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Journal articles on the topic '2-DPA'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Mao, Fu-Lin, Jian-Qing Tao, and Chun-Hua Dai. "Syntheses and structural characterization of coordination polymers of Cu(II) and Zn(II) chlorobenzoates and bis(pyridin-4-yl)-substituted species." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 70, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2014-0193.

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AbstractThe reaction of Cu(II) nitrate with sodium 2-chlorobenzoate (NaL1) and (E)-1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethene (dpe) yields a new complex [Cu(L1)2(dpe)(H2O)] (1). When Zn(II) nitrate reacts with sodium 4-chlorobenzoate (NaL2) and 1,2-di(pyridin-4-yl)ethane (dpa), [Zn(L2)2(dpa)]·CH3OH (2) is obtained. Complexes 1 and 2 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and elemental and thermogravimetric analyses. 1 shows a 3D CdS network structure with uninodal 4-connected (65.8) topology; complex 2 displays a chain structure.

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2

Lescouëzec, Rodrigue, Gabriela Marinescu, M. Carmen Muñoz, Dominique Luneau, Marius Andruh, Francesc Lloret, Juan Faus, et al. "[Cr(dpa)(ox)2]–: a new bis-oxalato building block for the design of heteropolymetallic systems. Crystal structures and magnetic properties of PPh4[Cr(dpa)(ox)2], AsPh4[Cr(dpa)(ox)2], Hdpa[Cr(dpa)(ox)2]·4H2O, Rad[Cr(dpa)(ox)2]·H2O and Sr[Cr(dpa)(ox)2]2·8H2O (dpa = 2,2′-dipyridylamine)." New Journal of Chemistry 25, no. 10 (2001): 1224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b104469a.

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3

Ashenhurst, James, Lorenzo Brancaleon, Shu Gao, Wang Liu, Hartmut Schmider, Suning Wang, Gang Wu, and Q. G. Wu. "Blue Luminescent Organoaluminum Compounds: Al(CH3)2(dpa), Al2(CH3)5(dpa)2, Al4(O)2(CH3)6(dpa)2, and Al(pfap)3, dpa = Deprotonated Di-2-pyridylamine, pfap = Deprotonated 2-Pentafluoroanilinopyridine." Organometallics 17, no. 24 (November 1998): 5334–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om980536h.

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4

Zeng, Xi-Rui, Xiao-Niu Fang, Shie-Ming Peng, and Hsiu-Mei Lin. "Bis(μ-di-2-pyridylaminato 1-oxide)bis[(trifluoroacetato)copper(II)] acetonitrile disolvate." Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 59, no. 11 (October 31, 2003): m497—m498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s010827010302064x.

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The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu2(C2F3O2)2(C10H8N3O)2]·2CH3CN, contains discrete [Cu2(CF3COO)2(O-dpa)2] molecules (O-dpaH is di-2-pyridylamine 1-oxide) which have imposed crystallographic twofold symmetry and an acetonitrile molecule of solvation. The O-dpa− ligand is both bidentate and bridging, linking two Cu atoms with a separation of 3.4270 (11) Å. Each Cu atom is surrounded by four coordinated atoms that are almost coplanar, with dimensions Cu—N = 1.940 (2) and 1.984 (3) Å, and Cu—O = 1.912 (2) and 1.945 (2) Å.

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5

Du, Miao, Ya-Mei Guo, Shen-Tan Chen, Xian-He Bu, and Joan Ribas. "Crystal structures, spectra and magnetic properties of di-2-pyridylamine (dpa) CuII complexes [Cu(dpa)2(N3)2]·(H2O)2 and [Cu2(μ-ox)(dpa)2(CH3CN)2](ClO4)2." Inorganica Chimica Acta 346 (March 2003): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(02)01430-5.

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6

Wang, Hui, Xian‐Fu Zheng, Xiao‐Qing Shen, Hong‐Yun Zhang, Rui Yang, Hong‐Wei Hou, and Yu Zhu. "Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Ni(II) and Cu(II) Complexes with dpa and dca: [Ni(dpa)2(dca)2] and [Cu(dpa)2(dca)2] (dpa=2, 2′‐Dipyridylamine, dca=Sodium Dicyanamide) Ligands." Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 36, no. 8 (September 1, 2006): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15533170600910355.

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7

Bose, Doyel, Sk Hafijur Rahaman, Golam Mostafa, Rosa D. Bailey Walsh, Michael J. Zaworotko, and Barindra K. Ghosh. "Synthesis, structure and properties of [Zn(dpa)(N3)2] and [Zn(dpa)(N3)(NO3)]2 (dpa=2,2′-dipyridylamine): composition tailored architectures." Polyhedron 23, no. 4 (February 2004): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2003.10.012.

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8

Clérac, Rodolphe, F. Albert Cotton, Kim R. Dunbar, Tongbu Lu, Carlos A. Murillo, and Xiaoping Wang. "New Linear Tricobalt Complex of Di(2-pyridyl)amide (dpa), [Co3(dpa)4(CH3CN)2][PF6]2†." Inorganic Chemistry 39, no. 14 (July 2000): 3065–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic000042o.

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9

Rinaldi, Ana Elisa Madalena, and Wolney Lisboa Conde. "Secular trends in dietary patterns of young children in Brazil from 1996 to 2006." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 16 (August 15, 2017): 2937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017001938.

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AbstractObjectiveTo describe dietary patterns (DP) from 1996 to 2006 and in the first 5 years of life and to explore individual and contextual characteristics associated with each DP.DesignDP were defined by principal component analysis. The association between DP and individual (sociodemographic, maternal and child) and contextual (geographic regional and year) characteristics was analysed by multilevel analysis.SettingTwo complex probabilistic Brazilian Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS 1996, 2006).SubjectsBrazilian children under 5 years of age.ResultsDP1 included yoghurt, vegetables, fruits, tubers, red meat. DP2 included liquids, milk, fruits, egg/chicken/fish, red meat, breast milk (negative loading). DP3 included fruit juices, ‘papilla’, yoghurt, red meat (negative loading). DP4 included formulas, milk, enriched ‘papilla’, egg/chicken/fish (negative loading). DP prevalence within the age range from 1996 to 2006 remained constant for DP1; increased after 12 and 6 months, respectively, for DP2 and DP3; and decreased for DP4. DP1 was explained by higher maternal education, wealth, lower number of children at home; DP2 by living in rural area and younger mothers; and DP4 by lower maternal education and wealth. The total variance of the model attributable to geographic region was 30·2, 20·7 and 54·2 % for DP2, DP3 and DP4, respectively.ConclusionsDP trends observed from 1996 to 2006 show positive aspects, such as: maintenance of DP1 as the main DP after 12 months; an increase in the prevalence of DP2 and DP3 followed by a decrease of DP4 after 6 months. DP1 is explained mainly by socio-economic factors, regardless of contextual characteristics, and DP2, DP3, DP4 are partially explained by contextual effects.

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10

RIAHI, SIAVASH, MOHAMMAD REZA GANJALI, ABDOLMAJID BAYANDORI MOGHADDAM, and PARVIZ NOROUZI. "THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF (E)-3-(4, 5-DIHYDROXY-2-(PHENYLSULPHONYL) PHENYL) ACRYLIC ACID AS A NEW CAFFEIC ACID DERIVATIVE." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 06, no. 02 (June 2007): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633607003052.

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The electrode potentials of (E)-3-(4,5-dihydroxy-2-(phenylsulphonyl) phenyl) acrylic acid (DPA), as a new caffeic acid derivative, in aqueous solution have been calculated. DPA has two geometric structures, cis and trans. Since the cis structure of caffeic is unstable, it cannot be found in nature, but in this research, its electrode potential have been calculated theoretically. The calculations have been performed using ab initio molecular orbital calculations (HF), and density functional theory (DFT) with the inclusion of entropic and thermochemical corrections to yield free energies of redox reactions. The electrode potential was also obtained experimentally by means of an electrochemical technique (cyclic voltammetry) and it was 335 mV for trans structure. The theoretical and experimental values for the electrode potential of the studied molecule are in excellent agreement. Geometric parameters and vibrational frequencies values of DPA and (2E)-3-(3,4-dioxo-6-(phenylsulfonyl) cyclohexa-1,5-dienyl)acrylic acid (DPDA is the oxidized form of DPA), were computed using same methods. The calculated IR spectrum of DPA used for the assignment of IR frequencies was observed in the experimental FT-IR spectrum. Correlations between theoretical and experimental vibrational frequencies of DPA molecule were 0.996. The agreement mutually verifies the accuracy of the experimental method and the validity of the applied mathematical model.

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11

Carranza, José, Jorunn Sletten, Francesc Lloret, and Miguel Julve. "Preparation, crystal structure and magnetic properties of di-2-pyridylamine (dpa) copper(II) complexes [Cu(dpa)(N3)2]n and [Cu2(dpa)2(NCO)4]." Journal of Molecular Structure 890, no. 1-3 (November 2008): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.11.034.

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12

Zhang, Yousheng, Steven R. Breeze, Suning Wang, John E. Greedan, N. P. Raju, and Lijuan Li. "Polynuclear Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes of tetraacetylethane: CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(O2CCF3)2, {[CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(4,4'-bipy)](O2CCF3)2}n, and [CoII2(dpa)4(tae)](O2CCH3)2(H2O)2, dpa = 2,2'-dipyridylamine, tae = tetraacetylethane dianion." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 1424–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-146.

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The syntheses and structures of copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes employing tetraacetylethane as the bridging ligand have been investigated. The reaction of Cu(O2CCF3)2 with tetraacetylethane (tae) and 2,2'-dipyridylamine (dpa) yielded a dinuclear complex CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(O2CCF3)2 (1), which has an extended hydrogen-bonded chain structure in the solid state. The reaction of 4,4'-dipyridyl (4,4'-bipy) with compound 1 resulted in the formation of a polymeric compound {[CuII2(dpa)2(tae)(4,4'-bipy)](O2CCF3)2}n (2), where the dinuclear unit is cross-linked by the 4,4'-dipyridyl ligand. The reaction of Co(O2CCH3)2 with tetraacetylethane and 2,2'-dipyridylamine yielded a helical dinuclear complex [CoII2(dpa)4(tae)](O2CCH3)2(H2O)2 (3), which forms a hydrogen-bonded band architecture in the solid state. The three-dimensional structure of 3 has molecular sieve-like channels that host methanol molecules reversibly. While only either negligible or weak magnetic exchanges appear to be present in compounds 1 and 2, there appears to be a significant ferromagnetic exchange in 3, which is likely caused by orbital orthogonality of the Co(II) ions, as supported by the crystal structure and EHMO calculations.Key words: cobalt, copper, polynuclear, tetraacetylethane complex, magnetism.

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13

Wentzel, Andreas, Maruf Hossain, Dimitri Stoppel, Nils Weimann, Viktor Krozer, and Wolfgang Heinrich. "An efficient W-band InP DHBT digital power amplifier." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 6 (March 14, 2017): 1241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717000198.

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This paper presents for the first time high-efficiency W-band power amplifiers (PAs), the design of which follows the digital PA (DPA) design concept. Two DPAs with different output networks have been realized: a single-band version (S-DPA) for 95 GHz and a dual-band design (D-DPA) for signal frequencies fSof 68 GHz (first band) and 76 GHz (second band), respectively. The PAs are realized as monolithic microwave-integrated circuits (MMICs) in a 0.8 μm InP DHBT transferred-substrate process. They utilize a double-emitter-finger DHBT unit cell with an emitter area of 2 × 0.8 × 6 μm3each. In contrast to the usual W-band PAs, the proposed single-stage amplifier MMICs do not apply any special reactive matching for the transistor, which leads to very compact chip sizes of 0.27 mm2(S-DPA) and 0.39 mm2(D-DPA). The S-DPA includes one band-pass filter (BPF) at the output with 0.6 dB insertion loss (IL) and 24 dB input return loss (RL) at the signal frequency of 95 GHz. The dual-band BPF shows 0.7 dB IL in both bands with a RL of more than 21 dB each. Applying an overdriven sinusoidal input signal to emulate digital operation the DPAs achieve a maximum output power of 14.4 dBm and power-added efficiency of 31% when using the single-band configuration. Collector efficiencies of more than 80% and the flexible multi-band operation demonstrated prove the great potential of the digital PA concept for future high-speed communications.

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14

Fandos, Rosa, Carolina Hernández, Antonio Otero, Ana Rodríguez, and Maria José Ruiz. "Synthesis and characterization of titanium and tantalum complexes with di(2-pyridyl)amine (dpa): Molecular structures of Cp*TaCl3(dpa) and Ti(NMe2)2(dpa)2." Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 690, no. 21-22 (November 2005): 4828–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jorganchem.2005.07.078.

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15

Bolze, Frédéric, Marc Drouin, Pierre D. Harvey, Claude P. Gros, Enrique Espinosa, and Roger Guilard. "X-ray structures and luminescence properties of Co(II) and Co(III) complexes of cofacial diporphyrins." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 07, no. 07 (July 2003): 474–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1088424603000604.

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The crystal structures of two face-to-face diporphyrin compounds based upon the DPA ligand (1,8-bis(5-(2,8,13,17-tetraethyl-3,7,12,18-tetramethyl-porphyrinyl))anthracene), i.e. H 4( DPA ) and ( DPA ) Co 2 are reported. The structural data are compared to that of other bimetallic DPA systems, and diporphyrinic Co complexes. In addition, the luminescence properties of ( OEP ) Co ( OEP = 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphyrin), H 2( DPA ) Co , H 2( DPA )( CoIm ) O 2, ( DPA ) Co 2, ( DPA )( CoIm )2 O 2 are reported, where Im is 1-t-butyl-5-phenyl imidazole. Contrary to previous literature reports, the Co (II) species are found to be weakly luminescent, where fluorescence is detected for both the mono- and diporphyrinic systems, and is assigned to emissions arising from the lowest 1 Q (ππ*) states, while phosphorescence is detected at 77 K only for the monoporphyrin species, ( OEP ) Co . On the other hand, the Co (III) complexes are not luminescent.

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16

Thushara, Nadini, Taniya Darshani, Sameera R. Samarakoon, Inoka C. Perera, Frank R. Fronczek, W. M. C. Sameera, and Theshini Perera. "Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of dipicolylamine sulfonamide derivatized platinum complexes as potential anticancer agents." RSC Advances 11, no. 29 (2021): 17658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra00842k.

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Three new Pt complexes, [PtCl₂(N(SO₂(2-nap))dpa)], [PtCl₂(N(SO₂(1-nap))dpa)] and [PtCl₂(N(SO₂pip)dpa)], containing a rare 8-membered ring were synthesized in good yield and high purity by utilizing ligands which contain a dipicolylamine moiety.

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17

Vural, Hatice, and İbrahim Uçar. "A combined theoretical and experimental study of chelidamate cadmium (II) complex, [Cd2(dpa)2(chel)2]⋅2[Cd(dpa)(chel)]⋅6H2O." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 136 (February 2015): 1298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.10.017.

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18

Lian, Xiao, and Bing Yan. "Novel core–shell structure microspheres based on lanthanide complexes for white-light emission and fluorescence sensing." Dalton Trans. 45, no. 6 (2016): 2666–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt03939h.

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A series of core–shell structure materials based on Ln-dpa complex and silica are prepared and the complex coating are generated on the surface of silica pheres successfully. The SiO₂@Ln-dpa exhibits excellent luminescence properties. Furthermore, SiO₂@Eu-dpa possesses highly selective and sensitive for acetone and Cu²⁺.

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19

Wang, Qi, Xiao-li Yu, Wan-sheng You, Yi Zhao, Cui-Ying Huang, and Zhen-gang Sun. "Two novel isomeric complexes supported by vanadates {V4O12}: [{Cu(dpa)2}2V4O12] (dpa=2,2′-dipyridylamine)." Inorganic Chemistry Communications 10, no. 12 (December 2007): 1465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2007.09.009.

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20

Mthembu, Lethiwe Debra, David Lokhat, and Nirmala Deenadayalu. "Catalytic condensation of depithed sugarcane bagasse derived levulinic acid into diphenolic acid." BioResources 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 2235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2235-2248.

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Levulinic acid (LA) is a platform chemical that can be produced from biomass. Diphenolic acid (DPA) is a derivative of LA with the potential to replace bisphenol A, a plasticizer. To determine the optimum conditions for DPA production, commercial LA was used with a mild environmentally benign acid, namely, methanesulfonic acid (MsOH). The optimized reaction parameters were time (6 h), temperature (75 °C), and catalyst loading (5.5 g), yielding 65.8% DPA at 90% LA conversion. The response surface methodology (RSM) study indicated that the temperature had the most significant effect on DPA yield, followed by time and catalyst loading. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the model was able to satisfactorily predict the DPA yield. To determine the effect of catalyst on DPA production from commercial LA, ionic liquids (ILs), MsOH, and sulfuric acid were used. IL catalysts produced 59 to 68% of DPA, MsOH produced 65.6% of DPA, and sulfuric acid produced the maximum DPA of 74%. The study of LA: phenol ratio revealed that more reactants (2:5) yielded the most DPA (86.35%). The optimized reaction conditions were then used to produce DPA from LA derived from depithed sugarcane bagasse (DSB), which yielded 64.5% of DPA.

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21

Zhang, Li-Juan, Yun-Shan Zhou, Zhi Yu, Guo-Su Fang, and Xiao-Zeng You. "Synthesis and structural characterization of two new polyoxometalate-based organic/inorganic charge-transfer hybrids 4(2,2′-DPA)·pseudo-α-H4SiMo12O40·4DMF·2H2O and 4(2, 2′-DPA)·pseudo-α-H4SiMo12O40·2H2O (2, 2′-DPA=2, 2′-dipyridylamine)." Journal of Molecular Structure 570, no. 1-3 (August 2001): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-2860(01)00468-9.

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22

Baker, Russell T., Damon Burton, Michael A. Pickering, and Amanda Start. "Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Disablement in the Physically Active Scale and Preliminary Testing of Short-Form Versions: A Calibration and Validation Study." Journal of Athletic Training 54, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-355-17.

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Context The Disablement in the Physically Active (DPA) scale is a patient-reported outcome instrument recommended for use in clinical practice and research. Analysis of the scale has indicated a need for further psychometric testing. Objective To assess the model fit of the original DPA scale using a larger and more diverse sample and explore the potential for a short-form (SF) version. Design Observational study. Setting Twenty-four clinical settings. Patients or Other Participants Responses were randomly split into 2 samples: sample 1 (n = 690: 353 males, 330 females, and 7 not reported; mean age = 23.1 ± 9.3 years, age range = 11–75 years) and sample 2 (n = 690: 351 males, 337 females, and 2 not reported; mean age = 22.9 ± 9.3 years, age range = 8–74 years). Participants were physically active individuals who were healthy or experiencing acute, subacute, or persistent musculoskeletal injury. Main Outcome Measure(s) Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to assess the factor structure of the original DPA scale. Exploratory factor, internal consistency, covariance modeling, correlational, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess potential DPA scale SFs. Results The subdimensions of the disablement construct were highly correlated (≥0.89). The fit indices for the DPA scale approached recommended levels, but the first-order correlational values and second-order path coefficients provided evidence for multicollinearity, suggesting that clear distinctions between the disablement subdimensions cannot be made. An 8-item, 2-dimensional solution and a 10-item, 3-dimensional solution were extracted to produce SF versions. The DPA SF-8 was highly correlated (r = 0.94, P ≤ .001, R2 = 0.88) with the DPA scale, and the fit indices exceeded all of the strictest recommendations. The DPA SF-10 was highly correlated (r = 0.97, P ≤ .001, R2 = 0.94) with the DPA scale, and its fit indices values also exceeded the strictest recommendations. Conclusions The DPA SF-8 and SF-10 are psychometrically sound alternatives to the DPA scale.

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23

Bose, Doyel, Golam Mostafa, Hoong-Kun Fun, and Barindra K. Ghosh. "The Mn(II)-2,2′-dipyridylamine-pseudohalide system: Synthesis, crystal structure and luminescence behaviour of [Mn(dpa)2(X)2]·H2O and [Mn(dpa)2(X)(OH2)]ClO4 (dpa=2,2′-dipyridylamine; , NCO−)." Polyhedron 24, no. 6 (April 2005): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2005.01.021.

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24

Setifi, Fatima, Jacqueline M. Knaust, Zouaoui Setifi, and Rachid Touzani. "Bis{bis(azido-κN)bis[bis(pyridin-2-yl-κN)amine]cobalt(III)} sulfate dihydrate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 4 (March 8, 2016): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016003662.

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The search for new molecular materials with interesting magnetic properties, using the pseudohalide azide ion and di-2-pyridylamine (dpa, C10H9N3) as a chelating ligand, led to the synthesis and structure determination of the title compound, [Co(N3)2(dpa)2]2SO4·2H2O. The crystal structure comprises discrete [Co(dpa)2(N3)2]+cations, sulfate anions, as well as H2O solvent molecules. The CoIIIcations display a slightly distorted octahedral coordination sphere defined by two N atoms from azide anions and four N atoms from the pyridyl rings of two dpa ligands. In the crystal, extensive C—H...O, N—H...O, and O—H...O interactions result in supramolecular sheets that lie parallel to theabplane. The sheets are further linked through O—H...N interactions between the water molecules of one sheet and azide anions of another sheet, forming a supramolecular framework.

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25

Aydin-Cantürk, Dilahan, and Hanne Nuss Max-Planck. "Synthesis, Structure Determination, and Magnetic Properties of [Cr3(dpa)4Cl2][CuCl2], a Compound Comprising a Trinuclear Chain Cation." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 67, no. 8 (August 1, 2012): 759–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/znb.2012-0163.

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The new compound [Cr3(dpa)4Cl2][CuCl2] (1) (dpa = di-2,2'-pyridylamido) was synthesized by reacting Cr2(dpa)4 and anhydrous CuCl2 in dry tetrahydrofuran. Partial oxidation of Cr2(dpa)4 by Cu(II) forms Cr3+ ions, which coordinate to the free N donor atoms of the dpa ligands, and led to the formation of a trinuclear chain cation [Cr3(dpa)4Cl2]+. Recrystallization from CH2Cl2/ethyl ether yielded dark-brown, block-shaped crystals suitable for X-ray structure determination (Pccn (no. 56), a=1246:8(5), b=1487:3(3), c=2184:8(1) pm, V =4051.6(8) ·106 pm3, Z =4). The crystal structure is composed of discrete [Cr3(dpa)4Cl2]+ cations and [CuCl2]- anions. The Cr3 chain comprises quadruply-bonded diamagnetic (Cr2)4+ dimers and a pseudo-octahedrally coordinated, paramagnetic Cr3+ ion, manifesting itself in the effective magnetic moment μeff of 3:54μB (d3, S = 3=2) and the almost ideal Curie-paramagnetic behavior observed between 2 and 300 K with a Weiss constant θ = -0:25(4)K and χ0 = 4:9(7)×10-4 emu mol-1

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Springsteen, Caleb H., and Robert L. LaDuca. "catena-Poly[[bis(thiocyanato-κN)cobalt(II)]-μ-di-4-pyridylamine-κ2 N:N′]." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 11 (October 12, 2007): m2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807049276.

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In the title compound, [Co(NCS)2(C10H9N3)], a CoII atom with tetrahedral coordination is bound by two N-donor thiocyanate anions and two N-donor atoms from two crystallographically distinct di-4-pyridylamine (dpa) ligands whose central NH units lie on twofold axes. The dpa ligands link the Co atoms into one-dimensional [Co(NCS)2(dpa)] n coordination polymer chains that propagate along the b-axis direction.

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Reyes, Alvin T., Dave Ambita, Jamie Louise Batalon, Berna Lou Aba, Angelbert Cortes, Cherray Gabrielle Macabecha, and Andrew Montecillo. "Release of dipicolinic acid from spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 5 (September 15, 2019): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i5.3562.

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The effect of eight pH suspensions (2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12 and 14) and four heating times (5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes) on the release of dipicolinic acid (DPA) from spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus was evaluated. The pattern of DPA release from spores of the bacterium exhibited two peaks, one at pH 4 (41.75 ug/mL) and the second at pH 7 (43.25 ug/mL). One-way ANOVA showed that the DPA released at pH 4 and pH 7 was significantly higher as compared to other pH DPA values (p<0.05). Maximum release of the acid from the spores of G. stearothermophilus was achieved after 30 minutes of autoclaving at 121 °C. The maximum level of DPA obtained was 177 ug/mL which was four times higher as compared to the maximum DPA released in the pH experiment. One-way ANOVA showed that the DPA released after 30 minutes autoclaving was significantly higher as compared to DPA released in other heating times (p<0.05). Basing from the result obtained in the study of Rotman and Fields (1969), the variant that was used in this exercise was the smooth type because of the comparable peak of DPA at pH 7 and lower heat resistant with maximum release of DPA after 30 minutes of autoclaving at 121 °C. Keywords: Dipicolinic acid, Geobacillus stearothermophilus, spores, temperature, pH

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Satyo, Lindelwa, Daniel G. Amoako, Anou M. Somboro, Sphelele C. Sosibo, Hezekiel M. Kumalo, Ndumiso N. Mhlongo, and Rene B. Khan. "Molecular Insights Into Di(2-Picolyl) Amine–Induced Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Kidney (HEK293) Cells." International Journal of Toxicology 39, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581820921180.

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Di(2-picolyl) amine (DPA) is a pyridine derivative known to chelate metal ions and thus has potential anticancer properties; however, its effect on normal cells remains unchartered necessitating further research. This study, therefore, investigated the mechanistic effects of DPA-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in the HEK293 cell line. Methods required that an half the maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) was derived using the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Analyses aimed to assess oxidative stress, membrane damage, and DNA fragmentation by means of biochemical assays were performed. Luminometry analysis was carried out to understand the mechanism of apoptosis induction by determining the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3/7. Western blotting was used to ascertain the expression of apoptotic and stress-related proteins. An IC50 of 1,079 µM DPA was obtained. Antioxidant effect correlated with a minimum increase in reactive oxygen species induced lipid peroxidation. The increase in initiator caspase-8 and -9 and executioner caspase-3/7 activities by DPA-induced apoptosis albeit prompting a decline in the levels of ATP. Furthermore, DPA brought about the following consequences on HEK293 cells: markedly elevated tail lengths of the comets, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 cleavage, and apoptotic body formation observed in the late stages. The cytotoxic effects of DPA in HEK293 cells may be mediated by induction of apoptosis via the caspase-dependent mechanism.

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Limburg, Julian, Robert H. Crabtree*, and Gary W. Brudvig*. "Kinetic analysis of the O2-forming reaction between [Mn(III)(dpa)2]− (dpa=dipicolinate) and potassium peroxomonosulfate." Inorganica Chimica Acta 297, no. 1-2 (January 2000): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(99)00362-x.

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30

Ioka, I., M. Yonekawa, Y. Miwa, H. Mimura, H. Tsuji, and T. Hoshiya. "Effect of helium to dpa ratio on fatigue behavior of austenitic stainless steel irradiated to 2 dpa." Journal of Nuclear Materials 283-287 (December 2000): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(00)00209-9.

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31

Hua, Tianhui, Wansheng You, Limei Daia, Yi Zhao, Yong Fang, and Xuefang Zheng. "Influence of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions on the Conformation of Ribbon-like Zn(II) Complexes Bridged by Molybdates." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 63, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 1262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-2008-1104.

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Abstract The complexes [Zn(dpa)MoO4] (1) and [Zn(dpa)MoO4]·0.5H2O (20.5H2O) (dpa = 2,2'-dipyrid- ylamine) were synthesized hydrothermally. Single crystal structure analyses indicate that 1 and 2 are conformational isomers. They both consist of binuclear units of edge-sharing {ZnN2O3} trigonal bipyramids bridged by pairs of bidentate briding {MoO4}2- anions into a one-dimensional ribbon, but their orientations of the terminal O atoms of the {MoO4}2- anions are different. In 1 and 2, the ribbon-like chains are connected into a 2D network via hydrogen bonding interactions between the central N-H portions of the dpa molecules and the terminal O atoms of {MoO4} tetrahedra. For 2, in addition, the hydrogen bonding interactions between the crystal water molecules and the terminal O atoms of {MoO4} tetrahedra join the 2D layers into a 3D architecture. They play an important role not only in constructing the 3D architecture, but also in the conformational stability.

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32

Harrowfield, JM, H. Miyamae, BW Skelton, AA Soudi, and AH White. "Lewis-Base Adducts of Lead(II) Compounds. XV. Synthesis and Structure of Some Adducts of Bis(2-pyridyl)amine With Lead(II) Salts." Australian Journal of Chemistry 49, no. 10 (1996): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9961121.

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Several complexes of bis(2-pyridyl)amine ('dpa') with lead(II) salts have been synthesized and subjected to room-temperature single-crystal X-ray studies. 1:1 Adducts have been obtained with lead(II) bromide and iodide. They have similar unit cells, also similar to those of a variety of other N,N′-heteroaromatic bidentate ligand adducts with metal(II) halides, and the C2/c cell described elsewhere in this series may be regarded as archetypical. [(dpa)PbBr2](∞|∞) is monoclinic, P21/a, a 9.791(4), b 9.720(4), c 16.498(4) Ǻ, β 95.96(4)′, Z = 4 f.u.; conventional R on |F| at convergence was 0.066 for No = 2717 'observed' (I > 3σ(I)) reflections. [(dpa)PbI2](∞|∞) is monoclinic, P21/c, a 8.299(2), b 10.229(3), c 16.905(5) Ǻ, β 101.47(2)°, Z = 4 f.u.; R was 0.044 for No 2140. Both complexes, like their 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline analogues, are linear polymers with six-coordinate (cis-N2)Pb(μ-X)4 environments linked in infinite ... (μ-X)2Pb(μ-X)2… one-dimensional chains, and with dpa being bidentate. A 2:1 adduct of bis(2-pyridyl)amine with lead(II) acetate ('Pb(ac)2') is also described. [(dpa)2Pb(ac)2](∞|∞) is monoclinic, C 2/c, a 28.835(5), b 10.868(3), c 7.665(2) Ǻ, β 94.21(2)°, Z = 4; R was 0.029 for No 1854. The complex is a linear polymer along c; the lead atom lies on a crystallographic twofold axis with a coordination environment comprising a pair of symmetry-related dpa ligands, in this case unidentate (Pb-N 3.092(6) Ǻ), and a pair of symmetry-related bidentate acetate ligands (Pb-O 2.465(4) and 2.568(5) Ǻ) with the first oxygen atom performing an additional bridging function to adjacent symmetry-related lead atoms (Pb-O 2.663(4)Ǻ).

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33

Cheng, Ming-Chuan, Shao-An Hua, Qiying Lv, Marc Sigrist, Gene-Hsiang Lee, Yu-Chiao Liu, Ming-Hsi Chiang, and Shie-Ming Peng. "Stepwise synthesis of the heterotrimetallic chains [MRu2(dpa)4X2]0/1+ using group 7 to group 12 transition metal ions and [Ru2(dpa)4Cl]." Dalton Transactions 47, no. 5 (2018): 1422–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt04114d.

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Develop a powerful precursor [Ru₂(dpa)₄Cl] to synthesis a complete series of trimetallic atom chain [MRu₂(dpa)₄Cl₂]^0/1+. An overview of the entire series in structure, electrochemistry and spectroscopy is presented.

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Huang, Gin-Chen, Isiah Po-Chun Liu, Jau-Huei Kuo, Yi-Lin Huang, Chen-Yu Yeh, Gene-Hsiang Lee, and Shie-Ming Peng. "Further investigations of linear trirhodium complexes: experimental and theoretical studies of [Rh3(dpa)4Cl2] and [Rh3(dpa)4Cl2](BF4) [dpa = bis(2-pyridyl)amido anion]." Dalton Transactions, no. 14 (2009): 2623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b820060b.

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35

Montanel-Pérez, Sara, Raquel P. Herrera, Antonio Laguna, M. Dolores Villacampa, and M. Concepción Gimeno. "The fluxional amine gold(iii) complex as an excellent catalyst and precursor of biologically active acyclic carbenes." Dalton Transactions 44, no. 19 (2015): 9052–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt00703h.

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A new amine gold(iii) complex [Au(C₆F₅)₂(DPA)]ClO₄ with the di-(2-picolyl)amine (DPA) ligand has been synthesised. It serves as an excellent catalyst and as synthon to prepare bidentate acyclic carbenes.

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Liu, Lingyu, Xudong Zhu, Yanbo Zeng, Hailong Wang, Yixia Lu, Jian Zhang, Zhengzhi Yin, Zhidong Chen, Yiwen Yang, and Lei Li. "An Electrochemical Sensor for Diphenylamine Detection Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide/Fe3O4-Molecularly Imprinted Polymer with 1,4-Butanediyl-3,3’-bis-l-vinylimidazolium Dihexafluorophosphate Ionic Liquid as Cross-Linker." Polymers 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121329.

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In this paper, we report a new composite of reduced graphene oxide/Fe3O4-ionic liquid based molecularly imprinted polymer (RGO/Fe3O4-IL-MIP) fabricated for diphenylamine (DPA) detection. RGO/Fe3O4-IL-MIP was prepared with RGO/Fe3O4 as supporter, ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-butylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([VC4mim][PF6]) as functional monomer, ionic liquid 1,4-butanediyl-3,3’-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dihexafluorophosphate ([V2C4(mim)2][(PF6)2]) as cross-linker, and diphenylamine (DPA) as template molecule. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer were employed to characterize the RGO/Fe3O4-IL-MIP composite. RGO/Fe3O4-IL-MIP was then drop-cast onto a glassy carbon electrode to construct an electrochemical sensor for DPA. The differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) peak current response for 20 μM DPA of RGO/Fe3O4-IL-MIP modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was 3.24 and 1.68 times that of RGO/Fe3O4-IL-NIP and RGO/Fe3O4-EGDMA-MIP modified GCEs, respectively, indicating the advantage of RGO/Fe3O4-IL-MIP based on ionic liquid (IL) as a cross-linker. The RGO/Fe3O4-IL-MIP sensor demonstrated good recognition for DPA. Under the optimized conditions, the RGO/Fe3O4-IL-MIP sensor exhibited a DPA detection limit of 0.05 μM (S/N = 3) with a linear range of 0.1–30 μM. Moreover, the new RGO/Fe3O4-IL-MIP based sensor detected DPA in real samples with satisfactory results.

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Wang, Lei, Zhanming Gao, Chun Liu, and Xin Jin. "A diphenylamino-substituted cationic cyclometalated Ir(iii) complex: its aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission and oxygen sensing properties." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 3, no. 8 (2019): 1593–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qm00227h.

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A new diphenylamino (DPA)-substituted cationic cyclometalated Ir(iii) complex, Ir2, demonstrates aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission (AIPE) and exhibits higher sensitivity to O₂ in an EC film than non-DPA-modified Ir1.

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Ingle, Morris, J. C. Morris, and M. C. D'Souza. "Soil Contamination Inconsistently Affects Performance of Diphenylamine as a Superficial Scald Inhibitor." HortScience 25, no. 11 (November 1990): 1414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.11.1414.

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Three types of soil were mixed with water containing DPA (2000 mg·liter-1) and benomyl (300 mg·liter-1) at 1% to 5% (w/w). `Rome' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were dipped in the mixtures over 8 days. The efficiency of DPA as a scald inhibitor was not consistently affected by soil type, soil concentration, or age of mixture. Chemical names used: methyl[1-[(butylamino)carbonyl]-1 H-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate (benomyl); diphenldyamine (DPA).

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39

Wu, Gaobing, Yuzhi Hong, Aizhen Guo, Chunfang Feng, Sha Cao, Cheng-Cai Zhang, Ruiping Shi, Yadi Tan, and Ziduo Liu. "A Chimeric Protein That Functions as both an Anthrax Dual-Target Antitoxin and a Trivalent Vaccine." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 11 (August 16, 2010): 4750–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00640-10.

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ABSTRACT Effective measures for the prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax are still required for counteracting the threat posed by inhalation anthrax. In this study, we first demonstrated that the chimeric protein LFn-PA, created by fusing the protective antigen (PA)-binding domain of lethal factor (LFn) to PA, retained the functions of the respective molecules. On the basis of this observation, we attempted to develop an antitoxin that targets the binding of lethal factor (LF) and/or edema factor (EF) to PA and the transportation of LF/EF. Therefore, we replaced PA in LFn-PA with a dominant-negative inhibitory PA (DPA), i.e., PAF427D. In in vitro models of anthrax intoxication, the LFn-DPA chimera showed 3-fold and 2-fold higher potencies than DPA in protecting sensitive cells against anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) and edema toxin (EdTx), respectively. In animal models, LFn-DPA exhibited strong potency in rescuing mice from lethal challenge with LeTx. We also evaluated the immunogenicity and immunoprotective efficacy of LFn-DPA as an anthrax vaccine candidate. In comparison with recombinant PA, LFn-DPA induced significantly higher levels of the anti-PA immune response. Moreover, LFn-DPA elicited an anti-LF antibody response that could cross-react with EF. Mice immunized with LFn-DPA tolerated a LeTx challenge that was 5 times its 50% lethal dose. Thus, LFn-DPA represents a highly effective trivalent vaccine candidate for both preexposure and postexposure vaccination. Overall, we have developed a novel and dually functional reagent for the prophylaxis and treatment of anthrax.

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Tamboli, Majid Ismail, Yushi Okamoto, Yohei Utsumi, Takayuki Furuishi, Siran Wang, Daiki Umeda, Okky Dwichandra Putra, Kaori Fukuzawa, Hidehiro Uekusa, and Etsuo Yonemochi. "Crystal Structures of Antiarrhythmic Drug Disopyramide and Its Salt with Phthalic Acid." Crystals 11, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11040379.

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Disopyramide (DPA) is as a class IA antiarrhythmic drug and its crystallization from cyclohexane at ambient condition yields lower melting form crystals which belong to the monoclinic centrosymmetric space group P21/n, having two molecules in an asymmetric unit. Crystal structure analysis of pure DPA revealed closely associated DPA molecules aggregates via amide–amide dimer synthon through the N–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond whereas the second amide hydrogen N–H engaged in an intramolecular N–H∙∙∙N hydrogen bond with N-nitrogen of 2-pyridine moieties. Crystallization of DPA and phthalic acid (PA) in 1: 1 stoichiometric molar ratio from acetone at ambient condition yielded block shape crystals of 1:1 DPA_PA salt. Its X-ray single crystal structure revealed the formation of salt by transfer of acidic proton from one of the carboxylic acidic groups of PA to the tertiary amino group of chain moiety (N3-nitrogen atom) of DPA molecules. DPA_PA salt crystals belong to the monoclinic centrosymmetric space group P21/n, comprising one protonated DPA and one PA¯ anion (hydrogen phthalate counterion) in an asymmetric unit and linked by N–H∙∙∙O and C–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bonds. Pure DPA and DPA_PA salt were further characterized by differential calorimetric analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, powder x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy.

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Shoemaker, Michael J., Michaela Mattern, Hannah Scholten, Jessica Zeitler, and Shweta Gore. "Subjective Daily Physical Activity Measures in Heart Disease: A Systematic Review." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 18, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 450–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0661.

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Background: The measurement of daily physical activity (DPA) is important for the prognosis and quantifying clinical outcomes in individuals with heart disease. The measurement of DPA is more feasible using subjective measures when compared with objective measures. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to identify the subjective measures of DPA that have established reliability and validity in individuals with heart disease to assist clinician and researcher instrument selection. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and ProQuest databases was performed. Methodological rigor was assessed using 3 different quality appraisal tools. Qualitative synthesis of included studies was performed. Results: Twenty-two unique studies covering 19 subjective DPA measures were ultimately included. Methodological rigor was generally fair, and validity coefficients were moderate at best. Conclusions: Only 4 subjective measures that have established test–retest reliability and that provide an estimate of energy expenditure, metabolic equivalents, or minutes of DPA were compared against accelerometry or a DPA diary in patients with heart disease: SWISS Physical Activity Questionnaire, Total Activity Measure 1 and 2, and Mobile Physical Activity Logger. Depending on the clinician or researcher needs, instrument selection would depend on the recall period and the DPA construct being measured.

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Li, Yong, Mark F. Seifert, Sun-Young Lim, Norman Salem, and Bruce A. Watkins. "Bone mineral content is positively correlated to n-3 fatty acids in the femur of growing rats." British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 5 (April 27, 2010): 674–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510001133.

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The present study was conducted to determine whether provision of preformed dietary docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-6) can replace DHA for normal long bone growth as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for mineral content (BMC). A newly modified artificial rearing method was employed to generate n-3 fatty acid-deficient rats. Except the dam-reared (DR; 3·1 % α-linolenic acid) group, newborn pups were separated from their mothers at age 2 d and given artificial rat milk containing linoleic acid (LA), or LA supplemented with 1 % DHA (22 : 6n-3; DHA), 1 % DPAn-6 (DPA), or 1 % DHA plus 0·4 % DPAn-6 (DHA/DPA). The rats were later weaned onto similar pelleted diets. At adulthood, the rats were euthanised and bones (femur, tibia, and lumbar vertebrae) collected for tissue fatty acid analysis and bone mineral density (BMD) determination. The analyses showed that long bones such as femur and tibia in DPAn-6-treated rats contained higher DPAn-6 content and generally had the lowest BMC and BMD values. Hence, DPAn-6 did not replace DHA for normal bone growth and maximal BMC in femur, indicating an indispensible role of DHA in bone health. In conclusion, DHA accumulates in the osteoblast-rich and nerve-abundant periosteum of femur; DHA but not EPA appears to be a vital constituent of marrow and periosteum of healthy modelling bone; and both DHA and total n-3 PUFA strongly correlate to BMC.

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Morin, Caroline, Roddy Hiram, Eric Rousseau, Pierre U. Blier, and Samuel Fortin. "Docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride reduces inflammation and vascular remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 307, no. 4 (August 15, 2014): H574—H586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00814.2013.

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n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been shown to reduce inflammation and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells under pathophysiological conditions. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of the newly synthesized docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DPA) on key signaling pathways in pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis has yet to be assessed. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of MAG-DPA on pulmonary inflammation and remodeling occurring in a rat model of PH, induced by a single injection of monocrotaline (MCT: 60 mg/kg). Our results demonstrate that MAG-DPA treatment for 3 wk following MCT injection resulted in a significant improvement of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and a reduction in Fulton's Index (FI). Morphometric analyses revealed that the wall thickness of pulmonary arterioles was significantly lower in MCT + MAG-DPA-treated rats compared with controls. This result was further correlated with a decrease in Ki-67 immunostaining. Following MAG-DPA treatments, lipid analysis showed a consistent increase in DPA together with lower levels of arachidonic acid (AA), as measured in blood and tissue samples. Furthermore, in MCT-treated rats, oral administration of MAG-DPA decreased NF-κB and p38 MAPK activation, leading to a reduction in MMP-2, MMP-9, and VEGF expression levels in lung tissue homogenates. Altogether, these data provide new evidence regarding the mode of action of MAG-DPA in the prevention of pulmonary hypertension induced by MCT.

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Ha, Kwang. "cis-(Di-2-pyridylamine-κ2N2,N2′)bis(thiocyanato-κS)platinum(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, no. 4 (March 17, 2012): m440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812010926.

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In the title complex, [Pt(NCS)2(C10H9N3)], the PtIIion is four-coordinated in a distorted square-planar environment by the two pyridine N atoms of the chelating di-2-pyridylamine (dpa) ligand and two mutuallycisS atoms from two linear thiocyanate anions. The dpa ligand is not planar, the dihedral angle between the pyridine rings being 30.8 (4)°. In the crystal, the complex molecules are stacked in columns along theaaxis and are connected by intermolecular N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming supramolecular chains along thebaxis.

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Lee, P. R., J. Y. Lee, H. B. Kim, J. H. Lee, and S. B. Oh. "TRPM8 Mediates Hyperosmotic Stimuli-Induced Nociception in Dental Afferents." Journal of Dental Research 99, no. 1 (November 12, 2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034519886847.

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Hyperosmolar sweet foods onto exposed tooth dentin evoke sudden and intense dental pain, called dentin hypersensitivity. However, it remains unclear how hyperosmolar stimuli excite dental primary afferent (DPA) neurons and thereby lead to dentin hypersensitivity. This study elucidated whether TRPM8, which is well known as a cold temperature– or menthol-activated receptor, additionally mediates nociception in response to hyperosmolar stimuli in adult mouse DPA neurons, which are identified by a fluorescent retrograde tracer: DiI. Single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed that TRPM8 was expressed in subsets of DPA neurons and that TRPM8 was highly colocalized with TRPV1 and Piezo2. Immunohistochemical analysis also confirmed TRPM8 expression in DPA neurons. By using Fura-2-based calcium imaging, application of hyperosmolar sucrose solutions elicited calcium transients in subsets of the trigeminal ganglion neurons, which was significantly abolished by a selective TRPM8 antagonist: N-(3-Aminopropyl)-2-[(3-methylphenyl)methoxy]-N-(2-thienylmethyl)benzamide (AMTB) hydrochloride. When we further examined changes of c-fos expression (a neuronal activation marker) in the spinal trigeminal nucleus after hyperosmolar stimulation onto exposed tooth dentin, c-fos mRNA and protein expression were increased and were also significantly reduced by AMTB, especially in the spinal trigeminal interpolaris-caudalis transition zone (Vi/Vc). Taken together, our results provide strong evidence that TRPM8 expressed in DPA neurons might mediate dental pain as a hyperosmosensor in adult mice.

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Martín, Abraham, Raphaël Boisgard, Benoit Thézé, Nadja Van Camp, Bertrand Kuhnast, Annelaure Damont, Michael Kassiou, Frédéric Dollé, and Bertrand Tavitian. "Evaluation of the PBR/TSPO Radioligand [18F]DPA-714 in a Rat Model of Focal Cerebral Ischemia." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 30, no. 1 (September 30, 2009): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2009.205.

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Focal cerebral ischemia leads to an inflammatory reaction involving an overexpression of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR)/18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in the cerebral monocytic lineage (microglia and monocyte) and in astrocytes. Imaging of PBR/TSPO by positron emission tomography (PET) using radiolabeled ligands can document inflammatory processes induced by cerebral ischemia. We performed in vivo PET imaging with [18F]DPA-714 to determine the time course of PBR/TSPO expression over several days after induction of cerebral ischemia in rats. In vivo PET imaging showed significant increase in DPA ( N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl)-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)acetamide) uptake on the injured side compared with that in the contralateral area on days 7, 11, 15, and 21 after ischemia; the maximal binding value was reached 11 days after ischemia. In vitro autoradiography confirmed these in vivo results. In vivo and in vitro [18F]DPA-714 binding was displaced from the lesion by PK11195 and DPA-714. Immunohistochemistry showed increased PBR/TSPO expression, peaking at day 11 in cells expressing microglia/macrophage antigens in the ischemic area. At later times, a centripetal migration of astrocytes toward the lesion was observed, promoting the formation of an astrocytic scar. These results show that [18F]DPA-714 provides accurate quantitative information of the time course of PBR/TSPO expression in experimental stroke.

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Golla, Sandeep SV, Ronald Boellaard, Vesa Oikonen, Anja Hoffmann, Bart NM van Berckel, Albert D. Windhorst, Jere Virta, et al. "Quantification of [18F]DPA-714 Binding in the Human Brain: Initial Studies in Healthy Controls and Alzheimer'S Disease Patients." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 35, no. 5 (February 4, 2015): 766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2014.261.

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Fluorine-18 labelled N,N-diethyl-2-(2-[4-(2-fluoroethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-α]pyrimidine-3-yl)acetamide ([18F] DPA-714) binds to the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) with high affinity. The aim of this initial methodological study was to develop a plasma input tracer kinetic model for quantification of [18F]DPA-714 binding in healthy subjects and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, and to provide a preliminary assessment whether there is a disease-related signal. Ten AD patients and six healthy subjects underwent a dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) study along with arterial sampling and a scan protocol of 150 minutes after administration of 250 ± 10 MBq [18F]DPA-714. The model that provided the best fits to tissue time activity curves (TACs) was selected based on Akaike Information Criterion and F-test. The reversible two tissue compartment plasma input model with blood volume parameter was the preferred model for quantification of [18F]DPA-714 kinetics, irrespective of scan duration, volume of interest, and underlying volume of distribution ( VT). Simplified reference tissue model (SRTM)-derived binding potential (BPND) using cerebellar gray matter as reference tissue correlated well with plasma input-based distribution volume ratio (DVR). These data suggest that [18F]DPA-714 cannot be used for separating individual AD patients from heathy subjects, but further studies including TSPO binding status are needed to substantiate these findings.

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Ha, Kwang. "Dibromido(di-2-pyridylamine-κ2N2,N2′)platinum(II)." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, no. 4 (March 21, 2012): m453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812011300.

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The PtIIion in the title complex, [PtBr2(C10H9N3)], is four-coordinated in an essentially square-planar environment by two N atoms from a chelating di-2-pyridylamine (dpa) ligand and two Br−anions. The dpa ligand is not planar, with the dihedral angle between the pyridine rings being 40.8 (2)°. The complex molecules are stacked in columns along [001] through π–π interactions between the pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.437 (3) and 3.520 (3) Å]. Intermolecular N—H...Br hydrogen bonds connect the molecules into chains running along [010]. Intramolecular C—H...Br interactions are also observed.

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Cotton, F. Albert, Carlos A. Murillo, and Xiaoping Wang. "Linear Tricobalt Compounds with Di-(2-pyridyl)amide (dpa) Ligands: Studies of the Paramagnetic Compound Co3(dpa)4Cl2in Solution." Inorganic Chemistry 38, no. 26 (December 1999): 6294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic990944t.

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Ji, Deyang, Jie Li, Xiaosong Chen, Lin Li, Liqiang Li, and Wenping Hu. "Polymer mask-weakening grain-boundary effect: towards high-performance organic thin-film transistors with mobility closing to 20 cm2 V−1 s−1." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 4, no. 10 (2020): 2990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qm00304b.

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Abstract:

Polystyrene-based masks are fabricated to produce top-contact high-resolution (5 μm) electrodes. With this mask, the mobility of DPA-based thin-film transistors could reach 19.22 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, which is a new breakthrough for DPA thin-film transistors.

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