Relevant bibliographies by topics / 20-20-20 initiative

Academic literature on the topic '20-20-20 initiative'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "20-20-20 initiative"

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Kaplan, David M., and Kurt L. Kraus. "Building Blocks to Portability: Culmination of the 20/20 Initiative." Journal of Counseling & Development 96, no. 2 (March 25, 2018): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12195.

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Outterson, Kevin, John H. Powers, Ian M. Gould, and Aaron S. Kesselheim. "Questions about the 10 × ‘20 Initiative." Clinical Infectious Diseases 51, no. 6 (September 15, 2010): 751–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/655955.

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Starrs, Ann M. "Safe motherhood initiative: 20 years and counting." Lancet 368, no. 9542 (September 2006): 1130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69385-9.

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Emerich, Dwaine F., and Alfred Vasconcellos. "Cellular transplants, 20 years later: the pharma initiative." Regenerative Medicine 4, no. 4 (July 2009): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme.09.24.

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Saadeh, Randa Jarudi. "The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative 20 Years On." Journal of Human Lactation 28, no. 3 (June 20, 2012): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334412446690.

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Carr, Bruce. "Women's Health Initiative: Lessons Learned 20 Plus Years After." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 32, no. 06 (October 16, 2014): 415–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1384686.

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Heath, Robert, and Evrim Bese Goksu. "G-20 Data Gaps Initiative II: Meeting the Policy Challenge." IMF Working Papers 16, no. 43 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513530246.001.

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Jurkus, Anthony F. "Requiem for a lightweight: The Northrop f-20 strategic initiative." Strategic Management Journal 11, no. 1 (January 1990): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250110105.

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Talbot, George H., Amanda Jezek, Barbara E. Murray, Ronald N. Jones, Richard H. Ebright, Gerard J. Nau, Keith A. Rodvold, Jason G. Newland, and Helen W. Boucher. "The Infectious Diseases Society of America’s 10 × ’20 Initiative (10 New Systemic Antibacterial Agents US Food and Drug Administration Approved by 2020): Is 20 × ’20 a Possibility?" Clinical Infectious Diseases 69, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz089.

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Corrêa, Rosany, and Henrique César Melo Ribeiro. "Evolução do Relatório de Sustentabilidade Global Reporting Initiative – GRI: 20 anos de aplicação ## Evolution of the Global Reporting Initiative - GRI Sustainability Report: 20 years of application." Amazônia, Organizações e Sustentabilidade 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.17648/aos.v9i2.1292.

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ResumoO estudo verificou através do Report List GRI desde sua publicação em 1999 até 2018, o nível de evolução destes relatórios de sustentabilidade da Global Reporting Initiative nas empresas do Brasil e do mundo. A GRI tem suas bases de relatórios na quarta geração do modelo, GRI-G4, o que mostra um empenho na melhoria contínua dos indicadores e sua adoção por diferentes países. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e uso de dados secundários. A pesquisa mostrou que houve evolução na aplicação dos relatórios. Confirmando a consolidação e a legitimação da metodologia da GRI de divulgação de relatórios de sustentabilidade. As Diretrizes da GRI G4 representam um código de conduta e um padrão de desempenho, vistos com materialidade, evidenciado nas 3235 empresas que usam esse nível no mundo, dos quais 6% são empresas brasileiras, propiciando assim maior credibilidade das informações socioambientais aos seus stakeholders. AbstractThe objective of the article is to verify the level of adoption and evolution of sustainability reports of the Global Reporting Initiative - GRI in companies. GRI has its reporting bases in the fourth generation of the GRI-G4 model, which shows a commitment to the continuous improvement of indicators and their adoption by different countries. The methodology used was qualitative, through a bibliographical survey and secondary data. As a tool for analysis, the GRI Report List was adopted since its publication in 1999 until 2018. The analysis showed a significant evolution in the adoption of the GRI model by companies in the three levels, world, Brazil and Corporate Sustainability Index. The survey results show the ongoing evolution of the reports, in search of the most improved level of sustainability report, and with significant adoption in Brazil, which legitimizes the Global Reporting Initiative's sustainability reporting model.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "20-20-20 initiative"

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Bibby, Ray Russ. "Assessment of the potential contribution of the Coega industrial development initiative to the Eastern Cape Economy." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20.

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The research problem addressed in this study was to analyse and report on the development of the Coega Industrial Development Zone as an infrastructure for renewed entrepreneurial activity and profitable management of existing firms in the Eastern Cape. To achieve this objective, a literature study was undertaken to assess the potential benefits achieved at similar industrial development zones around the world and what could be learnt from these developments which will make the Coega Industrial Development Zone workable. The Empirical results obtained, indicate that most local companies are confident that the Coega industrial Development Zone will be beneficial to the region. In conclusion, various recommendations have been made with regard to the findings ascertained in the Empirical Study.
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Maase, Kaspar. "Kinderkino zwischen Kontrolle, Kommerz und Krawall: Anmerkungen zu einer Hamburger Initiative aus dem frühen 20. Jahrhundert." Institut für Sächsische Geschichte und Volkskunde, 2020. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74354.

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Laursen, Krista K. "Leadership Strategies and Initiatives for Combating Medicaid Fraud and Abuse." ScholarWorks, 2013. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dilley/20.

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An estimated 3-10% of the $2 trillion spent annually on health care in the United States is lost to fraud. Improper payments undermine the integrity and financial sustainability of the Medicaid program and affect the ability of federal and state governments to provide health care services for individuals and families living at or below the poverty level. This study explored how health care leaders in the state of Arizona described factors contributing to the invisible nature of Medicaid fraud and abuse and necessary strategies for counteracting the business opportunities of Medicaid fraud and abuse. The institutional choice analytic framework grounded the study. Data were gathered from the review of documents and information received from 10 interviews with health care leaders responsible for the administration, delivery, and regulation of Medicaid services in Arizona. Collected data were coded to identify underlying themes. Key themes that emerged from the study included the need for health care leaders to use modern technologies to combat Medicaid fraud and abuse and concentrate and strengthen Medicaid fraud and abuse mitigation efforts at the state level. Study data might contribute to social change by identifying Medicaid fraud and abuse mitigation strategies that will protect the financial and structural integrity of the Medicaid program, ensuring Americans living at or below the poverty level have access to quality health care services.
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Blosser, Wayne D. "Colchicine and paclitaxel initiate apoptosis in IAR 20 rat hepatocytes through SAPK/JNK and caspase-3 activation via time dependent and p53 independent mechanisms." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1248307.

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Colchicine and paclitaxel are two common drugs used in chemotherapy to halt tumor growth. In the present study IAR 20 cells were treated for 24 and 48 hr with colchicine and paclitaxel alone, in combination or no drug which served as a control. Through the use of Western blotting, we determined that the treatments affected expression due of several proteins including bcl-2, bax, p53 and caspase-8. The changes observed in protein expression due to the treatments correlated to the photomicrographs of the cells in culture and cell viability, indicating that the drugs were activating and initiating apoptosis. Interestingly, morphological changes such as membrane blebbing and cell swelling (indicators of apoptosis) were observed in the treated cultures and even more important the combined treatment yielded both changes in morphology. Also, activity assays were performed to study the effects the treatments had on the activities of SAPK/JNK and caspase-3, known activators of apoptosis. High activities of SAPK/JNK and caspase-3 in 48 hr treatments directly influenced cell viability in that the treatments with the highest activities yielded the lowest cell numbers, indicating that apoptosis was occurring. Based on these findings it was concluded that combined treatments of colchicine and paclitaxel are not advantageous in hepatocytes and could provide some insight into the treatment of liver cancer. Additionally, it appeared the drugs were initiating apoptosis in a p53 independent manner.
Department of Biology
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Späth, Leonie. "Vermeidung von Überversorgung am Lebensende am Beispiel der Thromboembolieprophylaxe nach Einführung einer Klug Entscheiden-Initiative." Doctoral thesis, 2020. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-199585.

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Fragestellung und wissenschaftlicher Hintergrund: Anknüpfend an die S3-Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin und an die internationale Choosing Wisely-Kampagne sowie die deutsche Klug Entscheiden-Initiative wurde auf der Palliativstation im Universitätsklinikum Würzburg im Juni 2015 das „Klug Entscheiden am Lebensende“-Programm (= KEL-Programm) eingeführt. Der Fokus der retrospektiven Patientenaktenanalyse lag auf der Thromboembolieprophylaxe in der Sterbephase (die drei bis sieben Tage vor dem eintretenden Tod) durch das NMH Natrium-Enoxaparin. Ein Zusammenhang zwischen tumorbedingten Erkrankungen und thromboembolischen Komplikationen ist unumstritten, konkurrierende Empfehlungen in verschiedenen Leitlinien erschweren jedoch die Entscheidungsfindung zur Indikationsstellung am Lebensende im palliativen Setting. Diese Untersuchung sollte zur wissenschaftlichen Aufarbeitung der Polymedikation am Lebensende am Beispiel der Thromboembolieprophylaxe beitragen und die praktische Umsetzung des KEL-Programms in der täglichen Praxis beleuchten. Methodik: Es wurden zwei Patientengruppen untersucht: die Kontrollgruppe (KoG, n = 107) vor der Einführung des KEL-Programmes sowie die Klug-Entscheiden-Gruppe (KEG, n = 85) nach der Implementierung des Programms. Es wurden jeweils nur auf der Station Verstorbene betrachtet. Die Patientendaten und klinischen Informationen wurden der ärztlichen und pflegerischen Dokumentation entnommen, die in den Patientenakten auf der Palliativstation sortiert vorlagen. Mithilfe eines Erfassungsbogens wurde die subkutane Applikation der NMH jeweils am Aufnahmetag, drei bis sieben Tage und zwei Tage vor dem Tod sowie am Todestag festgehalten. Zusätzlich wurden klinische Symptome notiert, die auf ein thromboembolisches Ereignis hinweisen könnten. Des Weiteren wurde die Verordnung der vier essentiellen Medikamente (Opioide, Benzodiazepine, Neuroleptika, Anticholinergika) zur Symptomkontrolle in der Sterbewoche sowie Symptome der Patienten erhoben. Ergebnis: Insgesamt erhielten am Aufnahmetag auf der Palliativstation 44,9 % der Patienten in der Kontrollgruppe das NMH Na-Enoxaparin und nur 29,4 % der Patienten in der Klug-Entscheiden-Gruppe und zeigte damit einen signifikanten Unterschied (p = 0,029; Chi-Quadrat-Test). Dieser Trend setzte sich auch in der gesamten Sterbewoche fort. Drei bis sieben Tage vor dem Tod wurde 52,6 % der Patienten in der Kontrollgruppe Na-Enoxaparin appliziert, in der Klug-Entscheiden-Gruppe erhielten es nur 28,6 % (p = 0,004; Chi-Quadrat-Test). Zwei Tage vor dem Tod wurden im ersten Zeitraum 30,8 %, im zweiten Zeitraum 5,5 % der Patienten mit Na-Enoxaparin therapiert (p < 0,001; Exakter Test nach Fisher). Am Todestag wurde es in der Kontrollgruppe 12,1 % gegeben und in der Klug-Entscheiden-Gruppe 3,5 % (p = 0,037; Exakter Test nach Fisher). In der ärztlichen und pflegerischen Dokumentation wurde keine Häufung von Hinweisen auf thromboembolische Ereignissen festgestellt (KoG: 7,5%, KEG: 5,9%, p = 0,662; Chi-Quadrat-Test). Schmerzen und Dyspnoe traten in vergleichbarer Intensität auf, die Symptomausprägung der Unruhe unterschied sich signifikant. Die vier essenziellen Medikamente zur Symptomlinderung in der Sterbephase waren in unverändertem Umfang erforderlich. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass durch individuelle Entscheidungen bezüglich des Absetzens der Thromboembolieprophylaxe am Lebensende kein Anstieg an thromboembolischen Komplikationen befürchtet werden muss. Auf diese Weise kann ein Beitrag zur Vermeidung von Polymedikation am Lebensende geleistet werden, ohne dass die Versorgungsqualität darunter zu leiden hat. Die erfolgreiche Implementierung des Würzburger KEL-Programms und diese Dissertation sollen zur weiteren Reflexion über ärztliches Handeln am Lebensende beitragen und ermutigen. Ärzte aller Fachrichtungen sind weiterhin für die Problematik der Überversorgung zu sensibilisieren und Empfehlungen im Sinne der Klug Entscheiden-Initiative sollen in die tägliche Praxis eingebunden werden
Research question and scientific background: In June 2015 the palliative care unit of the University Hospital Würzburg introduced the program “Klug Entscheiden am Lebensende” (engl.: choosing wisely at the end of life), following the S3-guideline of the German Society for Palliative Care as well as the German and international campaign Choosing Wisely. The focus was placed on the retrospective analysis of thromboembolism prophylaxis in the phase of dying (three to seven days before the incidence of death), by evaluating NMH enoxaparin sodium which is primarily used for thrombosis prophylaxis in stationary tumor patients and palliative patients. Data was retrieved from patient’s health records. The aim of this study was to evaluate polymedication at the end of life based on the example of thromboembolism prophylaxis and further to assess the practical implementation of the choosing wisely at the end of life (CWEL) program in the daily clinical routine. Methods: We compared outcomes between the control group (CG, N = 107), in which patients were treated before the implementation of the choose-wisely-program, and the choosing wisely group (CWG, N = 85), in which patients were treated according to the principles of the CWEL-program. The application of NMH was measured at three different time-points in the last week of life. Patient data and clinical information were retrieved from sorted patient records at the palliative care unit and evaluation was based on written documentation by doctors and nurses. Results: Significantly less enoxaparin sodium was prescribed at all three measurement points in the last week of life in the CWG as compared to the CG. According to patient records, there was no indication of increased thromboembolic events in the CWG. Pain and dyspnoea occurred in similar intensity in both groups, while the symptom unrest significantly differed between groups. The four essential medications (Opioids, benzodiazepines, neuroleptics, anticholinergics) for symptom relief in the phase of dying were required to the same extend in both groups. Conclusions: The results indicate that the weaning of thromboembolic prophylaxis at the end of life does not lead to an increase of thromboembolic complications. In this way, doctors can contribute to the prevention of polymedication at the end of life without risking a decrease of the quality of care. The successful implementation of the CWEL-program in the University Clinic in Würzburg and the here presented thesis encourage and contribute to the reflection of and discussion about medical action at the end of life. There is still a need to increase the awareness of doctors from all specializations for the problem of medical oversupply. Also, recommendations according to the CWEL initiative have to be further integrated in daily clinical practices
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Reichert, Silke. "Nachhaltige Organisationsentwicklung durch emotionales Lernen aus systemisch-konstruktivistischer Perspektive. Darstellung und Evaluation am Beispiel der Initiative "Gemeinsam in die Zukunft" der SKF GmbH." Doctoral thesis, 2009. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-36288.

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Die Aspekte Nachhaltigkeit und Emotionen sind derzeit als Titel jeder Weiterbildungszeitschrift zu finden und stellen ein aktuelles Thema in der Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung dar. Die Globalisierung und der Wettbewerb erfordern eine permanente und schnelle Weiterentwicklung der Organisationen. Verantwortliche der Organisationsentwicklung träumen nicht nur vom Erfolg ihrer Veränderungsvorhaben, sondern sogar davon eine Kompetenz aufbauen zu können, die eine kontinuierliche nachhaltige Entwicklung der Organisation sicherstellt. Es ist bekannt, dass Evaluation solche Prozesse unterstützt und es haben sich diverse Erhebungs- und Steuerungsinstrumente in der Organisationsentwicklung etabliert. Neu ist - angetrieben durch Erkenntnisse der Hirnforschung - die Beachtung von Emotionen bei Veränderungsprozessen. Dabei werden diese zwar als Gefühle verstanden, doch im Besonderen in ihrer Entstehung und Auswirkung auf die Gegenwart und Zukunft hin untersucht sowie interpretiert. Genauer geht die Pädagogik davon aus, dass Emotionen erlernt werden und das Lernen beeinflussen. Personalentwickler erhoffen sich durch die Beachtung von Emotionen die Veränderungsprozesse besser voranzubringen und als Kontinuum etablieren zu können. Dabei sind das Potenzial, die Nutzung und die Wirkung von Emotionen sowie deren Förderung noch weitgehend unbekannt. Einen Beitrag dazu kann die Pädagogik - bzw. im Hinblick auf Lernen von Erwachsenen in Unternehmen - die Erwachsenenbildung leisten. In der beruflichen Praxis kommen pädagogische Konzepte in der Personal- und Organisationsentwicklung zum Tragen. Konstruktivistische Vertreter wie Horst Siebert betrachten Emotionen als „Filter bei der Aneignung von Wissen“ und als „Motor zur Umsetzung von Erkenntnissen und Handlungen“ (Siebert 2004a, S. 74). Rolf Arnold beschreibt in seinen Publikationen emotionales Lernen als Lernen, das aus der Tiefenstruktur eines lernenden Systems heraus entsteht. So verstanden lernt der Mensch nicht indem er auf externe Gründe reagiert, sondern indem er die verinnerlichten Deutungs- und Emotionsmuster, die in der jeweiligen Situation aktiviert werden, neu zusammensetzt (vgl. Arnold 2005, S. 4). Obwohl bereits Veröffentlichungen über die Bedeutung von Emotionen für Lernen und Veränderungsprozesse vorliegen, gibt es bisher keine Studien, die nachhaltige Organisationsentwicklung durch emotionales Lernen konkretisieren und evaluieren. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt den Versuch dar, diese Leerstelle zu füllen und will die Chancen und Grenzen von nachhaltiger Organisationsentwicklung durch emotionales Lernen untersuchen und diskutieren. Dabei geht sie davon aus, dass diese Thematik die Verbindung einer theoretischen und praktischen Reflexion bedarf. Für die Anwendung empirischer Methoden bedeutet dies, dass v.a. ihre Praxisorientierung im Vordergrund steht. Dank der 20monatigen Begleitung einer Organisationsentwicklungsmaßnahme in einem großen Industrieunternehmen ist es möglich, eine Brücke zwischen Theorie und Praxis zu schlagen. Die Organisationsentwicklungsmaßnahme wird als Initiative mit dem Titel „Gemeinsam in die Zukunft“ bezeichnet. Inhaltlich behandelt sie die Optimierung der Führungs- und Kommunikationskultur der SKF GmbH. Damit diese Organisationsentwicklung nachhaltig ist, wird emotionales Lernen als die Transformation der Muster der Mitarbeiter verstanden. Dabei soll insbesondere die Fähigkeit zu individueller Reflexion und gemeinsamer Metakommunikation der Mitarbeiter gesteigert werden. Insgesamt erfolgt die Darstellung der Arbeit erfolgt deduktiv, d.h. die Erörterung verläuft vom Allgemeinen zum Besonderen. Nachdem die theoretischen Grundlagen dargestellt sind, werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, aus denen zum einen das für den jeweiligen Fall Passende ausgewählt werden muss und zum anderen diese Auswahl in ihrer Umsetzung weiterentwickelt wird. Der Praxisteil, die Fallstudie zeigt ausgewählte Lernsettings sowie ihre Evaluationsergebnisse. In der abschließenden Diskussion und Würdigung der Fallstudie wird die Praxis anhand der theoretisch entwickelten Erfolgsfaktoren reflektiert. Die Reflexion erfolg analog zu den entwickelten Erfolgskriterien betreffend des Lernenden, der Umwelt, der Intervention und der Evaluation. Dabei werden die Chancen und Grenzen von Theorie und Praxis gleichermaßen diskutiert. Bei der Vorstellung dieser Ergebnisse in dem kooperierenden Unternehmen hat sich gezeigt, dass diese Diskussion einen Überblick über die Entwicklung insgesamt, jedoch nicht über die einzelner Unternehmensbereiche geben kann. Bei umfassenden Veränderungsprozessen in großen Organisationen, wie im vorliegenden Fallbeispiel, entstehen unterschiedliche Dynamiken und verschiedene Interpretationen über die Entwicklung der Organisation. Das Resümee zeigt pointiert die Ergebnisse der Diskussion aus Sicht der Doktorandin
Nowadays you find sustainability and emotions in every news. Cause of globalisation and competitions these topics are particularly for Organisational Development one of the famous contemporary issues
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Pires, Pedro Filipe Silva. "Good match: consumer perception of company-cause fit in corporate social initiatives of psi-20 corporate brands." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/3613.

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Esta investigação enquadra-se no âmbito da Responsabilidade Social Corporativa com o tema do Alinhamento entre Empresa e Causa das empresas do PSI-20 nas iniciativas sociais corporativas. Assim, caracterizou-se esse alinhamento e analisaram-se os factores que o influenciam. Para responder aos objectivos de investigação realizou-se um inquérito por questionário assente numa amostra por conveniência de 283 consumidores Portugueses, entre os 18 e os 64 anos, residentes na Grande Lisboa e no Grande Porto. Os resultados demonstram que o Tipo de Causa é factor influenciador do alinhamento entre Empresa e Causa e factor influenciador do alinhamento entre Sector e Empresa. Nas características do Consumidor (Cliente, Geração Millennial e Género), os resultados dos testes de hipótese não comprovaram a relação com o Alinhamento entre Empresa e Causa ou com o Alinhamento entre Sector e Causa em qualquer uma delas. Foram parcialmente comprovadas a correlação positiva entre o Alinhamento entre Sector e Causa e o Alinhamento entre Empresa e Causa, a relação entre a Identificação do Consumidor com a Causa e o Alinhamento entre Empresa e Causa e a relação entre a Identificação do Consumidor com a Causa e o Alinhamento entre Sector e Causa. Finalmente, não se comprovou a correlação positiva entre o Alinhamento entre Causa e Empresa e a Reputação da Empresa via RSE. Conclui-se que o Tipo de Causa é importante na tomada de decisão sobre iniciativas sociais corporativas e que deve ser seleccionado em função do Alinhamento entre Empresa e Causa.
This study fits in the extent of Corporate Social Responsibility, and it is about Company- Cause Fit of social corporate initiatives of 10 PSI-20 companies. In order to better understand the construct of Company-Cause Fit, a full description of the concept (10 causes pre-determined and 10 companies) was made and the factors influencing that alignment were analyzed (Company, Cause and Consumer characteristics). In order to achieve the investigation goals a structured questionnaire was delivered through a sample of 283 Portuguese consumers living in Lisbon and Porto with ages between 18 and 64 years old. Concerning the Cause’s characteristics, the results demonstrate that the Cause’s Type is an influencer of Company-Cause fit and an influencer of Sector Cause fit. In spite of that, when consider the Consumer characteristics (Client, Millennial Generation and Gender) the tests do not prove the relation with Company-cause fit. On the other hand, partial proof was achieved concerning the correlation between Company-cause fit and Sector-cause fit, between Cause relevance to the Consumer and Company-cause fit and between Cause relevance to the Consumer and Sector cause fit. Lastly, the positive correlation between Company-cause fit and Company Reputation through Corporate Social Responsibility was not confirmed. This investigation concludes that the decision of which Type of cause to choose is an important one when a Company develops corporate social initiatives and that it should be oriented to manage Company-cause fit (an exploratory decision making support instrument is proposed – the Good Match analysis).
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Petrová, Jana. "Zapomenutá generace. Nezávislé aktivity a samizdat na Plzeňsku v 80. letech 20. století." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-299072.

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The degree work deals with the last century period of the 80s and 90s in the Pilsen region. Generally, it was time of lack of freedom and intolerance when all the state power was concentrated in one political party - the Czechoslovak Communist Party. With support of police this party manipulated with citizens' dignity, rights and thinking. Through description of some civic activities the work records groups of independent thinking in the Pilsen region. These activities were source of independent atmosphere; that's why they were supervised by the state power; their protagonists were monitored and their activities were supressed. In the work the independent areas are divided into chapters: church, music, scouting, camping, ecology. Another chapter focuses on the local dissent activities. Its members were predominantly from the above mentioned groups. Last chapter deals with unofficial publishing (samizdat) in this period. The aim of the degree work is to find (or at least to outline) the starting points and reasons that finally brought members of various groups (often diametrically opposite) together on the way of independent activities, dissent and unofficial publishing (samizdat).
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Ikwuagwu, Onwumere A. "INITIATION IN AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION : a systematic symbolic analysis, with special reference to aspects of Igbo Religion in Nigeria." Doctoral thesis, 2006. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-20008.

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From the history of the Church, we gather that one of the most major tests that confronted the early Christian community was whether everyone who wanted to become a Christian also of necessity had to become a Jew as a pre-requisite for entrance into the new community of believers. The issue at stake is whether one qualifies to be a Christian through adherence to the Jewish identity, which centres on circumcision and the observance of the Mosaic legal code. The crisis resulted to the convocation of the Jerusalem Council (cf. Acts 15), which tasked itself with the definition of the Christian identity. The Council bases its definition of Christian identity, separable from adherence to the Jewish cultural practice (a form of cultural imperialism), solely on election by God in Jesus Christ. Moreover, the event of the Pentecost in Jerusalem demonstrated what the nature of the spreading of the message of this new community of believers in Jesus Christ should be: that people from other cultures, “Parthians, Medes and Elamites; people from Mesopotamia, Judaea and Capadocia, Ponthus and Asia, Phrygia and Pamphylis, Egypt and the parts of Libya around Cyrene; as well as visitors from Rome, Jews and Proselytes alike, Cretans and Arabs” (Acts 2: 9-11), could understand the message that Peter communicated to them through the force of the breath of the risen Jesus in their own mother tongue, without first becoming Jews. Against the background of this crucial point in the history of the early Church and in consideration of the Second Vatican Council, this dissertation seeks to address the problem of identity, unity and diversity in the Christian religion with special reference to Africa. It proposes that the traditional African Rites of Initiation that mark the transition from one stage of life to the other and therefore the existential and essential transformation of the individual and group offer with their rich symbolisms a very fertile ground for dialogue with the Christian religion. It views the various Rites of Initiation (from birth and ritual circumcision over puberty and adult to marriage and funeral rites) as vital and immutable seminal points in the life of the individual African and his/her society at large. These Rites that express in various ways the African holistic view and conception of life and reality are, in terms of their religious symbolism, meaning and function, analogous to their Christian counterparts (such as baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, ordination, marriage) and can as a result be conveniently accepted or at least incorporated even if in modified forms as authentic African initiation rites for African Christians. Without being syncretistic, such an incorporation and modification at one and the same time recognizes and respects the cultural identity of the African and marks his/her transformation and acceptance of his/her new identity, modelled on Christ. In this way, the African Christian will be enabled to live, articulate and express his/her faith within his/her own historical-cultural milieu. On the whole, the presentation is predictive and prescriptive with regard to what the relationship and dialogue between Christianity and the African Traditional Religion should be or should not be. It is an honest effort to make the Christian message relevant to the African in his/her own perceptual and conceptual world-view. This task remains a steady challenge to African Christians who want to maintain at one and the same time and at the same level their African identity and their Christian calling. The balancing and reconciling of these two identities in a correlating rather than confrontational manner remains a task for the Church of today and tomorrow. The dissertation is a foundational contribution to building up and sharpening consciousness for this problem.
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Books on the topic "20-20-20 initiative"

1

Baltic Sea Partenariat (1996 Gdynia). Baltic Sea Partenariat 1996, Gdynia, 19-20 September: A European Commission initiative. Gdynia: World Trade Center Gdynia ltd., 1996.

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San Francisco (Calif.). Board of Supervisors. Waterfront land use initiative: Item 30 on Board Calendar August 20, 1990, File no. 60-90-21. San Francisco: Board of Supervisors, 1990.

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Taylor, Susan. A review of the types of intervention being implemented by Local Education Authorities under the GEST 20 truancy and disaffection initiative. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1995.

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Pamela, Forner, Hiemstra Djoerd, Peñas Anselmo, Santucci Giuseppe, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Information Access Evaluation. Multilinguality, Multimodality, and Visual Analytics: Third International Conference of the CLEF Initiative, CLEF 2012, Rome, Italy, September 17-20, 2012. Proceedings. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Defense Policy Panel. U.S. nuclear forces and arms control policy: Hearings before the Defense Policy Panel of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, May 20, June 4, and 5, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Panel, United States Congress House Committee on Armed Services Defense Policy. U.S. nuclear forces and arms control policy: Hearings before the Defense Policy Panel of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, May 20, June 4, and 5, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Defense Policy Panel. U.S. nuclear forces and arms control policy: Hearings before the Defense Policy Panel of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, May 20, June 4, and 5, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Defense Policy Panel. U.S. nuclear forces and arms control policy: Hearings before the Defense Policy Panel of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, May 20, June 4, and 5, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Defense Policy Panel. U.S. nuclear forces and arms control policy: Hearings before the Defense Policy Panel of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, May 20, June 4, and 5, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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H, Danskin Melissa, Linde, Hendrik A. van der., International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources., and World Conservation Congress (1996 : Montreal, Canada), eds. Enhancing sustainability: Resources for our future : proceedings of a workshop held at the World Conservation Congress organised by the Sustainable Use Initiative, 17-20 October 1996, Montreal, Canada. Gland ; Switzerland: IUCN, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "20-20-20 initiative"

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Otorbaev, Djoomart. "The Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia." In Central Asia's Economic Rebirth in the Shadow of the New Great Game, 320–41. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003360728-20.

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Mishra, Vivek. "China's Belt and Road Initiative and the Indian Ocean balance." In China and South Asia, 243–54. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367855413-20.

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Bulman, David. "Financial sustainability of the Belt and Road Initiative before and after COVID-19." In The Belt and Road Initiative in Asia, Africa, and Europe, 241–59. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003156246-20.

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Solstad, Bård Erlend, Margaret L. Søvik, Torill Marie Larsen, and Yngvar Ommundsen. "A Coach Education Initiative in the Context of Norwegian Grassroots Football: Implementation and Lessons Learned." In Coach Education in Football, 181–92. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003148784-20.

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Donaldson, Stewart I. "The Evaluation of a $20 Million, Multiprogram, Work and Health Initiative." In Introduction to Theory-Driven Program Evaluation, 92–99. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429353277-6-8.

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Karimova, Paulina G., Shao-Yu Yan, and Kuang-Chung Lee. "SEPLS Well-Being as a Vision: Co-managing for Diversity, Connectivity, and Adaptive Capacity in Xinshe Village, Hualien County, Chinese Taipei." In Biodiversity-Health-Sustainability Nexus in Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS), 61–88. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9893-4_4.

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AbstractSince 2016, a 600 hectare “ridge-to-reef” watershed of the Jialang River in Xinshe Village, Hualien County, Chinese Taipei, has been adaptively co-managed by a multi-stakeholder platform uniting two indigenous tribes (Fuxing and Xinshe) and four regional government agencies subordinate to the Council of Agriculture. The Five Perspectives of the Satoyama Initiative formed the core of the Xinshe SEPLS adaptive co-management model. The year 2020 marked the end of the short-term phase (2016–2019) and a transition period to the midterm phase (2021–2026) of the Xinshe “Forest-River-Village-Ocean” Eco-Agriculture Initiative (the Xinshe Initiative). How could the midterm management of the Xinshe Initiative most effectively enhance the Xinshe SEPLS well-being by 2026? To answer this question, we developed a set of 20 Localised Indicators of Resilience in the Xinshe SEPLS, analysed the concept of SEPLS well-being on the basis of the 5R conceptual framework (“ridge-to-reef”, risks, resources, and resilience), and contributed the results of our study to the midterm action plan of the Xinshe Initiative.
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Demartini, Paola, and Cristiana Bernardi. "A Management Control System For Environmental And Social Initiatives." In The Routledge Companion to Intellectual Capital, 316–31. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315393100-20.

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Balchin, Ross, Rudi Coetzer, Christian Salas, and Jan Webster. "Initiating and developing community-based projects and programmes." In Addressing Brain Injury in Under-Resourced Settings, 301–12. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2017. |: Psychology Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315696959-20.

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Bridges, Eileen. "Executive ethical decisions initiating organizational culture and values 1." In The Routledge Handbook of Service Research Insights and Ideas, 391–423. New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351245234-20.

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Golding, Dominic, Jeanne X. Kasperson, Roger E. Kasperson, Robert Goble, John E. Seley, Gordon Thompson, and Charles P. Wolf. "How will a decision to initiate protective response be made?" In Managing Nuclear Accidents, 62–65. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429037825-20.

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Conference papers on the topic "20-20-20 initiative"

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Ruck, Philip, Thomas Coolbaugh, Joselito Guevarra, Anton Rhodes, and Peter Taylor. "The Global Initiative: 20 Years of Government and Industry Cooperation." In SPE International Conference and Exhibition on Health, Safety, Security, Environment, and Social Responsibility. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/179442-ms.

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Hampel, Craig. "Terabyte bandwidth initiative architectural considerations for next-generation memory systems." In 2008 IEEE Hot Chips 20 Symposium (HCS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hotchips.2008.7476513.

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Sarr, Jean Michel A., Georgios N. Yannakakis, Antonios Liapis, Alassane Bah, and Christophe Cambier. "Djehuty: A Mixed-Initiative Handwriting Game for Preschoolers." In FDG '20: International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3403030.

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Avula, Sandeep, and Jaime Arguello. "Wizard of Oz Interface to Study System Initiative for Conversational Search." In CHIIR '20: Conference on Human Information Interaction and Retrieval. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3343413.3377941.

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Labovitz, Steven. "Privatization of the City of Atlanta's Water System: A Cost Savings Initiative and a Plan for the Future." In 29th Annual Water Resources Planning and Management Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40430(1999)20.

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Cheetham, Josie. "82 Harnessing COVID-19 lockdown trainee leadership to expand a local healthcare workforce wellbeing initiative nationally." In Leaders in Healthcare Conference, 17–20 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/leader-2020-fmlm.82.

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Lai, Gorm, William Latham, and Frederic Fol Leymarie. "Towards Friendly Mixed Initiative Procedural Content Generation: Three Pillars of Industry." In FDG '20: International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3402942.3402946.

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Wong, Jan Man, Arvind Kumar, and Andy Parrish. "148 Buffalo city and amathole medical support initiative: quality improvement via collaborative care and education in South Africa." In Leaders in Healthcare Conference, 17–20 November 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/leader-2020-fmlm.148.

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Mazumder, Syeda Fatema, Farah Tokmic, Tonya Frevert, and Mary Lou Maher. "Measuring Graduate Teaching Assistants' Climate Under a Pedagogical Change Initiative." In SIGCSE '20: The 51st ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3328778.3372619.

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Jones, E., A. Jayham, M. Francis, W. Casey, G. Griffiths, A. Gibbins, A. Crabtree, and J. Hayes. "2 New COVID initiative – introduction of the just in time emergency medicine pack (JEMP)." In Accepted Oral and Poster Abstract Submissions, The Palliative Care Congress 1 Specialty: 3 Settings – home, hospice, hospital 25 – 26 March 2021 | A virtual event, hosted by Make it Edinburgh Live, the Edinburgh International Conference Centre’s hybrid event platform. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2021-pcc.20.

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Reports on the topic "20-20-20 initiative"

1

Meeker, Jessica. Mutual Learning for Policy Impact: Insights from CORE. Shaping Policy and Practice with Intersectional Gender Responsive Evidence (in the Context of Covid-19). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2021.007.

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On the 19 and 20 October 2021, the Institute of Development Studies hosted an online dialogue which aimed to enhance efforts to inform and influence policy, management, and practice with intersectional gender-responsive evidence by sharing learning between CORE cohort members from their approaches and experiences at country and regional levels. The event was attended by over 30 participants from 19 partners across the CORE cohort and highlighted the experiences of CORE partners Glasswing and the Arab Reform Initiative (ARI). This learning guide captures the practical insights and advice from the event, to help inform the practice of participants and other projects across the portfolio.
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Chen, Yifan, Yi Chen, Tongxi Li, Yonglang Cheng, Zhiwei Huang, Tianying Cai, Junjie Bai, Ziming Wu, Chen Liu, and Wenguang Fu. Systematic evaluation and meta-analysis of the efficacy and tolerability of tegoprazan in an Asian population. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.10.0116.

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Review question / Objective: P (Population): Diabetic patients and healthy subjects. I (Intervention): Different doses of dasiglucagon. C (Comparison): Placebo. O (Outcome) : The primary outcome was the median time to recovery of plasma glucose (PG) (first PG increase of ≥20 mg/dL from the baseline after treatment initiation). The number of occurrences in which PG initially increased by ≥20 mg/dL from the baseline within 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes was one of the secondary outcomes. The median time to reach a PG level of ≥70 mg/dL was another secondary outcome. The aforementioned outcomes were established without the use of intravenous rescue glucose. S (Study design) : The data in this study were obtained from randomized controlled trials.
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.seal2010.

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The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.promise2010.

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The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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Nazneen, Sohela, and Maria Fernanda Silva Olivares. Strengthening Women’s Inclusion in Social Accountability Initiatives. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.002.

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In the last 20 years, social accountability initiatives have facilitated the inclusion and participation of marginalised groups in governance processes. This Policy Briefing focuses on how and what factors prove effective in strengthening women’s voice in processes holding public service providers accountable. We argue that initiatives must: (a) build technical and other forms of capacity amongst women; (b) change formal rules on women’s inclusion; (c) apply political economy analysis to unpack power dynamics, identify actors in favour of gender equality, and build a network in support of women; and (d) make long-term funding commitments for sustainable change in gender-biased norms.
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McCall, Jamie, Brittany Weston, James Onorevole, John Roberson, and Jamie Andrews. Extraordinary Times Call for Extraordinary Measures: Use of Loans and Grants for Small Business Assistance During the COVID-20 Pandemic. Carolina Small Business Development Fund and ResilNC, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46712/extraordinary.times.

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The financial losses caused by COVID-19 are extraordinary in scope and have affected every facet of the small business ecosystem. For entrepreneurs, recovery from the pandemic has similarly required extraordinary levels of assistance. We assess the connection between COVID-19 grant and loan emergency interventions with a variety of positive community economic development impacts. Our analysis draws from a survey of aid recipients across ten COVID-19 relief programs offered or administered by Carolina Small Business Development Fund between February 2020 and February 2022. The data highlight three main findings. First, while the pandemic’s economic damage was high across all underprivileged communities, in many cases the harms disproportionately accrued to Black-owned firms. Second, the results show that grant initiatives are better for short-term financial stability and are likely to position recipients for future financing opportunities. Finally, disaster loans are favored for outcomes related to higher employment retention and a creating a more favorable business sentiment outlook.
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Stark, Sasha, Heather Wardle, and Isabel Burdett. Examining lottery play and risk among young people in Great Britain. GREO, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2021.002.

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Purpose & Significance: Despite the popularity of lottery and scratchcards and some evidence of gambling problems among players, limited research focuses on the risks of lottery and scratchcard play and predictors of problems, especially among young people. The purpose of this project is to examine whether lottery and scratchcard participation is related to gambling problems among 16-24 year olds in Great Britain and whether general and mental health and gambling behaviours explain this relationship. Methodology: Samples of 16-24 year olds were pooled from the 2012, 2015, and 2016 Gambling in England and Scotland: Combined Data from the Health Survey for England and the Scottish Health Survey (n=3,454). Bivariate analyses and Firth method logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between past-year lottery and scratchcard participation and gambling problems, assessing the attenuating role of mental wellbeing, mental health disorders, self-assessed general health, and playing other games in past year. Results: There is a significant association between scratchcard play and gambling problems. The association somewhat attenuated but remained significant after taking into account wellbeing, mental health disorders, general health, and engagement in other gambling activities. Findings also show that gambling problems are further predicted by age (20-24 years), gender (male), lower wellbeing, and playing any other gambling games. Implications: Results are valuable for informing youth-focused education, decisions around the legal age for National Lottery products, and the development of safer gambling initiatives for high risk groups and behaviours, such as scratchcard play.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: National Capital Region Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2293865.

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Type sections are one of several kinds of stratotypes. A stratotype is the standard (original or subsequently designated), accessible, and specific sequence of rock for a named geologic unit that forms the basis for the definition, recognition, and comparison of that unit elsewhere. Geologists designate stratotypes for rock exposures that are illustrative and representative of the map unit being defined. Stratotypes ideally should remain accessible for examination and study by others. In this sense, geologic stratotypes are similar in concept to biological type specimens, however they remain in situ as rock exposures rather than curated in a repository. Therefore, managing stratotypes requires inventory and monitoring like other geologic heritage resources in parks. In addition to type sections, stratotypes also include type localities, type areas, reference sections, and lithodemes, all of which are defined in this report. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to stratotypes that occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers and to promote the preservation and protection of these important geologic heritage resources. This effort identified 20 stratotypes designated within seven park units of the National Capital Region I&M Network (NCRN): Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park (CHOH) contains three type sections, two type localities, one type area, and eight reference sections; George Washington Memorial Parkway (GWMP) contains one type locality; Harpers Ferry National Historical Park (HAFE) contains two type sections, and one type locality/type area; Manassas National Battlefield (MANA) contains two type areas; Monocacy National Battlefield (MONO) contains one type section; National Capital Parks-East (NACE) contains one type locality; Prince William Forest (PRWI) contains one type section. Note that two stratotype designations (for the Harpers and Mather Gorge Formations) are shared amongst multiple park units. Table 1 provides information regarding the 20 stratotypes currently identified within the NCRN. There are currently no designated stratotypes within Antietam National Battlefield (ANTI), Catoctin Mountain Park (CATO), Rock Creek Park (ROCR), and Wolf Trap National Park for the Performing Arts (WOTR). However, CATO, CHOH, and GWMP contain important rock exposures that could be considered for formal stratotype designation as discussed in the Recommendations section. The inventory of geologic stratotypes across the NPS is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS has centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring (I&M) networks established during the late 1990s. Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks and was therefore adopted for the stratotype inventory. The Greater Yellowstone I&M Network (GRYN) was the pilot network for initiating this project (Henderson et al. 2020). Methodologies and reporting strategies adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this report for the NCRN. This report includes a recommendation section that addresses outstanding issues and future steps regarding park unit stratotypes. These recommendations will hopefully guide decision-making and help ensure that these geoheritage resources are properly protected and that proposed park activities or development will not adversely impact the stability and condition of these geologic exposures.
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Lenhardt, Amanda. Progress Towards Meaningful Women’s Participation in Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Decision-makingt prevention and peacebuilding decision-making. Institute of Development Studies, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.044.

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The Women, Peace and Security or Gender Peace and Security (WPS/GPS) agenda has expanded significantly over the 20+ years of concerted efforts at many levels to expand the role of women in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. Yet many authors note that the expansion of international agreements and national plans to support greater women’s participation in decision-making have yet to translate into concrete changes. This report examines progress in promoting women’s meaningful participation in decision making processes in conflict prevention and peacebuilding, with a focus on changes since 2018. Evidence on women’s meaningful participation in decision-making tends to focus on a small range of measurable outcomes with some studies considering the outcomes of women’s involvement in those processes to determine the extent to which they might be ‘meaningful’. Few studies examine differential outcomes of such initiatives for different groups of women, and most data does not allow for the disaggregation of intersecting identities between gender, ethnicity, race, disability, migration status and other key factors. Evidence collected for this report suggests that policies and programmes seeking to support greater women’s participation in decision-making in conflict prevention and peacebuilding often struggle to address the broader structural factors that inhibit women’s empowerment. Tackling longstanding and often deeply embedded harmful social norms has proven challenging across sectors, and in conflict or post-conflict settings with highly complex social dynamics, this can be especially difficult. Many of the issues highlighted in the literature as hindering progress on the WPS agenda relate to cross-cutting issues at the heart of gender inequality. Multiple authors from within women’s movements in conflict and post-conflict settings emphasise the need for policies and programmes that support women to act as agents of change in their own communities and which amplify their voices rather than speak on their behalf. Recent achievements in South Sudan and the Pacific region are indicative of the potential of women’s movements to affect change in conflict prevention and peacebuilding and suggest progress is being made in some areas, though gender equality in these processes may be a long way off.
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10

Rahmé, Marianne, and Alex Walsh. Corruption Challenges and Responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Institute of Development Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.093.

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The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) consistently scores in the lowest rungs of global indexes on corruption, integrity and wider governance standards. Indeed, corruption of different sorts pervades public and corporate life, with strong ramifications for human development. Although the DRC is one of the richest countries in the world in terms of natural resources, its people are among the globe’s poorest.Corruption in the extractive industries (minerals and oil) is particularly problematic in terms of scale and its centrality to a political economy that maintains elites and preserves the highly inequitable outcomes for the majority. The politico-economic elites of the DRC, such as former President Joseph Kabila, are reportedly significant perpetrators but multinationals seeking valuable minerals or offering financial services are also allegedly deeply involved. Corruption is therefore a problem with national and international roots.Despite national and international initiatives, levels of corruption have proven very stubborn for at least the last 20 years, for various reasons. It is a structural and not just a legal issue. It is deeply entrenched in the country’s political economy and is driven both by domestic clientelism and the fact that multinationals buy into corrupt deals. This rapid review therefore seeks to find out the Corruption challenges and responses in the Democratic Republic of Congo.Grand level corruption shades down into the meso-level, where for instance, mineral laden trucks are systematically under-weighted with the collusion of state officials. With severe shortfalls in public funding, certain public services, such as education, are supported by informal payments. Other instances of petty corruption facilitate daily access to goods and services. At this level, there are arguments against counting such practices as forms of corruption and instead as necessary survival practices.To address the challenge of corruption, the DRC is equipped with a legal system that is of mixed strengths and an institutional arsenal that has made limited progress. International programming in integrity and anti-corruption represents a significant proportion of support to the DRC but much less than humanitarian and governance sectors. The leading international partners in this regard are the EU, US, UNDP, UK, African Development Bank, Germany and Sweden. These partners conduct integrity programming in general governance issues, as well as in the mineral and forest sectors.The sources used in this rapid review are gender blind and converge on a very negative picture The literature ranges from the academic and practitioner to the journalistic and investigative, and taken as a whole, is of good quality, drawing on different types of evidence including perceptions and qualitative in-country research. The sources are mostly in English with two in French.
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