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Journal articles on the topic "20.52 African art"
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El Bouzidi, Kate, Rawlings P. Datir, Vivian Kwaghe, Sunando Roy, Dan Frampton, Judith Breuer, Obinna Ogbanufe, et al. "Deep sequencing of HIV-1 reveals extensive subtype variation and drug resistance after failure of first-line antiretroviral regimens in Nigeria." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 77, no. 2 (November 6, 2021): 474–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab385.
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Abstract Background Deep sequencing could improve understanding of HIV treatment failure and viral population dynamics. However, this tool is often inaccessible in low- and middle-income countries. Objectives To determine the genetic patterns of resistance emerging in West African HIV-1 subtypes during first-line virological failure, and the implications for future antiretroviral options. Patients and methods Participants were selected from a Nigerian cohort of people living with HIV who had failed first-line ART and subsequently switched to second-line therapy. Whole HIV-1 genome sequences were generated from first-line virological failure samples with Illumina MiSeq. Mutations detected at ≥2% frequency were analysed and compared by subtype. Results HIV-1 sequences were obtained from 101 participants (65% female, median age 30 years, median 32.9 months of nevirapine- or efavirenz-based ART). Thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) were detected in 61%, other core NRTI mutations in 92% and NNRTI mutations in 99%. Minority variants (<20% frequency) comprised 18% of all mutations. K65R was more prevalent in CRF02_AG than G subtypes (33% versus 7%; P = 0.002), and ≥3 TAMs were more common in G than CRF02_AG (52% versus 24%; P = 0.004). Subtype G viruses also contained more RT cleavage site mutations. Cross-resistance to at least one of the newer NNRTIs, doravirine, etravirine or rilpivirine, was predicted in 81% of participants. Conclusions Extensive drug resistance had accumulated in people with West African HIV-1 subtypes, prior to second-line ART. Deep sequencing significantly increased the detection of resistance-associated mutations. Caution should be used if considering newer-generation NNRTI agents in this setting.
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Hibbard, Aime, Kate Flanaghan, Ali Judd, and Katia Prime. "P174 Clinical outcomes in adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (PAH) transitioning from paediatric to adult care in a large regional HIV clinic in london." Sexually Transmitted Infections 93, Suppl 1 (June 2017): A73.3—A74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053232.217.
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IntroductionWe assessed outcomes in PaH adolescents transitioning from paediatric to adult care within a regional HIV clinic.MethodsRetrospective case-note review 10/02/04–31/12/15. Data collected: demographics, CDC stage, viral loads (VL), CD4 counts, antiretroviral therapy (ART), resistance and loss to follow up; using a standardised database. Pre- and post-transition outcomes were compared using paired T-tests for means and McNemar’s Exact tests for proportions.Results57 patients; 29(51%) male, 34(60%) born outside UK, 51(89%) black African. Median age at diagnosis 3 years [range 0–18]; at transition 18 years [15–20]. Median time since transition 5 years [1 month–13 years]. At transition CDC B 27/57(47%), CDC C 18/57(32%), post transition 28/57(49%), 20/57(35%), respectively, including one suicide. Of those with ≥2 years data post-transition, 31/48(65%) had two consecutive VL>40c/mL or one VL>10,000c/mL in the 2 years pre-transition, compared with 22/48(46%) post-transition (p=0.035). Mean CD4 count 12 months pre/post-transition 520 c/mm3, 500 c/mm3, respectively (p=0.4). At transition 52/57(91%) on ART (vs. 55(96%) at last visit, p=0.1), 10/46(22%) 1st line (5/55(9%) last visit), median duration of ART 7 years [0–18]. Resistance: 18/46(39%) nil, 13/46(28%) ≥1, 13/46(28%) ≥2, 1/46(2%) ≥3 drug classes. 4 patients were lost to follow-up (LTFU), all returning within 5 years [1-5].DiscussionThere was no difference in mean CD4 pre or post-transition, but the proportion who were suppressed improved post-transition. CDC stage progressed in 3 adolescents. All patients had options for suppressive ART although few were on 1stline. There was no long-term LTFU.
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Jamieson, Lise, Leigh F. Johnson, Katleho Matsimela, Linda Alinafe Sande, Marc d'Elbée, Mohammed Majam, Cheryl Johnson, et al. "The cost effectiveness and optimal configuration of HIV self-test distribution in South Africa: a model analysis." BMJ Global Health 6, Suppl 4 (July 2021): e005598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005598.
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BackgroundHIV self-testing (HIVST) has been shown to be acceptable, feasible and effective in increasing HIV testing uptake. Novel testing strategies are critical to achieving the UNAIDS target of 95% HIV-positive diagnosis by 2025 in South Africa and globally.MethodsWe modelled the impact of six HIVST kit distribution modalities (community fixed-point, taxi ranks, workplace, partners of primary healthcare (PHC) antiretroviral therapy (ART) patients), partners of pregnant women, primary PHC distribution) in South Africa over 20 years (2020–2039), using data collected alongside the Self-Testing AfRica Initiative. We modelled two annual distribution scenarios: (A) 1 million HIVST kits (current) or (B) up to 6.7 million kits. Incremental economic costs (2019 US$) were estimated from the provider perspective; assumptions on uptake and screening positivity were based on surveys of a subset of kit recipients and modelled using the Thembisa model. Cost-effectiveness of each distribution modality compared with the status-quo distribution configuration was estimated as cost per life year saved (estimated from life years lost due to AIDS) and optimised using a fractional factorial design.ResultsThe largest impact resulted from secondary HIVST distribution to partners of ART patients at PHC (life years saved (LYS): 119 000 (scenario A); 393 000 (scenario B)). However, it was one of the least cost-effective modalities (A: $1394/LYS; B: $4162/LYS). Workplace distribution was cost-saving ($52–$76 million) and predicted to have a moderate epidemic impact (A: 40 000 LYS; B: 156 000 LYS). An optimised scale-up to 6.7 million tests would result in an almost threefold increase in LYS compared with a scale-up of status-quo distribution (216 000 vs 75 000 LYS).ConclusionOptimisation-informed distribution has the potential to vastly improve the impact of HIVST. Using this approach, HIVST can play a key role in improving the long-term health impact of investment in HIVST.
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Ray, Mia, Isaiah Osei-Gyening, Kwabena Acheampong, Marisa Riebesell, and Khadijah A. Mitchell. "Abstract 4830: Predicting drug treatment response in African American lung cancer patients who smoke." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 4830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-4830.
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Abstract Background: Lung cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the US and the leading cause of cancer-related death. African Americans (AAs) have higher lung cancer incidence and mortality rates, and lower survival rates, when compared to their European American (EA) counterparts. It is widely known that cigarette smoking is the strongest risk factor for lung cancer development, but it also plays a significant role in clinical outcome. Cigarette smoking after lung cancer diagnosis (up to 30% patients) comes with several risks, including increased secondary tumors and mortality rates (by 20%), as well as poor treatment outcomes (higher radiation and chemotherapy failure and higher drug clearance). There are limited transcriptomic studies that describe molecular characterizations of AA smokers with lung cancer to predict treatment outcomes. Hypothesis: Cigarette smoking leads to greater drug resistance-related gene expression in AA lung cancer patients. Methods: mRNA expression changes in an AA (NCI-H2172) and EA (NCI-H1944) lung cancer cell line pair exposed to liquid cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) were profiled. The cell lines were matched based on age (62 years), sex (female), histology (lung adenocarcinoma, LUAD, the most common subtype), and culture properties (adherent). The CSC was derived from Murty Pharmaceuticals and prepared by smoking University of Kentucky's 3R4F Standard Research Cigarette on an FTC Smoke Machine. A total of 500,000 cells per well were treated for one hour under standard incubation conditions (37°C, pH 7.0, 5% CO2). Cells were pelleted, RNAs were isolated, treated with DNAse-I to remove contaminating genomic DNA, quantified, and sent for bulk mRNA-sequencing (Novogene Co). Three biological replicates and technical triplicates were performed. Partek Flow and Partek Genomics Suite workflows were used to identify population-specific differentially expressed gene (DEG) signatures and pathway enrichment after CSC exposure. DEG were profiled in LUAD tissues from current smokers in an AA and EA TCGA cohort (n = 18 AAs, 86 EAs). Results: Population-specific gene expression changes were discovered (n = 52 AA DEGs, n = 31 EA DEGs; P <0.001). All of the DEGs were mutually exclusive with no overlap. Some pathways were shared between both populations and others were unique. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway enrichment was unique in AA LUAD cells and ECM receptor interactions were distinct in EA LUAD cells. AKT2 (which activates mTOR) had significantly higher expression in LUAD tumor tissues from current AA smokers compared to current EA smokers. Conclusion: Population-specific PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway alterations may help explain drug resistance in LUAD tumors from AA patients. PI3K signaling is considered a significant cause of resistance to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Future Directions: Expose AA and EA LUAD cell lines to CSC and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors. Citation Format: Mia Ray, Isaiah Osei-Gyening, Kwabena Acheampong, Marisa Riebesell, Khadijah A. Mitchell. Predicting drug treatment response in African American lung cancer patients who smoke [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4830.
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Hamdy Abdellatif Mohammed, R., H. Lotfy Fayed, and N. Emara. "AB0297 MORTALITY AND DISEASE RELATED COMORBIDITIES IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: DATA FROM AN EGYPTIAN COHORT WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS- PHASE I." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 1175.1–1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.149.
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Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder with considerably high mortality.Objectives:To investigate the survival rates 5, 10, 15 and 20 years and the impact of disease related morbidity and mortality among Egyptians patients afflicted by SLE.Methods:This is a single center observational study performed in one of the leading medical school governmental hospital for teaching and training in the north African region and middle east sectors Kasr Alainy School of Medicine- Cairo University. Medical records of adult SLE patients ≥ 16 years (classified according to ACR 1997 SLE classification criteria set forth by Hochberg, 1997) who received longitudinal clinical care during the time period from 1999 to 2019 were included. Data analysis: causes of mortality, damage score and survival were determined from the time of SLE diagnosis to the last contact or date of death.Results:Records of two hundred and two SLE patients were included, 91.1% were females and 8.9% patients were males (ratio is 10:1). The mean age at diagnosis 26.71 ± 7.93 years with a mean follow up between mean: 6.6 ± 4.58 years, 34.15% had damage in at least one of the organ systems by SLICC/ACR-DI in the first 6 months. Considering an outcome label of dead or alive at the end of follow up period, results showed a total of 52 mortalities, 88.5% were females, the mean age at death onset was 30.9±8.8 years. Results identified the following death causalities in the studied SLE patients in order of frequency: Septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation in 11.5 %, acute respiratory distress syndrome ARDS in 11.5 %, congestive heart failure in 9.6%, thrombotic microangiopathy 5.7%, cerebritis, acute renal failure 5.7%, intracranial hemorrhage 5.7%, hypertensive encephalopathy in 5.7%. Alveolar hemorrhage, infection, intraoperative deaths each contributed to deaths in 3.8%. Hypovolemic shock, acute liver failure, brain edema, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, end stage kidney disease, pulmonary renal syndrome, suicide and acute hydrocephalus contributed to fatalities in 1.9%. The cause of death was unclearly identified in 26.9%. Results of the Kaplan Meier survival curve in the studied SLE cohort showed an overall cumulative probability of survival at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years after SLE diagnosis was 82.9%, 68.8%,51.4% and 20.4%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis revealed psychosis, chronic kidney disease and heart failure were independent predictors of survival (HR= 4.3 times, 3.58 times and 3 times respectively, p < 0.001), while the use of hydroxychloroquine and AZA showed a protective effect.Figure 1.Kaplan-Meier estimated survival function, starting at date of SLE diagnosis.Conclusion:The cumulative probability of survival at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years after SLE diagnosis was 82.9%, 68.8%,51.4% and 20.4%, respectively. The presence of renal manifestations, neuropsychiatric lupus and heart failure were independent predictors of poor survival in our cohort. The use of hydroxychloroquine and AZA were protective.Corresponding author: Reem Hamdy Abdellatif Mohammed (Reem H A Mohammed), e-mail: rmhamdy@yahoo.com,. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4994-7687, Scopus Author ID: 35280107100.References:[1]Hochberg MC. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1997 Sep;40(9):1725. doi: 10.1002/art.1780400928. PMID: 9324032.[2]Kasitanon N, Magder LS, Petri M. Predictors of survival in systemic lupus erythematosus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2006;85:147–56.[3]Gladman D, Ginzler E, Goldsmith C, et al. The development and initial validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index for systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1996;39:363–9.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Pope, C. E., M. C. Gómez, A. Cole, C. Dumas, and B. L. Dresser. "229 OOCYTE RECOVERY, IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND EMBRYO TRANSFER IN THE SERVAL (LEPTAILURUS SERVAL)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab229.
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Servals are medium size (9 to 18 kg) spotted cats found in sub-Saharan Africa that are protected by CITES under Appendix II regulations. There are at least six sub-species, one of which is listed as Endangered by the U.S. Endangered Species Act. In vitro-derived embryos have been produced in at least one-half of the 36 species of nondomestic cats, and kittens have been born after embryo transfer in six species. In the present study we evaluated (1) ovarian response of servals to repeated exogenous gonadotropin stimulation, and (2) in vitro and in vivo developmental ability of in vitro-derived embryos. One two-year-old and one five-year-old female were treated six and three times, respectively, over a 3.5-year period, with a total of 20 or 25 IU of porcine FSH (i.m.; Sioux Biochem, Sioux City, IA, USA) administered daily over four days during interestrus. On Day 5, 15 IU of porcine LH (i.m.; Sioux Biochem) was given, and laparoscopic oocyte retrieval was performed 24 h later. A total of 234 preovulatory oocytes were recovered: 182 (mean = 30.3) from the two-year-old and 52 (mean = 17.3) from the five-year-old female. A total of 91 and 91 oocytes were recovered at retrievals 1 through 3 and 4 through 6, respectively, from the two-year-old donor. Eighty oocytes from the two-year-old donor were inseminated with cooled (24 h, 4°C) semen. Frozen semen from the same male was used to inseminate 102 oocytes from the two-year-old female and 52 oocytes from the five-year-old female. Overall, 136 embryos (58% cleavage frequency) were produced: 119 (65% cleavage frequency) from the two-year-old and 17 (33% cleavage frequency) from the five-year-old female. Cleavage frequency of oocytes from the two-year-old female inseminated with cooled or frozen semen was similar, 68% (54/80) and 64% (65/102), respectively. Embryos were cultured for 5 or 6 days before controlled rate cryopreservation or uterine transfer (Gómez et al. 2003 Theriogenology 60, 239–251). On Day 5, 66 early to mid-stage morulae were cryopreserved at a slow controlled rate. Sixty Day 5 and 18 Day 6 embryos were auto-transferred to a recipient (8 to 26/transfer) in a total of six surgical procedures, of which five were with fresh embryos (n = 70) and one was with cryopreserved embryos (n = 8). The sixth embryo transfer procedure (26 fresh embryos) resulted in the unassisted birth of a live male kitten on Day 77 of gestation. We have shown that in vitro-derived embryos can be generated in the serval and that oocyte retrieval rates and cleavage frequencies are comparable to those reported for other species of mid-sized nondomestic cats. The nominal incidence of pregnancy and frequency of embryo survival may be improved by transferring early cleavage staged embryos into the oviduct, as demonstrated in the African wildcat (Felis silvestris lybica; Gómez et al. 2004 Cloning and Stem Cells 6, 247–258). This work was partially funded by the Dan Heard Conservation Challenge Grant.
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Woets, Rhoda. "THE RECREATION OF MODERN AND AFRICAN ART AT ACHIMOTA SCHOOL IN THE GOLD COAST (1927–52)." Journal of African History 55, no. 3 (September 22, 2014): 445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853714000590.
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AbstractThe formative influence of colonial art education on modern art movements in Africa has not attracted a great deal of scholarly attention. Yet, European art teachers in the Gold Coast challenged colonial prejudice that Africans were incapable of mastering European aesthetic forms. This article analyses the art education provided at the Teacher Training College at Achimota School where pupils learned both to revalue African art forms and to draw and paint in European, representational art styles. Modern artists built on and reshaped what they had learned at Achimota in order to respond to changing social and political conditions. The last section of this article explores the impact of colonial art education on the work of two of the earliest modern artists in Ghana: Kofi Antubam and Vincent Kofi.
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Kulkarni, Abhigna, Rithikaa Ellangovan, Nithya Ramesh, and Edward Ruby. "ODP106 Mystery of the Calcium: A Case of Exclusive Cutaneous Sarcoidosis presenting with Symptomatic Hypercalcemia." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.349.
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Abstract The skin is the second most involved organ after the lung in sarcoidosis. It could be an early manifestation that may progress to systemic disease later. Exclusive cutaneous disease is more frequently seen in females. Specific lesions include erythema nodosum, skin plaques, subcutaneous nodules, maculopapular rashes, lupus pernio, scar lesions, and psoriasiform lesions. Most with cutaneous sarcoidosis need no treatment unless there is associated cosmetic disfigurement. We present a unique case of cutaneous sarcoidosis presenting with symptomatic hypercalcemia without systemic disease. A 75-year-old African American female was admitted with generalized weakness. She had no other symptoms. On arrival, she was bradycardic with other normal vitals. Physical examination was normal. EKG showed sinus bradycardia with RBBB. She was found to have AKI with creatinine of 4.3 mg/dL (0.6-1.3 mg/dL) and a corrected calcium of 12.2 mg/dL (8.6-10.2 mg/dL). TSH was 4.64 uIU/mL (0.35-5.50 uIU/mL). Chest X-ray showed no abnormalities. Renal ultrasound revealed bilateral medical renal disease, with several non-obstructing calculi in the right kidney. The patient was managed with intravenous fluids. Her creatinine improved to 3.1 mg/dL; however, the calcium remained elevated at 11.8 mg/dL. PTH was 31 pg/mL (12-88 pg/mL) and urine 24-hr calcium was elevated at 470 mg (35-250 mg). 25-OH vitamin D level was 40 ng/mL (30-100 ng/mL). With no response to intravenous hydration, IV bisphosphonates were initiated. Despite that, her calcium remained at 11.9 mg/dL. On obtaining a more detailed history, it was revealed that a skin punch biopsy performed six years prior showed sarcoid granulomatous dermatitis. The 1, 25 dihydroxy vitamin D was 93 pg/mL (20-79 pg/mL). The ACE level was high at 64 U/L (8-52 U/L). CT chest showed no evidence of granulomatous disease, including the absence of hilar adenopathy. The patient was started on prednisone 20 mg/day. Her calcium trended down to 10.7 mg/dL over the next three days. Although cutaneous sarcoidosis may not be life-threatening, it may have substantial psychological and social impacts. Hypercalcemia is a high prevailing complication of systemic sarcoidosis. It occurs due to the uncontrolled synthesis of 1,25-OH D3 by macrophages in the sarcoid granulomata. As a result, there is increased calcium absorption in the intestine and calcium resorption in the bone. Glucocorticosteroids act by inhibiting the 1alpha-hydroxylase activity of macrophages. Prednisone 20 to 40 mg/day followed by a taper is the recommended dose. Other medications that may be used include antimalarials, thalidomide, methotrexate, and other immunomodulatory agents. Hypercalcemia in a patient with cutaneous sarcoidosis and no pulmonary involvement is a rare presentation. It is essential to recognize that long-term follow-up is advised for those with cutaneous sarcoidosis, as some may develop systemic involvement subsequently. Presentation: No date and time listed
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Shanmugam, Sridevi, Praveen Kumar, and Blaga Carr. "Acute mania with psychotic symptom in post COVID-19 patient." BJPsych Open 7, S1 (June 2021): S50—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.182.
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AimsCOVID-19 is an on-going pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may be associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms, including mania. We present a case of a middle aged man presenting with acute mania with psychotic symptoms 20 days post COVID infection in the absence of prior psychiatric illness. This report highlights the need for rigorous neuropsychiatric assessment in patient with symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodA 52-year-old man of West African origin with past history of hypertension and no previous history of mental health illness presented with acute manic symptoms on background of two weeks of high fever, diarrhoea, mild headache, dry cough and anosmia. He was tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection on COVID PCR test. He was under self-isolation along with his family members who exhibited mild symptoms of SARS-CoV-2, none of them required hospital admission. He was initially fearful to seek medical attention but was brought in by family after exhibiting behaviour changes, obsession with toilet cleaning, reckless spending and getting aggressive approximately two weeks after the onset of acute upper respiratory symptoms. He presented elated in mood with pressure of speech and grandiose ideas. Investigations like neuroimaging and bloods were unremarkable. Initial psychiatric assessment found symptoms consistent with acute mania and he was detained under the Mental Health Act. During admission, he was sexually disinhibited and agitated on the ward requiring IM antipsychotics. He was treated with high dose of Olanzapine and Sodium valproate and his symptoms subsided within two weeks.ResultThis case emphasises the manifestation of neuropsychiatric illness post COVID-19 without a background of psychiatric illness, hypoxemia and cerebral infarction.Based on the CORONERVE Programme and latest retrospective Lancet cohort studies, the period between 14 and 90 days after diagnosis, 5.8% COVID-19 survivors had their first recorded diagnosis of psychiatric illness.It is also important to consider other organic disease given the simultaneous diagnosis of COVID-19. Although it is not yet possible to confirm here due to the lack of a validated CSF-PCR assay, previous reports have implicated SARS-CoV-2 in the development of viral encephalitis, and this remains an important differential.ConclusionClinicians should be alert to the possibility of patients with COVID-19 developing neuropsychiatric complications post SARS-CoV-2 infection, mandating the need for vigilant initial neuropsychiatric assessment and possibly follow-up care in 3 months.
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Painschab, Matthew, Kate Westmoreland, Edwards Kasonkanji, Takondwa Zuze, Bongani Kaimila, Tamiwe Tomoka, Maurice Mulenga, Nathan D. Montgomery, Yuri Fedoriw, and Satish Gopal. "Burkitt Lymphoma in Adolescents and Adults in Malawi: A Prospective Cohort Study." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-114915.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is the most common pediatric cancer in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), and also occurs frequently in adolescents and adults, often associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). BL is highly curable in high-income countries, but outcomes are worse for children in SSA due to advanced disease and inability to achieve cytotoxic intensity comparable to high-income countries. Moreover, unlike pediatric BL, there are few high-quality prospective studies describing non-pediatric BL in SSA. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled patients with newly diagnosed BL from 2013 to 2018 in Malawi, a low-income country in SSA, and restricted analyses to patients aged ≥15 years. Diagnoses were confirmed using local performed immunohistochemistry, real-time telepathology, and subsequent secondary review in the United States. Participants received standardized treatment according to local pediatric or adult standards of care, with concurrent antiretroviral therapy (ART) if HIV+. RESULTS: 36 patients ≥15 years with BL were enrolled, with median age 21 years (range 15-61), and 44% being HIV+. Five (14%) participants were over 40 years of age. At diagnosis, 23 (64%) participants presented with abdominal disease, 5 (14%) had CNS disease, and 5/23 (22%) had bone marrow involvement. 25 (69%) participants had B symptoms, 27 (75%) had stage 3/4 disease, and 19 (56%) had ECOG performance status >1. Among 16 HIV+ participants, 9 (56%) were aware of their HIV diagnosis for a median of 1.4 years (range 0.4-9.4) prior to BL diagnosis, and 8 (50%) were on ART for a median of 1.1 years (range 0.4-2.6). Among all HIV+ BL patients, median CD4 count was 134 (range 29-2235), and 8 (50%) had HIV VL <400 copies/mL. Four patients (11%) died before chemotherapy initiation. First-line chemotherapy consisted of bolus anthracycline-based chemotherapy (CHOP) in 25 (78%), infusional anthracycline-based chemotherapy (EPOCH) in four (12%), and high-dose methotrexate-based chemotherapy (COPADM) in two (6%). Only one participant received rituximab with CHOP as part of a clinical trial, since rituximab is not otherwise routinely available in Malawi. Participants received a median of 4 cycles of first-line chemotherapy (range 1-8). 14/29 (48%) evaluable participants achieved a complete response, 7 (24%) had a partial response and 8 (28%) were refractory. Median overall survival (OS) was 7 months and one-year OS was 36% (95% CI 20-52%). In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, death was associated with stage 3/4 disease (HR 6.3 [95% CI 1.4-27.2]; p=0.01) and ECOG performance status >1 (HR 7.4 [95% CI 1.5-35.1]; p=0.01) with a trend toward worse survival in HIV+ participants (HR 5.9 [95% CI 0.9-39.4]; p=0.07). There were no clear differences in outcome observed based on choice of first-line chemotherapy. Of 23 deaths during the follow-up period, six (26%) were classified as treatment-related. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the best characterized prospective cohorts of non-pediatric BL in SSA, which occurred primarily among adolescents and young adults. Outcomes were worse than pediatric cohorts from the region, with most deaths due to progressive BL. This study highlights the need to develop effective treatments for non-pediatric BL with and without HIV in resource-limited settings, where high-intensity strategies from high-income countries may have limited applicability. Disclosures Fedoriw: ALEXION PHARMACEUTICALS: Consultancy, Honoraria.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "20.52 African art"
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John, Helen Catherine. "Bodies, spirits, and the living landscape : interpreting the Bible in Owamboland, Namibia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21589.
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This study explores the relationship between Christianity and autochthonous (indigenous, pre-Christian) worldviews and practices amongst the Aandonga of Owamboland, Northern Namibia. Using participant contributions from a series of Contextual Bible Study (CBS) sessions (with groups of men, women, and children), and supplemented by ethnographic contextualisation, it challenges the oft-contended notion that Christian worldviews and practices have erased the significance of African Traditional Religion for Ndonga (or wider Owambo) communities. The enduring significance of autochthonous worldviews and practices is explored using responses to six biblical texts, each of which relates to at least one of three themes: bodies, spirits, and landscapes. The study examines feasting bodies (The Parable of the Wedding Banquet), bleeding bodies (The Haemorrhaging Woman), and possessed bodies (Legion). It considers possession spirits (Legion), natural spirits (the so-called ‘Nature Miracles’), and ancestor spirits (Resurrection appearances). Perspectives on landscapes are highlighted particularly in relation to aspects of the natural environment (the ‘Nature Miracles’) and the locations explored by an itinerant demoniac (Legion). Responses to the texts engender, inter alia, discussions of contemporary perspectives on diviner-healers (oonganga), witchcraft (uulodhi), the homestead (egumbo), burial grounds (omayendo, oompampa), spirits (iiluli, oompwidhuli), ancestors (aathithi), material agency (for example, apotropaic amulets), and the ‘traditional’ wedding (ohango). Having analysed the ways in which autochthonous worldviews informed participants’ interpretations of the particular texts considered (Matthew 22:1-14 & Luke 14:7-11; Mark 5:21-43; Luke 8:26-39; Mark 4:35-41 & 6:45-52; Luke 24), each set of interpretations is brought into conversation with professional biblical scholarship. The study therefore highlights the ways in which these grassroots, ‘contextual’ interpretations might nuance New Testament interpretations returned by the Academy, particularly by highlighting the highly contextual nature of the latter.
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Vohradníková, Karolína. "Sbírka vietnamské grafiky 20. století z Náprstkova muzea." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-339683.
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Vietnam went through diverse historical development that contributed to the diversity of today's culture and specific craft industry. Vietnamese culture was mostly influenced by China, where we can probably find the origin of folk prints production. Two famous folk prints production workshops gradually developed in northern Vietnam, but many other smaller centers can be found throughout Vietnam. The diversity of folk motives illustrates the richness of traditional vietnamese folk culture. Vietnamese collection from Náprstek Museum started without any approach of systematic collecting, mainly from purchases or gifts of travelers or professionals who reside or traveled to Vietnam for work or research purposes. Within approximately past fifty years collection of vietnamese folk prints has become the most comprehensive part of asian collections from Náprstek Museum.
Books on the topic "20.52 African art"
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Christiane, Falgayrettes-Leveau, ed. Animal: [exposition, Paris, Musée Dapper, 11 octobre 2007-20 juillet 2008]. Paris: Musée Dapper, 2007.
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Association Migrations Culturelles Aquitaine Afriques. Aquitaine Afriques contact zones: MC2a, 20 années de migrations culturelles. Nürnberg: Verlag für moderne Kunst, 2012.
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Wilhelem, Raymonde. Le guidargus de l'art primitif: 1965-1985, 20 ans d'art primitif en ventes publiques. Paris: Editions de l'amateur, 1985.
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Corrigall & Co. 2019 contemporary African art ecology: The top 50 artists & the top 20 curators who validated them. Cape Town: Corrigall & Co., 2019.
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gallery), Goya Contemporary (Art, ed. Jo Smail: Leaning over the edge of the moon, November 20, 2014-January 28, 2015. Baltimore, Maryland: Goya Contemporary, 2014.
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Prager, Heinz-Günter. Von der Ökonomie zur Aura: Die Bedeutung der afrikanischen Skulptur für die Skulptur des 20. Jahrhunderts. Bonn: Kunstmuseum, 2004.
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Helen, Shannon, and Studio Museum in Harlem, eds. The Hale Woodruff memorial exhibition: Curators' choice : The Studio Museum in Harlem July 20- December 31, 1994. New York, NY: Studio Museum in Harlem, 1994.
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Pusa, Erja. Peekaboo: Current South Africa : 20 August, 2010-16 January 2011 : Helsinki Art Museum, Tennis Palace. Edited by Taidemuseo Tennispalatsi. Helsinki]: Helsinki Art Museum, 2010.
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Gallery, Michael Rosenfeld, and Long Beach Museum of Art, eds. Exultations--African-American art, 20th century masterworks, II: Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, New York, NY, February 1-April 8, 1995; Long Beach Museum of Art, Long Beach, CA, June 2-August 20, 1995. New York: The Gallery, 1995.
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Hrsg.: G orner, Veit, ed. Isaac Julien: true north, fantome afrique. Ausstellung, Kestnergesellschaft, Hannover, 23. Juni - 20. August 2006. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2006.
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Fidler, Sarah, Timothy E. A. Peto, Philip Goulder, and Christopher P. Conlon. "HIV/AIDS." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon, 901–33. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0098_update_001.
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Since its discovery in 1983, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with a global pandemic that has affected more than 80 million people and caused more than 37 million deaths. Globally, 37.7 million (30.2–45.1 million) people were living with HIV at the end of 2020. New HIV infections globally have reduced by 52% since the peak in 1997. In 2020, around 1.5 million people were newly infected with HIV. An estimated 0.8% of adults aged 15–49 years worldwide are living with HIV, although the burden of the epidemic continues to vary considerably between countries and regions. Sub-Saharan Africa remains most severely affected, with nearly 1 in every 20 adults living with HIV and accounting for nearly 71% of the people living with HIV worldwide. The impact of HIV in some African countries has been sufficient to reverse population growth and reduce life expectancy into the mid-30s, although HIV incidence has declined in some of these high-prevalence countries. However, there are large-scale HIV epidemics elsewhere (e.g. India, the Russian Federation, and Eastern Europe). AIDS-related deaths have been reduced by 64% from the peak in 2004 through global access to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Global access to ART has improved dramatically; in 2020, 84% of people living with HIV knew their status, and amongst those people who knew their status, 87% were accessing ART, with 66% on successful therapy with a suppressed HIV viral load.
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"Art Blakey’s African Diaspora." In African Diaspora, 333–56. Routledge, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203493052-20.
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"Cats. 52–67." In Speaking of Objects: African Art at the Art Institute of Chicago. Art Institute of Chicago, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00321.10.
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Aristodemou, Georgia. "Local cultures narrated in art:." In The Greeks and Romans in the Black Sea and the Importance of the Pontic Region for the Graeco-Roman World (7th century BC-5th century AD): 20 Years On (1997-2017), 342–51. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1pdrqhw.52.
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Zorach, Rebecca. "African American Artists and the Community Mural Movement." In The Routledge Companion to African American Art History, 221–29. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351045193-20.
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Keller, Morton, and Phyllis Keller. "A Plurality of Minorities." In Making Harvard Modern. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195144574.003.0018.
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The triumph of meritocracy at Harvard had social as well as academic and intellectual consequences. It changed the ethnocultural and class structures of both the faculty and the student body. Jews in particular became a substantial, accepted part of the Harvard scene. And in more complex and ambivalent ways, Catholics, women, and African Americans gained in numbers, impact, and visibility. After World War II, meritocratic principles substantially overrode anti- Semitism in the admission of students and the appointment and promotion of faculty. An inquiry into the religious identification of Harvard College students in the mid-1950s revealed that 52 percent identified themselves as Protestants (about 15 percent of these Episcopalian), 12 percent as Catholics, 15 percent as Jews; 20 percent claimed no religious affiliation. Residual discrimination against Jewish applicants arguably lurked within an admissions policy that sought a Harvard class as diverse as possible in geographical origin, social background, and nonacademic talents. But the 1956 admission rate to Harvard from strongly Jewish feeder schools was (with the glaring exceptions of New York City’s Stuyvesant and Erasmus high schools) not too far below the overall Harvard acceptance rate of 43.3 percent of applicants. (Though it may be assumed that the academic record of these candidates was well above the norm.) After World War II, anti-Catholicism like anti-Semitism retreated to the margins of respectability. The religiously inclined Pusey had an ecumenical sympathy for Catholics, substantially reciprocated. And Catholics themselves became more ready to send their sons to Harvard. JFK’s election to the presidency in particular gave the University a cachet among them that all but obliterated the suspicion-ridden past. Catholic undergraduates, substantially greater in numbers than in the prewar years, felt more at home by the 1950s. In 1960 a Catholic Student Center opened adjacent to the campus, with Cardinal Cushing’s encouragement and assistance. The Current, a Catholic student magazine, concluded in the spring of 1963: “we are convinced that Catholics belong at Harvard.”
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"52 The Prison House of Culture: Why African Art? Why the Guggenheim? Why Now?" In Dark Designs and Visual Culture, 460–73. Duke University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780822386353-054.
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"Schwarzweiß- und Farbfernhören Klang und Semantik bei Maurico Kagel und in der African Art Music." In Klang und Semantik in der Musik des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts, 187–212. transcript-Verlag, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839435229-010.
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Klein, Tobias Robert. "Schwarzweiß- und Farbfernhören Klang und Semantik bei Maurico Kagel und in der African Art Music." In Klang und Semantik in der Musik des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts, 187–212. transcript Verlag, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783839435229-010.
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Kefi, Meriem. "Black Women in Resistance: a study of two writers of the Harlem Renaissance." In COMbART:Arte, artivismo e cidadania. Utopias e futuros imaginados, 136–47. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Letras, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-9082-54-0/comba8.
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Art and literature are often described as weapons in the fight for Civil Rights as well as social equality. In a context of racial and gender discrimination, African-American artists have combined creativity with activism and fought for their talent and humanity to be recognized. As a result, a great number of novels, poems or autobiographies aimed to represent the history of the dispersed Blacks of Africa all over the New World. The creation of an authentic black voice and the establishment of a proper literature represent a huge step in African-American history. Indeed, with the increase in AfricanAmerican art production, a new literary tradition that illustrated the way out of slavery was born: The Black literary tradition. Although Black literature had existed since the 18 th century, the beginning of the 20 th century was the most fruitful in terms of black art production.
Conference papers on the topic "20.52 African art"
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Lewis, J. C., M. J. Greene, R. G. Taylor, and R. R. Hantgan. "THROMBASTHENIC-LIKE DEFECT IN PLATELETS OF THE AFRICAN GREEN MONKEY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644557.
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African green monkeys, an animal model widely used in cardiovascular research, have platelets which ultrastructurally and functionally are similar to man. Through clinical screening of animals in a controlled breeding colony a congenital defect has been identified in platelets from an adolescent AG monkey, AJ403. The defect was characterized as abortive primary aggregation with ADP in the range 1.25-20.0 μM and PAF at concentrations to 5 × 10-6 M. Ultrastructurally, platelets within the aggregates had pseudopods, centralized granules and evidence of degranulation. Granule content release was verified using the luciferin-luciferase reaction in the Lumi-aggregometer. Platelet-platelet binding and close apposition, typically found with full primary and secondary aggregation, were not observed. Using a standardized in vitro assay at 37°C for 15-45 minutes, adhesion to formvar coated srufaces with AJ403 was 10-20% of control. Adherent cells had few pseudopods, minimal elaboration of the hyalomere, and limited cytoskeletal polymerization. Since the aggregation and adhesion patterns paralleled those described for Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, fibrinogen binding was quantitated using 125I fibrinogen and was ultrastructurally evaluated using fibrinogen-gold conjugates. Following ADP stimulation in the presence of fibrinogen at 0.08, 0.16 and 0.24 mg/ml, normal platelets respectively bound 64, 81 and 106 × 103 molecules fibrinogen/cell whereas platelets from AJ403 bound 28, 43 and 52 × 103 molecules/cell. This correlated with the number of gold/fibrinogen conjugates bound to the platelet surface which with AJ403 were less than 40% of control. Our observations suggest a parallel of AJ403 with Type II Thrombasthenia in man.
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Rodil, Kasper, Martin Kamp Larsen, Mikkel Laursen, Tobias Frost Andersen, Weronika Korbutt, and Heike Winschiers-Theophilus. "A Demonstration of an interactive Virtual Reality Prototype for Exploring the Cultural Heritage of Southern African Rock Art." In MobileHCI '20: 22nd International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3406324.3410536.
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Inuwa, Haruna Muhd, and Abdullahi Usman. "An Assessment of the Level of Awareness and Knowledge Towards the Dangers of Climate Change and Energy Transition: Northern Nigeria as a Case Study." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217182-ms.
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Abstract Access to energy is a pressing issue in both developed and developing countries. To achieve socio-economic development, countries worldwide, including those in Africa, must carefully plan their energy transitions, considering the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches and learning from past experiences. In Nigeria, over 80% of the population in underdeveloped areas lacks access to energy, with cooking being the primary energy-consuming activity. As the oil-producing powerhouse of Africa, Nigeria is increasingly becoming a significant emitter of greenhouse gases, and without intervention, emissions are projected to rise dramatically by 2040. This study focuses on the status of energy transition and climate change awareness in the northern part of Nigeria. A research questionnaire was designed to gather responses related to our research questions, following a comprehensive literature review. The collected responses were analyzed to generate structured results. The findings indicate that the majority of participants (51%) fall within the 20-30 age bracket. Notably, 52% of respondents rely on firewood as their primary energy source, while gas usage (24%) is also relatively high but considerably lower than firewood. Encouragingly, our study reveals that 51.4% of respondents expressed a preference for switching from firewood to electric cookers as their home energy source, despite the significant investment required for power infrastructure and policy support. Overall, the results of this study contribute to addressing awareness gaps, framing communication strategies, and promoting public engagement in the campaign against climate change risks and the adoption of safer energy transitions.
Reports on the topic "20.52 African art"
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. Мова війни і «контрнаступальна» лексика у стислих медійних текстах. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11742.
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The article examines the language of the russian-ukrainian war of the 21st century based on the materials of compressed media texts; the role of political narratives and psychological-emotional markers in the creation of new lexemes is clarified; the verbal expression of forecasts of ukrainian and foreign analysts regarding the course of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine is shown. Compressed media texts reflect the main meanings of the language of the russian-ukrainian war in relation to the surrounding world. First of all, the media vocabulary was supplemented with neologisms – aggressive and sad: “rashism”, “denazification”, “katsapstan”, “orks”, “rusnia”, “kremlins”, “parebrik”, “in the swamps”, “nuclear dictator”, “putinism”, “two hundred” and others. Numerals acquired new expressive and evaluative meanings: “200s” (dead), “300s” (wounded), “400s” (russian military personnel who filed reports for termination of the contract), “500s” (hopelessly drunk russian soldiers, alcoholics who are unable to perform combat tasks). The language of war intensified the slogans of the struggle for state independence and people’s freedom. The scope of the greeting “Glory to Ukraine! – Glory to Heroes!”. New official holidays have appeared in the history of Ukraine since 2014: “Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred” Day (February 20), “Ukrainian Volunteer Day” (March 14), “Defenders and Defenders of Ukraine Day” (October 14), “Volunteer Day” (5 December). As you know, the professional holiday of the military is the Day of the Armed Forces of Ukraine” (December 6). A special style is characteristic of media texts on military topics: “Iron Force of Ukraine” (Iron Force of Ukraine), “digitize the Army” (for effective simulation of military operations); “grain corridor” (export of Ukrainian grain to African and European countries); “don’t let Ukraine lose” (the position of the Allies at the first stage of the war), “Ukraine must win!” (the position of the Allies in the second stage of the war); “in the Russian-Ukrainian war, the thinking of the 19th century collided with the thinking of the 21st century”, “a politician is a person who understands time” (Grigori Yavlinskyy, Russian oppositionist); “aggressive neutrality” (about Turkey’s position); “in Russia”, “there, in the swamps” (in Russia), “weak, inadequate evil” (about Russia), “behind the fence”; “a great reset of the world order”; “technology of military creativity”; “they are not Russian and not Ukrainian, they are Soviet”, “people without mentality”, “in Ukraine and without Ukraine” (Vitaly Portnikov about a separate category of Russian-speaking citizens in Ukraine); “information bed of Ukraine” (about combat operations on the front line; “when a descendant asks me what I did in those terrifying moments, I will know what to answer. At the very least, I did not stand aside” (opinion of a Ukrainian fighter). Compressed in media texts is implemented in the headline, note, infographic, chronicle, digest, help, caption for photos, blitz poll, interview, short articles, caricature, visual text, commercial, etc. Researchers add “nominative-representative text (business card text, titles of sections, pages, names of presenters, etc.) to concise media texts for a functional and pragmatic purpose.” accent text (quote, key idea); text-navigator (content, news feed, indication of movement or time); chronotope”. A specific linguistic phenomenon known as “language compression” is widespread in media texts. Language compression is the art of minimization; attention is focused on the main, the most essential, everything secondary is filtered out. Compression uses words succinctly and sparingly to convey the meaning as much as possible. For example, the headline “Racism. What is the essence of the new ideology of the Russian occupiers?”. The note briefly explains the meaning of this concept and explains the difference from “nazism” and “fascism”. Key words: compressed media text, language compression, language of war, emotional markers, expressive neologisms, political journalism.