Academic literature on the topic '200105 Treatment of human diseases and conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "200105 Treatment of human diseases and conditions"
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Nikkhoo, Maryam, Qasem Asgari, Mahmood Reza Moein, Kambiz Yaghoobi, and Abbas Gholipour. "In Vitro and In Vivo Survey of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Acorus calamus (Sweet Flag) Rhizome on Toxoplasma gondii." Journal of Parasitology Research 2021 (May 13, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6656023.
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Background. Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis disease that can cause a variety range of manifestations in human specially fetus duration and immunodeficiency conditions. Due to toxicity and side effects of current treatment, we evaluated in vivo and in vitro effects of ethyl acetate extract of Acorus calamus rhizomes (rootstocks) on Toxoplasma gondii. Methods. The plant, Acorus calamus, was collected from Sari, North of Iran in spring season. Ethyl acetate extract was provided from plant rhizomes using Soxhlet apparatus. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The mortality effect of different concentrations (1-256 μg/ml) of the extract on Toxoplasma tachyzoites was assessed by flowcytometry and propidium iodide staining. For the therapeutic effect assessment, the tachyzoites were inoculated intraperitoneally to mice, and then these mice were orally and intraperitoneally administered different concentrations (32, 64, 128, and 256 mg/kg) of the extract. Also, an infected group received PBS including DMSO 1% as negative control, and an infected group administered sulfadiazine as positive control. For toxicity evaluation of this extract, a group only received dose 256 mg/kg. Results. The plant extract was rich of phenolic compounds ( 41.27 ± 0.21 mg / g ), whereas it contained fewer amounts of flavonoids ( 4.79 ± 0.01 mg / g ). Results of in vitro experiments showed that there is an inverse relationship between the concentrations and the mortality of the parasites ( I C 50 = 200.01 ± 7.74 μ g / ml ). The highest percentage (62%) of dead tachyzoites was seen at maximum concentration of the extract. A significant longevity (8.9 days) was belonged to mice orally administered extract dose (256 mg/kg/day).Conclusion. The ethyl acetate extract of A. calamus rhizomes had significant anti-Toxoplasma activities either in vitro or in vivo. It may be connected to high amount of phenolic compounds. We suggest that the effects of different fractions and the admin types of the extract will be evaluated on the parasite.
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Dayalan Naidu, Sharadha, and Albena T. Dinkova-Kostova. "KEAP1, a cysteine-based sensor and a drug target for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease." Open Biology 10, no. 6 (June 2020): 200105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.200105.
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Redox imbalance and persistent inflammation are the underlying causes of most chronic diseases. Mammalian cells have evolved elaborate mechanisms for restoring redox homeostasis and resolving acute inflammatory responses. One prominent mechanism is that of inducing the expression of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other cytoprotective proteins, while also suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, through the activation of transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2). At homeostatic conditions, NRF2 is a short-lived protein, which avidly binds to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1). KEAP1 functions as (i) a substrate adaptor for a Cullin 3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets NRF2 for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, and (ii) a cysteine-based sensor for a myriad of physiological and pharmacological NRF2 activators. Here, we review the intricate molecular mechanisms by which KEAP1 senses electrophiles and oxidants. Chemical modification of specific cysteine sensors of KEAP1 results in loss of NRF2-repressor function and alterations in the expression of NRF2-target genes that encode large networks of diverse proteins, which collectively restore redox balance and resolve inflammation, thus ensuring a comprehensive cytoprotection. We focus on the cyclic cyanoenones, the most potent NRF2 activators, some of which are currently in clinical trials for various pathologies characterized by redox imbalance and inflammation.
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Calabrese, EJ, G. Dhawan, R. Kapoor, and WJ Kozumbo. "Radiotherapy treatment of human inflammatory diseases and conditions: Optimal dose." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 8 (May 6, 2019): 888–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327119846925.
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During the early part of the past century, hundreds of clinical studies involving more than 37,000 patients were conducted that showed radiotherapy (RT) to be a successful and safe alternative to drug therapy for the treatment of many diverse inflammatory conditions and diseases (e.g. tendonitis, bursitis, arthritis, and serious inflammatory lung conditions). Data from these studies were collected and analyzed with the intent of estimating an optimal dosing range for RT that would induce an efficacious treatment response. RT was reported to be frequently effective after only a single treatment, with a rapid (within 24 h) and often long-lasting (from months to years) relief from symptoms. Over a two-decade span from the 1920s to the 1940s, the therapeutic responses to a single RT treatment consistently improved as the dosing for multiple ailments decreased over time to between 30 roentgen (r) and 100 r. These findings are significant and in agreement with a number of contemporary reports from Germany where RT has been commonly and successfully employed in treating ailments with an inflammatory origin. A proposed mechanism by which RT mitigates inflammation and facilitates healing is via the polarization of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory or M2 phenotype.
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Degterev, Alexei, Dimitry Ofengeim, and Junying Yuan. "Targeting RIPK1 for the treatment of human diseases." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 20 (May 2, 2019): 9714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1901179116.
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RIPK1 kinase has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of a wide range of human neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. This was supported by extensive studies which demonstrated that RIPK1 is a key mediator of apoptotic and necrotic cell death as well as inflammatory pathways. Furthermore, human genetic evidence has linked the dysregulation of RIPK1 to the pathogenesis of ALS as well as other inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Importantly, unique allosteric small-molecule inhibitors of RIPK1 that offer high selectivity have been developed. These molecules can penetrate the blood–brain barrier, thus offering the possibility to target neuroinflammation and cell death which drive various neurologic conditions including Alzheimer’s disease, ALS, and multiple sclerosis as well as acute neurological diseases such as stroke and traumatic brain injuries. We discuss the current understanding of RIPK1 regulatory mechanisms and emerging evidence for the pathological roles of RIPK1 in human diseases, especially in the context of the central nervous systems.
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Antonevich, Natalya, Andrei Hancharou, Oksana Timokhina, Elena Rynda, Yana Minich, Alexander Prokhorov, Tatiana Mokhort, and Konstantin Chizh. "New biomedical cell products for immunotherapy of human diseases." Science and Innovations 2, no. 228 (February 2022): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1818-9857-2022-2-15-23.
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Cellular therapy develops rapidly throughout the world. The list of diseases of various etiologies that are treated with biomedical cellular products is constantly growing. The Center for Immunology and Allergology was opened in the The Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of National Academy of Science of Belarus in 2021. Since that the developing of new biomedical cell products for the correction of immunopathological conditions was started in collaboration with the Belarusian State Medical University. The technologies for producing of biomedical cellular products based on cytokine-induced killer cells for the treatment of oncological diseases of the urogenital area, tolerogenic dendritic cells for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, and regulatory T lymphocytes for the treatment of sclerosis were developed.
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Sachdeva, Aishani, Jerome Gouge, Christos Kontovounisios, Stella Nikolaou, Alan Ashworth, Kenneth Lim, and Irene Chong. "Klotho and the Treatment of Human Malignancies." Cancers 12, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 1665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061665.
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Klotho was first discovered as an anti-ageing protein linked to a number of age-related disease processes, including cardiovascular, renal, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions. Emerging research has also demonstrated a potential therapeutic role for Klotho in cancer biology, which is perhaps unsurprising given that cancer and ageing share similar molecular hallmarks. In addition to functioning as a tumour suppressor in numerous solid tumours and haematological malignancies, Klotho represents a candidate therapeutic target for patients with these diseases, the majority of whom have limited treatment options. Here, we examine contemporary evidence evaluating the anti-neoplastic effects of Klotho and describe the modulation of downstream oncogenic signalling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, FGF, IGF1, PIK3K/AKT, TGFβ, and the Unfolded Protein Response. We also discuss possible approaches to developing therapeutic Klotho and consider technological advances that may facilitate the delivery of Klotho through gene therapy.
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Gilmiyarova, Frida Nasyrovna, N. A. Kolotyeva, V. I. Kuzmicheva, O. A. Gusyakova, I. A. Borodina, G. M. Baisheva, and I. A. Selezneva. "BLOOD GROUP AND HUMAN DISEASES (REVIEW OF LITERATURE)." Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 65, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-4-216-221.
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AB0 blood group antigens were discovered over a century ago; however, it is still important to study their role in development of various pathological conditions. Today it is known that antigenic determinants of this blood group are present not only on erythrocyte membrane but also on other cells and tissues: platelets, gastrointestinal epithelium and salivary glands, respiratory system cells. In the last decade, a large number of studies have appeared to reveal the relationship between a specific disease and blood group type, meta-analyses have been published. Previously, the authors have studied the metabolic status, cell composition and coagulation profile of clinically healthy individuals for more than on 180,000 donations, that allowed to identify group-specific features for each blood group. This review presents generalized data on the association of such pathological conditions as coronary heart disease, thromboembolic complications, tumors of various localizations, inflammatory and destructive oral diseases, psychiatric and some infectious diseases with the presence or absence of antigenic determinants A and B. Carriers of blood group 0 (I) are generally more resistant to diseases, with the exception of H.pylori-associated gastrointestinal diseases. Carriers of «antigenic» blood groups A (II), B (III), AB (IV) are more susceptible to development of infectious, cardiovascular and cancer diseases. The presented data demonstrate clinical significance of the definition of group typing not only for selection of blood and its components during transfusion and transplantation, but also for diagnostics, determination of risk group and tactics for treatment patients with different nosologies.
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MNVS, Sandhya, Vanitha K, and Ramesh A. "Chronic Hypoxia as a Potential Factor in Human Life-threatening Diseases." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 10, no. 4 (July 31, 2017): 3759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2017.10.4.1.
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The review article focuses on the importance of adequate oxygen levels in the body as cure and therapy for many ailments. It is known that hypoxia is the cause for cellular damage and if it can be applied to major patho-physiology’s, it can be observed that slow and chronic hypoxic conditions are the cause for most of the diseases. On the contrary, providing each cell of the body with proper oxygen may be helpful in maintaining the immunity of the body and therefore treating many disease conditions. This theory, if tested may show positive results in heart related diseases, neuronal disorders, stresses, digestive disorders and the unresolved cancer too. Slow decrease in the levels of atmospheric oxygen could be a reason to induce chronic hypoxia. According to Dr. Otto Warburg, a Noble laurate, a normal cell when deprived of oxygen, may get converted to a cancerous cell, whereas a cancerous cell cannot survive in aerobic conditions. If this part of his research be concentrated on, there could be fruitful results in the treatment of cancer. To maintain adequate levels of oxygen in the body, simple yogic breathing practices are helpful. And to maintain the adequate atmospheric oxygen, trees and plants which cleanse the atmospheric air are useful. Clinical surveys on volunteers who have been practicing regular breathing exercises can prove the fact that proper and concentrated respiration could prevent many diseases. Thus, supplementing breathing exercises along with the regular treatment for cancer patients could be helpful in alleviating cancer and other diseases.
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Dastoli, Stefano, Steven Paul Nisticò, Pietro Morrone, Cataldo Patruno, Antonio Leo, Rita Citraro, Luca Gallelli, Emilio Russo, Giovambattista De Sarro, and Luigi Bennardo. "Colchicine in Managing Skin Conditions: A Systematic Review." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020294.
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(1) Background: Colchicine is a natural alkaloid with anti-inflammatory properties used to treat various disorders, including some skin diseases. This paper aims to incorporate all the available studies proposing colchicine as a treatment alternative in the management of cutaneous conditions. (2) Methods: In this systematic review, the available articles present in various databases (PubMed, Scopus-Embase, and Web of Science), proposing colchicine as a treatment for cutaneous pathological conditions, have been selected. Exclusion criteria included a non-English language and non-human studies. (3) Results: Ninety-six studies were included. Most of them were case reports and case series studies describing colchicine as single therapy, or in combination with other drugs. Hidradenitis suppurativa, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, erythema induratum, storage diseases, perforating dermatosis, bullous diseases, psoriasis, vasculitis, acne, urticaria, stomatitis, actinic keratosis, and pustular dermatosis were the main diseases discussed in literature. Although the therapeutic outcomes were variable, most of the studies reported, on average, good clinical results (4) Conclusions: Colchicine could be, as a single therapy or in combination with other drugs, a possible treatment to manage several skin diseases.
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Zanza, Christian, Valentina Facelli, Tastiana Romenskaya, Maria Bottinelli, Giorgia Caputo, Andrea Piccioni, Francesco Franceschi, et al. "Lactic Acidosis Related to Pharmacotherapy and Human Diseases." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 12 (November 30, 2022): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15121496.
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Lactic acidosis represents one of the most common conditions that can compromise the health of intensive care unit (ICU) patients, increasing the mortality of patients with high levels of Lactate who do not receive a proper treatment within the first 6 h of hospitalization. There are two enantiomers of lactic acid: L-lactic acid (when the concentration increases, it can lead to a state of severe acidemia risking cardiovascular collapse, causing an increase in mortality in ICU patients) and D lactic acid (produced in the human organism by microbiota and its production increases during some pathological status). Generally, increased levels of serum lactic acid could be due to numerous factors, including hypoxia (caused for example by septic/cardiogenic/hypovolemic or obstructive shock), specific pathologies (e.g., liver disease), use of some drugs (e.g., metformin), presence of toxins, and trauma. Since the underlying cause could be fatal for the ICU patient, it is important to understand the root of this clinical status with a view to correct it and prevent the risk of a poor clinical outcome. Prevention and early treatment are the keys to control the negative clinical consequences. The aim of this review is to revise the scientific literature for further confirmation about the importance of early identification of acidotic statuses and to underline how an early diagnosis can prevent the worst clinical outcome, especially for ICU patients who are more fragile compared to the general population.
Book chapters on the topic "200105 Treatment of human diseases and conditions"
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Lehmann, Susan W. "Mood Stabilizers." In Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195309430.003.0026.
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The term ‘‘mood stabilizers’’ refers to a heterogeneous group of medications that are effective in the treatment of bipolar disorder, an illness characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and major depression. The list of mood stabilizers includes lithium, several anticonvulsant medications, and atypical antipsychotic medications. For some of these medications, there have been randomized, placebo-controlled studies demonstrating efficacy in reducing the severity and frequency of illness episodes (Kahn et al., 2000). For other medications, the evidence supporting therapeutic use in mood disorders is more anecdotal or preliminary. Late-onset bipolar disorder beginning after 50 years of age is more likely to be associated with comorbid medical or neurologic condition, or their treatments (McDonald, 2000; Depp and Jeste, 2004). A number of medications have been known to precipitate manic episodes. These include antiparkinsonian medications, corticosteroids, anticholinergic agents, and antidepressants. In addition, manic episodes may develop in patients with Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, brain tumors, seizure disorders, dementia, neurosyphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and some poststroke syndromes. The goal of long-term psychiatric management is to minimize affective upheaval and to diminish frequency of mood cycling. Psychotic symptoms are common in bipolar disorder, and severe behavioral disturbances such as physical aggression can occur as well during manic episodes. Depressive episodes are accompanied by a risk of suicide. Given the potential for these severe complications, and the need for continual medication reassessment and adjustment, the long-term pharmacologic and psychologic treatment of bipolar disorder is best managed by a psychiatrist. Lithium, the oldest of the mood-stabilizing medications, is also considered to be the ‘‘gold standard’’ of treatment against which all other potentially mood-stabilizing medications are compared. It is still the treatment of choice for many patients with bipolar disorder, and it has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of manic episodes and for maintenance therapy. At least eight placebo-controlled, randomized trials have shown lithium to have efficacy in maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (Goodwin, 2002). Lithium is effective in reducing risk of recurrent episodes of both mania and depression, although studies have suggested greater superiority in reducing risk of manic episodes.
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Sangar, Sophia, Michelle W. Cheng, and Yang Yu. "Probiotics for the treatment of other skin conditions (acne, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, wounds, and skin cancer)." In Probiotics in the Prevention and Management of Human Diseases, 129–37. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-823733-5.00031-3.
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Beloborodova, Natalia, and Andrey Grechko. "“Dialogue” between the Human Microbiome and the Brain." In Human Microbiome. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94431.
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In conditions of severe gut dysbiosis, there is a risk of developing diseases of the host organism in general and of the brain in particular, as evidenced by a growing number of studies. This chapter focuses on several groups of low-molecular-weight compounds that originate primarily from the gut microbiota. It discusses the results of experimental and clinical studies on the effect of microbial metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids, phenolic metabolites of tyrosine, indolic metabolites of tryptophan, trimethylamines) on the brain. Several studies have proven that the microbial metabolite profiles in the gut and serum are interlinked and reflect a disruption of the gut microbial community. Using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, it was found that the gut microbiota of patients with positive or negative dynamics of neurological status differ taxonomically. The chapter also presents data obtained from animal germ-free (GF) models. Many researchers would like to consider the gut microbiota as a new therapeutic target, including for the treatment of brain diseases, stroke prevention, reduction of neuroinflammation, and more successful neurorehabilitation of patients.
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Mobbs, Elsie. "Short Stature and the Relationship to Male Mental Health Status." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0017.
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Growth treatment for human growth failure when its cause is not identified is generally justified by two possible outcome measures: an increase in height and an increase in psychological well-being. An endocrinological cosmetic increase in height can arguably only be justified if it can be demonstrated as being likely to increase psychological well-being. New evidence is pointing to improved growth and mental health outcomes through psychotherapeutic family intervention during the child’s infancy. The medical definition of short stature (SS) is arbitrary (Cowell 1995): SS is usually defined for the height of an individual who is in less than the 3rd percentile of the reference range, which is 1.88 standard deviations (SDs) below the population mean (National Center for Health Statistics 1977; WHO 1986, 2006). Short stature may be caused by a multitude of factors, sometimes overlapping, and it may have many potential classifications. The condition of maturational delay occurs when significant SS and delayed pubertal development are seen in an otherwise healthy male (Cowell 1995; Cowell, Craig, and Ambler 1999; Cowell and Walker 1996). The medical diagnosis of maturational delay short stature (MDSS) is (a) considered in individuals with a late onset of puberty in which there is a family history of delayed puberty and an absence of organic symptoms or signs; and (b) diagnostic differentiation is made between MDSS and idiopathic short stature (ISS), with the latter encompassing MDSS but failing to meet the criteria of delayed puberty. When a history of SS is present in family members, the diagnosis of familial SS (FSS) is considered. Males present for treatment of SS much more frequently than females, which is a reflection of biology and possible societal bias, and some will present with behavioral disturbances. Multifactorial causes for these behavior problems can be embedded in past history and are not always easily accessible (Seegal 2000). Home environment problems may be present in growth failure, especially when demonstrated behavior problems are present (Gohlke et al. 1998; Nieves-Rivers et al. 1998).
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Schadt, Eric E. "Network Methods for Elucidating the Complexity of Common Human Diseases." In Neurobiology of Mental Illness, edited by Karl Deisseroth, 183–98. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199934959.003.0014.
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As big data comes to define the landscape in the life and biomedical sciences, carrying out successful research or providing the most appropriate diagnosis and treatment path for a given patient will more and more come to depend upon one’s ability to master the big data, to derive meaning and understanding from it. We can now score variations in DNA across whole genomes, RNA levels and alternative isoforms, metabolite levels, protein levels and protein state information, protein–protein interactions, and protein–DNA interactions, in a comprehensive fashion in entire populations of individuals. Interactions among these molecular entities define the complex web of biological processes that give rise to all higher order phenotypes, including disease. Most common forms of human disease such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and autism are not the result of single changes to single genes but rather emergent properties of the complex networks that define our systems at multiple scales (molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organism, community). In order to elucidate the complexity of common human disease and other complex phenotypes, biological systems such as ourselves must be modeled as highly modular, fluid systems exhibiting a plasticity that allows them to adapt to a vast array of conditions. Leveraging the vast mountains of data to model biological systems in this way demands the development of analytical approaches that simultaneously integrate different dimensions of data. Here I motivate the need to take a more holistic approach to modeling biological systems and then detail different approaches that have been recently developed to carry out this type of modeling, from leveraging DNA variation as a systematic perturbation source to infer causal relationships among traits of interest, to the application of more advanced Bayesian network reconstruction algorithms to construct predictive network models of disease.
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Woodhouse, Andrew. "Case 36." In Oxford Case Histories in Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, edited by Andrew Woodhouse, 247–54. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198846482.003.0036.
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a worldwide infection and new cases continue to occur. Recognizing features of acute HIV infection and also underlying conditions that might reflect longer-standing infection are key to diagnosis. This allows treatment to be started which can maintain or improve health and prevent further deterioration of immune function. Treatment is indicated for the majority of newly diagnosed cases irrespective of immune function status. Current treatment strategies are so effective and tolerable now compared to early antiretroviral regimens that HIV has become a long-term manageable condition for the majority of newly diagnosed people who are able to access antiretroviral therapy.
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Singh, Lata, and Mithalesh Kumar Singh. "Mitochondria and Eye." In Mitochondrial Diseases [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96368.
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Mitochondria are essential subcellular organelles and important key regulators of metabolism. Mammalian mitochondria contain their own DNA (mtDNA). Human mtDNA is remarkably small (16,569 bp) compared to nuclear DNA. Mitochondria promote aerobic respiration, an important part of energy metabolism in eukaryotes, as the site of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). OXPHOS occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion and involves 5 protein complexes that sequentially undergo reduction-oxygen reactions ultimately producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Tissues with high metabolic demand such as lungs, central nervous system, peripheral nerves, heart, adrenal glands, renal tubules and the retina are affected preferentially by this critical role in energy production by mitochondrial disorders. Eye-affected mitochondrial disorders are always primary, but the role of mitochondrial dysfunction is now best understood in acquired chronic progressive ocular diseases. Recent advances in mitochondrial research have improved our understanding of ocular disorders. In this chapter, we will discuss the mitochondria in relation to eye diseases, ocular tumors, pathogenesis, and treatment modalities that will help to improve the outcomes of these conditions.
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Mendez, Julio C. "Borrelia and Leptospira Species." In Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases Board Review, 110–15. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199827626.003.0009.
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Borrelia species (except Borrelia burgdorferi) cause relapsing fever, which is a zoonosis characterized by cyclic fevers alternating with periods of relative well-being. Endemic or tick-borne relapsing fever is caused by several Borrelia species associated with soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros. Tick-spirochete specificity is useful for identifying Borrelia species. Epidemic or louse-borne relapsing fever is caused by Borrelia recurrentis. It is transmitted by the human body louse. Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of global distribution caused by infection with pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. It is greatly underreported, particularly in tropical regions. Leptospirosis is maintained in nature by chronic renal infection of carrier animals that excrete the organism in their urine and contaminate the environment. Human infection occurs after direct contact with infected urine or tissues. Specific conditions related to these infections, their management, and treatment are reviewed.
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J. Cantres-Fonseca, Onix, Vanessa Vando-Rivera, Vanessa Fonseca-Ferrer, Christian Castillo Latorre, and Francisco J. Del Olmo-Arroyo. "Actinomycosis: Diagnosis, Clinical Features and Treatment." In Actinobacteria [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104698.
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Actinomycosis is a filamentous bacterium that forms part of the normal human flora of the gastrointestinal, oropharynx and female genitalia. This indolent infection is characterized by abscess formation, widespread granulomatous disease, fibrosis, cavitary lung lesions and mass-like consolidations, simulating an active malignancy or systemic inflammatory diseases. It is subacute, chronic and variable presentation may delay diagnosis due to its capability to simulate other conditions. An accurate diagnostic timeline is relevant. Early diagnosis of pulmonary actinomycosis decreases the risk of indolent complications. Proper treatment reduces the need for invasive surgical methods. Actinomycosis can virtually involve any organ system, the infection spread without respecting anatomical variables as metastatic disease does, making malignancy an important part of the differential diagnosis. As it is normal gastrointestinal florae, it is difficult to cultivate, and share similar morphology to other organisms such as Nocardia and fungus. It is often difficult to be identified as the culprit of disease. Its true imitator capability makes this infectious agent a remarkable organism within the spectra of localized and disseminated disease. In this chapter, we will discuss different peculiarities of actinomycosis as an infectious agent, most common presentation in different organ systems, and challenging scenarios.
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S, Menaga, Dr Kalaiarasi G, Dr Vanithamani R, and Nivetha M. "Data Analytics for Disease Prediction." In Machine Learning Algorithms for Intelligent Data Analytics. Technoarete Research And Development Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/mlaida/2022.12.b1.ch014.
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Human life in the modern era is influenced by a large number of diseases, which are the major causes of death. When patients exhibit symptoms clearly indicating abnormalities, healthcare systems can treat them. Diagnoses of intense diseases during the early stages allow patients to be treated, thus reducing their risk. In the absence of treatment, chronic conditions develop, sometimes resulting in death. Diagnosis of intensive diseases causes 59 percent of deaths annually. Medical services is a complex structure, containing a wide range of areas that are challenging to manage with excellent accuracy, while at the same time patients demand reasonable prices. In the medical services industry, fresh innovations are being incorporated. Predictive analytics and data science are changing industries because they can predict.
Conference papers on the topic "200105 Treatment of human diseases and conditions"
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Sathyamoorthy, Mohan. "Two Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Myocardial Infarction in the Human Left Ventricle." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0199.
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Abstract Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are the number one causes of patient mortality in the United States. Of these conditions, myocardial infarctions, more commonly known as heart attacks, are the most feared of cardiovascular pathologies. The American Heart Association has dedicated billions of dollars over the past four decades to basic science and clinical research to help prevent and treat heart attacks. Detailed assessment of three dimensional stress, strain, and deformation histories is important because it has been noted that reduced transmural strain and left ventricular torsion may be indicative of myocardial infarction resulting from ischemia [1]. Previous studies have been limited to clinical and experimental modalities of study. With the evolution of high speed computers and finite element softwares, detailed and effective biomechanical modeling of complex physiological systems such as the heart have been undertaken. The objective of this study is to utilize finite element analysis to assess local and global deformation and stress patterns in normal vs. imposed conditions of myocardial infarction. Such knowledge obtained a priori could be utilized by cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiologists to improve the efficacy of treatment and treatment options for patients suffering from heart disease.
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Guelli, Mariana Sandoval Terra Campos, Daniela Bastos de Almeida Zampier, Lorena Araújo Silva Dias, and Marina de Oliveira Nunes Ibrahim. "Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease - a literature review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.126.
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Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a progressive, rare, fatal and rapid human neurodegenerative disease that occurs in the etiologies: sporadic (CJD), familial, iatrogenic (CJD) and CJD variant (CJV) in which cell prion protein (PrP) can be transmitted through animals. Objectives: Literature review about Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseaseDesign and setting: Literature review development in the Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: The Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, infectious diseases and neuroinfection indexes were used in the PUBMED and Scielo databases. Results:CJD has different etiologies with different clinical and pathological phenotypes. CJDV shows psychiatric behaviors and symptoms followed by abnormalities, ataxia and dementia. The sporadic form is the most common, with a progressive clinical course with generalized brain deposition of abnormal prion protein aggregates (PrPTSE) that leads to spongiform change, gliosis and neuronal loss. CJD progresses to dementia and two or more symptoms: cerebellar or visual impairments; pyramidal or extrapyramidal signs; myoclonus; and akinetic mutism. Complex periods of acute wave in the electroencephalogram (EEG) are strongly suggestive of prionic diseases. Rapidly evolving field neuroimmune disorders have shown an increasing in autoantibody testing; attempt to diagnose a range of immune-mediated conditions. Evidence indicates that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is more sensitive for detecting signal abnormalities. Conclusion: The disease progresses to dementia, accompanied by myoclonus, pyramidal signs and characteristic EEG. It is a complex pathology, which has only symptomatic treatment and requires strict control of reservoirs and risk of contamination.
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Torrissen, Martina, Astrid Nilsson, Binh Minh Trinh, Elisabeth Ytteborg, Gerd Marit Berge, Harald Svenson, Iren Stoknes, and Marta Bou Mira. "Novel n-3 very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and their potential role in skin tissue." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/nkdk5807.
Full textAbstract:
Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLC-FA) have a chain length of ≥24 carbon atoms. They are generally not provided through dietary sources but generated endogenously, involving chain elongation of LC-FA by ELOVL4. There is emerging substantial evidence suggesting they play important roles in tissues where they are naturally found, including retina, skin, testis, and brain. Mutations in ELOVL4 have been associated with several tissue-specific conditions, suggesting these FA may be involved in the disease pathology. A lack of availability of these fatty acids for dietary interventions has however, until recently, made them difficult to investigate. After identifying VLC-FA in fish oil and developing a method for concentrating n-3 VLC-PUFAs in kg scale, our research team have conducted feeding trials to determine if they are taken up directly from diet through supplementation, and their effect on development and maturation of skin tissue. Salmon fed different dietary levels of the concentrate were analysed for tissue fatty acid composition by GC and histology by H&E and Von Kossa staining. After establishing a clear tissue-specific uptake, we conducted in-vitro trials where we observed promising effects by incubating skin cells from human and Atlantic salmon with n-3 VLC-PUFA concentrate in scratch assay and cell migration trials. The in-vitro results show improved cell migration, which is in line with our in-vivo findings and demonstrates a promising effect on skin tissue development, maturation, and skin cell migration. Here we will present our data and discuss the relevance of this in skin biology. As VLC-FA potentially play a critical role in skin barrier function and skin biology, understanding these FAs may lead to improvements in treatment of dermatological diseases and conditions.