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Journal articles on the topic "200 day weight"
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Robinson, DL, and PK O'Rourke. "Genetic parameters for liveweights of beef cattle in the tropics." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 6 (1992): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9921297.
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This paper describes a genetic analysis of 20000 weighings from 1980-1988 on the progeny of more than 210 sires from three straightbred Brahman and one crossbred herd (Brahman or SahiwalxBritish breeds) in the Australian tropics. 200 day weight averaged 192 kg, very slightly less than 200 day weight in temperate Australia with similar phenotypic variance of 520 kg2. Mean 550, 700, and 900 day weights of 310, 350 and 450 kg and phenotypic variances of 800, 800 and 1485 kg2 were lower than in temperate regions at the same ages. Direct heritabilities for weight averaged 41% in the Brahmans and 31% in the crossbred herd. Genetic correlations amongst 200 day and later weights were 81-92%, except for an estimate of 63% between 200 and 900 day weights. Estimates of heritabilities for maternal effects were quite high in the crossbred herd for 200 and 365 day weights (19 and 14%), but only 4-5% for Brahmans. Models and statistical analyses are discussed and results compared with other published estimates from subtropical and temperate regions.
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Sara Wijana, I. Made, I. Gede Suranjaya, and Iriani Setyawati. "KOPI DAPAT MENURUNKAN AKTIVITAS ALT DAN AST SERUM DARAH TIKUS WISTAR ALKOHOLIK." SIMBIOSIS 6, no. 2 (September 28, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jsimbiosis.2018.v06.i02.p05.
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Ethanol can damage the liver, indicated by an increase of alanin amino transaminase (ALT) activity and aspartat amino transminase (AST) activity in the blood of alcohol-treated rats. Coffee is rich in antioxidants which are hepatoprotector agent. This study aimed to determine the effect of coffee to reduce alanin amino transaminase (ALT) activity and aspartat amino transminase (AST) activity in blood serum of alcohol-treated rats. The study used 32 male wistar albino rats (200±20g weight) which were divided into four treatment groups i.e. P0 (negative control which were treated with 1 mL of 30% ethanol/200g body weight (bw)/day), P1 (1 mL of 30% ethanol/200 g bw/day + coffee 0,1g/200g bw in 3,5 mL of water/200 g bw/day), P2 (1 mL of 30% ethanol/200g bw + coffee 0,15 g/200g bw in 3,5 mL of water/200g bw/day), dan P3 (1 mL of 30% ethanol/200g bw + coffee 0,2g/200g bw in 3,5 mL of water/200g bw/day). ALT and AST levels were measured by spectrophotometric method. Data analysis was done by ANOVA followed with LSD test and correlation analysis. The results showed that coffee reduced (P<0.01) the activities of ALT and AST of rats blood serum. ALT and AST activities were significantly different (P<0.01) among treatments and with control. Dose of coffee was negatively correlated with ALT activity with correlation coefficient (R) -0.978 and AST with correlation coefficient (R) -0.985 (P<0,01). The lowest of ALT and AST activities were found at dose of coffee 0.2 g/200g body weight.
Keywords: ethanol, ALT, AST, coffee
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Dodd, Darol E., Linda J. Pluta, Mark A. Sochaski, Deborah A. Banas, and Russell S. Thomas. "Subchronic Hepatotoxicity Evaluation of 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol in Sprague Dawley Rats." Journal of Toxicology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/376246.
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Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (TCP) for 5 days, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, or 13 weeks. TCP was administered by gavage at doses of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day. Endpoints evaluated included clinical observations, body weights, liver weights, serum chemistry, blood TCP, gross pathology, and liver histopathology. There were no TCP exposure-related clinical signs of toxicity. Mean body weight decreased 12–22% compared to control in the 100 and 200 mg/kg/day groups. Serum ALT concentrations were increased in rats of the 200 mg/k/day. Liver weight increases were both dose- and exposure time-related and statistically significant at ≥25 mg/kg/day. Incidence and severity of centrilobular hepatocytic vacuolation, hepatocyte hypertrophy, and single cell hepatocytic necrosis were related to dose and exposure time. Following 13 weeks of exposure, bile duct hyperplasia and centrilobular and/or periportal fibrosis were observed in rats primarily of the highest TCP dose group. Blood TCP concentrations increased with dose and at 13 weeks ranged from 1.3 to 8.5 μg/mL (10 to 200 mg/kg/day). A NOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day was selected based on the statistically significant incidence of hepatocyte hypertrophy at doses ≥25 mg/kg/day.
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Graser, H.-U., and K. Hammond. "Mixed model procedures for the Australian beef industry. 1. Multiple-trait model for estimation of breeding values for 200-day and final weights of cattle." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 36, no. 3 (1985): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9850527.
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A multiple-trait mixed model is defined for regular use in the Australian beef industry for the estimation of breeding values for continuous traits of sires used non-randomly across a number of herds and/or years. Maternal grandsires, the numerator relationship matrix, appropriate fixed effects, and the capacity to partition direct and maternal effects are incorporated in this parent model. The model was fitted to the National Beef Recording Scheme's data bank for three growth traits of the Australian Simental breed, viz 200-, 365- and 550-day weights. Estimates are obtained for the effects of sex, dam age, grade of dam, age of calf and breed of base dam. The range in estimated breeding value is reported for each trait, with 200-day weight being partitioned into 'calves' and 'daughters' calves', for the Simmental sires commonly used in Australia. Estimates of the fixed effects were large, and dam age, grade of dam and breed of base dam had an important influence on growth to 365 days of age. The faster growth of higher percentage Simmental calves to 200 days continued to 550 days. Estimates of genetic variance for the traits were lower than reported for overseas populations of Simmental cattle, and the genetic covariance between direct and maternal effects for 200-day weight was slightly positive.
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Crumps, R. E., G. Simm, D. Nicholson, R. H. Findlay, J. G. E. Bryan, and R. Thompson. "Results of multivariate individual animal model genetic evaluations of british pedigree beef cattle." Animal Science 65, no. 2 (October 1997): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800016507.
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AbstractThis paper reports the procedures put into place in the UK for the genetic evaluation of pedigree beef cattle and estimation of genetic trends using a comprehensive model to allow critical analysis of progress made under previous data recording schemes. Live weights of Simmental, Limousin, Charolais, South Devon and Aberdeen Angus beef cattle, recorded by the Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC) from 1970 to 1992 were analysed, as part of a project to introduce best linear unbiased predictions (BLUP) of breeding value in the British beef industry. Birth weights were available from MLC or the relevant breed society, (4000 to 84000 records, depending on the breed) and 200- and 400-day weights were estimated by within-animal linear regression on all available weights (resulting in 8000 to 48000 records per breed). Animals were retrospectively assigned to contemporary groups within herds, separately for each trait, taking account of observed calving patterns. Records were adjusted to correct for heterogeneity of variance between herds. BLUP evaluations were then performed within breed, fitting a multivariate individual animal model. In addition to additive direct genetic effects, additive maternal genetic and dam permanent environmental effects were included for birth weight and 200-day weight. Unknown parents were assigned to genetic groups, based on estimated date of birth. The model included fixed effects for contemporary group, sex, month of birth, birth type (single or multiple), embryo transfer births, fostered calves, breed of dam, proportion purebred and age of dam. Genetic trends were estimated by regressing estimated breeding values for animals on their year of birth. Trends in birth weight, 200-day weight and 400-day weight between 1970 and 1992 were approximately 0·09, 0·73 and 1·38 kg per annum respectively for the Charolais breed; 0·08, 0·76 and 1·33 kg per annum for the Simmental; 0·06, 0·53 and 0·89 kg per annum for the Limousin; 0·12, 1·02 and 1·86 kg per annum for the Aberdeen Angus; and 0·03, 0·38 and 0·82 kg per annum for the South Devon breed.
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Terrill, James B., Merrel Robinson, Gary W. Wolfe, and Leonard H. Billups. "Subacute and Subchronic Oral Toxicity of p-Chlorotoluene in the Rat." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 9, no. 5 (September 1990): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819009078757.
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p-Chlorotoluene was administered by corn oil gavage for 14 and 90 days to male and female Sprague-Dawley-derived rats at dosages of 200, 600, and 1800 mg/kg per day and 50, 200, and 800 mg/kg per day, respectively. In the 14-day study, 8 of 10 animals of each sex in the high-dose group died due to treatment. Other treatment-related signs for these animals included an adverse effect upon body weight and clinical signs of salivation, tremors, and prostration. In the 200 and 600 mg/kg per day groups there were no apparent treatment-related effects. In the 90-day study, 4 of 10 males and 2 of 10 females in the high-dose group died due to treatment. Other signs for this treatment group included an adverse effect upon body weight and clinical signs of languid behavior, prostration, tremors, sensitivity to touch, epistaxis, and respiratory distress. Increases in alkaline phosphatase and creatinine (males only), and increases in adrenal (absolute and relative, females), kidney (relative, both sexes), and liver (relative, both sexes) weights were also noted. Histopathologic findings of centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy, adrenal cortical hyperplasia, and exacerbation of chronic progressive nephropathy confirmed the clinical laboratory and organ weight results as being treatment related for the animals receiving 800 mg/kg per day for 90 days. Animals receiving 50 or 200 mg/kg per day (90 days) did not exhibit treatment-related findings.
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Davies, HL. "Studies in uterotrophic activities in strains of subterranean clover." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 4 (1989): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890871.
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Uterotrophic responses in ovariectomized ewes when fed or grazed on Mount Barker, Yarloop or Dwalganup varieties of subterranean clover are reported. The high formononetin varieties Dwalganup and Yarloop always elicited a uterotrophic response. The low-formononetin, high-genistein and biochanin A variety, Mount Barker, stimulated a uterotrophic response, using a 5-day bioassay, when fed at 200g/day or 800g/day, but little or no response when grazed. When chopped lucerne hay was offered with 200 g of the Mount Barker the uterotrophic response was suppressed and the mean uterine weight was not significantly different from that of the negative controls (P= 0.57). The uterine weight of sheep eating 200 g/day of Yarloop and offered lucerne chaff or pellets in one experiment was lower (but not significantly lower) than the unsupplemented group. This trend may be worthy of further investigation.
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Raustorp, Anders, and Yvonne Ekroth. "Eight-Year Secular Trends of Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity in Young Swedish Adolescents." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, no. 3 (May 2010): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.3.369.
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Background:To explore the secular trends (time change) of pedometer-determined physical activity (steps per day) in Swedish young adolescents 13 to 14 years of age from 2000 to 2008.Methods:The study was analyzed between 2 cross-sectional cohorts carried out in October 2000 (235, 111 girls) and October 2008 (186, 107 girls) in the same school, using identical procedures. Data of mean steps per day were collected during 4 consecutive weekdays (sealed pedometer Yamax SW-200 Tokyo, Japan) and in addition height and weight were measured.Results:When comparing cohort 2000 with cohort 2008 no significant difference in physical activity were found neither among girls (12,989 vs 13,338 [t = −0.98, P < .325]) nor boys (15,623 vs 15,174 [t= 0.78, P = .436]). The share of girls and boys meeting weight control recommendations was none significantly higher in 2008 both among girls (68% versus 62%) and among boys (69% versus 65%).Conclusion:There was no significant difference of young adolescents’ physical activity during school weekdays in 2008 compared with 2000. This stabilized physical activity level, in an internationally comparison regarded as high, is promising. Enhanced focus on physical activity in society and at school might have influenced the result.
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Crawford, Grant I., Wade T. Nichols, John P. Hutcheson, Marshall N. Streeter, Brandon L. Nuttelman, Lee-Anne J. Walter, David G. Renter, and David Amrine. "276 Evaluation of a Long-acting Growth-promoting Implant (Revalor-XS) as an Initial Implant in a Re-implant Program with a revalor-200 Terminal Implant in Feedlot Cattle: A Three-study Pooled Analysis." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.215.
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Abstract Data from three large-pen feedlot studies were pooled to evaluate use of a long-acting implant (Revalor-XS) as an initial implant in a re-implant program. The three studies consisted of 2,764 steers in 40 pens, with an initial body weight (BW) of 271 kg. Treatments consisted of Revalor-IS [80 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA), 16 mg estradiol (E2)] administered on arrival, followed by Revalor-200 (200 mg TBA, 20 mg E2) terminal implant (IS/200) or Revalor-XS (80 mg TBA, 16 mg E2 uncoated; 120 mg TBA, 24 mg E2 coated; 200 mg TBA, 40 mg E2 total) on arrival followed by Revalor-200 terminal implant (XS/200). Steers were fed to equal days-on-feed (DOF) within study and averaged 210 DOF. Steers within treatment were re-implanted at same DOF in two studies (Day 124 on average followed by an 81-day terminal implant window). In the third study, IS/200 steers were implanted on Day 120 and XS/200 steers on Day 140 of the 217-day study. Final BW averaged 635.6 and 638.3 kg for IS/200 and XS/200, respectively (P = 0.21). There were no differences (P > 0.26) in DMI, ADG and Gain:Feed between treatments. Hot carcass weight tended (P = 0.07) to be greater with XS/200 (412.7 kg) compared with IS/200 (409.1 kg). Ribeye area was greater (P < 0.01) and fat thickness tended (P = 0.06) to be lower with XS/200 compared with IS/200. Distributions of USDA quality grades were not affected (P = 0.26) by treatment. Distributions of USDA yield grades (YG) were affected (P = 0.01) by treatment with a shift toward more YG 1 and 2 carcasses with XS/200 and more YG 4 and 5 carcasses with IS/200. This analysis indicates that using Revalor-XS as an initial implant leads to greater carcass weight and ribeye area and lower YG when compared with Revalor-IS.
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Böhm, A., and S. Hoy. "Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Geburtsmasse auf die Lebendmasseentwicklung von Hundewelpen bis zum 20. Lebenstag." Archives Animal Breeding 43, no. 6 (October 10, 2000): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-43-655-2000.
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Abstract. Title of the paper: Investigations on influence of birth weight on live weight development up to 20th day of age in dog pups Investigations with 102 litters and 715 alive born and 581 individually controlled up to 20th day of age dog pups have shown a highly significant influence of birth weight (x) on weight at the end of third week of age (y) (r = .457; y = 299.9 + 1.99x; p < 0.01). Birth weight of pups died (281 g) was highly significant lower compared to pups who were not lost up to 20th day of age (328 g). Pups with birth weight of more than 451 g reached without losses live weight at day 20 of age which was appr. twice higher compared to pups with birth weight of less than 200 g. Those pups with low birth weight (< 200 g) had a percentage of losses of 83.3 %. Increasing litter size leads to highly significant reduce both in birth weight from 361 to 396 g (litter size = 2 to 5) to 286 g (litter size = 12) and live weight at day 20 of age from 1292 g (litter size = 3) to 748 g (litter size =11). Male dog pups had a less higher live weight compared to female siblings at all points.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "200 day weight"
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Thomas, Craig W. "Current practices and future possibilities of performance recording extensively-grazed commercial beef herds in New Zealand." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/844.
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There is little evidence that the productivity of New Zealand beef herds has improved over time. Data from the NZ Meat and Wool Board’s Economic Service (2006) suggest that the average national calving percentage has declined over the last two decades. During the same period cattle carcass weights have increased but so too has the average cow live-weight which has resulted in increased maintenance costs of the cow herds. It is unclear whether production efficiency in the industry has improved or declined over time. The aim of this research was to develop means of improving productivity in commercial beef herds through practical methods of performance recording. The objectives were firstly to establish current management practices in commercial herds and secondly to develop an objective system for cow selection and culling which would have practical application in commercial herds. Beef management survey Ninety two commercial beef producers with more than 100 breeding cows from the greater Canterbury region of New Zealand were surveyed. Pasture control was the main reason given for owning a beef herd. Size and conformation were the main selection criteria for choosing replacement heifers and bulls. Over 80% of herds retained their own heifers as replacements and >60% mated yearling heifers to first calve at two years of age. Fertility was poor in the surveyed herds. In-calf rates at pregnancy testing averaged 88% for maiden heifers, 92% for rising second calvers and 93% for mixed age (m.a.) cows. There was no significant difference between in-calf rates of maiden heifers mated to first calve at two or three years of age; nor was there any significant difference between the re-breeding success of the two groups. Heifers mated at least one week earlier than m.a. cows, achieved a re-breeding success 4.7% greater (P<.01) than those mated at the same time. Reasons for cows not weaning a calf included wet dry (9.3% of pregnant cows wintered), pregnancy tested not-in-calf (7.4%) and dam death (2.6%). Only 87.9% of pregnant females wintered weaned a calf (89.4% of m.a. cows and 84.9% of heifers). Reasons why cows exited the herds included diagnosed empty (37.2% of all exits), involuntary culls (25.4%), sold wet dry (16.2%), deaths (13.1%) and poor calf production (5.1%). Vaccination was infrequent with clostridial vaccines the most common in m.a. cows (15.2%) and in calves (40.7%); vaccination against Leptospirosis was much less common. Very few of the surveyed farms used any system of performance recording; as a result there was very little performance-based selection or culling practiced. Evaluation of alternative measures of cow productivity Data from four performance recording beef herds were used to compare alternative measures of cow productivity with the industry standard which is calf weaning weight adjusted for sex (SOC) and age of calf and age of dam (AOD), i.e. the “200 day weight.” None of the alternative measures evaluated required knowledge of calving date and all were relatively easily obtainable in extensively managed beef herds. The assessment of cows was based not on their estimated breeding values but instead on their most probable producing ability which, as the sum of all of the permanent, repeatable aspects of the calf-rearing ability of the cow, explains considerably more of the variance of weaning weight than does breeding value alone. SOC and AOD-adjusted marking weight, weaning weight and average daily gain (ADG) between marking and weaning were the traits mostly highly correlated with the 200d wt of calves (r = 0.68, 0.90 and 0.74. respectively). An Extensively- Grazed-Cow-Weaning-Index of these three indicator traits was found to be more highly correlated than any of the individual traits on their own (r = 0.94). Index weights for the three indicator traits were calculated within each herd and then those within-herd index weights were regressed on readily obtainable herd descriptive variables to obtain a regression equation that could predict index weights for any herd. When the model was applied to data from two additional herd years not included in the original model, the EGCW Index was highly correlated with the 200d weights (r>0.90). Performance-based culling of previously unselected commercial beef herds based on the EGCW Index will result in improved productivity due to the moderately high repeatability of calf weaning weight. Objective data from extensively grazed commercial herds will also make possible the use of commercial herd data in genetic evaluations of herd sires.
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Wolfe, David Avram. "ACCELEROMETER-BASED PATTERNS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY BY WEIGHT STATUS AND GENDER AMONG US ADULTS: NATIONAL HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY 2003-2006." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337879525.
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Tristram, Hildegard L. C. "Wie weit sind die inselkeltischen Sprachen (und das Englische) analytisiert?" Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2010/4125/.
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Der gemeinsame Wandel der inselkeltischen Sprachen wie auch des Englischen vom vorwiegend synthetischen Typus zum vorwiegend analytischen Typus läßt sich vermutlich auf einen ca. 1500 Jahre dauernden intensiven Sprachenkontakt zwischen diesen Sprachen zurückführen. Heute ist das Englische die analytischste Sprache der Britischen Inseln und Irlands, gefolgt vom Walisischen, Bretonischen und Irischen. Letzteres ist von den genannten Sprachen noch am weitesten morphologisch komplex.I discuss the joint shift of the Insular Celtic languages and of the English language from, typologically speaking, predominantly synthetic languages c. 1500 years ago to predominantly analytical languages today. The demise of the inflectional morphology is most advanced in Present Day English. Welsh follows suit. Then come Breton and Irish. Intensive linguistic interaction across the boundaries of the Germanic and the Insular Celtic languages are proposed to have been instrumental for this type of linguistic convergence.
Books on the topic "200 day weight"
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D'Adamo, Peter. Cook right 4 your type: The practical kitchen companion to eat right 4 your type, including more than 200 original recipes, as well as individualized 30-day meal plans for staying healthy, living longer, and achieving your ideal weight. New York: Berkley Books, 2000.
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D'Adamo, Peter. Cook right 4 your type: The practical kitchen companion to eat right 4 your type, including more than 200 original recipes, as well as individualized 30-day meal plans for staying healthy, living longer, and achieving your ideal weight. New York: Berkley Books, 2000.
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D'Adamo, Peter. Cook right 4 your type: The practical kitchen companion to eat right 4 your type, including more than 200 original recipes, as well as individualized 30-day meal plans for staying healthy, living longer, and achieving your ideal weight. New York: Putnam, 1999.
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D'Adamo, Peter J. Cook right 4 your type: The practical kitchen companion to eat right 4 your type, including more than 200 original recipes, as well as individualized 30-day meal plans for staying healthy, living longer, and achieving your ideal weight. New York: Berkley Books, 2000.
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Catherine, Whitney, ed. Cook right 4 your type: The practical kitchen companion to eat right 4 your type, including more than 200 original recipes, as well as individualized 30-day meal plans for staying healthy, living longer, and achieving your ideal weight. New York: Putnam, 1998.
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Tonini, Alberto, and Marcella Simoni, eds. Realtà e memoria di una disfatta. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-952-6.
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Realtà e memoria di una disfatta does not address either the causes of the Six Day War or the consequences that the military conflict had for Israelis and Palestinians, about which much has been written. It focuses instead on the impact of the war on Arab countries, and the weighty legacy left by the defeat of 1967, which has been much less studied. There are several references to this in the short essay by Samir Kassir, L'infelicità araba, published posthumously in Italy in 2006. In his analysis, Kassir warns against falling into the dual trap that has ensnared the Arab world for the last forty years: on the one hand the Orientalist reading that lays the blame on Islam for the delayed modernisation of this part of the world, and on the other the temptation to heap responsibility for all evils on the West. To avoid this risk, as Kassir sees it, the Arabs have to take their destiny into their own hands, shrugging off victimism and coming to terms with modernity.
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McGraw, Dr Phil. The Ultimate Weight Solution: 2005 Day-to-Day Calendar (Day-To-Day). Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2004.
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Das neue große Weight Watchers Kochbuch. Über 200 Rezepte und Tipps. Heyne, 2002.
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Williams, Matthew K. Ultimate Keto Diet Book #2020: Easy and Healthy Weight Loss Recipes for Every Day Incl. 28 Days Weight Loss Challenge. Independently Published, 2020.
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Williams, Matthew K. Ultimate Sirtfood Diet Book #2020: Easy and Healthy Weight Loss Recipes for Every Day Incl. 28 Days Weight Loss Challenge. Independently Published, 2020.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "200 day weight"
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Kremer, Joachim. "Weit mehr als Grundversorgung: Die Musik am Esslinger Lehrerseminar und das Wirken der Seminarmusiklehrer Johann Georg Frech und Christian Fink." In 200 Jahre staatliche Lehrerbildung in Württemberg, 105–28. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-03622-5_7.
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Perencevich, Molly L., and Robert S. Burakoff. "Diarrhea and Malabsorption." In The Brigham Intensive Review of Internal Medicine, 719–33. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199358274.003.0070.
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The objective definition of diarrhea is stool weight 〉200 g per day. The more common subjective definition is frequency of defecation that is greater than or equal to three stools per day combined with less-than-normal form and consistency. Diarrhea is also defined by duration. Acute diarrhea is defined as 〈2 weeks in duration, persistent diarrhea between 2 and 4 weeks, and chronic diarrhea more than 4 weeks in duration. In the United States most cases of acute diarrhea are due to infections and are self-limited. Noninfectious etiologies are more common in chronic diarrhea. The evaluation and general management of acute and chronic diarrhea are discussed in this chapter.
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Rana, Pooja, Jeganathan Chockalingam, and Arvind Chandra Pandey. "Space-Time Integrated Landslide Hazard Zonation near Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand, India." In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 122–46. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1814-3.ch007.
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The study aims to predict landslide hazard zones near Tehri Dam in Uttarakhand State located in the Western Himalayas in India. Four different models were analysed: Weight Factor Model (M1), Multiple Factor Model (M2), Statistical Bivariate model (M3) and Analytical Hierarchical Processes (AHP) model (M4). Five different combination of reference landslides were used for deriving weights of the classes in the factor maps: all the landslides from 1990, 2002 & 2010 (C1); landslides from 2010 (C2); landslides from 1990 & 2002 (C3); landslides located within 500m from roads (C4); landslides located beyond 500m from roads (C5). The accuracy resulted from each model in each combination was [Mn:C1, C2…Cn]: M1: 60,44,46,38,66%; M2:70,76,79,73,71%; M3:45,37,23,36,85%; M4:64,51,51,64,36%. Multiple Factor Model (M2) resulted in a consistently high accuracy in all the combinations. Finally, the 20 different model outputs were integrated to derive unified hazard zonation maps based on: (a) mean (85% accuracy), (b) penalisation (57% accuracy) and (c) k-means cluster (80% accuracy) approaches.
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Gu, Yeun-Hwa. "New Screening for the Development of Radioprotectors: Radioprotection and Anti-Cancer Effect of β-Glucan (Enterococcus faecalis)." In Translational Research in Cancer [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95016.
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In this study, β-glucan was orally administered and irradiated with whole body 2 Gy. It was then confirmed that the mortality of mice and tumor growth of mice with tumors were significantly reduced. Since the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes increased with a single dose of β-glucan, the crystal was encountered where the radioprotective effect of β-glucan was probably increased by the hematopoietic action of irradiated mice. In previous studies, β-(1–3)-D-glucan extract has a radioprotective effect and an antitumor effect, and regarding the mechanism of action, the immune activity and antioxidant were elucidated. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effects of β-glucan on radiation, protection of immune disorders, and antioxidant effects. After intraperitoneal inoculation of about 2 x 106 sarcoma 180, ICR mice were administered 200 mg/kg β-glucan every other day every two weeks. We irradiated 2 Gy radiation 3 times and counted the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes. In addition, body weight and tumor size were measured 2 weeks after cancer cells were seeded. Antioxidant activity was measured using the AAPH (2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride) method. There was a clear decrease in tumor size in the radiation and glucan groups compared to the group receiving only cancer cells that increased tumor size over time. Almost all mice inoculated with only cancer cells died two weeks after radiation, but two-thirds of radiation and the glucan group were alive. Regardless of radiation exposure, the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes increased when β-glucan was administered. Antioxidant activity has been demonstrated in both groups of glucans. These results may indicate that administration of β-glucan increases immune activity, prevents side effects during cancer radiotherapy, and provides a supplemental tool for the treatment of cancer.
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"Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture." In Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture, edited by Travis B. Horton and Adam C. Strainer. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569988.ch13.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Although burbot <em>Lota lota </em>are native to Montana, little is known about their distribution, life history, and ecology. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution, relative abundance, and population characteristics of burbot in the upper Missouri River basin in north-central Montana, and to compare sampling efficiency of hoop nets, cod traps, and slat traps. Hoop nets and cod traps were fished in the Missouri River during March 2005 and 2006, and slat traps were fished during March 2006. In total, hoop nets were fished 572 net nights, cod traps for 94 net nights, and slat traps for 92 net nights. Catch rates of hoop nets and cod traps were higher in 2005 than in 2006, and catch rates of all gear types were higher in the upstream half of the study area. Mean section-wide hoop-net catch rates exhibited a significant (<EM>P </EM>≤0.05) inverse relationship with increasing distance downstream from Holter Dam, while catch rates for other gear types did not. Catch rates were not significantly different (<EM>P </EM>≥0.05) among gear types. The size (length and weight) and condition (relative weight) of burbot sampled was significantly (<EM>P </EM>≤0.05) different among gear types. Length, weight, and relative weight were higher for burbot sampled in hoop nets and cod traps than those sampled in slat traps. Slat traps were effective at sampling small (≤300 mm) burbot. Although most (80%) burbot were recaptured within 10 km of where they were tagged, three burbot moved more than 33 km. We hypothesize that the distribution of burbot in our study reach has changed and relative abundance has increased due to the cumulative effect of upstream reservoirs (Canyon Ferry, Hauser, and Holter) by decreasing the downstream water temperature regimen.
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Bönig, Dagmar, and Bernadette Thöne. "Potentiale des virtuellen Zwanzigerfeldes für den Einsatz in der Grundschule und Lehramtsausbil-dung." In Mathematik treiben mit Grundschulkindern – Konzepte statt Rezepte. Festschrift für Günter Krauthausen, 5–16. WTM-Verlag Münster, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37626/ga9783959871624.0.01.
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Das Zwanzigerfeld ist als Arbeitsmittel im mathematischen Anfangsunterricht weit verbreitet. Der Umgang mit diesem Arbeitsmittel spielt eine zentrale Rolle im arithmetischen Lernprozess von Kindern. Mit Blick auf die Überwindung zählenden Rechnens stellen gerade die dazu im Unterricht angebotenen Aufgaben und die Diskussion ihrer Bearbeitung im Unterrichtsgespräch ein entscheidendes Qualitätskriterium dar (Schipper 2009; Röhr 2002). Aufgrund der Vielfalt möglicher Aktivitäten gehaltvoller Aufgabenstellungen postuliert Krauthausen bereits 2012 einen evtl. Nutzen der virtuellen Variante. Im vorliegenden Beitrag skizzieren wir ausgehend von den theoretischen Potentialen des virtuellen Zwanzigerfeldes Ergebnisse aus empirischen Erprobungen der App mit Grundschulkindern, um am Ende einen kurzen Ausblick auf den Einsatz im Rahmen der Lehramtsausbildung zu werfen.
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Chochliouros, Ioannis, Anastasia S. Spiliopoulou, and Stergios P. Chochliouros. "Developing Content Delivery Networks." In Encyclopedia of Multimedia Technology and Networking, Second Edition, 341–48. IGI Global, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-014-1.ch047.
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Over the past decades, the expansion of the converged Web-based facilities/infrastructures, together with new business perspectives, have created new needs for all (potential) categories of end-users. Although various effects were significant in most sectors (European Commission, 2005) the fast progress has, however, promoted more complex issues, especially for the delivery of multimedia-based applications. It is now a common view that there is a growing need for delivering high-quality services in the scope of liberalized and competitive markets, where multiple factors of different origin (i.e., technological, business, economic, regulatory, social, etc.) can drastically affect further deployment, establishment or upgrading of existing infrastructures and of any possible (innovative) services offered through them, especially if considering the continuous expansion of the broadband perspective (Chochliouros, & Spiliopoulou, 2005). Furthermore, multimedia applications are bandwidth consuming and new applications for absorbing the available assets appear. As the “converged” sector of information technologies, communication, and media industries is currently on the “edge” of a crucial phase of growth, several challenges appear in the global scene: Appropriate infrastructures for delivering mails, exchanging data files (of various forms of content) and simple Web browsing are now required to be adopted and used, to support the streaming of multimedia content and, simultaneously, to “compose” a reliable means of transmitting information between several entities (physical and legal persons) using digital facilities. Although technological advances have enhanced the deployment of faster (lesser latency) and greater (more bandwidth) “network lines” possessing significant advantages, the demands of the extravagant use of Internet from users worldwide (Dilley, Maggs, Parikh, Prokop, Sitaraman, & Weihl, 2002; Shoniregun, Chochliouros, Laperche, Logvynovskiy, & Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou, 2004), together with an extensive variance of services offered, were primary motives for researchers to develop a specific category of modern infrastructures, known as content distribution (or delivery) networks (CDNs) (Hull, 2002; Verma, 2002). The development of suitable content delivery networking comprises one of the most important challenges in the global networking area, together with the expansion of various IP trends. Content networks influence high-layer network intelligence to efficiently manage the delivery of various forms of data (which is becoming progressively more multimedia in nature). At an initial stage, they were built upon the structure of the public Internet (Saroiu, Gummadi, Dunn, Gribble, & Levy, 2002), to accelerate Web site performance (Johnson, Carr, Day, & Frans Kaashoek, 2000). This option has been fulfilled in numerous cases, and such intelligent network tools can be applied in other beneficial and profitable ways.
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Burton, Christopher R., and Caroline Smith. "Understanding Stroke." In Adult Nursing Practice. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199697410.003.0023.
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The aim of this chapter is to provide nurses with the knowledge to be able to assess, manage, and care for people with stroke in an evidence-based and person-centred way. The chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of the seven stages of stroke, exploring best practice to deliver care, as well as to prevent or minimize further ill-health. Nursing assessments and priorities are highlighted throughout, and the nursing management of the symptoms and common health problems associated with stroke can be found in Chapters 23, 24, and 27, respectively. Stroke is defined as the rapid onset of focal neurological deficit lasting more than 24 hours (in which the patient survives the initial event), with no apparent cause other than disruption of blood supply to the brain (World Health Organization, 1978). As well as being the third commonest cause of death only in middle- and high-income countries (WHO, 1978) (along with cancer and heart disease), stroke is the largest cause of adult physical disability in the world (Bath and Lees, 2000). However, owing to advances in research and evidence synthesis, stroke is now a preventable and treatable disease (National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (NCCC), 2008). Despite its relative small weight (approximately 2% of body weight), the brain requires 750 ml of bloodflow every minute, and consumes nearly 45% of arterial oxygen (Alexandrov, 2003). Bloodflow to the brain is assured through two circulatory systems (anterior and posterior), which are connected by the circle of Willis, and supplied by the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Disruption of this bloodflow can be either in the form of a bleed (haemorrhagic stroke) or clot (ischaemic stroke), and the clinical presentation will vary depending on the location of the disruption in the brain. Ischaemic strokes are more common and account for almost 70% of all events (Wolfe et al., 2002). Whilst thorough clinical examination is essential, the only clear tool to identify the type of stroke is to perform a brain scan using either magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) technology. It is important to note that, often, when a CT brain scan is performed within the first few hours of an event, the scan may not show any significant tissue damage because the changes that occur may take several days to be clearly visible.
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"Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns." In Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns, edited by Lucian A. Marcogliese and John M. Casselman. American Fisheries Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569964.ch14.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—The eel ladder at the Moses-Saunders Dam at Cornwall, Ontario, provides the longest recruitment index of migrating juvenile American eels <em>Anguilla rostrata </em>in the species’ range, spanning 30 years from 1974 to 2003. Historically, mean size of eels ascending the ladder during the peak midsummer migration period was significantly smaller than mean size of eels in the total annual run. From the 1970s to 2000s, mean size during peak migration increased significantly (<EM>P </EM>< 0.0001), a 1.4- and 2.6-fold increase in length and weight, respectively. In 1988, length surpassed a transitional size of 400 mm and has remained above this level since 1993. A new index of passage of small eels (<400 mm) during peak migration was developed to better indicate young eel recruitment. From 1975–1983, the new index indicated a high percentage (61.2–93.8%) of small eels, but a decline started in the mid-1980s, and in 1988, for the first time fell below 50% of peak passage (46.6%). To date, the declining trend of small eel passage continues (1989–2002, x = 31.4 ± 12.7–95% CI). Not only has the number of eels ascending the ladder decreased significantly during peak migration (>3 orders of magnitude, 1982–2001), but there has been a coincident significant increase in the size of eels. Recruitment of small, young eels has essentially ceased.
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Nieto, Laura, Betania Groba, and Francisco Servia. "Experience Using Information and Communication Technologies with Elderly People." In Handbook of Research on Personal Autonomy Technologies and Disability Informatics, 346–57. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-206-0.ch022.
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The elderly show very low rates of access to and use of the new technologies in comparison with their significant weight in the overall population. It is essential to establish alternatives which respond to their needs and promote the access to and use of ICTs among all citizens on equal conditions. This chapter describes an experiment conducted with new technologies in the Red Cross Elderly Day Care Centre in A Coruña, using the In-TIC software and a specific methodology for intervention with elderly individuals. Three different lines of action were followed: initial evaluation of the users participating in the project; intervention by means of digital literacy and therapeutic stimulation sessions with the ICT; and final re-evaluation and data collection. The results obtained provide proof of an improvement in the users’ cognitive abilities, the acquisition of computer knowledge and skills, and the satisfaction of the elderly with regard to new technologies.
Conference papers on the topic "200 day weight"
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Poniewierski, M., M. Barthels, and H. Poliwoda. "THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN (FRAGMIN) IN THE PREVENTION OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS IN MEDICAL PATIENTS: A RANDOMIZED DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643224.
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The safety and efficacy of 2500 anti-Factor Xa U of a low molecular weight heparin (Kabi 2165, Fragmin) subcutaneously once a day, and 5000 IU of standard unfractionated Heparin (KabiVitrum, Stockholm) subcutaneously twice daily as thromboprophylaxis was compared in 200 medical patients in a randomized double blind trial. According to the risk of DVT the patients were stratified before randomization in a high and low risk group. The high risk group consisted of 100 patients mainly with malignant diseases and/or previous history of thromboembolism, the low risk group of 100 patients with mainly myocardial infarction and/or coronary heart disease. The prophylaxis was given for seven to ten days. In 192 consecutive patients the clinical status and thermographic screening for DVT (leg temperature profiles, DeVeTherm) were daily evaluated. In two cases of suspected DVT and one case of suspected PE, the following phlebography or pulmonary scintigraphy were found to be negative. In the high risk group, one patient treated with Fragmin having a central venous catheter developed on day 10 symptoms of an arm vein thrombosis. There were no bleeding complications observed in either of the two treatment groups. Two patients with trombocytopenia (25.000 and 22.000/pl) due to chemotherapy and underlying malignant disease were successfully treated with Fragmin without developing any bleeding complications. In eight patients during Fragmin prophylaxis invasive diagnostic methods as heart catheterization, gastroscopy, bronchoscopy or spinal puncture were performed without noticing any bleeding events. 2500 anti-Factor Xa U of Fragmin gave plasma levels by anti-Factor Xa assay (S-2222, Kabi) of mean 0,1 U/ml when blood was sampled three to four hours after the subcutaneus application. There was no accumulation during the treatment periode observed.This study suggests that 2500 anti-Factor Xa U of Fragmin once daily is as safe and effective as 5000 IU of standard heparin twice daily in these medical patients. Especially in patients who need prophylaxis for a long time eg. with malignant disease, the once daily injection is welcomed.
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Alam, Shah, and Mohammad Nazmus Saquib. "Impact Analysis of a Composite Armor System." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11748.
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Abstract Present day demands composite material with even lighter weight and higher strength for using in aerospace, automobile and defense industries. Due to posing significantly weight saving and higher stiffness attribute, use of sandwich composite structure is the demand of the time. Impact analysis of sandwich composite armor system is necessary to design and develop new armor for defense sectors. The goal of this study is to design, model and analyze the dynamic response of the composite armor system in terms of residual velocity and energy absorption capacity. The design parameters are investigated for different fiber reinforced polymers (High tensile strength Carbon/epoxy, Carbon Fiber/Carbon Nanotube reinforced polymers) as top and bottom skin, with an Aluminum Alloy 7039 corrugated core structure and square prismoid assembled Ceramic (SiC) core centerpieces at different velocities (50 m/s, 100 m/s, 200 m/s, 400 m/s). This non-linear explicit dynamic study is performed using commercial software ABAQUS CAE 2017. Best combination for the composite armor system is suggested based on the results.
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Zhenchenko, K. G., E. N. Turin, and A. A. Gongalo. "Effect of Pisum sativum L. seed treatment with the complex of microbiological preparation on the plants’ growth and development under direct sowing." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.27.
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We studied the use of the complex microbial preparation (CMP) in 2016-2018 at the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea. The soil is southern chernozem. Long-term annual precipitation – 428 mm; long-term annual air temperature – 12 °С. Pisum sativum L. variety – ‘Madonna’. Chemical treating agent Vitavax 200 FF (water suspension concentrate) at the rate of 0.75 l/ha was used in the control variant. Seeds were inoculated with CMP on the day of planting (FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” is the owner of CMP). The composition of the studied complex – 1) symbiotic nitrogen fixers; 2) phosphorus mobilizing microorganisms; 3) microorganisms that inhibit the growth and development of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. On average, over three years of research, the height of pea plants was the same and amounted to 82.3 cm in the control and 80.7 cm in the experimental variant. The symbiosis of PS and CMP had a significant effect on the number of beans per plant. In the control, 7.6 pieces were formed; under the influence of CMP – 8.6. In our experiments, the grain size was influenced both by the conditions of the growing season in a particular year and the treatment with CMP. The most favorable conditions were in 2016, which contributed to the largest 1000-grain weight (on average 284 g). In extremely arid 2018, the smallest peas were formed (1000-grain weight – 258 g). On average for 2016-2018, the yield in the variant with inoculation was 0.2 t/ha higher. The small Pisum sativum L. yield in 2018 can be explained by the low air humidity and the absence of productive precipitation.
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Fuehne, Joseph P., Julie Phillips, and Anji McKinney. "The Boiler Tech Challenge: A Fun Competition and Recruiting Tool for Engineering Technology Programs." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-38967.
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Project Lead The Way, a pre-engineering curriculum for secondary students, has gained in popularity and importance at secondary institutions in the Region 9 workforce area in south central Indiana. The Purdue College of Technology in Columbus, Indiana stands to benefit from this effort by attracting these students to its programs, which have been enrollment-challenged in recent years. One possible recruiting tool instituted by the College of Technology in Columbus is the “Boiler Tech Challenge” for Project Lead the Way students throughout the region. Nearly 200 students from high schools around the region assembled at the Purdue College of Technology site in Columbus. There were teams of 4 students who needed to solve one of five possible challenges. With a space theme, the teams needed to design and build a space station tower to withstand a certain weight, build and assemble a spacesuit for one of the team members to wear, use a CAD tool to design a space station, design and build a pneumatic lift system to assist in the production of hydroponic vegetables in the space station, and design and build a carbon dioxide scrubber/filter to clean the air on a command module. This last challenge is similar to the situation encountered by the astronauts of Apollo 13. A maximum of 10 teams (no more than 4 team members per team) do each challenge and are given two hours to complete the challenge. Prizes are given to the winners. Other sessions throughout the day-long event include information sessions about the College of Technology in Columbus, a presentation by an engineer associated with the space program, and lunch. This work provides more details about the event and includes survey results of the participants. The initial event brought approximately 160 high school students to the Purdue College of Technology campus in Columbus and was a great recruiting tool.
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Yeow, Ming-Lei. "Optimising Big Bore Gas Well Completion Design in a Carbonate Field." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21347-ms.
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Abstract A large gas field with carbonate formations was discovered about 200 km (kilometers) offshore, in water depths of 108 m (meters) below mean sea level. Flow analysis and reservoir depletion studies by the Operator show 7" tubing is required to provide high production rates of about 80 to 120 million Standard Cubic Feet per day (mmscfd) per well as the optimum production and depletion strategy for the field. The field presents significant challenges to well construction and completion. These challenges were considered in the design stage to optimise well completion design and operations. This paper describes the approach and methods used to overcome the challenges in the design and execution stage to optimise the completion design and to manage challenges during construction of the well including: –Due to loss of circulation in the fractured gas carbonate reservoirs, the well will be drilled with Pressurised Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD), a form of Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD). Thus, the design needs to provide for installing the well completion in this condition–The wells required heavy mud weight for drilling and thus, heavy brine weights for well completion. Challenges to avoid or minimise the loss of high cost heavy brine were considered–High reservoir temperatures of about 325 deg. F (degrees Fahrenheit) which lead to challenges of ensuring equipment will continue to work in high temperature environments, high loads / stresses on completion & casing during production, and Wellhead & Christmas Tree & Flowline movement / growth.–Presence of sour gas and CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) which require optimising metallurgy of tubulars and downhole equipment, considering corrosion and cost requirements–Understanding loads / stresses on the tubing and casings with high flowrates and high flowing temperatures–Concerns with formation collapse during production–Corrosion studies to optimise material selection and ensuring well integrity for at least twenty (20) years’ field life–Manage hydrates and scaling while carrying out well completion, well clean and well test operations and during the field life–Acceptable seals, barriers and completion equipment to manage high pressure gas–Wellhead and Christmas Tree that can take the high temperature and sour gas content–Well clean-up and testing after completion in conjunction with drilling operations–Cost and time optimisation to maximize returns on investment for the project. Well completion engineering studies were carried out for each challenge or consideration. Experiences and lessons from similar gas fields were also considered. Corrosion laboratory analysis was carried out to optimise the corrosion resistant alloy for the completion tubular and completion equipment. For each solution to the challenge, cost and time considerations were reviewed and studied to optimise the design, cost, integrity and safety of the wells and operations. This paper describes the approaches and methods taken by the Operator to optimise the Big Bore Gas Well Completion Design including some lessons for improvement after successfully drilling, completing, clean-up and testing of the first well with this completion design.
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Ferrill, Lawrence R., N. Daryl Ronsky, and Tim A. Harris. "Explosions in Gas Turbine Lube Oil Reservoir Result in Installation of Dry Gas Seal System." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-222.
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Mechanical dry gas seal systems were retrofitted into two centrifugal natural gas compressors which are located offshore in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. The project was initiated after a fire and several gas explosions had occurred in the gas turbine lube oil reservoir. These incidents were a result of gas leaking from the compressor’s seal oil system and then migrating via the lube oil lines into the reservoir. The dry gas seal systems have eliminated gas leakage into the turbine lube oil reservoir, eliminating the hazard of gas explosion. The retrofits have also provided additional benefits including reductions in space and weight, reduced power usage, reduced maintenance, and elimination of seal oil consumption which had been up to 440 gal./day (2000 liters/day).
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Li, Jingtao, Adnan Siraj Rakin, Yan Xiong, Liangliang Chang, Zhezhi He, Deliang Fan, and Chaitali Chakrabarti. "Defending Bit-Flip Attack through DNN Weight Reconstruction." In 2020 57th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dac18072.2020.9218665.
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Mätzsch, T., D. Berggvist, U. Hedner, B. Nilsson, and P. Østergaard. "INDUCTION OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN RATS BY STANDARD HEPARIN AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642930.
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Long-term treatment with heparin can induce osteoporosis. This complication is suspected to be related to the dosage of heparin rather than to duration of therapy, but the mechanism by which heparin induces osteoporosis is unknown. In a previous study we reported the same degree of reduction in mineral bone mass in rats after treatment with 2 IU heparm/g bw for 33 and 65 days (Thromb Haemostas 1986,56:293-4). Using the same animal model we compared the effect of a high-dose standard heparin (SH) and a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in a high and a low dose on the mineral bone mass in the femur of rats. Method: 60 female Wistar rats (207±1.8 g) were randomly allocated to treatment with either 2 Xal U/g bw of standard heparin (SH), 2 Xal U/g bw of LMWH ("high-dose"), 0.4 Xal U/g bw LMWH ("low-do-se") or placebo (saline). A standard sodium salt heparin of porcine origin was used, and the LMWH was an enzymatically depolymerized pork mucosal heparin (LHN-1, mean MW 4900 D). Treatment with s.c. injections was continued for 34 days. 24 hours after the last injection the rats were sacrificed and the carefully cleaned femora weighed in air and in water under standardized conditions. Volumes and densities were calculated from the weights. The bones were then incinerated for 48 hours at 600°C and weighed again to determine the ash content (expressed as ash weight per ml of unashed femur volume). Results: There was a significant decrease in ash content (p<0.01) and density (p<0.01) of the femora in all heparin treated groups as compared with controls. High-dose LMWH caused the same reduction in bone mineral mass as standard heparin. Treatment with low-dose LMWH resulted in a significantly less pronounced reduction in ash content (p<0.001) and density (p<0.05) of the femora when compared with high-dose standard heparin and high-dose LMWH. CONCLUSION: Daily injections of 2 Xal U/g body weight of standard heparin or low molecular weight heparin for 34 days causes the same degree of reduction of mineral bone mass in rats. The reduction of mineral bone mass in rats by treatment with low molecular weight heparin is dose dependent.
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El-Semary, Aly M., and Mohamed Mostafa A. Azim. "Path energy weight: A global energy-aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks." In 2010 IFIP Wireless Days (WD). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wd.2010.5657734.
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Al-qahtani, Noora Saad, and Talaat Ahmed. "Effect of Seagrass Liquid Extracts on Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Under Salt stress Conditions." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0104.
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Salinity is considered as major environmental challenge that affects crop growth and productivity. This study investigated the application of Haodule univervis seagrass liquid extract on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under salt stress conditions. The salinity treatments were applied by irrigating bell pepper plants with 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM/l of NaCl with four replications. The bell pepper plants were divided into two groups: one group was sprayed with seagrass extract, and the other group was sprayed with distilled water. The salt treatment was applied at every 10 days interval for only three treatments, and the bell pepper leaves were sprayed about seven days after the salt treatment. The results showed an increase in relative water content (RWC) of salt stressed bell pepper plants sprayed with seagrass extract from 0- 100 mM of NaCl treatment, while RWC decreased at 150 and 200 mM NaCl treatments compared to the control. This indicates stressed bell pepper plants sprayed with seagrass extract had higher RWC than plants sprayed with water at 0-100 mM NaCl treatments. Chlorophyll concentration was decreased dramatically in plants sprayed with water at 50mM of NaCl level. However, chlorophyll concentration increased slightly in plants sprayed with water at 100 mM NaCl level then start declined gradually at 150 mM and 200mM NaCl level. The plants sprayed with seagrass extract showed an increase in chlorophyll concentration at 100 and 150 mM NaCl treatment compared to the control. Fresh weights of plants sprayed with seagrass extract were declined at 50-150 mM NaCl compared to the control. However, the highest dry weights of plants sprayed with seagrass at 100 mM NaCl treatment. In addition, plants sprayed with water did not show variations in fresh and dry weights.
Reports on the topic "200 day weight"
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Parfenova, Elena. Database "Climate parameters of seed provenances of pine in northern eurasia". SIB-Expertise, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/sib-expertise-0351-25122020.
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Database is created for pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds weight from different habitats of northern Eurasia. Each database record consists of the following fields: latitude, longitude, July temperature, January temperature, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, precipitation of vegetation period, growing degree days of vegetation period, degree days of winter period. Database is of 200 records long distributed along the whole area of pine in northern Eurasia.
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Ripey, Mariya. NUMBERS IN THE NEWS TEXT (BASED ON MATERIAL OF ONE ISSUE OF NATIONWIDE NEWSPAPER “DAY”). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11106.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the digital content of publications of one issue of the daily All-Ukrainian newspaper “Den” (March 13-14, 2020). The author aims to identify the main thematic groups of digital designations, as well as to consider cases of justified and unsuccessful use of digital designations. Applying the content analysis method, the author identifies publications that contain numerical notations, determines the number of such notations and their affiliation with the main subject groups. Finds that the thematic group of digital designations “time” (58.6% of all digital designations) is much more dominant. This indicates that timing is the most important task of a newspaper text. The second largest group of digital designations is “measure” (15.8% of all digital designations). It covers dimensions and proportions, measurements of distance, weight, volume, and more. The third largest group of digital signage is money (8.2% of all digital signage), the fourth is numbering (5.2% of all digital signage), and the fifth is people (4.4% of all digital signage). The author focuses on the fact that the digits of the journalist’s text are both a source of information and a catch for the reader. Vivid indicators give the text a sense of accuracy. When referring digital data to the text, journalists must adhere to certain rules for the writing of ordinal numbers with incremental graduation; submission of dates; pointing to unique integers that are combined (or not combined) with units of physical quantities, monetary units, etc.; writing a numerator at the beginning of a sentence; unified presentation of data. This will greatly facilitate the reader’s perception of the information.
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Job, Jacob. Mesa Verde National Park: Acoustic monitoring report. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286703.
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In 2015, the Natural Sounds and Night Skies Division (NSNSD) received a request to collect baseline acoustical data at Mesa Verde National Park (MEVE). Between July and August 2015, as well as February and March 2016, three acoustical monitoring systems were deployed throughout the park, however one site (MEVE002) stopped recording after a couple days during the summer due to wildlife interference. The goal of the study was to establish a baseline soundscape inventory of backcountry and frontcountry sites within the park. This inventory will be used to establish indicators and thresholds of soundscape quality that will support the park and NSNSD in developing a comprehensive approach to protecting the acoustic environment through soundscape management planning. Additionally, results of this study will help the park identify major sources of noise within the park, as well as provide a baseline understanding of the acoustical environment as a whole for use in potential future comparative studies. In this deployment, sound pressure level (SPL) was measured continuously every second by a calibrated sound level meter. Other equipment included an anemometer to collect wind speed and a digital audio recorder collecting continuous recordings to document sound sources. In this document, “sound pressure level” refers to broadband (12.5 Hz–20 kHz), A-weighted, 1-second time averaged sound level (LAeq, 1s), and hereafter referred to as “sound level.” Sound levels are measured on a logarithmic scale relative to the reference sound pressure for atmospheric sources, 20 μPa. The logarithmic scale is a useful way to express the wide range of sound pressures perceived by the human ear. Sound levels are reported in decibels (dB). A-weighting is applied to sound levels in order to account for the response of the human ear (Harris, 1998). To approximate human hearing sensitivity, A-weighting discounts sounds below 1 kHz and above 6 kHz. Trained technicians calculated time audible metrics after monitoring was complete. See Methods section for protocol details, equipment specifications, and metric calculations. Median existing (LA50) and natural ambient (LAnat) metrics are also reported for daytime (7:00–19:00) and nighttime (19:00–7:00). Prominent noise sources at the two backcountry sites (MEVE001 and MEVE002) included vehicles and aircraft, while building and vehicle predominated at the frontcountry site (MEVE003). Table 1 displays time audible values for each of these noise sources during the monitoring period, as well as ambient sound levels. In determining the current conditions of an acoustical environment, it is informative to examine how often sound levels exceed certain values. Table 2 reports the percent of time that measured levels at the three monitoring locations were above four key values.
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Monetary Policy Report - January 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr1.-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Macroeconomic Summary Overall inflation (1.61%) and core inflation (excluding food and regulated items) (1.11%) both declined beyond the technical staff’s expectations in the fourth quarter of 2020. Year-end 2021 forecasts for both indicators were revised downward to 2.3% and 2.1%, respectively. Market inflation expectations also fell over this period and suggested inflation below the 3% target through the end of this year, rising to the target in 2022. Downward pressure on inflation was more significant in the fourth quarter than previously projected, indicating weak demand. Annual deceleration among the main groups of the consumer price index (CPI) was generalized and, except for foods, was greater than projected in the October report. The CPI for goods (excluding foods and regulated items) and the CPI for regulated items were subject to the largest decelerations and forecasting discrepancies. In the first case, this was due in part to a greater-than-expected effect on prices from the government’s “VAT-fee day” amid weak demand, and from the extension of some price relief measures. For regulated items, the deceleration was caused in part by unanticipated declines in some utility prices. Annual change in the CPI for services continued to decline as a result of the performance of those services that were not subject to price relief measures, in particular. Although some of the overall decline in inflation is expected to be temporary and reverse course in the second quarter of 2021, various sources of downward pressure on inflation have become more acute and will likely remain into next year. These include ample excesses in capacity, as suggested by the continued and greater-than-expected deceleration in core inflation indicators and in the CPI for services excluding price relief measures. This dynamic is also suggested by the minimal transmission of accumulated depreciation of the peso on domestic prices. Although excess capacity should fall in 2021, the decline will likely be slower than projected in the October report amid additional restrictions on mobility due to a recent acceleration of growth in COVID-19 cases. An additional factor is that low inflation registered at the end of 2020 will likely be reflected in low price adjustments on certain indexed services with significant weight in the CPI, including real estate rentals and some utilities. These factors should keep inflation below the target and lower than estimates from the previous report on the forecast horizon. Inflation is expected to continue to decline to levels near 1% in March, later increasing to 2.3% at the end of 2021 and 2.7% at year-end 2022 (Graph 1.1). According to the Bank’s most recent survey, market analysts expect inflation of 2.7% and 3.1% in December 2021 and 2022, respectively. Expected inflation derived from government bonds was 2% for year-end 2021, while expected inflation based on bonds one year forward from that date (FBEI 1-1 2022) was 3.2%.