Academic literature on the topic '2-Methylisoborneol (MIB)'

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Journal articles on the topic "2-Methylisoborneol (MIB)"

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Izaguirre, G., R. L. Wolfe, and E. G. Means. "Bacterial Degradation of 2-Methylisoborneol." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 8-9 (August 1, 1988): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0244.

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2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) is a musty-odored compound occurring in natural waters that is difficult to remove by conventional water treatment methods. Biodegra-dation may be an alternative for its removal from drinking water. Studies were undertaken to determine the conditions enhancing MIB degradation and to isolate and identify the bacteria responsible. MIB degraders were enriched using mg/l levels of the compound, in a defined mineral medium, inoculated with water and sediment samples from reservoirs where MIB is seasonally produced. Cultures that degraded MIB were isolated and enumerated. Degradation occurred only in mixed cultures. MIB supported growth as sole carbon source at 1-6.7 mg/l. MIB at 10 µg/l was also degraded in sterile lake water inoculated with washed bacteria. The degradation of MIB at both µg/l and mg/l levels took from 7 days to more than 2 weeks.
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Eaton, Richard W., and Peter Sandusky. "Biotransformations of 2-Methylisoborneol by Camphor-Degrading Bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 3 (December 5, 2008): 583–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02126-08.

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ABSTRACT Many camphor-degrading bacteria that are able to transform 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) have been identified. Three of these strains have been examined in detail. Rhodococcus ruber T1 metabolizes camphor through 6-hydroxycamphor but converts 2-MIB to 3-hydroxy-2-MIB. Pseudomonas putida G1, which metabolizes camphor through 5-hydroxycamphor, converts MIB primarily to 6-hydroxy-2-MIB. Rhodococcus wratislaviensis DLC-cam converts 2-MIB through 5-hydroxy-2-MIB to 5-keto-2-MIB. Together, these three strains produce metabolites resulting from hydroxylation at all of the three available secondary carbons on the six-member ring of 2-MIB.
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Jeong, Ju-Yong, Sang-Hoon Lee, Mi-Ra Yun, Seung-Eun Oh, Kyong-Hee Lee, and Hee-Deung Park. "2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) Excretion by Pseudanabaena yagii under Low Temperature." Microorganisms 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 2486. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122486.

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Outbreaks of 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) contamination in drinking water sources cause inconvenient odor issues in the water distribution system. In this study, microscopy-based isolation with physiological and molecular phylogenetic characterization were performed to investigate and characterize the 2-MIB odor producers that caused an odor problem in the freshwater system of the North Han River in the autumn of 2018. A benthic cyanobacterium was isolated from 2-MIB odor-issue freshwater samples and was found to be phylogenetically affiliated with Pseudanabaena yagii (99.66% sequence similarity), which was recorded in South Korea for the first time. The 2-MIB synthesis gene sequences from the odor-issue freshwater samples showed 100% similarity with those in the P. yagii strains. Protein sequences of 2-MIB synthase observed in the genome of the isolated strain showed structural and functional characteristics similar to those observed in other Pseudanabaena species. The 2-MIB production rate increased slowly during mat formation on the vessel wall; however, it rapidly increased after the temperature dropped. The 2-MIB gene was continuously expressed regardless of the temperature changes. These results suggest that the 2-MIB odor issue in the North Han River might be caused by the release of 2-MIB from the mat-forming P. yagii species in a low-temperature freshwater environment.
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Sumitomo, H. "Biodegradation of 2-Methylisoborneol by Gravel Sand Filtration." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0052.

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2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) and geosmin produced by blue-green algae were successfully removed in a new gravel filter plant. Small amounts of sludge were sampled from the filter layer and the bacteria able to decompose MIB were isolated from the sludge samples. By-products of the MIB degradation by these bacteria were also investigated. Among these bacteria, efforts were mainly focused on Pseudomonas fluorescens. The components of cell free extracts of this bacterium were studied in order to verify the biological reactions in vitro. 2-Methylenebornane, 2-methyl-2-bornene and isomers of these compounds were found to be a part of the by-products of the MIB degradation in the gravel filter.
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Elhadi, S. L. N., P. M. Huck, and R. M. Slawson. "Removal of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol by biological filtration." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 9 (May 1, 2004): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0586.

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The quality of drinking water is sometimes diminished by the presence of certain compounds that can impart particular tastes or odours. One of the most common and problematic types of taste and odour is the earthy/musty odour produced by geosmin (trans-1, 10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) and MIB (2-methylisoborneol). Taste and odour treatment processes including powdered activated carbon, and oxidation using chlorine, chloramines, potassium permanganate, and sometimes even ozone are largely ineffective for reducing these compounds to below their odour threshold concentration levels. Ozonation followed by biological filtration, however, has the potential to provide effective treatment. Ozone provides partial removal of geosmin and MIB but also creates other compounds more amenable to biodegradation and potentially undesirable biological instability. Subsequent biofiltration can remove residual geosmin and MIB in addition to removing these other biodegradable compounds. Bench scale experiments were conducted using two parallel filter columns containing fresh and exhausted granular activated carbon (GAC) media and sand. Source water consisted of dechlorinated tap water to which geosmin and MIB were added, as well as, a cocktail of easily biodegradable organic matter (i.e. typical ozonation by-products) in order to simulate water that had been subjected to ozonation prior to filtration. Using fresh GAC, total removals of geosmin ranged from 76 to 100% and total MIB removals ranged from 47% to 100%. The exhausted GAC initially removed less geosmin and MIB but removals increased over time. Overall the results of these experiments are encouraging for the use of biofiltration following ozonation as a means of geosmin and MIB removal. These results provide important information with respect to the role biofilters play during their startup phase in the reduction of these particular compounds. In addition, the results demonstrate the potential biofilters have in responding to transient geosmin and MIB episodes.
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Kawamura, G., K. Anraku, Y. Hisatomi, T. Matsuoka, and T. Motohiro. "Chemical perception and behavioral response of freshwater fish to 2-methylisoborneol." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 11 (June 1, 1995): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0428.

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The substance 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) often affects aquatic organisms and causes problem of off-flavours in fish. In order to know how fish become tainted with MIB, response and chemical sensitivity of three freshwater fishes to MIB were examined behaviorally and electrophysiologically. The electrocardiographic tests showed that the threshold of detection for this compound was 4.8 × 10−5 ngl−1 for the Nile tilapia and 2.1 × 10−5 ngl−1 for the rainbow trout. Fish whose olfactory rosettes were removed also showed the cardiac response to MIB, but the threshold increased by 3 and 5 orders of magnitude in the Nile tilapia and rainbow trout respectively. The recordings of neural response of the olfactory tract of the carp to MIB solutions showed the olfactory threshold at a concentration of 4 × 10−8 ngl−1. In behavioral tests in tanks, MIB solutions did not attract these fishes and evoked no avoidance in these fishes. It was concluded that, while freshwater fishes are extremely sensitive to MIB, they would not escape from waters contaminated with MIB and thus easily be tainted with MIB.
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Shao, Xia, and Kang Du. "Biodegradation of 2-methylisoborneol by enzyme separated from Pseudomonas mandelii." Water Supply 20, no. 6 (May 20, 2020): 2096–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.100.

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Abstract As a kind of odorous substance, 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is difficult to be degraded naturally. Some isolated strains of bacteria can degrade 2-MIB effectively. In this study, a strain of bacteria which can remove 2-MIB from drinking water efficiently was obtained from activated carbon in a filter, and was identified to be Pseudomonas mandelii based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Pseudomonas mandelii was not sensitive to the initial concentration of 2-MIB, and could tolerate a rather high concentration of 2-MIB. The best growth conditions for this degrader were 25–35 °C and initial pH of 7. The concentration of 2-MIB in mineral salt medium was reduced from 2 mg/L to 471.9 μg/L by Pseudomonas mandelii in 20 d after incubation. Nineteen bands of degrading enzyme were isolated from Pseudomonas mandelii, one of which was identified as a NAD-dependent dehydratase. It was found that 2-methyl-2-bornene was the metabolite in the presence of both the Pseudomonas mandelii and the isolated enzymes, indicating that NAD-dependent dehydratase might be involved in the biodegradation process or cooperate with other enzymes in the metabolic process to complete the dehydration process of 2-MIB.
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Oikawa, E., A. Shimizu, and Y. Ishibashi. "2-methylisoborneol degradation by the cam operon from pseudomonas putida PpG1." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 11 (June 1, 1995): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0407.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) degradation is coded on the chromosomal DNA or on the plasmid DNA. Result of these studies indicated the genes in Pseudomonas spp. responsible for this degradation may be located in the chromosomal DNA. Moreover, since the structure of MIB is similar to camphor, the cam operon which can decompose camphor was tested for decomposition of MIB. The cam operon consists of five parts; camD,C,A,B and camR. Each gene plays a different note; camR as it is a repressor of expression. The whole cam operon could decompose MIB by much the same pathway as camphor. Overexpressed recombinant plasmids were also constructed to reduce MIB, which was effectively degraded by deleted camR strains.
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Brownlee, B., C. Marvin, G. MacInnis, M. Charlton, and S. Watson. "Interlaboratory comparison of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in municipal tap water." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 5 (March 1, 2007): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.161.

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An interlaboratory comparison (“round-robin”) for geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) was carried out between six laboratories of the Ontario Water Works Research Consortium (OWWRC). Municipal tap water was found to be a suitable medium for distribution of samples. To test stability, geosmin and MIB were added to tap water and stored at 2–4°C. Under these conditions, geosmin concentrations declined by approximately 5% per month for the first 2 months. MIB concentrations were stable over a 158-day period. Three round-robins were carried out individually in 2001, 2003 and 2004. Two levels of geosmin and MIB were used: nominally 10 and 100 ng/l. In 2003 the relative standard deviation for all six participating laboratories were 34, 21, 21 and 22% for low and high level MIB, and low and high level geosmin, respectively. For all but MIB at the low level, there was a marked improvement in agreement between laboratories from 2001 to 2004. However, we recommend use of common analytical standards in order to potentially further reduce interlaboratory variability.
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Wu, Yuan Yuan, Hai Yan, Xiao Lu Liu, Qian Qian Xu, Xue Yao Yin, and Ning Ning Yang. "Isolation of a Novel Bacterium for the Efficient Biodegradation of 2-Methylisoborneol." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.344.

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2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is one of typical odorants in potable water sources, which is hardly removed by conventional water treatment process. A large number of studies have shown it is bio-degradable, but theory of biodegradation is not explicit. In this study, a promising bacterial strain for biodegrading 2-MIB was successfully isolated from a bioreactor for the efficient biodegradation of 2-MIB and identified as Arthrobacter ureafaciens-YW with 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological analysis, which is not previously reported. 35% of 2-MIB was biodegraded in 2 d at initial 2-MIB concentration of 50 μg/L. In addition, in the presence of nicotinamide of 20 mmol/L, the rate of 2-MIB biodegradation by A. ureafaciens-YW can be increased by 5%. This study is very important in the basic research and application in the efficient removal of 2-MIB from potable water sources.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "2-Methylisoborneol (MIB)"

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Ludwig, Frank. "Charakterisierung geruchsstoffproduzierender, benthischer Cyanobakterien in Trinkwassertalsperren des Erzgebirges." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-100488.

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Geruchsstoffe in Trinkwassergewinnungsanlagen stellen ein weltweit auftretendes Problem dar und führen in der Regel zu einer Kostenintensivierung bei der Aufbereitung des Rohwassers. Die den erdig-muffigen Geschmack des Wassers verursachenden, hauptsächlichsten Substanzen Geosmin und 2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) sind schon in einem Konzentrationsbereich von 1-10 ng/L wahrnehmbar. Da das Trinkwasser Geruchs- und Geschmacksneutral sein soll, müssen im Zuge der Rohwasseraufbereitung die Geruchsstoffe entfernt werden. Geruchsstoffe können durch verschiedene Mikroorganismen wie Cyanobakterien, Aktinomyceten, Streptomyceten oder auch Algen gebildet werden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit stellte daher die Identifikation von cyanobakteriellen Geruchsstoffbildnern in den drei sächsischen Trinkwassertalsperren Klingenberg, Cranzahl und Saidenbach dar. Das Hauptaugenmerk lag auf der Charakterisierung der vorkommenden benthischen Cyanobakterien. Neben deren Abhängigkeit von der Trophie des Gewässers sollte das Artenspektrum der benthischen Cyanobakterien untersucht werden sowie eine Identifikation erfolgen, welche Geruchsstoffe sie synthetisieren bzw. freisetzen. Dazu erfolgte die Gewinnung von Isolaten benthischer Cyanobakterien anhand von Proben, die aus den Talsperren entnommen wurden. Die anschließende Charakterisierung der Isolate wurde sowohl auf morphologischer als auch auf molekularbiologischer Ebene durch die partielle Sequenzierung der rbcL- und geoA-Gene durchgeführt. Ein weiteres Ziel bestand darin, die Fähigkeit zur Bildung von Geosmin und 2-MIB nachzuweisen. Dazu sollten ausgewählte Isolate, zur Abschätzung des Geruchsstoff-Bildungspotentials der Cyanobakterien in der Talsperre, unter verschiedenen Laborbedingungen kultiviert und auf die Bildung und Freisetzung von Geruchsstoffen hin untersucht sowie der Einfluss der Beleuchtung durch verschiedene Lichtfarben bzw. Spektren und des Mediums bestimmt werden. Zusätzliche Fragestellungen stellten die Identifikation spezifischer Gene sowie die Entwicklung eines geeigneten Primersystems und gegebenenfalls der Nachweis einer Korrelation zur Geruchsstoffbildung dar. Anhand der Klima- und der physikalischen Daten sollten mögliche Einflussgrößen auf die Geruchsstoffproduktion durch benthische Cyanobakterien aufgezeigt werden. Durch regelmäßige Probenahmen wie auch Kamerabefahrungen in Zusammenarbeit mit der Landestalsperrenverwaltung Sachsen wurde die Entwicklung des von Cyanobakterien dominierten Phytobenthos in drei Talsperren verfolgt und dokumentiert. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass dieses durch Vertreter der Gattungen Oscillatoria und Phormidium dominiert wurde. Im Verlauf der Untersuchungen konnten mehrere Massenentwicklungen von Cyanobakterien verfolgt werden. Die Abnahme des Staupegels ist in Verbindung mit der Sonneneinstrahlung die möglicherweise wichtigste Stellgröße für eine Massenentwicklung benthischer Cyanobakterien und einem damit verbundenen Anstieg des Geruchsstoff-Gehalts im Roh- bzw. Oberflächenwasser. Die Analyse der Entwicklung der Cyanobakterien unter natürlichen Bedingungen stellt aufgrund der großen Varianz der Einfluss nehmenden Parameter eine sehr komplexe Aufgabe dar. Daher wurden zur umfangreicheren Analyse der Herkunft der Geruchsstoffe Cyanobakterien isoliert. Dadurch wurde es möglich, das Geruchsstoff-Bildungspotential näher zu charakterisieren. Die erhaltenen Isolate wurden durch morphologische Merkmale bestimmt und molekularbiologisch durch partielle Sequenzierung des rbcL-Gens klassifiziert. Weiterhin erfolgte der analytische Nachweis von Geruchsstoffen in der Biomasse der Cyanobakterien sowie im Kultivierungsmedium. Der Nachweis von Geosmin in der Biomasse konnte hoch signifikant mit dem PCR-Nachweis von geoA korreliert werden. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Besitz von geoA zu einer deutlich stärkeren Bildung und Freisetzung des Geruchsstoffs führt. Für das unter natürlichen Bedingungen ebenfalls auftretende 2-MIB konnten dagegen keine gesicherten cyanobakteriellen Produzenten identifiziert werden. 2003 wurde die Funktionalität des Gens cyc2 in Streptomyceten durch Gust et al. beschrieben. Auf dieser Grundlage konnte ein degeneriertes Primersystem zum Nachweis eines Stoffwechselgens (geoA) bei Cyanobakterien entwickelt werden. Die Biomasse des Isolats Phormidium sp. P2r aus der Talsperre Saidenbach enthielt einerseits in besonders großen Mengen intrazelluläres Geosmin. Andererseits konnten aber auch im Kultivierungsmedium hohe Geosminkonzentrationen ermittelt werden. Durch die Anwendung des etablierten Primersystems konnte mit der isolierten, genomischen DNA dieses Cyanobakteriums ein Amplifikat erhalten und sequenziert werden. Durch die Anwendung weiterer Protokolle, wie beispielsweise degenerierte Primersysteme oder des Vectorette-Ansatzes konnte der bekannte Sequenzbereich deutlich vergrößert werden. Dabei stellte es sich heraus, dass Phormidium sp. P2r zwei sehr ähnliche Gene (geoA1 und geoA2) besitzt, die vermutlich koreguliert werden. Die mRNA-Expressionsuntersuchungen bestätigten die Expression beider Gene bei Licht und einer Temperatur im Bereich von 10 - 20 °C. Nach einer 24stündigen Dunkelphase konnte die Bildung der geoA-mRNA hingegen nicht mehr nachgewiesen werden, was die Vermutung bestätigt, dass die Aktivität der Gene reguliert und nicht konstitutiv ist. Eine Verbindung der Synthese von Geosmin zur Photosysnthese ist aber dennoch fraglich. Die molekularbiologische Bestimmung der Diversität von geoA in Proben des Phytobenthos aus der Talsperre Klingenberg offenbarte eine große Vielfalt unterschiedlicher Sequenzen. Dies könnte auf vielfältigste Geosmin produzierende Mikroorganismen hinweisen. Das Geruchsstoff-Bildungspotential der isolierten und charakterisierten Cyanobakterien wurde unter verschiedenen Testbedingungen ermittelt. Dabei wurde vor allem der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Nährstoffkonzentrationen sowie Lichtfarben einschließlich UV-Strahlung untersucht. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass alle getesteten Stämme zur Geosmin-Freisetzung befähigt waren und sich das Freisetzungsniveau massiv in Abhängigkeit des Besitzes von geoA unterschied. Bei grünem Licht, welches auch in den untersuchten Talsperren den dominierenden Spektralanteil im Wasserkörper darstellt, wurde neben dem Tageslicht das beste Wachstum benthischer Cyanobakterien ermittelt. Letztendlich konnte durch die Laborexperimente eine variable Geosminbildung sowie ein unterschiedlicher Einfluss der Testbedingungen festgestellt werden. In der Talsperre Klingenberg konnte im Juni 2007 ein Gehalt von bis zu mehr als 70 ng Geosmin/L Oberflächenwasser bei einer Geruchsschwellenkonzentration von 1 ng/L (Young et al., 1996) ermittelt werden. Die Herkunft dieses Geruchsstoffs kann mit den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit eindeutig den benthischen Cyanobakterien zugeordnet werden. Von besonderer Bedeutung war die Feststellung, dass der Besitz von geoA unter den benthischen Cyanobakterien der drei untersuchten Talsperren mit etwa 33 % der unterschiedlichen rbcL-Genotypen nicht weit verbreitet war. Die Rolle der anderen Cyanobakterien darf jedoch nicht unterschätzt werden, da z. B. hohe Geruchsstoff-Konzentrationen in der Talsperre Klingenberg bei einer deutlichen Dominanz von Oscillatoria sp. zustande kamen, aber alle als Oscillatoria klassifizierten Isolate geoA negativ waren. Eine Vorhersage der Entwicklung benthischer Cyanobakterien in den Talsperren kann auch mit den Ergebnissen dieser Arbeit nicht getroffen werden. Dazu ist die Reaktion der Cyanobakterien auf unterschiedliche Umweltfaktoren wie diese bei der Geruchsstoff-Bildung getestet wurden zu mannigfaltig. Wenn Cyanobakterien im Phytobenthos der Talsperren nachweisbar sind, könnte eine Prognose zur weiteren Entwicklung unter Berücksichtigung der zu erwartenden Veränderungen der Rahmenbedingungen, wie vor allem des Staupegels gegeben werden. Zur Ausbildung stabiler Cyanobakterien-Matten wie diese in der Talsperre Cranzahl 2007 vorhanden waren, ist sicherlich eine längerfristige Stabilität verschiedener und bislang noch unbekannter Rahmenbedingungen nötig. Obwohl die Dominanz der Cyanobakterien bei der Bildung von Geruchsstoffen im Phytobenthos in ähnlichen Habitaten auf Grund dieser Untersuchungen nicht mehr in Frage gestellt werden wird, ist dennoch die Möglichkeit gegeben, dass möglicherweise unter anderen Voraussetzungen und Bedingungen auch andere, nicht näher untersuchte Mikroorganismengruppen wie Aktinomyceten intensiv Geruchsstoffe in Talsperren bilden könnten.
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Wu, Danyang. "Quantitative Analysis of Earthy and Musty Odors in Drinking Water Sources Impacted by Wastewater and Algal Derived Contaminants." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1343941566.

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Kim, Soo Myung. "Understanding and predicting 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) adsorption by granular activated carbon and process selection approaches for controlling taste and odor." Connect to online resource, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3256447.

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Tran, Hoang Nguyen. "Removal of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol from drinking water by UV/Tio2 treatment." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/805541.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) are taste and odour compounds commonly present in drinking water. Their presence can be detected even at the nanogram-per-litre level, and at such low concentrations they are not readily removed by conventional water treatment processes. Consequently, alternative treatment processes are needed that add significant cost to the water treatment option. Recently, it has been found that UV/TiO2 photocatalysis is capable of degrading geosmin and MIB, and because TiO2 is relatively cheap UV/TiO2 photocatalysis is a possible commercial treatment option. However, the reaction kinetics and mechanisms are not well understood, which limits current development. This study was aimed at gaining a better understanding of kinetics and mechanisms of the photocatalytic degradation of geosmin and MIB by UV/TiO2. It sought to undertake an extensive experimental investigation to quantify the influence of TiO2 type, TiO2 loading, geosmin and MIB concentration, UV intensity, mixing condition, pH and presence of additives (bicarbonate, alcohols and humic acid) on the removal of geosmin and MIB. Before embarking on the experiments, however, a rapid and cost-effective methodology for the quantification of geosmin and MIB at the nanogram-per-litre level was required. Consequently, a solid phase micro-extraction technique coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis was developed. Briefly, accurate and reproducible measurements were achieved with biphenyl-d10 as the internal standard and preconditioning the fibre prior to the adsorption stage. Optimum extraction temperature and duration were found to be 270oC and 30 minutes, respectively. Once the quantitative detection process was in place geosmin and MIB degradation experiments were carried out using various commercial TiO2 photocatalysts, including Degussa P25 and Millennium PCs with different specific surface areas. All these photocatalyst were found to be effective to remove geosmin and MIB, with Degussa P25 giving the best performance. Interestingly, there was no apparent correlation between the specific surface area of the photocatalyst particle and the degradation rate. A reason for this is possibly related to the agglomeration occurring when the material is suspended in water. The experiments examining the degradation rate of geosmin and MIB involved both suspended and immobilised TiO2 systems. Dark adsorption studies showed that there was negligible adsorption of either geosmin or MIB onto the TiO2 surface. This observation was supported by zeta potential measurements which identified repulsion between the different surfaces. The degradation rate of both geosmin and MIB involving the activation of TiO2 photocatalyst with UV light followed a first-order kinetic processes with respect to TiO2 loading, geosmin and MIB concentration, pH, UV intensity and mixing condition. The degradation rates for the suspended Degussa P25 photocatalyst exhibited energy efficiencies comparable to those of existing treatment processes such as hydrogen peroxide/UV. The mechanistic studies focused on understanding the generation process for hydroxyl radicals. It was found that the presence of bicarbonate and alcohols, that are known hydroxyl radical scavengers, resulted in a decrease in the degradation rates of both geosmin and MIB. The increased negative effect bicarbonate
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Clercin, Nicolas André. "Origin and Fate of Odorous Metabolites, 2-Methylisoborneol and Geosmin, in a Eutrophic Reservoir." Diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/19442.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Taste-and-Odor (T&O) occurrences are a worldwide problem and can locally have extensive socio-economic impacts in contaminated waterbodies. Tracing odorous compounds in surface waters or controlling the growth of producing organisms is particularly challenging. These approaches require the understanding of complex interactions between broad climate heterogeneity, large-scale physical processes such basin hydrology, lake/reservoir circulation, responses of aquatic ecosystems and communities. Eagle Creek Reservoir (ECR), a eutrophic water body, located in central Indiana experiences annual odorous outbreaks of variable durations and intensities that can impair its water quality. Two major compounds, 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin, have been identified as the main culprits occurring seasonally when the reservoir receives high discharges and nutrient loads from its main tributaries. Under these conditions, the growth of T&O-producing bacteria tends to take over other phytoplanktic organisms. Discrete samples collected within the water column during severe outbreaks in 2013 revealed that some bacterioplankton members belonging to Actinobacteria (Streptomyces) and Cyanobacteria (Planktothrix) were involved in the generation of T&O compounds. Most of this production occurred in the upper layers of the water column where higher abundances of key enzymes from MIB and geosmin metabolic pathways were detected. Application of a copper-based algaecide to curb the biosynthesis of bacterial metabolites led to geosmin production (linked to Cyanobacteria) being quickly terminated, whereas MIB levels (linked to Actinobacteria) lingered for several weeks after the algaecide treatment. Significant chemical differences in the association of these metabolites were measured in ECR. Geosmin was dominantly found cell-bound and settling after cellular death increases susceptibility to biodegradation in bottom sediments. MIB was mostly found dissolved making it less susceptible to biodegradation in bottom sediments. Genetic data identified Novosphingobium hassiacum and Sphingomonas oligophenolica (α- Proteobacteria) as potential degraders of geosmin and, four Flavobacterium species (Bacteroidetes) as potential MIB degraders. The role of Eagle Creek natural sediments in the removal of bacterial metabolites via chemical adsorption was also tested but was not proven efficient. Bacterial breakdown activity was demonstrated to be the major loss mechanism of MIB and geosmin.
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6

Hathurusingha, Arachchige Priyantha Indrajith. "Predictive modelling and experimental studies on taste-taint as geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) in farmed barramundi (Lates calcarifer)." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/98256.

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Fish farming with Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) is becoming widespread to fill the demand gap due to diminishing wild caught sea foods. Barramundi fish has a high demand as a premium Australian seafood, and is grown as an RAS farmed-fish. However, the accumulation of ‘earthy’ or ‘muddy’ off-flavours due to taint accumulation as geosmin (GSM) or 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) in the fish-flesh of is a major concern. Inconsistent quality of farmed barramundi has been identified as a major issue in buyer resistance. Established predictive models for chemical taint in fish-flesh have been based on steady-state assumptions. However, it was thought debatable as to whether a steady-state assumption could be upheld i.e. there was no evidence that the net chemicals exchange is zero across the fish body and RAS water phase. Against this background, an original, new and quantitative model that predicts the time dependent concentration of taste-taint chemicals as GSM and MIB in harvested fish-flesh was developed (Hathurusingha & Davey, 2013; Hathurusingha & Davey, 2014; Davey & Hathurusingha, 2014). This model is based on conservation of mass and energy, and thermodynamic processes established in (bio)chemical engineering with chemical uptake and elimination routes into and from the fish considered. The model was simulated for two RAS species, barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) with independent data (n ≥ 14) and showed good agreement with experimental observations. A major benefit of this new model is that simulations can be used to investigate a range of growth protocols in RAS farming to minimize taint in fish-flesh. An advantage is that it can readily be simulated in standard spread-sheeting tools by users with a range of sophistication. Extensive experimental testing of the new model was carried out in both pilot- and commercial-scale plants using low concentrations (≤ 10 mg L⁻¹) of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as a benign biocide to limit natural occurring taste-taint chemicals in the RAS growth water, and subsequently into the fish-flesh. A dedicated methodology and new dosing apparatus (ProMinent Fluid Control Pty Ltd, Germany) for controlled H₂O₂ dosing was developed. The analyses of taste-taint chemicals as GSM and MIB in water and fish-flesh was carried out with Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction (SPME) followed by Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) (skills training was obtained at both the University of Laval and University of Waterloo, Canada). Preliminary investigations with a low concentration of H₂O₂ (5 mg L⁻¹) in pilot-scale (2,500 L) studies with barramundi fish demonstrated its potential to mitigate development of GSM and MIB in RAS water. It was found that controlled dosing of low concentrations of H₂O₂ did not impact the pH level in growth waters and was not detrimental to the health and well-being of the fish as fingerlings (0.01 kg) and until harvest at 240 days (0.8 kg). Additional benefits of H₂O₂ as benign biocide include a fish product of whiter colour, an increased dissolved oxygen concentration (Cₒₓ) in the growth water, a reduction in the number of gill flukes, and improved particles distribution with increased C:N ratio, and; improved availability of organic carbon in the growth water. Based on these preliminary investigations H₂O₂ was ‘optimised’ at a (low) concentration of 2.5 mg L⁻¹ as a benign biocide. This was investigated in commercial-scale studies (conducted at Barra Fresh Farm, South Australia) for a typical growth of 240 day for barramundi as the selected RAS fish. The emerging risk methodology of Davey and co-workers (e.g. Chandrakash et al., 2015) was applied for the first time to investigate quantitatively the impact of naturally occurring fluctuations in taste-taint chemicals in the RAS water and their accumulation in the fish-flesh. This predictive approach was justified because of the prohibitively expensive time and analytical costs that experimental studies would have necessitated. A Refined Monte Carlo (with Latin Hypercube) simulation of GSM and MIB in the growth water (Cᴡ), water temperature (T) and growth time (t) was used to simulate typical RAS farmed barramundi. It was found in RAS farming of barramundi it would be expected some 10.10 % of all 240 day harvests, averaged over the long term, would result in fish with taste-taint as GSM above the desired consumer rejection threshold concentration (0.74 μg kg⁻¹) due to natural fluctuations in an uncontrolled RAS environment. For MIB this predicted failure rate was 10.56 % (Hathurusingha & Davey, 2016). The vulnerability to taste-taint failure as GSM and MIB was shown to be principally controlled by the time to fish harvest, and to a lesser extent by concentration and fluctuation of these taint chemicals in the RAS water. This work was of practical benefit because growth time can be readily controlled by farmers. The methodology appears generalizable and therefore is applicable to a range of RAS farmed fish (and possible crustaceans e.g. prawns- Macrobrachium sp.). In extensive commercial-scale RAS studies with barramundi and controlled H2O2 dosing, fish grown from fingerlings to harvest at 240 day was investigated. This was to observe an entire production cycle. Results from a H₂O₂ ‘treated’ growth tank (30,000 L) were compared directly with those obtained from an identical ‘control’ tank (30,000 L). Increased organic matter (three (3) to four (4) times pilot-scale findings) reduced H₂O₂ efficacy through inhibiting generation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). This is thought to be a consequence of the need to scale (48 times volume) the pilot-scale studies for in-tank mixing. Analyses of fish-flesh (n ≥ 167) showed (moderate) predicted exponential correlation between taste-taint concentrations in the fish-flesh and the growth-mass of the fish for both GSM and MIB as predicted. In addition, the research findings highlighted that accumulation of taste-taint compounds was mainly governed by the combined effect of mass of the fish (mᵳ) and taste-taint concentrations in the growth water (Cᴡ). Comparisons between the model predictions and experimental observations showed good agreement over the range of low taste-taint concentration (0 to 2, μg kg⁻¹), especially below the consumer rejection threshold (~ 0.7 μg kg⁻¹). However, a minor anomaly was an over-prediction for greater concentrations (2 to 11, μg kg⁻¹). Current predictions are therefore conservative or ‘safe’ by about 20 %. Possible reasons for over prediction might be attributed to rapid fluctuation of taste-taint concentration in growth water with growth time and different (exponential) growth constants shown by larger and smaller fish, and; errors in obtaining representative samples from fish-flesh. Model predictions and experiments further highlighted that the new model could be meaningfully applied to RAS systems with lower variations and/or lower taste-taint concentrations in RAS growth water. These theoretical and experimental results are the first for RAS farmed fish covering an entire production period to harvest. Approval for this research was gained from both The University of Adelaide Animal Ethics Committee Science and, Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (see Appendices F and G). Research findings will be of immediate benefit to RAS farmers, fish processors and risk analysts in foods processing.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Chemical Engineering, 2016.
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7

Howard, Chase Steven. "Taste And Odor Event Dynamics Of A Midwestern Freshwater Reservoir." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/24610.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Eagle Creek Reservoir (ECR), located in the Midwestern U.S., is a freshwater limnic system plagued by seasonal Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) which generate water-fouling Geosmin (GSM) and 2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) Taste and Odor (T&O) compounds. Past investigations of T&O event dynamics have identified Actinomycetes as responsible for MIB production and several genera of cyanobacteria for GSM production. During 2018, a temporally and spatially expansive sampling regimen of the reservoir was carried out and a battery of biological, chemical, physical, and hyperspectral experiments performed. The resulting data was analyzed using time series, cross-correlation, lag time, and multivariate analyses as well as machine learning algorithms to pick apart and interrogate any relationships between HABs, T&O events, and environmental parameters. The results show that local weather and watershed conditions exert significant control over the state of the reservoir and the behavior of the algal community. GSM and MIB peaked during early May under well-mixed, cold, and nutrient-rich water column conditions, then declined under summer thermal stratification before making a small resurgence during late season mixing. Bloom die-off and decay was effectively ruled out as a mechanism controlling T&O concentrations, and no links were found between T&O concentrations and algal biomass. Strong evidence was found that GSM/MIB concentrations were a response by bloom microbes to changing nutrient conditions within the reservoir, and it was determined that nutrient fluxes from the watershed 30-40 days prior to peak T&O concentrations are likely instrumental in the development of the slow- ix growing microbes characteristic of the reservoir. Attempts were made to assess spatial and temporal variability but no significant spatial differences were identified; differences between sampling sites were far smaller than differences between different sampling dates. The findings here add to the growing body of literature showing T&O and HAB dynamics are more closely linked to the relative abundance and speciation of nutrients than other parameters. Additionally, these findings carry important implications for the management of ECR and other similar freshwater reservoirs while highlighting the importance of reducing watershed eutrophication.
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Conference papers on the topic "2-Methylisoborneol (MIB)"

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Li, Xueyan, Yong Huang, and Dongtian Wang. "Efficiency and Mechanism of Degradation of 2-Methylisoborneol(2-Mib) by O3/H2O2 in Water." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516282.

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Reports on the topic "2-Methylisoborneol (MIB)"

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Conrady, Morgan, Markus Bauer, Kyoo Jo, Donald Cropek, and Ryan Busby. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol in volatile emissions from soil disturbance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42289.

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A method is described here for the concentration and determination of geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) from the gaseous phase, with translation to field collection and quantification from soil disturbances in situ. The method is based on the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers for adsorption of volatile chemicals from the vapor phase, followed by desorption into a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) for analysis. The use of a SPME fiber allows simple introduction to the GC-MS without further sample preparation. Several fiber sorbent types were studied and the 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS was the best performer to maximize the detected peak areas of both analytes combined. Factors such as extraction temperature and time along with desorption temperature and time were explored with respect to analyte recovery. An extraction temperature of 30 ◦C for 10 min, with a desorption temperature of 230 ◦C for 4 min was best for the simultaneous analysis of both geosmin and 2-MIB without complete loss of either one. The developed method was used successfully to measure geosmin and 2-MIB emission from just above disturbed and undisturbed soils, indicating that this method detects both compounds readily from atmospheric samples. Both geosmin and 2-MIB were present as background concentrations in the open air, while disturbed soils emitted much higher concentrations of both compounds. Surprisingly, 2-MIB was always detected at higher concentrations than geosmin, indicating that a focus on its detection may be more useful for soil emission monitoring and more sensitive to low levels of soil disturbance.
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