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Sommerville, Racheal. "Vitamin D Supplements Intake among Americans: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002, 2003-2004 and 2005-2006." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1269284002.
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Lastres, Pamela, and Arturo Rivas. "Noticias 2003-2006." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119280.
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Sandor, Stefanie. "Schwabinger Schlaganfallregister 2003/2004." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-110552.
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College, of Law University of Arizona. "Law Catalog, 2001-2003." College of Law, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612022.
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College, of Law University of Arizona. "Law Catalog, 2003-2005." College of Law, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612038.
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Schumacher, Frank. "Konturen der Bilanzreform 2003/2004." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB12103696.
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Kopec, David M., Jeff J. Gilbert, and Mohammed Pessarakli. "2002-2003 Overseeding Turf Trials." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/216578.
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Sixty-four overseed turf entries were evaluated from October 2002, to June 2003 for turf when overseeded on Tifway bermudagrass fairway turf. Overseed entries included 43 single variety (or experimental synthetics) of perennial ryegrass, 2 annual ryegrasses, 6 entries of intermediate or 'hybrid' ryegrass, 5 entries of Poa trivialis (PT), one blend of perennial ryegrass, 4 mixtures (two or more species together) and 3 fescues. The main effect of "overseed grass entry" was highly significant on all dates for all visual turf responses, which included establishment, color quality, density, texture, and spring transition. The greatest amount of variation occurred within the perennial ryegrass group as a whole, showing the diversity within this species for overseeding performance. Annual ryegrass provided quick germination and ground coverage in the fall and a quick spring transition, but was of poor turf quality. Intermediate ryegrasses had performance values between that of perennial and annual ryegrass, some of which provided moderately good turf performance and good transition. Poa trivialis was slow to establish, but provided good quality and excellent plot texture, however they had poor transitional qualities. Final quality mean scores ranged from 3.0 (P-02-0047 PT) to 7.7. There were three entries, which averaged 7.7 at the close of the test, which included Mach 1 PR, SR 4500 PR, and Pace PR. The entries IG-2, Greenville PR, Express PR, Bar LO 2001, Hawkeye, Partee finished at 7.3 for quality. Among the intermediate ryegrass entries, Froghair finished with a mean quality score of 7.0, followed by Pick 00- A-LH (5.3). All three fescues produced mean quality scores of 6.0 or better on 8 June (Hardtop fescue leading at 6.7 for quality). The Labarinth tall fescue did have 62% Bermuda at the end of the test, compared to 65% for all entries at that time. Entries which had a mean quality score of 7.0 or more in June, along with a bermuda transition of close to 75% or more at the termination of the test included the following entries; Citation Fore, Mach 1, BarGold, Bar LP 2001, Pace, Greenville OSP, and Express.
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Kim, Soulhyang. "Scores : Requiem (2003) : Seven rhythms (2003-04) : Let us memorize the multiplication table! (2004) : Kaleidoscope (2005) : Croquis (2005-06) : Wildflowers (2005-06) : Concerto for piano and orchestra (2005-06)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432784.
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Candia, Pérez Orietta. "Niveles de aplicación de metodología científica en las tesis de pregrado realizadas en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile durante los trienios 2002-2003-2004 y 2007-2008-2009." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117640.
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Trabajo de Investigación Requisito para optar al Título de Cirujano DentistaEs misión central de las universidades la producción de conocimiento a través de investigaciones científicas. En la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile, al igual que en otros países, los estudiantes de pregrado desarrollan en el último semestre de su plan de estudios una tesis, que es un trabajo de investigación sobre un tema de interés supervisado por académicos de la institución. A pesar su importancia en la formación de los futuros profesionales, como instancia de aprendizaje respecto del quehacer científico, se desconoce el cumplimiento de las tesis respecto de los requisitos formales y metodológicos a los que debe ajustarse la investigación científica. El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo establecer los niveles de aplicación de la metodología científica en el proceso de tesis de pregrado para 2 trienios de producción (2002-2004 y 2007-2009). Metodología: Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la totalidad de las tesis de pregrado realizadas por alumnos de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile, durante los trienios 2002-2003-2004 y 2007- 2008-2009, excluyéndose del estudio aquellas tesis cuyos tutores principales o asociados correspondieran al equipo investigador. La revisión fue realizada por tres académicos de la Facultad de Odontología con formación en Metodología de la Investigación y un alumno tesista. La información se recogió a través de una lista de cotejo que incluyó aspectos formales y de contenidos exigidos tanto por la misma Facultad de Odontología como los publicados en la literatura 64 científica. Resultados: Los aspectos metodológicos que exhibieron mejores resultados en niveles logro fueron Conclusiones (86,5 % de tesis con nivel Totalmente Logrado (TL) ), Hipótesis (71,6 % de tesis con nivel TL) y Resultados (71,3 % de tesis con nivel TL), en cambio, las principales dificultades se observaron en los aspectos Discusión (34,6% de tesis con nivel TL), Marco Teórico (47,5% de tesis con nivel TL) y Materiales y Método que obtuvo los más bajos rendimientos, de éste, los ámbitos Diseño (8,3 % de tesis con nivel TL) y Normas éticas ( 16,6% de tesis con nivel TL) mostraron los peores desempeños. Conclusiones: Las tesis de pregrado presentaron bajos niveles en la aplicación de metodología científica, respecto de estándares internacionales para determinados aspectos de las tesis, principalmente en: Materiales y Métodos, Discusión y Marco Teórico; siendo los aspectos con mejor nivel de logro son Hipótesis, Conclusiones y Resultados, aunque ninguna tesis alcanza el máximo nivel.
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Lima, Hanayana Brandão Guimarães Fontes. "Políticas Culturais na Bahia: Gestões de Paulo Souto (2003-2007) e Jaques Wagner (2007-2009)." Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências Professor Milton Santos, 2011. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18155.
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As políticas culturais desenvolvidas no período compreendido entre 1995-2006 na Bahia conciliaram ações de financiamento da produção a partir de leis de incentivo, intervenções governamentais na preservação dos patrimônios material e imaterial e conceitos como identidade, adquirindo peculiaridades importantes à medida que a orientação da gestão cultural centralizou suas ações na capital do estado. As áreas de Cultura e Turismo foram unidas em uma mesma secretaria, numa iniciativa de transformar a Bahia em um importante destino turístico através de sua cultura, pautada em uma concepção de identidade singular para o estado, a partir dos signos do recôncavo baiano. Em 2007, um novo grupo político assume o governo estadual pretendendo adotar uma política cultural que rompe com a anterior. A princípio as pastas da Cultura e do Turismo são separadas; busca-se reconhecer a diversidade cultural do estado; implementar um modelo de gestão descentralizado capaz de envolver as comunidades beneficiadas, os poderes públicos, a sociedade civil organizada e a iniciativa privada; e, sobretudo pensar a cultura de maneira mais abrangente. Neste cenário, o presente estudo debruça-se sobre o momento de aparente transição, elegendo as políticas culturais desenvolvidas nas gestões de Paulo Souto (2003-2007) e Jaques Wagner (2007-2009), tentando compreender em que medida elas se aproximam ou se afastam. Para tanto, elegem-se quatro categorias (definição de cultura; conjunto de formulações e ações desenvolvidas ou que serão implementadas; objetivos e metas; instrumentos, meios e recursos acionados) dentro do padrão analítico de comparação entre políticas culturais proposto por Rubim (2007c). Pretende-se realizar a análise a partir de levantamento bibliográfico e realização de entrevistas estruturadas.
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Beržanskytė, Aušra. "Antibiotic use in Lithuania, 2003 - 2008." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091215_091705-19004.
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Antimicrobial resistance is mainly caused by inappropriate and abundant use of antibiotics. To enlighten the most relevant problematic areas in antibiotic use, where the decisions should be made, the different levels were analysed in this study: the self-medication with antibiotics of the population, ambulatory and also hospital antibiotic use. The results showed that wrong perception about antibiotics is characteristic to Lithuanian population, as there is lack of privity, while traditions of self-medication and also habits to apply the previous experience, when doctor prescribed antibiotics, are entrenched. As the ambulatory care covers the most of the population, the most antibiotics are consumed in this level. However often they are prescribed irrationally for non-bacterial infections just on the basis of clinical symptoms. The antibiotic prescribing for one of the most frequent infection acute pharyngitis / tonsillitis might be improved by implementation of rapid antigen detection tests. The extent of antibiotic consumption in nursing hospitals is low, but it is uncontrolled. Therefore the development of correct population approach, education of health care professionals, implementation of diagnostic tools, antibiotic sales‘ control, guidelines for diagnostics and treatment, approvement of antibiotic prescribing procedures – all those items would promote rational antibiotic use.Pagrindinė mikrobų atsparumo antibiotikams priežastis – neteisingas ir gausus jų vartojimas. Siekiant išsiaiškinti problemiškiausias antibiotikų vartojimo sritis, kur būtini sprendimai, šiame darbe kompleksiškai ištirtas antibiotikų vartojimas įvairiose gyventojų grupėse, ambulatorinėje ir stacionarinėje (slaugos ligoninėse) grandyse. Rezultatai parodė, jog Lietuvos gyventojams būdingas klaidingas supratimas apie antibiotikus, kadangi stinga informacijos apie šiuos vaistus, įsigalėjusios tradicijos patiems gydytis vaistais, taip pat įpročiai remtis buvusia patirtimi, kai gydytojas skyrė antibiotikų. Kadangi ambulatorinė grandis aptarnauja didžiausią populiacijos dalį, joje ir antibiotikų vartojama daugiausia, tuo pačiu jų gausiai neteisingai skiriama nebakterinės kilmės infekcijoms gydyti, kai remiamasi vien klinikiniais požymiais. Vienos iš dažniausių infekcijų – ūminio faringito / tonzilito gydymas būtų veiksmingesnis, jei optimizuojant antibiotikų skyrimą būtų atliekami greitieji A grupės beta hemolizinio streptokoko testai. Slaugos ligoninėse suvartojama antibiotikų nedaug, bet tai nėra kontroliuojama. Todėl itin svarbu gyventojų požiūrio formavimas, medikų mokymas, diagnostikos priemonių diegimas, antibiotikų pardavimo kontrolė, gydymo rekomendacijų ir antibakterinių vaistų skyrimo taisyklių tvirtinimas. Visa tai skatintų teisingą antibiotikų vartojimą.
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Amorim, Ivan Trizi. "A institucionalização do plano plurianual (PPA): um estudo no governo federal brasileiro nos períodos de 2000-2003 e 2004-2007." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-02022017-151913/.
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A promulgação da Carta Magna de 1988 resgatou a prática do planejamento governamental no Brasil ao trazer sua previsão constitucional, notadamente do plano plurianual (PPA), que se iniciou no período de 1991-1996 e encontra-se no período de 2016-2019. O PPA é um instrumento que determina, entre outros, as diretrizes, objetivos e metas da administração. Dito isso, esta pesquisa propõe o estudo da institucionalização do planejamento governamental na gestão pública contemporânea brasileira, tendo como instrumentos os PPAs do nível federal dos períodos de 2000 a 2003 e 2004 a 2007. Utilizando-se da pesquisa qualitativa, foram realizadas análises documentais, revisão da literatura e entrevistas. Os resultados apresentados demonstram as inovações trazidas e a identidade constituída pelo PPA 2000-2003, tendo sua metodologia continuada e aprofundada no PPA seguinte, relativo ao período de 2004-2007.The sealing of Magna Carta in 1988 recovers the practice of public planning in Brazil through the Constitutional forecast, known as plurianual plan (PPA). The first plan was introduced in 1991-1996 and the currently plan is 2016-2019. PPA is a instrument of governmental planning which also establish guidelines, goals and targets. Accordingly it, the purpose of this article is to study the institutionalization of governmental plan in the contemporary Brazilian public administration, using as support the Federal PPAs 2000-2003 and 2004-2007. It was used qualitative research, specifically documental analysis, bibliographic review and interviews. The results shows the innovation and identity achieved in the PPA 2000-2003 and the methodology maintained in the following, PPA 2004-2007.
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Lins, Fernanda Estelita. "Demanda por energia elétrica residencial urbana no Brasil: uma análise baseada nos microdados das POFs 2002-2003 e 2008-2009." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3785.
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Previous issue date: 2010Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística
A questão do crescimento econômico do Brasil tem levantado diversas indagações sobre a capacidade do País em suportar o crescimento do consumo de forma sustentável. A energia elétrica vem aumentando continuamente sua participação na matriz energética do Brasil e o setor residencial apresenta importância crescente ao longo dos anos, chegando a representar aproximadamente um terço de toda a energia elétrica consumida no país. Os objetivos desta tese são analisar o consumo e realizar estudos econométricos sobre a demanda por eletricidade no Brasil, utilizando dados da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) em suas versões 2002-2003 e 2008-2009 do IBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Este estudo é relativamente incomum no Brasil por se basear em dados em nível de domicílio. O uso dos microdados torna possível a análise de impactos de importantes variáveis demográficas que afetam o consumo. O grande número de famílias pesquisadas pela POF dá graus de liberdade na estimação econométrica que diversos estudos que utilizam dados de séries temporais. Os resultados mostram que fatores como a idade, o sexo e a escolaridade do chefe de família, além da renda familiar e do tipo de moradia, afetam o consumo de energia elétrica dos domicílios brasileiros. Os domicílios localizados nas regiões Norte e Sudeste consomem mais energia que aqueles de mesmas características localizados nas demais regiões. Quanto ao tipo de moradia, as casas rústicas apresentam maior consumo, enquanto os apartamentos são os mais econômicos. A escolaridade e a idade do chefe de família também são fatores que impactam positivamente no consumo de energia elétrica: quanto maior a idade e o tempo de estudo, maiores as despesas com eletricidade. No entanto, quando o chefe da família é idoso (acima de 60 anos), o consumo cai. Verifica-se ainda diferentes reações a variações de preços entre as famílias em função de sua renda, as elasticidades renda calculadas mostram que as famílias de menor renda tendem a apresentar consumo de energia elétrica mais sensível
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Forsberg, Jihm. "Allmänt säkerhetsvakuum under Irakkriget 2003 - en effekt av modern krigföring?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1668.
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Irakkriget 2003 manifesterade evolutionen av den moderna krigföringen som gått emot enverklighet där politiska mål kan uppnås med allt mindre förband som kostar mindre resurser. Demoderna förbanden har ändock en allt större effekt i att kunna bekämpa en motståndaren påslagfältet och härigenom kan de bemannas med allt färre soldater som verkar på fältet.Efter en intervention i en främmande stat är det av största vikt att under den första kritiskaperioden efter sönderfallet att etablera säkerhet och stabilitet. Denna undersökning har somambition att svara på huruvida modern krigföring och moderna förband bidrog till ett allmäntsäkerhetsvakuum under Irakkriget 2003 under denna kritiska period.Undersökningens resultat är att förutsättningarna för ett allmänt säkerhetsvakuum fanns iIrak innan kriget 2003. Koalitionens förband och krigföringsmetoder var bidragande orsaker till attsläppa loss krafter som redan skapats av den forna regimen under lång tid.Den övergripande slutsatsen är att det centrala vid operationen av detta slag är attomedelbart ha förband med tillräckligt antal soldater på fältet för att kunna etablera säkerhet ochstabilitet i territoriet. Av detta följer också att planeringen av denna kritiska period måste görasinnan kriget börjar och det måste finnas en vilja att satsa de resurser detta kräver.Avdelning: ALB - Slutet Mag 3 C-uppsHylla: Upps. ChP 02-04
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Beržanskytė, Aušra. "Antibiotikų vartojimo ypatumai 2003 - 2008 m. Lietuvoje." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20091215_091715-12995.
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Pagrindinė mikrobų atsparumo antibiotikams priežastis – neteisingas ir gausus jų vartojimas. Siekiant išsiaiškinti problemiškiausias antibiotikų vartojimo sritis, kur būtini sprendimai, šiame darbe kompleksiškai ištirtas antibiotikų vartojimas įvairiose gyventojų grupėse, ambulatorinėje ir stacionarinėje (slaugos ligoninėse) grandyse. Rezultatai parodė, jog Lietuvos gyventojams būdingas klaidingas supratimas apie antibiotikus, kadangi stinga informacijos apie šiuos vaistus, įsigalėjusios tradicijos patiems gydytis vaistais, taip pat įpročiai remtis buvusia patirtimi, kai gydytojas skyrė antibiotikų. Kadangi ambulatorinė grandis aptarnauja didžiausią populiacijos dalį, joje ir antibiotikų vartojama daugiausia, tuo pačiu jų gausiai neteisingai skiriama nebakterinės kilmės infekcijoms gydyti, kai remiamasi vien klinikiniais požymiais. Vienos iš dažniausių infekcijų – ūminio faringito / tonzilito gydymas būtų veiksmingesnis, jei optimizuojant antibiotikų skyrimą būtų atliekami greitieji A grupės beta hemolizinio streptokoko testai. Slaugos ligoninėse suvartojama antibiotikų nedaug, bet tai nėra kontroliuojama. Todėl itin svarbu gyventojų požiūrio formavimas, medikų mokymas, diagnostikos priemonių diegimas, antibiotikų pardavimo kontrolė, gydymo rekomendacijų ir antibakterinių vaistų skyrimo taisyklių tvirtinimas. Visa tai skatintų teisingą antibiotikų vartojimą.Antimicrobial resistance is mainly caused by inappropriate and abundant use of antibiotics. To enlighten the most relevant problematic areas in antibiotic use, where the decisions should be made, the different levels were analysed in this study: the self-medication with antibiotics of the population, ambulatory and also hospital antibiotic use. The results showed that wrong perception about antibiotics is characteristic to Lithuanian population, as there is lack of privity, while traditions of self-medication and also habits to apply the previous experience, when doctor prescribed antibiotics, are entrenched. As the ambulatory care covers the most of the population, the most antibiotics are consumed in this level. However often they are prescribed irrationally for non-bacterial infections just on the basis of clinical symptoms. The antibiotic prescribing for one of the most frequent infection acute pharyngitis / tonsillitis might be improved by implementation of rapid antigen detection tests. The extent of antibiotic consumption in nursing hospitals is low, but it is uncontrolled. Therefore the development of correct population approach, education of health care professionals, implementation of diagnostic tools, antibiotic sales‘ control, guidelines for diagnostics and treatment, approvement of antibiotic prescribing procedures – all those items would promote rational antibiotic use.
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Bao, Hsiu-Ping. "Hamas' political transformation and engagement, 2003-2013." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/29514.
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This thesis aims to explore the process of Hamas’ political transformation and engagement between 2003 and 2013 as well as the implications of the transition. In general, conventional scholarship research on Hamas and its transition in politics focuses either on the discussion of its tendency to violence or on its orientation towards moderation. However, both analyses fail to capture the essence of Hamas’ political transition over the ten years under discussion. This thesis argues that Hamas’ transition is interrelated with its perception of resistance. That is to say, Hamas’ transition aimed to keep its resistance work intact. Hamas believed that because of its Zionist ideology, Israel would continue to occupy and colonize at Palestinians’ expense. Furthermore, past negotiations between the Palestinian Authority and Israel had not helped Palestinians but on the contrary, had intensified the Israeli occupation. Therefore, nothing but resistance would restore Palestinians’ rights and defend them against Israel’s aggression. Ever since its inception in 1987, resistance has been Hamas’ only strategy and its means to end the Israeli occupation. It is worth noting that Hamas sophisticated the concept of resistance into a ‘resistance project’ from 2003 onwards, and then enforced it after taking over Gaza in June 2007; and for Hamas, the elements of resistance are comprehensive. In order to end Israeli occupation, armed struggle is its major tactic but this includes: the necessity of the national unity of Palestinians, the need for substantial support from the Arab and Muslim states and the understanding of the West. This thesis argues that as long as the Israeli occupation is in place, it is inevitable that Hamas’ engagement in politics will be irreversible and its work on resistance will continue, irrespective of the circumstances. However, it might appear in a different form.
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Al, Nsour Mohannad. "Colorectal cancer survival in Jordan 2003-2007." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5063/.
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As in other less developed countries in the region and elsewhere, cancers are becoming a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Jordan. Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in women and the third most common cancer in men. In Jordan, CRC is the second most common cancer in women and the most common in men. There is little known about survival from CRC in Jordan and few survival studies have been conducted in comparable Eastern Mediterranean countries. As the first study of its type in Jordan, this thesis aimed at estimating CRC survival among Jordanian patients and comparing them with survival estimates among other populations. The thesis explored the relationship between CRC and socio-demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment, diabetes mellitus – for which the prevalence in Jordan is very high - and treatment sites. The study augmented existing Jordan Cancer Registry data by gathering additional case mix information and completing missing fields. CRC was classified according to international classification of oncology (ICD-O third edition in addition to the International Classification of Diseases, ICD-10) as C18.0-C20.9. The vital status of the patients was ascertained from Civil Registration Bureau based on use of the unique National Identification number of the patients with follow-up to 31 December, 2010. The survival duration of each case was determined as the time difference (in days) between the date of incidence (index date) and the date of death, date of loss to follow-up or the closing date for follow-up (31 December, 2010). Observed and relative CRC survival rates were calculated among a study population of 1,896 Jordanian colorectal patients aged 15 to 99 years of age, diagnosed with first invasive primary CRC from January 2003 to December 2007. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine the observed survival probability over time. The logrank test was used to estimate whether the difference in survival estimates was statistically significant between the groups. The complete approach of estimation of observed survival probability was used. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the effect of each variable after simultaneously controlling the effects of potential confounders. With half of the sample aged 60 years and above, males were predominant (55.5 percent) with the majority of the sample (75.4 percent) residing in the central part of Jordan. The vast majority of the cases (63.5 percent) were diagnosed with colon cancer, with regional metastasis present in 58.9 percent. No significant difference was found in the distribution of colon and rectum cancer by sex. Adenocarcinoma was the most commonly found tumor (84.4 percent) compared to mucinous tumors which was found in 7.8 percent of the patients. In addition, 62.7 percent of the cases were classified as moderate and 14.9 percent as poor. The percentages of rectum cancer patients with moderate and poor/anaplastic types of cancer were higher than in colon cancer patients. The majority of patients (77.9 percent) underwent surgery, which was mostly elective (82.0 percent). A significantly higher occurrence of these elective surgeries was found among rectum cancer (87.7 percent) than colon cancer patients (78.7 percent). Curative treatment was found to be a more common form of treatment for colorectal cancer patients (76.5 percent) than palliative (23.5 percent). Of those undergoing surgery, 4.8 percent has died within 30-days of resection, with a significantly lower mortality among patients aged ≤ 65 years (2.9 percent) than the over 65 years age group (7.1 percent). Thirty days postoperative mortality was significantly higher among colon cancer patients (5.3 percent), patients with more advanced tumours and those who underwent emergency operations. Results of this study revealed that the incidence of CRC in the Jordanian population to be low compared to developed countries. However, this low incidence is similar to CRC incidence rates in other countries in the region. During the 5-year study period, the overall crude colorectal cancer incidence rate for males was 5.6 per 100,000 population, and 5.1 per 100,000 populations in females. The overall Age Standardized colorectal incidence rate (ASR) among males was 15.5 per 100,000 populations compared to 12.5 per 100,000 populations among females. For colon cancer, the crude incidence rate was 5.4 per 100,000 populations in males and 4.1 per 100 000 populations in females, while ASR for males was 11.1 and 8.4 for females. Alternatively, the crude incidence rate for rectum cancer was 3.0 per 100,000 population for males and 2.4 per 100,000 population for females, and the respective ASR incidence rates was 6.1 per 100,000 males and 4.9 per 100,000 females. Unexpectedly, results showed a high percentage (13.8 percent) of CRC patients among the young age groups (i.e. less than 40 years of age) with insignificant differences between the sexes. The age specific incidence rates were found to increase with age. The study revealed that 5-year observed and relative survival probabilities for colorectal cancer to be 57.7 and 61.3 percent respectively, with higher probability for colon cancer. These results showed good survival estimates of colorectal cancer compared to developed countries as well as the most developed countries in the region and across the Asian continent. The slightly higher observed colorectal survival rates among females were found to be insignificantly different than those for males. Patients aged 45 through 59 years had the highest survival estimates among all age groups, and the 75 years and above age group the lowest. The highest survival estimates were found among patients living in the central parts of Jordan, and the poorest was significantly noted in the south. Moreover, the observed and relative survival estimates were consistently highest during Year 1 and lowest during Year 5. Mucinous and serous tumors showed the poorest survival rates among the colorectal cancer, with higher 5-year relative survival rates among the mucinous and serous type of colon (52.4 percent) compared to rectum cancer (42.8 percent). With more than half of the colon patients (57.2 percent) and rectal patients (62 percent) having a regional spread; a higher proportion of colon cancers (24.1 percent) were found to have distant metastasis, than rectum cancer patients (20.5) and an equally low (11 percent) had localized CRC at diagnosis. Results also showed that observed and relative survival rates from localized and regional colon cancer were better than survival from rectum cancer in the same stages at 1, 3 and 5-years of diagnosis. Results also indicated that observed survival became poorer with increasing age for both localized and regional tumours. This observation was applicable for both males and females. In recognizing appropriate surgery as the most important aspect of colorectal cancer treatment, the observed survival probability for colorectal cancer patients who underwent surgery was found significantly higher than that for patients who did not undergo surgery. This scenario was similarly observed for both colon and rectum. Conversely, the overall relative survival rates for patients who underwent surgery declined from 96.2 percent to 62.6 percent between the first and fifth year and from 86.5 percent to 23.5 percent for patients who did not undergo surgery. In addition, no significant difference was found between colorectal survival estimates for patients who underwent elective surgery and those who underwent emergency surgery. This was held true for both colon and rectum cancer.
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Ottman, Michael J., S. E. Smith, D. M. Fendenheim, and M. J. Comeau. "Alfalfa Variety Performance at Tucson, 2003-2004." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203815.
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New alfalfa varieties are constantly being introduced into the marketplace. The number of varieties available for low-elevation desert areas in Arizona in the non-dormant and very non-dormant class is close to 50. New varieties are introduced each year and unbiased yield comparisons are helpful to the grower to base the decision of whether or not to sow a new variety. The study reported here is part of the on-going effort to evaluate alfalfa variety performance in Arizona. A summary of small grain variety trials conducted by the University of Arizona can be found online at http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/crops/az1267.pdf.
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Ottman, Michael J., S. E. Smith, D. M. Fendenheim, and M. J. Comeau. "Alfalfa variety performance at Tucson, 2001-2003." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/205413.
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New alfalfa varieties are constantly being introduced into the marketplace. The number of varieties available for low-elevation desert areas in Arizona in the non-dormant and very non-dormant class is about 46. New varieties are introduced each year and unbiased yield comparisons are helpful to the grower to base the decision of whether or not to sow a new variety. The study reported here is part of the on-going effort to evaluate alfalfa variety performance in Arizona. The data contained in this report are also available at http://www.ag.arizona.edu/~azalfalf/yield/2000/. A summary of small grain variety trials conducted by the University of Arizona can be found online at http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/crops/az1267.pdf.
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Cano, Eduardo Fiacadori. "O consumo de microcomputadores no Brasil: uma análise utilizando dados das PNADs de 2001 a 2007 e da POF 2002-2003." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96131/tde-05052010-150700/.
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O consumo domiciliar de microcomputadores cresceu de forma acelerado nos últimos anos. Apesar de grupos com determinadas características socioeconômicas terem um consumo maior de computadores, o consumo vem aumentando em todos os grupos. Ou seja, mesmo com diferenças grandes, o consumo de computadores não é mais uma exclusividade dos mais ricos, dos mais bem instruídos ou de determinadas regiões do país. Os modelos Probit e double-hurdle se mostraram adequados para analisar o consumo de computadores no Brasil. O modelo Probit ajustou bem os dados na análise da presença de um computador no domicílio. Já para a despesa com computador, o modelo double-hurdle se mostrou melhor que o modelo Tobit, uma vez que este separa a análise do processo de decisão de compra em dois, separando a decisão de gastar da decisão de quanto gastar.Household consumption of microcomputers grew up fast in recent years. Despite some socioeconomic groups take highercomputer consumption, consumption is increasing in all groups. In other words, even with large differences, the consumption of computers is no longer uniqueness of wealthier, better educated or at certain regions of the country. Probit and double-hurdle models were suitable for analyzing the consume of computers in Brazil. The Probit model adjusted well the data set in the analysis of the presence of a computer at home. For the computer spending the double-hurdle model proved better than Tobit because separates the analysis of the purchase decision process in two, separating the decision to spend from the decision of how much spend.
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Scherf, Kayla K. "Vitamin D Status of American Adults Age 18 Years and Older: National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 and 2003-2004." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1225454830.
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Schell, N., and A. C. Scheinost. "Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF: Biannual Report 2003/2004." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-28735.
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Laurinaitis, Artūras. "Gyvenamojo būsto rinka 2003 - 2007 Lietuvos didžiuosiuose miestuose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080929_112915-39490.
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Šio magistro darbo tema yra gyvenamojo būsto rinka Lietuvos didžiuosiuose miestuose 2003- 2007 metais. Darbe nagrinėjama gyvenamojo būsto rinkos problematika: staigūs pokyčiai, šuolinis kainų ir paklausos didėjimas, pasiūlos mažėjimas, įvairūs veiksniai, įtakojantys gyvenamųjų patalpų rinką. Darbo tikslas – kelerių metų gyvenamojo būsto rinkos Lietuvoje analizė ir ateities tendencijų numatymas. Jam pasiekti darbe iškelti tokie uždaviniai: išanalizuoti gyvenamojo būsto bumo ir kainų šuolio priežastis, supažindinti su būsto paskolų įtaka gyvenamojo būsto paklausai ir prognozuoti ateities tendencijas. Darbe nagrinėjama gyvenamojo būsto ir žemės sklypų rinka: pateikiama kelerių metų šios rinkos raida bei kainų kaita Lietuvoje, rinkos bumo priežastys, tendencijos ir prognozės ateityje, pelningiausi ir paklausiausi sektoriai.The topic of this Master’s work is the habitable accomodation market in the biggest Lithuania countries in the year 2003-2007. The paper elaborates problematic issues of the habitable accomodation market: sudden changes, increase in prices and demand, decrease in supply; as well as some factors, which influence habitable accomodation market. The paper aim is to analyse the habitable accomodation market in Lithuania for the past few years and to predict future tendencies. To reach this aim there are some tasks: it is needed to analyse the causes of the habitable accomodation boom and the price surge; to explore the influence of housing loans on the demand for habitable accomodation and to prognosticate future tendencies. The author analyses the market of the habitable accomodation and grounds: development and price alternations on this market in Lithuania for the several past years; causes of the market boom, tendencies and forecasts to the future; the most profitable and markitable sectors.
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Rodt, Annemarie Peen. "Success? : ESDP military conflict management operations : 2003-2009." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11431/.
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From 2003 to 2009, the EU launched five military conflict management operations within the framework of the European Security and Defence Policy. This thesis examines their success. To this end, the thesis develops a definition and a set of criteria for success. It applies this theoretical framework in an empirical case study of success in the five EU operations, which were undertaken in Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Chad and the Central African Republic. Having established the level and nature of their success, the thesis goes on to examine the conditions under which ESDP military conflict management operations can be successful. The key finding of the research is that for an operation of this nature to succeed, it is necessary that it secures sufficient support internally, within the EU, and externally, outside the EU, from domestic, regional and international actors involved in the conflict and its management.
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Bernal, Díaz José Arturo, Morales María Luz Garufi, and Campos Óscar Martín Talavera. "Volcán, compañía minera SAA : evidencia empírica 2003-2007." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC. Escuela de Postgrado, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273914.
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En el presente trabajo realizaremos la valorización de la empresa peruana VOLCAN Compañía Minera SAA, con el fin de determinar el valor de su acción y compararlo con el precio del mercado ¿Está sobre valuada? ¿Está subvaluada? Así mismo, se determinará si los directivos están generando o destruyendo valor El éxito de una empresa se juzga normalmente por su valor y a los accionistas les beneficia cualquier decisión que incremente el valor de su empresa.
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Schell, N., and A. C. Scheinost. "Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF: Biannual Report 2003/2004." Forschungszentrum Rossendorf, 2005. https://hzdr.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21701.
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Lee, Jinsuk. "Public sector crisis communication in Korea 2003-2008 /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024664.
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Vytelingum, Iovana. "USP in wireless e Business solutions 2001-2003 /." Leeds, 2001. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/library/counter2/compstmsc/20002001/vytelingum.pdf.
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Svarenieks, Edgars. "Eastern Europe and the 2002-2003 Iraq crisis." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FSvarenieks.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2003.Thesis advisor(s): David Yost, Hans-Eberhard Peters. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.
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Fenton, Anne Marie. "France, Italy and the 2002/2003 Iraq crisis." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FFenton.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Defense Decision-Making and Planning)--Naval Postgraduate School, Sept. 2004.Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost. Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-96). Also available online.
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BEZERRA, Fábio de Melo. "Carga tributária do ICMS nas famílias pernambucanas e cearenses de acordo com a pesquisa de orçamento familiar de 2002-2003 e 2008-2009." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11125.
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O Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadoria e Prestação de Serviço de Transportes Interestadual e Intermunicipal é de competência dos Estados e do Distrito Federal, instituído pela Constituição Federal de 1988, apesar disso ele tem caráter nacional, e sendo o único tributo detalhado na Carta Magna. A arrecadação deste imposto é o maior entre todos os tributos, adotados pela União, Estados e Municípios, sendo este muito importante nas finanças publicas destes entes. Fazendo com que o grau de influencia nas famílias seja enorme, pois ele é o imposto sobre o consumo de bens e serviços destas, pela sua importância ele tem que ser levado em consideração tanto na elaboração das políticas fiscal, como também nas decisões tomadas pelas empresas e unidades familiares, em relação a preços, consumo e impacto nas rendas das famílias. O impacto do imposto nas famílias pode demonstrar sua desigualdade em sua tributação, indicando que este é um tributo regressivo e que famílias com menor classe de rendimento, paga proporcionalmente mais ICMS, do que famílias com maior classe de rendimento. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo verificar este impacto nas famílias pernambucana e cearense no período de 2002/2003 e 2008/2009, e os cálculos para obtenção deste, utilizou a metodologia, em que se analisam os dados da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar, aplicando alíquotas das principais despesas da pesquisa e tem como resultado o custo realmente arcado pelas famílias em relação ao ICMS. Os principais resultados desta verificação demonstram que o imposto é regressivo e que diminui a distribuição de renda nas famílias pesquisadas. Fenômeno este verificado tanto na analise, através de Pesquisas de Orçamento Familiar, realizada pelo IBGE, como também pelos cálculos de indicadores específicos para este fim.
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Barreto, Lis. "A dimensão da defesa na política externa dos governos Lula da Silva (2003-2010) e Rousseff (2011-2014) /." São Paulo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144188.
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Orientador: Marcelo Passini MarianoBanca: Luís Alexandre Fuccille
Banca: Samuel Alves Soares
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"
Resumo: Neste trabalho, analisamos a forma com que os temas da defesa foram tratados dentro da política externa dos governos de Lula da Silva e Rousseff (2003-2014). Por meio da análise da bibliografia especializada, de documentos oficiais do governo e de declarações oficiais, procuramos identificar de que maneira os dois governos pretendiam tratar do tema da defesa e de que maneira este tema se relacionaria com a política externa. Após a fase de avaliação do planejamento, procuramos a existência de resultados concretos e avaliar se houve, de fato, uma maior inclusão de temas da defesa na agenda de política externa. O trabalho parte do pressuposto de que, apesar do tema da defesa ser, por excelência, um tema de política externa, historicamente ele tem sido pouco tratado na agenda da política externa brasileira, situação esta que se agravou durante os governos da década de 1990. Contudo, a partir de 2003, o discurso governamental apontou para uma mudança neste padrão e, seguindo este indício, buscamos identificar de que maneira esta mudança foi apresentada no planejamento governamental e se houve desdobramentos na relação entre a defesa e política externa brasileira.
Abstract: In this dissertation we analyze the way the theme defense was treated inside the foreign policy during the administration of Lula da Silva and Rousseff (2003-2014). Through the analysis of specialized bibliography, official government documents and official statements, we search to identify the way the two governments intended to treat the theme of defense in a way that it would relate to foreign policy. After the analysis of the governmental planning, we look if there were indeed results of a bigger inclusion of defense in the foreign policy agenda. Assuming that even though defense is by excellence a theme of foreign policy, historically it has been very little dealt in the agenda of Brazilian foreign policy and the situation only got worse during the nineties administration. However, since 2003 the government speech has pointed to a change in this pattern and, following this indication, we aim to identify in which way this intention of transforming has been presented in governmental planning in addition to evaluating if it represented any alteration in the relation between defense and Brazilian foreign policy.
Mestre
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Brown, Stephanie Lynn. "Diversity Literature in Major School Psychology Journals: 2000-2003." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1147454181.
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Shabo, Linnart, and Eroll Goc. "En jämförelse mellan aktiemarknaden och svenska räntefonder 2003-2008." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-1989.
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Jäckel, Wolfram. "Institutionen für die Armen : die Weltentwicklungsberichte 2002 und 2003." Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3053/.
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Haas, Christian. "Die Novelle der Handwerksordnung 2003/2004 eine rechtliche Würdigung." Herbolzheim Centaurus-Verl, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2983596&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Haas, Christian. "Die Novelle der Handwerksordnung 2003/2004 : eine rechtliche Würdigung." Herbolzheim : Centaurus, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2983596&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Abdullah, A. D. "The Iraqi media under the American occupation, 2003-2008." Thesis, City University London, 2011. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/11890/.
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The American war on Iraq in 2003 has unleashed tremendous changes to the Iraqi media. It has been changed from a draconian, state-run institution into a free-for-all one. However, the relative freedom the media enjoyed was marred by the US management of the press, as part of the military operation and the campaign to win the hearts and minds of Iraqis who were suspicious of America’s plans for ‘liberation and democracy’. The stages of this US policy of press management and its impact on the shaping of the Iraqi media are the core elements of this thesis. This study examines the relations between the media in Iraq and the American occupation military forces, including the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA). It focuses on how American practices formed the media in Iraq after the invasion, how these practices and policies have affected the freedom of press and whether they conform to the international standards of journalism. It argues that the American policies undermined their promises to create free, independent and professional journalism in Iraq, and call into question the sincerity of their intentions. It presents evidence that the Iraqi media has been a tool used for the benefit of the American forces and the established Iraqi government. To show the US dominance of the Iraqi media, the thesis studies the American policies and practices of building some of the Iraqi media institutions, and how they were used as part of US psychological warfare. The thesis also details how these media organisations developed through the years of the occupation; first serving the American agenda and tactical requirements, and then being handed to the Iraqi government to start a new era of state–run media in the name of democracy, or given as a gift to loyal individuals who served the Americans during the occupation. The various factors that have influenced the Iraqi media after the 2003 invasion have been discussed at length. A qualitative methodology acted as a basis for an in-depth examination of the establishment and performance of the Iraqi media organisations, which were created by the American army. Unprofessional practices, unethical policies and negative influences on news coverage riddled the Iraqi press throughout the period of military occupation. Figures in the American and Iraqi administrations and militaries, as well as influential members of the media organisations themselves, all had a hand in manipulating the press to propagate material that furthered their ideological and tactical goals. A severe lack of laws to protect journalists and their organisations and of a professional media greatly restricted the freedom of reporting, and stifled the growth of a free and independent media. In analysing the history of Iraqi media, it is clear that the development of journalism in Iraq was directly affected by frequent changes in the Iraqi political administration and military leadership. In the Middle East politicians and militaries often held dominating positions in their relationships with the national media. The unethical policies imposed upon media organisations by the powers that be had a detrimental effect on their human resources and on practices within the institutions, which has in turn led to the current distortion and inefficiencies in the performance and professionalism of Iraqi media. By close examination of American policies regarding the Iraqi media sector, similarities can be found between American practices in Germany and Japan after World War II. Here they made the fatal error of applying policies that were far more successful in Germany and Japan, directly to the situation in Iraq, without sufficient regard for the context of the situation in Iraq after the 2003 invasion. A close study of US-established Iraqi media brings to the surface the particular tools used to control the press. This offers a valuable insight into the major influences on Iraqi news, aimed at improving the image of American forces and the Iraqi government, which was under American supervision. The study begins with the premise that media is recognised as one of the most powerful tools in highlighting problems within deeply divided societies, and that it can help shape and influence public attitudes towards overcoming such tensions in national communities. This thesis has been constructed empirically by approaching media organisations, journalists and newsrooms, as well as politicians and military figures from both the Iraqi and American administrations, in order to define the degree to which the quality of professionalism within media organisations was influenced by the power of both the American and Iraqi governments and militaries. Finally, the study reveals how, in order to serve tactical aims, the American administration built up state media organisations disguised as professional and independent broadcasters.
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Prado, Lidia Domingues Peixoto. "A politica externa do primeiro governo Lula (2003-2006)." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279418.
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Orientador: Shiguenoli MiyamotoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: A análise da política externa do primeiro governo Lula (2003-2006) pode ser relacionada a três fatores fundamentais: a ideologia partidária do Partido dos Trabalhadores - PT, o contexto internacional e a tradição diplomática brasileira. Nesse sentido, o estudo das principais ações em âmbito externo realizadas durante o período considera tais questões, com a finalidade não só de constatar a atuação do governo Lula no panorama internacional, como também os reais motivos que levaram a essa atuação. O objetivo da presente dissertação consiste em verificar se as diretrizes propostas pelo governante para a política exterior de seu primeiro mandato foram consolidadas, para, assim, indicar os motivos dos êxitos e revezes da diplomacia petista. As intenções de Lula podem ser associadas às seguintes temáticas: processos de integração regional, instâncias multilaterais e economia internacional, já habituais nas escolhas diplomáticas brasileiras. No entanto, a grande inovação do governo correspondeu à imagem projetada do Brasil no sistema internacional, de país capaz de exercer liderança, sejam nos foros multilaterais ou regionalmente. Tendo em vista que a principal finalidade da política externa de Lula foi a ampliação do espaço brasileiro no cenário internacional, com a conquista de melhor posicionamento diante das relações de poder existentes entre os países, pretendeu-se relacionar as preferências do governante para as relações internacionais de acordo com esse objetivo. Ainda que os resultados efetivos da diplomacia de Lula não tenham sido integralmente favoráveis ao país, as ações do Brasil no sistema internacional promoveram uma imagem mais atuante e enérgica à diplomacia nacional
Abstract: The analysis of the fo reign policy in the first Lula¿s government (2003-2006) can be related with three basic factors: the ideology of the Partido dos Trabalhadores - PT, the international context and the Brazilian¿s traditional diplomacy. In this direction, the study of the most important actions in external scope during the designated period considers these questions, with the purpose not only to show the actions of the government Lula in the international system, but also the real reasons to have this type of performance. The objective of this work consists in verifying if the directions proposed by the government for the foreign policy in the first mandate had been consolidated, in order to indicate the reasons of the successes and failures of this diplomacy . Lula¿s intentions can be associated to these subjects: processes of regional integration; multilateral instances and international economy, already usual in the Brazilian¿s diplomatic choices. However, the great innovation of the government was related to the projected image from Brazil in the international system, as a powerful country, capable to be a leader, in international instances or regionally. Knowing that the main purpose of Lula¿s foreign policy was the increasement of Brazilian¿s space in the international scene, with a of better positioning on relationship of power existing between the countries, was intended to relate the preferences of the government for the international relations to the above-mentioned desire. Although the results of Lula¿s diplomacy have not been integrally favorable to the country, the Brazilian¿s actions in the international system had promoted a better image to the national diplomacy
Mestrado
Política Externa
Mestre em Relações Internacionais
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Covre, Ariane de Almeida Corrêa 1989. "A evolução da renda disponível no Brasil : 2003-2009." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286501.
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Orientador: Claudio Salvadori DedeccaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: O Brasil é um país profundamente marcado pela desigualdade de renda, mas durante a última década passou por um período de crescimento econômico acompanhado de uma melhora na estrutura social e de redução da desigualdade. Este trabalho pretende analisar a queda da desigualdade de renda disponível no Brasil no período de crescimento econômico compreendido entre os anos de 2003 e 2009. Pretende-se estudar a evolução da desigualdade de renda após a subtração dos impostos, tendo em vista a importância dessa informação como um aspecto importante de uma abordagem multidimensional da desigualdade, para compreender a atuação do Estado nesse processo de diminuição da desigualdade
Abstract: Brazil is a country deeply marked by income inequality, but over the last decade has experienced a period of economic growth accompanied by an improvement in the social structure and inequality reduction. This paper discusses the fall in inequality of disposable income in Brazil in the period of economic growth between the years 2003 and 2009. We intend to study the evolution of income inequality after subtracting taxes, considering the importance of this information as an important part of a multidimensional approach to inequality aspect to understand the role of the state in this process of reduction of inequality
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestra em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Sonoda, Daniel Yokoyama. "Demanda por pescados no Brasil entre 2002 e 2003." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-28022007-151841/.
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O consumo per capita de pescados no Brasil é relativamente baixo quando comparado com as outras proteínas de origem animais. Do lado da oferta, este fenômeno está relacionado com diversos fatores como, por exemplo, a sobre pesca, a baixa produção nacional, a distância entre centros produtores e consumidores etc. Este trabalho aborda os fatores que estão ligados à sua demanda, tais como: a influência dos preços e da renda da população no seu consumo. Inicialmente, caracterizou-se o problema da oferta de pescados no Brasil. Em seguida, foi feita uma revisão sobre a teoria econômica e o método de cálculo da função e de suas elasticidades para a forma funcional conhecida por Almost Ideal Demand System - AIDS. A partir dos microdados da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar - POF 2002-2003, fez-se uma análise descritiva da demanda por pescados no Brasil. Finalmente, foram estimadas as funções demanda e calcularam-se as elasticidades para dois tipos de agrupamentos: um que considerou 5 grupos de proteínas animais e o outro com 7 grupos de alimentos. Estas funções foram estimadas para o Brasil e para duas macro-regiões: Norte-Nordeste e Centro-Sul. Os principais resultados são: o consumo per capita de pescados é baixo porque poucos domicílios consomem pescados. O consumo de pescado da Região Norte-Nordeste é significativamente diferente do padrão observado na Região Centro-Sul do país. Os principais produtos substitutos aos pescados no país são as proteínas mais elaboradas e não as carnes mais tradicionais como a de aves e as vermelhas. Os supermercados são os pontos de vendas mais utilizados pelos consumidores de pescados de renda mais elevada, principalmente na Região Centro-Sul, mas os pequenos estabelecimentos comerciais também possuem grande importância na comercialização de pescados para o consumidor final, principalmente, na Região Norte-Nordeste.Per capita consumption of fish in Brazil is relatively small as compared to other animal proteins. On the supply side, this phenomenon can be explained by several factors such as: low national fish production, the distance between fish supply regions and the main consumptions centers etc. This study analyses the influence of prices and population income on the demand of fish in Brazil. First, the problem of fish supply in Brazil is characterized. It is followed by reviews of the relevant economic theory and the methods of the function and the elasticity calculations for a functional form known by Almost Ideal Demand System - AIDS. A descriptive analysis of fish demand in Brazil using the microdata called the Familiar Budget Research - POF 2002-2003 is presented. Finally, demand functions and their elasticities are calculated for two different cases: one considering 5 groups of animal proteins and other with 7 groups of food categories. These functions are estimated for Brazil as a whole and two macro-regions: Northnortheast and Center-South. The main results are: per capita consumption of fish is low in Brazil because few households consume fish. The pattern of fish consumption in the North-Northeast Region is different as compared to the Center-South. The main substitutes for fish are the processed proteins and not the traditional types of meat as chicken and red meat. For high income households located mainly in Center-South Region, fish are mainly purchased in supermarkets. However, small commercial establishments are still important in the fish retail market, especially in the North-Northeast.
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Ribeiro, Tiago Miranda. "INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA NA INDÚSTRIA BRASILEIRA ENTRE 2003 E 2008." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2014. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/633.
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-15This research analyzes the technological innovation in Brazilian industry between the trieniums 2003-2005 and 2006-2008. To this end, a literature search was made to contributed to the understanding of the subject and to define the type of innovation discussed in this study. Within the theoretical framework, it was attempted to relate innovation with the main strategies of industries used to keep their competitiveness. For the treatment of quantitative data, descriptive statistics were used based on the data of Research on data from the Research of Technological Innovation of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Thus, the research questions brought results from the correlation tests that increased the understanding of innovation process applied.
Esta pesquisa busca analisar a inovação tecnológica na indústria brasileira entre os triênios 2003-2005 e 2006-2008. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica que contribuiu para a compreensão do assunto e para a definição do tipo de inovação abordado neste estudo. Ainda no âmbito do referencial teórico, buscou-se relacionar a inovação com as principais estratégias industriais utilizadas para a manutenção de sua competitividade. Para o tratamento dos dados quantitativos, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva tendo como base os dados da Pesquisa de Inovação Tecnológica do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Assim, foram levantadas questões de investigação que trouxeram resultados, principalmente, a partir dos testes de correlação que ampliaram entendimento do processo de inovação aplicado.
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Castillo, Mamani Wilberth. "Discriminación Salarial por Género en el Perú: 2003-2009." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102513.
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Este trabajo estima la brecha salarial entre los ingresos de hombres y mujeres del mercado laboral peruano a partir de la Encuesta Permanente de Empleo (EPE) en el período 2003 al 2009, para luego descomponer la brecha salarial en un componente asociado a diferencias de características y en otro asociado a diferencias en los retornos de dichas características. Este último elemento se interpreta como discriminación por género. Para tal efecto, en este estudio se estiman las ecuaciones salariales para ambos géneros corrigiendo por sesgo de selección muestral, por medio de la metodología de Heckman. Adicionalmente, se realiza la descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder, la cual cuantifica qué porcentaje del diferencial salarial es explicada por diferencias en las características y en los retornos de las mismas. Los resultados destacan que la desigualdad salarial entre hombres y mujeres se da por la discriminación contra la mujer durante todo el período de análisis y para todas las especificaciones. Al mismo tiempo, la discriminación disminuye cuando se corrige por sesgo de selección muestral. Asimismo, se encuentra un patrón de discriminación salarial por género a lo largo del ciclo de vida, es decir que la discriminación salarial contra la mujer es menor en la etapa de la juventud (de 14 a 45 años) y mayor en la etapa de la adultez y vejez (de 45 a 65 años).
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Lameiro, Simone Simões. "Representações sociais dos centenários na imprensa portuguesa (2003-2013)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/13999.
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Mestrado em GerontologiaEste estudo faz uma análise das representações sociais relativas às pessoas centenárias publicadas nos quatro diários com maior tiragem na imprensa nacional e correspondentes ao espaço temporal decorrido entre os anos de 2003 e 2013. A parte empírica baseou-se numa amostra constituída por 146 notícias jornalísticas. Na análise das notícias surgiram como principais motivos de noticiabilidade: longevidade/esperança de vida, aniversário, óbito, estudo/ciência, envelhecimento demográfico e recordes do Guinness. Os resultados evidenciaram que os conteúdos noticiosos são, de um modo geral, superficiais e tendencialmente idadistas.
This study provides an analysis of the social representations about individuals aged 100 years old and over present in four dailies with the highest circulation in the national press and covering the years 2003 to 2013. The empirical contribution was based on a sample of 146 news stories regarding centenarians. In the analysis of news came the following of newsworthiness: longevity/life expectancy, birthday, death, study/science, aging and Guinness records. The results showed that the news contents are, in general, superficial and to some extent ageist.
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Shams, Siamak. "Information systems : operationalization of agile software development 2003 – 2007." Thesis, Brunel University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556992.
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Sims, Laura Jeanne Reid Donald M. "Contested terrain Harki collective memory in France 2003-2008 /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2185.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of History." Discipline: History; Department/School: History.
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Oliveira, Simone Rosa de. "Informação e memória: registros documentais da Fundarpe - 2003/2009." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1342.
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Previous issue date: 2011Este estudo se direciona prioritariamente para uma reflexão em torno da informação e memória, cujo foco está voltado à produção do conhecimento capaz de contribuir para a política cultural do Estado de Pernambuco. Busca-se neste trabalho apresentar uma reflexão sobre a representatividade da memória documental nos projetos realizados com orçamento do poder público estadual sob responsabilidade da Fundação do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico de Pernambuco Fundarpe. A pesquisa é de natureza bibliográfica e documental, na qual utilizamos como base um referencial científico pautado na Ciência da Informação, além de consulta às fontes documentais: relatórios, editais e leis consolidadas. A abordagem se pauta no paradigma social da informação, buscando compreender os problemas contemporâneos relativos à acessibilidade e uso da memória construída por uma sociedade. Como contribuição, buscou-se nessa pesquisa, deixar clara a política cultural do Estado, sobretudo no que se refere à preservação dos documentos e a necessidade de se fortalecer a memória para garantir sua salvaguarda e disposição futura
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Matějková, Daniela. "Zelení 2003 - 2005 / portrét politické strany jako dramaturgický problém." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Filmová a televizní fakulta. Knihovna, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-253936.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to create a study of my own time-lapse documentary movie
about the Green Party. It tries to grasp my own longtime relationship with the party and with
the movie aiming to find final interpretation of the facts that happened in the years 2003-
2005 in which the party was facing radical transformation. It reflects more personal
than academic interpretation of the movie and the political situation itself. It is based on
several historical film documents which try to set lights to the facts that are usually hidden to
everyday viewer.
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Bonney, Geoffrey, and Peter Alan Widmer. "Cherbourg time : young black and deadly art 2003-2007." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/34407/1/Geoffrey_Bonney_%26_Peter_Widmer_Thesis.pdf.
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Art is most often at the margins of community life, seen as a distraction or entertainment only; an individual’s whim. It is generally seen as without a useful role to play in that community. This is a perception of grown-ups; children seem readily to accept an engagement with art making.
Our research has shown that when an individual is drawn into a crafted art project where they have an actual involvement with the direction and production of the art work, then they become deeply engaged on multiple levels. This is true of all age groups.
Artists skilled in community collaboration are able to produce art of value that transcends the usual judgements of worth. It gives people a licence to unfetter their imagination and then cooperatively be drawn back to a reachable visual solution.
If you engage with children in a community, you engage the extended family at some point.
The primary methodology was to produce a series of educationally valid projects at the Cherbourg State School that had a resonance into that community, then revisit and refine them where necessary and develop a new series that extended all of the positive aspects of them. This was done over a period of five years.
The art made during this time is excellent. The children know it, as do their families, staff at the school, members of the local community and the others who have viewed it in exhibitions in far places like Brisbane and Melbourne. This art and the way it has been made has been acknowledged as useful by the children, teachers and the community, in educational and social terms.
The school is a better place to be. This has been acknowledged by the children, teachers and the community
The art making of the last five years has become an integral part of the way the school now operates and the influence of that has begun to seep into other parts of the community.
Art needs to be taken from the margins and put to work at the centre.
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Akouète, David Coffi. "Décentralisation et politiques sportives locales au Bénin (2003-2008)." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1742/.
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Cette thèse analyse les politiques sportives des collectivités locales dans le contexte de la décentralisation au Bénin. Depuis 2003, selon les textes en vigueur, les collectivités locales béninoises doivent assurer le développement sportif de leur territoire, les activités physiques et sportives (APS) étant considérées comme relevant d'une mission de service public. Ce principe, hérité de la colonisation française, reste globalement peu mis en œuvre dans un pays confronté à des réalités économiques, sociales et politiques bien différentes de celles de la France. Dans ce contexte quelles stratégies sont mobilisées par les collectivités locales pour élaborer leurs politiques sportives? Pour répondre à cette question, l'enquête s'appuie sur plusieurs méthodes de recueil des données : des enquêtes par questionnaires auprès des collectivités locales et de dirigeants sportifs locaux, mais aussi des différentes catégories de pratiquants, une analyse documentaire, et des entretiens avec certains responsables locaux. Une première partie des résultats analyse la quantité et la qualité des équipements sportifs présents dans les communes. Les équipements sportifs construits par l'Etat privilégient le sport de haut niveau et sont inégalement répartis dans le pays. Dans les communes du Bénin, les équipements sportifs sont insuffisants et inadaptés à la demande du public sportif (associations sportives, pratiquants auto-organisés et établissements scolaires). Cette inadaptation des équipements à la demande sociale s'explique d'une part par un problème foncier communal et par le faible développement économique des communes, et d'autre part par un transfert inachevé des compétences de l'Etat aux collectivités locales et par une mauvaise gestion de l'espace territorial par l'Etat avant la décentralisation. Une seconde partie interroge les modalités de construction des politiques sportives municipales, les ressources mobilisées et les contraintes qui pèsent sur les acteurs locaux. Elle montre que le faible niveau d'interactions entre les organes déconcentrés de l'Etat et les communes ne facilite pas l'émergence et le développement des politiques sportives locales. Cependant, un certain nombre de conditions permettent aux communes d'agir : l'importance et la stabilité du budget alloué aux APS, l'intégration des équipements sportifs dans les plans d'aménagement, ou encore la présence d'un service des sports. Les politiques sportives municipales au Bénin se situent ainsi plutôt dans une première étape de leur structuration et sont orientées par un souci d'affirmation de l'identité locale et de la notoriété des élus. Dans cette perspective, comme dans de nombreux pays d'Afrique francophones après l'indépendance, ces politiques municipales prônent le plus souvent le sport de performance, stratégie inadaptée aux réalités socioculturelles, économiques et financières des communes. La dernière partie se rapporte aux différents types de communes et de politiques sportives locales rencontrées au Bénin dans ce contexte de décentralisation inachevée. Les politiques sportives locales varient en effet fortement d'une commune à une autre et selon les tranches de population auxquelles elles appartiennent. On peut ainsi regrouper les communes en fonction des politiques sportives adoptées, des plus " passives " aux plus " actives ", le sport n'ayant pas le même statut selon la catégorie à laquelle elles appartiennent. La réalisation des monographies de trois communes parmi les plus actives, montre qu'au sein de ces communes, les secteurs d'intervention des élus diffèrent selon les caractéristiques de la commune (taille, localisation. . . ), l'histoire sportive locale, le volontarisme des élus, et les usages du sport qu'ils privilégientThis thesis analyses the sport policies of local communities in the context of decentralization in Benin. Since the year 2003, according to the existing legal texts, the local Beninese community must assure the development of sports on their land as the physical and sportive activities (APS) are considered an important mission of public service. This principle, inherited from French colonisation, globally remains little implemented in a country confronted with economical, social and political realities that are very different from those of France. In this context, what strategies are mobilised by the local communities to develop their sports policies? To answer this question, the survey draws on several methods of data collection: questionnaire-based survey to local communities and local sport directors as well as to different groups of sport practitioners, a literature review, and interviews with certain local authorities. The first part of the results analyses the quantity and quality of sport equipments present in the community. Sport equipments constructed by the state favours high level sport and are unequally distributed within the country. In the communities of Benin, sport equipments are insufficient and inappropriate to the demands of the sporting public (sport associations, self-organised sports practitioners, and schools). This poor adaptation of equipments to social demands explains on the one hand a communal land issue and by the weak economical development of the communities, and on the other hand, by an incomplete transfer of competences from the State to the local communities and by the bad land-use planning by the state before decentralization. The second part examines the procedures of municipal policy making, the resources mobilised and the constraints on local actors. The results show that the weak level of interaction between the decentralized State bodies and the local communities do not facilitate the emergence and development of local sports policies. However, a certain number of conditions permit the communities to act: the size and stability of the budget allocated to the APS, the integration of sports equipments and management plans, or the presence of a sports service. The municipal sports policies in Benin are thus rather located in the first stage of their structuring and they are oriented by a problem of an affirmation of a local identity and the reputation of the elected. In this regard, as in many African francophone countries after independence, these municipal policies promote more often than not, performance sport, inappropriate strategy to socio-cultural, economic and financial realities of communities. The last part discusses different types of communities and local sports policies encountered in Benin in the context of incomplete decentralization. The local sports policies vary significantly from one community to another depending on the segment of the population to which they belong. Thus the communities can be regrouped according to the sports policies adopted, from the more "passive" to the more "active", the sport not having the same status according to the group to which they belong. The production of monographs of three communities amongst the most active, show that within these communities, the sectors of intervention differ according to the characteristics of the community (size, location. . . ),the local sports history, the voluntarism of the elected representatives, and their preferred use of sports