Journal articles on the topic '200105 Treatment of human diseases and conditions'
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1
Nikkhoo, Maryam, Qasem Asgari, Mahmood Reza Moein, Kambiz Yaghoobi, and Abbas Gholipour. "In Vitro and In Vivo Survey of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Acorus calamus (Sweet Flag) Rhizome on Toxoplasma gondii." Journal of Parasitology Research 2021 (May 13, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6656023.
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Background. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis disease that can cause a variety range of manifestations in human specially fetus duration and immunodeficiency conditions. Due to toxicity and side effects of current treatment, we evaluated in vivo and in vitro effects of ethyl acetate extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes (rootstocks) on Toxoplasma gondii. Methods. The plant, Acorus calamus, was collected from Sari, North of Iran in spring season. Ethyl acetate extract was provided from plant rhizomes using Soxhlet apparatus. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The mortality effect of different concentrations (1-256 μg/ml) of the extract on Toxoplasma tachyzoites was assessed by flowcytometry and propidium iodide staining. For the therapeutic effect assessment, the tachyzoites were inoculated intraperitoneally to mice, and then these mice were orally and intraperitoneally administered different concentrations (32, 64, 128, and 256 mg/kg) of the extract. Also, an infected group received PBS including DMSO 1% as negative control, and an infected group administered sulfadiazine as positive control. For toxicity evaluation of this extract, a group only received dose 256 mg/kg. Results. The plant extract was rich of phenolic compounds ( 41.27 ± 0.21 mg / g ), whereas it contained fewer amounts of flavonoids ( 4.79 ± 0.01 mg / g ). Results of in vitro experiments showed that there is an inverse relationship between the concentrations and the mortality of the parasites ( I C 50 = 200.01 ± 7.74 μ g / ml ). The highest percentage (62%) of dead tachyzoites was seen at maximum concentration of the extract. A significant longevity (8.9 days) was belonged to mice orally administered extract dose (256 mg/kg/day).Conclusion. The ethyl acetate extract of A. calamus rhizomes had significant anti-Toxoplasma activities either in vitro or in vivo. It may be connected to high amount of phenolic compounds. We suggest that the effects of different fractions and the admin types of the extract will be evaluated on the parasite.
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Dayalan Naidu, Sharadha, and Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova. "KEAP1, a cysteine-based sensor and a drug target for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease." Open Biology 10, no. 6 (June 2020): 200105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.200105.
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Redox imbalance and persistent inflammation are the underlying causes of most chronic diseases. Mammalian cells have evolved elaborate mechanisms for restoring redox homeostasis and resolving acute inflammatory responses. One prominent mechanism is that of inducing the expression of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cytoprotective proteins, while also suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, through the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2). At homeostatic conditions, NRF2 is a short-lived protein, which avidly binds to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). KEAP1 functions as (i) a substrate adaptor for a Cullin 3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets NRF2 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, and (ii) a cysteine-based sensor for a myriad of physiological and pharmacological NRF2 activators. Here, we review the intricate molecular mechanisms by which KEAP1 senses electrophiles and oxidants. Chemical modification of specific cysteine sensors of KEAP1 results in loss of NRF2-repressor function and alterations in the expression of NRF2-target genes that encode large networks of diverse proteins, which collectively restore redox balance and resolve inflammation, thus ensuring a comprehensive cytoprotection. We focus on the cyclic cyanoenones, the most potent NRF2 activators, some of which are currently in clinical trials for various pathologies characterized by redox imbalance and inflammation.
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Calabrese, EJ, G. Dhawan, R. Kapoor, and WJ Kozumbo. "Radiotherapy treatment of human inflammatory diseases and conditions: Optimal dose." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 8 (May 6, 2019): 888–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327119846925.
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During the early part of the past century, hundreds of clinical studies involving more than 37,000 patients were conducted that showed radiotherapy (RT) to be a successful and safe alternative to drug therapy for the treatment of many diverse inflammatory conditions and diseases (e.g. tendonitis, bursitis, arthritis, and serious inflammatory lung conditions). Data from these studies were collected and analyzed with the intent of estimating an optimal dosing range for RT that would induce an efficacious treatment response. RT was reported to be frequently effective after only a single treatment, with a rapid (within 24 h) and often long-lasting (from months to years) relief from symptoms. Over a two-decade span from the 1920s to the 1940s, the therapeutic responses to a single RT treatment consistently improved as the dosing for multiple ailments decreased over time to between 30 roentgen (r) and 100 r. These findings are significant and in agreement with a number of contemporary reports from Germany where RT has been commonly and successfully employed in treating ailments with an inflammatory origin. A proposed mechanism by which RT mitigates inflammation and facilitates healing is via the polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory or M2 phenotype.
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Degterev, Alexei, Dimitry Ofengeim, and Junying Yuan. "Targeting RIPK1 for the treatment of human diseases." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 20 (May 2, 2019): 9714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901179116.
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RIPK1 kinase has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of a wide range of human neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. This was supported by extensive studies which demonstrated that RIPK1 is a key mediator of apoptotic and necrotic cell death as well as inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, human genetic evidence has linked the dysregulation of RIPK1 to the pathogenesis of ALS as well as other inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, unique allosteric small-molecule inhibitors of RIPK1 that offer high selectivity have been developed. These molecules can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, thus offering the possibility to target neuroinflammation and cell death which drive various neurologic conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, and multiple sclerosis as well as acute neurological diseases such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries. We discuss the current understanding of RIPK1 regulatory mechanisms and emerging evidence for the pathological roles of RIPK1 in human diseases, especially in the context of the central nervous systems.
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Antonevich, Natalya, Andrei Hancharou, Oksana Timokhina, Elena Rynda, Yana Minich, Alexander Prokhorov, Tatiana Mokhort, and Konstantin Chizh. "New biomedical cell products for immunotherapy of human diseases." Science and Innovations 2, no. 228 (February 2022): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9857-2022-2-15-23.
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Cellular therapy develops rapidly throughout the world. The list of diseases of various etiologies that are treated with biomedical cellular products is constantly growing. The Center for Immunology and Allergology was opened in the The Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of National Academy of Science of Belarus in 2021. Since that the developing of new biomedical cell products for the correction of immunopathological conditions was started in collaboration with the Belarusian State Medical University. The technologies for producing of biomedical cellular products based on cytokine-induced killer cells for the treatment of oncological diseases of the urogenital area, tolerogenic dendritic cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, and regulatory T lymphocytes for the treatment of sclerosis were developed.
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Sachdeva, Aishani, Jerome Gouge, Christos Kontovounisios, Stella Nikolaou, Alan Ashworth, Kenneth Lim, and Irene Chong. "Klotho and the Treatment of Human Malignancies." Cancers 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061665.
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Klotho was first discovered as an anti-ageing protein linked to a number of age-related disease processes, including cardiovascular, renal, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions. Emerging research has also demonstrated a potential therapeutic role for Klotho in cancer biology, which is perhaps unsurprising given that cancer and ageing share similar molecular hallmarks. In addition to functioning as a tumour suppressor in numerous solid tumours and haematological malignancies, Klotho represents a candidate therapeutic target for patients with these diseases, the majority of whom have limited treatment options. Here, we examine contemporary evidence evaluating the anti-neoplastic effects of Klotho and describe the modulation of downstream oncogenic signalling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, FGF, IGF1, PIK3K/AKT, TGFβ, and the Unfolded Protein Response. We also discuss possible approaches to developing therapeutic Klotho and consider technological advances that may facilitate the delivery of Klotho through gene therapy.
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Gilmiyarova, Frida Nasyrovna, N. A. Kolotyeva, V. I. Kuzmicheva, O. A. Gusyakova, I. A. Borodina, G. M. Baisheva, and I. A. Selezneva. "BLOOD GROUP AND HUMAN DISEASES (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 65, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-4-216-221.
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AB0 blood group antigens were discovered over a century ago; however, it is still important to study their role in development of various pathological conditions. Today it is known that antigenic determinants of this blood group are present not only on erythrocyte membrane but also on other cells and tissues: platelets, gastrointestinal epithelium and salivary glands, respiratory system cells. In the last decade, a large number of studies have appeared to reveal the relationship between a specific disease and blood group type, meta-analyses have been published. Previously, the authors have studied the metabolic status, cell composition and coagulation profile of clinically healthy individuals for more than on 180,000 donations, that allowed to identify group-specific features for each blood group. This review presents generalized data on the association of such pathological conditions as coronary heart disease, thromboembolic complications, tumors of various localizations, inflammatory and destructive oral diseases, psychiatric and some infectious diseases with the presence or absence of antigenic determinants A and B. Carriers of blood group 0 (I) are generally more resistant to diseases, with the exception of H.pylori-associated gastrointestinal diseases. Carriers of «antigenic» blood groups A (II), B (III), AB (IV) are more susceptible to development of infectious, cardiovascular and cancer diseases. The presented data demonstrate clinical significance of the definition of group typing not only for selection of blood and its components during transfusion and transplantation, but also for diagnostics, determination of risk group and tactics for treatment patients with different nosologies.
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MNVS, Sandhya, Vanitha K, and Ramesh A. "Chronic Hypoxia as a Potential Factor in Human Life-threatening Diseases." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 10, no. 4 (July 31, 2017): 3759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2017.10.4.1.
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The review article focuses on the importance of adequate oxygen levels in the body as cure and therapy for many ailments. It is known that hypoxia is the cause for cellular damage and if it can be applied to major patho-physiology’s, it can be observed that slow and chronic hypoxic conditions are the cause for most of the diseases. On the contrary, providing each cell of the body with proper oxygen may be helpful in maintaining the immunity of the body and therefore treating many disease conditions. This theory, if tested may show positive results in heart related diseases, neuronal disorders, stresses, digestive disorders and the unresolved cancer too. Slow decrease in the levels of atmospheric oxygen could be a reason to induce chronic hypoxia. According to Dr. Otto Warburg, a Noble laurate, a normal cell when deprived of oxygen, may get converted to a cancerous cell, whereas a cancerous cell cannot survive in aerobic conditions. If this part of his research be concentrated on, there could be fruitful results in the treatment of cancer. To maintain adequate levels of oxygen in the body, simple yogic breathing practices are helpful. And to maintain the adequate atmospheric oxygen, trees and plants which cleanse the atmospheric air are useful. Clinical surveys on volunteers who have been practicing regular breathing exercises can prove the fact that proper and concentrated respiration could prevent many diseases. Thus, supplementing breathing exercises along with the regular treatment for cancer patients could be helpful in alleviating cancer and other diseases.
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Dastoli, Stefano, Steven Paul Nisticò, Pietro Morrone, Cataldo Patruno, Antonio Leo, Rita Citraro, Luca Gallelli, Emilio Russo, Giovambattista De Sarro, and Luigi Bennardo. "Colchicine in Managing Skin Conditions: A Systematic Review." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020294.
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(1) Background: Colchicine is a natural alkaloid with anti-inflammatory properties used to treat various disorders, including some skin diseases. This paper aims to incorporate all the available studies proposing colchicine as a treatment alternative in the management of cutaneous conditions. (2) Methods: In this systematic review, the available articles present in various databases (PubMed, Scopus-Embase, and Web of Science), proposing colchicine as a treatment for cutaneous pathological conditions, have been selected. Exclusion criteria included a non-English language and non-human studies. (3) Results: Ninety-six studies were included. Most of them were case reports and case series studies describing colchicine as single therapy, or in combination with other drugs. Hidradenitis suppurativa, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, erythema induratum, storage diseases, perforating dermatosis, bullous diseases, psoriasis, vasculitis, acne, urticaria, stomatitis, actinic keratosis, and pustular dermatosis were the main diseases discussed in literature. Although the therapeutic outcomes were variable, most of the studies reported, on average, good clinical results (4) Conclusions: Colchicine could be, as a single therapy or in combination with other drugs, a possible treatment to manage several skin diseases.
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Zanza, Christian, Valentina Facelli, Tastiana Romenskaya, Maria Bottinelli, Giorgia Caputo, Andrea Piccioni, Francesco Franceschi, et al. "Lactic Acidosis Related to Pharmacotherapy and Human Diseases." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15121496.
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Lactic acidosis represents one of the most common conditions that can compromise the health of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, increasing the mortality of patients with high levels of Lactate who do not receive a proper treatment within the first 6 h of hospitalization. There are two enantiomers of lactic acid: L-lactic acid (when the concentration increases, it can lead to a state of severe acidemia risking cardiovascular collapse, causing an increase in mortality in ICU patients) and D lactic acid (produced in the human organism by microbiota and its production increases during some pathological status). Generally, increased levels of serum lactic acid could be due to numerous factors, including hypoxia (caused for example by septic/cardiogenic/hypovolemic or obstructive shock), specific pathologies (e.g., liver disease), use of some drugs (e.g., metformin), presence of toxins, and trauma. Since the underlying cause could be fatal for the ICU patient, it is important to understand the root of this clinical status with a view to correct it and prevent the risk of a poor clinical outcome. Prevention and early treatment are the keys to control the negative clinical consequences. The aim of this review is to revise the scientific literature for further confirmation about the importance of early identification of acidotic statuses and to underline how an early diagnosis can prevent the worst clinical outcome, especially for ICU patients who are more fragile compared to the general population.
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Rashid, Sulthan Al. "The Role of Probiotics in Various Diseases." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 5, no. 3 (February 6, 2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v5i3.292.
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We know that probiotics are found to be useful in various conditions like irritable bowel syndrome, opioid tolerance, indigestion, depression, anxiety, and ADHD. But still, we don’t know the proper mechanism involved in the treatment of these conditions by probiotics supplementation. In this Letter to Editor, I have written one interesting hypothesis which connects probiotics’ common mechanism of action to all these diseases.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 03 July’21 Page: 375-376
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Eliassen, Eva, Gerhard R. Krueger, Mario Luppi, and Dharam Ablashi. "LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE SYNDROMES ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6A AND HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6B." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2018): 2018035. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2018.035.
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Human herpesvirus 6A and 6B (HHV-6A and HHV-6B) have been noted since their discovery for their T-lymphotropism. Although it has proven difficult to determine the extent to which HHV-6A and HHV-6B are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, evidence suggests that primary infection and reactivation of both viruses may induce or contribute to the progression of several lymphoproliferative disorders, ranging from benign to malignant and including infectious mononucleosis-like illness, drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS), and nodular sclerosis Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Herein, we discuss the conditions associated with the lymphoproliferative capacity of HHV-6, as well as the potential mechanisms behind them. Continued exploration on this topic may add to our understanding of the interactions between HHV-6 and the immune system and may open the doors to more accurate diagnosis and treatment of certain lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Pan, Binbin, and Guoping Fan. "Stem cell-based treatment of kidney diseases." Experimental Biology and Medicine 245, no. 10 (April 11, 2020): 902–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370220915901.
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Kidney dysfunction, including chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, is a globally prevalent health problem. However, treatment regimens are still lacking, especially for conditions involving kidney fibrosis. Stem cells hold great promise in the treatment of chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury, but success has been hampered by insufficient incorporation of the stem cells in the injured kidney. Thus, new approaches for the restoration of kidney function after acute or chronic injury have been explored. Recently, kidney organoids have emerged as a useful tool in the treatment of kidney diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and approaches of cell therapy in acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including diabetic kidney disease and lupus nephritis. We also summarize the potential applications of kidney organoids in the treatment of kidney diseases. Impact statement Stem cells hold great promise in regenerative medicine. Pluripotent stem cells have been differentiated into kidney organoids to understand human kidney development and to dissect renal disease mechanisms. Meanwhile, recent studies have explored the treatment of kidney diseases using a variety of cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and renal derivatives. This mini-review discusses the diverse mechanisms underlying current renal disease treatment via stem cell therapy. We postulate that clinical applications of stem cell therapy for kidney diseases can be readily achieved in the near future.
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Mahajan, S. S., and A. Chavan. "NEW AND EMERGING HDAC INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 06 (June 28, 2014): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.06.10115.
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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critical in regulating gene expression and transcription. They also play a fundamental role in regulating cellular activities such as cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Inhibition of histone deacetylases has generated many fascinating results including a new strategy in human cancer therapy. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and romidepsin are the two drugs approved by US FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) like trichostatin A and SAHA are also emerging as new promising drugs for various conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and CNS disorders. This review, along with chemical classification of HDACIs, emphasizes on the therapeutic potential of various HDACIs against different diseases.
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Mahajan, S. S., and A. Chavan. "NEW AND EMERGING HDAC INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES." INDIAN DRUGS 51, no. 06 (June 28, 2014): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.51.06.10115.
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Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critical in regulating gene expression and transcription. They also play a fundamental role in regulating cellular activities such as cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Inhibition of histone deacetylases has generated many fascinating results including a new strategy in human cancer therapy. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and romidepsin are the two drugs approved by US FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. The HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) like trichostatin A and SAHA are also emerging as new promising drugs for various conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and CNS disorders. This review, along with chemical classification of HDACIs, emphasizes on the therapeutic potential of various HDACIs against different diseases.
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Yadav, Prateek Ranjan, Monika Nasrin Munni, Lauryn Campbell, Golam Mostofa, Lewis Dobson, Morayo Shittu, Sudip Kumar Pattanayek, Md Jasim Uddin, and Diganta Bhusan Das. "Translation of Polymeric Microneedles for Treatment of Human Diseases: Recent Trends, Progress, and Challenges." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (July 24, 2021): 1132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081132.
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The ongoing search for biodegradable and biocompatible microneedles (MNs) that are strong enough to penetrate skin barriers, easy to prepare, and can be translated for clinical use continues. As such, this review paper is focused upon discussing the key points (e.g., choice polymeric MNs) for the translation of MNs from laboratory to clinical practice. The review reveals that polymers are most appropriately used for dissolvable and swellable MNs due to their wide range of tunable properties and that natural polymers are an ideal material choice as they structurally mimic native cellular environments. It has also been concluded that natural and synthetic polymer combinations are useful as polymers usually lack mechanical strength, stability, or other desired properties for the fabrication and insertion of MNs. This review evaluates fabrication methods and materials choice, disease and health conditions, clinical challenges, and the future of MNs in public healthcare services, focusing on literature from the last decade.
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Takhellambam Chanu Machathoibi and Asem Surindro Singh. "Medicinal plant derived drugs and their treatment for human diseases like cancer: A review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.2.1128.
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Several medicinal plants have been popularly known and widely used to cure various diseases throughout the planet since ancient times. Various types of plants have been found to cure different kinds of human diseases effectively. Several research are focused on finding specific compounds from medicinal plants that have effective medicinal properties in curing human diseases. Finding the bioactive compounds specific to a disease could help in understanding the properties of the compound towards a disease and thereby its application with more precision and convenience. Understanding the characteristics of the bioactive compound can help in large scale production to be commercially available globally as per the demands and it can direct to design for synthetic production. It will benefit in several ways in terms of reducing the amount of intake as lesser amount would be needed, reducing restriction of availability as the plant grow at certain environmental conditions and overcome inconvenience of transport/portability and preservation and unseasonal availability of the plant. In this short review, plant derived natural products; anticancer properties of cumin from Curcuma longa subsp and the importance of medicinal plants such as Cronton caudatus subsp are highlighted.
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Zullkiflee, Nadzirah, Hussein Taha, and Anwar Usman. "Propolis: Its Role and Efficacy in Human Health and Diseases." Molecules 27, no. 18 (September 19, 2022): 6120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186120.
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With technological advancements in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries, numerous research studies have focused on the propolis produced by stingless bees (Meliponini tribe) and Apis mellifera honeybees as alternative complementary medicines for the potential treatment of various acute and chronic diseases. Propolis can be found in tropical and subtropical forests throughout the world. The composition of phytochemical constituents in propolis varies depending on the bee species, geographical location, botanical source, and environmental conditions. Typically, propolis contains lipid, beeswax, essential oils, pollen, and organic components. The latter include flavonoids, phenolic compounds, polyphenols, terpenes, terpenoids, coumarins, steroids, amino acids, and aromatic acids. The biologically active constituents of propolis, which include countless organic compounds such as artepillin C, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, apigenin, chrysin, galangin, kaempferol, luteolin, genistein, naringin, pinocembrin, coumaric acid, and quercetin, have a broad spectrum of biological and therapeutic properties such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstruct pulmonary disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract-related diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, as well as neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and immuno-inflammatory agents. Therefore, this review aims to provide a summary of recent studies on the role of propolis, its constituents, its biologically active compounds, and their efficacy in the medicinal and pharmaceutical treatment of chronic diseases.
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&NA;. "COMORBID CONDITIONS, TREATMENT AND HEALTH MAINTENANCE IN OLDER PERSONS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION IN NEW YORK CITY." Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice 11, no. 6 (August 2002): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019048-200208000-00019.
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Boltenkova, P. S., G. E. Runova, T. B. Morgunova, and V. V. Fadeev. "Human immunodeficiency virus influence bone tissue." Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 100, no. 2-3 (June 24, 2022): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2022-100-2-3-85-90.
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The impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy upon mineral metabolism and bone mineral density is being studied worldwide. Patients with HIV are a risk group for reduced bone mineral density as these diseases are more common in them than in healthy people. The report presents a review of the literature on the topic. The review consists of several parts, and each of them deals with the effect of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on bony tissue and osteoclastogenesis at different levels: molecular, cellular, tissue, hormonal and various extracellular protein levels. Due to modern diagnostics and treatment, the survival rate of patients with HIV infection has increased significantly. It has led to the problem of developing not only dysimmunity but also age-related diseases. When discussing the problem of bone formation and bone resorption in HIV, the multifactorial nature of these conditions must be considered to further prediction of secondary diseases development to adjust patient's management for hormonal and age-related changes, resource allocation, and educating health professionals in diagnosis and treatment. The review relies on the data from peer-reviewed medical journals, using a bibliographic search method and relevant internet resources, including PubMed.
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Rosalik, Kendal, Christopher Tarney, and Jasmine Han. "Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination." Viruses 13, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): 1091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13061091.
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Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide causing a variety of benign and malignant conditions. A significant portion of the global population is infected with HPV, with the virus attributed to causing up to 5% of cancers worldwide. Bivalent, quadrivalent, and nine-valent vaccinations exist to aid in the prevention of these diseases and have been proven to be effective at preventing both benign and malignant disease. While vaccination is readily accessible in more developed countries, barriers exist to worldwide distribution and acceptance of vaccination. Vaccination and screening of HPV infection when used in combination are proven and predicted to decrease HPV related pathology. Improvements in vaccination formulations, for treatment as well as prevention, are actively being sought from a variety of mechanisms. Despite these advancements, and the data supporting their efficacy, there has been substantial delay in obtaining adequate vaccination coverage. In reviewing these challenges and looking forward to new vaccine development—especially within the current pandemic—it is clear from the challenges of HPV we require methods to more effectively encourage vaccination, ways to dispel vaccination myths as they occur, and implement better processes for vaccine distribution globally.
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Safarov, M. T., F. A. Khusanbaeva, K. M. Tashpulatova, and A. M. Khodjiberganov. "THE USE OF PLATELET AUTOPLASMA IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2021): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-2-1.
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The search for new ways of early detection and improving the effectiveness of treatinginflammatory periodontal diseases is one of the urgent tasks in modern dentistry. Inflammatory diseases in the periodontal tissues lead to the loss of teeth, the appearance offoci of chronic infection in the oral cavity, a decrease in the body's reactivity, microbial sensitization, and the development of allergic conditions. This pathological process is not a strictly limited pathology but, as a rule, is just one of the manifestations of more serious systemic diseases. The general state of human health, the quality of life, his socio-mental status and even his role in society suffer.Keywords:periodontium, inflammation, platelet autoplasm
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Seo, Ha-Rim, Hyeong-Jun Han, Youngsun Lee, Young-Woock Noh, Seung-Ju Cho, and Jung-Hyun Kim. "Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Alveolar Organoid with Macrophages." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 16 (August 16, 2022): 9211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169211.
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Alveolar organoids (AOs), derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) exhibit lung-specific functions. Therefore, the application of AOs in pulmonary disease modeling is a promising tool for understanding disease pathogenesis. However, the lack of immune cells in organoids limits the use of human AOs as models of inflammatory diseases. In this study, we generated AOs containing a functional macrophage derived from hPSCs based on human fetal lung development using biomimetic strategies. We optimized culture conditions to maintain the iMACs (induced hPSC-derived macrophages) AOs for up to 14 days. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory conditions, IL-1β, MCP-1 and TNF-α levels were significantly increased in iMAC-AOs, which were not detected in AOs. In addition, chemotactic factor IL-8, which is produced by mononuclear phagocytic cells, was induced by LPS treatment in iMACs-AOs. iMACs-AOs can be used to understand pulmonary infectious diseases and is a useful tool in identifying the mechanism of action of therapeutic drugs in humans. Our study highlights the importance of immune cell presentation in AOs for modeling inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
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Speciale, Alfina A., Ruth Ellerington, Thomas Goedert, and Carlo Rinaldi. "Modelling Neuromuscular Diseases in the Age of Precision Medicine." Journal of Personalized Medicine 10, no. 4 (October 17, 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm10040178.
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Advances in knowledge resulting from the sequencing of the human genome, coupled with technological developments and a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms of pathogenesis are paving the way for a growing role of precision medicine in the treatment of a number of human conditions. The goal of precision medicine is to identify and deliver effective therapeutic approaches based on patients’ genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. With the exception of cancer, neurological diseases provide the most promising opportunity to achieve treatment personalisation, mainly because of accelerated progress in gene discovery, deep clinical phenotyping, and biomarker availability. Developing reproducible, predictable and reliable disease models will be key to the rapid delivery of the anticipated benefits of precision medicine. Here we summarize the current state of the art of preclinical models for neuromuscular diseases, with particular focus on their use and limitations to predict safety and efficacy treatment outcomes in clinical trials.
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Petrunin, D. D. "Microbiome of human skin - its immunohomeostatic role and the role in pathogenesis of skin diseases." Russian Journal of Allergy 15, no. 1 (December 15, 2018): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja190.
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In the last decade new methods of metagenomic analysis allowed to obtain important data regarding the microbiome of human skin. The problem of colonization and secondary infection by pathogenic microbes is of special importance for allergic dermatoses that require topical immunosuppressive therapy. One of treatment options in this case could be topical multicomponent drugs that allow successful treatment of infectious complications of inflammatory dermatoses. But there are still a lot of blanks regarding both fundamental questions regarding human skin microbiome and practice aspects of treatment of skin diseases where it plays a pathogenetic role. This literature review systematizes and structures the accumulated data regarding the composition and the role of human skin microbiome in normal conditions and in various skin diseases as well as summarizes clinical data of use of combinational topical glucocorticosteroid drugs. Furthermore, some algorithms concerning the choice and optimization of topical treatment of secondary infected dermatoses are outlined.
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Nobile, Stefano, and Lucio Nobile. "Nanotechnology and Early Human Development." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 4323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124323.
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The application of nanotechnology, molecular biotechnologies, and nano-sciences for medical purposes has been termed nanomedicine, a promising growing area of medical research. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of and discuss nanotechnology applications in the early epochs of life, from transplacental transfer to neonatal/pediatric conditions. Diagnostic and therapeutic applications, mainly related to the respiratory tract, the neurosensory system, and infections, are explored and discussed. Preclinical studies show promising results for a variety of conditions, including for the treatment of pregnancy complications and fetal, neonatal, and pediatric diseases. However, given the complexity of the functions and interactions between the placenta and the fetus, and the complex and incompletely understood determinants of tissue growth and differentiation during early life, there is a need for much more data to confirm the safety and efficacy of nanotechnology in this field.
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Mardinoglu, Adil, Dilek Ural, Mujdat Zeybel, Hatice Hilal Yuksel, Mathias Uhlén, and Jan Borén. "The Potential Use of Metabolic Cofactors in Treatment of NAFLD." Nutrients 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2019): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11071578.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by the imbalance between lipid deposition and lipid removal from the liver, and its global prevalence continues to increase dramatically. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of pathological conditions including simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Even though there is a multi-disciplinary effort for development of a treatment strategy for NAFLD, there is not an approved effective medication available. Single or combined metabolic cofactors can be supplemented to boost the metabolic processes altered in NAFLD. Here, we review the dosage and usage of metabolic cofactors including l-carnitine, Nicotinamide riboside (NR), l-serine, and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) in human clinical studies to improve the altered biological functions associated with different human diseases. We also discuss the potential use of these substances in treatment of NAFLD and other metabolic diseases including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases of which pathogenesis is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Rochet, Jean-Christophe. "Novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of protein-misfolding diseases." Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 9, no. 17 (June 2007): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1462399407000385.
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Most proteins in the cell adopt a compact, globular fold that determines their stability and function. Partial protein unfolding under conditions of cellular stress results in the exposure of hydrophobic regions normally buried in the interior of the native structure. Interactions involving the exposed hydrophobic surfaces of misfolded protein conformers lead to the formation of toxic aggregates, including oligomers, protofibrils and amyloid fibrils. A significant number of human disorders (e.g. Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and type II diabetes) are characterised by protein misfolding and aggregation. Over the past five years, outstanding progress has been made in the development of therapeutic strategies targeting these diseases. Three promising approaches include: (1) inhibiting protein aggregation with peptides or small molecules identified via structure-based drug design or high-throughput screening; (2) interfering with post-translational modifications that stimulate protein misfolding and aggregation; and (3) upregulating molecular chaperones or aggregate-clearance mechanisms. Ultimately, drug combinations that capitalise on more than one therapeutic strategy will constitute the most effective treatment for patients with these devastating illnesses.
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Petreska Ivanovska, Tanja, Maja Jurhar Pavlova, Kristina Mladenovska, and Lidija Petrushevska-Tozi. "Probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics in prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases." Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 60, no. 02 (2014): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2014.60.02.001.
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Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are functional components able to exert positive effects on human health. Numerous medical conditions lack effective and safe approaches for prevention or treatment, thus usage of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics is an alternative. Further, the benefit related to the consumption of these compounds is associated with lower morbidity of chronic diseases and reduced health-care costs. Various types of mediums to deliver probiotics/synbiotics to the human GIT are used. Although capsules and tablets are frequently applied as delivery systems for probiotics, the major challenge of the commercial sector is to market new functional foods containing probiotics and/or prebiotics. Discovering of new probiotic/synbiotic functional foods is connected to the interest of the food industry to revitalize continuously through introduction of products with improved nutritional value and pleasant taste, but also with health benefit for the consumers. The review provides insights and new perspectives in respect to usage of functional components and foods in prevention and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) that are highly correlated with the modern lifestyle. The therapeutic and safety properties of probiotics and prebiotics, their role in pathogenesis of IBD, potential to prevent and treat these diseases as well as postulated mechanisms of action will be discussed, highlighting the main areas in which further research is an emergence.
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Basaria, Shehzad, Justin T. Wahlstrom, and Adrian S. Dobs. "Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 86, no. 11 (November 1, 2001): 5108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.86.11.7983.
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The purpose of this study was to review the preclinical and clinical literature relevant to the efficacy and safety of anabolic androgen steroid therapy for palliative treatment of severe weight loss associated with chronic diseases. Data sources were published literature identified from the Medline database from January 1966 to December 2000, bibliographic references, and textbooks. Reports from preclinical and clinical trials were selected. Study designs and results were extracted from trial reports. Statistical evaluation or meta-analysis of combined results was not attempted. Androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) are widely prescribed for the treatment of male hypogonadism; however, they may play a significant role in the treatment of other conditions as well, such as cachexia associated with human immunodeficiency virus, cancer, burns, renal and hepatic failure, and anemia associated with leukemia or kidney failure. A review of the anabolic effects of androgens and their efficacy in the treatment of these conditions is provided. In addition, the numerous and sometimes serious side effects that have been known to occur with androgen use are reviewed. Although the threat of various side effects is present, AAS therapy appears to have a favorable anabolic effect on patients with chronic diseases and muscle catabolism. We recommend that AAS can be used for the treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome wasting and in severely catabolic patients with severe burns. Preliminary data in renal failure-associated wasting are also positive. Advantages and disadvantages should be weighed carefully when comparing AAS therapy to other weight-gaining measures. Although a conservative approach to the use of AAS in patients with chronic diseases is still recommended, the utility of AAS therapy in the attenuation of severe weight loss associated with disease states such as cancer, postoperative recovery, and wasting due to pulmonary and hepatic disease should be more thoroughly investigated.
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Xu, Tao, Wei Ding, Xiaoyu Ji, Xiang Ao, Ying Liu, Wanpeng Yu, and Jianxun Wang. "Oxidative Stress in Cell Death and Cardiovascular Diseases." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (November 4, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9030563.
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ROS functions as a second messenger and modulates multiple signaling pathways under the physiological conditions. However, excessive intracellular ROS causes damage to the molecular components of the cell, which promotes the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are serious threats to human health with extremely high rates of morbidity and mortality. Dysregulation of cell death promotes the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and is the clinical target during the disease treatment. Numerous studies show that ROS production is closely linked to the cell death process and promotes the occurrence and development of the cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the regulation of intracellular ROS, the roles of ROS played in the development of cardiovascular diseases, and the programmed cell death induced by intracellular ROS. We also focus on anti-ROS system and the potential application of anti-ROS strategy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Hayashi, Tsuyoshi, Yoko Yamaoka, Atsushi Ito, Takashi Kamaishi, Ryuichi Sugiyama, Mary K. Estes, Masamichi Muramatsu, and Kosuke Murakami. "Evaluation of Heat Inactivation of Human Norovirus in Freshwater Clams Using Human Intestinal Enteroids." Viruses 14, no. 5 (May 10, 2022): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14051014.
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Foodborne disease attributed to the consumption of shellfish contaminated with human norovirus (HuNoV) is one of many global health concerns. Our study aimed to determine the conditions of the heat-inactivation of HuNoV in freshwater clams (Corbicula japonica) using a recently developed HuNoV cultivation system employing stem-cell derived human intestinal enteroids (HIEs). We first measured the internal temperature of the clam tissue in a water bath during boiling at 90 °C and found that approximately 2 min are required for the tissue to reach 90 °C. Next, GII.4 HuNoV was spiked into the center of the clam tissue, followed by boiling at 90 °C for 1, 2, 3, or 4 min. The infectivity of HuNoV in the clam tissue homogenates was evaluated using HIEs. We demonstrated that HuNoV in unboiled clam tissue homogenates replicated in HIEs, whereas infectivity was lost in all boiled samples, indicating that heat treatment at 90 °C for 1 min inactivates HuNoV in freshwater clams in our current HIE culture system. To our knowledge, this is the first study to determine the thermal tolerability of HuNoV in shellfish using HIEs, and our results could be informative for developing strategies to inactivate HuNoV in shellfish.
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Parkhomenko, K. Yu, A. G. Drozdova, M. V. Suplychenko, and K. A. Prokopenko. "OBSERVATION OF A CLINICAL CASE OF TREATMENT OF A PATIENT WITH FILARIASIS." Kharkiv Surgical School, no. 4-5 (October 26, 2022): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37699/2308-7005.4-5.2022.30.
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Summary. According to WHO data, about 4.5 million people are affected by parasitic diseases. In the last decade, the attention of clinicians has been drawn to parasitic diseases caused by helminth larvae of animals that are not characteristic of humans. Filariasis is the only transmissible human helminthosis in Ukraine. Despite the fact that there is an opinion that helminthiasis has become “forgotten diseases” in modern conditions, there is a tendency to underestimate their medical and social importance all over the world. In confirmation of the above, the article describes the case of treatment of a patient with filariasis. This clinical example demonstrates that this topic is relevant not only for effectionist doctors, but also for doctors of other specialties. Helminthiasis is often the last point in the chain of differential diagnostic thinking of the doctor. The urgency of the problem is due primarily to the significant prevalence, the pronounced negative impact on the human body, the polymorphism of clinical manifestations, which complicates the differential diagnosis of diseases, the lack of sterile immunity and specific methods of prevention.
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Speer, Hollie, Nathan M. D’Cunha, Natalie I. Alexopoulos, Andrew J. McKune, and Nenad Naumovski. "Anthocyanins and Human Health—A Focus on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Disease." Antioxidants 9, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9050366.
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Consumption of anthocyanins (ACNs), due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, has been proposed for the prevention and treatment of several different diseases and conditions. ACNs are recognized as one of the leading nutraceuticals for prolonging health benefits through the attenuation of oxidative stress, and inflammatory or age-related diseases. Increased consumption of ACNs has the potential to attenuate the damage ensuing from oxidative stress, inflammation, enhance cardiometabolic health, and delay symptoms in predisposed neuropathology. A myriad of evidence supports ACN consumption as complementary or standalone treatment strategies for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), neurodegenerative diseases, as well as, more recently, for the modulation of gut bacteria and bone metabolism. While these findings indicate the beneficial effects of ACN consumption, their food sources differ vastly in ACN composition and thus potentially in their physiological effects. Consumption of foods high in ACNs can be recommended for their potential beneficial health effects due to their relatively easy and accessible addition to the everyday diet.
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Andrade, Luis E. C. "Future perspective for diagnosis in autoimmune diseases." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 81, no. 3 (September 2009): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652009000300004.
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Human beings have taken successive approaches for the understanding and management of diseases. Initially brewed in supernatural concepts and mystical procedures, a vigorous scientific approach has emerged on the grounds of fundamental disciplines such as anatomy, microbiology, biochemistry, physiology, immunology, pathology, and pharmacology. The resulting integrated knowledge contributed to the current classification of diseases and the way Medicine is carried out today. Despite considerable progress, this approach is rather insufficient when it comes to systemic inflammatory conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, that covers clinical conditions ranging from mild pauci-symptomatic diseases to rapidly fatal conditions. The treatment for such conditions is often insufficient and novel approaches are needed for further progress in these areas of Medicine. A recent breakthrough has been achieved with respect to chronic auto-inflammatory syndromes, in which molecular dissection of underlying gene defects has provided directions for target-oriented therapy. Such approach may be amenable to application in systemic auto-immune diseases with the comprehension that such conditions may be the consequence of interaction of specific environmental stimuli and an array of several and interconnected gene polymorphisms. On the bulk of this transformation, the application of principles of pharmacogenetics may lead the way towards a progressively stronger personalized Medicine.
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Nasonov, Evgeny L. "Role of interleukin-1 in human diseases: pharmacotherapy prospects: A review." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 94, no. 8 (October 12, 2022): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2022.08.201781.
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According to current concepts, human immunoinflammatory diseases (IIDs), depending on the prevailing mechanisms of immunopathogenesis, are divided into two main categories: autoimmune and autoinflammatory. At the same time, both autoimmune and autoinflammatory mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of most IIDs, and the complex interaction of these mechanisms is reflected in the polymorphism of clinical presentation, course variants, outcomes and therapy efficacy. It is suggested that in IIDs, overproduction of cytokines of the interleukin (IL)-1 family, which is one of the key regulators of innate immunity, determines the "crossing" between autoinflammation and autoimmunity mechanisms. Currently, anakinra, a recombinant non-glycosylated analog of the IL-1 receptor antagonist that blocks both IL-1b and IL-1a signaling, and canakinumab, a monoclonal antibody to IL-1b, are used in clinical practice to inhibit the pathological effects of IL-1. Analysis of the treatment outcomes with these drugs suggests that IL-1 inhibition should be considered a promising direction of pharmacotherapy of systemic autoinflammatory diseases and critical conditions associated with hyperinflammation in children and adults.
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Huang, Qi, Juan Yang, Robby Miguel Wen-Jing Goh, Mingliang You, Lingzhi Wang, and Zhaowu Ma. "Hypoxia-Induced circRNAs in Human Diseases: From Mechanisms to Potential Applications." Cells 11, no. 9 (April 19, 2022): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11091381.
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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special class of endogenous RNAs characterized by closed loop structures lacking 5′ to 3′ polarity and polyadenylated tails. They are widely present in various organisms and are more stable and conserved than linear RNAs. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNAs play important roles in physiology-related processes. Under pathological conditions, hypoxia usually worsens disease progression by manipulating the microenvironment for inflammation and invasion through various dysregulated biological molecules. Among them, circRNAs, which are involved in many human diseases, including cancer, are associated with the overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factors. However, the precise mechanisms of hypoxic regulation by circRNAs remain largely unknown. This review summarizes emerging evidence regarding the interplay between circRNAs and hypoxia in the pathophysiological changes of diverse human diseases, including cancer. Next, the impact of hypoxia-induced circRNAs on cancer progression, therapeutic resistance, angiogenesis, and energy metabolism will be discussed. Last, but not least, the potential application of circRNAs in the early detection, prognosis, and treatment of various diseases will be highlighted.
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Gromakina, E. V., N. V. Tyunina, E. D. Egorova, and E. A. Sozurakova. "Pathogenetic aspects of cataract in comorbid conditions." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 5 (September 30, 2022): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2022-5-65-68.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance. Research by ophthalmologists, biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, physiologists have shown the significance of xeno- and endobiotic effects on the induction of cataracts and other degenerative diseases of the structures and membranes of the eye. Objective research goal was an evaluation of comorbid background in people of different ages with a diagnosis of senile cataract. Material and methods an analysis of the case histories of 173 patients of an independent sample with a diagnosis of "senile cataract" admitted for planned inpatient surgical treatment was carried out. The evaluation was carried out by decades of human life: younger than 40 years old, 41–50 years old, 51–60 years old, 61–70 years old, 71–80 years old and over 80 years old. The Charlson method was used to calculate the comorbidity index. Results patients who had senile cataract and concomitant somatic diseases, the most frequent- diseases of the cardiovascular system – 129 (74.6 %); violation of carbohydrate metabolism – 35 (20.2 %); diseases of the central nervous system – 33 (19.1 %); musculoskeletal system – 30 (17.3 %); diseases of the respiratory system – 19 (11.0 %). Conclusions. 1. A human's age of 51–60 years should be considered critical for the occurrence of senile cataract. 2. In the decade of life 51–60 years, there is an increase in persons with senile cataract by 3.3 and the frequency of concomitant somatic pathology (according to the index of comorbidity) by 2.25. Keywords: senile cataract, age, somatic diseases, index of comorbidity
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Paragh, Lilla, and Daniel Törőcsik. "Factor XIII Subunit A in the Skin: Applications in Diagnosis and Treatment." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3571861.
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The role of factor XIII subunit A (FXIII-A) is not restricted to hemostasis. FXIII-A is also present intracellularly in several human cells and serves as a diagnostic marker in a wide range of dermatological diseases from inflammatory conditions to malignancies. In this review, we provide a guide on the still controversial interpretation of dermal cell types expressing FXIII-A and assess the previously described mechanisms behind their accumulation under physiological and pathological conditions of the human skin. We summarize the intracellular functions of FXIII-A as well as its possible sources in the extracellular space of the dermis with a focus on its relevance to skin homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Finally, the potential role of FXIII-A in wound healing, as a field with long-term therapeutic implications, is also discussed.
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Bertoni, Giuseppe. "Human, Animal and Planet Health for Complete Sustainability." Animals 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 1301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051301.
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In order to discuss the concepts of animal health and sustainability, we must remind ourselves that ASF (animal source foods) can play a large role in human health, but that animals are assumed to have a negative role in the environment. Indeed, ASF can compromise human health, both in excess and in deficiency, so a proper amount of them is important. In addition, the environmental impact of farmed animals: land occupation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy use and water utilization, acidification and eutrophication, must be minimized by reducing ASF consumption, as well as by increasing productivity. To achieve this, besides genetics, feeding and good management, the hygienic-sanitary and comfort conditions that ensure good health and welfare are essential. Impaired animal health can cause zoonosis and food-borne diseases and be responsible for economic and socio-economic losses (lower production-productivity and profitability) with consequential effects on the planet’s health too, and there are big differences between developing and developed countries. In the former, a prevalence of endemic infectious diseases and parasites is observed, and there is a lack of tools to restrain them; in the latter there is a decline of the above diseases, but an increase of stress-related diseases. Their reduction is equally important but requires a different strategy. In developing countries, the strategy should be to facilitate the availability of prevention and treatment means, while in developed countries it is necessary to use drugs correctly (to reduce residues, especially antimicrobials which are associated with important resistance risks to antibiotics) and improve the living conditions of animals (welfare).
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Moon, Eun-Kyung, So-Hee Kim, Yeonchul Hong, Dong-Il Chung, Youn-Kyoung Goo, and Hyun-Hee Kong. "Autophagy Inhibitors as a Potential Antiamoebic Treatment for Acanthamoeba Keratitis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 7 (April 20, 2015): 4020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.05165-14.
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ABSTRACTAcanthamoebacysts are resistant to extreme physical and chemical conditions. Autophagy is an essential pathway for encystation ofAcanthamoebacells. To evaluate the possibility of an autophagicAcanthamoebaencystation mechanism, we evaluated autophagy inhibitors, such as 3-methyladenine (3MA), LY294002, wortmannin, bafilomycin A, and chloroquine. Among these autophagy inhibitors, the use of 3MA and chloroquine showed a significant reduction in the encystation ratio inAcanthamoebacells. Wortmannin also inhibited the formation of mature cysts, while LY294002 and bafilomycin A did not affect the encystation ofAcanthamoebacells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that 3MA and wortmannin inhibited autophagy formation and that chloroquine interfered with the formation of autolysosomes. Inhibition of autophagy or autolysosome formation resulted in a significant block in the encystation inAcanthamoebacells. Clinical treatment with 0.02% polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) showed high cytopathic effects onAcanthamoebatrophozoites and cysts; however, it also revealed high cytopathic effects on human corneal epithelial cells. In this study, we investigated effects of the combination of a low (0.00125%) concentration of PHMB with each of the autophagy inhibitors 3MA, wortmannin, and chloroquine onAcanthamoebaand human corneal epithelial cells. These new combination treatments showed low cytopathic effects on human corneal cells and high cytopathic effects onAcanthamoebacells. Taken together, these results provide fundamental information for optimizing the treatment ofAcanthamoebakeratitis.
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Kartseva, A. S., A. K. Ryabko, M. A. Marin, Ya O. Romanenko, O. V. Kalmantaeva, A. E. Khlyntseva, I. G. Shemyakin, I. A. Dyatlov, and V. V. Firstova. "Optimization of Electrofusion Parameters for Producing Hybridomas Synthesizing Human Monoclonal Antibodies." Biotekhnologiya 37, no. 2 (2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2021-37-2-65-75.
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Monoclonal antibodies are an established treatment for many diseases, including cancer, toxic conditions and infectious diseases. The goal of this work was to optimize the conditions for obtaining hybridomas secreting human monoclonal IgG antibodies. A new protocol was developed for efficient electrofusion of human B lymphocytes with partner cells. Electrofusion parameters were optimized, and the preferred partner cell line and the ratio of cells involved in the fusion were selected. Two myeloma cell lines, K6H6/B5 and SHM-D33, were tested in detail, and the highest fusion efficiency was observed for K6H6/B5. Three hybridomas that secreted fully human monoclonal IgG antibodies were obtained using an optimized protocol electrofusion; the secretion was observed within a month, which indicates the stability of the clones and the absence of chromosome segregation. hybridoma, human monoclonal antibodies, PEG, electrofusion The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement no. 075-15-2019-1671, October 31, 2019).
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Cheon, So Yeong, Jeongmin Kim, So Yeon Kim, Eun Jung Kim, and Bon-Nyeo Koo. "Inflammasome and Cognitive Symptoms in Human Diseases: Biological Evidence from Experimental Research." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (February 7, 2020): 1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031103.
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Cognitive symptoms are prevalent in the elderly and are associated with an elevated risk of developing dementia. Disease-driven changes can cause cognitive disabilities in memory, attention, and language. The inflammasome is an innate immune intracellular complex that has a critical role in the host defense system, in that it senses infectious pathogen-associated and endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns. An unbalanced or dysregulated inflammasome is associated with infectious, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. Due to its importance in such pathological conditions, the inflammasome is an emerging drug target for human diseases. A growing number of studies have revealed links between cognitive symptoms and the inflammasome. Several studies have shown that reducing the inflammasome component mitigates cognitive symptoms in diseased states. Therefore, understanding the inflammasome regulatory mechanisms may be required for the prevention and treatment of cognitive symptoms. The purpose of this review is to discuss the current understanding of the inflammasome and its relationships with cognitive symptoms in various human diseases.
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Novruz qızı Xələfli, Xatirə. "Epidemiological control of parasitic diseases in modern conditions." SCIENTIFIC WORK 82, no. 9 (September 17, 2022): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/82/56-60.
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Həyata keçirilən müayinələrin sayəsində müasir mərhələdə nematodozların klinik-mikrobioloji xüsusiyyətləri və markerləri aşkar edilmişdir ki, onlar da gizli və ya çətin aşkar edilən helmintozların diaqnostikasına kömək edə bilərlər. Alınmış məlumatların təhlili zamanı aşkar edilmişdir ki, xəstəliyin gedişi iltihabəleyhinə sitokinlərin səviyyəsinin xeyli yüksəlməsi ilə müşayiət olunmuşdur. Bütün iltihabəleyhinə sitokinlərin miqdarı kontrol qrupla müqayisədə yüksək olmuşdur (p<0,05). 91,8±5,3% xəstələrdə intoksikasiya sindromu, 72,8±4,6% xəstələrdə mədə-bağırsaq yolunun disfunksiyası sindromu müşahidə edilmişdir. İltihabəleyhinə sitokinlərin dinamikasının klinik əlamətlər arasında sıx korrelyasiya əlaqəsini aşkar etmişik: intoksikasiya sindromu və İL-1 (r=0,76); intoksikasiya sindromu və İL-6 (r=0,68). Müalicənin nəticələrindən asılı olaraq iltihabəleyhinə sitokinlərin dinamikasının müayinəsi aparılmış dehelmintizasiyanın effektivliyinin əlavə meyarı kimi xidmət edə bilər. Həyata keçirilən müayinələr aşağıdakı nəticələri əldə etməyə imkan verir: yoğun bağırsağın mikroflorasının vəziyyətinin, iltihabəleyhinə sitokinlərin göstəricilərinin dinamikasının müayinəsi bu xəstələrdə askaridozun bağırsaq mərhələsinin dehelmintizasiyasının effektivliyinin qiymətləndirilməsinin əlavə meyarı kimi xidmət edə bilər. Açar sözlər: bağırsaq parazitar xəstəlikləri, insan parazitozları, qurd invaziyaları, diaqnostika, kriteriyalar, proqnoz, epidemioloji aspektlər, risk amilləri, epidemioloji nəzarət Khatira Novruz Khalafli Epidemiological control of parasitic diseases in modern conditions Abstract Clinical-microbiological characteristics and markers of nematodes at the modern stage have been revealed thanks to the conducted examinations, which can help in the diagnosis of hidden or difficult to detect helminthosis. During the analysis of the received data, it was found that the course of the disease was accompanied by a significant increase in the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The amount of all anti-inflammatory cytokines was higher compared to the control group (p<0.05). Intoxication syndrome was observed in 91.8±5.3% of patients, gastrointestinal dysfunction syndrome in 72.8±4.6% of patients. We found a close correlation between the dynamics of anti-inflammatory cytokines and clinical signs: intoxication syndrome and IL-1 (r=0.76); intoxication syndrome and IL-6 (r=0.68). Depending on the results of the treatment, the examination of the dynamics of anti-inflammatory cytokines can serve as an additional measure of the effectiveness of the performed deworming. The performed examinations allow obtaining the following results: the examination of the state of the colonic microflora, the dynamics of indicators of anti-inflammatory cytokines can serve as an additional criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of the deworming of the intestinal stage of ascariasis in these patients. Keywords: intestinal parasitic diseases, human parasitosis, worm infestations, diagnosis, criteria, prognosis, epidemiological aspects, risk factors, epidemiological control
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Lin, Pin-Fang, Beata Nowicka-Sans, Brian Terry, Sharon Zhang, Chunfu Wang, Li Fan, Ira Dicker, et al. "Entecavir Exhibits Inhibitory Activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus under Conditions of Reduced Viral Challenge." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 52, no. 5 (March 3, 2008): 1759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01313-07.
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ABSTRACT Entecavir (ETV) was developed for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and is globally approved for that indication. Initial preclinical studies indicated that ETV had no significant activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in cultured cell lines at physiologically relevant ETV concentrations, using traditional anti-HIV assays. In response to recent clinical observations of anti-HIV activity of ETV in HIV/HBV-coinfected patients not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), additional investigative studies were conducted to expand upon earlier results. An extended panel of HIV-1 laboratory and clinical strains and cell types was tested against ETV, along with a comparison of assay methodologies and resistance profiling. These latest studies confirmed that ETV has only weak activity against HIV, using established assay systems. However, a >100-fold enhancement of antiviral activity (equivalent to the antiviral activity of lamivudine) could be obtained when assay conditions were modified to reduce the initial viral challenge. Also, the selection of a M184I virus variant during the passage of HIV-1 at high concentrations of ETV confirmed that ETV can exert inhibitory pressure on the virus. These findings may have a significant impact on how future assays are performed with compounds to be used in patients infected with HIV. These results support the recommendation that ETV therapy should be administered in concert with HAART for HIV/HBV-coinfected patients.
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Kramer, Matthias F., and Matthew D. Heath. "Probiotics in the Treatment of Chronic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Chronic Rhinosinusitis." Journal of Allergy 2014 (April 28, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/983635.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis (CRS) are relevant health conditions affecting significant percentages of the western population. They are frequently coexisting and aggravating diseases. Both are chronic, noninfectious, and inflammatory conditions sharing to a certain extent important pathophysiologic similarities. Beneficial effects of probiotics are long known to mankind. Research is beginning to unravel the true nature of the human microbiome and its interaction with the immune system. The growing prevalence of atopic diseases in the developed world led to the proposition of the “hygiene hypothesis.” Dysbiosis is linked to atopic diseases; probiotic supplementation is able to alter the microbiome and certain probiotic strains have immunomodulatory effects in favour of a suppression of Th-2 and stimulation of a Th1 profile. This review focuses on randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials investigating clinical parameters in the treatment of chronic rhinitis and CRS. An emerging number of publications demonstrate beneficial effects using probiotics in clinical double-blind placebo-controlled (dbpc) trials in allergic rhinitis (AR). Using probiotics as complementary treatment options in AR seems to be a promising concept although the evidence is of a preliminary nature to date and more convincing trials are needed. There are no current data to support the use of probiotics in non-AR or CRS.
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Pavić, Ana, Alexandra O. M. Holmes, Vincent L. G. Postis, and Adrian Goldman. "Glutamate transporters: a broad review of the most recent archaeal and human structures." Biochemical Society Transactions 47, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 1197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20190316.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Glutamate transporters play important roles in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Their function in the mammalian central nervous system is essential for preventing excitotoxicity, and their dysregulation is implicated in many diseases, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's. Elucidating their transport mechanism would further the understanding of these transporters and promote drug design as they provide compelling targets for understanding the pathophysiology of diseases and may have a direct role in the treatment of conditions involving glutamate excitotoxicity. This review outlines the insights into the transport cycle, uncoupled chloride conductance and modulation, as well as identifying areas that require further investigation.
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Huang, Liguo, Lit-Chein Chin, Koichi Kimura, and Yasukazu Nakahata. "Human Placental Extract Delays In Vitro Cellular Senescence through the Activation of NRF2-Mediated Antioxidant Pathway." Antioxidants 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11081545.
Full textAbstract:
Senescent cells accumulate in the organs of aged animals and exacerbate organ dysfunction, resulting in age-related diseases. Oxidative stress accelerates cellular senescence. Placental extract, used in the alleviation of menopausal symptoms and promotion of wound healing and liver regeneration, reportedly protects against oxidative stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of human placental extract (HPE) on cellular senescence in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) under oxidative stress conditions. We demonstrated that HPE delays the onset of cellular senescence. Next-generation sequencing analysis revealed that under oxidative stress conditions, HPE treatment enhanced the expression of the antioxidant genes CYGB, APOE, NQO1, and PTGS1. Further, HPE treatment under oxidative stress conditions increased the protein level of nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)—a vital molecule in the antioxidant pathway—via post-transcriptional and/or post-translational regulations. These findings indicate that HPE treatment in NHDFs, under chronic oxidative stress, delays cellular senescence by mitigating oxidative stress via upregulation of the NRF2-mediated antioxidant pathway, and HPE treatment could potentially ameliorate skin-aging-associated damage, in vivo.
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Bellera, Carolina L., Maria L. Sbaraglini, and Alan Talevi. "Modern Approaches for the Discovery of Anti-Infectious Drugs for the Treatment of Neglected Diseases." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 18, no. 5 (June 11, 2018): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026618666180509151146.
Full textAbstract:
Neglected diseases comprise a number of infectious diseases historically endemic to low- and middle-income countries, though recently they have spread to high-income countries due to human migrations. In the past, pharmaceutical companies have shown hesitant to invest in these health conditions, due to the limited return on investment. As a result, the role of the academic sector and not-for-profit organizations in the discovery of new drugs for neglected diseases has been particularly relevant. Here, we review recent applications of modern drug discovery technologies in the field of neglected diseases, including high-throughput screening, in silico screening and computer-aided drug design. The suitability and perspectives of each approach are discussed depending on the context, along with the technology and translational gaps influencing them.
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Bezeha, O. V., Ya O. Yemchenko, K. V. Vasylyeva, and I. B. Popova. "ROLE OF LOCAL PROBIOTICS AS NEW THERAPEUTIC APPROACH IN TREATMENT OF SKIN DISEASES." Актуальні проблеми сучасної медицини: Вісник Української медичної стоматологічної академії 22, no. 3-4 (November 29, 2022): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2077-1096.22.3.4.206.
Full textAbstract:
Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when taken in the right amount, help maintain a healthy state of the body. Natural microorganisms usually make up first-generation probiotics, while genetically engineered strains are secondary probiotics. The importance of microorganisms to human health dates back to the era when Louis Pasteur first discovered the importance of fermentation and drew attention to the fact that consuming fermented foods could be beneficial for health and longevity. Oral and topical probiotics are used to treat skin conditions. Microorganisms live inside our body, both in the intestines and on the skin. Commensal bacteria play a vital role in human health; they also help maintain a healthy immune system. The skin microbiome consists of several types of microorganisms. Any imbalance of these microorganisms leads to skin diseases. Probiotics are well known for their clinical use in certain skin diseases, and probiotic bacterial therapy may have great potential in the prevention and treatment of several skin diseases [3]. Studies have established a link between a disrupted gut microbiome and inflammatory skin diseases, thereby increasing the potential of oral probiotics as a treatment option for skin disorders [4]. However, there is very little information and clinical studies that have examined the effectiveness of topical probiotic products. The use of probiotic bacteria can help strengthen the skin natural barrier by having a direct effect at the site of application. This may be due to resident bacteria and probiotic bacteria that produce certain antimicrobial aminopeptides that promote the skin's immune response and help eliminate pathogens. Some cosmetic preparations can contribute to the maintenance of a normal skin microbiome, being selective in their activity [5]. Topical probiotics have been known to be used to support a healthy skin microbiome since the early 20th century, and the last decade has seen a dramatic increase in commercially available topical probiotics [6]. However, despite the growing popularity of these topical agents, there are currently insufficient clinical efficacy trials to establish their clinical efficacy, so we aimed to write a detailed review on the use of probiotics in the treatment of skin diseases. In our article, we have detailed information about the normal skin microbiome, various skin disorders, and the topical probiotics commonly used to treat these skin conditions.