Academic literature on the topic '2005 n-256'

SUMMARYWe report a major outbreak of rabies in dogs and other domestic animals that occurred in eastern Bhutan between May 2005 and November 2007. The outbreak peaked in February 2006 and subsided by the end of April 2006 with sporadic cases reported until November 2007. Rabies affected 18 of the 40 sub-districts in the three eastern districts of Bhutan. There were reportedly one human and 256 domestic animal fatalities. The outbreak affected cattle (n=141, 55%), dogs (n=106, 41%), horses (n=7, 3%) and cats (n=2, 1%). Rabies was primarily diagnosed by clinical signs but 36 cases were confirmed by fluorescent antibody test of brain samples. High densities and movements of free-roaming dogs might have been responsible for the rapid spread and persistence of the infection for a longer period than expected in dogs in eastern Bhutan.

Abstract BACKGROUND: At ASH 2004, we reported > 20% VTE rates with thal/dexamethasone (thal/dex) use as an off-label treatment for MM. The abstract prompted Richard Blumenthal, the Connecticut Attorney General, to file a Citizen’s Petition with the FDA in 2005 outlining six recommendations to address this safety concern. In 2006, the FDA indicated that four recommendations were approved. The AG’s request for a randomized clinical trial of aspirin, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), and warfarin as VTE prophylaxis was denied- with the FDA indicating that preliminary data suggested that these agents are effective for prophylaxis. At ASH 2005, we reported > 20% VTE rates with len/dex treatment for MM. In response, the manufacturer pre-emptively included a “Black Box” warning describing high VTE rates when len was used off-label for MM. In 2006, len and thal received FDA approval for MM. The Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) project conducted a systematic review of VTE rates when len or thal is prescribed for MM. METHODS: Reports of VTE with thal or len treatment of MM were reviewed. Data sources included: the FDA’s MedWatch program and phase II/III clinical trial reports from 1998 to 7/2006. RESULTS: FDA’s MedWatch program included reports of VTE occurring among 8 len- (3 on aspirin, 2 on warfarin, and 1 on MLWH) and 1076 thal-treated cancer patients. Clinical trials identified VTE rates of 15% among thal/dex treated patients and 14% among len/dex- treated MM patients (Table). Uncontrolled trials found that thal/dex-associated VTE rates were sometimes, but not always, lower with aspirin, LMWH, or warfarin (INR of 2 to 3), while little information on VTE prophylaxis is available for len-dex treated MM patients. CONCLUSIONS: The extant data continue to support our assertion that randomized controlled trials are needed to identify appropriate VTE prophylaxis agents when MM patients receive len or thal with dex. Data on aspirin prophylaxis remain premature. Clinical Trial VTE Results VTE rate among Thal treated MM patients (n = 2690) VTE rates among Len treated MM patients (n = 702) MM-extent of disease Untreated Relapsed/Refractory Untreated Relapsed/Refractory n/a = data not available Thal/Dex None 96/667 (14.4%) 11/256 (4.3%) 38/278 (13.7%) 48/346 (13.9%) Warfarin (1–1.25 mg/d) 16/105 (15.2%) 8/85 (9.4%) n/a n/a Aspirin (81 mg/d) n/a n/a 9/54 (16.7%) n/a LMWH/Warfarin (INR 2–3) 0/63 (0.0%) 2/26 (7.7%) n/a n/a Thal/Dex/Doxorubicin None 148/610 (24.3%) 47/271 (17.3%) n/a n/a Aspirin (81 mg/d) 3/45 (6.7%) n/a n/a n/a LMWH 19/211 (9.0%) n/a n/a n/a Thal/Melphalan/Prednisone None 43/287 (15.0%) n/a n/a n/a Aspirin (81 mg/d) n/a n/a 1/24 (4.2%) n/a LMWH 2/64 (3.1%) n/a n/a n/a

Ключові слова: пам’ять, ідентичність, національна ідентичність, комеморація, кмеморативні практики. Анотація Національна ідентичність, з одного боку, є однією з фундаментальних ідентичностей, тобто, вона може служити орієнтиром для людини навіть тоді, коли інші (професійні, родинні, класові) швидко змінюються внаслідок трансформації суспільства. З іншого боку, зміни суспільства, його соціальних інститутів (як агентів впливу) змінюють зміст і форми національної ідентичності членів суспільства. Відтак усталення тієї чи іншої моделі ідентичності здійснюється в певному соціальному контексті, який задає не тільки спектр альтернатив, але й набір різних комеморативних практик. У статті обґрунтовується взаємообумовленість смислоконституювання пам’яттєвого та ідентичнісного дискурсів, із урахуванням того, що пам’яттєвий дискурс, з одного боку, віддзеркалює характерні риси національної ідентичності, а з іншого – формує своєрідну смислову основу останньої, моделює її, впливаючи на зміни з різним ступенем інтенсивності. Доведено, що національна ідентичність формується за допомогою колективної пам’яті та комеморативних практик. Посилання Anderson, 2001 – Anderson B. Voobrazhaemыe soobshchestva. Razmыshlenyia ob ystokakh y rasprostranenyy natsyonalyzma [Imaginary communities. Reflections on the origins and spread of nationalism]. M. : Kanon-press, 2001. 288 s. [in Russian] Assman, 2012 – Assman A. Prostory spohadu. Formy ta transformatsii kulturnoi pam’iati [Spaces of memory . Forms and transformations of cultural memory] / per. z nim. K. Dmytrenko, L. Doronicheva, O. Yudin. K.: Nika-Tsentr, 2012. 440 s. (Seriia «Zmina paradyhmy». Vyp. 15). [in Ukrainian] Assman, 2014 – Assman A. Dlynnaia ten proshloho. Memoryalnaia kultura y ystorycheskaia polytyka [Long shadow of the past. Memorial culture and historical politics] / per. s nem. B. Khlebnykova. M.: Novoe lyteraturnoe obozrenye, 2014. 323 s. [in Russian] Brubeiker, 2012 – Brubeiker R. Эtnychnost bez hrupp [Ethnicity without groups]. M.: Yzdatelskyi dom Vsshei shkolы эkonomyky, 2012. 408 s. [in Russian] Briubeiker, 2006 – Briubeiker R. Pereobramlenyi natsionalizm. Status natsii ta natsionalne pytannia v novii Yevropi [Perebramlennyi natsionalizm [Text]: status of the nation and the national question in the new Europe] / Per. z anhl. Lviv : Kalvariia, 2006. 280 s. [in Ukrainian] Vahner-Patsyfy, Shvarts, 2011 – Vahner-Patsyfy R., Shvarts B. Memoryal veteranov Vetnama: pamiaty trudnoho pryshloho [Vietnam Veterans Memorial: Commemorating a Difficult Newcomer] // Polytycheskaia kontseptolohyia. 2011. № 2. S. 155–192. [in Russian] Vasylev, 2009 – Vasylev A.H. Memoryalyzatsyia y zabvenye kak mekhanyzmы proyzvodstva kulturnoho edynstva y raznoobrazyia [Memorialization and oblivion as mechanisms for the production of cultural unity and diversity] // Fundamentalnыe problemы kulturolohy. T. VI. Kulturnoe nasledye: ot proshloho k budushchemu / otv. red. D.L. Spyvak M., Spb.: Novыi khronohraf, Эidos, 2009. C. 56–68. [in Russian] Voropaieva, 2011 – Voropaieva T.S. Formuvannia natsionalnoi i yevropeiskoi identychnosti hromadian Ukrainy: teoretyko-empirychni aspekty (1993–2010 roky) [Formation of national and European identity of citizens of Ukraine: theoretical and empirical aspects (1993-2010)]. // Naukovi studii iz sotsialnoi ta politychnoi psykholohii. 2011. Vyp. 26. S. 333-343. URL: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/Nsspp_2011_26_40. [in Ukrainian] Hibernau, 2012 – Hibernau M. Identychnist natsii [Identity of Nations] / per. z anhl. P. Tarashchuka; red. L. Marchenko. K.: Tempora, 2012. 303 s. [in Ukrainian] Huzman, Sappa, 2016 – Huzman O.A., Sappa H-M.M. Natsionalna identychnist yak sotsiokulturnyi fenomen [National identity as a socio-cultural phenomenon] // Virtus: Scientific Journal / Editor-in-Chief M.A. Zhurba. 2016. Juni (№ 8). S. 64–68. [in Ukrainian] Diurkheim, 1998 – Diurkheim E. Elementarnыe formy relyhyoznoi zhyzny [Elementary forms of religious life] // Mystyka. Relyhyia. Nauka. Klassyky myrovoho relyhyovedenyia: antolohyia / per. s anhl., nem., fr., sost. y obshch. red. A.N. Krasnykova. M.: Kanon+, 1998. S. 174–231. [in Russian] Zaretskyi, 2008 – Zaretskyi Yu. Ystoryia, pamiat, natsyonalnaia ydentychnost [History, memory, national identity] // Neprykosnovennыi zapas. 2008. № 3(59). URL: http://magazines.russ.ru/nz/2008/3/za4-pr.html#_ftnref28 [in Russian] Zynovev, 2008 – Zynovev A. Symvoly rossyiskoi natsyonalno-hosudarstvennoi ydentychnosty [Symbols of Russian national-state identity] // Experimentum, 2009: Sbornyk nauchnыkh statei fylosofskoho fakulteta MHU / Pod red. A. Selezneva, E. Moshchelkova; Sost. A. Vorobev, T. 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On the semantics of historical time]. K. : Dukh i litera, 2005. 317 s. [in Ukrainian] Kozellek, 2006 – Kozellek R. Chasovi plasty. Doslidzhennia z teorii istorii [Temporal layers and. Research in the theory of history]; [Per. z nim.]. K.: Dukh i litera, 2006. 436 s. [in Ukrainian] Konyk, 2009 – Konyk A. «Istorychna pam’iat» ta «polityka pam’iati» v epokhu media kultury [Historical memory and the politics of memory in a media-cultural epoch] // Visnyk Lvivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu im. I. Franka. Seriia «zhurnalistyka». 2009. Vyp. 32. S. 153–163. [in Ukrainian] Konnerton, 2004 – Konnerton P. Yak suspilstva pam’iataiut [As societies remember] / per. z anhl., nauk. red. Svitlany Shlipchenko. K.: Nika-tsentr. 2004. 184 s. (Seriia «Zmina paradyhmy». Vyp. 7). [in Ukrainian] Konovalenko, 2005 –Konovalenko A.V. Psykholohyia polytycheskoi reklamy [The psychology of political advertising]. Rostov n/D: Fenyks, 2005. (Seryia «Psykholohycheskyi praktykum»). 96 s. [in Russian] Koposov, 2011 – Koposov N.E. Pamiat strohoho rezhyma. Ystoryia y polytyka v Rossyy [Strict mode memory. History and politics in Russia]. M.: Novoe lyteraturnoe obozrenye, 2011. 320 s. [in Russian] Kryvda, 2019 – Kryvda N. Kolektyvna pam’iat yak chynnyk formuvannia hrupovoi identychnosti [Collective memory as a factor in the formation of group identity] // Filosofski obrii. 2019. № 41. S. 60–76. [in Ukrainian] Lotman, 1992 – Lotman Yu. Symvol v systeme kultury [Symbol in the system of culture] // Yzbrannыe staty. Tallynn, 1992. T. 1. S. 191–199. [in Russian] Mainout, 2000 – Mainout K. Anatomiia natsionalizmu [Anatomy of nationalism] // Natsionalizm. Antolohiia. K.: Smoloskyp, 2000. S. 255–256. [in Ukrainian] Malynova, 2017 – Malynova O.Yu. Kommemoratsyia ystorycheskykh sobytyi kak ynstrument symvolycheskoi polytyky: Vozmozhnosty sravnytelnoho analyza [Commemorating Historical Events as a Tool of Symbolic Politics: Possibilities for Comparative Analysis] // Polytyia. 2017. № 4 (87). S. 6-11. [in Russian] Malynova, 2018 – Malynova O.Yu. Kommemoratsyia stoletyia revoliutsyy(i) 1917 hoda v RF: analyz stratehyi kliuchevykh mnemonycheskykh aktorov [Commemoration of the centenary of the revolution (s) of 1917 in the Russian Federation: analysis of the strategies of key mnemonic actors] // Polys. Polytycheskye yssledovanyia. 2018. № 1. S. 9–25. [in Russian] Mehyll, 2007 – Mehyll A. Ystorycheskaia epystemolohyia [Historical epistemology] / Perevod Kukartsevoi M., Kashchaeva V., Tymonyna V. M.: «Kanon+»; ROOY «Reabylytatsyia», 2007. 480 s. [in Russian] Nahorna, 2005 – Nahorna L. Identychnist natsionalna [National identity] // Entsyklopediia istorii Ukrainy: T. 3: E-I / Redkol.: V.A. Smolii (holova) ta in. NAN Ukrainy. Instytut istorii Ukrainy. K.: V-vo «Naukova dumka», 2005. S. 415-417. [in Ukrainian] Nahorna, 2011 – Nahorna L. Sotsiokulturna identychnist: pastky tsinnisnykh rozmezhuvan [Sociocultural identity : traps of value demarcations]. K.: IPiEND NANU, 2011. 272 s. [in Ukrainian] Nechytailo, 2014 – Nechytailo A.A. Natsiietvorennia ta natsionalna pam’iat v epokhu postmodernu ta rozbudovy hlobalnoho informatsiinoho suspilstva [Nation-building and national memory in the postmodern era and the development of the global information society] // Politolohichnyi visnyk. 2014. Vyp. 74. S. 332–340. [in Ukrainian] Nora, 1998 – Nora P. Pokolenye kak mesto pamiaty [Generation as a place of memory] // Novoe lyteraturnoe obozrenye. 1998 № 30. URL:http://magazines.russ.ru/ authors/n/nora/ [in Russian] Nora ta in., 1999 – Nora P., Ozuf M., Zh. De Piuymezh, Vynok M. Frantsyia — pamiat [France — memory]. Spb. : Novaia Peterburhskaia byblyoteka, Yzd. S-Pb. unyversyteta. 1999. 328 s. [in Russian] Nora, 2005 – Nora P. Vsemyrnoe torzhestvo pamiaty [World commemoration] // Neprykosnovennыi zapas. 2005. № 2–3 (40-41). URL: http://magazines.russ.ru/nz/2005/2/ ha2.html. [in Russian] Ptashnyk-Serdiuk, 2012 – Ptashnyk-Serdiuk O.I. Sotsiolohichnyi analiz protsesu identyfikatsii [Sociological analysis of the identification process] // Naukovi pratsi. Sotsiolohiia. 2012. Vyp. 189. T. 201. S. 60–64. [in Ukrainian] Renan, 2006 – Renan E. Shcho take natsiia? [What is a nation?] // Natsionalizm: Antolohiia / Uporiad. O. Protsenko, V. Lisovyi. 2-he vyd. K.: Smoloskyp, 2006. S. 107-120. [in Ukrainian] Rykёr, 2004 – Rykёr P. Pamiat, ystoryia, zabvenye [Memory, history, oblivion] / Per. s fr. M.: Yzd-vo humanytarnoi lyt-ry, 2004. 728 s. [in Russian] Romanovskaia, Fomenko, 2015 – Romanovskaia E.V., Fomenko N.L. Ydentychnost y kommemoratsyia [Identity and commemoration] // Vlast. 2015. № 7. S. 81–84. [in Russian] Riuzen ,2010 – Riuzen Y. Novi shliakhy istorychnoho myslennia [New ways of historical thinking] / Pereklav z nim. V. Kam’ianets. Lviv: Litopys, 2010. 358 s. [in Ukrainian] Saveleva, Poletaev, 2004 – Saveleva Y., Poletaev A. Sotsyalnye predstavlenyia o proshlom: typy y mekhanyzmy formyrovanyia [Social views of the past: types and mechanisms of formation] // Humanytarnye yssledovanyia. M.: HU-VShE, 2004. Vyp. 7 (14). 52 s. [in Russian] Savytska, 2014 – Savytsk I.M. Formuvannia natsionalnoi identychnosti cherez pryzmu istorychnoi pamiati [Problems of formation national identity through the prism of historical Memory in modern society] // Naukovyi visnyk Natsionalnoho universytetu bioresursiv i pryrodokorystuvannia Ukrainy, 2014, Vyp. 203, ch. 1. S. 14-20. [in Ukrainian] Smit, 1994 – Smit E. Natsionalna identychnist [National identity] / per. z anhl. P. Tarashchuk. K.: Osnovy, 1994. 196 s. [in Ukrainian] Smit, 2013 – Smit E. Natsii i natsionalizm u hlobalnu epokhu [Nations and nationalism in the global era]. 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Paris, Gallimard, 1988. 416 р. [in French] Nora, 1994 – Nora P. Between memory and history: Les lieux de memoire. N.Y., Oxford: Oxford univ. press, 1994. 724 p. [in English] Ross, 2009 – Ross M.H. Culture and Belonging in Divided Societies: Contestation and Symbolic Landscapes. Philadelphia : University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009. 312 p. [in English]

Исследована ассоциация между относительной длиной теломер лейкоцитов (ДТЛ), количеством копий митохондриальной ДНК (ККмтДНК) лейкоцитов и развитием острого коронарного синдрома в 15-летнем наблюдении. Случайная популяционная выборка была исходно обследована в 2003-2005 гг. ( n =9 360, мужчины и женщины 45-69 лет, Новосибирск, проект HAPIEE) и наблюдалась в среднем в течение 15 лет. В настоящем анализе были сформированы группы по дизайну гнездовой случай-контроль; случай - новый (Incident) инфаркт миокарда/острый коронарный синдром (ИМ/ОКС) без предшествующей истории сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ) - ИМ, ОКС, инсульт ( n =256), и стратифицированная по полу и возрасту контрольная группа без предшествующей истории ССЗ, рака и без фатальных исходов на период окончания наблюдения ( n =799). С помощью количественной ПЦР в реальном времени был выполнен анализ относительной ДТЛ и ККмтДНК. Носители коротких теломер имели повышенный риск развития ИМ/ОКС в течение последующих 15 лет (ОР=1,87; 95 % ДИ 1,70-2,06) на каждый дециль ДТЛ независимо от других факторов. Меньшее ККмтДНК ассоциировалось с риском развития ИМ/ОКС (ОР=1,19; 95 % ДИ 1,12-1,26) на каждый дециль ККмтДНК независимо от других факторов. Выявленные ассоциации подтверждены в терцильном и пошаговом анализе с непрерывными переменными для обоих биомаркеров. Связи сохранялись после поправки на пол, возраст и традиционные факторы риска ССЗ. ДТЛ и ККмтДНК являются независимыми прогностическими факторами 15-летнего риска развития ИМ/ОКС в сибирской (европеоидной) популяционной когорте среднего и пожилого возраста. Эти данные подчеркивают необходимость дальнейших исследований для выяснения механизмов, через которые ДТЛ и ККмтДНК могут влиять на здоровье человека. We studied the relationship between the leucocyte telomere length (LTL) and the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (CNmtDNA) and the development of acute coronary syndrome during 15 years of follow-up. A random population sample was examined at baseline in 2003-2005 ( n =9 360, men and women 45-69 years old, Novosibirsk, the HAPIEE project) and followed-up for 15 years. In the frame of nested case-control design, we selected cases - incident myocardial infarction/acute coronary syndrome (MI/ACS) among those free from baseline CVD ( n =256) and sex- and age-stratified control among those free from baseline CVD and cancer and alive by the end of follow-up ( n =799). The relative LTL and CNmtDNA were assessed using quantitative real-time PCR. Results. The carriers of shorter telomeres had increased 15-year risk of MI/ACS with adjusted OR=1,87 (95 % CI 1,70-2,06) per 1 LTL decile independent of other factors. Fewer CNmtDNA was associated with increased risk of MI/ACS with adjusted OR=1,19 (95 % CI 1,12-1,26) per 1 CNmtDNA decile. The identified associations were confirmed in tertile analysis and in stepwise analysis with continuous variables of both biomarkers. All associations persisted after adjusting for gender, age, and traditional CVD risk factors. Conclusion. The LTL and CNmtDNA were independent predictors of the 15- year risk of MI/ACS in the middle- and elderly Siberian (Caucasoid) population cohort. These findings highlight the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms by which LTL and mtDNA copy number may affect human health.

Abstract Objective To determine the association between OA and risk of hospitalization for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions (HACSCs). Methods We included all individuals aged 40–85 years who resided in Skåne, Sweden on 31 December 2005 with at least one healthcare consultation during 1998–2005 (n = 515 256). We identified those with a main diagnosis of OA between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2016. People were followed from 1 January 2006 until an HACSC, death, relocation outside Skåne, or 31 December 2016 (whichever occurred first). OA status was treated as a time-varying covariate (those diagnosed before 1 January 2006 considered as exposed for whole study period). We assessed relative [hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazard model] and absolute (hazard difference using additive hazard model) effects of OA on HACSCs adjusted for potential confounders. Results Crude incidence rates of HACSCs were 239 (95% CI: 235, 242) and 151 (150, 152) per 10 000 person-years among OA and non-OA persons, respectively. The OA persons had an increased risk of HACSCs [HR (95% CI) 1.11 (1.09, 1.13)] and its subcategories of medical conditions except chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [HR (95% CI) 0.86 (0.81, 0.90)]. There were 20 (95% CI: 16, 24) more HACSCs per 10 000 person-years in OA compared with non-OA persons. While HRs for knee and hip OA were generally comparable, only knee OA was associated with increased risk of hospitalization for diabetes. Conclusion OA is associated with an increased risk of HACSCs, highlighting the urgent need to improve outpatient care for OA patients.

e18119 Background: We investigated prognostic significance of genetic variants identified by genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Among the patients included in our previous GWAS paper for lung cancer risk, we selected 348 patients with stage IV NSCLC, who had started chemotherapy in May 2002 through December 2005 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, and had the follow-up data available. After applying quality control criteria, the association of 271,817 genotyped SNPs with overall survival was analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard regression model adjusted with known prognostic factors using the bootstrap resampling procedure. Results: Overall, the median age of patients was 56 years, 64.9% were female, 67.2% were never smokers, and 80.4% had adenocarcinoma; 73.0% received platinum-based chemotherapy and 73.6 % received EGFR-TKIs. The median survival time (MST) for all patients was 25 months. A total of 23 SNPs with MAF of >0.05 were selected using a cut-off minimum p-value of <5x10-5 (either in additive or dominant models) in at least 70% of a thousand bootstrap samples. Those SNPs were known to be located in the genomic coding region of the FAM154A, EGF, NCOA2, CDH8, ANKS1A, DLST, VGCNL1, SLC35D2, and THSD7B. Carrying a variant genotype of rs1571228 SNP located on the FAM154A, for example, was significantly associated with better overall survival with MST of 29.6 months for those with AG/GG (n=144/30) genotypes vs. 21.5 months for those with AA (n=173) genotype under the dominant model (hazard ratio of 0.52 [95% CI, 0.42-0.67], p = 2.03 x 10-7). This association remained consistent in a subgroup of patients who received platinum-based chemotherapy (n= 254, p = 1.69 x 10-6) or EGFR-TKIs (n = 256, p = 9.04 x 10-6). Conclusions: Genetic variants at multiple loci were found to be prognostically important for patients with advanced NSCLC, which warrants further investigation into its biological relevance and clinical implication.

Abstract Background: At ASH 2004 and 2005, we reported < 20% rates of from accelerated approval (AA) to regular approval (RA) for drugs used to treat hematologic malignancies (HMs). The FDA convened Oncologic Drug Advisory Committee (ODAC) meetings with sponsors of these drugs in 2003 and 2005 outlining recommendations for completion of subpart H trials. Congressmen Markey and Hinchey have raised concern over low rates of completion of subpart H studies for all AA drugs. The Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) project reviewed the current status of subpart H commitments for all cancer drugs that received AA prior to 2005. Methods: NDAs and supplements for new uses from the FDA, package inserts, and literature reviews were reviewed. Results: Of 19 cancer drugs receiving AA prior to 2005, conversion to RA has occurred for 2 of 9 drugs for HMs and 8 of 11 drugs for solid tumors (STs) (22% vs 73%, p<0.05). Subpart H studies have been ongoing for a median of 5 years for AA drugs for HMs; however, for ST drugs, these studies were completed in a median of 2.5 years. Of 7 subpart H studies reviewed at the 2005 ODAC meeting on AA, subpart H evaluations continue for all 4 for HMs versus 1 of 3 for STs. HMs are characterized by lower rates of target populations, most having > 25,000 newly diagnosed patients annually (25% vs 78%). Recruitment targets are smaller for AA studies for HMs (median, 82 vs 295 patients) and subpart H studies (median, 295 vs 535). Conclusions: Rates of conversion from AA to RA remain poor for drugs for hematologic malignancies but not for solid tumors drugs. In spite of ODAC meetings and two congressional inquiries, little progress ahs been made towards completing these trials. RADAR continues to urge policy makers to modify the AA process for drugs used to treat hematologic malignancies. Hematologic malignancy drugs receiving AA prior to 2005 and current status of subpart studies Drug AA Indication Pts in AA trial design AA year Target # of pts in Subpart H study RA Year Imatinib mesylate CML 1027 2001 1027 2003 Bortezomib MM 202 2003 669 2005 Denileukin difitox* CTCL** 71 1999 195 Pending Liposomal cytarabine* Lymphomatous meningitis** 33 1999 195 Pending Gemtuzumab ozogamicin* AML** 142 2000 342 Pending Alemtuzumab* B-Cell Chronic lymphocytic leukemia** 93 2001 197 Pending Ibritumomab tiuxetan Certain NHLs ** 230 2002 293 Pending Imatinib mesylate CML (pedatrics)** 39 2003 35 Pending Tositumomab Certain NHLs** 60 2003 N/A Pending Solid tumor cancer drugs receiving AA prior to 2005 and current status of subpart studies Drug AA Indication Pts in AA trial design AA year Target # of pts in Subpart H study RA year * Recommendations for completing trials were made at recent ODAC meetings ** Indications with >25,000 new diagnosis annually Irinotecan Colorectal 304 1996 535 1998 Docetaxel Breast 134 1996 326 1998 Capecitabine Breast 163 1998 511 2001 Temozolomide Brain 162 1999 573 2005 Liposomal Doxorubicin* Ovarian 85 1999 474 2005 Oxaliplatin Colorectal 463 2002 795 2004 Anastrozole Breast 9366 2002 6196 2005 Gefitinib Lung 221 2003 1700 2005 Liposomal Doxorubicin* Kaposi’s sarcoma** 77 1995 250 Pending Amifostine Non-small cell lung** 25 1996 366 Withdrawn Imatinib mesylate GI stromal tumors** 147 2002 946 Pending

Barley leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei Otth., has been problematic in United States barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production in the Mid-Atlantic coast region and California. During the early 1990s, P. hordei pathotypes with virulence to resistance gene Rph7 caused average yield losses from 6 to 16% (3). ‘Doyce’ barley was released in 2003 and was described as being resistant to leaf rust (2). Initially in April 2010 and subsequently in spring 2011 and 2012, high severities and infection responses were observed on experimental plots of ‘Doyce’ in Warsaw and Blacksburg, Virginia. Three single uredinial isolates of P. hordei were derived from collections made from ‘Doyce’ barley. The isolates were characterized for virulence to barley leaf rust resistance genes by inoculating at least two replicates of a barley leaf rust differential set including 12 Rph genes (1). Previous methods used for inoculation, incubation, and pathotyping were followed (1). Infection types were scored on a 0 to 4 scale where 2 and below indicated resistance and 3 and above indicated susceptibility (4). The three isolates collected from Doyce barley displayed large pustules with infection types 3,3+ to cultivars Estate (Rph3) and Cebada Capa (Rph7). Avirulent isolates of P. hordei displayed infection types 0; to 0;1c to Estate and ;n to 0;1n to Cebada Capa (1). The data indicated that all three isolates were virulent to both barley leaf rust resistance genes Rph3 and Rph7. Though combined Rph3 and Rph7 virulence has been reported in the Mediterranean region, this is the first report of Rph3 virulence in North America. These isolates of P. hordei are virulent to important sources of resistance to barley leaf rust and threaten barley production in environments conducive for disease development in North America. References: (1) W. S. Brooks et al. Phytopathology 90:1131, 2000. (2) W. S. Brooks et al. Crop Sci. 45:792, 2005. (3) C. A. Griffey et al. Plant Dis. 78:256, 1994. (4) M. N. Levine and W. J. Cherewick. U.S. Dept. Agric. Tech. Bull. 1056, 1952.

У семантиці багатьох прикметників – слів, що характеризують різні властивості предметів, значне місце належить ознакам, які людина отримує через органи сприйняття. У психолінгвістичному дослідженні, проведеному з носіями російської мови, була виявлена значна група іменників (більше ніж 7,6 тисяч одиниць), які безпосередньо пов’язані з тим чи тим відчуттям (слухом, зором, нюхом, смаком чи дотиком). Серед них близько 100 прикметників, на думку опитаних, називають такі ознаки, які мовці сприймають на дотик (температурні параметри предметів, фактура їхньої поверхні, консистенція, наявність чи відсутність вологи тощо). Мета нашого дослідження полягає у виявленні кореляцій між даними, які було отримано в психолінгвістичному експерименті, та лексикографічному описі відповідних прикметників, здійсненому традиційними лінгвістичними прийомами. Ми залучали інформацію переважно із різних словників російської мови, доповнюючи її даними із лексикографічних джерел англійської, української, польської та італійської мов. Докладно обстежено тлумачення прикметників двох груп: з семантикою температури та семантикою фактури поверхні. Загальний висновок полягає в тому, що лексикографи здебільшого ігнорують згадку про канал перцептивної інформації, часто використовуючи в тлумаченнях синоніми чи внутрішні відсилки. Це робить лексикографічний опис прикметників малоінформативним, не відбиває психолінгвальної реальності, не дає уявлення про ту значну роль, яка належить перцептивному компоненту в семантичному навантаженні прикметників. Література References Величковский Б. М., Зинченко В. П., Лурия А. Р. Психология восприятия. Москва: Из-во МГУ, 1973. Кузнецов А.М. Некоторые теоретические проблемы семантики последних десятилетий // Лингвистические исследования в конце ХХ века: Сб. обзоров. Москва, 2000. С. 173–185.Колбенева М. Г., Александров Ю. И. Органы чувств, эмоции и прилагательные русского языка: Лингво-психологический словарь. Москва: Языки славянских культур, 2010. Лаенко Л. В. Перцептивный признак как объект номинации. Воронеж : Воронеж. гос. ун-т, 2005. Селиверстова О. Н. Роль информантов в процессе семантических исследований // Психолингвистические проблемы семантики / Отв. ред. А. А. Леонтьев и А. М. Шах­нарович. Москва: Наука, 1983. С. 256-267. References (translated and transliterated) Velichkovskiy, B. M., Zinchenko, V. P., Luriya, A. R. (1973). Psihologiya Vospriyatiya [Psychology of Perception]. Moscow: Moscow State University. Kolbeneva, M. G., Aleksandrov, Yu. I. (2010). Organy chuvstv, emocii i prilagatelnye russkogo yazyka: Lingvo-Psihologicheskij Slovar [Organs of Senses, Emotions and Adjectives of the Russian Language]. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskih kultur. Kuznecov, A.M. (2000). Nekotorye teoreticheskie problemy semantiki poslednih desyatiletiy [Some theoretical problems of semantics of recent decades]. Lingvisticheskie Issledovaniya v Kontse ХХ Veka. Moscow, 173-185. Layenko, L. V. (2005). Perceptivny Priznak kak Obyekt Nominatsii [Perception Feature as an Object of Nomination]. Voronezh: Voronezh State University. Seliverstova, O. N. (1983). Rol’ informantov v processe semanticheskikh issledovanij [The informants’ role in the process of semantic study]. In: Psiholingvisticheskiye Problemy Semantiki, (pp. 256-267). A. A. Leontyev, A. M. Shahnarovich, (Eds.). Moscow: Nauka Джерела АСРЯ – Активный словарь русского языка. Отв. ред. акад. Ю. Д. Апресян. М.: Языки славянской культуры. Т. 1, 2014. Т. 2, 2014. БАС – Словарь современного русского литературного языка в 17 т. М. – Л.: Из-во АН СССР, 1950-1967. Дм. – Толковый словарь русского языка под ред. Д. Дмитриева. М.: Астрель. 2003. Ефр. – Ефремова Т.Ф. Новый словарь русского языка: Толково-словообразовательный. М.: Русский язык, 2000. Т. 1: А-О., Т. 2: П-Я. Режим доступа: http://efremova-online.ru/ МАС – Словарь русского языка. В 4-х томах / Под ред. А.П. Евгеньевой. М. : Русский язык, 1985-1988. САР – Словарь Академии Российской, по азбучному порядку расположенный. В 6-и частях. СПб., 1806-1822. СУМ – Словник української мови : в 11-ти т. К. : Наукова думка, 1970-1980. ОШ – Ожегов С. И., Шведова Н. Ю. Толковый словарь русского языка: 4-е изд., дополн. М.: ООО «А Темп», 2006. Collins – The Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.collinsdictionary.com Dorosz. – Słownik języka polskiego pod red. W. Doroszewskiego. Retrieved from: http://sjp.pwn.pl/doroszewski/lista Hornby – Hornby A. S. The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. V. 1, 2. М.: Рус. язык, 1982. Longman – The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Retrieved from https://www.ldoceonline.com/ Zing – Zingarelli, Nicola. Vocabolario della lingua italiana: decima edicione. Bologna, 1973. Sources Slovar sovremennogo russkogo literaturnogo yazyka v 17 t. (1950—1967) M. L.: Iz-vo AN SSSR,Aktivnyj slovar russkogo yazyka. (2014). Yu. D. Apresyan, Ed. Moscow: Yazyki slavyanskoj kultury. V. 1, V. 2. Tolkovyj slovar russkogo yazyka. (2003). D. Dmitriev, Ed. Moscow: Astrel. Efremova T.F. (2000). Novyj slovar russkogo yazyka: Tolkovo-slovoobrazovatelnyj. Moscow: Russkiy Yazyk, 2000. T. 1: A-O. T. 2: P-Ya Slovar russkogo yazyka. (1985-1988). V 4-h tomah. A.P. Evgeneva, Ed. Moscow: Russkij Yazyk. Slovar Akademii Rossijskoj, po azbuchnomu poryadku raspolozhennyj. (1806—1822). 6 Vo­lumes. S.-Petersburg. Slovnyk ukrayinskoyi movy (1970-1980). 11 Volumes. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. Ozhegov S. I., Shvedova N. Yu. (2006). Tolkovyj slovar russkogo yazyka: 4-e izd., dopoln. Moscow: A Temp Ltd. Collins – The Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved from: http://www.collinsdictionary.com Dorosz. – Słownik języka polskiego pod red. W. Doroszewskiego. Retrieved from: http://sjp.pwn.pl/doroszewski/lista Hornby — Hornby A. S. (1982). The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. V. 1, 2. Moscow: Rysskiy Yazyk. Longman – The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Retrieved from: https://www.ldoceonline.com/ Zing – Zingarelli, N. (1973). Vocabolario della lingua italiana: decima edicione. Bologna.

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O presente trabalho analisa o Projeto de Lei n? 252/2003, conforme texto substitutivo apresentado em 09/10/2013 pela Comiss?o de Constitui??o e Justi?a e de Cidadania da C?mara dos Deputados, o qual se prop?e a regulamentar as normas gerais relativas a concursos p?blicos de provas ou de provas e t?tulos no ?mbito da Administra??o Direta e Indireta da Uni?o, nos termos do art. 37, inciso II, da Constitui??o Federal de 1988, e as suas implica??es nos certames para o ingresso em cargo efetivo nas carreiras do Magist?rio Superior e do Magist?rio do Ensino B?sico, T?cnico e Tecnol?gico, realizados pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte ? UFRN. A aus?ncia de regulamenta??o espec?fica e detalhada desse instituto gera inseguran?a jur?dica e delega ao Poder Judici?rio o papel normativo. Neste sentido, o Projeto de Lei n? 252/2003 visa tornar mais clara as rela??es jur?dicas e os procedimentos de investidura no servi?o p?blico por meio do concurso p?blico. Busca-se com este estudo a apresenta??o de uma proposta de interven??o, tendo como produto uma minuta de nova resolu??o, tendente a aprimorar e atualizar o normativo interno vigente sobre a mat?ria, a saber, Resolu??o n? 108/2013-CONSEPE, de 2 de julho de 2013, deixando-a mais transparente e coesa com os princ?pios constitucionais e a jurisprud?ncia dominante. Para tanto, a pesquisa vale-se do m?todo dedutivo-indutivo de abordagem, servindo-se dos procedimentos hist?rico e comparativo para uma an?lise sistem?tica e teleol?gica dos concursos p?blicos, especificamente ?queles voltados para o provimento em cargo efetivo do Magist?rio Federal, aplicando a jurimetria como crit?rio de avalia??o de adequa??o da proposta, ante a natureza do objeto em estudo.
The present study analyzes the Bill n?. 252/2003, according to the replacement text presented in 10/9/2013 by the Committee on Constitution and Justice and Citizenship of the Chamber of Deputies, which proposes to regulate the general rules of civil service examinations of tests, or tests and professional qualifications evaluation under the Direct and Indirect Administration of the Union, in accordance with article 37, II, of the 1988 Federal Constitution, and its implications in competitions for entry into effective position in the career of Federal Magisterium (Magisterium Higher and Basic Education, Technical and Technological) conducted by the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte - UFRN. The lack of specific and detailed regulations of this institute creates legal uncertainty and delegates to the Judiciary the normative role. In this sense, the Bill Project n?. 252/2003 aims to clarify the legal relations and investiture procedures in the public service through public examinations. We seek with this study to present an intervention proposal, having as a product a draft of a new normative, aimed at improving and updating the current internal regulations on the matter, namely, Normative Resolution n? 108/2013-CONSEPE, July 2, 2013, making them more transparent and cohesive with the constitutional principles and the prevailing jurisprudence. Therefore, the research uses the deductive - inductive approach, making use of historical and comparative procedures for systematic and teleological analysis of public examinations, specifically geared to the provision in the effective charge of the federal teaching, applying jurimetrics as criteria for evaluating the adequacy of the proposal, given the nature of the object under study.

Au commencement, il y a le constat, en ce début de XXIe siècle, de l'influence de la sphère économique sur la refonte de la matière successorale. Certes, cela n'est pas officiel. Dans le cadre de l'élaboration de la loi n° 2006-728 du 23 juin 2006 réformant le droit des successions et des libéralités, le législateur préfère mettre en exergue des objectifs généraux ; il est question de « simplifier », d’« accélérer » et de « sécuriser » les règlements successoraux. Si tout cela semble bien transparent de prime abord, en réalité, derrière cette « profession de foi un peu courte », se cachent des objectifs de nature économique qui traversent l'ensemble de la réforme. On peut immédiatement en citer un à titre d’exemple : celui de la survie de l’entreprise au décès de son exploitant. Cet objectif transparaît sans difficulté ; il suppose de faciliter la transmission de l’unité économique, […], mais également d'assurer la continuité de la gestion de celle-ci, […].[…] Plus avant, la dialectique suivie par le législateur du XXIe siècle n'est pas seulement celle d'une adaptation des normes juridiques aux réalités économiques contemporaines ; elle est aussi celle d'une promotion de ces normes comme instruments de compétitivité de l'économie nationale. La légistique est désormais conçue comme un vecteur dopant de la conjoncture. […] Multiplier les échanges, relancer la croissance, mettre en valeur le patrimoine économique français : ce sont là certaines des nouvelles valeurs du droit des successions, au sens de la loi du 23 juin 2006. Pour autant, cette influence de la sphère économique est-elle complètement nouvelle ? Ne sommes-nous pas en présence de l'aboutissement, ou du prolongement, d'un phénomène ancien ? On peut en effet songer que les codificateurs étaient déjà soucieux d'adapter notre ancien droit français à l'avènement de la proto-industrie, ainsi qu’au développement d'une économie d'échanges ; dans le même sens, on doit bien constater que la loi n° 71-523 du 3 juillet 1971 ne réalise, pour l'essentiel, qu’une adaptation des règles liquidatives aux fluctuations monétaires de l'après-guerre. Sans entrer plus avant dans les détails, on perçoit immédiatement en quoi ces interrogations nous portent vers la présente étude : une analyse comparative des métasources « économiques » et « non économiques », sur le thème de l'influence de la sphère économique sur le droit des successions dans son élaboration depuis 1804
To start with, we can notice that at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the economic sphere is already clearly influencing the inheritance rules modification process. Admittedly, this is not an official statement. Writing the law n ° 2006-728 of June 23, 2006 which aims to reform the inheritances and liberalities regulations, the legislator prefers to highlight general objectives. This is a question of "simplifying", "speeding up" and "securing" the inheritance law. If all of this may seem very transparent at first glance, in reality, behind this "a little short profession of faith", there are some hidden economic objectives that cross the whole reform. The simplest example to cite is the survival of a company at the death of its manager. This objective is easily visible; it helps to facilitate the transmission of the economic unit, [...], but also to ensure its management continuity [...]. [...] Further, the dialectics followed by the legislator of the twenty-first century are not only for adaptation of legal norms to contemporary economic realities, but also for promoting these standards as instruments to increase the national economy's competitiveness. Legislation is now conceived as a driving force for the economic situation. [...] Multiplying trade, relaunching growth, enhancing French economic patrimony: these are some of the new values of inheritance regulations, as defined by the law of 23 June 2006. However, is this influence of the economic sphere entirely new or not ? Perhaps, we are dealing with culmination or prolongation of an old phenomenon ? We may indeed think that the legislators have already been concerned with adapting our old French law to the advent of proto-industry, as well as to the development of the trading economy ; in the same sense, it should be noted that, for the most part, the law n° 71-523 of July 3d, 1971 has done nothing more than making an adjustment of the liquidation rules to the monetary fluctuations of the post-war period. Without going further into the details, we can immediately notice how these questions lead us to the present study : a comparative analysis of "economic" and "non-economic" metasources, on the subject of influence of the economic sphere on the inheritance rights in its development since 1804

I Objetivos.- Determinar el valor diagnostico del estudio de Radiorrenograma con Dtpa – Tc99m para estimar la tasa de filtración glomerular en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en el Hospital Central de la Policía Nacional del Perú “Luis N. Sáenz. Diseño: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y de corte transversal. Institución:”; Lima, Perú. Materiales: Historias Clínicas. II Intervenciones.- estudio de historias clínicas de pacientes con una muestra poblacional, no probabilístico. De los cuales por no cumplir con los criterios de inclusión quedaron un total de 34 historias clínicas, siendo estos 20 de sexo masculino y 14 de sexo femenino los cuales se encuentran dentro de un rango de edad, de 25 años a más. La muestra se obtuvo revisando cada historia clínica, estos presentaban un informe de laboratorio con la filtración glomerular y la orden de estudio de Radiorrenograma con DTPA-Tc99m entre el periodo marzo-mayo del 2015. III Principales medidas de resultados.- Sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y negativo del Radiorrenograma con DTPA-Tc99m para la estimación de filtración glomerular. Resultados: con los datos recabados, se calculó el valor diagnostico del Radiorrenograma con DTPA-Tc99m para la estimación de filtración glomerular. La sensibilidad del Radiorrenograma con DTPA-Tc99m es de 69.23% (IC 95%,40.30% al 98.17%); una especificidad de 90.48% (IC 95%, 75.54% al 100%); un valor predictivo positivo de 81.82%( IC 95%,54.48% al 100%) y un valor predictivo negativo de 82.61% (IC 95%,64.94% al100%) para la estimación de filtrado glomerular. IV Conclusiones.- El Radiorrenograma con DTPA-Tc99m es el estudio isotópico adecuado para la estimación de filtración glomerular en la enfermedad renal crónica.
I. Purpose -. To determine the diagnostic value of Radiorrenograma with DTPA-Tc99m studying, to estimate glomerular filtration rate in patients with chronic kidney disease at Central Hospital of the National Police of Peru " Luis N. Sáenz. Design: Observational, descritptive, porspective and cross-sectioanl study. Institution: Central Hospital of the National Police of Peru "Luis N. Sáenz, Lima, Peru. Materials: Medical Records II. interventions.- study of medical records of patients with a sample population, which no probabilistic. Of which not meet the inclusion criteria were a total of 34 medical records, and these 20 males and 14 females who are within an age range of 25 years more The sample was obtained bye reviewing medical recods each, they presented a report of the laboratory test with glomerular flitration and the order of study of Radiorrenograma with DTPA-Tc99m between the period March – may 2015 III. Main outcome measures-. Sentitivity, specificity, positive an negative predictive value of Radiorrenograma with DTPA-Tc99m for estimating glomerular filtration. Results: With the data collected; the diagnostic value of Radiorrenograma with DTPA-Tc99m for estimating glomerular filtration was calculated.Radiorrenograma with DTPA-Tc99m sensitivy is 69.23 % (95% CI, 40.30% to 98.17%); a specificity of 90.48 % (95% CI, 75.54% to 100%); a positive predictive value of 81.82 % (95% CI, 54.48% to 100%) and negative predictive value of 82.61 % (95% CI, 64.94 % al 100%) for estimating glomerular filtration. IV. Conclusions -. The Radiorrenograma with DTPA - Tc99m is right isotopic study for estimating GFR in chronic renal disease. Keywords: Radiorrenograma; DTPA – Tc99m; glomerular filtration; Chronic kidney diseas
Tesis

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Questão muito polémica no âmbito das técnicas de procriação medicamente assistida, nomeadamente no que diz respeito aos problemas ético-jurídicos que levanta, a gestação de substituição foi recentemente regulada, e permitida, ao contrário do que acontecia anteriormente, no ordenamento jurídico português através da alteração à Lei n.º 32/2006, de 26/07 pela Lei n.º 25/2016, de 22/08 e posteriormente regulamentada pelo Decreto Regulamentar n.º 06/2017, de 31/07. O contrato é celebrado entre a gestante de substituição e o casal de beneficiários, assumindo o Conselho Nacional de Procriação Medicamente Assistida as vestes de entidade fiscalizadora.Contudo, é necessário perceber qual o papel ocupado pela criança nascida através do recurso ao contrato de gestação de substituição, e quais as situações em que haverá incumprimento do contrato e os problemas que daí possam resultar, bem como que circunstâncias ditarão a resolução e/ou denúncia do contrato.Questão muito polémica no âmbito das técnicas de procriação medicamente assistida, nomeadamente no que diz respeito aos problemas ético-jurídicos que levanta, a gestação de substituição foi recentemente regulada, e permitida, ao contrário do que acontecia anteriormente, no ordenamento jurídico português através da alteração à Lei n.º 32/2006, de 26/07 pela Lei n.º 25/2016, de 22/08 e posteriormente regulamentada pelo Decreto Regulamentar n.º 06/2017, de 31/07. O contrato é celebrado entre a gestante de substituição e o casal de beneficiários, assumindo o Conselho Nacional de Procriação Medicamente Assistida as vestes de entidade fiscalizadora.Contudo, é necessário perceber qual o papel ocupado pela criança nascida através do recurso ao contrato de gestação de substituição, e quais as situações em que haverá incumprimento do contrato e os problemas que daí possam resultar, bem como que circunstâncias ditarão a resolução e/ou denúncia do contrato.
A very controversial issue amongst the medically assisted procreation techniques, in particular due to the ethical and legal questions it raises is the surrogacy agreement, which has been recently regulated, and allowed, contrary to what happened previously, in the Portuguese legal system through Law n. º 23/2006, from 16/07, Law n. º 25/2016 and later regulated by the Regulatory Decree n. º 06/2017 from 31/07.The contract is concluded between the substitute pregnant woman and the beneficiary couple, as the National Counsel for the Medically Assisted Procreation assumes a supervising role.However, it is necessary do understand the part of the conceived child through the surrogacy agreement, and in which situations there will be a breach of contract and the problems that may result, as well as the circumstances the will dictate the resolution or denunciation of such contract.A very controversial issue amongst the medically assisted procreation techniques, in particular due to the ethical and legal questions it raises is the surrogacy agreement, which has been recently regulated, and allowed, contrary to what happened previously, in the Portuguese legal system through Law n. º 23/2006, from 16/07, Law n. º 25/2016 and later regulated by the Regulatory Decree n. º 06/2017 from 31/07.The contract is concluded between the substitute pregnant woman and the beneficiary couple, as the National Counsel for the Medically Assisted Procreation assumes a supervising role.However, it is necessary do understand the part of the conceived child through the surrogacy agreement, and in which situations there will be a breach of contract and the problems that may result, as well as the circumstances the will dictate the resolution or denunciation of such contract.

Con l’espressione “marketing internazionale” ci si riferisce a quell’insieme di attività adottate dall’impresa al fine di sviluppare o perfezionare la propria presenza sul mercato estero. Oggetto della presente ricerca è l’analisi degli aspetti problematici che tali attività sollevano sul piano giuridico: attraverso un approccio basato sull’integrazione della cultura economica del marketing d’impresa con quella più propriamente giuridica, l’indagine mira ad individuare le fattispecie di marketing rilevanti sotto il profilo giuridico e giuspubblicistico, ad analizzarne i profili che risultano più critici per l’impresa e proporre soluzioni concrete. La ricerca è stata condotta in collaborazione all’azienda Gruppo Meccaniche Luciani, che oltre ad essere un affermato fornitore di stampi per calzature, progetta design innovativi attraverso una sua articolazione organizzativa creativa, denominata Luciani LAB. L’impresa investe molto nell’innovazione, ed in questo senso, particolarmente significativo è stato l’acquisto di una potente stampante 3D, tecnologicamente all’avanguardia, che ha consentito all’azienda di progettare diversi prodotti, tra cui una borsa, realizzarli in prototipazione rapida, e successivamente renderli oggetto di specifiche campagne promozionali, illustrate nel presente lavoro. Viene evidenziato come queste rispecchino la peculiarità dell’approccio al marketing da parte della piccola/media impresa, descritto dalla dottrina maggioritaria come intuitivo ed empirico, distante da quello teorico e strategico del marketing management. La collaborazione con l’impresa partner del progetto ha costituito il riferimento principale per l’elaborazione del metodo con cui condurre la ricerca: l’azienda ha promosso i propri prodotti mediante diverse strumenti di marketing, come inserti pubblicitari su riviste, campagne di e-mail marketing e fiere di settore. Queste attività si distinguono tra esse non solo rispetto alle funzioni, alle differenti modalità con cui vengono impiegate e al pubblico cui si rivolgono, ma anche e soprattutto rispetto alla disciplina giuridica di riferimento: ognuna di esse infatti è regolata da un determinato complesso di regole e solleva questioni che si inseriscono in una specifica cornice giuridica. Al fine di giungere ad una sistematica trattazione dei profili giuridici connessi, si è scelto di classificare le diverse azioni di marketing in tre gruppi: quelle riferite alla comunicazione, quelle inerenti l’aspetto del prodotto e quelle che si riferiscono al cliente Per ognuna di queste aree si individua una precisa questione critica per l’impresa, e se ne trattano i profili problematici dal punto di vista giuridico. In relazione al primo gruppo, ovvero la comunicazione pubblicitaria d’impresa, si evidenziano le criticità connesse alla possibilità di tutelare giuridicamente l’idea creativa alla base del messaggio pubblicitario: si mette in discussione l’efficacia degli strumenti giuridici invocabili a sua tutela, in particolare della disciplina del diritto d’autore, della concorrenza sleale e dell’autodisciplina. Si prende come riferimento principale il contesto italiano, considerando la pluralità degli interessi pubblici, collettivi ed individuali coinvolti. Il secondo profilo d’indagine riguarda la disciplina giuridica riconducibile all’e-mail marketing, uno degli strumenti più diffusi di comunicazione digitale. L’invasività di questo sistema nella sfera personale dei destinatari impone l’adozione di adeguati rimedi da parte delle imprese per evitare di incorrere nella violazione delle disposizioni a tutela della privacy. Si trattano le diverse implicazioni derivanti dall’uso di tale strumento, in particolare quelle riferite al trattamento dei dati personali alla luce della normativa vigente in Italia e nell’Unione Europea, e connesse alle modalità di raccolta degli indirizzi e-mail dei destinatari potenzialmente interessati. Infine, la costante partecipazione alle fiere di settore da parte dell’azienda dimostra quanto l’esteriorità del prodotto costituisca uno strumento di marketing decisivo per la competitività aziendale, dunque grande è l’interesse dell’impresa a che il suo aspetto esteriore venga protetto dall’imitazione dei concorrenti. Il tema giuridico più significativo che lega il processo di marketing al prodotto dell’azienda è proprio la protezione legale del suo aspetto, ovvero la tutela del diritto esclusivo di utilizzarlo, e vietarne l’uso a terzi. L’aspetto di un prodotto può essere oggetto di protezione sulla base di diverse discipline che concorrono tra loro, sia a livello nazionale che sovranazionale, dei disegni e modelli, del marchio di forma, del diritto d’autore e della concorrenza sleale. Si è scelto di concentrare il lavoro, in particolare, sulla prima: si ricostruisce il quadro normativo e l’assetto degli interessi implicati dalla fattispecie, per arrivare ad evidenziare le principali criticità nell’interpretazione delle norme, sia a livello nazionale, che nell’Unione Europea. Si approfondiscono gli orientamenti di dottrina e giurisprudenza di alcune disposizioni chiave per l’applicazione della disciplina, quali gli artt. 6 e 7 del Regolamento CE, n. 6/2002, concernenti rispettivamente il «carattere individuale» e la «divulgazione», i due requisiti fondamentali per ottenere la registrazione e conseguente protezione giuridica del disegno. Tali nozioni sono soggette ad interpretazioni parzialmente difformi da parte dei giudici dei diversi Stati membri, e ciò contribuisce a minare l’applicazione omogenea della disciplina in tutto il territorio UE. In questo senso, viene messo in evidenza il ruolo chiave dell’orientamento della Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione Europea nell’interpretazione di tali concetti, avente l’effetto di uniformare l’approccio degli Stati. La Direttiva 98/71/CE ha introdotto la possibilità di cumulare la protezione conferita all’aspetto del prodotto dalla disciplina dei disegni e modelli con quella riconosciuta dalle altre normative. Tale previsione solleva questioni di rilievo sistematico e concorrenziale: ci si interroga su quali problemi di tipo sistematico e di concorrenza vengano sollevati dal riconoscimento su uno stesso prodotto della protezione sia come disegno che come marchio di forma, e sia come disegno che come opera dell’ingegno. In particolare nell’ambito del diritto dei marchi d’impresa e del diritto d’autore, le tutele hanno durata potenzialmente perpetua, diversamente dalla registrazione come disegno o modello, che garantisce la titolarità del diritto di utilizzare il proprio disegno in via esclusiva per un periodo limitato di massimo 25 anni. Questa differenza temporale rende il cumulo problematico sia a livello di coordinamento, che di concorrenza, poiché incentiva il sorgere di “monopoli creativi” sulle forme del prodotto. Il presente lavoro ha come obiettivo l’ampliamento della conoscenza sul tema del marketing con particolare riferimento ai profili giuridici che si pongono, con riguardo alla promozione del prodotto nell’ambito dell’Unione Europea. Si ritiene che il valore aggiunto e l’aspetto più originale della ricerca consista nella sua forte aderenza alla realtà della piccola/media impresa: tramite l’integrazione della ricerca giuridica e dello studio dei fenomeni di marketing si delineano i problemi pratici che questa si trova a dover affrontare nell’implementazione delle attività quotidiane di marketing. Tale indagine vuole essere utile a tutte le piccole/medie imprese che si trovano impreparate nell’affrontare le sfide poste dal marketing e nel conoscere le implicazioni giuridiche che da questo derivano.

This book, the result of a lengthy labour of cataloguing and research, continues the indexing and recording of the unpublished epistolary material conserved in the Dessí fond, launched in 2003 by Chiara Andrei with the edition of the family correspondence (Firenze, FUP). Now, through 1,900 letters from friends and readers, Francesca Nencioni offers a different and more ample overview of the fundamental stages in the life and works of the writer, focusing above all on the years of his university training in Pisa. Of particular interest is the appendix of carefully annotated unpublished texts, which offers 19 letters from Dessí to friends and scholars, the complete two-way correspondence with Walter Binni, and the letters sent to the friend and disciple of the great historian, Delio Cantimori. Press reviews: 26/10/2009: Dessì e la voce "lontana e bianca" del 1955 12/2009: "L'immaginazione" n. 251

Hayes and Williams’ Family Law, now in its sixth edition, provides critical and case-focused discussion of the key legislation and debates affecting adults and children. The volume takes a critical approach to the subject and includes ‘talking points’ and focused ‘discussion questions’ throughout each chapter which highlight areas of debate or controversy. The introductory chapter within this edition provides a discussion of the law’s understanding of ‘family’ and the extent to which this has changed over time, a detailed overview of the meaning of private and family life within Article 8 of the ECHR, and a discussion of the Family Justice Review and subsequent developments. Part 1 of this edition, supplemented by the ‘Latest Developments’ section, outlines the most up-to-date statistics on the incidence of marriage, civil partnerships and divorce, discusses recent case law on the validity of marriage such as Hayatleh v Mofdy [2017] EWCA Civ 70 and K v K (Nullity: Bigamous Marriage) [2016] EWHC 3380 (Fam), and highlights the recent Supreme Court decision (In the Matter of an Application by Denise Brewster for Judicial Review (Northern Ireland) [2017] 1 WLR 519) on the pension rights of unmarried cohabitants. It also considers the litigation concerning the prohibition of opposite-sex civil partnership registration from the judgment of the Court of Appeal in Steinfeld and Keidan v Secretary of State for Education [2017] EWCA Civ 81 to the important decision of the Supreme Court in R (on the application of Steinfeld and Keidan) (Application) v Secretary of State for International Development (in substitution for the Home Secretary and the Education Secretary) [2018] UKSC 32. This edition also provides an in-depth discussion of the recent Supreme Court decision in Owens v Owens [2018] UKSC 41 regarding the grounds for divorce and includes discussion of Thakkar v Thakkar [2016] EWHC 2488 (Fam) on the divorce procedure. Further, this edition also considers the flurry of cases in the area of financial provision on divorce such as Waggott v Waggott [2018] EWCA Civ 722; TAB v FC (Short Marriage: Needs: Stockpiling) [2016] EWHC 3285; FF v KF [2017] EWHC 1903 (Fam); BD v FD (Financial Remedies: Needs) [2016] EWHC 594 (Fam); Juffali v Juffali [2016] EWHC 1684 (Fam); AAZ v BBZ [2016] EWHC 3234 (Fam); Scatliffe v Scatliffe [2016] UKPC 36; WM v HM [2017] EWFC 25; Hart v Hart [2017] EWCA Civ 1306; Sharp v Sharp [2017] EWCA Civ 408; Work v Gray [2017] EWCA Civ 270, and Birch v Birch [2017] UKSC 53. It also considers the recent decision of the Supreme Court in Mills v Mills [2018] UKSC 38 concerning post-divorce maintenance obligations between former partners, and the Privy Council decision in Marr v Collie [2017] UKPC 17 relating to the joint name purchase by a cohabiting couple of investment property.Part 2 focuses on child law, examining the law on parenthood and parental responsibility, including the parental child support obligation. This edition includes discussion of new case law on provision of child maintenance by way of global financial orders (AB v CD (Jurisdiction: Global Maintenance Orders)[2017] EWHC 3164), new case law and legislative/policy developments on section 54 of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 (parental orders transferring legal parenthood in surrogacy arrangements), and new cases on removing and restricting parental responsibility (Re A and B (Children: Restrictions on Parental Responsibility: Radicalisation and Extremism) [2016] EWFC 40 and Re B and C (Change of Names: Parental Responsibility: Evidence) [2017] EWHC 3250 (Fam)). Orders regulating the exercise of parental responsibility are also examined, and this edition updates the discussion with an account of the new Practice Direction 12J (on contact and domestic abuse), and controversial case law addressing the tension between the paramountcy of the child’s welfare and the protected interests of a parent in the context of a transgender father’s application for contact with his children (Re M (Children) [2017] EWCA Civ 2164). Part 2 also examines the issue of international child abduction, including in this edition the Supreme Court’s latest decision, on the issue of repudiatory retention (Re C (Children) [2018] UKSC 8). In the public law, this edition discusses the Supreme Court’s clarification of the nature and scope of local authority accommodation under section 20 of the Children Act 1989 (Williams v London Borough of Hackney [2018] UKSC 37). In the law of adoption, several new cases involving children who have been relinquished by parents for adoption are examined (Re JL & AO (Babies Relinquished for Adoption),[2016] EWHC 440 (Fam) and see also Re M and N (Twins: Relinquished Babies: Parentage) [2017] EWFC 31, Re TJ (Relinquished Baby: Sibling Contact) [2017] EWFC 6, and Re RA (Baby Relinquished for Adoption: Final Hearing)) [2016] EWFC 47).

AbstractIn this chapter we aim to explore the role that the linguistic landscape (LL) can play in intercultural telecollaborative exchanges. Although research in the field of LL has gained worldwide interest over the last decade and some studies have analyzed its potential for foreign language learning (Cenoz J, Gorter D, Int Rev Appl Linguist Lang Teach 46(3):267–287, 2008; Gorter D, Cenoz J, Knowledge about language and linguistic landscape. In: Hornberger N (ed), Encyclopedia of language and education. Springer Science, Berlin, pp. 1–13, 2007; Dagenais D et al, Linguistic landscape and language awareness. In: Shohamy E, Gorter D (eds), Linguistic landscape: expanding the scenery. Routledge, New York, pp. 253–269, 2009; Gorter D, Ann Rev Appl Linguist 33:190–212, 2013; Malinowski D et al, Language teaching in the linguistic landscape: mobilizing pedagogy in public space. Springer, Berlin, 2020; Niedt G, Seals C (eds) Linguistic landscapes beyond the language classroom. Bloomsbury Academic, New York, 2020; Krompák E et al (eds) Linguistic landscapes and educational spaces. Multilingual Matters, Bristol, 2021; Solmaz O, Przymus S (eds) Linguistic landscapes in English language teaching: a pedagogical guidebook. Available from https://www.llineltproject.com/, 2021), works that analyze its impact for language and culture awareness in telecollaboration are still scarce (Vinagre M, Engaging with difference: integrating the linguistic landscape in virtual exchange. System 105:102750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2022.102750,2022).In order to explore these issues, we organized an exchange between undergraduate students of English at Autónoma University in Madrid (UAM) and undergraduate students of Spanish at Columbia University. Over the course of two and a half months the students worked together and discussed a series of topics relating to each other’s and their own cultures. As a final task they were required to take photos of shops, posters, announcements, and walls in their respective cities that showed how English was used in Madrid and how Spanish was used in New York. Findings suggest that attending to the LL as an activity within a telecollaborative exchange provides an ideal opportunity for learning about language diversity from an intercultural perspective. The project also provided evidence of its potential for the creation of a dialogic third space in which participants negotiated their cultural identities.

AbstractOrogenic gold deposits formed in various terranes of most ages since the Paleoarchean and generally consist of quartz veins hosted in shear zones formed at the ductile brittle transition under greenschist to lower amphibolite metamorphic conditions. Vein mineralogy is dominated by quartz with various amounts of silicates, carbonates, phyllosilicates, borates, tungstates, sulfides, and oxides. The isotopic composition of these minerals and fluid inclusions has been investigated since the 1960s to constrain the characteristics of orogenic fluid systems involved in the formation of gold deposits worldwide. This review is based on 8580 stable isotope analyses, including δ18O, δD, δ13C, δ34S δ15N, δ11B, and δ30Si values, from 5478 samples from 558 orogenic gold deposits reported in the literature from 1960 to 2010. This contribution describes the variability of the light stable isotopic systems as function of the minerals, the age of the deposits, their regional setting, and their country rocks. The temperature of isotopic equilibrium of orogenic gold veins is estimated from mineral pairs for oxygen and sulfur isotopes. Based on these temperatures, and on fractionation between mineral and fluid components (H2O, CO2 and H2S), the isotopic composition of fluids is estimated to better constrain the main parameters shared by most of auriferous orogenic fluid systems. Orogenic gold deposits display similar isotopic features through time, suggesting that fluid conditions and sources leading to the formation of orogenic gold deposits did not change significantly from the Archean to the Cenozoic. No consistent secular variations of mineral isotope composition for oxygen (−8.1‰ ≤ δ18O ≤ 33‰, n = 4011), hydrogen (−187‰ ≤ δD ≤ −4‰, n = 246), carbon (−26.7‰ ≤ δ13C ≤ 12.3‰, n = 1179), boron (−21.6‰ ≤ δ11B ≤ 9‰, n = 119), and silicon (−0.5‰ ≤ δ30Si ≤ 0.8‰, n = 33) are documented. Only nitrogen (1.6‰ ≤ δ15N ≤ 23.7‰, n = 258) and sulfide sulfur from deposits hosted in sedimentary rocks (−27.2‰ ≤ δ34S ≤ 25‰, n = 717) display secular variations. For nitrogen, the change in composition is interpreted to record the variation of δ15N values of sediments devolatilized during metamorphism. For sulfur, secular variations reflect incorporation of local sedimentary sulfur of ultimate seawater origin. No significant variation of temperature of vein formation is documented for orogenic gold deposits of different ages. Quartz-silicate, quartz-carbonate and sulfide-sulfide mineral pairs display consistent temperatures of 360 ± 76 °C (1σ; n = 332), in agreement with the more common greenschist facies hostrocks and fluid inclusion microthermometry. Fluid sources for orogenic gold deposits are complex but the isotopic systems (hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur) are most consistent with contributions from metamorphic fluids released by devolatilization of igneous, volcano-sedimentary and/or sedimentary rocks. The contribution of magmatic water exsolved from magma during crystallization is not a necessary component, even if permissible in specific cases. Isotopic data arrays can be interpreted as the result of fluid mixing between a high T (~550 °C)—high δ18O (~10‰)—low δD (~−60‰) deep-seated (metamorphic) fluid reservoir and a low T (~200 °C)—low δ18O (~2‰)—high δD (~0‰) upper crustal fluid reservoir in a number of orogenic gold deposits. The origin of the upper crustal fluid is most likely sea- or meteoric water filling the host rock porosity, with a long history of water–rock isotope exchange. Mixing of deep-seated and upper crustal fluids also explains the large variation of tourmaline δ11B values from orogenic gold veins. Regional spatial variations of oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of deep-seated fluid reservoirs are documented between orogenic gold districts. This is the case for the Val-d’Or (Abitibi), Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie (Yilgarn) where the oxygen isotope composition of the deep-seated fluid end-member is 4‰ lower compared to that from the Timmins, Larder Lake, and Kirkland Lake districts (Abitibi). However, both mixing trends converge towards a common, low δ18O upper crustal fluid end-member. Such variations cannot be related to fluid buffering at the site of deposition and suggest provinciality of the fluid source. The contribution of meteoric water is mainly recorded by fluid inclusions from Mesozoic and Cenozoic age deposits, but micas are not systematically in isotopic equilibrium with fluid inclusions trapped in quartz from the same vein. This suggests late involvement of meteoric water unrelated to deposit formation. Yet, a number of deposits with low δD mica may record infiltration of meteoric water in orogenic gold deposits. Isotope exchange between mineralizing fluid and country rocks is documented for oxygen, carbon, sulfur and silicon isotopes. Large variations (> 10‰) of sulfide δ34S values at the deposit scale are likely related to evolving redox conditions of the mineralizing fluid during reaction with country rocks. Deposits hosted in sedimentary rocks show a shift to higher δ18O values as a result of fluid/rock oxygen exchange with the regional sedimentary country rocks.

The term immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgA nephropathy or IgA N) refers to a primary glomerular disease characterized by the dominant or co-dominant, diffuse, and generalized mesangial deposition of IgA, often accompanied by deposition of IgG and the C3 component of complement in a similar distribution (Donadio and Grande, 2004; Barratt and Feehally, 2005; Tomino, 2007; Glassock, 2008; Lai, 2008). In the past, it has also been referred to as Berger's disease, to signify the senior author of the original publication describing the disorder that first appeared more than 4 decades ago in September of 1968 (Berger and Hinglais, 1968). IgA N is most likely the commonest primary glomerular disease in the developed world (D’Amico, 1987). The disease is characterized principally by episodic glomerular hematuria often with persistent proteinuria of a variable degree. It usually runs an indolent course, but may lead to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in about 30–50% of cases after 25 years or more of follow-up.

Abstract The Directive 2004/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of April 21, 2004, on takeover bids (The Takeover Directive or the Directive) was implemented in France by law n° 2006-387 dated March 31, 2006, which triggered an amendment of the General Regulation of the Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF), effective as of September 2006.

Abstract Though the Manichaean Parthian suffix -yft[-I: ft] has long been recognized as functionally equivalent and etymologically cognate with Middle Persian -ih, its derivation from *-iya-θwa-has been seen as problematic. A hundred years ago Carl Salemann (ap. Müller 1904: 34 n. 1) apparently took it for granted that -ftis a direct outcome of Old Iranian *-θw-, and this view has been accepted by Wolfgang Lentz (1926: 253) and Philip Huyse (2003: 85 n. 125), both of whom refer to the development as a ‘metathesis’.

Nos últimos anos, mesmo com a implementação de maiores cuidados com a qualidade da água na avicultura brasileira, ainda há espaço para melhorias. Na avicultura, independente da finalidade, deve-se dar à água a mesma importância dispensada a outros fatores e processos de produção como, instalações, alimentação e manejo. Objetivo: Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade da água em granjas de corte comercial da Ilha do Maranhão e comparar os resultados a parâmetros estabelecidos pelo Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) e Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Métodos: Como universo populacional da pesquisa foram avaliadas seis criações avícolas de corte com finalidade comercial (Gallus gallus domesticus) localizada da Ilha do Maranhão. Para isso, foram realizadas coletas em diferentes pontos de distribuição, totalizando 17 amostras de água nas seis criações amostradas. Essas foram colhidas de forma asséptica em bolsas plásticas estéreis, com capacidade de 500 mL. Após as coletas, as amostras foram acondicionadas em caixas isotérmicas e transportadas imediatamente ao laboratório para realização das análises químicas (sólidos dissolvidos totais [SDT], pH, dureza total, cloretos, nitrato e sulfato) e bacteriológicas (Escherichia coli). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados a Resolução n. 357, de 17 de março de 2005 do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) e o Ofício Circular Conjunto DFIP/DSA nº 1/2008 do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Resultados: Na análise dos parâmetros SDT, dureza, cloretos e sulfatos, todas as amostras analisadas estavam adequadas às exigências de ambas as legislações utilizadas neste trabalho para fins comparativos. Já, 64,70% (n= 11/2017) e 17,64% (n= 3/17) estavam em desconformidade para os parâmetros químicos pH e nitrato, respectivamente. Quanto ao parâmetro bacteriológico E. coli, 11,75% (n= 2/17) estavam não conformes quando comparadas ao Ofício Circular Conjunto DFIP/DSA nº 1/2008. Conclusão: A água ideal a ser utilizada na avicultura não deve conter níveis maiores que 500 mg/L de SDT e o pH deve estar entre 6 a 9. A dureza total deve ser inferior a 110 mg/L de CaCO3. Os níveis de cloreto e nitrato devem ser inferiores a 250 e 10 mg/L, respectivamente. Os níveis de sulfatos não devem ser superiores a 250 mg/L. A E. coli, parâmetro bacteriológico, deve estar ausente. Considerando esses parâmetros individuais ou em conjunto, 76,47% (n= 13/17) das amostras estavam inadequadas para a dessedentação de aves o que pode influenciar em atividades rotineiras nas granjas (vacinação, aplicação de medicamentos via oral e lavagem e desinfecção de instalações), além da redução da produtividade e ocorrência de doenças.

Objetivo: avaliar a adequação dos rótulos de produtos diet e light, comercializados em Vitória, ES, frente à legislação e sua influência nas escolhas do consumidor. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo observacional descritivo, que confrontou as informações dos rótulos de 35 produtos (18 diet e 17 light), de 2 a 3 marcas (mais cara, intermediária e mais barata) com a legislação. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se uma lista de verificação eletrônica. Quanto à compreensão do consumidor sobre os rótulos e a influência na sua escolha, aplicou-se um questionário online, contendo questões sobre aspectos socioeconômicos e comportamentais. Os resultados foram expressos por estimativa de frequência. Resultados: Dos produtos analisados, independentemente da categoria de preço das marcas, 5 (14,3%) estavam em conformidade com a Portaria N° 29/1998, 20 (57,1%), adequados à RDC N° 259/2002 e 7 (20,0%), totalmente conforme à RDC N° 54/2012. Com relação à RDC nº 259/2002, a frequência de conformidade variou pouco entre marcas mais caras (74,9%) e mais baratas (71,4%). Para os 64 consumidores, que participaram desse estudo, as informações dos rótulos foram apontadas como fator primordial na escolha de produtos (21,9%), embora tenha sido evidenciada a dificuldade em compreendê-las (87,5%). Conclusão: Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que o atendimento ao exigido pela legislação, quanto à rotulagem de alimentos, ainda é falho, sendo que as inconformidades podem induzir o consumidor a interpretações e escolhas equivocadas.

Karl A. Scheidt of Northwestern University described (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 1651) the oxidation of primary alcohols such as 1 in the presence of an indole 2. The product 3, an active acylating agent, is readily converted to other esters and amides. K. Rajender Reddy of the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, developed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 2050) a protocol for the direct oxidation of a primary amine 4 to the corresponding nitrile 5. In the presence of ammonia, the same procedure converted aldehydes and primary alcohols into the nitriles. Several catalytic methods for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones have recently been put forward. René Grée of the Université de Rennes 1 found ( Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1493) that ZnBr2 catalyzed the oxidation of alcohols with diethyl azodicarboxylate. Tsutomu Katsuki of Kyushu University designed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 3432) a Ru catalyst for the air oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. Kazuaki Ishihara of Nagoya University showed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 251) that 1 mol % of 10 was sufficient to catalyze the oxidation of 6 to 7. With excess oxidant, 7 was carried on cleanly to 11. Nitroxyl radicals such as TEMPO have long been used to catalyze oxidations. Yoshiharu Iwabuchi of Tohoku University developed (J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 4619) a simple preparation of 13 , the most efficient such catalyst reported so far. This catalyst should also be useful for the oxidation reported by Professor Iwabuchi (Chem. Commun. 2009, 1739) of primary alcohols and aldehydes to the corresponding carboxylic acids. David S. Forbes of the University of South Alabama prepared (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 1855) 16 by combining thioanisole with N-bromosuccinimide. The reagent 16 efficiently sulfenylated active methylene compounds. Jiri Srogl of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic established (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 843) conditions for the oxidation of primary and secondary amines to aldehydes and ketones. Olga A. Ivanova of Moscow State University demonstrated (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 2793) that DMDO 21 could oxidize a sensitive amino cyclopropane such as 20 to the corresponding nitro compound.

Ryoichi Kuwano of Kyushu University showed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 808) that diastereomerically and enantiomerically pure pyrollidines such as 2 could be prepared by hydrogenation of the corresponding pyrrole. Victor S. Martín of Universidad de la Laguna found (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 2349) that the stereochemical outcome of the pyrrolidine-forming Nicholas cyclization could be directed by the protecting group on the N. Jianbo Wang of Peking University established (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 1971) a convenient route to diazo esters such as 6. N-H insertion led to the pyrrolidine, which Zhen-Jiang Xu of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chi-Ming Che of the University of Hong Kong showed (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 1529) could be reduced with high diastereoselectivity to the hydroxy ester 7. Alternatively, Professor Wang found that photochemical Wolff rearrangement of 6 delivered the pyrrolidone 8 . Martin J. Slater and Shiping Xie of GlaxoSmithKline optimized (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 3094) the hydroquinine catalyzed enantioselective 3+2 cycloaddition of 9 and 10, leading to the pyrrolidine 11 with high diastereocontrol. Shu Kobayashi of the University of Tokyo developed (Adv. Synth. Cat. 2008, 350, 647) a practical protocol for the aza Diels-Alder construction of enantiomerically-pure piperidines such as 14 . Biao Yu of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry cyclized (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 672) the product from the proline-catalyzed enantioselective aldol of 15 and 16, leading to the substituted piperidine 17 . Michael Shipman of the University of Warwick described (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 250) the cyclization of the aziridine derived from 18, that proceeded to give 19 as a single diastereomer, apparently via kinetic side-chain protonation. Takeo Kawabata of Kyoto University found (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 4153) that intramolecular alkylation to form four, five and six-membered rings from amino esters such as 21 proceeded with remarkable enantioretention. Géraldine Masson and Jieping Zhu of CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, condensed (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 1509) cinnamaldehyde 23 with cyanide and an ω-alkenyl amine to give the intramolecular aza-Diels-Alder substrate 24. Hongbin Zhai of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry acylated (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 3589) 26 with 27, leading to the ring-closing metathesis precursor 28.

The World Health Organisation has recently declared sepsis a global medical emergency. Obtaining quality data to establish the evidence on how clinicians recognise, diagnose, and treat sepsis is still a challenge. This feasibility study aimed to utilise routinely collected data from electronic health records (EHR) to assess the sepsis inpatient care pathway. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study which included all patients admitted to a private teaching hospital between 2015 and 2018. De-identified patient demographic and clinical data were extracted and analysed. A total of 47 sepsis patients were identified based on diagnoses recorded and a review of clinical notes. A surgical procedure was conducted on more than half of these patients (n=25, 53%). Nearly two-thirds were given antibiotics (n=30, 64%), of which 87% (n=26) were administered within 2-hours of sepsis diagnosis. Eighteen patients were admitted to ICU and 13 of them were diagnosed as septic in ICU. We identified some aspects of EHR data that could be improved. Overall, routinely collected data from clinical information systems provides rich information to assess the sepsis patient care pathway.

AUTHORS: Prof. PhD Sabina MACOVEI1, Assist. Lecturer PhD Student Leonard ACASANDREI1, PhD Student Mariana MEZEI1 National University of Physical Education and Sports, Bucharest Introduction Computerized baropodometry represents a technique specialized in the analysis of the distribution and measurement of plantar pressure exerted by different somatic structures, through an electronic recording platform. Determinant for the foot mechanics study, it provides objective data related to the body center of gravity distribution and, implicitly, to the possible dysfunctions at the spinal column level. Purpose Relying on some case studies, the present paper aims at using the electronic baropodometry, as an efficient modality to objectify the vertebral column dysfunctions in performance girl gymnasts, by considering their high incidence in this sports branch, with negative effects on the quality of life. Content In our study, we used the FootscanSystem device (developed by the Belgian Company "RSscan International") based on the Footscan Software 7.97 Gait 2nd Generation, to determine the plantar pressure distributions in the bipodal static situation and during the gate support phase. We conducted our research at "Dr. Nicolae Rob&#259;nescu" National Medical Center for Children's Rehabilitation in Bucharest and our subjects were the girl gymnasts from the Sports Club of UNEFS Bucharest. Conclusions Electronic baropodometry represents a unique and accurate evaluation tool that can be used to identify the forefoot or the rear-foot plantar pressure distribution, the maximum pressure points, the forefoot deviation tendency in supination or pronation, the way in which the center of gravity is distributed on each foot, as well as the association of some pathologies such as the spinal column dysfunctions or imbalances at the pelvis level. References 1. Capelle, P., 2001, Exploraci&oacute;n cl&iacute;nica elemental en podolog&iacute;a, Enciclopedia Médico Quir&uacute;rgica Elsevier SAS, Paris,1-5; 26-161-A-12. 2. Epuran, M., 2005, Metodologia cercet&#259;rii activit&#259;&#355;ilor corporale, Edi&#355;ia a II-a, Editura Fest, Bucure&#351;ti. 3. Libotte, M., 2001, Podoscopia electr&oacute;nica, Enciclopedia Médico Quir&uacute;rgica Elsevier SAS, Par&iacute;s 1-5; 26-161-A-13. 4. Macovei S., Acasandrei L., 2012, Theoretical and methodical considerations regarding the spine imbalances in different sports disciplines, XIIth International scientific conference Perspectives in physical education and sport, 19 May 2012, Constanta. 5. Martinez, A.P., 2005, Anomal&iacute;as baropodometricas en jugadores de baloncesto de elite, Archivos de medicina del deporte, Volumen XXII, Numero 107, pag. 177-185. 6. Navarro N. E., 2002, Lesiones deportivas en el aer&oacute;bic de competici&oacute;n, Revista Apunts: Medicina de l esport, Numero 139, pag. 31-37. 7. Padilla, A. H., 2006, Uso de la baropodometria, Revista MedigraphicArtemisa, Volumen 2, Numero 4, Octubre-Deciembre, pag. 256-261. 8. Rodriguez Fernandez, R., 2009, Baropodometr&iacute;a Electr&oacute;nica, Revista de investigaci&oacute;n, tecnica y educativa, Nr. 9, ISSN: 1989-354X, Deposito Legal: SE 545-2009.

ЦЕЛЬ: изучить особенности уровней адипоцитокинов (адипонектин, лептин, адипсин, интерлейкин-6 (ИЛ-6), фактор некроза опухоли α (ФНОα)) у женщин 25-44 лет с разными метаболическими фенотипами. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в 2013–2016 гг. в Новосибирске в ходе одномоментного одноцентрового ис- следования была обследована случайная городская популяционная выборка мужчин и женщин 25–44 лет (n=1512, из них 840 женщин), в анализ включены показатели 655 женщин. В каждой группе изучались ме- таболически здоровый фенотип (МЗФ) и метаболически нездоровый фенотип (МНЗФ). Для оценки метабо- лического здоровья использованы критерии Международной Федерации Диабета (IDF), 2005 года для диа- гностики метаболического синдрома (МС). Методом мультиплексного анализа с использованием панелей Human Metabolic Hormone V3 (MILLIPLEX) и Human Adipokine Panel 1, на проточном флуориметре Luminex MAGPIX определяли уровни ИЛ-6 (n=256), ФНОα (n=365), адипонектина (n=187), адипсина (n=368) и лептина (n=370). Статистическая обработка проведена с помощью пакета программ SPSS (v. 13.0). Адипоцитокины распределены ненормально, поэтому данные представлены в виде Ме [25;75], где МЕ – медиана, [25;75] – процентили. Сравнение двух независимых групп по количественным признакам с ненормальным рас- пределением произведено с помощью непараметрического критерия Манна-Уитни. При сравнении трех и более независимых групп использовался критерий Краскела-Уоллиса. Различия считались статистически значимыми при p<0,05, очень значимыми при p≤0,01, высоко значимыми при p≤0,001. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: обследовано 655 женщин, средний возраст 36,3±5,4 лет, сред- ний ИМТ 25,0±5,7 кг/м2. В обследованной выборке медиана адипонектина составила 83,4 [37,4; 120,8] мкг/мл, лептина – 11,8 [5,6; 19,6] нг/мл, адипсина - 24,9 [8,6; 33,2] мкг/мл, ИЛ-6 - 6,9 [1,3; 14,7] пг/мл, ФНОα - 13,1 [3,7; 24,4] пг/мл. Медиана лептина в группе МЗФ в 1,9 раз ниже, чем в группе МНЗФ - 10,2 [4,4; 16,9] нг/мл против 19,1 [10,9; 28,0] нг/мл (р<0,0001). Медианы адипсина и адипонектина в сравниваемых группах не отличались (24,8 [8,1; 33,2] и 25,9 [10,0; 33,2] мкг/мл (р=0,534), и 79,5 [37,5; 139,2] и 87,7 [36,3; 118,5] мкг/мл (р=0,642), соответственно. Медиана ИЛ-6 у женщин с МЗФ значимо ниже, чем в группе с МНЗФ - 6,9 [1,2; 12,4] и 11,7 [2,2; 18,7] пг/мл соответственно (р=0,007), медиана ФНОα также ниже в группе МЗФ- 12,7 [3,2; 23,6] пг/мл против 13,8 [4,5; 27,3] пг/мл соответственно (р=0,044). ВЫВОДЫ: в популяционной выборке женщин 25-44 лет г. Новосибирска метаболически нездоровые женщины уже имеют более высокие показатели лептина и провоспалительных цитокинов (ИЛ-6, ФНОα), чем метаболически здоровые. Значения адипонектина и адипсина не отличались в исследуемых группах. ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЕ: бюджетная тема «Эпидемиологический мониторинг состояния здоровья населе- ния и изучение молекулярно-генетических и молекулярно-биологических механизмов развития распро- страненных терапевтических заболеваний в Сибири для совершенствования подходов к их диагностике, профилактике и лечению» (Рег. № 122031700094-5).

ЦЕЛЬ: изучить риск развития сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2) у мужчин и женщин с разными фенотипами ожирения, в возрастном диапазоне 45-69 лет, за 12-летний период наблюдения. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: в исследование включены 2498 человек, мужчины – 589 (23,5%), женщи- ны – 1909 (76,5%), с индексом массы тела (ИМТ) ≥ 30 кг/м² и не имеющих СД2, из числа обследованных на базовом скрининге в 2003–2005 гг. проекта HAPPIE. Новые случаи СД2 диагностировались в период с 2003 по 2018 г. по данным регистра СД и повторных скринингов. Исключены лица с СД2 в анамнезе (n=699). Для выделения метаболически здорового фенотипа ожирения (МЗФО) использованы критерии NCEP ATP III (2001 г.) и IDF (2005 г.). Сформированы мультивариантные модели, где были объединены со- циально-поведенческие факторы риска и фенотипы ожирения. В модели включались следующие пере- менные: комплекс МЗФО vs метаболически нездорового фенотипа ожирения (МНЗФО); табакокурение; образование; семейный статус; употребление алкоголя и занятия спортом. Средний период наблюдения 12,1±3,09. Статистический анализ проведен с помощью пакета статистических программ SPSS 13.0 for Windows (1 Sep. 2004). РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: за период наблюдения у 543 человек развился СД2: у 141 (7,2%) мужчин и у 404 (20,6%) женщин. Обнаружено, что на момент 1-го скрининга (2003–2005 гг.) метаболически здоровые лица по кри- териям NCEP ATP III, 2001 в 1,9% (n=25) случаев уже имели диагностированный СД2, в то время как у метабо- лически нездоровых лиц, распространенность имеющегося СД2 была в несколько раз выше и составляла 28,7% (n=531) человек. Выявлено, что риск развития СД2 в среднем в 2,2 раза выше у мужчин и женщин с МНЗФО по сравнению с МЗФО по всем исследуемым классификациям (р<0,001). При этом показано, что потребление этанола <30 грамм по сравнению с большим количеством потребления этанола (≥30 грамм), снижает риск развития СД2 у мужчин (ОШ=0,6; 95%ДИ: 0,4–0,9; р=0,04). Других ассоциаций в мужской выборке не выявлено. У женщин дополнительно увеличивает шанс развития СД2 в 1,3 раза средний уро- вень образования по сравнению с высшим, по всем используемым классификациям (р<0,05). Кроме того, показано, что риск развития СД2 увеличивается прямо пропорционально количеству компонентов МС, так в присутствии 3 компонентов МС имеется тенденция риска развития СД2 (ОШ=3,0; 95%ДИ:0,98–9,6; р=0,053), а при присоединении 4-го компонента риск достоверно увеличивается (ОШ=4,34; 95%ДИ:1,3–13,7; р=0,012), наличие 5 компонентов МС демонстрирует увеличение риска развития СД2 в 6,1 раза, (р=0,002). Хотя лицах без АО демонстрируют отсутствие риска развития СД2, несмотря на увеличение числа компо- нентов МС (р≥0,05). ВЫВОДЫ: у лиц с МЗФО (по всем изучаемым критериям) риск развития СД2 вдвое ниже по сравнению с МНЗФО. Среди лиц с МЗФО риск развития СД2 увеличивается в 2 раза, если одним из критериев МЗФО является ОТ≥102 см у мужчин, и ОТ≥88 см у женщин по сравнению с лицами без абдоминального ожирения.

Introduction: Locally advanced carcinoma cervix includes stages IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IVA. Interstitial brachytherapy has the potential to deliver adequate dose to lateral parametrium and to vagina. Hence, it is preferable in cases with distorted anatomy, extensive (lower) vaginal wall involvement, bulky residual disease post EBRT and parametrium involvement upto lateral pelvic wall. Aim and Objective: To determine clinical outcome and complications (acute and chronic) in locally advanced carcinoma cervix, treated with interstitial brachytherapy using template (MUPIT - Martinez universal perineal interstitial template). Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 37 cases of locally advanced carcinoma cervix (stage IIB-2, IIIB-30, IVA-5), treated with EBRT (dose-median 45Gy/25#) ± concurrent chemotherapy (CCT) - Inj. Cisplatin/Inj Carboplatin, followed by interstitial brachytherapy using MUPIT from December 2009 to June 2015. Initial treatment with EBRT ± CCT was followed by intertstitial brachytherapy. Under spinal anaesthesia and epidural analgesia, MUPIT application was done. Straight and divergent needles (median 26, range 19-29) were inserted to cover parametrium adequately. Needle position was verified with planning CT scan and Brachytherapy planning was done. Dose was normalized to 5 mm box surface from outermost needle with optimization of dose to OAR (Bladder, Rectum and Sigmoid colon). Prescription dose –25Gy in 5#. Treatment was delivered by Microselectron HDR using Ir192 source. Treatment fractions were delivered twice daily with min 6 Hrs. gap in-between fractions. Results: The median duration of follow-up was 25 months. Local control was achieved in 28 patients with residual disease in 7 patients and local recurrence in 2 patients. 10 patients had acute lower GI toxicity {Grade1 (n=6), Grade 2 (n=4)}, 2 patients had acute Grade 1 bladder toxicity. 1 patient had grade 3 and 1 patient had grade 4 chronic bladder toxicity. Chronic rectal toxicity was seen in 10 patients {Grade 2 (n=4), Grade 3 (n=4), Grade 4 (n=2)}. Conclusion: Local control was achieved in 28/37 patients (75.6%) and overall survival rate of 81.1% at median follow up of 25 months in patients with locally advanced carcinoma cervix and unfavorable prognostic factors.

"Bonding represents an emotional tie that one experiences towards one´s own child. There are several instruments to measure the level and quality of bonding. Among them we chose and translated the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire by Brockington et al. (2001) into Slovak language. The aim of this study was to analyse its psychometric qualities. Our non-clinical sample consisted of women (N= 372) 18 and 44 years (M= 29.74; SD= 5.25) who recently gave birth in Slovakian hospitals. Data collection was carried out from September 2015 until March 2018. Participants filled the Postpartum bonding questionnaire by Brockington et al. (2001) and some of them other three tools: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale by Cox, Holgen and Sagovsky (1987), Depression Anxiety Stress scale-42 (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995) and Parental Stress Scale (Berry & Jones, 1995). The distributions of the items of the bonding were mostly skewed and leptokurtic. Internal consistency is high for the overall Lack of Bonding (?= .897) and varies in factors- ?= .820 for Impaired Bonding, ?= .779 for Rejection and Anger, ?= .506 for Anxiety about Care and ?= .321 for Risk of Abuse. In order to prove convergent validity, we correlated overall Lack of Bonding with depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, rs= .251, Depression Anxiety Stress scale-42 depression rs=.404; n=79), stress and anxiety (Depression Anxiety Stress scale-42, stress rs=.392; anxiety rs=.496; n=79) and parental stress (Parental Stress Scale score; rs= .674, n=99). We did not confirm original factor structure via confirmatory factor analysis using principal axis factoring with oblimine rotation. Then, we used principal component analysis with varimax rotation method to reduce the items. 6 components were extracted. Component 1 was comprised of 15 items that explained 35,6 % of the variance with loadings from .306 to .733. Hence, we proposed new item-structure for the Slovak PBQ. We concluded that the Slovak version of the PBQ proved to have good overall reliability. We found evidences for the convergent validity with parental stress, anxiety, stress, and partly depression, because there were two different results. We also suggest creating a shorter version based on the analysis. Among limits we can see tools used for validity evidence and sample without participants for clinical population. We advise to use the Slovak version of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire as a tool to measure bonding in a research context and to use overall summary index (Lack of Bonding) instead of factors."

Introdução: A reincidência da gravidez na adolescência é caracterizada como uma nova gestação na mesma faixa etária e tem-se tornado fator preocupante pelo impacto na vida das adolescentes, com sobrecarga psicológica, financeira e emocional. Objetivo: Descrever os fatores associados à reincidência da gravidez em relação à idade materna. Método: Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, com desenho transversal, realizado por busca no banco de dados no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), utilizando informações do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC). O estudo incluiu todas as gestantes entre 10 e 19 anos que tiveram nascidos vivos (NV) nos anos de 2015 a 2019 (n=2.221.773). As gestantes que reengravidaram foram separadas em: grupo 1, de 10 a 14 anos (n=5.123), e grupo 2, de 15 a 19 anos (n=586.966). A análise foi feita pelo programa Epi-Info 3.5.4. Resultados: A reincidência global manteve-se estável ao longo dos anos (aproximadamente 30%), estando entre 4,3 e 4,8% no grupo 1 e entre 25 e 26% no grupo 2. Neste, a repetição da gravidez por duas ou mais vezes foi de 5%, e naquele foi mais rara. No grupo 1, 79,6% das primigestas eram solteiras, 19,1% eram casadas ou em união consensual e 63,6% apresentavam escolaridade menor do que oito anos. Entre as secundigestas, 66,9% eram solteiras, 31,1% casadas e 73,3% tinham menos de oito anos de escolaridade. No grupo 2, das primigestas, 67,3% eram solteiras, 31,6% casadas ou em união consensual e 22,7% estudaram por menos de oito anos. Já nas secundigestas, 60,1% eram solteiras e 38,4% casadas ou unidas. Nestas, a escolaridade baixa fez-se presente em 38,0% dos casos. Ser casada aumentou em 96% a chance de a gravidez reincidir no grupo 1 (p<0,001; odds ratio — OR=1,96, intervalo de confiança — IC95% 1,85-2,09). No grupo 2, a chance de reincidência entre as casadas aumentou 40% (p<0,001; OR=1,40, IC95% 1,39-1,41). No mesmo grupo, as mulheres com menos de oito anos de escolaridade tinham mais do que o dobro da chance de reincidência (p<0,001; OR=2,37, IC95% 2,35-2,38). Já as adolescentes do grupo 1 com menos de oito anos de escolaridade apresentaram 64% a mais de chance de reincidência (p<0,001; OR=1,64 IC95% 1,53-1,75). Conclusão: A reincidência da gravidez no Brasil mantém-se muito elevada ao longo dos anos, havendo até mesmo a sua repetição por mais de uma vez durante a adolescência no grupo de 15-19 anos. Há associação entre a baixa escolaridade e o casamento precoce com a reincidência de gravidez na adolescência.

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study focused on occupant responses in very large pickup trucks in rollovers and was conducted in three phases.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Phase 1 - Field data analysis: In a prior study [<span class="xref">9</span>], 1998 to 2020 FARS data were analyzed; Pickup truck drivers with fatality were 7.4 kg heavier and 4.6 cm taller than passenger car drivers. Most pickup truck drivers were males. Phase 1 extended the study by focusing on the drivers of very large pickup trucks. The size of 1999-2016 Ford F-250 and F-350 drivers involved in fatal crashes was analyzed by age and sex. More than 90% of drivers were males. The average male driver was 179.5 ± 7.5 cm tall and weighed 89.6 ± 18.4 kg.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Phase 2 – Surrogate study: Twenty-nine male surrogates were selected to represent the average size of male drivers of F-250 and F-350s involved in fatal crashes. On average, the volunteers weighed 88.6 ± 5.2 kg and were 180.0 ± 3.2 cm tall with a 95.2 ± 2.2 cm seated height. The volunteers were lap-shoulder belted in the driver seat of a 2002 Ford F-250 crew cab. The head-to-roof clearance was 12.8 ± 1.1 cm. It was 1.0 ± 0.6 cm once the vehicle was statically inverted.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Phase 3 – Drop tests: Three drop tests were conducted using 2002 Ford F-250 crew cab pickups. An instrumented 50th Hybrid III ATD was lap-shoulder belted in the driver seat. The ATD was modified by increasing the seated height by 5 cm, from 88 to 93 cm, to represent the average driver of very large pickups. Biomechanical responses were assessed. All were below Injury Assessment Reference Value (IARV) except for upper and lower neck. The effect of roof/pillar deformation on occupant responses was analyzed by varying the vehicle weight (3147 kg in production test v 1502 kg in the buck test) and roof/pillar strength (production v roll caged). The test data and videos were reviewed to identify time coinciding with ground contact, head-to-roof contact, peak biomechanical responses, and maximum deformation. Upper neck compression was -7,426 N in the production test; it was -8.339 N in the buck test and -7,549 N in the roll caged tests. The loads occurred at about 25 msec in all tests. Maximum roof/pillar deformation occurred 150 ms later in the production test.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Conclusion: Peak neck compressions were similar in the three tests and occurred shortly after initial head contact and prior to significant roof/pillar deformation. Neck injury responses resulted from torso augmentation and were independent of roof system deformation.</div></div>

In the Common Eider Somateria mollissima, only females incubate the clutch over a period of 25–28 days. Determining their schedule of nest absence, how long they are away, how often, and where they go can be problematic. They must also avoid nest predation while tending to their own needs. We used geolocators to investigate the behavior of incubating females on forested islands in Dolgaya Guba Bay (65°03′N, 035°47′E), White Sea, Russia. Data were obtained for 12 females: three in 2015 and 2016, four in 2017, and two in 2018. During the entire incubation period, females left their nests for the sea 12–28 times. The average duration at sea was 331.0 ± 53.8 min, including 261.1 ± 47.9 min during the darkest hours in otherwise 24-hour daylight. The patterns are similar to those of eiders nesting in lower, nonpolar latitudes, where nights are dark.

To cause disease, plant viruses must replicate and spread locally and systemically within the host. Cell-to-cell virus spread is mediated by virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which modify the structure and function of plasmodesmata (Pd), trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels that interconnect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) employ a single MP for cell- cell spread and for which CP is not required. The PIs, Beachy (USA) and Epel (Israel) and co-workers, developed new tools and approaches for study of the mechanism of spread of TMV that lead to a partial identification and molecular characterization of the cellular machinery involved in the trafficking process. Original research objectives: Based on our data and those of others, we proposed a working model of plant viral spread. Our model stated that MPᵀᴹⱽ, an integral ER membrane protein with its C-terminus exposed to the cytoplasm (Reichel and Beachy, 1998), alters the Pd SEL, causes the Pd cytoplasmic annulus to dilate (Wolf et al., 1989), allowing ER to glide through Pd and that this gliding is cytoskeleton mediated. The model claimed that in absence of MP, the ER in Pd (the desmotubule) is stationary, i.e. does not move through the Pd. Based on this model we designed a series of experiments to test the following questions: -Does MP potentiate ER movement through the Pd? - In the presence of MP, is there communication between adjacent cells via ER lumen? -Does MP potentiate the movement of cytoskeletal elements cell to cell? -Is MP required for cell-to-cell movement of ER membranes between cells in sink tissue? -Is the binding in situ of MP to RNA specific to vRNA sequences or is it nonspecific as measured in vitro? And if specific: -What sequences of RNA are involved in binding to MP? And finally, what host proteins are associated with MP during intracellular targeting to various subcellular targets and what if any post-translational modifications occur to MP, other than phosphorylation (Kawakami et al., 1999)? Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. A new quantitative tool was developed to measure the "coefficient of conductivity" of Pd to cytoplasmic soluble proteins. Employing this tool, we measured changes in Pd conductivity in epidermal cells of sink and source leaves of wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plants expressing MPᵀᴹⱽ incubated both in dark and light and at 16 and 25 ᵒC (Liarzi and Epel, 2005 (appendix 1). To test our model we measured the effect of the presence of MP on cell-to-cell spread of a cytoplasmic fluorescent probe, of two ER intrinsic membrane protein-probes and two ER lumen protein-probes fused to GFP. The effect of a mutant virus that is incapable of cell-to-cell spread on the spread of these probes was also determined. Our data shows that MP reduces SEL for cytoplasmic molecules, dilates the desmotubule allowing cell-cell diffusion of proteins via the desmotubule lumen and reduces the rate of spread of the ER membrane probes. Replicase was shown to enhance cell-cell spread. The data are not in support of the proposed model and have led us to propose a new model for virus cell-cell spread: this model proposes that MP, an integral ER membrane protein, forms a MP:vRNAER complex and that this ER-membrane complex diffuses in the lipid milieu of the ER into the desmotubule (the ER within the Pd), and spreads cell to cell by simple diffusion in the ER/desmotubule membrane; the driving force for spread is the chemical potential gradient between an infected cell and contingent non-infected neighbors. Our data also suggests that the virus replicase has a function in altering the Pd conductivity. Transgenic plant lines that express the MP gene of the Cg tobamovirus fused to YFP under the control the ecdysone receptor and methoxyfenocide ligand were generated by the Beachy group and the expression pattern and the timing and targeting patterns were determined. A vector expressing this MPs was also developed for use by the Epel lab . The transgenic lines are being used to identify and isolate host genes that are required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV/tobamoviruses. This line is now being grown and to be employed in proteomic studies which will commence November 2005. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis is being developed to identify and isolate host genes required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV.

Seton Lake is a freshwater fiord located in southwestern British Columbia, roughly 4 km west of Lillooet and 250 km north-northeast of Vancouver. Located in the Coast Mountains, it is an alpine lake about 22-km long and roughly 1-1.5 km wide. It is separated from nearby Anderson Lake, located to the west, by a large pre-historic rock avalanche deposit at Seton Portage. The lake stands at about 243 m above sea level and is up to about 150 m deep (BC gov., 1953). Water level is controlled by a hydroelectric dam (i.e., Seton dam) located at the eastern end of the lake. Here, the lake drains east into Seton Canal, a 5 km diversion of the flow of the Seton River, which begins at the Seton dam. The Seton Canal pushes water to the Seton Powerhouse, a hydroelectric generating station at the Fraser River, just south of the community of Sekw'el'was and confluence of the Seton River, which drains into the Fraser River at Lillooet. Seton Portage, Shalatlh, South Shalatlh, Tsal'alh (Shalath), Sekw'el'was (Cayoosh Creek), and T'it'q'et (Lillooet) are communities that surround the lake. Surrounded by mountainous terrain, the lake is flanked at mid-slope by glacial and colluvial sediments deposited during the last glacial and deglacial periods (Clague, 1989; Jakob, 2018). The bedrock consists mainly of mafic to ultramafic volcanic rocks with minor carbonate and argillite from the Carboniferous to Middle Jurassic periods (Journeay and Monger, 1994). As part of the Public Safety Geoscience Program at the Geological Survey of Canada (Natural Resources Canada), our goal is to provide baseline geoscience information to nearby communities, stakeholders and decision-makers. Our objective was to see what kind of sediments were deposited and specifically if we could identify underwater landslide deposits. Thus, we surveyed the lake using a Pinger SBP sub bottom profiler made by Knudsen Engineering Ltd., with dual 3.5 / 200 kHz transducers mounted to a small boat (see photo). This instrument transmits sound energy down through the water column that reflects off the lake bottom surface and underlying sediment layers. At the lake surface, the reflected sound energy is received by the profiler, recorded on a laptop computer, and integrated with GPS data. These data are processed to generate a two-dimensional image (or profile) showing the character of the lake bottom and underlying sediments along the route that the boat passed over. Our survey in 2022 recorded 98 profiles along Seton Lake. The red transect lines show the locations of the 20 profiles displayed on the poster. The types of sediments observed are mostly fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments that are horizontally bedded with a subtle transition between glaciolacustrine to lacustrine (e.g., profiles A-A'; C-C'; F-F'; S-S'). Profile S-S' displays this transition zone. The glaciolacustrine sediments probably were deposited as the Cordilleran Ice Sheet retreated from the local area (~13,000-11,000 years ago; Clague, 2017) and the lacustrine sediments, after the ice receded to present-day conditions. Some of the parallel reflections are interrupted, suggesting abrupt sedimentation by deposits that are not horizontally bedded; these are interpreted as landslide deposits (see pink or blue deposits on profiles). The deposits that show disturbance in the sedimentation found within the horizontal beds are thought to be older landslides (e.g., blue arrows/deposits in profiles C-C'; E-E'; F-F'; G-G'; I-I'; J-J'; K-K'; N-N'; P-P'; Q-Q'; R-R'; T-T'; U-U'), but the ones that are found on top of the horizontally laminated sediments (red arrows/pink deposits), and close to the lake wall, are interpreted to be younger (e.g., profiles B-B'; C-C'; H-H'; K-K'; M-M'; O-O'; P-P'; Q-Q'). At the fan delta just west of Seton dam, where there was no acoustic signal penetration, it is interpreted that the delta failed and brought down coarser deposits at the bottom of the lake (e.g., profiles H-H'; M-M'; and perhaps K-K'). However, these could be glacial deposits, bedrock, or other coarser deposits. Some of the deposits that reflect poor penetration of the acoustic signal, below the glaciolacustrine sediments, could represent glacial deposits, old landslide deposits, or perhaps the presence of gas (orange arrows; e.g, B-B'; D-D'; J-J'; O-O', T-T'). The preliminary results from sub bottom profiling reveal that there are underwater landslides deposits of widely varying ages buried in the bottom of the lake. However, the exact timing of these is not known. Hence our preliminary survey gives an overview of the distribution of landslides where there seems to be a larger number of landslides recorded in the narrower eastern portion of the lake.