains the essential feature of the cohort study, namely that information bias with respect to the assessment of the exposure should not be a problem. ♦ As with the Barker hypothesis example, historical cohort studies are particularly useful for investigating associations across the life course, when there is a long latency between hypothesized exposure and outcome. Despite these important advantages, such retrospective studies are often limited by reliance on historical data that was collected routinely for other purposes; often these data will be inaccurate or incomplete. Also information about possible confounders, such as smoking or diet, may be inadequate.
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Lee, Hochang Ben, and John R. Lipsey. "Stroke." In Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195309430.003.0010.

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With an annual incidence of more than 600,000 cases, thromboembolic stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States after heart disease and cancer (Kochanek et al., 2004). The number of stroke survivors has increased to 4.5 million adults nationally as the management of acute stroke continues to improve (AHA, 2002). Psychiatric syndromes are common complications of stroke and are associated with psychologic distress, increased impairment, poor rehabilitation outcomes, and excess morbidity. The purpose of this chapter is to describe clinically important poststroke psychiatric disorders and suggest appropriate treatment. Cognitive deficits are the most common psychiatric complication of stroke and affect nearly all stroke survivors. The type of cognitive disturbance depends on the location of the brain injury. Left hemisphere strokes frequently cause aphasia. Right hemisphere strokes cause substantial (but often underrecognized) cognitive impairments such as diminished insight, decreased attention, impaired spatial reasoning, and neglect syndromes. Furthermore, depending on the location of a stroke, other functions such as motivation, memory, judgment, and impulse control may also be affected. A large stroke or a series of small strokes affecting both hemispheres may lead to the global cognitive impairment of dementia. When a series of strokes is involved, the cognitive decline develops in a stepwise manner. This vascular dementia or multi-infarct dementia may be difficult to distinguish from Alzheimer’s disease. Autopsy studies of patients diagnosed with vascular dementia have often demonstrated the presence of Alzheimer’s disease pathology. As many as 25% of all dementia cases are attributable to a combined neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease and multiple infarcts (Massoud et al., 1999). In addition to strategies such as speech and language therapy, physical and occupational therapy, and cognitive rehabilitation, pharmacologic treatment may improve cognitive deficits in some stroke patients. The parallels between vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as the evidence that reduced cholinergic function may play a role in both (Gottfries et al., 1994) have encouraged the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (eg, donepezil) in vascular dementia. These drugs have shown modest benefits in such patients (Roman et al., 2005), and their use is described in Chapter 20.
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Conference papers on the topic "200507 Occupational health"

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Minov, Jordan, Jovanka Karadzinska-Bislimovska, Sasho Stoleski, Dragan Mijakoski, and Aneta Atanasovska. "240 Distribution of sensitizer-induced occupational asthma in r. macedonia in the period 2005–2016 by occupation." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1252.

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Santarpia, L., F. Gugliermetti, and G. Zori. "Air pollution control for occupational health improvement." In Environmental Health Risk 2005. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr050331.

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Khisamiev, I. I., I. V. Sandakova, and V. T. Ahmetshina. "GENDER FEATURES OF OCCUPATIONAL MORBIDITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-552-555.

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Abstract: In modern conditions, improving the working conditions of the working population is a priority area of activity in the field of occupational safety and health. The purpose of the research was to study the gender characteristics of occupational pathology in the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2000-2019. Materials and methods. The analysis of the structure of occupational pathology and statistical processing using the Microsoft Excel application software package was carried out. Results. The performed study demonstrated the presence of pronounced features of working conditions and occupational pathology in men and women. Men are more likely than women to work in harmful working conditions with exposed to noise factor, general and local vibration, increased severity and intensity of the labor process, and their combined effect. Conclusion. Attention should be paid to the development of sanitary and hygienic measures aimed at eliminating the causes of occupational pathology or its risk.
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Hendrawan, H., D. Thaib, T. Malaka, and K. Silaen. "181. Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene in Indonesian Industriesa." In AIHce 2000. AIHA, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2763512.

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Davidson, J., and R. Turnage. "62. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Docket Webpage." In AIHce 2005. AIHA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758652.

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Syurin, S. A., and A. A. Kovshov. "FORMATION OF OCCUPATIONAL AND NON-OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES IN UNDERGROUND APATITE ORE MINERS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-501-505.

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Abstract. Introduction. Living and working in the Arctic is associated with an increased health risks. The aim of the study was to assess features of non-occupational and occupational disease formation in underground apatite ore miners in the Kola Arctic. Materials and methods. We studied data ofthe periodic medical examination and results of social and hygienic monitoring "Working conditions and occupational morbidity of the population of the Murmansk region". Results. In 2007, 2649 miners were diagnosed with 6778 chronic diseases, of which the most prevalent were diseases of the musculoskeletal system (34.4%) and eye (16.9%). In 2008-2019, 496 occupational diseases were diagnosed for the first time in 290 (10.9%) miners. The risk of developing occupational pathology in drifters exceeded indicators of all other miners, including lumbermen (RR = 1.60; CI 1.07-2.38, р=0,015), operators of a vibratory loading installation (RR = 1.63; CI 0.97-2.74, p=0,041), drillers (RR = 1.57; CI 1.11-2.22, р=0,009) and blasters (RR = 2.13; CI 1.56-2.90, р<0,001). In the structure of occupational diseases, the first places were occupied by vibration disease (19.7%), radiculopathy (19.3%) and deforming osteoarthritis (16.0%). Conclusion. Modernization of ore mining processes and personal protective equipment, as well as a current system of medical measures should include more effective solutions to the problems of preserving health of underground apatite miners in the Kola Polar region.
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Parveen, S., and I. M. Faisal. "Occupational health impacts on the child waste-pickers of Dhaka City." In Environmental Health Risk 2005. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr050301.

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Auvinen, Ari-Matti. "Personal Health Systems and Value Creation Mechanisms in Occupational Health Care." In 2007 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2007.4353686.

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Degan, G. A., D. Lippiello, and M. Pinzari. "Occupational health and safety management systems: comparison between BS OHSAS 18001:2007 and Italian Decree 81/2008." In ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr090391.

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Fuller, T., and S. Bloom. "14. Occupational Exposure to Dimethyl Sulfide in the Health Care Setting." In AIHce 2005. AIHA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758500.

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Reports on the topic "200507 Occupational health"

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Putting data to work: occupational health indicators from thirteen pilot states for 2000. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2005154.

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Health hazard evaluation report: evaluation of occupational exposures at drycleaning shops using SolvonK4 and DF-2000. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta201200843227.

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