Journal articles on the topic '1996-2006 Women'
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Olafsdottir, Linda Bjork, Hallgrimur Gudjonsson, Heidur Hrund Jonsdottir, Einar Björnsson, and Bjarni Thjodleifsson. "Natural History of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Women and Dysmenorrhea: A 10-Year Follow-Up Study." Gastroenterology Research and Practice 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/534204.
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Background. Studies have shown that women are more likely to have irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and more women seek healthcare because of IBS than men.Aim. We wanted to examine the natural history of IBS and dysmenorrhea in women over a 10-year period and to assess the change in IBS after menopause.Method. A population-based postal study. A questionnaire was mailed to the same age- and gender-stratified random sample of the Icelandic population aged 18–75 in 1996 and again in 2006.Results. 77% premenopausal women had dysmenorrhea in the year 1996 and 74% in 2006. 42% of women with dysmenorrhea had IBS according to Manning criteria in the year 2006 and 49% in 1996. 26% of women with dysmenorrhea had IBS according to Rome III 2006 and 11% in the year 1996. In 2006 30% women had severe or very severe dysmenorrhea pain severity. More women (27%) reported severe abdominal pain after menopause than before menopause 11%. Women without dysmenorrhea were twice more likely to remain asymptomatic than the women with dysmenorrhea. Women with dysmenorrhea were more likely to have stable symptoms and were twice more likely to have increased symptoms.Conclusion. Women with IBS are more likely to experience dysmenorrhea than women without IBS which seems to be a part of the symptomatology in most women with IBS. IBS symptom severity seems to increase after menopause.
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Abigail, Wendy F., Charmaine Power, and Ingrid Belan. "Termination of pregnancy and the over 30s: what are trends in contraception use 1996 - 2006?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 16, no. 2 (2010): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py09020.
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There is a shift in fertility patterns with more women commencing childbearing over 30 years of age. Little is known about trends in contraception use by women in this age group seeking a termination of pregnancy. This research presents a trend analysis to determine if there were significant changes in trends in contraception use pre- and post-termination of pregnancy for women over 30 years of age from 1996 to 2006 in South Australia. Data were collected from 1996 to 2006 from a service in South Australia. Data were examined using simple linear regression. At the time of conception, 53% of women reported using some form of contraception. Additionally, there was a significant decline in women using natural family planning methods at conception. Post-operatively, there was a significant decline in hormone methods being chosen, and a significant increase in women not using any contraception. Women over 30 years of age used contraception at the time of conception pre- and post-operatively of having a pregnancy terminated over the 10 year period of the study. Health promotion activities need to be further developed to cater for this age group and to take into consideration changing fertility patterns.
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HOFHUIS, A., W. VAN PELT, Y. T. H. P. VAN DUYNHOVEN, C. D. M. NIJHUIS, L. MOLLEMA, F. R. M. VAN DER KLIS, A. H. HAVELAAR, and L. M. KORTBEEK. "Decreased prevalence and age-specific risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies in The Netherlands between 1995/1996 and 2006/2007." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 4 (May 24, 2010): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810001044.
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SUMMARYTo estimate the change in the seroprevalence and risk factors for toxoplasmosis in The Netherlands, a study was conducted in the general population in 2006/2007, similarly designed as a previous study in 1995/1996. Testing 5541 sera for IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii showed a marked decrease of the overall seroprevalence to 26·0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 24·0–28·0], compared to 40·5% (95% CI 37·5–43·4) in 1995/1996. In women of reproductive age the seroprevalence decreased from 35·2% (95% CI 32·9–38·6) in 1995/1996 to 18·5% (95% CI 16·2–20·7) in 2006/2007, leaving the majority of pregnant women susceptible to primary infection with T. gondii and their babies to congenital toxoplasmosis. In participants aged ⩾20 years, Toxoplasma seropositivity was associated with living in the Northwest, living in urban areas, low educational level, consumption of raw pork, keeping a cat, and not having occupational contact with clients or patients. For younger participants, risk factors were keeping sheep or cattle, consumption of raw unwashed vegetables and putting sand in the mouth.
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BILALIĆ, MERIM, and PETER MCLEOD. "PARTICIPATION RATES AND THE DIFFERENCE IN PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN AND MEN IN CHESS." Journal of Biosocial Science 39, no. 5 (March 2, 2007): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932007001861.
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SummaryThe superiority of men over women in chess has been cited as evidence that there are fundamental differences in male and female intelligence (Howard, 2005a, 2006; Irwing & Lynn, 2005). An alternative interpretation of the difference is that it is due to differential male and female participation rates in chess (Charness & Gerchak, 1996; Bilalić & McLeod, 2006; Chabris & Glickman, in press). This has been dismissed by Howard (2006) on the grounds that changes in the difference in skill level between top male and female players in recent years are not correlated with changing relative participation rates. Here it is shown that Howard’s analysis is misleading. The data are consistent with differential participation rates as the explanation of the gap between the performance of women and men in chess.
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Sharma, Mahendra Prasad. "The Determinants of Fertility among Women of Reproductive Age in Nepal." Journal of Development and Administrative Studies 23, no. 1-2 (August 11, 2016): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jodas.v23i1-2.15448.
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This study is conducted on determinants of fertility among women of reproductive age in Nepal. The study takes into account some demographic, socio-cultural, economic and spatial variables. Fertility trends are estimated from the date obtained in the 1996, 2001, and 2006 NDHS with information gathered in the 2011 NDHS. Fertility declined from 4.6 births per woman in the 1996 NFHS to 2.6 births per woman in the 2011 NDHS—a drop of two births per woman in the past 15 years. The decline in fertility is most pronounced in the five years between 2001 and 2006 (a one-child decline). Fertility has declined in every age group over the past 15 years, with largest decline seen among women 25-34 years. But over the past 5 years the largest decline is observed among women 20-24 years. Many factors may have contributed to this quick decline fertility in Nepal, including improved communication and greater access to modern methods of contraception. Extended spousal separations due to migrants seeking work in foreign countries, especially the Gulf countries and other Southeast Asian countries, may be another reason for the fertility decline (NDHS Report 2012). The multivariate analysis is used to show the strength of relationship of fertility with its correlates. It estimates the effect of socio–economic and demographic as well as spatial variables on total Children Ever Born (CEB). This study also attempts to find out variation of fertility among women by using frequency table, rate, ratio, percentage, cross tabulation, correlation and regression analysis and mean CEB. The result shows that when other factors remain unchanged, age of respondents at first birth and educational attainment have strong and significant negative impact on fertility. Similarly son who have died, daughter who have died, parity at sterilization and age at sterilization have strong and significant positive impact on fertility whereas regions, type of place of residence, age at marriage and destination India have weak positive impact on fertility. The Journal of Development and Administrative Studies (JODAS)Vol. 23(1-2), pp. 55-68
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Allagbé, Ayodele Adebayo, and Franck Amoussou. "Patriarchal ideologies and female un-femininities in a contemporary feminist writing: A gender-oriented and critical discourse analysis perspective." AFRREV LALIGENS: An International Journal of Language, Literature and Gender Studies 9, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/laligens.v9i1.2.
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Drawing on the Critical Discourse Analysis grid put forth by scholars such as Van Dijk (2001a&b, 2004, 2006), Fairclough (1989, 1995, 2001, 2003), Van Leeuwen (1996, 2008), Meyer (2001), Caldas-Coulthard & Coulthard (1996), Wodak (2001), the current paper exuded how institutional social power is deployed to naturalize ideologies as common sense or common knowledge in a sample text drawn from a contemporary feminist novel, notably Sefi Atta’s Everything Good Will Come (2006). It also tried to unravel how, through discursive structures and properties, the womenfolk resist or/and transgresses the established sociocultural norms and conventional ideologies as regards gender, role assignment and power. Finally, it advocated the view that only gender-balanced power relations between men and women can ensure a fair social justice and peaceful society.
Key Words: Critical Discourse Analysis, feminism, gender, ideology, patriarchy, power
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Prabhakar, Mamatha, Bindu Kanapuru, Ahmedin Jemal, Charles Hesdorffer, William Ershler, Dan L. Longo, and Jerome W. Yates. "Relative Survival of Older Patients with Indolent Lymphoma–Analysis From the SEER Database." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 5214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.5214.5214.
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Abstract Abstract 5214 Background: Indolent lymphomas account for 35–40% of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). The treatment choices, and as a result, the overall outcome of these indolent lymphomas seem to be changing with the introduction of chemoimmunotherapy. However, the impact of these new treatment approaches on the survival in older patients has not been specifically studied. Methods: We used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database to determine survival for older patients diagnosed with indolent lymphomas. We compared trends in survival between 1977–86, 1987–96 and 1997–2006 in men and women, for three age groups 65–74, 75–84 and 85+ years. Survival rates were calculated up to 9 years post-diagnosis. Results: Between 1977 and 2006, survival rates increased for both men and women in all three age groups. The greatest improvement in survival was seen at 5 years. Between 1977–86 and 1997–2006, 5-year survival rates increased in men/women by 21%/22%, 23%/29% and 16%/24% in the 65–74, 75–84 and 85+ age groups respectively. Survival gains increased with each decade in all age groups for both sexes with the most marked improvements between 1987–1996 & 1997–2006. Women in the first two groups consistently demonstrated a better survival than men. The oldest old men (85+) had the lowest survival rate with the majority of the deaths occurring in the first year of diagnosis. Conclusions: Survival for older patients has increased considerably in the interval between 1977–2006 with the largest improvement seen in the 75–84 year old age group. Larger increases in the survival rates between 1987–1996 and 1997–2006 might be accounted for by the benefits of immunotherapy with the introduction of rituximab in 1998. The increased early deaths noted in men 85+, could be related to treatment toxicity. While earlier treatment is being advocated for patients diagnosed with indolent lymphoma, the data we present imply that more careful consideration should be given to the selection of patients above the age of 85 for such treatment. Male-female differences in survival are interesting and further study would seem important to elucidate the causes. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Fransen, Eva, Janneke Plantenga, and Jan Dirk Vlasblom. "Why do women still earn less than men? Decomposing the Dutch gender pay gap, 1996–2006." Applied Economics 44, no. 33 (November 2012): 4343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.589818.
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Wang, Yuanyuan, Sultana Monira Hussain, Anita E. Wluka, Yuan Z. Lim, Donna M. Urquhart, Gita D. Mishra, Helena Teede, Jenny Doust, Wendy J. Brown, and Flavia M. Cicuttini. "Rates, costs and determinants of lumbar spine imaging in population-based women born in 1973–1978: Data from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0243282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243282.
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Objective There are concerns that lumbar spine imaging represents low value care. Our aim was to examine the use of lumbar spine imaging [radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] over 20 years, and costs and person-level characteristics of imaging in a large cohort of Australian women. Methods The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health (ALSWH) is a longitudinal population-based survey of women randomly selected from national health insurance scheme (Medicare) database. This study examined 13458 women born in 1973–1978 who consented to link their ALSWH and Medical Benefits Scheme records. Self-reported data on demographics, body mass index, depression, physical and mental health, and back pain were collected in each survey performed in 1996, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012, and 2015. Data on lumbar spine imaging from 1996 to 2015 were obtained from the Medical Benefits Scheme database. Results 38.9% of women underwent some form of lumbar spine imaging over 20 years. While radiography increased from 1996 to 2011 and decreased thereafter, CT and MRI continued to increase from 1996 to 2015. In women with self-reported back pain, depression and poorer physical health were associated with imaging, with no significant differences in types of imaging. Based on imaging rates in ALSWH, the estimated costs for Australian women aged 30–39 years were AU$51,735,649 over 2011–2015. Conclusions Lumbar spine imaging was common in population-based Australian women, with rates increasing over 20 years. Depression and poor physical health were associated with lumbar spine imaging. Raising awareness of this in clinicians is likely to result in significant cost savings if clinical guidelines are followed, with the potential of freeing resources for high value care and health outcomes.
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Rait, Greta, Kate Walters, Mark Griffin, Marta Buszewicz, Irene Petersen, and Irwin Nazareth. "Recent trends in the incidence of recorded depression in primary care." British Journal of Psychiatry 195, no. 6 (December 2009): 520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.058636.
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BackgroundThere is a paucity of data describing how general practitioners (GPs) label or record depression.AimsTo determine incidence and sociodemographic variation in GP-recorded depression diagnoses and depressive symptoms.MethodAnnual incidence rates calculated using data from 298 UK general practices between 1996 and 2006, adjusted for year of diagnosis, gender, age and deprivation.ResultsIncidence of diagnosed depression fell from 22.5 to 14.0 per 1000 person-years at risk (PYAR) from 1996 to 2006. The incidence of depressive symptoms rose threefold from 5.1 to 15.5 per 1000 PYAR. Combined incidence of diagnoses and symptoms remained stable. Diagnosed depression and symptoms were more common in women and in more deprived areas.ConclusionsDepression recorded by general practitioners has lower incidence rates than depression recorded in epidemiological studies, although there are similar associations with gender and deprivation. General practitioners increasingly use symptoms rather than diagnostic labels to categorise people's illnesses. Studies using standardised diagnostic instruments may not be easily comparable with clinical practice.
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Arias, Arturo. "Letter from Guatemala: Indigenous Women on Civil War." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 124, no. 5 (October 2009): 1874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2009.124.5.1874.
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Nothing had been published on women indigenous combatants until Ligia Peláez edited memorias rebeldes contra el olvido: Paasantzila txumb'al ti' sortzeb'al k'u‘l, a collection of essays portraying the voices of Ixil and K'iche’ women. During the Guatemalan Civil War they fought with the Guerrilla Army of the Poor. When the war ended in 1996, they returned to their hometowns. About six hundred of them founded the Kumool Association in 1999. Peláez, an academic working for the Association for the Advancement of the Social Sciences, met them in Uspantán in May 2006. She returned in June with her team, and by the second meeting, in July, the Kumool women chose to collaborate in the writing of a book about their experience.
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Saligheh, M., B. Mcnamara, and R. Rooney. "Exercise participation in postpartum women in Western Australia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73386-7.
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IntroductionResearch evidence suggests that the prevalence rate of postpartum depression in Western countries is 10–25% (Beck, 2001; O’ Hara & Swain, 1996). Many women diagnosed with postnatal depression(PND) are reluctant to take antidepressant medication (Whitton,1996). Coupled with the limited availability of psychological therapies, the consideration of adjunctive interventions for managing PND would appear worthwhile. Physical activity(PA) has been demonstrated to both mediate and improve outcomes for depression (Dimeo, 2001; Nabkasorn et al., 2006) in the general population, and in moderating the impact of PND (Daley, 2009).ObjectivesTo describe physical activity participation in a cohort of postpartum women in Western AustraliaTo investigate the factors associated with physical activity participation in postpartum women Examine the differences between women reporting PND and those without on physical activityAimsStudy 1 was the distribution of a postpartum physical activity questionnaire through child health clinics to mothers within the 6 weeks to12 months postpartum period.MethodsCohort design was used to recruit mothers within postpartum periodResultsThe results from the study showed that mothers who were at the risk of PND had the same level of physical activity in compare to normal mothers. The T-test showed there was not any significant correlation. Analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between the effect of PND on parental self-confidence and partner support.ConclusionFindings suggest that further exploration needs to be considered to explore mothers’ experience of physical activity, its barriers and the interaction of their partners in order to exercise after child birth.
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Alves de Carvalho, Angelita, Laura L. R. Wong, and Paula Miranda-Ribeiro. "Discrepant Fertility in Brazil." Revista Latinoamericana de Población 10, no. 18 (July 23, 2016): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31406/relap2016.v10.i1.n18.4.
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Two distinct groups with respect to realization of reproductive preferences coexist in Brazil: women who have more children than they would like and women whose reproductive period result in fewer children than they thought ideal. There is discrepant fertility in both cases. This study aims to enhance knowledge about this phenomenon by analyzing the discrepant fertility according to socio-demographic variables, especially for women who have fewer children than they desire and thus have a negative discrepant fertility (NDF). This study uses data from the National Demographic and Health Surveys for Women and Children from 1996 and 2006. The results show an increasing trend in NDF associated with fewer children, higher educational attainment, older age at first childbirth, and less time available to achieve the ideal number of children.
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Dupont, Joan. "Pascale Ferran." Film Quarterly 75, no. 3 (2022): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2022.75.3.57.
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FQ contributing editor Joan Dupont continues her series on French women directors with a rare interview with Pascale Ferran, whose debut feature film, Petits arrangements avec la mort (Coming to Terms with the Dead, 1994), won the Caméra d’Or at Cannes. Dupont surveys the ups and downs of Ferran’s subsequent career, which includes the celebrated Lady Chatterley (2006) along with lesser-known films such as L’âge des possibles (The Age of Potential, 1996) and the more recent Bird People (2014).
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Rana, Kritika, Puspa Ghimire, Romila Chimoriya, and Ritesh Chimoriya. "Trends in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity and Associated Socioeconomic and Household Environmental Factors among Women in Nepal: Findings from the Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys." Obesities 1, no. 2 (September 2, 2021): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/obesities1020011.
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This study aimed to examine the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to determine the associated socioeconomic and household environmental factors among women in Nepal. Using nationally representative data from the 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 cross-sectional Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHSs) (n = 33,507), the prevalence of overweight–obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) among women aged 15–49 years were examined. From the latest NDHS 2016, non-pregnant women with recorded anthropometric measurements (n = 6165) were included in the final analyses. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the socioeconomic and household environmental factors associated with BMI ≥ 25 and BMI ≥ 30. Between 1996 and 2016, the prevalence of overweight–obesity increased from 1.8% to 19.7%, while the prevalence of obesity increased from 0.2% to 4.1%. Age, marital status, wealth index, province of residence, type of cooking fuel, and household possessions—refrigerator and bicycle were significantly associated with having overweight–obesity and obesity. Similarly, educational status, religion, type of toilet facility, and household possessions—television and mobile phone were significantly associated with having overweight–obesity. Given the alarming increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Nepalese women, there is an urgent need for interventions addressing these critical socioeconomic and household environmental factors.
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Reile, Rainer, and Kersti Pärna. "Exposure to second-hand smoke in the context of tobacco policy changes in Estonia, 1996–2016." European Journal of Public Health 29, no. 4 (March 8, 2019): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckz027.
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Abstract Background Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) is a preventable cause of disease and disability that can effectively be tackled by tobacco legislation. The aim of the study was to analyse the trends of SHS exposure and its sociodemographic patterning during 1996–2016 in the context of tobacco policy changes in Estonia. Methods Nationally representative data from biennial health surveys in 1996–2016 (n = 14 629) were used to present prevalence ratios for SHS exposure among non-smokers in Estonia. Joinpoint regression and multivariable logistic regression were used to study the sociodemographic and socio-economic differences in SHS exposure and its changes during the period. Results Exposure to SHS among non-smoking men and women has declined 3.6 and 5 times, respectively, during 1996–2016. While the rate of change was constant among men throughout the period, the decline in SHS exposure among women became significantly faster after 2006 compared with the previous period. However, 15.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 13.1–18.3%] of men and 8.8% (95% CI 7.1–10.6%) of women were still exposed to SHS in 2016 with higher odds found for younger age groups, non-Estonians and those with lower education and income. Conclusions The consistently declining prevalence of SHS exposure among non-smoking population can be at least partially attributed to implementation of tobacco legislations in 2000s. However, the existing sociodemographic and socio-economic differences in SHS exposure require further attention as those in more vulnerable positions are also more exposed to SHS-related health harms.
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Seifi, Sharareh, Adnan Khosravi, Babak Salimi, and Zahra Esfahani Monfared. "Lung cancer gender differences: An analysis of 1599 patients diagnosed between 1996 and 2018." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e13596-e13596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e13596.
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e13596 Background: Several studies showed disparities in terms of gender in lung cancer pattern. As we know, there is limited available data from lung cancer trends by gender in Iran and information reported in previous Iranian studies has become outdated. Methods: This observational study included data of Lung Cancer which were obtained from National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (NRITLD), Masih Daneshvari Hospital,from January 1, 1996 to June 1, 2018. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were estimated for each gender at several time points by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Characteristics of 1599 patients are shown in Table. Adenocarcinoma was most prevalent pathology in both sex and incidence of this histology increased in men during all study periods except 2002-2006. Notably, Adenocarcinoma has an increasing pattern especially after 2006 in women. Most prevalent Stage was advanced stages in both sex. Mean OS were 9.84±0.56 and 10.27±0.91 months in male and female respectively (P = 0.769). Also, mean PFS was non-significantly longer in men than women (7.6±0.49 vs 7.4±0.39, P = 0.903).Cox regression multivariate analysis showed only significant effect for advanced/extensive stages on OS(P = 0.015). Conclusions: The findings highlight important characteristics of the lung cancer epidemic; women are diagnosed at younger age and were less smoker than men. It is necessary for all chealthcare systems to assess the cancer burden periodically and gender differences should be considered for screening guidelines, preventive strategies, and Treatment. [Table: see text]
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Abigail, Wendy, Charmaine Power, and Ingrid Belan. "Changing patterns in women seeking terminations of pregnancy: A trend analysis of data from one service provider 1996-2006." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 32, no. 3 (June 2008): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2008.00221.x.
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Adams, Melinda. "Context and Media Frames: The Case of Liberia." Politics & Gender 12, no. 02 (May 26, 2016): 275–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x16000039.
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There is a growing body of work examining gender stereotypes in media representations of female candidates, but much of this literature is based on analysis of media sources in developed countries, including the United States (Braden 1996; Jalalzai 2006; Kahn 1994, 1996; Smith 1997), Australia (Kittilson and Fridkin 2008), Canada (Kittilson and Fridkin 2008), France (Murray 2010b), and Germany (Wiliarty 2010). The increase in female presidential candidates and presidents in Latin America has encouraged research on media portrayals of women in Argentina, Chile, and Venezuela (Franceschet and Thomas 2010; Hinojosa 2010; Piscopo 2010; Thomas and Adams 2010). To date, however, there has been little research exploring media representations of female politicians in Africa. (Exceptions include Adams 2010; Anderson, Diabah, and hMensah 2011). A question that emerges is whether the gender stereotypes common in coverage in the United States, Europe, and Latin America are also prevalent in Africa.
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Lehti, V., M. Gissler, J. Suvisaari, and M. Manninen. "Induced Abortions and Birth Outcomes of Women With a History of Severe Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence." European Psychiatry 30, no. 6 (June 25, 2015): 750–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.05.005.
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AbstractObjectiveTo increase knowledge on the reproductive health of women who have been placed in a residential school, a child welfare facility for adolescents with severe psychosocial problems.MethodsAll women (n = 291) who lived in the Finnish residential schools on the last day of the years 1991, 1996, 2001 and 2006 were included in this study and compared with matched general population controls. Register-based information on induced abortions and births was collected until the end of the year 2011.ResultsCompared to controls, women with a residential school history had more induced abortions. A higher proportion of their births took place when they were teenagers or even minors. They were more often single, smoked significantly more during pregnancy and had a higher risk of having a preterm birth or a baby with a low birth weight.ConclusionsThe findings have implications for the planning of preventive and supportive interventions that aim to increase the well-being of women with a residential school history and their offspring.
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Wahyuni, Wika, Mahyuni Mahyuni, and Johan Mahyudi. "Ekspresi Tabu Bahasa Wanita pada Status dan Komentar di Jejaring Sosial Instagram." LINGUA : Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 16, no. 2 (August 9, 2019): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v16i2.608.
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This research is based on differences in the variety of languages of women and men in society. The research is focused on the taboo language used by women in written form on the Instagram social network. The use of taboo language by men is more accepted in society. The formulation of the premise of this study is to determine the forms of female taboo expressions on Instagram. This research is a qualitative descriptive study that is based on the use of taboo language on Instagram. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms of taboo expressions written by women on Instagram. The process of data collection was done by referring to the record anddocumentation method. Data were analyzed using taboo theory according to Wijana (2006) and Timothy Jay (1996). The results of the analysis showed that women use taboo language expressions which are vulgar, sexually harassing, name-calling and insulting.
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Rudenko, Valerii, Yuliia Kutsak, and Maryna Khnykina. "Graduates – managers of the Faculty of Geography of the Chernivtsi Yuriy Fedkovych National University: twenty-five years of educational and upbringing cooperation." Науковий вісник Чернівецького університету : Географія, no. 838 (November 11, 2022): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/geo.2022.838.47-60.
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Specificities of and major results in preparation of specialists-managers at the Faculty of Geography of the Chernivtsi Yuriy Fedkovych National University within 1996-2021 are disclosed. It is now 2221 graduates qualified as managers, inclusive of 1146 bachelors, 731 specialists, and 344 masters (regular and distant forms of education). It is accentuated on five principal periods in the development of managerial specialty at the Faculty of Geography within 1996-2001, namely, 2001-2006, 2006-2011, 2011-2016, and 2016-2021. The first period (1996 – 2001) was distinctive for preparation of the first wave under bachelor, specialist and manager/master programs, and resulted in graduation of 91 qualified men and women (nearly 4% out of total graduates). The second period (2001 – 2006) was remarkable for graduation of 464 managers (20,9% out of all in the whole 25-years period). Diplomas of managers within the third period (2006 – 2011) were awarded to 980 (44%) graduates of the Faculty of Geography of the Chernivtsi Yuriy Fedkovych National University, and it has become the most resultative period in the history of manager preparation at the Faculty of Geography. The fourth five-year period (2011–2016) gave 483 more managers (21,7%). And, finally, in 2016–2021, the faculty prepared 203 more specialists (9,1%). The absolute figures of bachelors, specialists and managers/masters prepared at the Faculty of Geography of the Chernivtsi Yuriy Fedkovych National University were shown in 2010 (246 graduates, or 11% within the 25-year period of preparation), 2008 – 210 (9,5%), and 2007 – 186 (8,4%). At the same time, 2017 and 2019 were the years when the least number of specialists were prepared (36 and 38 respectively), which is in the first place connected with cancellation of “specialist” level in the system of higher education in Ukraine. Major results of and problems in educational, scientific, upbringing and practical activity/cooperation of the department’s staff, lecturers, students and graduates/managers are summed up to contribute to further development of managerial sphere of national economics of Ukraine. Keywords: graduates-managers, Faculty of Geography, Chernivtsi Yuriy Fedkovych National University.
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Barber, Christopher Michael, David Fishwick, Melanie Carder, and Martie van Tongeren. "Epidemiology of silicosis: reports from the SWORD scheme in the UK from 1996 to 2017." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 1 (November 10, 2018): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105337.
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ObjectiveTo document the demographic risk factors of workers reported to have silicosis in the UK.MethodsAll cases of silicosis reported to the Surveillance of Work-related and Occupational Respiratory Disease (SWORD) scheme between January 1996 and December 2017 were classified into one of eight industry categories, and one of five age groups. In addition, to investigate whether there had been any temporal change, mean age and range at diagnosis was plotted for each year. From 2006, data were also available relating to the date of onset of symptoms, allowing a comparison between workers with and without respiratory symptoms.ResultsFor the period between 1996 and 2017, there were 216 cases of silicosis reported. The mean (range) age of those reported was 61 years (23–89), with the majority (98%) being male. Across all industries, 65% of cases were diagnosed in individuals of working age (<65 for men and <60 for women). Silicosis was reported in young workers across all industry groups, with around one in six of all silicosis cases affecting workers under the age of 46 years. There was no clear trend in age of diagnosis with time. Between 2006 and 2017, 81% of 108 workers with silicosis were reported to be symptomatic.ConclusionsSilicosis remains an important health problem in the UK affecting workers of all ages across a wide range of industries traditionally associated with silica exposure.
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Joham, A. E., S. Ranasinha, S. Zoungas, L. Moran, and H. J. Teede. "Gestational Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Reproductive-Aged Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 99, no. 3 (March 1, 2014): E447—E452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2013-2007.
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Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 6%–21% of women. PCOS has been associated with an increased risk of dysglycemia including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of dysglycemia and the impact of obesity in young reproductive-aged women with and without PCOS in a community-based cohort. Design: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from a large longitudinal study (the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health). Setting: The setting for the study was the general community. Participants: Women were randomly selected from the national health insurance database. Standardized data collection occurred at five survey time points (years 1996, 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009). Data from survey 4 (2006, n = 9145, 62% of original cohort aged 18–23 y) were examined for this study. Main Outcome Measures: Self-reported PCOS, GDM, and T2DM were measured. Results: In women aged 28–33 years, PCOS prevalence was 5.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3%–6.4%]. The prevalence of GDM (in women reporting prior pregnancy) and T2DM was 11.2% and 5.1% in women with PCOS and 3.8% and 0.3% in women without PCOS, respectively (P for both < .001). PCOS was associated with an increased odds of GDM and T2DM. After adjusting for age, body mass index, hypertension, smoking, and demographic factors, the odds of GDM (odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.9, P = .02) and T2DM (odds ratio 8.8, 95% CI 3.9–20.1, P < .001) remained increased in women reporting PCOS. Conclusions: In a large community-based cohort of reproductive-aged women, PCOS was independently associated with a higher risk of GDM and T2DM, independent of body mass index. Aggressive screening, prevention, and management of dysglycemia is clearly warranted in women with PCOS.
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Jeong, Do Sang. "Chronologic Trends in Physique and Functional Capacity-related Physical Fitness in Young Old Women: Comparison of 1996 and 2006 Years." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 30 (September 30, 2007): 811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2007.09.30.811.
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Risal, Susan. "Defining Justice and Dignity Through Gendered Peace Building: A Case Study of Gender-Based Violence During Armed Conflict in Nepal." Social Inquiry: Journal of Social Science Research 2, no. 1 (May 10, 2020): 56–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sijssr.v2i1.28908.
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The prolonged transition and the long awaited journey for justice for a decade has led to increased anger and frustration among women who survived gendered violence during the Nepali armed conflict (1996-2006). During April 2017-May 2018, a case study fieldwork was conducted with women who survived conflict-related sexual violence during the armed conflict in Nepal. Using a critical theory framework and case study methodology, this research sought to understand how the women who faced gender based violence during the conflict era of Nepal define dignity and justice from their own lived experience and consequently, their needs for reparations. Ultimately, with resulting interventions by presenting these women’s voices and needs to the truth seeking commissions, other government bodies, and national and international organizations working with conflict affected women, women’s quest for dignity, justice and needs could be addressed. The findings of this study have also expanded the body of knowledge and best practices for reconciliation in contexts where gender based violence has been used as a weapon of war.
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Bista, Raghu Bir. "Vulnerability of Single Women: Issue of Inclusion in Nepalese Households." Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 210–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v1i2.27440.
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Background: Concept of single women is not an issue of trauma psychologically and socio-economically in modern household and society, unlike in traditional and patriarchal society. However, it still is a big issue in Nepalese society as well as in academic discourse and development practices, although Nepalese polity is based on postmodernism and has been following western characters. Further, developmental approachesare a proactive gender balanced from top to bottom.
Objectives: To examine the relationships between single women, vulnerability level and household structure in rural Nepali society.
Methods:Primary data are collected from household survey by using descriptive statistics.
Results: It finds the emergence and increment of single women due to the conflict in Nepal (1996-2006).Growing foreign employment led to divorces (1999-2019) and natural deaths of male population paving the way for multifaceted vulnerability of single women in nuclear and joint family.
Conclusion:Despite the growth of financial and political independence of single women, vulnerability still is acute in Nepal. It is a barrier to single women’s happiness and empowerment.
Implication:Findings of this study can be used by policy makers and concerned authorities to make decisions and take appropriate action.
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Silverman, Barbara G., Irena Lipshitz, and Lital Keinan-Boker. "Second Primary Cancers After Primary Breast Cancer Diagnosis in Israeli Women, 1992 to 2006." Journal of Global Oncology 3, no. 2 (April 2017): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.2016.003699.
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Purpose Improvements in early detection and treatment have resulted in improved long-term survival from breast cancer, which increases the likelihood of the occurrence of second primary cancers. We calculated the risk of second primary cancers among Israeli women receiving a first primary breast cancer diagnosis. Methods By using data from the Israel National Cancer Registry, we identified 46,090 women with invasive breast cancer diagnosed between 1990 and 2006 and non–breast primary cancers diagnosed subsequent to breast cancer diagnosis. We used life table analysis to calculate the risk of a second primary cancer and calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) by using age-specific cancer risk in the general population of Israeli women as the standard and stratifying by diagnosis period (1992 to 1996, 1997 to 2001, 2002 to 2006) and age at diagnosis (< 50 and ≥ 50 years). Results The probability of a second malignancy was 3.6% within 5 years, 8.2% within 10 years, and 13.9% within 15 years. The SIR for any second non–breast primary cancer was 1.26 (95% CI, 1.23 to 1.30). Significantly increased risks of colorectal, uterine, lung, ovarian, and thyroid cancer and leukemia were observed for the full follow-up period, which persisted after excluding the first 6 months after index diagnosis, although increased leukemia and colorectal cancer risks were no longer statistically significant. Women younger than age 50 years at initial diagnosis had a greater excess risk than women age 50 years and older (SIR, 1.77 [95% CI, 1.63 to 1.91] and 1.20 [95% CI, 1.15 to 1.24], respectively). Conclusion The findings likely reflect a combination of personal risk factors (genetics, hormonal therapy, environmental exposures) as well as the effects of the initial cancer treatment and are unlikely to be explained by enhanced surveillance alone.
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Bairamova, Nurana N., Anna E. Protasova, Grigory A. Raskin, Maria I. Yarmolinskaya, Anna A. Tsypurdeyeva, and Maria D. Gavrilova. "Distribution of malignant neoplasms among patients with endometriosis: an epidemiological study." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 67, no. 6 (December 15, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd6765-12.
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Hypothesis/aims of study. The current analysis was undertaken to assess the incidence of malignant diseases in patients with endometriosis.
Study design, materials and methods. This is a cohort study of women with surgically verified endometriosis retrieved from the Saint Petersburg 122 Clinical Hospital Discharge Register 1996–2006 (n = 1551). Data were linked to the Saint Petersburg Cancer Agency to identify cases of malignancy.
Results. Malignant diseases were identified in 6.3% (n = 98) of cases. The median follow-up was 12.2 (7.5) years. Breast cancer (n = 29), ovarian cancer (n = 7), endometrial cancer (n = 7), thyroid cancer (n = 7), colorectal cancer (n = 6), melanoma (n = 6), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (n = 4), and glioblastoma (n = 3) were prevalent.
Conclusion. The incidence of cancer in patients with endometriosis is low. Women with endometriosis have an increased risk of some malignancies, particularly ovarian cancer.
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Terres, Mariana Lima, Marília Camponogara Torres, and Viviane Maria Heberle. "THE VISUAL REPRESENTATION OF MATURE WOMEN ON THE POSTERS OF THE NETFLIX SERIES “GRACE AND FRANKIE”." Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada 59, no. 3 (September 2020): 2309–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01031813916721620210125.
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ABSTRACT This article aims at presenting a multimodal analysis of movie posters concerning the two female leading characters of the Netflix series Grace and Frankie published in their official Facebook page. Specifically, we analyze five posters showing both characters, one from each broadcasted season until 2019 in terms of their visual content based on the Grammar of Visual Design (GVD) (KRESS & VAN LEEUWEN, 1996, 2006), with support from studies concerning women in the media as the theoretical framework. Results indicate that the visual meanings in each poster represent the two characters adequately regarding the key developments of each season, showing their change of conduct and attitude, particularly Grace, over the series. The findings of the analysis here undertaken can hopefully contribute to a critical investigation of social identities in different media and to on-going discussions concerning social semiotics and multimodality in relation to contemporary social practices.
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Sibbritt, David, Jon Adams, and Chi-Wai Lui. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use by a Representative Cohort of Young Australian Women with Asthma, 1996–2006." Journal of Asthma 48, no. 4 (March 11, 2011): 380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2011.560323.
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Aryal, T. R. "The Fertility Impact of Changes in the Timing of Childbearing in Nepal." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 7 (August 30, 2007): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v7i0.571.
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The main aim of this paper is to study the tempo effect in fertility (B-F0 procedure and parity progression-based techniques have been used to check the tempo effects in fertility schedules. B-F procedure has been modified by smoothing annual change in mean age at childbearing over time. Data are taken from NFHS 1996. These techniques yielded a consistent tempo free period TFR for Nepal. These were found to be suitable for adjusting period fertility, especially when fertility is subject to fluctuating tempo effects. It was also found that the tempo effect amounted to be 0.4 births per women in 1991 whereas it was 0.3 birth per women in 1994. Women are likely to delay their childbearing, which implies that observed fertility is lower than it would have been without tempo changes. The period fertility was declining somewhat slow pace, and declined from as about 5 births in 1989 to as about 4 births in 1995. <i>Nepal Journal of Science and Technology</i> Vol. 7, 2006
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Gregorio Fernández, Noelia. "Lo monstruoso femenino como revisitación de la frontera México-Estados Unidos: deshumanización y barbarie en From dusk till dawn (1996)=The monstruous-feminine as a revamping of the U.S.-Mexico Border: dehumanization and savagery in From dusk till dawn (1996)." Estudios Humanísticos. Filología, no. 43 (December 20, 2021): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/ehf.v0i43.7050.
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Tomando como punto de partida diversas teorías sobre la monstruosidad en la frontera México-EE. UU (Alemán 2006; Miller y Van Riper 2012) y referentes de lo monstruoso-femenino (Kristeva 1983; Creed 1993), este artículo pretende analizar From Dusk Till Dawn (Robert Rodriguez, 1996) como un mosaico transcultural reconvertido en alegato sobre la aceptación del “otro” a través de la monstruosidad de su protagonista femenina. This article analyses the concept of the monstrous feminine entrenchment through Robert Rodriguez’s From Dusk Till Dawn and Planet Terror. Drawing from current socio-political imaginaries that have put the spotlight on the oppressed power across women in film, the insertion of horror and the monstrosity in their narratives display a transnational process that reflects cinematic U.S.-Mexico border discourses.
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Muntean, Cristina, Adina Mitrea, Maria Mota, and Valerica Tudorica. "Type 2 Diabetes and its Implications in Cerebrovascular Disease." Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10255-012-0011-7.
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Type 2 Diabetes and its Implications in Cerebrovascular DiseaseType 2 diabetes represents an independent risk factor for vascular cerebral pathology, with a 2-3 times greater probability of stroke. The number of diabetic patients with stroke increased substantially from 6.2% to 11.3% during 1996-2006. Ischemic stroke, small or large vessels occlusion, is the main subtype of cerebrovascular disease, while a smaller percentage is attributed to cerebral hemorrhage. Hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, excess free fatty acids, prothrombotic state cause endothelial dysfunction with blood flow disturbance and major cerebral vessels injury. Elevated blood sugar levels are also associated with a poor prognosis during post-stroke phase. From the total number of deaths caused by acute cerebrovascular events, 16% for men and 33% for women are due to diabetes.
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Su, Wei-Ju, Shu-Fong Chen, Chin-Hui Yang, Pei-Hung Chuang, Hsiu-Fang Chang, and Mei-Hwei Chang. "The Impact of Universal Infant Hepatitis B Immunization on Reducing the Hepatitis B Carrier Rate in Pregnant Women." Journal of Infectious Diseases 220, no. 7 (December 31, 2018): 1118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy706.
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Abstract Background The hepatitis B virus (HBV) status of pregnant women affects HBV vaccine failure in their offspring. This study is aimed to investigate the impact of the universal infant HBV vaccination program on the long-term hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) rate in pregnant women. Methods Using the National Immunization Information System, we examined a 32-year period of cross-sectional data on a maternal HBsAg and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) screening program launched in July 1984. An age-period-cohort model analysis of 940 180 pregnant women screened for July 1996–June 1997 and the years 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 was applied. Results The annual HBsAg- and HBeAg-seropositive rates decreased from 13.4% and 6.4%, respectively, for the period 1984–1985 to 5.9% and 1.0% in 2016 (P for both trends < .0001). Pregnant women with birth years after July 1986 (the HBV vaccination cohort) had the lowest relative risk (0.27 [95% confidence interval, .26–.28]) of HBsAg positivity compared with birth years before June 1984. Conclusions The birth cohort effect in relation to the universal infant HBV immunization program has effectively reduced the HBV carrier rate in pregnant women and the burden of perinatal HBV infection on the next generation.
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Kalmin, O. V., and T. N. Galkina. "DECADAL CHANGES OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF WOMEN OF PENZA REGION OF RUSSIA." Morphological newsletter 27, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20340/mv-mn.19(27).04.9-14.
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The object of the study were 616 girls and women aged 16-29 years who are domiciled in Penza and Penza region. Of those in group A included women born in 1988-1990, surveyed in 2006-2008, in group B - girls born in 1991-1995, surveyed in 2009-2012. Groups C and D accounted surveyed from 2013 to 2015 and 1996-1997 girls born in 1997-1998, respectively. The average age in the youth group was 19.3±0.06 years in general. Group D accounted for 107 of the first mature age women (24-29 years), 1986-1990 birth. Research results from 2008 and 2015 allow to define the increasing trend to ginecomorphy in first adulthood, continued asthenia and normalization of overall weight and growth relations in adolescence at slightly different longitudinal dimensions. Body mass index, as well as an index of a trophy indicates the appearance of a large number of the first mature age women with excess weight (33%), which is a risk factor for heart disease and blood vessels, accelerating the pace of aging and other diseases. Component part of the body in the female group tends to be the replacement of the active muscle to fat, which is most pronounced among women of the first mature age.
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Rieckmann, Andreas, Marie Villumsen, Bo Langhoff Hønge, Signe Sørup, Amabelia Rodrigues, Zacarias Jose da Silva, Hilton Whittle, Christine Benn, and Peter Aaby. "Phase-out of smallpox vaccination and the female/male HIV-1 prevalence ratio: an ecological study from Guinea-Bissau." BMJ Open 9, no. 10 (October 2019): e031415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031415.
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ObjectiveIn Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, we observed that having a smallpox vaccination scar was associated with lower HIV-1 prevalence, more strongly for women than men. If this represents a causal effect, the female/male HIV-1 prevalence ratio would increase for birth cohorts no longer receiving smallpox vaccination due to the phase-out of this vaccine.DesignAn ecological design using HIV surveys and information about smallpox vaccination coverage.SettingUrban and rural Guinea-Bissau.ParticipantsParticipants in HIV surveys were grouped into an age group with decreasing smallpox vaccination coverage (15–34 years) and an age group with steady smallpox vaccination coverage (≥35 years).InterventionsThe exposure of interest was the phase-out of the smallpox vaccine in Guinea-Bissau.Primary and secondary outcome measuresHIV-1 prevalence.ResultsAt both sites, the female/male HIV-1 prevalence ratio increased by calendar time for the age group with decreasing smallpox vaccination coverage; the combined female/male HIV-1 prevalence ratio among people aged 15–34 years was 1.00 (95% CI 0.17 to 5.99) in 1987–1990, 1.16 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.93) in 1996–1997, 2.32 (95% CI 1.51 to 3.56) in 2006–2007 (p value for no trend=0.04). There was no increase in the female-to-male HIV-1 prevalence ratio for the age group >35 years with steady smallpox vaccination coverage; 1.93 (95% CI 0.40 to 9.25) in 1987–1990, 1.32 (95% CI 0.83 to 2.10) in 1996–1997, 0.81 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.16) in 2006–2007 (p value for no trend=0.07).ConclusionsThus, data was compatible with the deduction that the phase-out of smallpox vaccination may have increased the susceptibility to HIV-1 relatively more for women than men. Hence, phasing out smallpox vaccination may have contributed to the global increase in the female/male HIV-1 prevalence ratio among young individuals. Due to the potential fallacies of ecological studies, the results should be interpreted carefully, and this hypothesis needs further assessment. If the hypothesis is true, studies of smallpox vaccination could inform HIV-1 vaccine research.
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McAllister, S. M., N. P. Dickson, K. Sharples, M. R. Reid, J. M. Morgan, E. J. MacDonald, E. Coughlan, T. M. Johnston, N. A. Tanner, and C. Paul. "Unlinked anonymous HIV prevalence among New Zealand sexual health clinic attenders: 2005–2006." International Journal of STD & AIDS 19, no. 11 (November 2008): 752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008153.
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This unlinked anonymous study aimed at determining the prevalence of HIV among sexual health clinic attenders having blood samples taken for syphilis and/or hepatitis B serology in six major New Zealand cities over a 12-month period in 2005–2006. Overall, seroprevalence was five per 1000 (47/9439). Among men who have sex with men (MSM), the overall prevalence and that of previously undiagnosed HIV were 44.1 and 20.1 per 1000, respectively. In heterosexual men, the overall prevalence was 1.2 per 1000 and in women 1.4 per 1000. HIV remains to be concentrated among homosexual and bisexual men. Comparison with a previous survey in 1996–1997 suggests an increase in the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV among MSM and also an increase in the number of MSM attending sexual health clinics. The low prevalence of HIV among heterosexuals suggests no extensive spread into the groups identified at risk of other sexually transmitted infections.
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Vithana, P. V. S. C., S. Perera, D. S. A. F. Dheerasinghe, H. M. I. Handagiripathira, L. Mery, and F. Bray. "Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Female Cancers Among Sri Lankan Women 1995-2010." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 78s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.39800.
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Background: Sri Lanka is facing epidemiologic transition from communicable diseases to noncommunicable diseases in recent decades. Aim: This study analyses the trends in incidence and mortality of all cancers, breast cancer, cervical, ovarian and uterine cancers among Sri Lankan females over 1995-2010. Methods: Cancer incidence was obtained from the published national hospital based cancer registries, Sri Lanka for 1995-2010. Cancer mortality was abstracted from World Health Organization (WHO) database for 1996-2003 and 2006 and Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka for 1995 and 2004-2010 where WHO data were not available. Number of new cases and deaths were obtained by five-year age group for all cancers by sex and breast, cervical, ovarian and uterine cancers for females. Particular cancer specific incidence and mortality rates were directly age-standardized to the world population and age standardized rates were calculated for all ages, 20-34, 35-64 and over 64 years. Results: Female, age-standardized rates (ASR) for incidence for all cancers rose from 63.3 to 87.5 per 100 000 population during 1995-2010 and morality increased from 44.5 to 53.5 per 100 000 population over 1995-2010. In spite of having basically similar trends in both sexes, female incidence remained higher and mortality lower than males. Breast cancer was the commonest cancer among females with its incidence and mortality increasing through-out. Cervical cancer incidence increased during 1995- 2000, declined slightly in 2005 and remained stable over 2006-2010. Cervical cancer mortality remained stable over 1995-1999, declined in 1999-2003, increased in a lesser extend throughout 2003-2006 and remained stable during 2007-2010. Ovarian cancer incidence remained stable over 1995-2010 with 35-64 years being highest. Its mortality remained stable over 1995-2000 and declined slightly during 2000-2003 and increased in 2003-2010 with over 64 years being highest. Uterine cancer incidence and mortality increased steadily throughout 1995-2010. For all above mentioned cancers, incidence and mortality in 0-34 years remained low. Conclusion: Increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality among females over 1995-2010, directs the need of revisiting breast cancer and cervical cancer control program in the country and strengthening awareness and early diagnosis and timely treatment of the other gynecologic cancers.
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Begum, M., L. Robinson, E. Sommers, and G. Bepler. "The impact of PET-based staging on survival of patients with stage I lung cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 7570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.7570.
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7570 Background: Patients with completely resected stage I lung cancer have the best survival. Stage I, as defined by Mountain in 1997, includes tumors of any size located within one lobe of the lung without involvement of the parietal pleura, a distance of 2 cm or more from the carina, and no evidence for metastatic disease in any pulmonary, hilar, or mediastinal lymph node or distant site. The 5-year survival for such patients is 57–67% (Mountain, 1997). We hypothesized that the introduction of FDG-positron emission tomography (PET) scanning would lead to upstaging of stage I patients with a consequential increase in survival. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we compiled a database of all patients with stage I lung cancer that underwent a complete surgical resection at the Moffitt Cancer Center from 1996 to 2006. Results: During this 11-year period, 1230 patients fulfilled these criteria. Surgery was performed by two thoracic surgeons (LR and ES). Description of pts: 638 women, 592 men; 11 African-American, 1215 Caucasian; 18 Hispanic, 1202 Non-Hispanic; age range 28.1–94.0 y, mean 68.9 y, median 69.9 y; 26 pneumonectomies, 243 segmentectomies or wedge resections; 699 adeno-, 15 adenosquamous, 325 squamous, 25 large cell, 57 neuroendocrine carcinomas; maximum tumor diameter range 0.1–25 cm, mean 2.9 cm, median 2.3 cm; 477 dead (survival 0.0–138.8 months), 753 alive (survival 0.1–144.4 months). The median OS by year of resection was: 88.0 m (1996, N=49), 61.2 m (1997, N=52), 72.1 m (1998, N=73), 58.0 m (1999, N=87), 83.6 m (2000, N=100), 75.0 m (2001, N=114), 70.7 m (2002, N=133), >55.7 m (2003, N=140), >41.5 m (2004, N=158), >33.1 m (2005, N=164), and >17.9 m (2006, N=160). These differences were not statistically significant (log-rank p=0.72). PET scanning was initiated at the beginning of the year 2000. The median OS for the 261 patients treated between 1996 and 1999 was 70.7 m (95% CI: 53.9–84.0), and the median OS for the 969 patients treated between 2000 and 2006 was 75.1 m (95% CI: 66.4–83.7). This difference was not statistically significant (log-rank p=0.34). Conclusions: We conclude that the introduction of PET scanning has not impacted on the survival of patients with stage I lung cancer at our institution. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Rana, Kritika, Ritesh Chimoriya, Nabila Binte Haque, Milan K. Piya, Romila Chimoriya, Michael Ekholuenetale, and Amit Arora. "Prevalence and Correlates of Underweight among Women of Reproductive Age in Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 17, 2022): 11737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811737.
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This study aimed to examine the prevalence of underweight and determine the sociodemographic and household environmental correlates of underweight among women of reproductive age in Nepal. This study also compared the time trends in the prevalence of underweight with the trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. This cross-sectional study was a secondary data analysis of the nationally representative population-based Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHSs). Firstly, the time trends of the prevalence of underweight (body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2) among women aged 15–49 years were examined at five-year intervals, from the 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, and 2016 NDHSs (n = 33,507). Secondly, the sociodemographic and household environmental correlates of underweight were examined from the latest NDHS 2016 (n = 6165). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the sociodemographic and household environmental correlates of underweight. From 1996 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased from 25.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 23.8%, 26.8%) to 16.9% (95%CI 16.0%, 17.8%), while the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased from 1.6% (95%CI 1.2%, 2.1%) to 15.6% (95%CI 14.7%, 16.5%) and 0.2% (95%CI 0.1%, 0.4%) to 4.1% (95%CI 3.6%, 4.6%), respectively. Sociodemographic factors, such as age, educational status, marital status, wealth index, and religion, were independently associated with the risk of underweight. Similarly, household environmental factors, such as province of residence, ecological zone, type of toilet facility, and household possessions, including television and mobile phone, were independently associated with the risk of underweight. Despite the declining trends, the prevalence of underweight among Nepalese women remains a public health challenge. Understanding the key sociodemographic and household environmental correlates of underweight may assist in streamlining the content of health promotion campaigns to address undernutrition and potentially mitigate adverse health outcomes.
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Kluin, Jolanda. "A hybrid heart for heart failure – how much remains to be done? An interview with Jolanda Kluin." Future Cardiology 16, no. 5 (September 2020): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fca-2020-0041.
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Jolanda Kluin speaks to Julia Titova, Commissioning Editor at Future Cardiology Jolanda Kluin started her medical training at the Erasmus University Rotterdam in 1989 and obtained her medical degree cum laude in 1996. Thereafter, she worked as a PhD student on the project: “ Photodynamic therapy for Barrett’s esophagus with use of 5-aminolevulinic acid”, receiving her PhD degree cum laude in 1999. In 2006 she finished her residency in cardiothoracic surgery. From 2006 to 2014 she worked as a staff cardiothoracic surgeon at the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the University Medical Center Utrecht and since 2015 she works at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam as congenital cardiac surgeon. In 2018 she became a professor in translational cardiothoracic surgery at the University of Amsterdam. Her main interests are grown ups with congenital heart disease cardiac surgery, mitral valve surgery, and reconstructive surgery of the aortic valve and the thoracic aorta. Alongside her clinical tasks, she has started a new line of research in translational cardiothoracic surgery, including tissue engineering of heart valves, valve pathophysiology and the development of a hybrid soft robotic total artificial heart. She is the current chair of the EACTS Women in Cardiothoracic Surgery Committee.
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Wishah, Um Jabr. "““Prisoners for Freedom””: The Prisoners Issue Before and After Oslo." Journal of Palestine Studies 36, no. 1 (2006): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2006.36.1.71.
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This is the third and final installment of Um Jabr's ““life story,”” earlier segments of which——on village life in pre-1948 Palestine and on the 1948 war and its aftermath——were published in JPS 138 (winter 2006) and JPS 140 (summer 2006). The current excerpts focus on Um Jabr's intense involvement in the prisoner issue that began when two of her sons were in Israeli jails. In particular, her activism took the form of organizing other women to visit prisoners from Arab countries who had no one to visit them on the twice monthly visits allowed. Um Jabr's 36,000-word ““life story”” was one of seven collected as part of an oral history project, as yet unpublished, carried out by Barbara Bill, an Australian who since 1996 has worked with the Women's Empowerment Project of the Gaza Community Mental Health Program, and Ghada Ageel, a refugee from al-Bureij camp now earning her Ph.D. at the University of Exeter in England. The women who participated in the project were interviewed a number of times during the first half of 2001; after the tapes were transcribed, the memories were set down exactly as they were told, the only ““editing”” being the integration of material from the various interviews into one ““life story.”” Um Jabr, who was in her early 70s at the time of the interviews, still lives in al-Bureij camp, where she has since 1950.
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Haring, Bernhard, Jingmin Liu, Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher, Kathleen M. Hayden, Gloria Sarto, Jacques Roussouw, Lew H. Kuller, Steve R. Rapp, and Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller. "Blood pressure variability and brain morphology in elderly women without cardiovascular disease." Neurology 92, no. 12 (February 27, 2019): e1284-e1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000007135.
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ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV), brain volumes, and cognitive functioning in postmenopausal women with few modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsStudy participants consisted of postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Memory MRI study (WHIMS-MRI) without cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or current smoking at baseline (1996–1999). BP readings were taken at baseline and each annual follow-up visit. BPV was defined as the SD associated with a participant's mean BP across visits and the SD associated with the participant's regression line with BP regressed across visits. Brain MRI scans were performed between 2004 and 2006. Cognitive functioning was assessed at baseline and annually thereafter with the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MSE) scoring until 2008. The final sample consisted of 558 women (mean age 69 years, median follow-up time [interquartile range] 8 [0.8] years).ResultsIn adjusted models including mean systolic BP, women in the highest tertile of systolic BPV had lower hippocampal volumes and higher lesion volumes compared to women in the lowest tertile. No relationship between BPV and 3MSE scoring was detected.ConclusionsIn postmenopausal women with few modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, greater visit-to-visit systolic BPV was associated with reductions in hippocampal volume and increases in lesion volumes at later life. These data add evidence to the emerging importance of BPV as a prognostic indicator even in the absence of documented cardiovascular risk factors.
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Holvik, Kristin, Natasja M. van Schoor, Elisabeth M. W. Eekhoff, Martin den Heijer, Dorly J. H. Deeg, Paul Lips, and Renate de Jongh. "Plasma osteocalcin levels as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in older men and women: a population-based cohort study." European Journal of Endocrinology 171, no. 2 (August 2014): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-13-1044.
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ObjectiveThe role of osteocalcin (OC) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unresolved. We aimed to study the association between plasma OC concentrations and the risk of non-fatal and fatal CVDs. We also aimed to investigate whether such an association, if present, would be mediated by established metabolic risk factors.DesignA population-based longitudinal cohort study.MethodsIn 1995/1996, OC was determined in blood samples drawn from 1319 subjects aged 65–88 years participating in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam in 1995/1996. The self-reported CVD events were collected every 3 years until 2005/2006, and CVD deaths until 1st January 2007. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed, considering potential confounders (smoking, physical activity, and BMI) and mediators (blood pressure, plasma triglycerides, total and HDL cholesterol, fructosamine, and aortic calcification).ResultsDuring the median 4.1 years follow-up, 709 subjects (53.8%) suffered a CVD event. There was no overall association between OC and CVD: hazard ratio (HR) was 0.97 (95% CI 0.90–1.04) per nmol/l higher plasma OC, adjusted for age and sex. There was a statistical interaction between plasma OC, age, and sex on CVD (P=0.014). In those subjects aged ≥75 years, age-adjusted HRs (95% CI) were 0.86 (0.75–0.99) in men and 1.16 (1.03–1.31) in women per nmol/l higher plasma OC. Adjustment for covariates only slightly attenuated the association in older-old men, but did not affect the association in older-old women.ConclusionA higher plasma OC concentration was associated with a reduced risk of CVD in older-old men and with an increased risk of CVD in older-old women. We found no evidence that this was mediated by arterial calcification or metabolic risk factors.
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Fritz, Dana R., and Lorna D. Sikorski. "Efficacy in Accent Modification Services: Quantitative and Qualitative Outcomes for Korean Speakers of American English." Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations 20, no. 3 (December 2013): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cds20.3.118.
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Instructors of accent modification programs find few long range efficacy studies that they can use to critically examine the effectiveness of their training programs. Fewer still limit the language background variables of the study participants that might yield interesting information about specific instructional strategies and targets. This long term study examines outcomes data from 167 Korean men and women who participated in the MU (University of Missouri) Accent Modification and Pronunciation Program (AMP) from 2006-present. Quantitative data will include pre- and post- measures using the Sentence Intelligibility Test (Yorkston, Beukelman, & Tice, 1996), the POEC Screen Online (Sikorski, 2009), and qualitative data will include information obtained through surveys of individuals who have completed the MU AMP program. The authors discuss multisensory methods used in this program to effect positive change in adult English as a Second Language (ESL) oral skills.
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Kojima, Akane, Satoyo Ikehara, Kuniyasu Kamiya, Etsuko Kajita, Yuho Sato, Katsuyasu Kouda, Junko Tamaki, Sadanobu Kagamimori, and Masayuki Iki. "Natto Intake is Inversely Associated with Osteoporotic Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Japanese Women." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz292.
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ABSTRACT Background The direct association between intake of Japanese fermented soybeans, namely natto, and bone mineral density (BMD) is known. However, the association with osteoporotic fractures has not been studied. Objective This study aimed to investigate whether habitual natto intake is associated with a risk of osteoporotic fractures. Methods This prospective cohort study included 1417 postmenopausal Japanese women who were enrolled in the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis cohort study in 1996, 1999, 2002, and 2006 and were aged ≥45 y at baseline. The intake of natto, tofu, and other soybean products was surveyed with use of a FFQ at baseline. Fractures were ascertained in follow-up surveys conducted in 1999, 2002, 2006, and 2011/2012. Osteoporotic fracture was the primary outcome and was defined as a clinical fracture occurring without strong external force, diagnosed with radiographs by a medical doctor. HRs with 95% CIs were estimated with Cox proportional hazard models. Results During the 17,699 person-years of follow-up (median, 15.2 y), 172 women experienced osteoporotic fractures. After adjustment for age and BMD at the total hip, the HRs compared with those of < 1 pack (approximately 40 g)/wk natto intake were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.98) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.87) for 1–6 and ≥7 packs/wk, respectively. After further adjustment for BMI, history of osteoporotic fractures, history of myocardial infarction or stroke, diabetes mellitus, current smoking, alcohol intake, frequency of tofu and other soybean product intakes, and dietary calcium intake, the HRs were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.10) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.99) for 1–6 and ≥7 packs/wk, respectively. Frequency of tofu or other soybean product intakes had no association with the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Conclusions Habitual natto intake may be associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures independent of confounding factors, including BMD, in Japanese postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at umin.ac.jp as UMIN 000032869.
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Coutinho, Raquel Zanatta, and Andre Braz Golgher. "Modelling the proximate determinants of fertility for Brazil: the advent of competing preferences." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 35, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0041.
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More than half of the world’s population lives in a country where fertility is below replacement level (MYRSKYLA; KOHLER; BILLARI, 2009). In Brazil, the total fertility rate (TFR) went down from 4.26 children per women in 1980 to 1.91 in 2010. Some internal disparities exist. We use data from the DHS from 1986, 1996 and the PNDS from 2006, the most recent survey available, to decompose and analyze fertility rates using a framework proposed by Bongaarts (2001), which is especially useful to explore and compare factors behind total fertility rates. The framework includes desired family size (DFS), unwanted fertility, sex preference, replacements for child mortality, rising age at childbearing, involuntary infertility and competing preferences. By understanding fertility components across time in Brazil, this paper illuminates how these factors vary by socio-demographic characteristics (race, religion, wealth, education, and place of residence), and how these factors combined have formed TFR throughout the years and in contexts of both high and low fertility. We found that, contrarily to what happened in the past, women in recent periods are having, in aggregate, fewer children than their ideal family sizes. However, unwanted pregnancies still explain why certain social groups have more children than desired. We also find that women with higher levels of education tend to desire more children than women with lower educational levels. Competing preferences is the main explanation for this disparity.
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Park, Jeongok, Kyoungjin Lee, and Heejung Kim. "Factors Associated with Subsequent Childbirth between Marriage Years in Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 29, 2021): 12560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312560.
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This study aimed to identify differences in factors associated with subsequent childbirth between the marriage years of 1996–2005 (Group 1) and 2006–2015 (Group 2) using the 2015 National Survey. A total of 5097 eligible participants (2492 and 2605 women in each group, respectively) were included. The main variables consisted of demographic characteristics, socio-economic status, value for child and son, and social support for raising child. For statistical analysis, discrete-time hazard models were used. The common factors associated with subsequent childbirth in both groups were son preference (Group 1: HR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.06–1.27, Group 2: HR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.04–1.24) and the favorable value on children (HR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.01–1.25, HR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.01–1.22). Only in Group 2, age at the first childbirth (HR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.31–1.39) and more monthly income (≥4600, <6000: HR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.04–1.33, ≥6000: HR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.00–1.32) were significantly associated with subsequent children. Whereas, working women (HR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.78–0.94) were less likely to have subsequent children. To increase fertility in Korea, the government must provide childcare and deal with factors associated with low fertility considering the reduction in role incomparability for women due to changes in demographic characteristics.
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Homer, L., M.-T. Le Martelot, F. Morel, V. Amice, V. Kerlan, M. Collet, and M. De Braekeleer. "45,X/46,XX mosaicism below 30% of aneuploidy: clinical implications in adult women from a reproductive medicine unit." European Journal of Endocrinology 162, no. 3 (March 2010): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-09-0750.
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ObjectiveTurner's syndrome (TS) is well known, but prognosis for 45,X/46,XX mosaicism below 30% of aneuploidy has not been established. We evaluated differences in clinical features and biological parameters between patients with numerical sex chromosome mosaicism diagnosed incidentally and control women.DesignRetrospective observational study of clinical features and biological parameters.MethodsStandard endocrinological and gynecological examination was done and early-follicular-phase blood values were collected from the medical records of women aged 21–43, who were referred to our ward from 1996 to 2006 because of infertility and were karyotyped. Seventy-one women with sex chromosome mosaicism (45,X/46,XX) ranging from 4 to 28% were assigned a chromosomally normal woman (46,XX) matched according to age (n=71).ResultsIn group 45,X/46,XX, 8% or more of aneuploidy accounted for a smaller height compared to controls (P=0.01). Body mass index was increased from 6% of aneuploidy (P=0.02) and was positively correlated to the percentage of 45,X cells (P=0.0001); menarche occurred earlier from 10% of aneuploidy (P=0.01) and was inversely correlated to the percentage of 45,X cells (P=0.045). No difference was found between the groups for FSH, LH, estradiol, inhibin B, and TSH values. Spontaneous abortions were more frequent in case of mosaicism (P=0.01), and recurrence was positively correlated to the percentage of aneuploidy (P=0.008).ConclusionSex chromosome mosaicism is responsible for clinical changes from 6% of aneuploidy, corresponding to the main phenotypical features of TS.