Academic literature on the topic '1999 d-256'
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Journal articles on the topic "1999 d-256"
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Wichert, Sabine. "The Northern Ireland Conflict: New Wine in Old Bottles?" Contemporary European History 9, no. 2 (July 2000): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300002095.
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James Loughlin, The Ulster Question since 1945 (London: Macmillan, 1998), 151 pp., £10.99 (pb), ISBN 0–333–60616–7.David Harkness, Ireland in the Twentieth Century. Divided Island (London: Macmillan, 1996), 190 pp., £9.99 (pb), ISBN 0–333–56796–X.Thomas Hennessey, A History of Northern Ireland, 1920–1996 (London: Macmillan, 1997), 347 pp., £12.99 (pb), £40.00 (hb), ISBN 0–333–73162–X.Brian A. Follis, A State Under Siege. The Establishment of Northern Ireland, 1920–1925 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1995), 250 pp., £35.00 (hb), ISBN 0–198–20305–5.Dermot Keogh and Michael H. Haltzel, eds., Northern Ireland and the Politics of reconciliation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 256 pp., £35.00 (hb), ISBN 0–521–44430–6.William Crotty and David Schmitt, eds., Ireland and the Politics of Change (London/New York: Longman, 1999), 264 pp., £17.99 (pb), ISBN 0–582–32894–2.David Miller, ed., Rethinking Northern Ireland. Culture, Ideology and Colonialism. (London/New York: Longman, 1999), 344 pp., £17.99 (pb), ISBN 0–582–30287–0.Anthony D. Buckley and Mary Catherine Kenney, Negotiating Identity: Rhetoric, Metaphor, and Social Identity in Northern Ireland (Washington: Smithonian Institution Press, 1996), 270 pp., £34.75 (hb), ISBN 1–560–98520–8.John D. Brewer, with Gareth I. Higgins, Anti-Catholicism in Northern Ireland, 1600–1998: the mote and the beam (London: Macmillan, 1998), 248 pp., £16.99 (pb), ISBN 0–333–74635–X.During the last three decades, and accompanying the ‘troubles’, the literature on Northern Ireland has mushroomed. Within the last ten years two surveys have attempted to summarise and categorise the major interpretations. John Whyte's Interpreting Northern Ireland covered the 1970s and 1980s and came to the conclusion that traditional Unionist and nationalist interpretations, with their emphasis on external, that is British and Irish, forces as the cause for the problem, had begun to lose out to ‘internal conflict’ interpretations. He felt, however, that this approach, too, was coming to the end of its usefulness, and he expected the emergence of a new paradigm shortly.
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Jannasch, R. W., E. Charmley, and A. V. Rodd. "The effect of spring turnout date on weight gain by cattle on native pasture." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 82, no. 4 (December 1, 2002): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a01-069.
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The effect of early turnout on pasture quality and weight gain by beef cattle was assessed with 32 Hereford feeder cattle which were turned out on pasture on four separate dates in each of 2 yr in a randomized complete block design with two replications. In 1998, steers were allocated to four treatments numbered consecutively T1 to T4 according to turnout date: 6 May [110 growing degree days above 5°C (GDD)], 13 May (152 GDD), 20 May (195 GDD) and 27 May (255 GDD). Steers grazed separate 0.4-ha paddocks continuously for 28 d. In 1999, turnout dates were 11 May (124 GDD), 18 May (156 GDD), 26 May (226 GDD) and 2 June (304 GDD), with 0.6, 0.5, 0.4 and 0.3 ha of pasture allocated to each treatment (two steers, two heifers), respectively. Soil resistance to penetration, sward height, herbage mass and chemical composition, and animal liveweight gain were recorded. Early turnout did not increase soil compaction. Herbage mass at turnout for T1 to T4 was 532, 780, 1370 and 1299 kg dry matter (DM) ha-1, respectively, in 1998, and 901, 983, 1324 and 1719 kg ha-1, respectively, in 1999. Herbage mass increased by 273 kg ha-1per week as turnout was delayed in 1998 and 256 kg ha-1in 1999. Crude protein concentration declined from approximately 200 g kg-1 DM at T1 to less than 175 g kg-1 DM at T4 in both years. Fibre concentration, as indicated by ADF and NDF, increased 1 wk after turnout. Forage quality declined as turnout was delayed, but grazing did not improve forage quality relative to ungrazed swards. In 1998, cattle in T1 to T4 lost 4.7, 4.0, 1.2 and 4.2% of BW, respectively, in the week after turnout, whereas in 1999, T1 to T4 lost 1.2, 4, 0.5 and 1.5% of BW, respectively. In 1998 over the 28-d period, steers in T1 and T2 lost 0.52 and 0.21 kg d-1, respectively, whereas steers in T3 and T4 gained 0.60 and 0.51 kg d-1. In 1999, over the 28-d period, cattle in T1 to T4 gained 1.1, 0.64, 1.1 and 0.61 kg d-1, respectively, with cattle in T1 gaining significantly more weight (P < 0.014) than those in T4. The results suggest a weight gain of 0.5 to 1.0 kg d-1 can be achieved in a 28 day grazing period with early turnout on native pasture provided herbage mass ranges between 900 and 1300 kg DM ha-1 and approximately 130 kg forage DM head-1 is initially on offer. Key words: Native pasture, grazing, steer performance
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Oeppen, Bridget. "EDWARDS, D. & KING, C. 1999. Geoscience. Understanding Geological Processes. 256 pp. London: Hodder & Stoughton Educational. Price £25.00 (paperback). ISBN 0 340 68843 2." Geological Magazine 137, no. 3 (May 2000): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800344132.
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Malorny, Burkhard, Andreas Schroeter, and Reiner Helmuth. "Incidence of Quinolone Resistance Over the Period 1986 to 1998 in Veterinary Salmonella Isolates from Germany." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 43, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 2278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.43.9.2278.
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ABSTRACT A total of 24,591 nonhuman salmonella strains isolated in Germany between 1986 and 1998 were examined for their resistance to nalidixic acid by an agar diffusion method. The rate of resistance (inhibition zone, ≤13 mm) ranged from 0.2% in 1986 to a peak of 14.8% in 1990. Between 1991 and 1998 the MICs for nalidixic acid-resistant strains ranged from more than 256 μg/ml for nalidixic acid to between 0.25 and 128 μg/ml for enrofloxacin. In the early 1990s a particularly high incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance (49.5%) was seen among isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) definitive phage type 204c that mainly originated from cattle. Among isolates from poultry an increase in the incidence of nalidixic acid resistance to a peak of 14.4% was observed in 1994. This peak was due to the presence of specific resistant serotypes, mainly serotypes Hadar, Saintpaul, Paratyphi B (d-tartrate positive; formerly serotype Java) and Newport. Such strains exhibited a decreased susceptibility to enrofloxacin (MIC, 1 μg/ml). Among isolates from pigs the peak incidence of resistance was reached in 1993, with 7.5% of isolates resistant to nalidixic acid and enrofloxacin. The study demonstrates an increase in the incidence of strains that are resistant to nalidixic acid and that have decreased susceptibility to enrofloxacin after the licensing of enrofloxacin. In addition, the number of other serotypes that exhibited nalidixic acid resistance or reduced enrofloxacin susceptibility increased among the total number of isolates investigated between 1992 and 1998.
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Panavas, T., and P. D. Nagy. "The RNA Replication Enhancer Element of Tombusviruses Contains Two Interchangeable Hairpins That Are Functional during Plus-Strand Synthesis." Journal of Virology 77, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 258–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.1.258-269.2003.
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ABSTRACT Replication of the RNA genomes of tombusviruses, which are small plus-sense RNA viruses of plants, may be regulated by cis-acting elements, including promoters and replication enhancers that are present in the RNA templates. Using a partially purified RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) preparation (P. D. Nagy and J. Pogany, Virology 276:279-288, 2000), we demonstrate that the minus-strand templates of tombusviruses contain a replication enhancer, which can upregulate RNA synthesis initiating from the minimal plus-strand initiation promoter by 10- to 20-fold in an in vitro assay. Dissection of the sequence of the replication enhancer element revealed that the two stem-loop structures present within the ∼80-nucleotide-long enhancer region have interchangeable roles in upregulating RNA synthesis. The single-stranded sequence located between the two stem-loops also plays an important role in stimulation of RNA synthesis. We also demonstrate that one of the two hairpins, both of which are similar to the hairpin of the minus-strand initiation promoter, can function as a promoter in vitro in the presence of short cytidylate-containing initiation sites. Overall, the in vitro data presented are consistent with previous in vivo results (D. Ray and K. A. White, Virology 256:162-171, 1999) and they firmly establish the presence of a replication enhancer on the minus-stranded RNA of tombusviruses.
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Sánchez, María del Rosario. "La construcción de la información periodística sobre la COVID-19 en la prensa local argentina." Investigar la Comunicación desde Perspectivas, Teorías y Métodos Periféricos 8, no. 15 (February 1, 2021): 429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24137/raeic.8.15.19.
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Amadeo, B. (1999). La aplicación de la teoría del framing a la cobertura de la corrupción política en Argentina (1991-1996) [tesis doctoral]. Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Comunicación, Pamplona, España. D'adamo, O. J., Beaudoux, V. G. y Freidenberg, F. (2000). Medios de comunicación, efectos políticos y opinión pública: ¿una imagen, vale más que mil palabras? Buenos Aires: Editorial de Belgrano. Defensoría del Público SCA (2020). Apuntes para las coberturas sobre la pandemia COVID-19. Recuperado de https://defensadelpublico.gob.ar/recomendaciones-para-la-cobertura-de-la-pandemia-covid-19/ Del Palacio Montiel, C. (2009). Una mirada a la historia de la prensa de México desde las regiones. Un estudio comparativo (1792-1950). Revista Historia Iberoamericana, 2(1), 80-97. Entman, R. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x Ford, A. (1994). Navegaciones. Comunicación, cultura y crisis. Buenos Aires: Amorrortu. Gomis, L. (1991). Teoría del periodismo. Cómo se forma el presente. Barcelona: Paidós. Graber, D. (1989). Content and memory. What is it all about. American Behavioral Scientist, 33(2), 144-152. Iyengar, S. y Kinder, D. R. (2010). News that matters: Television and American opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Koziner, N. (2013). Antecedentes y fundamentos de la teoría del framing en comunicación. Austral comunicación, 1(2), 01-25. Llull, L. (2001). Bahía Blanca, prensa y política en la Liverpool del Sur. 1900-1936. En L. Prislei (Dir.), Pasiones sureñas. Prensa, cultura y política en la frontera norpatagónica (1884-1946). Buenos Aires: Prometeo. Martini, S. (2000). Periodismo, noticia y noticiabilidad. Buenos Aires: Norma. Martini, S. (2015). Medios y sociedad. Las agendas del delito en la prensa gráfica y digital y en la televisión en la Argentina. En M. Degoumois (Dir.), Delitos y medios masivos de comunicación. Aportes para la reflexión acerca de los discursos sobre violencia y criminalidad (pp. 255-278). Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos de la Nación. Orbe, P. y Napal, M. (2018). Los medios de comunicación en la ciudad: del papel a la era digital. En M. Cernadas y J. Marcilese (Coords.), Bahía Blanca siglo XX. Historia política, económica y sociocultural (pp. 273-304). Bahía Blanca: EdiUNS. Rodrigo Alsina, M. (1989). La construcción de la noticia. Barcelona, Paidós. Sádaba, T. (2007). Framing: el encuadre de las noticias. El binomio terrorismo- medios. Buenos Aires: La Crujía. Schiller, H. (1996). Information inequality. Nueva York: Routledge. Silva, H. (1998) “Un destino manifiesto”. 1898 – 1998. Cien años de periodismo. Bahía Blanca: La Nueva Provincia. Sohr, R. (1998). Historia y poder de la prensa. Barcelona: Andrés Bello. Tuchman, G. (1978). News making. A study in the construction of reality. New York: The Free Press. Valdetattaro, S. (2005). Prensa y temporalidad. La trama de la comunicación, 10, 97-104. Verón, E. (1983) Construir el acontecimiento. Buenos Aires: Gedisa. Zalba, E. (2007). Una aproximación al <orden del discurso> periodístico. Boletín de la BCN, Biblioteca del Congreso de la Nación, 123.
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Ballard, Chris, Jeroen A. Overweel, Timothy P. Barnard, Daniel Perret, Peter Boomgaard, Om Prakash, U. T. Bosma, et al. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 155, no. 4 (1999): 683–736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003866.
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- Chris Ballard, Jeroen A. Overweel, Topics relating to Netherlands New Guinea in Ternate Residency memoranda of transfer and other assorted documents. Leiden: DSALCUL, Jakarta: IRIS, 1995, x + 146 pp. [Irian Jaya Source Materials 13.] - Timothy P. Barnard, Daniel Perret, Sejarah Johor-Riau-Lingga sehingga 1914; Sebuah esei bibliografi. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Pelancongan Malaysia/École Francaise d’Extrême Orient, 1998, 460 pp. - Peter Boomgaard, Om Prakash, European commercial enterprise in pre-colonial India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998, xviii + 377 pp. [The New Cambridge History of India II-5.] - U.T. Bosma, Oliver Kortendick, Drei Schwestern und ihre Kinder; Rekonstruktion von Familiengeschichte und Identitätstransmission bei Indischen Nerlanders mit Hilfe computerunterstützter Inhaltsanalyse. Canterbury: Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing, University of Kent at Canterbury, 1996, viii + 218 pp. [Centre for Social Anthropology and Computing Monograph 12.] - Freek Colombijn, Thomas Psota, Waldgeister und Reisseelen; Die Revitalisierung von Ritualen zur Erhaltung der komplementären Produktion in SüdwestSumatra. Berlin: Reimer, 1996, 203 + 15 pp. [Berner Sumatraforschungen.] - Christine Dobbin, Ann Maxwell Hill, Merchants and migrants; Ethnicity and trade among Yunannese Chinese in Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1998, vii + 178 pp. [Yale Southeast Asia Studies Monograph 47.] - Aone van Engelenhoven, Peter Bellwood, The Austronesians; Historical and comparative perspectives. Canberra: Department of Anthropology, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1995, viii + 359 pp., James J. Fox, Darrell Tryon (eds.) - Aone van Engelenhoven, Wyn D. Laidig, Descriptive studies of languages in Maluku, Part II. Jakarta: Badan Penyelenggara Seri NUSA and Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya, 1995, xii + 112 pp. [NUSA Linguistic Studies of Indonesian and Other Languages in Indonesia 38.] - Ch. F. van Fraassen, R.Z. Leirissa, Halmahera Timur dan Raja Jailolo; Pergolakan sekitar Laut Seram awal abad 19. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka, 1996, xiv + 256 pp. - Frances Gouda, Denys Lombard, Rêver l’Asie; Exotisme et littérature coloniale aux Indes, an Indochine et en Insulinde. Paris: Éditions de l’École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, 1993, 486 pp., Catherine Champion, Henri Chambert-Loir (eds.) - Hans Hägerdal, Timothy Lindsey, The romance of K’tut Tantri and Indonesia; Texts and scripts, history and identity. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1997, xix + 362 + 24 pp. - Renee Hagesteijn, Ina E. Slamet-Velsink, Emerging hierarchies; Processes of stratification and early state formation in the Indonesian archipelago: prehistory and the ethnographic present. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1995, ix + 279 pp. [VKI 166.] - David Henley, Victor T. King, Environmental challenges in South-East Asia. Richmond: Curzon Press, 1998, xviii + 410 pp. [Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, Man and Nature in Asia Series 2.] - C. de Jonge, Ton Otto, Cultural dynamics of religious change in Oceania. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1997, viii + 144 pp. [VKI 176.], Ad Boorsboom (eds.) - C. de Jonge, Chris Sugden, Seeking the Asian face of Jesus; A critical and comparative study of the practice and theology of Christian social witness in Indonesia and India between 1974 and 1996. Oxford: Regnum, 1997, xix + 496 pp. - John N. Miksic, Roy E. Jordaan, In praise of Prambanan; Dutch essays on the Loro Jonggrang temple complex. Leiden: KITLV Press, 1996, xii + 259 pp. [Translation Series 26.] - Marije Plomp, Ann Kumar, Illuminations; The writing traditions of Indonesia; Featuring manuscripts from the National Library of Indonesia. Jakarta: The Lontar Foundation, New York: Weatherhill, 1996., John H. McGlynn (eds.) - Susan de Roode, Eveline Ferretti, Cutting across the lands; An annotated bibliography on natural resource management and community development in Indonesia, the Philippines and Malaysia. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program, 1997, 329 pp. [Southeast Asia Program Series 16.] - M.J.C. Schouten, Monika Schlicher, Portugal in Ost-Timor; Eine kritische Untersuchung zur portugiesischen Kolonialgeschichte in Ost-Timor, 1850 bis 1912. Hamburg: Abera-Verlag, 1996, 347 pp. - Karel Steenbrink, Leo Dubbeldam, Values and value education. The Hague: Centre for the Study of Education in Developing Countries (CESO), 1995, 183 pp. [CESO Paperback 25.] - Pamela J. Stewart, Michael Houseman, Naven or the other self; A relational approach to ritual action. Leiden: Brill, 1998, xvi + 325 pp., Carlo Severi (eds.) - Han F. Vermeulen, Pieter ter Keurs, The language of things; Studies in ethnocommunication; In honour of Professor Adrian A. Gerbrands. Leiden: Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, 1990, 208 pp. [Mededelingen van het Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde 25.], Dirk Smidt (eds.)
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 72, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1998): 125–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002604.
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-Valerie I.J. Flint, Margarita Zamora, Reading Columbus. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. xvi + 247 pp.-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Historie Naturelle des Indes: The Drake manuscript in the Pierpont Morgan Library. New York: Norton, 1996. xxii + 272 pp.-Neil L. Whitehead, Charles Nicholl, The creature in the map: A journey to Eldorado. London: Jonathan Cape, 1995. 398 pp.-William F. Keegan, Ramón Dacal Moure ,Art and archaeology of pre-Columbian Cuba. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996. xxiv + 134 pp., Manuel Rivero de la Calle (eds)-Michael Mullin, Stephan Palmié, Slave cultures and the cultures of slavery. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995. xlvii + 283 pp.-Bill Maurer, Karen Fog Olwig, Small islands, large questions: Society, culture and resistance in the post-emancipation Caribbean. London: Frank Cass, 1995. viii + 200 pp.-David M. Stark, Laird W. Bergad ,The Cuban slave market, 1790-1880. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995. xxi + 245 pp., Fe Iglesias García, María Del Carmen Barcia (eds)-Susan Fernández, Tom Chaffin, Fatal glory: Narciso López and the first clandestine U.S. war against Cuba. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1996. xxii + 282 pp.-Damian J. Fernández, María Cristina García, Havana USA: Cuban exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida, 1959-1994. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996. xiii + 290 pp.-Myrna García-Calderón, Carmen Luisa Justiniano, Con valor y a cómo dé lugar: Memorias de una jíbara puertorriqueña. Río Piedras: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1994. 538 pp.-Jorge Pérez-Rolon, Ruth Glasser, My music is my flag: Puerto Rican musicians and their New York communities , 1917-1940. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1995. xxiv + 253 pp.-Lauren Derby, Emelio Betances, State and society in the Dominican Republic. Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1995. xix + 162 pp.-Michiel Baud, Bernardo Vega, Trujillo y Haiti, Volumen II (1937-1938). Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1995. 427 pp.-Danielle Bégot, Elborg Forster ,Sugar and slavery, family and race: The letters and diary of Pierre Dessalles, Planter in Martinique, 1808-1856. Elborg & Robert Forster (eds. and trans.). Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1996. 322 pp., Robert Forster (eds)-Catherine Benoit, Richard D.E. Burton, La famille coloniale: La Martinique et la mère patrie, 1789-1992. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1994. 308 pp.-Roderick A. McDonald, Kathleen Mary Butler, The economics of emancipation: Jamaica & Barbados, 1823-1843. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. xviii + 198 pp.-K.O. Laurence, David Chanderbali, A portrait of Paternalism: Governor Henry Light of British Guiana, 1838-48. Turkeyen, Guyana: Dr. David Chanderbali, Department of History, University of Guyana, 1994. xiii + 277 pp.-Mindie Lazarus-Black, Brian L. Moore, Cultural power, resistance and pluralism: Colonial Guyana 1838-1900. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press; Mona, Kingston: The Press-University of the West Indies, 1995. xv + 376 pp.-Madhavi Kale, K.O. Laurence, A question of labour: Indentured immigration into Trinidad and British Guiana, 1875-1917. Kingston: Ian Randle; London: James Currey, 1994. ix + 648 pp.-Franklin W. Knight, O. Nigel Bolland, On the March: Labour rebellions in the British Caribbean, 1934-39. Kingston: Ian Randle; London: James Currey, 1995. viii + 216 pp.-Linden Lewis, Kevin A. Yelvington, Producing power: Ethnicity, gender, and class in a Caribbean workplace. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995. xv + 286 pp.-Consuelo López Springfield, Alta-Gracia Ortíz, Puerto Rican women and work: Bridges in transnational labor. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996. xi + 249 pp.-Peta Henderson, Irma McClaurin, Women of Belize: Gender and change in Central America. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1996. x + 218 pp.-Bonham C. Richardson, David M. Bush ,Living with the Puerto Rico Shore. José Gonzalez Liboy & William J. Neal. Durham: Duke University Press, 1995. xx + 193 pp., Richard M.T. Webb, Lisbeth Hyman (eds)-Bonham C. Richardson, David Barker ,Environment and development in the Caribbean: Geographical perspectives. Mona, Kingston: The Press-University of the West Indies, 1995. xv + 304 pp., Duncan F.M. McGregor (eds)-Alma H. Young, Anthony T. Bryan ,Distant cousins: The Caribbean-Latin American relationship. Miami: North-South-Center Press, 1996. iii + 132 pp., Andrés Serbin (eds)-Alma H. Young, Ian Boxill, Ideology and Caribbean integration. Mona, Kingston: The Press-University of the West Indies, 1993. xiii + 128 pp.-Stephen D. Glazier, Howard Gregory, Caribbean theology: Preparing for the challenges ahead. Mona, Kingston: Canoe Press, University of the West Indies, 1995. xx + 118 pp.-Lise Winer, Richard Allsopp, Dictionary of Caribbean English usage. With a French and Spanish supplement edited by Jeanette Allsopp. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996. lxxviii + 697 pp.-Geneviève Escure, Jacques Arends ,Pidgins and Creoles: An introduction. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1995. xiv + 412 pp., Pieter Muysken, Norval Smith (eds)-Jacques Arends, Angela Bartens, Die iberoromanisch-basierten Kreolsprachen: Ansätze der linguistischen Beschreibung. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1995. vii + 345 pp.-J. Michael Dash, Richard D.E. Burton, Le roman marron: Études sur la littérature martiniquaise contemporaine. Paris: L'Harmattan. 1997. 282 pp.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 70, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1996): 133–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002634.
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-Sandra L. Richards, Judy S.J. Stone, Theatre. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1994. xii + 268 pp.-Lowell Fiet, Errol Hill, The Jamaican stage, 1655-1900: profile of a colonial theatre. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1992. xiv + 346 pp.-Supriya Nair, Bruce King, V.S. Naipaul. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. viii + 170 pp.-Agnes Lugo-Ortiz, Donald E. Rice, The rhetorical uses of the authorizing figure: Fidel Castro and José Martí. Westport CT: Praeger, 1992. xviii + 163 pp.-Graciella Cruz-Taura, Juan A. Martínez, Cuban art and national identity: The Vanguardia painters, 1927-1950. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. xiv + 189 pp.-Graciella Cruz-Taura, Luis Camnitzer, New art of Cuba. Austin; University of Texas Press, 1994. xxx + 400 pp.-Gary Brana-Shute, Richard Price ,On the mall: Presenting Maroon tradition-bearers at the 1992 festival of American folklife. Bloomington: Folklore Institute, Indiana University, 1994. xi + 123 pp., Sally Price (eds)-Erika Bourguignon, Stephan Palmié, Das Exil der Götter: Geschichte und Vorstellungswelt einer afrokubanischen Religion. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1991. vii + 520 pp.-Carla Freeman, Daniel Miller, Modernity, an ethnographic approach: Dualism and mass consumption in Trinidad. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 1994. 340 pp.-Daniel A. Segal, Kelvin Singh, Race and class: Struggles in a colonial state: Trinidad 1917-1945. Kingston; The Press - University of the West Indies, 1994. xxii + 284 pp.-Evelyne Huber, Patsy Lewis, Jamaica: Preparing for the twenty-first century. Kingston: Ian Randle, 1994. xvi + 272 pp.-Diane Vernon, Elisa Janine Sobo, One blood: The Jamaican body. Albany NY: State University of New York Press, 1993. vii + 329 pp.-Robert Myers, Patrick L. Baker, Centring the periphery: Chaos. order and the ethnohistory of Dominica. Kingston: The Press - University of the West Indies, 1994. xxviii + 251 pp.-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Debra Evenson, Revolution in the balance: Law and society in contemporary Cuba. Boulder CO: Westview, 1994. xiii + 235 pp.-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Mindie Lazarus-Black, Legitimate acts and illegal encounters: Law and society in Antigua and Barbuda. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994. xxv + 357 pp.-Michiel Baud, Luis Martínez-Fernández, Torn between empires: Economy, society, and patterns of political thought in the Hispanic Caribbean, 1840-1878. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1994. ix + 333 pp.-Stanley L. Engerman, Jorge F. Pérez-López, The economics of Cuban sugar. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991, xviii + 313 pp.-Rosario Espinal, Michiel Baud, Historia de un sueño: Los ferrocarriles públicos en la República Dominicana, 1880-1930. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1993. 145 pp.-Birgit Sonesson, Carlos Esteban Dieve, Las emigraciones canarias a Santo Domingo: Siglos XVII y XVIII. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1991. iii + 185 pp.-Erna Kerkhof, Juan Flores, Divided borders: Essays on Puerto Rican identity. Houston: Arte Público Press, 1993. 252 pp.-Cruz M. Nazario, Joan Koss-Chioino, Women as healers, women as patients: Mental health care and traditional healing in Puerto Rico. Boulder CO: Westview, 1992. xx + 237 pp.-Forrest D. Colburn, Andrés Serbin ,El Caribe y Cuba en la posguerra fría. Caracas: Editorial Nueva Sociedad, 1994. 272 pp., Joseph Tulchin (eds)-Winthrop R. Wright, Nina S. de Friedemann, La saga del negro: Presencia africana en Colombia. Santa Fe de Bogotá: Centro Editorial Javeriano, 1993. 117 pp.-Rita Giacalone, Francois Taglioni, Géopolitique des Petites Antilles: Influences européenne et nordaméricaine. Paris: Karthala, 1994. vii + 321 pp.-Daniel J. Crowley, Salikoko S. Mufwene, Africanisms in Afro-American language varieties. With the assistance of Nancy Condon. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1993. vii + 512 pp.-Peter Bakker, Joan D. Hall ,Old English and new: Studies in language and linguistics in honor of Frederic G. Cassidy. New York: Garland, 1992. xxxiii + 460 pp., Nick Doane, Dick Ringler (eds)-Peter Bakker, Francis Byrne ,Atlantic meets Pacific: A global view of Pidginization and Creolization. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1993. ix + 465 pp., John Holm (eds)-Jacques Arends, George L. Huttar ,Ndyuka. London: Routledge, 1994. 631 pp., Mary L. Huttar (eds)-P.C. Emmer, Henk den Heyer, De geschiedenis van de WIC. Zutphen, Netherlands: De Walburg Pers, 1994. 208 pp.-Wim Hoogbergen, A.F. Paula, 'Vrije' slaven: Een sociaal-historische studie over de dualistische slavenemancipatie op Nederlands Sint Maarten, 1816-1863. Zutphen, Netherlands: De Walburg Pers, 1993. 191 pp.-Wim Hoogbergen, Bea Brommer, Ik ben eigendom van ...: Slavenhandel en plantageleven. Wijk en Aalburg, Netherlands: Pictures Publishers, 1993. 144 pp.-Gert Oostindie, Ben Scholtens, Bosnegers en overheid in Suriname: De ontwikkeling van de politieke verhouding 1651-1992. Paramaribo: Afdeling Cultuurstudies/Minov, 1994. 237 pp.-Edward M. Dew, Marten Schalkwijk, Suriname: Het steentje in de Nederlandse schoen: Van onafhankelijkheid tot raamverdrag. Paramaribo: Firgos Suriname, 1994. 356 pp.
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Ray, Debashish, and K. Andrew White. "An Internally Located RNA Hairpin Enhances Replication of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus RNAs." Journal of Virology 77, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.1.245-257.2003.
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ABSTRACT Defective interfering (DI) RNAs of Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), a plus-sense RNA virus, comprise four conserved noncontiguous regions (I through IV) derived from the viral genome. Region III, a 70-nucleotide-long sequence corresponding to a genomic segment located 378 nucleotides upstream of the 3′ terminus of the genome, has been found to enhance DI RNA accumulation by approximately 10-fold in an orientation-independent manner (D. Ray and K. A. White, Virology 256:162-171, 1999). In this study, a more detailed structure-function analysis of region III was conducted. RNA secondary-structure analyses indicated that region III contains stem-loop structures in both plus and minus strands. Through deletion analyses of a DI RNA, a primary determinant of region III activity was mapped to the 5′-proximal 35-nucleotide segment. Compensatory-type mutational analyses showed that a stem-loop structure in the minus strand of this subregion was required for enhanced DI RNA replication. The same stem-loop structure was also found to function in a position-independent manner in a DI RNA (albeit at reduced levels) and to be important for efficient accumulation within the context of the TBSV genome. Taken together, these observations suggest that the 5′-proximal segment of region III is a modular RNA replication element that functions primarily through the formation of an RNA hairpin structure in the minus strand.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1999 d-256"
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Velarde, Laos Edmundo. "Fatty acid and lipid chemistry / F. D. Gunstone. London: Chapman and Hall, 1996. 252 p." Revista de Química, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/99752.
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Milone, Cristiana. "Association between Serum Vitamin D Concentrations and Depression in the US Population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/5.
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Background: The role of nutrients in mental health has recently been recognized and investigated. Vitamin D has been known to play a role in a wide range of diseases, such as bone, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Recently, its role in cognitive function and mental health has been reported. Vitamin D receptor and hydroxylases have been mapped throughout the brain, suggesting a role for vitamin D in brain tissue. An inverse association between vitamin D and depression was observed in European epidemiologic studies. There is a paucity of data on the association between vitamin D concentrations and depression in the U.S. population. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between serum vitamin D concentrations and depression in a large, nationally representative sample survey, the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994 (NHANES III). Methods: The study sample included 7970 adults, ages 15-39 years, who completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for depression and had vitamin D concentrations measured. SAS and SUDAAN statistical software packages were used in data analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of having depression in vitamin D deficient persons in relation to vitamin D sufficient persons, after taking several confounding variables into consideration. Significance was set at α < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in women than in men (24 % vs. 15%), higher in African-Americans than in whites (60% vs. 10%), higher in people living in metropolitan rather than in rural areas (25% vs. 14%), and higher in subjects below the poverty threshold than in higher income subjects (29% vs. 14%). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency increased as BMI increased. The diagnostic variables for depression did not show an association with vitamin D deficiency after adjusting for several confounding factors. However, subjects having a depressive episode at the time of the interview, were significantly more likely to exhibit vitamin D deficiencies (OR = 1.85; P = 0.0210). Conclusions: This is the first large epidemiologic study on the association between vitamin D and depression in a US representative sample survey. A significant positive association was found between subjects having an episode of depression and vitamin D deficiency. However, a causal relationship could not be established due to the cross-sectional nature of the study. Further studies need to investigate the mechanistic and causal relation between vitamin D and depression.
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Gaščenko, Jevgenijus. "Lietuvos Respublikos Seimo politinė ir organizacinė struktūra 1992 m. spalio 25 d. Konstitucijoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100224_111351-84841.
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Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe, remiantis Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo jurispurdencija, nagrinėjama Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijoje, Seimo statute ir kituose įstatymuose įtvirtinta Seimo įgaliojimų apimtis ir principai pačiam nusistatyti savo struktūrą ir darbo tvarką; atskleidžiama Seimo struktūros samprata pagal 1992 m. spalio 25 d. Lietuvos Respublikos Konstituciją; analizuojama konstitucinės formuluotės, kad Seimo statutas turi įstatymo galią, jos samprata ir turinys; nagrinėjamas Seimo politinių ir organizacinių struktūrinių vienetų teisinis statusas ir funkcionavimo teisiniai aspektai bei su tuo susijusios praktikoje kylančios teisinės problemos.
Pirmoje šio darbo dalyje yra aptariami svarbesni Lietuvos Respublikos 1918–1940 metų konstituciniai parlamento raidos ir organizavimo teisiniai aspektai. Kalbama apie Lietuvos Valstybės Tarybą (laikinąją Lietuvos parlamentinę instituciją), Steigiamojo Seimo bei pirmųjų Lietuvos Respublikos Seimų raidą ir organizacinės struktūros teisinius aspektus. Ne mažiau svarbus Lietuvos parlamentarizmo istorijoje yra ir 1990–1992 metų Lietuvos Respublikos Aukščiausiosios Tarybos-Atkuriamojo Seimo laikotarpis, todėl šiame darbe taip pat aptariami ir šios išskirtinės parlamentinės institucijos statuso ir struktūros organizavimo teisiniai aspektai.
Nagrinėjant dabartinę Seimo struktūrą, nemažai dėmesio skiriama ir istorinei Seimo struktūros patirčiai, analizuojama ne tik šiuo metu galiojanti Lietuvos Respublikos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]In this master's thesis on the basis of the Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania, there is considered the extent of Parliament‘s authority legitimated in the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, the Seimas‘ Statute and other laws and the code to set its own structure and procedure. Here is also discovered the concept of Seimas structure in accordance with the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania of the 25th of October, 1992. Here are analyzed the constitutional formulation that the Seimas’ Statute has a force of the law; as well as the concept and content; there is analyzed the legal status and functioning of the legal aspects and the related legal problems arising in practice. At the first part of this work there are discussed the most important aspects of development and organizational law aspects in the Republic of Lithuania during the period of the year 1918–1940. This is the Council of the State of Lithuania (provisional Lithuanian parliamentary authority), the evolution of Constituent Assembly and the first Lithuanian Parliaments and the legal aspects of their organizational structure. In the history of Lithuanian parliamentary there is no less important the period of the year 1990–1992, the Supreme Council and the Reconstituent Seimas, so in this work there is also discussed the unique status of the parliamentary institution and the legal aspects of the organization of the structure. Researching the current structure of the... [to full text]
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Paquet, André. "L'image de l'homme politique grec dans la cité hellénistique d'après Polybe." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17642.
Full textBooks on the topic "1999 d-256"
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United States. President (1989-1993 : Bush). Making available an appropriation in budget authority: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a report making available an appropriation in budget authority for the Department of Agriculture, pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(D)(i) of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Requests for fiscal year 1996 supplemental appropriations: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request for FY 1996 supplemental appropriations totaling $250 million to intensify our nation's drug law enforcement, treatment, and prevention efforts, and to designate the amount made available as an emergency requirement pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(D)(i) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended, pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.
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United States. President (1989-1993 : Bush). Making available an appropriation in budget authority: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a report making available in [i.e. an] appropriation in budget authority to the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, HUD, the Interior, and Labor, pursuant to 251(b)(2)(D)(i) of the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Emergency supplemental appropriations request: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a request to make available appropriations in budget authority for the Department of Commerce, pursuant to Pub. L. 99-177, sec. 251(b)(2)(D)(i). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Emergency relief funds for the Northridge earthquake and recent flooding in the Southeast: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request to make available appropriations totalling $470,000,000 in budget authority for the Small Business Administration, and to designate the amount as emergency requirements pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(D)(i) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended, pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Emergency supplemental appropriations request: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting a request to make available appropriations in budget authority for the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture, pursuant to Pub. L. 99-177, sec. 251(b)(2)(D)(i). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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Eisenhower: In war and peace. New York: Random House, 2012.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Making available emergency appropriations: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request to make available emergency appropriations totaling $150,000,000 in budget authority for the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture, and to designate these amounts as emergency requirements pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(D)(i) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended, pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Emergency relief funds for Tropical Storm Alberto, the January 17th earthquake in southern California, storm-caused mudslides in Kentucky, and the Midwest floods of 1993: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request to make available appropriations totalling $16,150,000 in budget authority for the Departments of the Interior and Labor, the Corporation for National and Community Service, and the Legal Services Corporation, and to designate these amounts as emergency requirements pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(D)(i) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended, pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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United States. President (1993-2001 : Clinton). Request for a fiscal year 1996 supplemental appropriation for support of the Israeli Government's urgent requirement for counter-terrorism assistance: Communication from the President of the United States transmitting his request for a fiscal year 1996 supplemental appropriation for support of the Israeli Government's urgent requirement for counter-terrorism assistance, and to designate the amount made available as an emergency requirement pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(D)(i) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended, pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 1107. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "1999 d-256"
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Pepper, John W., and Barbara B. Smuts. "The Evolution of Cooperation in an Ecological Context : An Agent-Based Model." In Dynamics in Human and Primate Societies. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131673.003.0008.
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The social and behavioral sciences have a long-standing interest in the factors that foster selfish (or individualistic) versus altruistic (or cooperative) behavior. Since the 1960s, evolutionary biologists have also devoted considerable attention to this issue. In the last 25 years, mathematical models (reviewed in Wilson and Sober 1994) have shown that, under particular demographic conditions, natural selection can favor traits that benefit group members as a whole, even when the bearers of those traits experience reduced reproductive success relative to other members of their group. This process, often referred to as "trait group selection" (D. S. Wilson 1975) can occur when the population consists of numerous, relatively small "trait groups," defined as collections of individuals who influence one another's fitness as a result of the trait in question. For example, consider a cooperative trait such as alarm calling, which benefits only individuals near the alarm caller. A trait group would include all individuals whose fitness depends on whether or not a given individual gives an alarm call. If the cooperative trait confers sufficiently large reproductive benefits on the average group member, it can spread. This is because trait groups that happen to include a large proportion of cooperators will send out many more offspring into the population as a whole than will groups containing few, or no cooperators. Thus, even though noncooperators out reproduce cooperators within trait groups (because they experience the benefits of the presence of cooperators without incurring the costs), this advantage can be offset by differences in rates of reproduction between trait groups. Numerous models of group selection (Wilson and Sober 1994) show that whether cooperative traits can spread depends on the relative magnitude of fitness effects at these two levels of selection (within and between trait groups). In addition, there is a growing body of empirical evidence for the operation of group selection in nature (e.g., Colwell 1981; Breden and Wade 1989; Bourke and Pranks 1995; Stevens et al. 1995; Seeley 1996; Miralles et al. 1997; Brookfield 1998) and under experimental conditions (reviewed in Goodnight and Stevens 1997).
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Ridings, Catherine M. "Defining "Virtual Community"." In Virtual Technologies, 8–14. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-955-7.ch002.
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The rise of the Internet has spawned the prolific use of the adjective “virtual.” Both the popular press and scholarly researchers have written about virtual work, virtual teams, virtual organizations, and virtual groups. But perhaps one of the most interesting phenomena to come to the forefront has been that of virtual communities. Many definitions of this term have been proposed and the term has been used in many different ways. This article will examine some of the most popular definitions and guidelines to understand what truly constitutes a virtual community. To define a virtual community, one needs to first examine the two words separately, particularly the sociological definition of “community.” The German sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies, in his 1887 book, made the distinction between two basic types of social groups: Gemeinschaft (community) and Gesellschaft (society). The former was often exemplified by the family or neighborhood (Tonnies, 1957). Sociology literature also often refers to the definition given by George Hillery, who reviewed 94 different definitions in academic studies. Three elements were common to the definitions, namely that community (1) was based on geographic areas, (2) included social interaction among people, and (3) had common ties such as social life, norms, means, or ends (Hillery, 1955). Thus the term community typically connotes a group of people within some geographic boundary, such as a neighborhood, or perhaps smaller subsection of a larger city. Further specification might have defined a community as a group of people within the geographic boundary with a common interest, such as the Jewish community of Brooklyn or the physician community of London. Therefore, members of the community were drawn together by both local proximity and common interest, even if the interest was in the geographic area itself. The term virtual, precipitated by the advent of information technology, and specifically, the Internet, means without a physical place as a home (Handy, 1995), or that which is electronic or enabled by technology (Lee, Vogel, & Limayem, 2003). Information technology therefore has expanded the means by which the social interaction in communities can be accomplished. While for most of human existence interaction was strictly limited to the face-to-face medium, social interaction can now be accomplished virtually, thus eliminating the necessity of being physically close enough to communicate. This type of communication is called computer-mediated communication (CMC). Combining the two terms together, thus, would mean eliminating the geographic requirements and allowing that the social interaction would occur virtually, that is, via information technology, among people with common ties. In fact, people have been coming together in virtual communities on the Internet for over 25 years. Usenet newsgroups, started in 1979, are widely regarded as the first virtual communities on the Internet (M. A. Smith, 1999), and The Well (www.well.com), started in 1985, is often referred to as an early exemplar of virtual community (Rheingold, 1993). Virtual communities may be part of a long-term shift away from geographic ties to common interest ties (Wellman & Gulia, 1999b). Formal definitions and understandings of the term virtual community still remain problematic, however (Lee et al., 2003). Perhaps the most cited definition is that of Howard Rheingold, a prominent author, consultant, and member of The Well: Social aggregations that emerge from the Net when enough people carry on those public discussions long enough, with sufficient human feeling, to form webs of personal relationships in cyberspace. (Rheingold, 1993, p. 5) Common to many of the definitions is the presence of shared interests or goals (Dennis, Pootheri, & Natarajan, 1998; Figallo, 1998; Kilsheimer, 1997). With the advent of information technology, locating/contacting others outside the local community has become relatively easy, especially when one seeks others who have a unique or uncommon interest. It may be that technology makes it easier for communities to form. For example, it may be difficult for someone interested in traditional bowhunting to locate others with the same inclinations by popping into the local tavern or socializing at a church function. However, a simple search in Google reveals a vibrant community centered around such an interest (www.bowsite.com/). There are virtual communities for nearly every interest that comes to mind, from medical afflictions (e.g., breast cancer, Parkinson’s, Down’s syndrome) to hobbies (e.g., coin collecting, wine, saltwater aquariums) to professions (e.g., nursing, law, finance). Implicit with the notion of community is some permanence among members and frequency of visits by members (A. D. Smith, 1999). Virtual communities must have a sense of long-term interaction (Erickson, 1997), not a place where people go only occasionally or where there are always different people. It is not uncommon for people to develop strong attachments to virtual communities, visiting them often enough to be described as “addicted” (Hiltz, 1984; Hiltz & Wellman, 1997). The members often feel part of a larger social whole within a web of relationships with others (Figallo, 1998). Indeed, many researchers have considered virtual communities as social networks (Hiltz & Wellman, 1997; Wellman, 1996; Wellman & Gulia, 1999a). Ridings et al. (2002) offer a comprehensive definition that incorporates the afore-mentioned concepts: Groups of people with common interests and practices that communicate regularly and for some duration in an organized way over the Internet through a common location or mechanism. (p. 273)
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Rossetto, O., and R. Pellizzari. "Botulinum neurotoxins type A and E (Clostridium botulinum)." In Guidebook to Protein Toxins and Their Use in Cell Biology, 105–6. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198599555.003.0036.
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Abstract Botulinum neurotoxins are structurally related protein toxins (BoNTs) produced by Clostridia in seven different serotypes: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. BoNTs penetrate motorneurons at the neuromuscular junction and block acetylcholine release, thus causing the flaccid paralysis of botulism. They impair neurotransmission via the selective cleavage of proteins of the synaptic vesicles docking and fusion complex. BoNT/A and E are involved in human botulism and cleave SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa), a protein bound to the cytosolic face of the plasma membrane. Botulinum neurotoxins A and E are produced by bacteria of the genus Clostridium and are responsible for the flaccid paralysis of botulism (Hatheway 1995). They are synthesized as a single inactive polypeptide chain of 150 kDa complexed with non-neurotoxic components and released by bacterial lysis. Bacterial or tissue proteases cleave the neurotoxin within an exposed loop and generate the active di-chain form composed of a heavy-chain (H, 100 kDa) and a light chain (L, 50 kDa) bridged by a single interchain disulphide bond. BoNTs bind the presynaptic membrane via the heavy chain and enter the neuron cytosol, where the light chain exerts its proteolytic activity (Montecucco and Schiavo 1995). The gene encoding for BoNT/A is located on a plasmid of variable size (1295 amino acid residues, GeneBank accession number X52066), whereas the gene that codes for BoNT/E is on a bacteriophage (1250 amino acid residues, GeneBank accession number X62089) (Eklund et al. 1989; Minton 1995).
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"Financial Administration." In The United Nations System and its Predecessors, edited by Franz Knipping, 542–61. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198764496.003.0009.
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Abstract Bibliographical references: H.B. Ames: The League of Nations. Financial Administration and Apportionment of Expenses, Geneva (Information Section, L.N. Secretariat) 1923; S. Jacklin: The Finances of the League, International Affairs 13 (1934), 689-696; J. D. Singer: The Finances of the League of Nations, International Organisation 13 (1959), 255-273. Source: L.N., Records of the Third Assembly 1922, Plenary Meetings, I, 351; II, 2u; Records of the Fourth Assembly 1923, Fourth Committee 58, 194 [C.663.M.266.1923.X. of 15 October 1923].
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Emery, K. O., and David Neev. "Sodom and Gomorrah Event." In The Destruction of Sodom, Gomorrah, and Jericho. Oxford University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195090949.003.0009.
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About 7800 B.P. after the first effects of warmings and droughts associated with the Atlantic Interval, many people of the Mideast moved into river floodplains where suitable agricultural soils and freshwater were available. Prominent examples are in Mesopotamia, the Nile Valley, and along the Jordan-Dead Sea rift. The extremely dry climates occasionally improved because of small fluctuations within the Chalcolithic and a larger one during Early Bronze II, when there was a 250-year wet interval. These climatic changes explain the settling, flourishing, and abandonment by the Ghassulians about 6000 B.C. and of the city of Arad, 4900 to 4650 B.P. at the fringe of the desert (R. Amiran and Gophna, 1989, n. 18; D. Amiran, 1991; Gilead, 1993). During the Early Bronze ages overall the climatic conditions in the Dead Sea region were not appreciably different from those at present, as attested by fossil flora found in excavations at Bab edh-Dhr’a and Numeira (McCreery, 1980). High yields of agriculture in fertile irrigated areas were an incentive to settle in the Plain of Sodom. This settling gradually intensified within the fertile plains of the Jordan-Dead Sea region as well as in Canaan through Early Bronze I and II but weakened toward the end of Early Bronze III. This is indicated by the pattern of settlements that developed from individual villages to city-states with satellite villages—mostly because of economic and social motivations— which later were changed into fortified communities (Esse, 1989). A gradual increase in fortification of Early Bronze settlements along the Dead Sea and Jordan Valley basins and the position of some of them along the narrow elevated step-faulted strip of the east foothills (Zori, 1962;Ben-Arieh, 1965; Rast, 1987 and personal communication, 1989) indicate increased need for defense by settlers against raids and invasions. These evidences of stress probably resulted from gradual climatic drying and warming. Investments in defense facilities were worthwhile if increased productivity was tempting enough. Such areas could have been found not only along the east foothills but also at the foot of the Amazyahu fault escarpment and in the delta of Nahal Zohar north of Mount Sedom if fresh or slightly brackish water was available there during the Early Bronze age.
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Maroni, Gustavo. "Fushi-Tarazu: Ftz." In An Atlas of Drosophila Genes, 144–53. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071160.003.0014.
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Abstract The homeodomain occurs between Ser-257 and Arg-316 (Laughon and Scott 1984). Like Antennapedia’s (Antp) homeodomain (ANTP-HD), the ftz homeodomain (FTZ-HD) has a Gln in position 9 of helix 3 (ftz Sequence, H3); this gives FTZ a binding specificity that distinguishes it from the bicoid ( b c d ) and paired (prd) products, in which Lys and Ser respectively occupy position 9 (Treisman et al. 1989). FTZ occurs as a family of phosphorylated isoforms; 19 differently charged forms were detected. Given the numerous Ser and Thr residues available for modification, the total number of specific isoforms could be much larger. Some isoforms are specific to certain embryonic stages (Krause and Gehring 1989).
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Aires Oliveira, Pedro. "DESALENTO E RESIGNAÇÃO: A DESCOLONIZAÇÃO ENTRE OS INTELECTUAIS ULTRAMARINISTAS PORTUGUESES (1974-1979)." In HISTÓRIAS E MEMÓRIAS DOS FASCISMOS NUMA ÉPOCA DE CRISE, 273–300. ediPUCRS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1745.13.
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À beira de completarmos meio século sobre a queda do Estado Novo, não é ainda claro se a maior parte dos portugueses se reconciliou por inteiro com o fenómeno da descolonização. Vários inquéritos de opinião e questionários (de abrangência variável) realizados entre meados dos anos 1970 e meados da década de 1990 apontavam para um divórcio entre a população inquirida e um dos três “D” do 25 de abril de 1974 (os outros sendo a democratização e o desenvolvimento). Não exatamente sobre a inevitabilidade das independências africanas (sobre isso parecia haver algum consenso).
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Rosenthal, David. "Consciousness and Metacognition." In Metarepresentations, 265–96. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195141146.003.0010.
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Abstract Metacognition has attracted considerable attention in recent psychological research. There has been extensive investigation, for example, of our metacognitive sense that information is present in memory even when that information is not consciously available, as well as investigation of the degrees of confidence people have about recall responses and about how well something has been learned. Moreover, the deficits that occur in such conditions as blindsight and visual agnosia and in certain forms of amnesia can usefully be seen as”[d]isruptions of metacognition” (Shi mamura, 1994, p. 255). These and other investigations have highlighted the importance of studying the grasp we have of our own cognitive abilities and performance.
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"Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon." In Biology, Management, and Protection of North American Sturgeon, edited by Stuart A. Welsh, Sheila M. Eyler, Michael F. Mangold, and Albert J. Spells. American Fisheries Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569360.ch15.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—Little information exists on temporal and spatial distributions of wild and hatch-ery-reared Atlantic sturgeon <em>Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus</em> in the Chesapeake Bay. Approximately 3,300 hatchery-reared Atlantic sturgeon comprised of two size groups were released into the Nanticoke River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, on 8 July 1996. During January 1996–May 2000, 1099 Atlantic sturgeon were captured incidentally (i.e., bycatch) by commercial watermen in the Chesapeake Bay, including 420 hatchery-reared individuals. Wild and hatchery-reared Atlantic sturgeon were captured primarily in pound nets and gill nets. Biologists tagged each fish and recorded weight, length, and location of capture. Although two adults greater than 2000 mm fork length (FL) were captured in Maryland waters, wild sturgeon were primarily juveniles from Maryland and Virginia waters (415 and 259 individuals below 1000 mm FL, respectively). A growth rate of 0.565 mm/d (<EM>N </EM>= 15, SE = 0.081) was estimated for wild individuals (487–944 mm TL at release) at liberty from 30 to 622 d. The average growth of the group of hatchery-reared Atlantic sturgeon raised at 10°C exceeded that of the group raised at 17°C. Our distributional data based on capture locations are biased by fishery dependence and gear selectivity. These data are informative to managers, however, because commercial effort is widely distributed in the Chesapeake Bay, and little distributional data were available before this study.
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David, Serge. "Configuration of monosaccharides." In The Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry of Carbohydrates: Chemical Introduction to the Glycosciences, 1–16. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198500476.003.0001.
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Abstract Glucose is extremely soluble in water: 0.5 kg can be dissolved in 250 mL of hot water. The addition of acetic acid to this solution brings about a slow precipita tion of crystals. This is one of various tautomers, referred to in the official nomenclature as ‘α-D-glucopyranose’, a word whose exact meaning will be defined later in this chapter. The absolute configuration of this solid is known through the association of X-ray and neutron diffraction analyses which give the 23 bond lengths, the 42 valency angles, and the 69 torsion angles of this molecule (Brown and Levy 1979). In the schematic representation 1.1 of this configuration, carbons 2 and 3 of the chain are assumed to be in front of the molecule and carbons 1 and 4 in the plane of the drawing. The other carbons and the ring oxygen are at the back of the molecule.
Conference papers on the topic "1999 d-256"
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Haiping, Chang, Chen Wanbing, and Huang Taiping. "3-D Numerical Simulation of Impinging Jet Cooling With Initial Crossflow." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-256.
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In modern high performance gas turbine aeroengines, the cooling of the turbine guide vane and/or blade is very important for the reliability of the component. The impinging jet with initial crossflow is one of the effectual ways for cooling the airfoils of the midchord region of the turbine guide vane and/or blade. For improving the cooling efficiency and analyzing the thermal stresses in these components, it is necessary to know the flow field and the temperature distribution. The three dimensional numerical analyses for the flow field and temperature distribution of the impinging jet cooling with initial crossflow have been presented in this paper. In this study, the non-staggered grid is used and the undulate pressure field can also be avoided. By comparing the different turbulence models, the low Reynolds number k-ε turbulence model developed by K. Abe and T. Kondoh is employed. The flow field of impinging jet with initial crossflow is very much complicated. By the numerical analysis, the form of the twin vortices, the effect of the jet-to-crossflow mass flux ratio on the heat transfer characteristics have been observed.
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Lu, Taiwei, Andrew Kostrzewski, Hung Chou, and Freddie Lin. "Space and Fourier domain holographic associative memory for robust pattern recognition." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.mii6.
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A 2-D associative memory of N×N input/output elements require a 4-D memory matrix of N4 elements. It is difficult to implement a fully parallel large size electronic associative memory in view of the 1-D interconnection limitations. Optical holographic media provides high resolution, large dynamic range, and 3-D reconstruction capabilities. These properties lead to the design of a large scale holographic associative memory (HAM) for parallel auto- and heteroassociations. A new N4 recording scheme has been employed in an automatic recording system that is capable of recording a 4-D memory matrix to a 2-D array of up to 256 × 256 holograms. An interpattem association training model is used to extract special features of the stored patterns and to construct excitatory and inhibitory interconnections in the associative memory. An LCTV based prototype system has been constructed and a 32 × 32 element HAM installed for real-time pattern recognition. Since most spatial domain HAMs cannot perform distortion invariant pattern recognition, a Fourier domain HAM is proposed to store multiple synthetic filters for prompt shift-scale-rotation invariant pattern recognition.
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Haney, M. W., and J. J. Levy. "Optically cascadable folded perfect shuffle." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.mq2.
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The folded perfect shuffle1 (FPS) was proposed to overcome the space-bandwidth product limitations of 1-D optics. The approach is based on 2-D raster formatting of the input data and an off-axis magnifying imaging system which overlays and shifts the data to the proper format. Pixel interlacing is achieved via subpixel masking, shifted input elements, or shifted imaging lenses. The interconnection patterns comprising a multistage network generally must be cascadable to preclude the need for active interstage regeneration. In a cascadable network both output and input have the same intensity, format, array and pixel dimensions, and beam angles. The previous FPS approach does not meet these criteria. We propose a cascadable implementation of the FPS, based on the original off-axis imaging system, using imaging lenses to provide the proper pixel placement. A 2-D lenslet array is added to correct for the magnification of each data pixel, and a 2-D microprism array generates the1 proper beam angles so that light will not walk out of the system. The architecture has no fundamental light loss, and every stage is identical and possesses lenslet and prism arrays that can be fabricated, in large sizes (e.g., 256 × 256), with current technology.
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Prusten, Mark J., and Arthur F. Gmitro. "An Optical Flash Analog to Digital Converter." In Optical Computing. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/optcomp.1995.otue3.
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Fast analog-to-digital (A/D) converters are important in a number of applications. Several systems have been proposed for fast A/D converters using optical technology1-4. The most common types of converters are the successive approximation and Flash converters. In a Flash converter there is a separate comparator for each possible output bit code. Each comparator is biased with a reference level that is a specific increment of the full scale value. Since comparators in a Flash converter operate in parallel, this architecture is intrinsically fast. However, as the accuracy requirements increase, the number of comparators increases as 2N where N is the number of bits. In the case of an 8 bit Flash ADC, there are 256 comparators. The 256 comparator output signals are routed to a decoder circuit that produces and 8 bit digital word. The schematic for a Flash converter is shown in Fig. 1. The focus of this paper is on a new implementation of an 8 bit Flash converter utilizing optical technologies.
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Molley, Perry A., and K. Terry Stalker. "Demonstration of a real time acoustooptic image correlator." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.mff3.
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A demonstration of a real time image correlator based on acoustooptic and charge coupled devices is presented. This architecture utilizes 1-D devices to perform the desired 2-D correlation. The 2-D correlation is performed as a series of multichannel time integrating correlations between each input image line and the reference template which is stored in an electronic memory. The rows of the reference template are introduced into the processor in parallel using a 1-D light emitting diode array. The correlation in the vertical direction is performed using a modified charge coupled device operating in the shift and add mode. Modifications which dramatically improved both the dynamic range and light efficiency of the original architecture1 were previously reported.2 This demonstration shows the real time capability of this high dynamic range acoustooptic correlator implementation. The real time correlation of a 64 × 64 pixel reference template with a 256 × 232 pixel input image at video rates is presented.
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Zhang, L., and K. M. Johnson. "Optoelectronic connectionist machines." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.muu4.
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The optoelectronic connectionist machine (OCM) presented in this paper consists of three primary components: a 1 × 256 electrically addressed, SmA ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) modulator, which represents the input neurons, a 2-D, optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM), which is used to encode and modify the connections between input and output units, and a CCD camera that differentially detects the bipolar connections and inputs the resultant output vector to the controlling IBM PC via a data translation board. The input patterns are amplitude encoded on 100 μm × 25.4-mm FLC pixels in the input array. The synaptic weights are displayed on a computer driven cathode ray tube (CRT) and written onto the reflection-mode OASLM. The Litton CRT contains (640 × 480) 30-μm pixels in a 1-in. screen. Each pixel has a maximum of sixty-four gray levels. The OASLM has a resolution of 70 lp/mm at 50% MTF. The OCM was designed to interconnect 256 input units to 256 output units at megahertz rates using the high speed, electroclinic FLC input SLM.
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Lin, Freddie, Taiwei Lu, Andrew Kostrzewski, and Hung Chou. "Holographic optical processing elements for digital processing and interconnection. 1: system design considerations." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.muu2.
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This paper reports the design and fabrication of a prototype holographic optical processor array—HOPE—for parallel optical logic, arithmetic and interconnect operations. The volume holographic technology gives the inherent advantages of high resolution, large dynamic range, large recording area, low cost and 3-D interconnection capabilities. A set of rules and input/output lookup tables can be recorded in a holographic associative memory, and then the HOPE performs parallel operations by input/output symbolic substitutions and thresholds. A practical N4 recording scheme has been developed to record a 2-D array of holographic elements. The automatic recording system is capable of constructing an array of up to 256 × 256 holograms on a 128 × 128 mm2 holographic plate, each hologram 0.5 × 0.5 mm2 in size. Based on large array of holographic elements, the HOPE has the potential of highly parallel computation between thousands of optical processors in a compact system. The aim of this research study is toward the concept design of a HOPE architecture with the electronic counterpart-connection machine in mind. A prototype HOPE system is designed and fabricated with moderate number of holographic elements (approximately 1000 holograms of 1 × 1 mm2 in size) which employs commercially available devices such as high contrast liquid crystal television and CCD camera as input and output interface. Evaluation of the system performance is also discussed.
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Zweig, A. D., V. Romano, M. Frenz, H. P. Weber, B. Meierhofer, O. M. Muller, and C. Mischler. "Laser incisions in surgery: pulsed vs cw cuts." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.fi8.
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When laser cutting tissue a coagulated layer is formed along the incision walls. We studied its extension in freshly excised animal dermis cut by identical overlapping laser pulses of 250-μs duration at a repetition rate of 4 Hz. We compare the effect of a free running 2.94-μm Er3+ laser with a penetration depth d < 1 μm and a CO2 laser with d ≈ 10 μm. If the cutting beams are focused to diameters smaller than half of a millimeter, the extensions of the resulting thermal alterations in tissue, being typically larger than 300 μm, depend more strongly on the focal geometry than on the optical penetration depth of the drilling beam. Tissue material is heated, liquefied, and partially ejected during laser cutting.
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Park, Junhee, Young-Sun Choun, and Min Kyu Kim. "Evaluation of Long-Term Behavior by the Size of Lead Rubber Bearings." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63803.
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In the nuclear power plants (NPPs), the base isolators can be used to decrease the seismic force (acceleration, shear force, floor response spectra). During the lifetime of isolation systems, the mechanical properties of rubber bearings will be constantly changed by the vulcanization and degradation of the rubber due to environmental and chemical factors such as the thermal oxidation, ultraviolet irradiation, and ozone. Usually, thermal oxidation is the most significant degradation factors during the lifetime of natural rubber. Thermal oxidation hardens the rubber and results in a significant decrease in performance. It was presented that the stiffness was increased and damping was decreased by the aging of lead rubber bearings (LRB). It can be observed that the horizontal stiffness of rubber bearings increases about 10% after 15 to 40 years. Considering aging effect of bearings at the design stage, AASHTO [1999] suggested an aging factor for the post-yield stiffness in LRBs. The aging of LRB may be proceeded from the surface to internal because the aging of rubber bearings mainly affected by the oxidation. Therefore, the long-term behavior of LRB can different according to the size. In this study, the horizontal stiffness and damping was evaluated by the size of LRB using the analytical model. The LRBs with an outside diameter of 250 mm (D-250) and an outside diameter of 1,500 mm (D-1500) were selected as example model. In this study, Yeo model was used to model the properties of rubber material and ABAQUS was used as the analysis program. Aging depth of LRB was assumed to be 11 mm and 16 mm based on the accelerated thermal oxidation test. From the analysis result, the effective stiffness of LRB of D-250 was increased about 15%∼22% while the effective stiffness of LRB of D-1500 was increased about 4%∼9%. Although the aging depth of LRB was equal, the ratio aging area to total area of LRB was different according to the size of bearings. Therefore, the mechanical properties factors should be proposed considering the size of LRB.
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Phillips, J. R., and M. M. Gilkeson. "Reflections on a Clinical Approach to Engineering Design." In ASME 1991 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1991-0023.
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Abstract A report on the operation and management of the 25-year old Engineering Clinic, a university-centered design program which incorporates sponsored industrial R & D into its engineering program. In the three-course design sequence, third and fourth year students practice engineering in team-organized projects under counsel by a professor and his counterpart industrial liaison. Twenty-five to thirty projects are conducted each year.
Reports on the topic "1999 d-256"
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Travis, Amanda, Margaret Harvey, and Michelle Rickard. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Urinary Incontinence in Elementary School Aged Children. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0012.
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Purpose/Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have an impact on health throughout the lifespan (Filletti et al., 1999; Hughes et al., 2017). These experiences range from physical and mental abuse, substance abuse in the home, parental separation or loss, financial instability, acute illness or injury, witnessing violence in the home or community, and incarceration of family members (Hughes et al., 2017). Understanding and screening for ACEs in children with urinary incontinence can help practitioners identify psychological stress as a potentially modifiable risk factor. Methods: A 5-month chart review was performed identifying English speaking patients ages 6-11 years presenting to the outpatient urology office for an initial visit with a primary diagnosis of urinary incontinence. Charts were reviewed for documentation of individual or family risk factors for ACEs exposure, community risk factors for ACEs exposures, and records where no related documentation was included. Results: For the thirty-nine patients identified, no community risk factors were noted in the charts. Seventy-nine percent of patients had one or more individual or family risk factors documented. Implications for Nursing Practice This chart review indicates that a significant percentage of pediatric, school-aged patients presenting with urinary incontinence have exposure to ACEs. A formal assessment for ACEs at the time of initial presentation would be helpful to identify those at highest risk. References: Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med. 1998;14:245–258 Hughes, K., Bellis, M.A., Hardcastle, K.A., Sethi, D., Butchart, D., Mikton, C., Jones, L., Dunne, M.P. (2017) The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health, 2(8): e356–e366. Published online 2017 Jul 31.doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4 Lai, H., Gardner, V., Vetter, J., & Andriole, G. L. (2015). Correlation between psychological stress levels and the severity of overactive bladder symptoms. BMC urology, 15, 14. doi:10.1186/s12894-015-0009-6
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Blais-Stevens, A., A. Castagner, A. Grenier, and K D Brewer. Preliminary results from a subbottom profiling survey of Seton Lake, British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/332277.
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Seton Lake is a freshwater fiord located in southwestern British Columbia, roughly 4 km west of Lillooet and 250 km north-northeast of Vancouver. Located in the Coast Mountains, it is an alpine lake about 22-km long and roughly 1-1.5 km wide. It is separated from nearby Anderson Lake, located to the west, by a large pre-historic rock avalanche deposit at Seton Portage. The lake stands at about 243 m above sea level and is up to about 150 m deep (BC gov., 1953). Water level is controlled by a hydroelectric dam (i.e., Seton dam) located at the eastern end of the lake. Here, the lake drains east into Seton Canal, a 5 km diversion of the flow of the Seton River, which begins at the Seton dam. The Seton Canal pushes water to the Seton Powerhouse, a hydroelectric generating station at the Fraser River, just south of the community of Sekw'el'was and confluence of the Seton River, which drains into the Fraser River at Lillooet. Seton Portage, Shalatlh, South Shalatlh, Tsal'alh (Shalath), Sekw'el'was (Cayoosh Creek), and T'it'q'et (Lillooet) are communities that surround the lake. Surrounded by mountainous terrain, the lake is flanked at mid-slope by glacial and colluvial sediments deposited during the last glacial and deglacial periods (Clague, 1989; Jakob, 2018). The bedrock consists mainly of mafic to ultramafic volcanic rocks with minor carbonate and argillite from the Carboniferous to Middle Jurassic periods (Journeay and Monger, 1994). As part of the Public Safety Geoscience Program at the Geological Survey of Canada (Natural Resources Canada), our goal is to provide baseline geoscience information to nearby communities, stakeholders and decision-makers. Our objective was to see what kind of sediments were deposited and specifically if we could identify underwater landslide deposits. Thus, we surveyed the lake using a Pinger SBP sub bottom profiler made by Knudsen Engineering Ltd., with dual 3.5 / 200 kHz transducers mounted to a small boat (see photo). This instrument transmits sound energy down through the water column that reflects off the lake bottom surface and underlying sediment layers. At the lake surface, the reflected sound energy is received by the profiler, recorded on a laptop computer, and integrated with GPS data. These data are processed to generate a two-dimensional image (or profile) showing the character of the lake bottom and underlying sediments along the route that the boat passed over. Our survey in 2022 recorded 98 profiles along Seton Lake. The red transect lines show the locations of the 20 profiles displayed on the poster. The types of sediments observed are mostly fine-grained glaciolacustrine sediments that are horizontally bedded with a subtle transition between glaciolacustrine to lacustrine (e.g., profiles A-A'; C-C'; F-F'; S-S'). Profile S-S' displays this transition zone. The glaciolacustrine sediments probably were deposited as the Cordilleran Ice Sheet retreated from the local area (~13,000-11,000 years ago; Clague, 2017) and the lacustrine sediments, after the ice receded to present-day conditions. Some of the parallel reflections are interrupted, suggesting abrupt sedimentation by deposits that are not horizontally bedded; these are interpreted as landslide deposits (see pink or blue deposits on profiles). The deposits that show disturbance in the sedimentation found within the horizontal beds are thought to be older landslides (e.g., blue arrows/deposits in profiles C-C'; E-E'; F-F'; G-G'; I-I'; J-J'; K-K'; N-N'; P-P'; Q-Q'; R-R'; T-T'; U-U'), but the ones that are found on top of the horizontally laminated sediments (red arrows/pink deposits), and close to the lake wall, are interpreted to be younger (e.g., profiles B-B'; C-C'; H-H'; K-K'; M-M'; O-O'; P-P'; Q-Q'). At the fan delta just west of Seton dam, where there was no acoustic signal penetration, it is interpreted that the delta failed and brought down coarser deposits at the bottom of the lake (e.g., profiles H-H'; M-M'; and perhaps K-K'). However, these could be glacial deposits, bedrock, or other coarser deposits. Some of the deposits that reflect poor penetration of the acoustic signal, below the glaciolacustrine sediments, could represent glacial deposits, old landslide deposits, or perhaps the presence of gas (orange arrows; e.g, B-B'; D-D'; J-J'; O-O', T-T'). The preliminary results from sub bottom profiling reveal that there are underwater landslides deposits of widely varying ages buried in the bottom of the lake. However, the exact timing of these is not known. Hence our preliminary survey gives an overview of the distribution of landslides where there seems to be a larger number of landslides recorded in the narrower eastern portion of the lake.
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Goulet, Christine, Yousef Bozorgnia, Nicolas Kuehn, Linda Al Atik, Robert Youngs, Robert Graves, and Gail Atkinson. NGA-East Ground-Motion Models for the U.S. Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Maps. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/qozj4825.
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The purpose of this report is to provide a set of ground motion models (GMMs) to be considered by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for their National Seismic Hazard Maps (NSHMs) for the Central and Eastern U.S. (CEUS). These interim GMMs are adjusted and modified from a set of preliminary models developed as part of the Next Generation Attenuation for Central and Eastern North-America (CENA) project (NGA-East). The NGA-East objective was to develop a new ground-motion characterization (GMC) model for the CENA region. The GMC model consists of a set of GMMs for median and standard deviation of ground motions and their associated weights in the logic-tree for use in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). NGA-East is a large multidisciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), at the University of California, Berkeley. The project has two components: (1) a set of scientific research tasks, and (2) a model-building component following the framework of the “Seismic Senior Hazard Analysis Committee (SSHAC) Level 3” [Budnitz et al. 1997; NRC 2012]. Component (2) is built on the scientific results of component (1) of the NGA-East Project. This report does not document the final NGA-East model under (2), but instead presents interim GMMs for use in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Maps. Under component (1) of NGA-East, several scientific issues were addressed, including: (a) development of a new database of empirical data recorded in CENA; (b) development of a regionalized ground-motion map for CENA, (c) definition of the reference site condition; (d) simulations of ground motions based on different methodologies, (e) development of numerous GMMs for CENA, and (f) the development of the current report. The scientific tasks of NGA- East were all documented as a series of PEER reports. This report documents the GMMs recommended by the authors for consideration by the USGS for their NSHM. The report documents the key elements involved in the development of the proposed GMMs and summarizes the median and aleatory models for ground motions along with their recommended weights. The models presented here build on the work from the authors and aim to globally represent the epistemic uncertainty in ground motions for CENA. The NGA-East models for the USGS NSHMs includes a set of 13 GMMs defined for 25 ground-motion intensity measures, applicable to CENA in the moment magnitude range of 4.0 to 8.2 and covering distances up to 1500 km. Standard deviation models are also provided for general PSHA applications (ergodic standard deviation). Adjustment factors are provided for hazard computations involving the Gulf Coast region.