Dissertations / Theses on the topic '200403 Discourse and Pragmatics'
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Sörlin, Marie. "Att ställa till en scen : Verbala konflikter i svensk dramadialog 1725–2000." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Scandinavian Languages, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8422.
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This thesis deals with interactional patterns in verbal disputes as portrayed in the written dialogue of Swedish drama over three centuries. The overarching aim is to contribute to research into conflict talk in Swedish dialogue, but also to contribute to historical pragmatics and linguistic stylistics.
The teoretical and methodological framework combines elements from conversation analysis and theories of communicative events (activity types). A corpus of 30 drama texts, written during the 18th century, the late 19th century, and the late 20th century, was examined for examples of conflict events that are lexically marked as such in the texts (by words such as argument, dispute, quarrel etc.).
A total of 47 conflict events were identified in 21 of the 30 drama texts. The construction of the beginning of the three most significant types of conflict sequences found within 45 of the 47 events, totalling 111 sequences, is analysed in detail. The three sequence types concern differences in opinion (disagreement sequences), accusations (complaint sequences) and directives (rejection sequences).
One result of the study is that complaint sequences are shown to be by far the most common conflict pattern in the data. Another result is that few differences are found regarding the construction of the sequences over three centuries. For the most part, it is the same sort of moves that are frequent no matter which period the data stem from. One conclusion is therefore that the conflict patterns in drama dialogue appear to be relatively stable over time.
The study also deals with the dramatic functions of the conflict patterns (the events, sequence types or moves). Two functions are discussed, namely plot development and characterisation. While all conflict can further the process of characterisation, for example by showing the negotiation of differences in power between the characters, less than half of the events further the plot by having an effect on the disputants or other characters in the drama.
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Thabet, Mezghani Wafa. "The voice of silence as echoed by female filmmakers : reading between the shots." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3108.
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La présente recherche vise à explorer des formes multiples de silence représentées dans un film et à étudier la façon dont le silence a été perçu et conçu par des cinéastes femmes selon la perspective de l’analyse critique de discours (ACD). Dans ce contexte, nous avons choisi quatre longs métrages produits durant le XXIe siècle par quatre femmes cinéastes originaires de deux milieux culturels différents — à savoir les États-Unis et la Tunisie, à travers lesquels nous avons abordé notre problématique. Nous avons adopté l’approche développée par Fairclough (1989) qui consiste en trois étapes analytiques : description, interprétation et explication, combinant pragmatisme et analyse sémiotique. Cette recherche introduit également le concept de ‘voicing’ en référence aux signes sémiotiques et aux techniques cinématographiques qui sous-tendent la signification du silence et sa dimension pragmatique. Les résultats de l'étude démontrent que l'utilisation de ‘voicing’ s’avère un moyen efficace pour créer une méthode systématique d'analyse du silence au cinéma. Ils montrent également qu’en dépit des différences, des thèmes abordés et du contexte socio-culturel des cinéastes, il existe un dénominateur commun entre les quatre films, à savoir leur positionnement féministe ou pro-féministe.En outre, il ressort de notre analyse que les films en question constituent des barrières de résistance à l'hégémonie patriarcale du cinéma grand public qui sont fortement influencées par les perceptions individuelles des cinéastes, leurs expériences personnelles et le contexte culturel auquel elles appartiennentThe current research aims to explore several of the manifold states of silence represented in film and to investigate how silence and silencing have been perceived and conceived by female filmmakers from a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) perspective.This is achieved by examining the case studies of four feature films produced in the twenty-first century by four female filmmakers from two different cultural backgrounds–namely the USA and Tunisia. Research questions are qualitatively applied to a corpus of four films, following Fairclough’s (1989) three analytic stages: description, interpretation and explanation, using pragmatics combined with semiotic analysis. The thesis also introduces the concept of ‘voicing’ with reference to the semiotic signs and film techniques that underpin the meaning of silence and its pragmatic dimension.The findings of the study show that using ‘voicing’ has proved to be effective in creating a systematic method of analyzing silence in films. They also show that even though the cinematographic practices, the themes dealt with and the socio-cultural background of the filmmakers may be different, there is a common denominator between the four films: their feminist or pro-feminist agenda.Further, it argues that the films under discussion may be considered as barriers of resistance to the hegemonic patriarchal mainstream cinema and that these barriers are strongly influenced by the filmmakers’ own individual perceptions, personal experiences and cultural background
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Nkurikiye, Sylvestre. "The pragmatics of Kirundi marriage discourse : speech acts and discourse strategies." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/833004.
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This dissertation is a descriptive study of speech acts encoded in Kirundi marriage transactional discourse and the strategies used by the participants to encode them and attempts to understand the interrelationships between the speech acts and the strategies.Chapter 1 states the objectives and describes the data to be studied and the approach to go about it. Chapter 2 provides the reader with some background information on Burundian society and culture in the area of matrimony.Chapter 3 explores the conversation activities and the management of the interactions between the interactants in the sociocultural context of marriage transactions. Formality participation status are discussed and shown to be crucial factors for the semantic and pragmatic interpretation of the participants' verbal contributions. Chapter 4 investigates the nature and the function of the speech acts performed by the interactants. The speech act identification and categorization are based on the social aspects of linguistic action and on the conventionality and contextuality of discourse. Chapter 5 inquires into the strategies applied by the interactants to encode and decode them. Chapter 6 is a summary and conclusion.Department of English
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Schürcks, Lilia. "Binding and discourse: where syntax and pragmatics meet." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2003. http://d-nb.info/992464056/04.
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Hardin, Karol Joy Franklin. "Pragmatics in persuasive discourse of Spanish television advertising /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Li, Citing. "Chinese EFL learners' pragmatic and discourse transfer in the discourse of L2 requests." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085763.
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Morris, Terry. "Topic-prominence in impromptu Spanish discourse." Thesis, University of Salford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261861.
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Thomas, Andrew Lambert. "The grammar and pragmatics of context-dependence in discourse." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281423.
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Taranto, Gina Christine. "Discourse Adjectives /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3099909.
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Lin, Jiaying. "Pian zhang xian jie de yu yong fen xi = Pragmatic analysis of discourse cohesion /." click here to view the fulltext click here to view the abstract and table of contents, 2004. http://net3.hkbu.edu.hk/~libres/cgi-bin/thesisft.pl?pdf=b17982273f.pdf.
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Peacock, Jennifer Eden. "Discourse and pragmatics in primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/MQ30817.pdf.
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Thomas, J. "The dynamics of discourse : A pragmatic analysis of confrontational interaction." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372937.
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Finell, Anne. "Discourse markers and topic change : a case study in historical pragmatics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415278.
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Geluykens, Ronald. "The pragmatics of discourse anaphora in English : evidence from conversational repair." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359356.
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Li, Citing, and 李茨婷. "Chinese EFL learners' pragmatic and discourse transfer in the discourse of L2 requests." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085763.
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Samarah, Abdullah Yaqoub. "Pragmatics and cultural interpretation in spoken Arabic : feedback as a discourse phenomenon." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/25353.
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This study deals with linguistic feedback (see Wiener/48, Fries/52 and Allwood/93) which falls within the domain of cultural description. Feedback can informally be described like this: when a speaker performs a linguistic action which requires a linguistic response from a receiver, the given response has an important function for the speaker. In the ideal case, the listener’s response gives information to the speaker that the listener has perceived and understood the communicated content. However, the receiver can also signal that he/she has failed to hear or understand what has been said. As well as that, the receiver can ignore the speaker’s action and initiate other actions or get involved in a different conversation. It has been noted, in particular, that if a speaker performs an action that requires a response, it is less certain whether both the speaker’s performance and the receiver’s responses will succeed. When a receiver does not give a coherent or clear response, then the sender sees that the receiver is experiencing some problem(s) that deserves to be dealt with. For this reason, there might be several alternatives which the sender can initiate, e.g., to abandon the attempt to get the listener's feedback, to misinterpret the answer, or to take the listener's response into account. By increasing awareness of the significance of feedback, we may hope to understand better problems in communication between cultures. The present study focuses on verbal feedback actions and discusses briefly non-verbal feedback actions. The following aspects are central in the study: I) Feedback expressions in spoken Arabic: - Feedback turns and non-feedback turns. This subsection will include the following items: feedback consisting of a one-word utterance, complex feedback consisting of an utterance of more than one word, eliciting feedback, giving and eliciting feedback, self-feedback and nonfeedback turns II) The semantic and pragmatic analysis of feedback actions: - Criteria for deciding the function of feedback III) Studies of six kinds of conversation and one form of communication, which give examples of feedback in spoken Arabic. This thesis deals also with sociolinguistic feedback and sociolinguistic variations will be described for each individual in conversation. These variations will be described with the help of tables and several selected examples from the data. These examples have to be connected with the main topic (feedback) and related to each social variant. A number of theoretical assumptions about FB and related studies which fall under the same linguistic phenomenon i.e., human response, and possibly have universal relevance, are presented. The need for further empirical research is expressed. The present work is divided into six chapters and based on live conversations recorded in Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia).
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林嘉穎. "篇章銜接的語用分析 = Pragmatic analysis of discourse cohesion." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/549.
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Steele, Felicia Jean. "Ælfric's Catholic homilies : discourse and the construction of authority /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008453.
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Heimerdinger, Jean-Marc. "The narrative clause in old Hebrew : the perspective of discourse analysis and pragmatics." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318579.
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Karlsson, Johanna. "An attempt to get access to a speaker’s mind : The expectation marker actually in spoken conversation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-27633.
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The use of the expectation marker actually in spoken conversation is an interesting topic. This study investigates the different functions of actually and the importance of context in eight spoken conversations from the Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English. The chosen conversations are different when it comes to social factors like the participants’ age or gender. The interactions are studied using Karin Aijmer’s suggested functions of actually. Aijmer divides the expectation marker into two major functions: contrastive and emphatic. Basically, the contrastive actually functions as an opposition between points of views, and the empathic actually is used to justify or explain an earlier statement. The method used for the study is of a qualitative character as I study the interactions thoroughly both by listening to the conversations as well as studying the available transcript versions of the interactions. Overall, the study shows that emphatic actually is most common in the data used, and it is mainly used to explain or justify something or as a marker of a participant’s style of speech. In other words, actually is more often used as a way to underline an utterance rather than to correct or make a contrast to another participant’s statement. Actually is often used as a marker of style, a way for a speaker to signal or mark a specific style of speech. All of the conversations are taken from everyday life and should therefore be considered unprepared. When it comes to context it seems as if actually is more frequently used in conversations between participants close in age and who are involved in a closer sort of relationship, for example cousins or a couple in a love relationship. As for gender, actually is used by both women and by men.
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Gokcen, Ajda Zeynep. "A Matter of Debate: Using Dialogue Relation Labels to Augment (Dis)agreement Analysis of Debate Data." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1462813013.
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Saeed, Aziz T. "The pragmatics of codeswitching from Fusha Arabic to Aammiyyah Arabic in religious-oriented discourse." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1063206.
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This study investigated the pragmatics of codeswitching from FuSHa Arabic, the high variety of Arabic (FA), to Aammiyyah Arabic, the low variety or vernacular (AmA), in the most formal type of discourse, namely religious-oriented discourse.The study posited the following five hypotheses:1) CS occurs with considerable frequency in religious discourse; 2) these switches are communicatively purposeful; 3) frequency of CS is related to the linguistic make-up of the audience addressed, 4) to the AmA of the speaker, and 5) to the section of the discourse delivered.To carry out the investigation, the researcher analyzed 18 audio and videotapes of religious discourse, delivered by 13 Arabic religious scholars from different Arab countries. Ten of these tapes were used exclusively to show that CS occurs in religious discourse. The other eight tapes were used to investigate the other hypotheses. The eight tapes involved presentations by three of the most famous religious scholars (from Egypt, Kuwait, and Yemen) delivered 1) within their home countries and 2) outside their home countries.Three of the five hypotheses were supported. It was found that: CS from FA to AmA occurred in religious discourse with considerable frequency; these switches served pragmatic purposes; and the frequency of the switches higher in the question/answer sections than in the lecture sections.Analysis showed that codeswitches fell into three categories: iconic/rhetorical, structural, and other. The switches served numerous communicative functions, some of which resemble the functions found in CS in conversational discourse.One finding was the relationship between the content of the message and the attitude of the speaker toward or its source. Generally, what the speakers perceived as [+positive] was expressed by the H code, and whatever they perceived as [-positive] was expressed by the L code. Scrutiny of this exploitation of the two codes indicated that FA tended to be utilized as a means of upgrading, whereas AmA was used as a means of downgrading.Department of English
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Великодна, А. І. "Текстоцентричний аналіз загадок." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77110.
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Основне завдання жанру загадки полягає в ознайомленні носія культури з мовною системою. Проаналізовані та надані результати дослідження потенціалу жанру загадки.Основная задача жанра загадки заключается в ознакомлении носителя культуры с категориальной языковой системой. Проанализированы и предоставлены результаты исследования миромоделирующего потенциала жанра загадки.
The main task of the puzzle genre is to familiarize the media of popular culture with categorical system. The paper in analyzing and providing results of the study building puzzle genre.
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Dolatabadi, Hamid Reza. "Intercultural discourse in virtual learning environments." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/110262.
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The potential of community building through computer-mediated communication (CMC) in virtual learning environments has received increasing attention in recent years, yet little empirical research has been conducted in this field in Middle Eastern countries particularly based on a social constructivist approach as in this case. This research is concerned with the processes of community building as experienced by university students in computer-mediated distance education classes in Iran. Its overarching concern was to see if convergence happens in an on-line university discussion forum in a Middle Eastern cultural context, and if so, to explore how it happens and with what strategies it can be supported in such environment. The research addressed the role of collaborative interaction as the process of co-construction of knowledge and identities, by looking at: (i) the students’ beliefs as reflected in a survey; (ii) patterns and outcomes of interaction derived from an analysis of on-line transactions; (iii) students’ perspectives based on interviews and their responses to a survey. The participants came from four different Middle Eastern cultural and linguistic backgrounds and were all students studying at Masters Level. The academic context was an Iranian university that has a large face-to-face student population as well as a large number of distance students. The participants’ common meeting ground was primarily a virtual environment created for the students to share their learning experience and to communicate with each other and the tutors. The participants’ beliefs and ideas in terms of choice, opportunity, culture and expectations were examined through a survey in the first phase of the study. Then, to investigate their roles in shaping the on-line community, an additional university e-forum was designed and implemented by the researcher in the second phase of the study. In this forum the participants were free to contact each other without pre-planned tasks or interventions by the class tutors. Social constructivist approaches were used to analyse interactions between students and the outcomes of these interactions. The findings suggest that participants moved their communicative competence from tangible topics towards shaping new beliefs and ideas; creating the VSD-Virtual Social Development- model. These developments are regarded as something unique for an area such as the Middle East where gaining confidence is hard especially when there is no face-to-face contact with other participants, and individuals often have concerns about revealing their real personalities in untried situations. The findings of the interviews support the findings of the second phase of the study and show what strategies the participants used in community building. The research also highlighted many issues for further study, one of which is the various interpretations of the concept of community building in on-line contexts.
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Wajnryb, Ruth. "The pragmatics of feedback a study of mitigation in the supervisory discourse of TESOL teacher educators /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/23100.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, School of Education, 1994.Includes bibliography.
Introduction ; The research question and the professional context of the inquiry -- Literature review: substantive survey -- Literature review: methodological survey -- Research method -- The prgamatics of feedback -- An ethnographic portrait of supervision -- Perceptions of mitigation -- Conclusion.
This research project investigates the language of supervisory conferences. A grounded theory approach is taken to the analysis of data drawn from teacher educators in TESOL (Teaching of English to Speakers of Other Languages) in their feedback discussions with teachers following observed lessons.--Supervisory talk is investigated within a linguistic framework of politeness theory: while the supervisory role includes the obligation of criticism, the act of criticism is constrained by the face-to-face encounter of the supervisory conference. A central construct is the notion of fragility: the supervisory conference-an event which is equated with the talk that achieves it - is considered to be inherently fragile. The aim of the project is to investigate the language so as to uncover the source of the fragility.--Findings suggest that the perceived tension derives from a tug-of-war of essential elements: while the supervisory position affords discoursal power (the right to raise and pursue topics, take long turns, drive the discourse etc), the fa-threatening nature of the event obliges supervisors to resort to social/strategic skills to protect the teacher's face, as well as their own. The textualisation of this restraint takes the form of linguistic mitigation - devices rooted in syntax and semantics that allow supervisors to undercut the force of their own assertions. Mitigation is posited as the means by which supervisors resolve the clash-of-goals that is central to their role. However, mitigation is risky because it may interfere with message clarity.-- The product of the grounded study is a typology of utterance-level mitigation. The typology has three macro-categories (syntactic, semantic and indirectness) and fourteen sub-categories.-- The study was triangulated through an ethnographic investigation of supervisory concerns about feedback; and through an experiment designed to gauge teachers' perceptions of variously mitigated supervisory language. Findings from both studies corroborate the central tenet by contributing images of supervision that support the clash-of-goals thesis.--The projected applied outcome is in supervisor training where, it is suggested, strategic training delivered in a framework of politeness theory would reduce the unwitting dependence on mitigation and hence the risk of message distortion.--Suggestions for further research conclude the study.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Hussein, Miri Muhammad. "Relevance theory and procedural meaning : the semantics and pragmatics of discourse markers in English and Arabic." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1155.
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The present study is an attempt to investigate the use of discourse markers in English and Arabic. The study uses Relevance Theory as a theoretical framework for the analysis of discourse markers in both Syrian and Standard Arabic. It benefits from Blakemore’s (1987, 2002) account of procedural meaning, in which she argues that discourse markers encode procedural meaning that constrains the inferential phase of the interpretation of the utterance in which they occur. According to Blakemore, the procedural meaning encoded by discourse markers controls the hearer’s choice of context under which the utterance is relevant. The study concentrates on ten discourse markers, five of which are only used in Standard Arabic. These are lakinna, bainama, lakin, bal and fa. The other five (bass, la-heik, la-ha-sabab, ma‘nāt-o and bi-ittal ī ) are only used in Syrian Arabic. The choice of these discourse markers has been motivated by the fact that they can be compared and contrasted with Blakemore’s two favoured discourse markers, but and so. The claim is that like so and but, such discourse markers encode procedural meaning that constrains the interpretation of the utterance in which they occur. The study argues that like but in English, bass in Syrian Arabic encodes a general procedure that can be implemented to derive different meanings such as ‘denial of expectation’, ‘contrast’, ‘correction’ and ‘cancellation’. The four discourse markers (lakinna, bainama, lakin and bal) used in Standard Arabic are analysed as lexical representations of these different implementations. The discourse marker fa, in this study, has also been analysed as encoding a general procedure that can be implemented to derive different meanings such as ‘sequentiality’, ‘immediacy’, ‘non-intervention’ and ‘causality’. It has also been argued that the procedure encoded by fa can put constraints on either the explicit or the implicit side of the interpretation of the utterance in which it occurs.
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Karasawa, Sachie. "Relevance theory and redundancy phenomena in second language learners' written English discourse: An interlanguage pragmatics perspective." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280519.
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The purpose of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of nonnative English speaking students' interlanguage pragmatics in written discourse. It examined whether the types of redundancy found in second language (L2) learners' written English discourse may be explained by a lack of pragmatic knowledge, and used the theoretical framework of Sperber and Wilson's (1986) Relevance Theory. The particular type of pragmatic knowledge examined was the appropriate use of contextual information assumed to be manifest between the writer (i.e. the student) and the reader (i.e. the instructor). The subjects were 40 nonnative (NNS) and 34 native (NS) English speaking college students enrolled in freshman composition courses. They wrote essays on two topics that were selected carefully to manipulate the degrees of mutually manifest contextual information. The introduction section of each essay was submitted to an initial quantitative analysis. The results indicated that: (1) The mean length of the NNS essays was greater than that of the NS essays on both topics, and the difference on topic one reached a statistically significant level (p < 0.05), (2) The difference between the mean length of the NS essays on topics one and two was statistically significant (topic one
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Puig, Waldmüller Estela Sophie. "Contracted Preposition-Determiner Forms in German: Semantics and Pragmatics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7589.
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En el trabajo la semántica y pragmática de formas contraídas y no-contraídas en Alemán serán discutidas. Formas contraídas son preposiciones con sufijos flexionales, obligatorias en contextos en las que el contenido descriptivo del sintagma nominal es cierto de un individual o evento (expresiones que excluyen alternativas, referentes deducibles, Situative Unika, infinitivos nominalizados, referentes no específicos). Muchos autores consideran que las formas tienen artículos definidos que fusionan con una preposición. En contrario, propongo un análisis en términos de incorporación semántica en que una preposición tiene rasgos de caso, número y género. Interpretaciones únicas provienen del número singular y del contexto. Interpretaciones no específicas provienen de la semántica y el hecho de que el argumento nominal tiene menos rango que el argumento eventivo.The semantics and pragmatics of contracted and non-contracted forms found in German will be discussed. Contracted form are prepositions with inflectional endings, and obligatory in contexts in which the descriptive content of the noun fits only one individual or event ("alternative-excluding" expressions, inferable referents, Situative Unika, nominalized infinitives, non-specific referents). Most accounts assume that contracted forms have underlying definite articles which have amalgamated with a preposition. In contrast, I propose to analyse these forms as semantically incorporating prepositions, which are inflected for (singular) number, gender, and case, and combine with noun phrases. Uniqueness effects are derived from singular number and from contextual entailments. Non-specific readings can directly be accounted for since the semantics predicts narrow scope of the nominal argument with respect to the event argument.
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Slembrouck, Stefaan G. G. "The study of language use in its societal context : pragmatics and the representation of Parliamentary debates in newspaper discourse." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357003.
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Yilmaz, Erkan. "A Pragmatic Analysis Of Turkish Discourse Particles: Yani, Iste And Sey." Phd thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12604853/index.pdf.
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Adopting an eclectic analytic perspective of discourse analysis, conversation analysis
and functional approaches, this study conducts an in-depth pragmatic analysis and
describes the function of three pragmatic particles yani, iSte and Sey in casual,
conversational Turkish. All three particles have multiple functions, which are
described by reference to occurrences in utterances within three different domains of
conversation. While utterance initial occurrences of yani are mainly connective and
continuative, the utterance final placement of yani mainly acts as a situating particle
with a strongly interactional nature. The utterance medial occurrences are basically
&lsquoself-editing&rsquo
whereby the speaker marks the clarification of a point in his/her prior talk. iSte mainly acts as a frame particle demarcating utterances as containing detailed, highlighted, and reported information as well as connecting distant pieces of utterances. The third particle Sey basically marks the speaker&rsquo
s temporary mental effort of extracting the linguistic information from the memory. In addition to its major role in repair organisation whereby marking its producer&rsquo
s verbal planning and word search, Sey displays caution and discretion and marks politeness when assessing/asserting something about the self or the other.
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Herve, Coralie. "French-English bilingual children's encoding of old and new information." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/frenchenglish-bilingual-childrens-encoding-of-old-and-new-information(44ec6df5-7df5-4135-be5e-a6403d14d69e).html.
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This thesis examines the issue of cross-linguistic influence (CLI), i.e. language interaction, in context of the bilingual first language acquisition of French and English. It establishes itself in the current line of research that aims to refine the language-internal and language-external predictors of CLI (Hulk & Müller, 2000; Nicoladis, 2006; Serratrice, Sorace, & Paoli, 2004). A large body of research has shown that referential markers of discourse-pragmatics (i.e. determiners, pronouns, dislocations) are ideal candidates to investigate CLI (Hacohen & Schaeffer, 2007; Kupisch, 2007; Müller & Hulk, 2001; Notley, van der Linden, & Hulk, 2007; Serratrice, Sorace, Filiaci, & Baldo, 2009; Unsworth, 2012b). The study of the local and global markers of old and new information is particularly interesting in the context of French-English bilingualism as it provides a unique opportunity to examine a range of variables that may affect CLI. The first two studies investigate the role of typological differences and similarities on CLI by examining whether the contrasting distribution of determiners (i.e. presence vs. absence of definite articles in generic noun phrases), and the comparable pronominal systems (i.e. two non-null argument languages) in French and English predict this phenomenon. The analyses are based on the longitudinal corpus of two French-English children (Anne 2;4-3;4 and Sophie 2;6-3;7). At the determiner level, the results indicate the existence of bi-directional CLI that is determined by both structural overlap (Hulk & Müller, 2000) and economical considerations (Chierchia, 1998) as a function of language proficiency. At the pronominal level, the data indicates that CLI does not occur for structurally similar constructions. Aside from moving the issue of CLI from local referential expressions to the sentence level (i.e. dislocations), the third study investigates the role of input quality, language dominance, frequency, and structural complexity on CLI in the longitudinal corpus. The findings clearly show that input quality does not affect this phenomenon. In fact, the data displays a rather complex picture for CLI. It suggests that a multitude of variables interact with one another and drive this phenomenon. In particular, two measures of language dominance (i.e. children’s language exposure and their expressive skills) affect CLI differently as a function of the frequency and complexity of the structure vulnerable to this phenomenon (i.e. determiners vs. dislocations). Finally, the corpus-based analyses are supplemented by two experimental studies using the priming paradigm to investigate the role of language processing and language exposure on CLI. The findings indicate that (i) bilingual children’s mental representation of syntactic structures is affected by the simultaneous acquisition of two languages; and that (ii) language exposure plays a role on the degree of activation of a particular structure in bilingual children’s processing. Ultimately, the present research shows that CLI is caused by the interaction of a multitude of variables (i.e. language processing, language dominance, frequency, structural complexity) rather than being the consequence of a combination of two factors (e.g. structural overlap, discourse-pragmatics interface) (Hulk & Müller, 2000).
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Hilborn, David Henry. "The pragmatics of liturgical discourse : with special reference to English Reformed worship and the preformative language doxology of Jean Ladrière." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13311/.
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This study subjects Christian liturgy to linguistic-pragmatic analysis. It does so first, by 'anatomising' a new discipline of 'liturgical pragmatics' and second, by putting this anatomy into operation. In each case, it proceeds in accordance with David Crystal's three-fold schema for religious language research: as such, it coordinates methodological, theoretical and empirical interpretations in a survey which claims to be more systematic and contemporary than previous work on the pragmatics of sacral discourse. Specifically, it concentrates on the worship of the English Reformed church - a domain which has thus far been overlooked in studies of liturgical language-use, but one whose distinctive bias towards extemporary prayer invites the approach proposed. Methodologically, liturgic exegesis is shown to benefit from engagement with the interpretative strategies of speech act theory, implicature, relevance theory, extensional pragmatics, conversational pragmatics and socio-pragmatics. Theoretically. Jean Ladriere's model of liturgical language performativity is seen to provide a valuable basis for rapprochement between pragmatic principles and Christian doxology; nevertheless, it is argued that an even closer association can be made between pragmatic theory and Reformed liturgical doctrine. Empirically, models and hypotheses are tested against a corpus of data drawn from liturgical performance in the United Reformed Church. This comprises tapes, transcripts and participant-accounts of ten services conducted in different URC congregations on Advent Sunday, 1991. Close pragmatic study of this corpus, and of its Calvinist precedents, confirms that English Reformed worship has allowed an over-informative 'didactic monologism' to eclipse more directly participative and potentially 'eventful' historic forms. Although these forms have been extensively revived in the 1989 URC Service Book. it is proposed that they are more likely to return to regular URC services as creatively-adapted and suitably modernised discourse units.
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Gagné, Andréanne. "Narrative discourse in French-speaking school-age children with and without specific language impairment : development, factors contributing to competency, and pragmatics." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115868.
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This thesis is comprised of three manuscripts, each concerned with the narrative abilities of school-aged French-speaking children as assessed with the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI). The three studies involved the same three groups of participants: one group of 12 children with SLI between the ages of eight year three months and nine year nine months, 12 typically-developing children of the same age and 12 typically-developing children matched on language abilities. Each child completed narrative tasks, language abilities tasks and cognitive tasks during one experimental session at their home.The first manuscript compares the ENNI narrative production (story grammar and referential expression) of school-aged French-speaking children to those of English-speaking children of the same age. It also provides data on the use of the ENNI with the school-aged French-speaking population with specific language impairment (SLI) by comparing their performance to the performance of their typically-developing (TD) peers. The second manuscript aims to identify which linguistic and cognitive skills contribute to narrative production of children with and without SLI at two levels: the micro- and the macro- levels. Finally, the third manuscript investigates the impact of variations in syntactic demand on the narratives produced by French-speaking children with SLI in comparison to the narratives produced by their age- and language- matched peers. The discussion summarizes the characteristics of French-speaking children's narrative production, the factors contributing to competency in narrative production, and explores the implications of these findings for language processing of children with and without SLI.
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Persson, Lotta. "The Language of Tourism : How the Tourism Industry Promotes Magic." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-17803.
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To lure potential customers to buy a holiday away from home, most marketers incorporate certain semantic and pragmatic features into their promotional material: words and images are chosen with utmost care. The present study is conducted in order to reveal these semantic and pragmatic features and equally, to show how they highlight the concept of “magic”.This research is based on responses from six different interviews in which the interviewees had to describe twelve key words and key phrases taken from twelve tourism advertisements, in and out of context. Secondary material further consists of publications dealing with the areas of linguistics, advertising and tourism.The conclusion of this research will reveal that the impact of tourism advertisements depends on agreement between various semantic and pragmatic elements rather than implementation of individual semantic and pragmatic features per se. In other words, all the semantic and pragmatic elements (linguistic and non-linguistic content) have to reinforce one another, acknowledging common ground and meeting the reader's pre-existing assumptions. Hence, for an advertisement to avoid ambiguity it has to be relevance-governed, delivering just what is necessary to ensure that the reader is able to decode the message: that one should leave the ordinary and travel to a temporary, yet seemingly magical holiday destination.
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Iida, Eri. "Hedges in Japanese English and American English medical research articles." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99723.
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The present study analysed the use of hedges in English medical research articles written by Japanese and American researchers. The study also examined the relationship between Japanese medical professionals' employment of hedges and their writing process. Sixteen English medical articles: eight written by Japanese and eight by Americans were examined. Four of the Japanese authors discussed their writing process through questionnaires and telephone interviews.The overall ratio of hedges in articles written by the two groups differed only slightly; however, analyses revealed a number of specific differences in the use of hedges between the groups. For example, Japanese researchers used epistemic adverbs and adjectives less frequently than the American researchers. The results were discussed in relation to the problems of nonnative speakers' grammatical competence, cultural differences in rhetorical features, and the amount of experience in the use of medical English.
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Watanabe, Tomoko. "Corpus-based study of the use of English general extenders spoken by Japanese users of English across speaking proficiency levels and task types." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19549.
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There is a pronounced shift in English language teaching policy in Japan with the recognition not only of the importance of spoken English and interactional competence in a globalised world, but also the need to emphasise it within English language pedagogy. Given this imperative to improve the oral communication skills of Japanese users of English (JUEs), it is vital for teachers of English to understand the cultural complexities surrounding the language, one of which is the use of vague language, which has been shown to serve both interpersonal and interactional functions in communications. One element of English vague language is the general extender (for example, or something). The use of general extenders by users of English as a second language (L2) has been studied extensively. However, there is a lack of research into the use of general extenders by JUEs, and their functional differences across speaking proficiency levels and contexts. This study sought to address the knowledge gap, critically exploring the use of general extenders spoken by JUEs across speaking proficiency levels and task types. The study drew on quantitative and qualitative corpus-based tools and methodologies using the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Japanese Learner English Corpus (Izumi, Uchimoto, & Isahara, 2004), which contains transcriptions of a speaking test. An in-depth analysis of individual frequently-occurring general extenders was carried out across speaking proficiency levels and test tasks (description, narrative, interview and role-play) in order to reveal the frequency, and the textual and functional complexity of general extenders used by JUEs. In order to ensure the relevance of the application of the findings to the context of language education, the study also sought language teachers’ beliefs on the use of general extenders by JUEs. Three general extenders (or something (like that), and stuff, and and so on) were explored due to their high frequency within the corpus. The study showed that the use of these forms differed widely across the JUEs’ speaking proficiency levels and task types undertaken: or something (like that) is typically used in description tasks at the higher level and in interview and description tasks at the intermediate level; and stuff is typical of the interview at the higher level; and so on of the interview at the lower-intermediate level. The study also revealed that a greater proportion of the higher level JUEs use general extenders than do those at lower levels, while those with lower speaking proficiency level who do use general extenders, do so at an high density. A qualitative exploration of concordance lines and extracts revealed a number of interpersonal and discourse-oriented functions across speaking proficiency levels: or something (like that) functions to show uncertainty about information or linguistic choice and helps the JUEs to hold their turn; and stuff serves to make the JUEs’ expression emphatic; and so on appears to show the JUEs’ lack of confidence in their language use, and signals the desire to give up their turn. The findings suggest that the use of general extenders by JUEs is multifunctional, and that this multi-functionality is linked to various elements, such as the level of language proficiency, the nature of the task, the real time processing of their speech and the power asymmetry where the time and floor are mainly managed by the examiners. The study contributes to extending understanding of how JUEs use general extenders to convey interpersonal and discourse-oriented functions in the context of language education, in speaking tests and possibly also in classrooms, and provides new insights into the dynamics of L2 users’ use of general extenders. It brings into questions the generally-held view that the use of general extenders by L2 users as a group is homogenous. The findings from this study could assist teachers to understand JUEs’ intentions in their speech and to aid their speech production. More importantly, it may raise language educators’ awareness of how the use of general extenders by JUEs varies across speaking proficiency levels and task types. These findings should have pedagogical implications in the context of language education, and assist teachers in improving interactional competence, in line with emerging English language teaching policy in Japan.
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Flambard, Gabriel. "English VP anaphors : do it, do this, do that." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC022/document.
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Cette thèse propose une étude de l’alternance entre do it, this and do that dans leur emploi comme anaphores verbales (Verb Phrase anaphors, VPAs), où ils renvoient à une action saillante soit évoquée précédemment dans le discours, (la plus souvent via un SV) soit, par exophore, à une action saillante dans la situation discursive mais non évoquée explicitement dans le discours précédent. Do it/this/that ont été peu étudiés dans la littérature par ailleurs conséquente sur l’anaphore and et en particulier l’ellipse du VP (VP ellipsis, VPE, par ex. Kim knows the answer and Pat does too). En effet, on a longtemps considéré que ces trois constructions sont interchangeables entre elles ainsi qu’avec do so et l’ellipse, de sorte qu’un examen détaillé de leur propriétés discursives n’a pas été jugé utile. Les exemples ci-dessous montrent que cette supposition est incorrecte: en (1), un exemple attesté tiré du BNC, do this/that/so pourraient être employés au lieu de do it, mais en (3), do that est nettement préféré. S’agissant de l’ellipse, elle est peu naturelle en (1) et préfère un contexte comme celui en (2).1. They’ve been rescuing companies for so long they do it automatically now, I expect. (AB9, ok: they do this/that/so automatically…)2. They’ve been rescuing companies for so long that whenever they do, it’s always a success.3. He closes his eyes when he speaks and I don’t trust anyone who does that. (AHF ; …anyone who #does this/#it/#so)A partir d’un échantillon d’exemples annotés du British National corpus (BNC, Davies 2004-), notre étude examinera les facteurs qui entrent en jeu dans l’alternance entre do it/this/that. Le choix entre les VPAs est déterminé entre autres par le registre, la présence d’un circonstant après l’anaphore, la mention ou non de l’antécédent avant la phrase antécédent, et dans une moindre mesure, la saillance de l’antécédent et la familiarité supposée qu’en a le destinataire. Do it renvoie en général a des actions très saillantes qui sont ensuite décrites plus en détail par le biais d’un circonstant. Do this, au contraire, dénote plutôt des actions qui n’ont pas été évoquées avant la phrase antécédent, et son emploi avec un circonstant est moins fréquent que pour do it. Do that est employé le plus souvent sans circonstant, et son usage présente parfois de grandes similarités avec l’ellipseThe present thesis offers a corpus study of the alternation between do it, do this and do that in their use as ‘Verb Phrase anaphors’ (VPAs), in which they refer to a salient action mentioned in previous discourse, typically by means of a VP, or exophorically to a salient action in the speech situation that is not explicitly mentioned in previous discourse. Do it/this/that have been little studied in the otherwise extant literature on anaphora and especially VP ellipsis (VPE, e.g., Kim knows the answer and Pat does too). This is because it has long been assumed that they are largely interchangeable with each other as well as with do so and VPE, so that detailed analysis of their discourse properties was not deemed worth pursuing. The examples below show that this assumption is flawed : in (1), an attested example from the BNC, do this/that so could be used instead of do it, but in (3), do that is strongly preferred. As for VPE, it is unnatural in (1) and prefers a context of the type in (2).1. They’ve been rescuing companies for so long they do it automatically now, I expect. (AB9, ok: they do this/that/so automatically…)2. They’ve been rescuing companies for so long that whenever they do, it’s always a success.3. He closes his eyes when he speaks and I don’t trust anyone who does that. (…anyone who #does this/#it/#so)Based on a sample of annotated data from the British National corpus (BNC, Davies 2004-), our study will examine the factors driving the alternation between do it/this/that. Amongst others, VPA choice is influenced by register, the presence of an adjunct after the VPA, whether or not the antecedent has already been mentioned prior to the antecedent clause, and, to a lesser extent, the saliency of the antecedent and its presumed familiarity to the addressee. Do it typically refers to highly salient actions which are then further described by means of an adjunct. Do this, by contrast, denotes actions that have not been mentioned before the antecedent clause, and does not co-occur with adjuncts as often as do it. It also allows for much less salient antecedents. Do that typically occurs without an adjunct, and sometimes bears much resemblance to VPE in its usage
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Truan, Naomi. "“Who Are You Talking About?”. The Pragmatics of Third-Person Referring Expressions : a Contrastive Corpus-Based Study of British, German, and French Parliamentary Debates." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL014.
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Ce travail analyse la manière dont les expressions de la troisième personne dénotant des êtres humains peuvent référer aux destinataires d’un énoncé – par opposition à l’allocutaire – en français, anglais et allemand. Les formes de la troisième personne incluent tout élément linguistique déclenchant un accord à la troisième personne, considérée comme une catégorie hétérogène : pronoms (il(s), elle(s), on, en français, he, she, they, one en anglais, er, sie, man en allemand), pronoms interrogatifs et indéfinis (qui, quiconque, whoever, anyone, wer), quantifieurs (tous, chacun, certains, all, every, anyone, some, alle, jeder, manche, etc.), relatives précédées par ceux (ceux qui, those who, diejenigen, die) et groupes nominaux contenant un nom dénotant un agent humain (peuple, personnes, citoyen, people, citizen, Volk, Leute, Menschen, Bürger, etc.). A partir d’un corpus de débats parlementaires en France, en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni, nous montrons que les locuteurs peuvent référer aux destinataires, conçus comme un rôle discursif distinct des personnes empiriques, par des expressions de la troisième personne. L’accent mis sur la première et la deuxième personnes a conduit à un relatif oubli des formes de la troisième personne. Pourtant, la conceptualisation des destinataires par des expressions de la troisième personne est explicite, omniprésente, fonctionnelle et se produit à une fréquence égale dans l’ensemble du corpus. En se concentrant sur le rôle discursif du destinataire, une attention particulière est accordée au système constitué par la deuxième et la troisième personnes, prises dans leur continuité plutôt que leur opposition, dans l’acte de référenceBased on a corpus of British, French, and German parliamentary debates, this research presents an integrated account of how third person expressions denoting human referents can encode the targets of an utterance – as opposed to the addressee. Third person forms include every linguistic item triggering third person agreement, regarded as a heterogeneous category: third person pronouns (he, she, one, they in English, il(s), elle(s), on in French, er, sie, man in German), interrogative and indefinite pronouns (whoever, qui, quiconque, wer), quantifiers (all, every, many, some, anyone, tous, chacun, beaucoup, certains, alle, jeder, viele, manche, etc.), relative clauses introduced by those (those who, ceux qui, diejenigen, die), and noun phrases containing a noun denoting a human agent (people, citizen, peuple, personnes, citoyen , Volk, Leute, Menschen, Bürger, etc.). I combine a trilingual contrastive research design with a qualitative discourse-analytic and a quantitative corpus- based perspective to determine how reference to the targets of an utterance, conceived as a speech role distinct from the empirical persons, can be achieved by third person expressions. With most existing research focusing on the first and second persons, third person reference has been considerably neglected. Yet, the conceptualisation of targets via third person expressions is explicit, pervasive, functional, and occurs with equal frequency throughout the political spectrum. By focusing on the newly refined speech role of the target, attention is given to the continuity between second and third grammatical persons as a system referring to addressees and targets of an utterance
In dieser Arbeit präsentiere ich eine umfassende Analyse der Funktionsweisen von englischen, französischen und deutschen Ausdrücken der dritten Person zur Bezeichnung menschlicher Referenten, an die eine Äußerung gerichtet ist. Zu den Formen der dritten Person gehören alle sprachlichen Elemente, die in Bezug auf die grammatischen Kategorien Person und Numerus mit Verben in der dritten Person verwendet werden: Personalpronomen (er, sie, man im Deutschen, he, she, they, one im Englischen, il(s), elle(s), im Französischen), Interrogativ- oder Indefinitpronomen (wer, whoever, qui, quiconque), Quantifikatoren (alle, jeder, viele, manche, all, every, many, some, anyone, tous, chacun, beaucoup, certains), Relativsätze (diejenigen, die, ceux qui, those who), und Nominalsyntagmen, die ein Substantiv enthalten, das einen menschlichen Referenten bezeichnet (Volk, Leute, Menschen, Bürger, people, citizen, peuple, personnes, citoyen, etc.). Anhand eines Korpus britischer, französischer und deutscher Parlamentsdebatten kombiniere ich ein sprachkontrastives Forschungsdesign mit einer qualitativen Diskursanalyse und einer quantitativen korpusbasierten Perspektive, um zu bestimmen, wie der Bezug auf die gemeinten Referenten erfolgt. Bisher hat sich die Forschung auf Formen der ersten und zweiten Person konzentriert und die dritte Person vernachlässigt, obwohl explizite, funktionale Bezüge auf den intendierten Referenten einer Äußerung in der dritten Person allgegenwärtig sind und im gesamten politischen Spektrum vorkommen
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De, Brabanter Philippe. "Making Sense of Mention, Quotation, and Autonymy. A Semantic and Pragmatic Survey of Metalinguistic Discourse." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/ijn_00000420.
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This thesis sets out to do mainly two things. On the one hand, I wish to provide an overview of scholarship on natural metalanguage. On the other, I want to tackle some of the most interesting problems that emerge from the recent literature on the subject. As far as my first goal is concerned, I discuss the origin of the term and the notion of 'metalanguage' in logic (Ch 1); I review and criticise the various theories of mention or quotation (Ch 2, 4, 5) because these are the main theoretical upshot, in the area of the study of natural languages, of the logicians' discussions of metalanguage. As for the second goal, I discuss the problems linked to the reference of quotational sequences (Ch 4); I devise a typology of metalinguistic utterances (Ch 6), based on a conception of semantics and pragmatics that is set out in Ch 3; I examine where a natural metalanguage "fits" with respect to the rest of the language and review a number of concerns regarding, notably, the infiniteness of the lexicon (Ch 7); I explore some of the issues raised by complex cases of alleged simultaneous use and mention (Ch 8).
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Keck, Casey S. "A Descriptive Study of Pragmatic Skills in the Home Environment after Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470043710.
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Altemark, Mikael. "Lexis, Discourse Prosodies and the Taking of Stance : A Corpus Study of the Meaning of ‘Self-proclaimed’." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9551.
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This study is concerned with the description of the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the attributive adjective self-proclaimed, employing corpus-linguistic methodology to explore its meaning from user-based data. The initial query provided the material from which a lexical pro-file of the target word was constructed, systematically describing collocational data, semantic preferences, semantic associations and discourse prosodies. Qualitative analysis of sample con-cordances illustrated the role of the target word in expressing different kinds of meaning-bearing stances. The results demonstrate the importance of context and communicative functionality as constraints determining meaning, determining the discourse prosodies of self-proclaimed as one of either negation; accepted-positive and accepted-negative. Further, the analysis of self-proclaimed as a stance marker indicates the linking evaluative meanings of extended lexical units to the project of linguistic description of intersubjective stancetaking as a possibly fruitful venue for research
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Perrin, Faouzia. "Les réformes en santé en 2004 et en 2014 : nouvelle grammaire du discours ou re-fondation du système de santé français?" Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH009/document.
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L'inscription perpétuelle sur l'agenda politique des problèmes récurrents liés à la « crise du système de santé » français depuis les années 1970-1990 justifie l’intérêt de la science politique.Tandis que l’affirmation forte d’un État, seul responsable légitime de la politique de santé, était la marque de la réforme en 2004, les discours de la réforme de 2014-2016 sont emprunts d’une nouvelle grammaire conjuguant territorialisation et gouvernance.La territorialisation comme réponse à la crise de l’État providence et la nouvelle gouvernance comme réponse à la crise de la gouverne de l’État sont des phénomènes décrits par les analystes des politiques publiques dans d’autres secteurs.Cependant, la « crise du système de santé » se présente comme étant de nature économique, fonctionnelle et organisationnelle et non pas politique. La rhétorique de la réforme promeut des solutions en tant que réponses à des problèmes décrits à l’aune de ces motifs.Nous nous proposons d’étudier non pas les problèmes justifiant la mise sur l’agenda, mais la fabrique de la réforme, l’étiquetage des problèmes, les solutions mises en mots dans les discours, les éléments de légitimation des solutions, la trame cognitive et les éléments normatifs constitutifs du discours de la réforme.Nous montrerons qu’une approche pluridisciplinaire associant courant cognitif de l’analyse des politiques publiques empruntant à la théorie de Kuhn, démarche pragmatique en référence à John Dewey, et théorie politique, ainsi qu’épistémologie de la santé croisée avec la connaissance en santé publique, permet de renouveler l’analyse de cette politique publique finalement singulière.La première étape de notre travail sera de procéder à une généalogie de l’ère de la réforme ayant débuté dans les années 1970, en intégrant deux oubliés, politique de santé publique et décentralisation en santé. Puis, nous nous attacherons à une déconstruction des deux notions communes de la rhétorique de la réforme : « santé » et « système de santé ». Enfin, nous analyserons cette dernière à l’aide des outils théoriques empruntés à la sociologie.Ayant ainsi repéré le cadre cognitif et normatif de la politique de santé en France et défini les thèmes-clefs qui la constituent, nous aborderons par une étude de contenu les discours des moments 2004 et 2014.À l’issue de cette étude, nous approfondirons notre étude par l’analyse du fondements de la crise et des éléments les plus signifiants constitutifs des derniers discours étudiés : gouvernance et démocratie en santé.Notre enquête met en évidence le motif central de la réforme : la fabrique d’une réforme perpétuelle comme processus de légitimation de l’État républicain. Au-delà de la réforme, se manifestent, un public en démocratie ainsi qu’un problème public, la question des principes de la politique de santé ainsi que de sa finalitéThe repeated and persistent appearance of issues related to the Health System crisis on every political agenda justifies the interest of political science in this field of research.As the 2004 reform’s bottom line was a strong affirmation that only the government can be legitimately responsible for health policy -a statement still favored by recent reforms- numerous official speeches about the last year’s reform contain a new language, using the “ territorialisation” and “gouvernance ” words.In fact, “territorialisation” as an answer to the Welfare State crisis, and “gouvernance” as an answer to the crisis in the ways of State governing, are both well-known Political Science subjects.Yet, the health crisis is not purported to be a political issue, but due to economics rather, mainly a functional and organizational one. As a consequence, matching solutions are usely thought in an economic and administrative way.Using cognitive and pragmatic approaches, our study neither aims at defining the terms of said crisis, nor justifying its presence on the political agenda. Rather, it addresses the solutions that are brought forward in the so-called ‘reform factory’ that are political speeches, as they have the power to legitimate deciding actors or their action.The first step taken in our method will consist in reporting bibliographic references for a political and historical deconstruction of the French health system, as well as analyzing the ‘health’ concept, in order to describe the cognitive framework of health policy. Special attention vill be paid to decentralization et public health.Then, these categories should prove to be helpful to study the current trends in the 2004 and 2014 periods of health reform in a discursive analysis, as we intend to do.To further investigate health reform manufacturing, we will focus on the new themes observed in these speeches : « gouvernance » et health democracy.Our thesis is that, through the language at play among these actors, there is a semantic fight loaded with power challenges to the State role in health Policy and therefore in the place ought to be given to the various actors in health public Policy. Finally, throw reforms, a new public for democracy came forward and new issues, that are principles and goals of health policy, appeared
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Regel, Stefanie. "The comprehension of figurative language : electrophysiological evidence on the processing of irony." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3337/.
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Diese Dissertation untersucht das Verstehen figurativer Sprache, im Besonderen die zeitliche Verarbeitung von verbaler Ironie. In sechs Experimenten wurde mittels ereignis-korrelierter Potentiale (EKP) die Gehirnaktivität beim Verstehen ironischer Äußerungen im Vergleich zu entsprechenden nicht-ironischen Äußerungen gemessen und analysiert. Darüberhinaus wurde der Einfluss verschiedener sprachbegleitender Hinweisreize, z.B. von Prosodie oder der Verwendung von Satzzeichen, sowie außersprachlicher Hinweisreize, wie bspw. pragmatischen Wissens, auf das Ironieverstehen untersucht. Auf Grundlage dieser Ergebnisse werden verschiedene psycholinguistische Modelle figurativer Sprachverarbeitung, d.h. 'standard pragmatic model', 'graded salience hypothesis', sowie 'direct access view', diskutiert.This dissertation investigates the comprehension of figurative language, in particular the temporal processing of verbal irony. In six experiments using event-related potentials(ERP) brain activity during the comprehension of ironic utterances in relation to equivalent non-ironic utterances was measured and analyzed. Moreover, the impact of various language-accompanying cues, e.g., prosody or the use of punctuation marks, as well as non-verbal cues such as pragmatic knowledge has been examined with respect to the processing of irony. On the basis of these findings different models on figurative language comprehension, i.e., the 'standard pragmatic model', the 'graded salience hypothesis', and the 'direct access view', are discussed.
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Мовчан, Дiана Василiвна, Диана Васильевна Мовчан, Diana Vasylivna Movchan, and Я. А. Квартник. "Засоби реалізації прагматичного потенціалу антонімів у німецькомовному художньому прозовому тексті." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64681.
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Для сучасної лінгвістичної науки характерним є посилений інтерес до прагматики дискурсу, його функціонування, до компонентів комунікативної ситуації. Доведено, що будь-який мовний матеріал має прагматичне спрямування, оскільки прагматика експліцитно передбачає вплив адресанта на адресата.
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Mirtes, Christina M. "Contemporary Play: An Analysis of Preschool Discourse During Play Situations While Engaged Using Technology and While Using Traditional Play Materials." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1408724754.
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Подвальна, К. Є. "Рекламний текст: структурно-семантичний, прагматичний та перекладацький аспекти." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81223.
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Дипломна робота актуалізує питання дослідження англомовних рекламних текстів та висвітлює основні структурно-семантичні характеристики рекламних оголошень. Досліджено прагматичну роль лексем рекламних текстів. Визначено поняття рекламного тексту, описано основні способи передачі інформації за допомогою рекламного тексту. Отримані в результаті виконання дипломної роботи фактичні матеріали, теоретичні узагальнення та наукові спостереження можуть бути використані науковцями або студентами для подальших наукових досліджень пов’язаних з темою рекламного тексту в лінгвістичному аспекті.Дипломная работа актуализирует вопрос исследования англоязычных рекламных текстов и освещает основные структурно-семантические характеристики рекламных объявлений. Исследовано прагматическую роль лексем рекламных текстов. Определено понятие рекламного текста, описаны основные способы передачи информации с помощью рекламного текста. Полученные в результате выполнения дипломной работы фактические материалы, теоретические обобщения и научные наблюдения могут быть использованы учеными или студентами для дальнейших научных исследований, связанных с темой рекламного текста в лингвистическом аспекте.
The master’s thesis actualizes the research of English-language advertising texts and highlights the main structural and semantic characteristics of advertisements. The pragmatic role of lexemes in advertising texts has been investigated. The advertising text concept was defined; the main methods of information transfer using advertising text were described. Scientists or students can use the factual materials, theoretical generalizations, and scientific observations obtained due to the completion of the thesis for further scientific research related to the topic of the advertising text in the linguistic aspect.
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Vidak, Marko. "Les stratégies de manipulation par le discours dans le discours politique : l’exemple de la campagne présidentielle de 2007 en France." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040113.
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La manipulation suscite un intérêt croissant dans tous les domaines de la communication humaine. Elle se réalise pleinement et principalement à travers le langage, que celui-ci soit combiné ou non avec d’autres moyens de communication. Or, le peu de travaux de recherche réalisés sur le sujet sont pratiquement inexistants en linguistique.La manipulation par le discours est une solution d’efficacité pour réaliser une communication qui semble compromise lorsque la tension est extrême entre les objectifs du locuteur d’une part, et les moyens dont il dispose et les contraintes du contexte de l’autre. La stratégie de manipulation par le discours s’apparente à la rhétorique tout en la détournant car elle doit garder secrets ses objectifs et ses moyens de réalisation. Même si elle peut se servir de l’argumentation, le plus souvent, elle l’évite.Le discours politique est l’un des meilleurs exemples de cette tension extrême qui est à l’origine de la manipulation. À ce titre, la campagne présidentielle de 2007 en France est le modèle le plus adapté et le plus récent d’étude de la manipulation par le discours.Cette recherche a pour objectif de rendre compte des moyens langagiers de réalisation des stratégies de manipulation dans une approche globale de l’analyse du discours. Elle procède par l’examen détaillé de ses différents supports formels : variations sémantiques, organisation syntaxique et discursive, jeux sur les incidences entre constituants, rôle de la répétition, implicite etc. Compte tenu de l’importance majeure du contexte dans sa réalisation, l’approche pragmatique, avec la théorie de l’implicite et celle des actes de langage, s’est ici révélée la plus appropriée. Elle a permis de rendre compte du fonctionnement du macro-acte de langage manipulatoire à travers de nombreux exemples tirés d’un corpus de 195 discours politiques, et d’élaborer une théorie globale de la manipulation par le discoursThe interest in manipulation is growing in all areas of human communication. It is fully realised mainly through the language, whether combined or not with other means of communication. However, in linguistics, studies conducted on this subject are virtually non-existent.Manipulation by the discourse is an effective solution for realising the communication that seems compromised when the tension is extreme between the goals of the speaker on the one hand, and the means available including constraints of the context, on the other hand. The strategy of manipulation by the discourse is similar to rhetoric, while diverting it, because manipulation must keep secret its objectives and its means of realisation. Although it may use argumentation, most often, it avoids it.Political discourse is one of the best examples of this extreme tension which is necessary to the manipulation. The 2007 presidential campaign in France is the most recent and perhaps most suitable model for the study of the manipulation by the discourse.This research aims to report on linguistic means of achieving manipulation strategies in a global approach of discourse analysis. It proceeds by a detailed examination of its various formal supports: semantic variations, syntactic and discourse organization, interactions between the constituents, the role of the repetition, the implication etc. Given the importance of the context in its realization, the pragmatic approach, with the theory of the speech acts, turned out to be the most appropriate choice. Through many examples based on a corpus of 195 political speeches, it helps explain how the macro-speech act of manipulation functions, and it helps develop a global theory of manipulation by the discourse
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Falk, Erik. "Verbala förolämpningar i 1630-talets Uppsala : En historisk talaktsanalys." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-156909.
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This thesis investigates verbal insults recorded in judicial protocols in the Swedish university townUppsaladuring the 1630s. The aim of the study is to analyze insults as linguistic formulations and social acts in Early Modern Swedish society. The methodology of the study is guided by speech act theory and ethnography of communication in order to examine the lexical realizations of insults and verbal action in different speech communities. From a total of 652 protocols in two series of records from the city court and the university council inUppsalain the 1630s, sections of text were excerpted that registered insults. The material under investigation comprises 179 cases that contained 276 insults. The descriptive meta-linguistic expressions for insults are rich as well as varied, and the performed insults are reported with or without invectives and as direct or indirect speech. Clear patterns emerged in the investigation by performing various semantic-, pragmatic-, and discourse-level analyses of the judicial records. Insults among city people were commonly interpreted as truth-conditional representative speech acts and thereby were viewed as false accusations of various kinds. In the academic world, however, the truth value of the insult was of minor importance. The speech act was regarded mainly as an expressive utterance of anger and frustration. Through a comparison of the city and university judicial records, it is shown that the patterns of insults reveal a general semantic process in which primarily concrete, objective meanings come to fulfill increasingly interpersonal and pragmatic speech functions.
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Robinson, Melissa Aubrey. "A Man Needs a Female like a Fish Needs a Lobotomy: The Role of Adjectival Nominalization in Pejorative Meaning." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157617/.
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This thesis documents the grammatical processes and semantic impact of innovative ways to pejoratively reference individuals through adjectival nominalization. Research on nominalized adjectives suggests that when meanings shift from having one property (1) to becoming a kind with associated properties (2), the noun form often encodes stereotypical attributes: [1] "Her hair is blonde." (hair color); [2] "He married a blonde." (female, sexy, dumb). Likewise, the linguistic phenomenon of genericity refers to classes or kinds and different grammatical structures reflect properties in different ways. In 1 and 2 above, the shift from adjectival blonde to indefinite NP a blonde moves the focus from the definitional characteristic to the prototypical. Similarly, adjectival gay [3] is definitional, but the marked, nominal form [4] adds socially-based conceptions of the "average" gay (example from Twitter): [3] jesus christ i make a joke and now im a gay man? (sexuality) [constructed]; [4] jesus christ i make a joke and now im a gay? … (flamboyant, abnormal). To investigate innovative reference via nominalization, two corpus studies based in human judgment were conducted. In the first study, a subset of the corpus (N=121) was annotated for pejoration by five additional linguists following the same guidelines as the original annotator. In the second study, 800 instances were annotated by non-experts using crowd-sourcing. In both studies we find a correspondence between nominal status and pejorative meaning.
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Lima, Luana Santos de. "Motivações pragmáticas para o surgimento de estruturas de dupla negação : uma análise a partir de dados da região sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/88326.
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A língua portuguesa falada no Brasil (PFB) apresenta uma variação na expressão da negação sentencial. Existem três estratégias: negação pré-verbal (Não quero bolo), dupla negação (Não quero bolo não) e negação pós-verbal (Quero bolo não). Fenômeno encontrado em várias línguas, a variação das estruturas de negação, em alguns casos, depois de um longo período, resulta em uma mudança nos padrões sentenciais, como ocorreu no francês e no inglês. Essa mudança dos padrões sentenciais de negação é chamada de Ciclo de Jespersen. Atualmente, além do português, outras línguas apresentam estruturas de negação sentencial alternativas que, embora apresentem na superfície mais de um operador negativo, são interpretadas como enunciados em que ocorre apenas uma operação de negação. Uma das questões focalizadas pelos estudos sobre a variação nas estruturas de negação sentencial nas línguas particulares, independentemente de se considerar que estejam passando pelo ciclo de Jespersen, é a que diz respeito à motivação para o surgimento de estratégias alternativas de negação. Na literatura, duas são as formas típicas de explicar o surgimento de negações não canônicas nas línguas. Certos autores tendem a interpretar o surgimento de novas estruturas negativas como uma forma de compensar o enfraquecimento fonético do operador de negação original. Outros consideram que as novas estruturas são determinadas por aspectos conversacionais. A verificação de hipóteses acerca da motivação para o surgimento de novas estruturas de negação beneficia-se da existência de registros de comunidades de fala que, por apresentarem um número reduzido de ocorrências de negações não canônicas, encontram-se em um estágio inicial de variação. Este trabalho procurar contribuir para a investigação da motivação para o surgimento de estruturas não canônicas de negação a partir da análise de dados encontrados em entrevistas sociolinguísticas realizadas no início da década de 90, no âmbito do Projeto VARSUL, com falantes das três capitais da Região Sul do Brasil. Partindo da consideração de hipóteses pragmáticas já apresentadas na literatura especializada, formula uma hipótese que procura explicar, com base nas análises realizadas, a função pragmática de enunciados com dupla negação no estágio inicial de uso.In Brazilian Portuguese, there exist three different strategies of sentential negation, pre-verbal negation (Não quero bolo), double negation (Não quero bolo não) and post-verbal negation (Quero bolo não). In some languages these kind of variation in ways to express sentential negation leads to a change of the canonical strategies of negation, this change is known as Jespersen Cycle. Currently, besides Brazilian Portuguese, there are other languages that have alternative sentential negatives. One of the issues target for linguistic studies about variation in sentential negation is the motivation to the emergence of a new way to express sentential negation. Linguists have explained this motivation in two ways. Some authors have interpreted the appearance of new structures as a way to offset the phonetic weakening of the original negation. Others have considered that the new structures are determined by conversational aspects. The investigation of what motivates the origin of a new negative operator benefits from the existence of records of speech communities which are at an early stage of change. Data from VARSUL Project was found to be attested as representing dialects in the early stage of process of variation, due to a reduced number of occurrences of non-canonical negations found. The sociolinguistic interviews were made in mid-90s with interviewees from the three capitals cities of South Region of Brazil (Curitiba, Florianópolis and Porto Alegre). Using this data, the aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the investigation of the motivation for the emergence of non-canonical structures of sentential negation from the analysis of that data. In this dissertation is formulated a hypothesis that seeks to explain the pragmatic function of double negation in the beginning of process of variation, based on analyzes of that data. In order to develop the hypothesis of this work, it was taken in consideration pragmatics assumptions already presented in specialized linguistic literature.