Academic literature on the topic '1996 l-635'

-Sandra L. Richards, Judy S.J. Stone, Theatre. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1994. xii + 268 pp.-Lowell Fiet, Errol Hill, The Jamaican stage, 1655-1900: profile of a colonial theatre. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1992. xiv + 346 pp.-Supriya Nair, Bruce King, V.S. Naipaul. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. viii + 170 pp.-Agnes Lugo-Ortiz, Donald E. Rice, The rhetorical uses of the authorizing figure: Fidel Castro and José Martí. Westport CT: Praeger, 1992. xviii + 163 pp.-Graciella Cruz-Taura, Juan A. Martínez, Cuban art and national identity: The Vanguardia painters, 1927-1950. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. xiv + 189 pp.-Graciella Cruz-Taura, Luis Camnitzer, New art of Cuba. Austin; University of Texas Press, 1994. xxx + 400 pp.-Gary Brana-Shute, Richard Price ,On the mall: Presenting Maroon tradition-bearers at the 1992 festival of American folklife. Bloomington: Folklore Institute, Indiana University, 1994. xi + 123 pp., Sally Price (eds)-Erika Bourguignon, Stephan Palmié, Das Exil der Götter: Geschichte und Vorstellungswelt einer afrokubanischen Religion. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1991. vii + 520 pp.-Carla Freeman, Daniel Miller, Modernity, an ethnographic approach: Dualism and mass consumption in Trinidad. Oxford: Berg Publishers, 1994. 340 pp.-Daniel A. Segal, Kelvin Singh, Race and class: Struggles in a colonial state: Trinidad 1917-1945. Kingston; The Press - University of the West Indies, 1994. xxii + 284 pp.-Evelyne Huber, Patsy Lewis, Jamaica: Preparing for the twenty-first century. Kingston: Ian Randle, 1994. xvi + 272 pp.-Diane Vernon, Elisa Janine Sobo, One blood: The Jamaican body. Albany NY: State University of New York Press, 1993. vii + 329 pp.-Robert Myers, Patrick L. Baker, Centring the periphery: Chaos. order and the ethnohistory of Dominica. Kingston: The Press - University of the West Indies, 1994. xxviii + 251 pp.-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Debra Evenson, Revolution in the balance: Law and society in contemporary Cuba. Boulder CO: Westview, 1994. xiii + 235 pp.-Riva Berleant-Schiller, Mindie Lazarus-Black, Legitimate acts and illegal encounters: Law and society in Antigua and Barbuda. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994. xxv + 357 pp.-Michiel Baud, Luis Martínez-Fernández, Torn between empires: Economy, society, and patterns of political thought in the Hispanic Caribbean, 1840-1878. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1994. ix + 333 pp.-Stanley L. Engerman, Jorge F. Pérez-López, The economics of Cuban sugar. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1991, xviii + 313 pp.-Rosario Espinal, Michiel Baud, Historia de un sueño: Los ferrocarriles públicos en la República Dominicana, 1880-1930. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1993. 145 pp.-Birgit Sonesson, Carlos Esteban Dieve, Las emigraciones canarias a Santo Domingo: Siglos XVII y XVIII. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1991. iii + 185 pp.-Erna Kerkhof, Juan Flores, Divided borders: Essays on Puerto Rican identity. Houston: Arte Público Press, 1993. 252 pp.-Cruz M. Nazario, Joan Koss-Chioino, Women as healers, women as patients: Mental health care and traditional healing in Puerto Rico. Boulder CO: Westview, 1992. xx + 237 pp.-Forrest D. Colburn, Andrés Serbin ,El Caribe y Cuba en la posguerra fría. Caracas: Editorial Nueva Sociedad, 1994. 272 pp., Joseph Tulchin (eds)-Winthrop R. Wright, Nina S. de Friedemann, La saga del negro: Presencia africana en Colombia. Santa Fe de Bogotá: Centro Editorial Javeriano, 1993. 117 pp.-Rita Giacalone, Francois Taglioni, Géopolitique des Petites Antilles: Influences européenne et nordaméricaine. Paris: Karthala, 1994. vii + 321 pp.-Daniel J. Crowley, Salikoko S. Mufwene, Africanisms in Afro-American language varieties. With the assistance of Nancy Condon. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1993. vii + 512 pp.-Peter Bakker, Joan D. Hall ,Old English and new: Studies in language and linguistics in honor of Frederic G. Cassidy. New York: Garland, 1992. xxxiii + 460 pp., Nick Doane, Dick Ringler (eds)-Peter Bakker, Francis Byrne ,Atlantic meets Pacific: A global view of Pidginization and Creolization. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1993. ix + 465 pp., John Holm (eds)-Jacques Arends, George L. Huttar ,Ndyuka. London: Routledge, 1994. 631 pp., Mary L. Huttar (eds)-P.C. Emmer, Henk den Heyer, De geschiedenis van de WIC. Zutphen, Netherlands: De Walburg Pers, 1994. 208 pp.-Wim Hoogbergen, A.F. Paula, 'Vrije' slaven: Een sociaal-historische studie over de dualistische slavenemancipatie op Nederlands Sint Maarten, 1816-1863. Zutphen, Netherlands: De Walburg Pers, 1993. 191 pp.-Wim Hoogbergen, Bea Brommer, Ik ben eigendom van ...: Slavenhandel en plantageleven. Wijk en Aalburg, Netherlands: Pictures Publishers, 1993. 144 pp.-Gert Oostindie, Ben Scholtens, Bosnegers en overheid in Suriname: De ontwikkeling van de politieke verhouding 1651-1992. Paramaribo: Afdeling Cultuurstudies/Minov, 1994. 237 pp.-Edward M. Dew, Marten Schalkwijk, Suriname: Het steentje in de Nederlandse schoen: Van onafhankelijkheid tot raamverdrag. Paramaribo: Firgos Suriname, 1994. 356 pp.

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, continues to be a consistent economic pest of field and sweet corn (Zea mays L.) in the upper midwestem United States. In Minnesota alone, O. nubilalis control costs and losses to sweet corn (ca. 50 630 ha) exceed $5,000,000 annually (Noetzel et al. 1985). Despite recent efforts to implement alternatives (Lewis and Bing 1991; Prokrym et al. 1992; Bartels and Hutchison 1993; Bolin et al. 1993), insecticide control continues to play a central role in O. nubilalis management programs.

Onion (Allium cepa var. cepa L.) is extensively grown under furrow irrigation in the western United States. Wheel compaction of furrows increases water runoff and erosion, and can lead to poor lateral water movement and reduced yields. We studied the effects of 560 to 800 lb/acre (630 to 900 kg·ha-1) wheat straw mechanically applied to the bottom of irrigation furrows on yield and bulb size of sweet Spanish onions in commercial onion fields in 1988, 1990, and 1991, and at an experiment station in 1991 and 1995. Furrows in commercial fields were either compacted with tractor wheels or not. In the commercial fields, straw application increased onion yield in plots with compacted furrows in 1988 and in all plots (with or without compacted furrows) in 1990. At the experiment station, straw mulch increased onion yield 64% in 1991, and 74% in 1995. Straw application primarily increased yields of jumbo (3 to 4 inches; 76 to 102 mm) and colossal (>4 inches; 10 cm) onions, whereas there was no effect on medium (2.25 to 3 inches; 57 to 76 mm) onions. We attributed yield improvements to decreased water runoff and increased lateral water movement and soil moisture.

ABSTRACT The Ets-1 transcription factor plays a critical role in cell growth and development, but the means by which it activates transcription are still unclear (J. C. Bories, D. M. Willerford, D. Grevin, L. Davidson, A. Camus, P. Martin, D. Stehelin, F. W. Alt, and J. C. Borles, Nature 377:635–638, 1995; N. Muthusamy, K. Barton, and J. M. Leiden, Nature 377:639–642, 1995). Here we show that Ets-1 binds the transcriptional coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP) and the related p300 protein (together referred to as CBP/p300) and that this interaction is required for specific Ets-1 transactivation functions. The Ets-1- and c-Myb-dependent aminopeptidase N (CD13/APN) promoter and an Ets-1-dependent artificial promoter were repressed by adenovirus E1A, a CBP/p300-specific inhibitor. Furthermore, Ets-1 activity was potentiated by CBP and p300 overexpression. The transactivation function of Ets-1 correlated with its ability to bind an N-terminal cysteine- and histidine-rich region spanning CBP residues 313 to 452. Ets-1 also bound a second cysteine- and histidine-rich region of CBP, between residues 1449 and 1892. Both Ets-1 and CBP/p300 formed a stable immunoprecipitable nuclear complex, independent of DNA binding. This Ets-1–CBP/p300 immunocomplex possessed histone acetyltransferase activity, consistent with previous findings that CBP/p300 is associated with such enzyme activity. Our results indicate that CBP/p300 may mediate antagonistic and synergistic interactions between Ets-1 and other transcription factors that use CBP/p300 as a coactivator, including c-Myb and AP-1.

In Planned Parenthood Affiliates of Michigan v. Engler (73 F.3d 634 (6th Cir. 1996)), the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit held that § 400.109(a) of the Social Welfare Act of Michigan (Mich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 400.109(a) (1994)) impermissibly conflicts with the Medicaid Act (Social Security Act tit. XIX, 42 U.S.C. §§ 1396 et seq. (1988)) as modified by the 1994 Hyde Amendment (Pub. L. No. 103-112, § 509, 107 Stat. 1082-1113 (1994)), insofar as the § 400.109(a) only provides state funding for abortions necessary to save the life of a mother, and not for abortions resulting from rape or incest. The court held that the Hyde Amendment defines medically necessary abortions that must be funded by states participating in the federal Medicaid program, and that the amendment is not merely a federal appropriations bill.

Abstract Aims/hypothesis The aim of this work was to examine the progression to type 1 and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a 23 year follow-up study. Methods We carried out a cohort study of 391 women with GDM diagnosed by an OGTT or the use of insulin treatment during pregnancy, and 391 age- and parity-matched control participants, who delivered in 1984–1994 at the Oulu University Hospital, Finland. Diagnostic cut-off levels for glucose were as follows: fasting, ≥4.8 mmol/l; 1 h, ≥10.0 mmol/l; and 2 h, ≥8.7 mmol/l. Two follow-up questionnaires were sent (in 1995–1996 and 2012–2013) to assess the progression to type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Mean follow-up time was 23.1 (range 18.7–28.8) years. Results Type 1 diabetes developed (5.7%) during the first 7 years after GDM pregnancy and was predictable at a 2 h OGTT value of 11.9 mmol/l during pregnancy (receiver operating characteristic analysis: AUC 0.91, sensitivity 76.5%, specificity 96.0%). Type 2 diabetes increased linearly to 50.4% by the end of the follow-up period and was moderately predictable with fasting glucose (AUC 0.69, sensitivity 63.5%, specificity 68.2%) at a level of 5.1 mmol/l (identical to the fasting glucose cut-off recommended by the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups [IADPSG) and WHO]). Conclusions/interpretation All women with GDM should be intensively monitored for a decade, after which the risk for type 1 diabetes is minimal. However, the incidence of type 2 diabetes remains linear, and therefore individualised lifelong follow-up is recommended.

RESUMENLa historiografía sobre la muerte, desarrollada entre finales de los años setenta y noventa de la pasada centuria, tuvo especial interés y proyección a partir de las investigaciones trazadas por la tercera generación de Annales. Los planteamientos de esta corriente, en sintonía con los modelos de dicha escuela y avalados por la renovación del objeto histórico tras el estructuralismo, giraron alrededor del estudio de las condiciones materiales, actitudes, imágenes y gestualidad del hombre medieval ante la muerte. El cuerpo de esta fructífera reflexión, como parcela de la “historia de las mentalidades”, albergó novedades metodológicas, facilitando una visión y proyección heurística, debido al impacto que tuvo dentro del diálogo de la historia con las ciencias sociales y otras disciplinas del quehacer humanístico. A finales del siglo xx y comienzo del presente, el giro producido en el quehacer histórico ha otorgado un mayor protagonismo a lo social y cultural, colocando en el lugar protagonista ocupado durante décadas por la “historia de la muerte” otros intereses. Compete, por tanto, plantearse qué horizontes cabría dibujar, dentro de las coordenadas historiográficas de la actualidad, para las investigaciones sobre la muerte, cuyas paradojas siguen vigentes como recurso para conocer los fenómenos y manifestaciones propias de la civilización medieval.Palabras clave: Muerte medieval, historiografía de la muerte ABSTRACTThe historiography of death developed between the late 1970s and the 1990s was of special interest and projection. It was based on research carried out by the third generation of the Annales. The approaches developed in line with the models of this school of thought and underpinned by the renewal of the historical object following structuralism, revolved around the study of material conditions, attitudes, images and gestures of the medieval man in the face of death. The core of this prolific reflection as part of the “history of mentalities” contained methodological novelties facilitating a heuristic vision and projection due to the impact it had on the dialogue between History and Social Sciences and other humanistic disciplines. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the current the shift in historical endeavour has given greater prominence to what is social and cultural, placing other interests in the key role for decades occupied by the “history of death”. 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Evolución historiográfica de un concepto complejo y polémico”, Obradoiro de Historia Moderna, 11 (2002), pp. 135-190.Guiance, A., Muertes medievales, mentalidades medievales: un estado de la cuestión sobre la historia de la muerte en la Edad Media, Buenos Aires, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1989.—Los discursos sobre la muerte en la Castilla medieval (siglos vii-xv), Valladolid, Consejería de Educación y Cultura de la Junta de Castilla y León, 1998.—“Introducción. Veinte años de historiografía sobre la muerte: un balance y un nuevo comienzo”, en F. Miranda García y M.ª T. López de Guereño Sanz (dir.), La muerte de los príncipes en la Edad Media, Madrid, Casa de Velázquez, 2020, pp. 1-16.Hadley, D. M., Death in Medieval England, Stroud, Tempus, 2001.Hernández Sandoica, E., Los caminos de la historia. Cuestiones de historiografía y método, Madrid, Síntesis, 1994.Huizinga, J., El otoño de la Edad Media. 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Les Lausannois face à la mort, xiv siècle, Lausanne, Université de Lausanne, 1989.Pavón Benito, J. y García de la Borbolla, A., Morir en la Edad Media. La muerte en la Navarra medieval, Valencia, Universitat de València, 2007.Platelle, H., Présence de l’au-delà: une vision médiévale du monde, Villeneuve-d´Ascq, Presses Universitaires du Septentrion, 2004.Peiró Martín, I., “Historiadores en el purgatorio. Continuidades y rupturas en los años sesenta”, Cercles: revista d’història cultural, 16 (2013), pp. 53-81.—Historiadores en España: historia de la historia y memoria de la profesión, Zaragoza, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 2013.La religion populaire. Colloque international du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Paris, 17-19 octobre 1977), Paris, CNRS, 1979.Royer de Cardinal, S., Morir en España. (Castilla Baja Edad Media), Buenos Aires, Universidad Católica Argentina, 1992.Sabatè i Curull, F., Lo senyor rei és mort: actitud i cerimònies dels municipis catalans baix-medievals davant la mort del monarca, Lleida, Universitat de Lleida, 1994.—Cerimònies fúnebres i poder municipal a la Catalunya baixmedieval, Barcelona, Dalmau, 2003.Serna Alonso, J., La historia cultural: autores, obras, lugares, Madrid, Akal, 2013.Sharpe, J., “Historia desde abajo”, en P. Burke (ed.), Formas de Hacer Historia, Madrid, Alianza, 1996 (1ª ed. inglesa, 1991), pp. 38-58.Schmitt, J. C., “Le suicide au Moyen Âge”, Annales. Économies. Sociétés. Civilisations, 31 (1976), pp. 3-28.Spiegel, G., “La historia de la práctica: nuevas tendencias en historia tras el giro lingüístico”, Ayer 62/2 (2006), pp. 19-50.Sutto, C. (ed.), Le sentiment de la mort au Moyen Âge, Quebec, L’ Aurore, 1979.Tenenti, A., La vie et la mort à travers l´art du xve siècle, Armand Colin, París, 1952.—Il senso della morte e l´amore della vita nel Rinascimento (Francia e Italia), Giulio Einaudi, Torino, 1957.—Piété baroque et déchristianisation en Provence au dix-huitième siècle: les attitudes devant la mort d´après les clauses des testaments, París, Seuil, 1973.—Mourir autrefois. Attitudes collectives devant la mort aux xviie et xviiie siècles, Paris, Gallimard, 1974.—“Les attitudes devant la mort: problèmes de méthode, approches et lectures différentes”, Annales Économies, Sociétés, Civilisations, 31. 1 (1976), pp. 120-132.—“Encore la mort: un peu plus qu’une mode? 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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de diferentes volumes de calda e tipo de bico no controle químico de Thrips tabaci em cebola. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos na EPAGRI, Estação Experimental de Ituporanga, SC, no período de agosto a dezembro de 1996 e 1997. Os tratamentos com bico leque e respectivos níveis de vazão foram XR 110 015 VS® - 236 L/ha, XR 110 02 VS® - 316 L/ha, XR 110 03 VS® - 472 L/ha, XR 110 04 VS® - 632 L/ha, XR 110 05 VS® - 788 L/ha, TJ 60 110 02 VS® - 316 L/ha, TJ 60 110 04 VS® - 632 L/ha; com bico cone foram Conejet TSVS® - 236 L/ha, Conejet TXVK 18® - 472 L/ha, Conejet TXVK 26® - 632 L/ha, D6 Difusor V5® - 600 L/ha, além da testemunha, sem tratamento. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. O tamanho de parcela foi de 2,8 m x 3,0 m. O inseticida usado foi clorpirifós 0,72 g. i.a./ha. A amostragem de ninfas de T. tabaci foi realizada no campo em cinco plantas escolhidas ao acaso em cada parcela. A redução populacional de tripes foi semelhante entre os diferentes volumes de calda e tipos de bico utilizados. Portanto, os bicos cone e leque aplicando volumes de calda entre 236 a 788 L/ha, apresentaram a mesma eficiência no controle de T. tabaci em cebola.

The aim of this study was to develop stem taper equations for trees of Pinus taeda L. inside and outside bark with extensive applicability to several age classes. Data were obtained from 631 trees of P. taeda, ranging from 4 to 31 years of age, in different stands distributed in several counties of the Midwest region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The taper models of Biging (1984), Schöpfer (1966), and Kozak et al. (1969) were tested. These models were fitted in their simplest formulation as well as by varying their coefficient linear functions of stand age with the procedure PROC NLIN in the software SAS® University Edition. There were no significant differences in accuracy and precision in the estimates between the simplest formulation of the Schöpfer (1966) model and the variation of its coefficient b linear function of age, and thus, the simplest formulation was chosen. Among all taper models tested, the Schöpfer (1966) model presented greater accuracy and precision to estimate diameters inside and outside bark, throughout the stem of Pinus taeda, in the Midwest region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Abstract Discussion Points What is the mechanism of the Evans-Mislow rearrangement in step c? Suggest a mechanism for the formation of compound 5. Explain the stereoselectivity observed in the Luche reduction step j. Further Reading For a mechanistic explanation of the selectivity of the Sharpless epoxidation, see: E. J. Corey, J. Org. Chem.,1990, 55,1693; P. G. Potvin and S. Bianchet, J. Org. Chem.,1992, 57, 6629. For reviews on the Birch reduction, see: P. W. Rabideau, Tetrahedron,1989, 45,1579; J. M. Hook and L. N. Mander, Nat. Prod. Rep.,1986, 3,35. For a review on the use of tetrapropylammonium perruthenate in organic synthesis, see: S. V. Ley, J. Norman and S. P. Marsden, Synthesis,1994, 7, 639. For an analysis of the mechanism of the Evans-Mislow rearrangement, see: D. K. Jones-Hertzog and W. L. Jorgensen, J. Org. Chem., 1995, 60, 6682; D. K. Jones-Hertzog, W. L. Jorgensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117,9077.

Abstract In the Handbook of South American Indians, Julian Steward (1948: 886) stated that: ‘the important ecological differences were those between water-front and hinterland peoples ... The differences were in resources, and these partly determined population density and community size.’ Meggers’ 1971 (also 1996) Amazonia book is organized on the basis of várzea and terrafirme distinctions. The same emphasis is made by Lathrap (1968a; 1968b; 1970), Roosevelt (1980), Denevan (1966b; 1976), D. J. Wilson (1999: 63-5, 169-71, l 76), and others. A riverine concentration of settlement is supported by archaeology and ethnohistory, although both are meager.

Abstract In 1971, Bohley and co-workers [1248] and, in 1972, Kirschke et al. [340] described a new enzyme from rat liver lysosomes which degraded proteins but not synthetic substrates. In 1974 the enzyme was named cathepsin L (in which 'L' stands for lysosomes) by the same authors [343, 1284]. ln 1976 and 1977 cathepsin L was characterized in detail by Kirschke and colleagues [169, 341]. At about the same time, Towatari and co-workers [285, 401] isolated a new cathepsin from rat liver lysosomes which also proved to be cathepsin L. The first indication that this enzyme might be involved in the process of malignant tumour growth came from work in 1978 on the precursor of cathepsin L called major excreted protein (l\1EP) by Gottesman [630]. The name cathepsin L (EC 3.4.22.15) was recommended by the nomenclature committee of IUB in 1978.

Abstract The relationship between freedom of speech and copyright protection has 2.01 increasingly attracted the attention of copyright lawyers.1 They have become troubled by the impact on freedom of expression of the recent extension of See, eg, P Samuelson, ‘Copyright, Commodification, and Censorship: Past as Prologue but to what Future?’ and PB Hugenholtz, ‘Copyright and Freedom of Expression in Europe’, in N Elkin-Koren and NW Netanel (eds), The Commodification of Information (The Hague: Kluwer, 2002), 63, 239; M Birnhack, ‘The Copyright Law and Free Speech Affair: Making-up and Breaking-up’ (2003) 43 Idea: J L & Technology 233; D Fewer, ‘Constitutionalizing Copyright: Freedom of Expression and the Limits of Copyright in Canada’ (1997) 55 U Toronto Faculty L Rev 175; P Drahos, ‘Decentring Communication: The Dark Side of Intellectual Property’, in T Campbell and W Sadurski (eds), Freedom of Communication (Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1994), 249.

Abstract Discussion Points The workup of step b includes washing with a saturated solution of Rochelle’s salt. What is the purpose of this process? Suggest a structure for compound S. Rationalise the stereochemistry of the nucleophilic attack on compound 4 in step e. What role does the magnesium bromide etherate play in the stereocontrol? Propose a short synthesis of the alcohol used to esterify compound 10 starting from commercially available (R)-ethyl (3-hydroxybutyrate. Further Reading For a review of macrocyclic ring formation methods, see: Q. C. Meng and M. Hesse, Top. Curr. Chem.,1991, 161,107. For a review of the use of tetrapropylammonium perruthenate (TPAP) see: S. V. Ley, J. Norman, W. P. Griffith and S. P. Marsden, Synthesis, 1994, 639. For a review, in English, of computer-aided conformational design in macrolide synthesis (including carbonolides) see: 0. Yonemitsu, Yuki Gosei Kagaku Kyokaishi,1994, 52,946. The use of ultrasound to accelerate the hydroboration of double bonds has also recently been reported by H. Oguri, S. Hishiyama, T. Oishi and M. Hirama, Synlett,1994, 1252. For a more general review on the application of ultrasound to synthesis see: C. Einhorn, J. Einhorn and J.-L. Luche, Synthesis,1989, 787.

Abstract ActA is a major surface protein of the Gram positive human bacterial pathogen L. monocytogenes. It is encoded by gene actA (Genebank accession number M82881 and EMBL Data library accession number X59723) whose sequence predicts a 639-amino-acid protein with an amino-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal membrane anchor (Domann et al. 1992; Vazquez-Boland et al. 1992). The N-terminus is processed at the predicted site and the mature 610-amino-acid protein is expressed on the bacterial surface and anchored into the bacterial membrane via its hydrophobic C-terminal region (Domann et al. 1992; Kocks et al. 1992). ActA (predicted isoelectric point: 4.74) is rich in glutamic acid (12 per cent) and proline (9.2 per cent). The N-terminal domain of ActA is highly charged. Its central region contains a succession of proline/glutamic rich stretches. The C-terminal part is more hydrophobic. As shown by immunogold labelling, the two first parts of the protein protrude from the cell wall and are thus able to interact with cytoskeleton components. ActA displays a polar distribution on the bacterial body. It is highly expressed at one pole of the bacterium and its distribution gradually decreases towards the other (Kocks et al. 1993).

These objects were excavated before the plans of the houses were known. Excavations with no datum line mean that it is now impossible to find their original location. Dimensions: preserved diam.: 42 mm; thickness of lamina: c.0.5 mm. Description: Plano-convex bronze boss of fine lamina with incised concentric lines on a convex upper surface. Evidence of a rectangular cut near the edge. Incomplete. Present location: Pompeii Collection, CB (inv. no. 4142A). Discussion: The rectangular cut indicates that they are probably from a ring handle. See discussion on ring handles. Dimensions: diam.: 34 mm; h.: 11 mm; thickness of lamina: c.25 mm. Description: bronze boss, of broad-brimmed hat type. Present location: Pompeii Collection, CB (inv. no. 4142B). Discussion: Similar to cat. no. 242. See discussion on ring handles. Dimensions: preserved l.: 133 mm; max. l. of wing: 115 mm; h.: 63 mm; thickness of lamina: 5 mm. Description: Heavy hinge with triangular straps, three large central pivot plates and an iron pin. Ends of straps squared. Preserved open. Present location: Pompeii Collection, CB (inv. no. 4164). Discussion: Similar to cat. no. 241. See discussion on strap hinges. Dimensions: l.: 116 mm; h.: 19 mm; w.: 9 mm. Description: Bolt with a key pattern consisting of two squares, each made up of four triangular holes (one square broken). Remains of an L-shaped iron bar of rectangular section (preserved l.: 47 mm; section: c.10 mm × 7 mm) at one end of the bolt. Small bronze rod (preserved l.: 18 mm) of circular section (diam.: c.4 mm), possibly a tumbler. Present location: Pompeii Collection, CB (inv. no. 4155A). Discussion: Key pattern comparable to cat. no. 272. See discussion on locks and keys. Dimensions: l.: 74 mm; h.: 15 mm; w.: 17 mm. Description: bolt with a key pattern of five rhomboid holes arranged in two rows. Present location: Pompeii Collection, CB (inv. no. 4155B). Discussion: see discussion on locks and keys. Dimensions: preserved l.: 70 mm; h.: 29 mm; w.: 12 mm. Description: bolt with key pattern of five rhomboid holes arranged in two rows as on cat. no. 1986, but larger. Present location: Pompeii Collection, CB (inv. no. 4155C). Discussion: Similar to cat. no. 316. See discussion on locks and keys.

The database on the content of technogenic radionuclides in the components of the Barents Sea ecosystem in 1992-2020 was analyzed and calculated the transfer coefficients of 137Cs, 90Sr, 239,240Pu from water and bottom sediments to reference organisms. The transition coefficients of 137Cs, 239,240Pu, 90Sr in fish were 93, 262, 12 l/kg, respectively; in shellfish: 51, 1180, 21 l/kg; in marine plants: 69, 732, 19 l/kg; in marine mammals (seals): 63, 222, 14 l/kg. The distribution coefficient of 137Cs between water and bottom sediments was 426 l/kg; by 239,240Pu 189600 l/kg; 90Sr 443 l/kg. The transfer coefficients of technogenic radionuclides from water to fish in the Barents Sea do not have a pronounced trend, which indicates the establishment of an equilibrium in the distribution of radioactivity between the components of the Arctic marine ecosystem.

SRS of the neodymium laser radiation in the ion-molecular crystals provides of the discrete set of radiation wavelengths, including, in particular, the emission in the eye-safe range of spectrum. This paper is devoted to study of SRS in barium nitrate [1] (Δω=1046 cm–1) of the multi mode radiation of lasers on YAG:Nd and KGT:Nd. The pump was focused into the crystal with the length of 8 cm by the lens with the focal length of 19 cm. In the Fig. 1 are shown the dependencies of the pump energy conversion efficiency (λp1 = 1.064 µm and λp2= 1.067 µm) to the SRS components. The spectrum width in this experiment equaled Δνp1=0.5 cm–1 (YAG) and Δνp2=l-8 cm–1 (KGT), pulse duration was 10 ns, beam diameter - 5 mm and its divergence - 6′. The maximal conversion efficiency to the first stokes component (λ=1.2 µm) was limited by the excitation of the second stokes component (λ=1.37 µm) at the level of 40 % for both variants of the pump. Opposite directed generation was observed only in the case of pumping by YAG laser. That is why in this case the rate of the conversion to the first stokes component efficiency growth was lower. The maximal total conversion efficiency equaled ~63% for the pumping energy of 10.. 15 mJ for KGT laser.

Freezing is an important thermal process with solar applications. The Phase Change Material (PCM) undergoes freezing process and the rate of freezing is influenced by natural convection in the melt if it is above the melting point. Experimental study was conducted on two PCMs namely Paraffin wax (m.p 63–65°C) and n-octadecane (m.p 27.7 °C). Steel and copper containers with insulation at both bottom and top by thermocol (1 cm thick) and acrylic plates (1 cm thick) are used to allow only radial heat flux. The PCMs were separately heated in a container to a known superheat and placed in an isothermal bath (± 1°C) containing the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF). Water is used as HTF in this case. The temperature distributions in the PCM were measured using PT100 sensors with digital indicator to cover 10–16 points in radial and axial locations. In another separate set of experiments, the PCM under identical initial conditions of superheat is placed in the cylindrical metal container without any temperature sensors. Separating the frozen mass and unfrozen liquid at different time intervals and weighing, generate the frozen mass vs. time data following Sparrow et al (International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 24, 273–284,1981). The range of parameters studied are given below: • Container L/D ratio: 0.6–5.4; • Initial Superheat of PCM: 5–35 °C; • Range of water temperature: 5–25 °C; • Volume of PCMs: 35–500 ml. From the experimental data of temperature distributions, frozen mass vs. time data were generated following El Dessouky et al (Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, Transactions of ASME, 121, 98–109, 1999), whose data pertains to melting outside tubes. The data of melt separation and weighing of n-octadecane and paraffin wax are compared with temperature-based data. A tentative correlation of entire data is presented.