To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: 1995.
Journal articles on the topic '1995'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic '1995.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Luchin, Vladimir A., and Vladimir I. Matveev. "Interannual variability of thermal state of the cold subsurface layer in the Okhotsk Sea." Izvestiya TINRO 187, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26428/1606-9919-2016-187-205-216.
Full textAbstract:
Long-term variability of the cold subsurface water (CSW) in the Okhotsk Sea is analyzed on the base of all available oceanographic data collected in March through August of 1946-2015 (total 65,742 stations). The Integral Heat Content (IHC) is calculated for each station and average annual IHC anomalies of the cold subsurface water are determined by month and by 2-degree grid. The IHC anomaly series are analyzed using the EOF analysis. Cycles with period of approximately 30 years are revealed in the variations of the subsurface layer heat content. Thus, in the 1946-1950, its temperature decreased, but it grew since 2009-2010 to 2015. The warming of CSW was also observed in the 1951-1964 and 1978-1994, while the cooling was in the 1965-1977 and 1995-2008. Based on this criterion, the CSW thermal condition in certain years is classified as «extremely cold» in 2001, as «cold» in 1949, 1950, 1951, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1999, 2000, 2010, 2012, as «normal» in 1946, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1975, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, as «warm» in 1948, 1956, 1964, 1968, 1974, 1981, 1984, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 2015, and as «extremely warm» in 1963. Statistically significant correlation is found between changes of the CSW thermal conditions and long-term variations of atmosphere and ocean climate indices, as well as local patterns of the atmosphere-ice-ocean interaction in the Okhotsk Sea and adjacent onshore and offshore areas of Asia and the Pacific Ocean.
2
Mina Valdés, Alejandro. "Simulación de los cambios demográficos de una población entre dos fechas." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 14, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v14i3.1062.
Full textAbstract:
La información del XI Censo nacional de población y vivienda (centrada al 12 de marzo de 1990) y la del Conteo nacional de población (centrada al 5 de noviembre de 1995) son la base de esta nota. El objetivo es simular el efecto de los fenómenos demográficos básicos a saber, la mortalidad, fecundidad y migración, para periodos anuales, en este caso, del 12 de marzo de 1990 al 12 de marzo de 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 y del 12 de marzo de 1995 al 5 de noviembre del mismo año.
3
CICCHETTI, DANTE, and J. LAWRENCE ABER. "Contextualism and developmental psychopathology." Development and Psychopathology 10, no. 2 (June 1998): 137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579498001540.
Full textAbstract:
The field of developmental psychopathology has grown rapidly over the past several decades and research conducted within this framework has made substantial contributions to our understanding of human adaptation and maladaptation (Cicchetti & Cohen, 1995a, 1995b; Cicchetti & Richters, 1997; Cicchetti & Toth, 1998a). Influenced by the theoretical expositions of several prominent developmentalists, including Jay Belsky (1984), Uri Bronfenbrenner (1979), Robert Emde (1994), Donald Ford and Richard Lerner (1992), Michael Lewis (1997), Patricia Minuchin (1985), Arnold Sameroff (1983; Sameroff & Emde, 1989), Alan Sroufe (Sroufe, Egeland, & Kreutzer, 1990), and Esther Thelen and Linda Smith (1994), theorists have called attention to the importance of viewing the development of psychopathology within a continuously unfolding, dynamic, and ever changing context (see, for example, Belsky, 1993; Cicchetti & Aber, 1986; Cicchetti & Lynch, 1993; Cicchetti & Toth, 1998b; Coie & Jacobs, 1993; Jensen & Hoagwood, 1997; Richters & Cicchetti, 1993; Susman, 1993). Moreover, we now know that social contexts exert effects not only on psychological processes but also on biological structures and processes (Boyce, Frank, Jensen, Kessler, Nelson, Steinberg, et al., 1998; Cicchetti & Tucker, 1994; Eisenberg, 1995; Nelson & Bloom, 1997).
4
Cordero Michel, Emilio. "Últimas publicaciones de historia dominicana. Años 1994, 1995 y primera mitad de 1996." Revista ECOS UASD 4, no. 5 (October 4, 1996): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51274/ecos.v4i5.pp227-249.
Full textAbstract:
En los cuatro números anteriores de Ecos se compiló la casi totalidad de las publicaciones de los años 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 y de la primera mitad de 1995. En esta ocasión se han reunido algunas que faltaron de 1994 y 1995, así como las aparecidas en los meses de enero-mayo de 1996.
5
Ivanov, I. N. "Dynamics of traumatism, mortality and lethality in damage by sharp objects in Leningrad – St. Petersburg in 1978–2020." EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE 23, no. 2 (June 21, 2022): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24884/2072-6716-2022-23-2-52-58.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose of the study. Тo analyze the dynamics of traumatism, mortality and lethality from injuries with sharp objects in Leningrad — St. Petersburg, taking into account economic processes, regulation of the alcoholic beverages market and the capabilities of the ambulance service.Materials and methods. The work is based on archival material of the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “Bureau of Forensic Medicine” for 1978–2020.Results and discussion. For 43 years in the evolution of traumatism, mortality and lethality from injuries from sharp objects, periods have been traced: pre-crisis (1978–1990), crisis with phases of rise (1991–1993), turning-point (1994) and recession (1995–2004), exit from the crisis or the beginning of stabilization (2005–2011), post-crisis stabilization (2012–2020). The dynamics of statisti cal indicators was influenced by the anti-alcohol campaign (1985), the destabilization of the alcohol market and the elimination of the state monopoly on alcohol (1990–1992), the restoration of state regulation of the turnover of alcoholic products (1993), and the restriction of alcohol consumption (since 1995), financial and economic crises (1991, 1998, 2008–2009), improvement of the emergency medical service (2004, 2013).Conclusions. Economic crises were accompanied by negative dynamics of traumatism. The destabilization of the alcoholic beverages market was accompanied by an increase in traumatism and mortality. The well-organized work of the ambulance service ensures an acceptable level of lethality and mortality.
6
Itioka, Takao, and Manabu Yamauti. "Severe drought, leafing phenology, leaf damage and lepidopteran abundance in the canopy of a Bornean aseasonal tropical rain forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 4 (July 2004): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001658.
Full textAbstract:
Rainfall fluctuation influences the physiology and leaf production of the trees in tropical rain forests (Burslem et al. 1996, Condit et al. 1995, Reekie & Wayne 1992, Reich 1995), and consequently it may have an impact on the community of herbivores that depend on forest trees for their food resources (Aide 1988, 1992; Basset 1991, Coley 1998, Lowman 1985, van Schaik et al. 1993).
7
KO, ICE W. P., RICHARD T. CORLETT, and RUO-JUN XU. "Sugar composition of wild fruits in Hong Kong, China." Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, no. 3 (May 1998): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467498000297.
Full textAbstract:
Soluble carbohydrates are the major nutritional reward in the pulp of most vertebrate dispersed fruits (Corlett 1996, Herrera 1987, Johnson et al. 1985, Jordano 1995). However, although detailed analyses have been made of the carbohydrate content of many cumtivated fruits (e.g. Nagy et al. 1990, Widdowson & McCance 1935), most studies of wild fruits have only quantified total soluble carbohydrates (e.g. Conklin & Wrangham 1994, Corlett 1996, Foster & McDiarmid 1983, Herrera 1987, Izhaki 1992). This is unfortunate because relatively minor differences in the chemical structure of nutrients can have profound implications for frugivorous animals (Martinez del Rio & Restrepo 1993), and the fruit choices of these animals in turn, may have major implications for the abundance and distribution of the plant species.
8
Barbuy, B., E. Bica, and S. Ortolani. "1.9. Globular clusters within 5° of the Galactic center." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 184 (1998): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900083881.
Full textAbstract:
The knowledge of age and spatial distribution of stars in the Galactic bulge require observational constraints to establish whether its stellar population is very old (Larson 1990) or is a younger, disk-like component (Raha et al. 1992), and if its shape is spherical or extended, or perhaps a bar (Blitz & Spergel 1991). Yet other possibilities are a flattened bulge or a disk-like system (Zinn 1985; Armandroff 1989; Ortolani et al. 1993; Minniti 1995).
9
Matsumoto, Wilson Kioshi, Maria Glória Vicente, Maria Aparecida Silva, and Lia Lusitana Cardozo de Castro. "Comportamento epidemiológico da malária nos municípios que compõem a Bacia do Alto Paraguai, Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de 1990 a 1996." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 14, no. 4 (October 1998): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1998000400021.
Full textAbstract:
Com base em dados secundários levantados na Coordenação Regional da Fundação Nacional de Saúde/Ministério da Saúde (FNS/MS), obteve-se o número de casos de malária registrados na Bacia do Alto Paraguai (BAP), no Mato Grosso do Sul (MS): 159, 126, 135, 61, 143, 41 e 20 em, respectivamente, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995 e 1996, sendo a grande maioria destes de casos importados. Em 1990 não houve casos autóctones, e a partir de 1991 os índices superiores a 15% foram diminuindo até ficar próximo de 1,60%. Os casos introduzidos, que 1990 correspondiam a 0,63%, aumentaram em 1991 e 1992, mantendo-se em torno de 1,50%, atingindo em 1993 percentuais de 3,28%. Foram registrados casos induzidos somente em 1991 e 1992 (menos de 1%). A faixa etária mais atingida foi a compreendida entre 16 e 45 anos. Houve um predomínio do Plasmodium vivax no total de lâminas examinadas. Embora os casos autóctones de malária não sejam maioria, a doença constitui importante problema de Saúde Pública na BAP em razão da presença do vetor Anopheles (N.) darlingi e das correntes migratórias para a região.
10
Gershberg, R. E. "Some Results of the Coordinated Observations of the Red Dwarf Flare Star EV Lac in 1986-1994." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 151 (1995): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100034631.
Full textAbstract:
In 1986-94 a series of coordinated monitorings for the flare star EV Lac has been performed. The observations were aimed to collect homogeneous data on the star both in its active and quiet states, to study its flares and starspots. These photometric patrols were accompanied by monitorings of EV Lac of different other kinds: polarimetric, spectral, radio, UV and high energy studies. In total, these monitorings covered a range from decametre radio wavelengths through IR, optical and UV windows up to very high energy γ-rays. The list of participants of these studies is very large. Up to date the results of 1986, 1987, 1990 and 1991 are published (Gershberg et al. 1991a,b, 1993, Alekseev et al. 1994), the data of 1989 are submitted (Berdyugin et al. 1995), the data of 1992 (Abdul-Aziz et al. 1995) will be submitted in the near future. In 1993, photometric observations were accompanied by monitoring observations of EUVE and IUE, in 1994, VHE γ-ray observations were included. The publication of data collected in 1993 and 1994 is in preparation. In this communication I shall concentrate on several new findings related to the EV Lac flares only.
11
CAO, CHENG-QUAN, JIAN-PING SHI, and ZHAN YIN. "A new species of the genus Chrysacris Zheng, 1983 from China (Orthoptera: Acridoidea, Acrididae)." Zootaxa 4311, no. 3 (August 24, 2017): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4311.3.11.
Full textAbstract:
The Chrysacris Zheng, 1983 is a median genus in Acrididae, which contains 18 species [Tu & Cheng, 1964; Zheng, 1983; Lian & Zheng, 1987; Li & Chen, 1988; Zheng, 1988; Liu, 1990; Ren et al, 1991; Liang & Jia, 1992; Zheng et al, 1992; Ren et al, 1993; Zhang & Zheng, 1993; Zheng, 1993; Zheng & Shi, 1993; Niu, 1994; Ren et al, 1994; Zheng et al, 1995; Yin et al, 1996; Ren 2001; Ren et al, 2002; Yin et al, 2003; Zheng et al, 2011; Dong et al, 2015; Eades, et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2017], mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Guizhou provinces of China. A new species of the genus Chrysacris is described from Inner Mongolia, China in this paper. Type specimens are deposited in the Natural Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
12
Strayer, David L., Lane C. Smith, and Dean C. Hunter. "Effects of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion on the macrobenthos of the freshwater tidal Hudson River." Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-212.
Full textAbstract:
To assess the effect of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion on benthic animal communities, we monitored the macrozoobenthos at eight sites in the freshwater tidal Hudson River in 1990-1995. Zebra mussels were absent or scarce in the Hudson River before September 1992, but abundant (mean 17 000/m2) on hard substrata in 1993-1995 and responsible for large declines in phytoplankton biomass. All of our monitoring stations had soft sediments, and so had low local densities of zebra mussels (mean 78/m2). Nevertheless, we observed marked changes in the macrozoobenthos at these stations. Sphaeriid clams declined by 67% between 1990-1992 and 1993-1995, but no other group of macrobenthos showed a simple change in density between 1990-1992 and 1993-1995 across all eight monitoring sites. Instead, most taxa showed a strong interaction between zebra mussel impacts and water depth. At deep-water sites, macrozoobenthic density declined by 33% between 1990-1992 and 1993-1995, while at shallow-water sites, density rose by 25%. We suggest that these changes were probably caused by reduced sedimentation of edible particles at deep-water sites combined with increased biomass of macrophytes and attached algae at shallow-water sites.
13
Armitage, Mark H. "Artifacts from Rapid Microwave Processing of Trematode Tissues (Ascocotyle pachycystisandleighi)." Microscopy Today 12, no. 5 (September 2004): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500056285.
Full textAbstract:
The use of microwave energy to assist in the processing of biological tissues for microscopy has generated significant interest in recent years. Microwave (MW) processing has been used to prepare tissues for light microscopy (Carranzaet al.1990 [using parasite tissues]; van Dorpet al.1995; Daviset al.1997; Izumiet al2000; and Rohret al.2001), as well as for electron microscopy (Kasaet al.1982; Hopwoodet al.1984; Leonget al.1985; Kanget al,1991 [using parasite tissues]; Heumann 1992; Wagenaaret al.1993; Login and Dvorak 1993; Giberson and Demaree 1995; Madden and Miriam 1997; Gibersonet al.1997; Morinet al.1997; Petrali and Mills 1999; Massa and Arana-Chavez 2000; Hernandez and Guillen 2000 [using parasite tissues]; Demaree 2001; Giberson 2001).Most reports, particularly those published by manufacturers of microwave ovens, have shown positive results regarding tissue ultrastructure, however discussion continues on possible mechanisms of preservation by the use of MW technology.
14
Grisshammer, R., and C. G. Tateu. "Overexpression of integral membrane proteins for structural studies." Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 28, no. 3 (August 1995): 315–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033583500003504.
Full textAbstract:
Determination of the structure of integral membrane proteins is a challenging task that is essential to understand how fundamental biological processes (such as photosynthesis, respiration and solute translocation) function at the atomic level. Crystallisation of membrane proteins in 3D has led to the determination of four atomic resolution structures [photosynthetic reaction centres (Allenet al. 1987; Changet al. 1991; Deisenhofer & Michel, 1989; Ermleret al. 1994); porins (Cowanet al. 1992; Schirmeret al. 1995; Weisset al. 1991); prostaglandin H2synthase (Picotet al. 1994); light harvesting complex (McDermottet al. 1995)], and crystals of membrane proteins formed in the plane of the lipid bilayer (2D crystals) have produced two more structures [bacteriorhodopsin (Hendersonet al. 1990); light harvesting complex (Kühlbrandtet al. 1994)].
15
Brown, Clois. "Power in the Performers’ Hands." Canadian Theatre Review 87 (June 1996): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.87.009.
Full textAbstract:
In the past ten years, Resource Centre for the Arts (RCA) Theatre Company has premiered over fifty new plays. Among them, Young Triffie’s Been Made Away With (1985), recently produced and toured by Ship’s Company; Catlover (1990), also produced by Tarragon Theatre and by the Stephenville Festival; Flux (1991), also produced by Eastern Front Company, Live Bait, and as part of the film, The Hall Trilogy; Possible Maps (1991), also produced by Tarragon and published by Coach House Press; Hanlon House (1991), also produced for film as a part of The Hall Trilogy; Time Before Thought (1991), also produced by Great Canadian Theatre Company and by CBC Radio for national broadcast; Urbanite (1993); Still Alive (1994), co-produced with Factory Theatre; The AlieNation of Lizzie Dyke (1994), and Murder at the Royal Cafe (1995).
16
Jolibert, Alian, and Florence Euzéby. "Le processus de révision de RAM : une étude longitudinale." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) 13, no. 2 (June 1998): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/076737019801300201.
Full textAbstract:
Cet article étudie le processus de révision de Recherche et Applications en Marketing sur trois périodes (1990-1991; 1993-1994; 1995-1996). Il analyse l'pévolution du flux d'articles soumis, du processus de sélection, du taux d'acceptation ainsi que des rubriques et thémes de la revue.
17
Dimri, V. P. "Fractal behavior and detectibility limits of geophysical surveys." GEOPHYSICS 63, no. 6 (November 1998): 1943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444487.
Full textAbstract:
The detectibility limits of a large‐scale geophysical measuring network (such as arrays of seismometers for seismic hazard assessment, arrays of air guns and vibrators in seismic profiling, and station spacing in gravity, magnetic, magnetotelluric, and other geophysical surveys for exploration of oil, minerals, and groundwater) depends on the fractal dimension of the network and the anomaly (Lovejoy et al., 1986; Korvin, 1992). The geophysical anomaly resulting from the fractal nature of sources (Turcotte, 1992) [such as length of fault (Okubo and Aki, 1987; Robertson et al., 1995), velocity inhomogeneities (Sato, 1988), nonrandom distribution of density (Thorarinsson and Magnusson, 1990) and susceptibility (Pilkington and Todoeschuck, 1993; Pilkington et al., 1994; Maus and Dimri, 1994, 1995, 1996), reflectivity (Todoeschuck et al., 1990; Dimri, 1992), etc.] cannot be accurately measured unless its fractal dimension does not exceed the difference of the 2-D Euclidean and fractal dimension of the network (Lovejoy et al., 1986; Korvin, 1992).
18
FELIPE, XAVIER, and ANDREW J. R. LAW. "SHORT COMMUNICATIONS Preparative-scale fractionation of bovine, caprine and ovine whey proteins by gel permeation chromatography." Journal of Dairy Research 64, no. 3 (August 1997): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029997002276.
Full textAbstract:
The whey proteins of the cow, goat and sheep have previously been fractionated on an analytical scale by reversed-phase HPLC (De Frutos et al. 1992), anion-exchange FPLC (Andrews et al. 1985; Manji et al. 1985; Laezza et al. 1991) and gel permeation FPLC (Andrews et al. 1985; Hill & Kakuda, 1990). Anion-exchange and gel permeation FPLC can readily be scaled up for laboratory preparation of whey protein fractions. There is some indication, however, that anion-exchange FPLC does not give complete separation of β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin from the other minor whey protein fractions (Girardet et al. 1989).In previous work it has been shown that gel permeation FPLC gives a satisfactory fractionation of the whey proteins of the cow (Law et al. 1993), goat (Law & Brown, 1994) and sheep (Law, 1995). In this paper we describe a scaled-up method of gel permeation that can be used for fairly rapid preparation or purification of four main whey protein fractions from the milks of these species.
19
HUTTON, GRAHAM, and ERIK MEIJER. "Monadic parsing in Haskell." Journal of Functional Programming 8, no. 4 (July 1998): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796898003050.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is a tutorial on defining recursive descent parsers in Haskell. In the spirit of one-stop shopping, the paper combines material from three areas into a single source. The three areas are functional parsers (Burge, 1975; Wadler, 1985; Hutton, 1992; Fokker, 1995), the use of monads to structure functional programs (Wadler, 1990, 1992a, 1992b), and the use of special syntax for monadic programs in Haskell (Jones, 1995; Peterson et al., 1996). More specifically, the paper shows how to define monadic parsers using do notation in Haskell.Of course, recursive descent parsers defined by hand lack the efficiency of bottom-up parsers generated by machine (Aho et al., 1986; Mogensen, 1993; Gill and Marlow, 1995). However, for many research applications, a simple recursive descent parser is perfectly sufficient. Moreover, while parser generators typically offer a fixed set of combinators for describing grammars, the method described here is completely extensible: parsers are first-class values, and we have the full power of Haskell available to define new combinators for special applications. The method is also an excellent illustration of the elegance of functional programming.
20
Werum, Regina. "Sectionalism and Racial Politics: Federal Vocational Policies and Programs in the Predesegregation South." Social Science History 21, no. 3 (1997): 399–453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320001779x.
Full textAbstract:
Extant literature onvocational reformsgives the impression that they, like other educational reforms, resulted from a consensus between northern industrialists and professional educators (e.g., Bowles and Gintis 1976; Cohen 1968; Cremin 1961; Cuban 1982; Fones-Wolf 1983; Kett 1982; Powers 1992; Tyack 1981 [1974]). If national educational reforms reflected national economic interests, we should expect twentieth-century federal vocational legislation to reflect the interests of an increasingly industrialized national economy. By the same token, regionally specific economic interests should find their reflection primarily in local educational practice. This view rests on the assumption that a “national economy” has existed and that federal policies have not reflected sectional economic interests. In reality, southern sectional interests have shaped a variety of economic and social policies, ranging from post-Reconstruction child labor and compulsory education laws to New Deal policies such as the 1933 National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), the 1935 National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act, welfare policy, and the 1935 Social Security Act establishing old-age security and unemployment compensation (Alston and Ferrie 1985; Bensei 1984; Lieberman 1995; Quadagno 1988, 1994; Shulman 1991; Skocpol 1995).
21
Byrom, Andrea E., Tim J. Karels, Charles J. Krebs, and Rudy Boonstra. "Experimental manipulation of predation and food supply of arctic ground squirrels in the boreal forest." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 8 (August 1, 2000): 1309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-055.
Full textAbstract:
We examined whether arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryii plesius) populations in northern boreal forest in the Yukon Territory, Canada, were limited by food, predators, or a combination of both, during the decline and low phases of a snowshoe hare cycle. From 1990 to 1995, populations were monitored in large-scale (1 km2) experimental manipulations. Squirrels were studied on eight 9-ha grids: four unmanipulated control grids, two food-supplemented grids, a predator-exclosure grid, and a predator-exclosure + food-supplemented grid. Population density was measured on all grids by livetrapping and active-season survival was measured using radiotelemetry. Population densities were lowest in 1992 and 1993 (2 years after the snowshoe hare population decline). Rates of population change were negative from 1991 to 1993, when predation pressure was most intense after the snowshoe hare decline, and positive from 1993 to 1995, when hares and predators were at low densities. Predation accounted for 125 of 130 mortalities (96%) of radio-collared squirrels. Adult survival was significantly lower in 1992 and 1993 than in 1994 and 1995, and was a strong predictor of annual rates of population change in arctic ground squirrels. Treatments were ranked as follows in their effect on adult survival: predator exclosure + food-supplemented > food-supplemented > predator exclosure > controls. Juvenile survival was lowest in 1992, and food addition and predator removal separately increased juvenile survival. On average, predator exclusion increased population densities twofold, food supplementation increased densities fourfold, and food supplementation and predator removal together increased densities 10-fold. We conclude that food and predation interact to limit arctic ground squirrel populations in the boreal forest during the decline and low phases of the snowshoe hare cycle. The snowshoe hare cycle may indirectly create a lagged secondary fluctuation in arctic ground squirrel populations through shared cyclic predators.
22
Østensen, R., S. Refsdal, R. Stabell, and J. Teuber. "Results From Five Years Of Monitoring Of The Einstein Cross With NOT." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 173 (1996): 259–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s007418090023146x.
Full textAbstract:
After some preliminary observations in 1990, a program was started in 1991 at the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) on the island of La Palma for monitoring mainly four well known gravitational lens systems: QSO0142-100, QSO0957+561, QS01413+117 and QSO2237+0305 (The Einstein Cross). Here we report results from the monitoring of the Einstein Cross. During the four year period the Monitor Program was active (1990-1993) we gathered 55 high quality observations of this well known lens system. In addition we have collected 32 more observations in 1994 and a further four so far in 1995, a total of 91 new observations of the Einstein Cross.Here we report results from the monitoring of the Einstein Cross. During the four year period the Monitor Program was active (1990–1993) we gathered 55 high quality observations of this well known lens system. In addition we have collected 32 more observations in 1994 and a further four so far in 1995, a total of 91 new observations of the Einstein Cross.
23
Gallandt, Eric R., Matt Liebman, Sue Corson, Gregory A. Porter, and Silke D. Ullrich. "Effects of pest and soil management systems on weed dynamics in potato." Weed Science 46, no. 2 (April 1998): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500090482.
Full textAbstract:
Results from the “Potato Ecosystem Project,” a cropping systems study in northern Maine, were used to test the hypothesis that greater reliance on organic nutrient sources and less reliance on synthetic fertilizer sources can benefit weed management efforts. ‘Atlantic’ potato was grown in a 2-yr rotation within a factorial arrangement of three pest management systems, two soil management systems, and both rotation entry points. Weed control in the conventional (CONV) pest management system relied on full rates of herbicides, whereas the biointensive (BIO) system relied exclusively on cultivation. The reduced input (RI) pest management system relied on cultivation in 1991 and 1992 and on 50% of standard herbicide rates plus cultivation from 1993 to 1995. The two soil management systems, unamended (barley/red clover rotation crop; 1× synthetic fertilizer for potato) and amended (pea/oat/hairy vetch green manure rotation crop; manure, compost, and 0.5× synthetic fertilizer for potato) contrasted practices typical for the region to those designed to achieve rapid improvements in soil quality. Midseason weed biomass in potato was dominated by common lambsquarters. In 1991 and 1992, weed biomass in potato was least in the CONV system and did not differ between the RI and BIO systems. In 1993, weeds in both RI and CONV potatoes were effectively suppressed below the level measured in the BIO system. Soil management had no effect on weed biomass from 1991 to 1993 but became an important factor affecting weeds in the BIO system in 1994 and 1995. Weed biomass was 77% lower in 1994 and 72% lower in 1995 in the amended soil management system than in the unamended system. No significant yield loss due to weeds was detected in the 1994 BIO system, but in 1995 yield loss due to weeds was 37% in the unamended system compared to 12% in the amended system. Soil management effects on weeds in the 1994 BIO pest management system carried through to the following season's germinable seed bank. Density of germinable common lambsquarters seed (0 to 10 cm soil depth) in the 1995 BIO system was 4,082 m−2in the unamended soil management system compared to 1,280 m−2in the amended soil management system. We suggest that organic amendments and green manure promote a potato crop better able to compete with weeds and that these inputs be considered as potentially important components of integrated weed management systems that have minimal reliance on herbicides.
24
Retallack, Gregory J. "Ordovician Life on Land and Early Paleozoic Global Change." Paleontological Society Papers 6 (November 2000): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600000693.
Full textAbstract:
Many Paleontologists share the opinion of McGhee (1996), who wrote “Prior to the Devonian, there was no terrestrial ecosystem to speak of. Some primitive plants precariously establishing a beachhead in protected coastal areas was about it. The interiors of the continents of the planet Earth were as barren as the rocky landscapes of Mars.” Thus, it was with trepidation that I reported paleosols containing trace fossils of early land animals in the late Ordovician, Juniata Formation, of Pennsylvania (Retallack and Feakes, 1987; Retallack, 1992a, 1992b, 1993). My late colleague, Jane Gray, engendered considerable debate by reporting Ordovician and Early Silurian spores like those of liverworts (Gray and Boucot, 1977; Gray, 1985). This spore, trace fossil and paleosol evidence for life on land in the Ordovician has remained controversial (Buatois et al., 1998; Shear, 1998), but evidence for Ordovician life on land has continued to accumulate. Especially important was discovery of myriapod trackways from mid-Ordovician (Llandeilian-Caradocian) Borrowdale Volcanics of the Lake District, England (Johnson et al., 1994). Abundant arthropod burrows and tracks, and a single body fossil of an euthycarcinoid in the fluvial-eolian Tumblagooda Sandstone of Western Australia (White 1990; McNamara and Trewin, 1993; Trewin and McNamara, 1995) are now thought to be late Ordovician in age (Iaksy et al., 1998). An enigmatic assemblage of arthropods and plants from a mid-Ordovician paleokarst in Tennessee (Caster and Brooks, 1956) is now thought to have been lacustrine (Gray, 1988a). The fossil record of Ordovician land plants also has improved with the discovery of possible megafossil mosses (Snigirevskaya et al. 1992), and possible late Ordovician trilete spores (Nøhr-Hansen and Koppelhus, 1998; Richardson 1988; Strother, 1991; Strother et al., 1996). But the most abundant evidence for Ordovician life on land remains fossil soils, now exploited by increasingly thorough and sophisticated studies (Retallack, 1985, 1992a, 1992b, 1993; Feakes et al., 1989; Driese and Foreman 1991, 1992a, 1992b; Driese et al., 1992, 1997; Mora et al., 1991, 1996; Mora and Driese, 1993; Yapp and Poths, 1992, 1994, 1996; Yapp, 1993, 1996). Mounting evidence from fossils and paleosols now presents an increasingly detailed view of Ordovician ecosystems on land.
25
Neilsen, G. H., E. J. Hogue, and M. Meheriuk. "Nitrogen fertilization and orchard-floor vegetation management affect growth, nutrition and fruit quality of Gala apple." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 79, no. 3 (July 1, 1999): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p98-091.
Full textAbstract:
Gala apple (Malus × domestica Borkh) trees on M.26 rootstock planted in 1989, were subjected to a factorial combination of treatments involving two N fertilizations (N1 and N2) and two orchard-floor vegetation-management treatments (V1 and V2), 1990–1995. Single annual, spring-broadcast application of N at 80 kg ha−1 were made at N1, while N2-treatments involved split N applications of either 2 × 100 kg ha−1 (1990–1993) or 3 × 80 kg ha−1 (1994–1995). Herbicide strips (1.5-m width) were maintained free of orchard-floor vegetation year-round (V1) or annually until mid-July (V2). The high N regime (N2) increased leaf and fruit N concentration and decreased fruit P and leaf and fruit K concentrations but had few negative effects on fruit quality, decreasing harvest fruit ground red color in 2 yr and firmness in a single year and titratable acidity of stored fruit in 2 yr. Increased tree yield was measured at N2 only in 1995. Greater vegetation competition in the V2 treatment decreased yield in 1991–1992 and cumulative yield for 1991–1995 but had few effects on leaf and fruit N concentrations. Leaf and fruit K concentrations were generally increased at V2 as was titratable acidity of stored fruit. Fruit from V2 treatments had increased red ground color (2 yr) and increased firmness at harvest (3 yr) or after storage (2 yr) but decreased soluble solids at harvest (2 yr). Fruit was free of disorders and had a high Ca concentration regardless of treatment or year implying Gala apple is a good Ca accumulator. Key words: Malus × domestica, leaf and fruit N, P and K, fruit Ca, yield, fruit firmness
26
Szweda, Roy. "MEJ-LDSD 1993, 1994, 1995." Microelectronics Journal 24, no. 8 (December 1993): 697–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-2692(93)90053-h.
Full text
27
Tang, Zhan-Hui, Aeshita Mukherjee, Lian-Xi Sheng, Min Cao, Bing Liang, Richard T. Corlett, and Shu-Yi Zhang. "Effect of ingestion by two frugivorous bat species on the seed germination of Ficus racemosa and F. hispida (Moraceae)." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 1 (January 2007): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467406003737.
Full textAbstract:
Frugivorous bats are important seed dispersers for many plant species (Cox et al. 1991, Fleming & Heithaus 1981, Hodgkison et al. 2003a, McConkey & Drake 2006, Nyhagen et al. 2005, Utzurrum 1995). They regularly consume figs in the wild (Fujita & Tuttle 1991, Kalko et al. 1996, Shilton et al. 1999). Various species of pteropodid bats have been reported foraging on the fruits of more than 30 fig species in tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa and Australia (Bhat 1994, Fujita & Tuttle 1991, Marshall & McWilliam 1982, Thomas 1984). Food transit times in frugivorous bats are relatively rapid; generally less than 30 min (Laska 1990, Tedman & Hall 1985). Several studies have demonstrated that seed germination was either enhanced or unaffected after passage through the digestive tract of bats (Figueiredo & Perin 1995, Fleming & Heithaus 1981, Lieberman & Lieberman 1986).
28
Rocha, Renata. "Políticas para o audiovisual no Brasil (1985-2002): Estado, cultura e comunicação na transição democrática." PragMATIZES, no. 10 (March 7, 2016): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/pragmatizes2016.10.a10426.
Full textAbstract:
O artigo ora apresentado tem como objetivo discutir as políticas culturais para o audiovisual e as relações entre Estado, comunicação e cultura no período de transição democrática no Brasil, entre os anos de 1985 a 2002, ao longo dos Governos José Sarney (1985-1990), Fernando Collor de Mello (1990-1992), Itamar Franco (1992-1994) e Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002). Considerando as necessárias relações entre os campos da cultura e comunicação e as dificuldades para sua efetiva consecução, enfatiza-se, nesta reflexão, as principais propostas e iniciativas do Governo Federal que envolvem o cinema, as emissoras de televisão dos campos público e privado, bem como as necessárias, e muitas vezes frustradas tentativas de regulamentação para o setor.
29
Brown, MacAlister. "Election Observers in Cambodia, 1998: What Can We Learn?" Government and Opposition 35, no. 1 (January 2000): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1477-7053.00013.
Full textAbstract:
COUNTRIES RIVEN BY INTERNAL CONFLICT HAVE INCREASINGLY SOUGHT to resolve their conf licts and establish stable government by conducting elections, which outside observers can verify as ‘free and fair’. The first highly successful such venture, in Nicaragua 1990, was followed by election operations by the UN in Ethiopia 1992, Angola 1992, El Salvador 1994, Mozambique 1994, South Africa 1994, Haiti 1995, Liberia 1997 and Cambodia 1993 and 1998. The degree of stability and reconciliation achieved by these operations has varied, but the recent election observer effort, in Cambodia (26 July 1998), had a disputed outcome, which raised fundamental questions concerning the efficacy of post-conf lict election monitoring.
30
Rickards, Guy. "Icarus Soaring: the music of John Pickard." Tempo, no. 201 (July 1997): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200005763.
Full textAbstract:
Although John Pickard's music has received a good many performances and radio broadcasts over the past decade, it was the relay of his dazzling orchestral tone poem The Flight of Icarus (1990) during the 1996 Proms1 which brought him to the notice of the wider concert–going and –listening public. There is some justice in that piece attracting such attention, as it is one of his most immediate in impact, while completely representative of his output at large. That output to date encompasses three symphonies (1983–4, 1985–7, 1995–6) and five other orchestral works, three string quartets (1991, 1993, 1994; a fourth in progress), a piano trio (1990), sonatas for piano (1987) and cello and piano (1994–5), vocal and choral works, pieces for orchestral brass (Vortex, 1984–5) and brass band – the exhilarating Wildfire (1991), which crackles, hisses and spits in ferocious near–onomatopoeia, and suite Men of Stone (1995), celebrating four of the most impressive megalithic sites in Britain, one to each season of the year. There are other works for a variety of solo instruments and chamber ensembles, such as the intriguing grouping of flute, clarinet, harpsichord and piano trio in Nocturne in Black and Gold (1983) and the large–scale Serenata Concertante for flute and six instruments of a year later. Still in his mid-thirties – he was born in Burnley in 1963 – Pickard has already made almost all the principal musical forms of the Western Classical tradition his own, with only opera, ballet and the concerto as yet untackled.
31
Sherman, Jaso, Irving Abella, and Harold Troper. "NONE IS TOO MANY." Canadian Theatre Review 93 (December 1997): 42–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.93.008.
Full textAbstract:
Jason Sherman was born in Montreal in 1962, the seventh of eight sons . He graduated from York University’s Creative Writing Program in 1985 and, that same year, founded What Publishing which produced what, a literary magazine which he edited from 1985-1990. While Sherman is probably best known for his rapid achievement of acclaim as a dramatist, his venture with what marks his alternate career as a journalist whose reviews, essays and interviews which have appeared not only in the journal he edited, but in The Globe and Mail, Canadian Theatre Review, Theatrum, among others . In addition, Sherman edited two anthologies for Coach House Press: Canadian Brash (1991) and Solo (1993.) A prolific writer, Sherman’ s League of Nathans was produced by Orange Dog/Theatre Passe Muraille in 1992; Three in the Back, Two ill the Head, a 1994 co-production of Necessary Angel, Tarragon Theatre and the National Art s Centre, was honoured with a Governor General’s Award in 1995. The Retreat was mounted by Tarragon Theatre in 1996. Reading Hebron was produced by Factory Theatre in 1996, and None is Too Many was produced by Winnipeg’s Jewish Theatre and the Manitoba Theatre Centre in 1997. He writes the dramatic series PMO heard monthly on CBC’S Morning side and This Morning. He has been a playwright-in-residence at Tarragon Theatre since 1992.
32
Symon, Peter. "Music and national identity in Scotland: a study of Jock Tamson's Bairns." Popular Music 16, no. 2 (May 1997): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000000374.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of his article reflects what Robert Crawford has called ‘a growing wariness of notions of an essentialist Scotland’ (1994, p. 57). The article has been written partly as a contribution to the critique of ‘essentialist’ notions of national identity in gerneral and ‘Scottishness’ in particular. I share the concern of Stuart Hall (1990; 1995) and others (Massey 1991; Rose 1995) to challenge ideas which reproduce notions of the ‘boundedness’ or ‘purity’ of territorial and national identities; whilst recognising that such identities are, by definition, only likely to change slowly (Therborn 1995). My approach to the analysis of national identity is to try to follow the ‘social construction of reality’ thinking which informs much current writing on the relationships between ethnicity, place and identity (Jackson and Penrose 1993). From that point of view, regarding Scottish national cultural identity in the late twentieth century,
33
Sandven, Per, Lars Bevanger, Asbjørn Digranes, Peter Gaustad, Hanne H. Haukland, and Martin Steinbakk. "Constant Low Rate of Fungemia in Norway, 1991 to 1996." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 12 (1998): 3455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.12.3455-3459.1998.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1991 information on yeast isolates from blood cultures has been recorded prospectively from all microbiological laboratories (5 university and 16 county or local hospital laboratories) in Norway (population, 4.3 million). From 1991 to 1996 a total of 571 episodes of fungemia in 552 patients occurred (1991, 109 episodes; 1992, 81 episodes; 1993, 93 episodes; 1994, 89 episodes; 1995, 98 episodes; and 1996, 101 episodes). The fungemia rates per 10,000 patient days were 0.29 in 1991 and 0.27 in 1996. The average rates for the years 1991 to 1996 were 0.37 for the university laboratories and 0.20 for the other laboratories. These rates are low compared to the rate (0.76) in five Dutch university hospitals in 1995 and the rate (2.0) in Iowa in 1991. The four most frequently isolated species wereCandida albicans (66%), Candida glabrata(12.5%), Candida parapsilosis (7.6%), and Candida tropicalis (6.4%). The incidences of both C. albicans (range, 63 to 73%) and C. glabrata (range, 8.4 to 15.7%) varied somewhat throughout this period, but no significant increase or decrease was noted. MICs of amphotericin B, flucytosine, and fluconazole were determined for 89% of the isolates. All were susceptible to amphotericin B, and only 29 (5.6%) strains had decreased susceptibility to flucytosine. All C. albicansisolates were susceptible to fluconazole. The percentage of yeast isolates with decreased susceptibility to fluconazole (MICs, ≥16 μg/ml) did increase, from 9.6% in 1991 and 1992 to 12.2% in 1994, 16.1% in 1995, and 18.6% in 1996. This was largely due to increases in the percentages of resistant C. glabrata andCandida krusei strains in the last 2 years. Compared to the incidence in other countries, it is remarkable that Norway has such a low and constant incidence of fungemia. A possible reason for this difference might be a restricted antibiotic use policy in Norway.
34
Lambert, Gábor. "A bizonytalanságok kora felértékelheti a kockázatok szétterítését : Interjú Bod Péter Ákossal." Biztosítás és Kockázat 7, no. 3-4 (2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18530/bk.2020.3-4.6.
Full textAbstract:
Bod Péter Ákos a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem egyetemi tanára, a Magyar Tudományos Aka-démia doktora. 1975-ben szerzett közgazdasági diplomát Budapesten, kutatóintézetben dolgozott 1990-ig, mellette itthon és külföldi egyetemen tanított, ENSZ-tanácsadó volt a fejlődő világban. A rendszerváltozás után ipari és kereskedelmi miniszter, 1991 és 1994 között a Magyar Nemzeti Bank elnöke. 1995–1997 között a londoni EBRD igazgatótanácsának tagja, majd visszatért tanári pályájára. Számos szakkönyv, szakmai cikk szerzője, rendszeresen publikál gazdaságpolitikai kérdésekről. Nős, három gyermek apja.
35
Raftery, James, and Andrew Stevens. "Day Case Surgery Trends in England: The Influences of Target Setting and of General Practitioner Fundholding." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 3, no. 3 (July 1998): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135581969800300305.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: To describe the trends in the proportion of elective surgery carried out as day cases, and the impact of the setting of targets and the introduction of general practitioner (GP) fundholding on the use of day surgery. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics for England, 1990/1991 to 1994/1995, comparing procedures for which targets were and were not set, and comparing types of purchaser (GP fundholder and health authority). Results: Elective surgical procedures increased from 2.7 million in 1990/1991 to 3.9 million in 1994/1995, a 44% increase. Increased numbers of day cases (up 117%) accounted for almost all of the increased total activity. The proportion of day cases rose from 35% to 53% over the period. Those procedures for which targets were set (over 25% of elective surgery) had a slightly lower day case proportion in 1990/1991 (34% compared to 36%) but slightly higher by 1994/1995 (57% compared to 52%). GP fundholders generally had slightly lower proportions treated as day cases compared to health authorities. Conclusions: Day cases were additional to, rather than a substitute for, inpatient treatments. Setting day case targets may have been associated with growth in use of day surgery, but there was no association with type of purchaser.
36
Gaudreau, Christiane, and Huguette Gilbert. "Antimicrobial Resistance of Clinical Strains ofCampylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni Isolated from 1985 to 1997 in Quebec, Canada." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 42, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 2106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.42.8.2106.
Full textAbstract:
The antimicrobial resistance of 158 Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans in Quebec, Canada, from 1995 to 1997 was compared to the resistance of 47 and 86 strains of C. jejuni isolated in 1985 and 1986 and in 1992 and 1993, respectively. Of the 291 C. jejuni strains tested, no strain was resistant to erythromycin. Compared to the C. jejuni strains isolated in 1985 and 1986, the C. jejuni strains isolated in 1992 and 1993 were more resistant to tetracycline (40.7 versus 19.1%, respectively; P = 0.01) but not to nalidixic acid or ciprofloxacin (P > 0.05). Compared to the C. jejuni strains isolated in 1992 and 1993 and in 1985 and 1986, the C. jejuni strains isolated from 1995 to 1997 were more resistant to tetracycline (55.7% versus 40.7 and 19.1%, respectively; P = 0.03 andP < 0.001, respectively) to nalidixic acid (13.9% versus 4.7 and 0%, respectively; P = 0.02 andP = 0.007, respectively), and to ciprofloxacin (12.7% versus 3.5 and 0%, respectively; P = 0.02 andP = 0.009, respectively).
37
Vermeij, Geerat J., and Lindsey R. Leighton. "Does global diversity mean anything?" Paleobiology 29, no. 1 (2003): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/0094-8373(2003)029<0003:dgdma>2.0.co;2.
Full textAbstract:
A major goal of paleobiological research since the early 1960s has been the reconstruction in quantitative terms of the history of biological diversity. Spearheaded by Valentine (1969), Raup (1972, 1976a, b), and Sepkoski (1979, 1981, 1984, 1990, 1993), this effort has yielded estimates of global diversity through time, as well as calculations of global rates and magnitudes of extinction and diversification. A consensus emerging in the early 1980s (Sepkoski et al. 1981) indicated that global marine invertebrate diversity rose through the Cambrian and Ordovician periods to a plateau, which with brief extinction-related interruptions was maintained from the mid-Paleozoic to the mid-Mesozoic. Beginning in the Cretaceous, diversity rose again, reaching a peak in the late Neogene. The five mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic, and more or less distinct episodes of diversification, were identified and distinguished from many lesser events (Raup and Sepkoski 1982). Comparable studies, with varying results, were conducted on land vertebrates (Benton 1985, 1989), land plants (Knoll et al. 1979; Niklas et al. 1980, 1983; Tiffney 1981; Knoll 1984), early protistans (Knoll 1994), insects (Labandeira and Sepkoski 1993), and life as a whole (Van Valen 1984, 1985; Van Valen and Maiorana 1985; Signor 1990; Valentine et al. 1991; Benton 1995; Courtillot and Gaudemer 1996; Miller and Foote 1996).
38
Al-Wahaibi, Yahya Mansoor, Ann Helen Muggeridge, and Carlos Atilio Grattoni. "Experimental and Numerical Studies of Gas/Oil Multicontact Miscible Displacements in Homogeneous and Crossbedded Porous Media." SPE Journal 12, no. 01 (March 1, 2007): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/92887-pa.
Full textAbstract:
Summary We investigate oil recovery from multicontact miscible (MCM) gas injection into homogeneous and crossbedded porous media, using a combination of well-characterized laboratory experiments and detailed compositional flow simulation. All simulator input data, including most EOS parameters, were determined experimentally or from the literature produced fluids in all experiments were found not to be in compositional equilibrium. This was not predicted by the simulator, giving a poor match between experimental and simulated oil recoveries. The match was significantly improved for the cross-bedded displacements by using alpha factors derived from the MCM displacements in the homogeneous pack. Introduction The recovery of oil by miscible gas injection has been a subject of interest and research in petroleum engineering for more than 40 years (Stalkup 1983). In a first-contact, miscible (FCM) displacement, the gas and oil mix instantly in all proportions. No capillary forces exist, so, in principle, residual oil saturation is zero, and 100% oil recovery should be achieved. In practice, many phenomena conspire to limit the efficiency of the miscible flooding process, including viscous fingering, gravity override, and permeability heterogeneity. Moreover, it is often not economical, and sometimes not technically feasible, to inject a gas that is first-contact miscible with the oil. Instead, the injected gas is designed to develop miscibility with the oil by mass transfer during the displacement. This is a so-called MCM gas injection. If the bulk of the mass transfer is from the gas to the oil, then the displacement is termed a condensing drive. If most of the mass transfer is from the oil to the gas, then it is termed a vaporizing drive. In most cases, however, because of the multicomponent nature of oil and gas, the mass transfer is actually a mixture of both these cases, and the displacement is termed a condensing-vaporizing drive. Small-scale heterogeneities can have a significant impact on recovery efficiency (Jones et al. 1995; Jones et al. 1994; Kjonsvik et al. 1994), yet they cannot be modeled explicitly in field-scale simulations. Some of the most common small-scale heterogeneities found in sandstone reservoirs are laminations. However, because laminations have a small size and are generally at an angle to the principal flow direction, their influence onfluid flow is one of the most difficult features to predict numerically. There is a significant amount of literature describing systematic investigations of first-contact miscible and immiscible displacement processes in laminated sandstones (Huang et al. 1995, 1996; Ringrose et al. 1993; Kortekaas 1985; Honarpour et al. 1994; Hartkamp-Bakker 1991, 1993; McDougall and Sorbie 1993; Marcelle-DeSilva and Dawe 2003; Borresen and Graue 1996; Roti and Dawe 1993; Dawe et al. 1992; Caruana and Dawe 1996; Caruana 1997). Both experimental and simulation studies show that significant volumes of oil can be trapped by capillary forces during immiscible displacements (Huang et al. 1995, 1996; Ringrose et al. 1993; Kortekaas 1985; Honarpour et al. 1994; Hartkamp-Bakker 1991, 1993; McDougall and Sorbie 1993; Marcelle-DeSilva and Dawe 2003; Borresen and Graue 1996; Roti and Dawe 1993; Dawe et al. 1992; Caruana and Dawe 1996; Caruana 1997). However, the influence of these heterogeneities on MCM displacements, during which capillary forces change from being very significant when gas is first injected to negligible once miscibility has developed, has not yet been investigated. Indeed, the only comparisons of well-characterized MCM displacement experiments and detailed simulations reported in anywhere in the literature are those of Burger and colleagues (Burger and Mohanty 1997; Burger et al. 1996; Burger et al. 1994).
39
Krebs, John W., Tara W. Strine, Jean S. Smith, Donald L. Noah, Charles E. Rupprecht, and James E. Childs. "Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1995." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 209, no. 12 (December 15, 1996): 2031–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1996.209.12.2031.
Full textAbstract:
Summary In 1995, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 7,877 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 4 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nearly 92% (7,247 cases) were wild animals, whereas 8% (630 cases) were domestic species. The total number of reported cases decreased 4.2% from that of 1994 (8,230 cases). Most of the decline was the result of 17.1% fewer reported cases of rabies in raccoons in areas of the Northeast, where rabies is now enzootic rather than epizootic. Exceptions to this decline were detected in states where the virus has only recently entered raccoon populations or where ongoing epizootics persist. States experiencing increasing epizootic activity associated with this variant include Maine (3 cases in 1993 to 101 cases in 1995), North Carolina (9 cases in 1990 to 466 cases in 1995), Rhode Island (1 case in 1993 to 324 cases in 1995), and Vermont (45 cases in 1993 to 179 cases in 1995). The raccoon variant of the rabies virus is now present in Alabama, Pennsylvania, Vermont, West Virginia, and all Atlantic Seaboard states from Florida to Maine. In Ohio, this variant, last detected in 1992 as a single case, was again detected in 1996. Epizootics of rabies in foxes in west central Texas and in dogs and coyotes in southern Texas attributable to canine variants continue, with this state reporting 137 rabid foxes, 55 rabid dogs, and 80 of the 83 cases in coyotes during 1995. The number of rabid bats (787) increased by almost 25%, with cases reported by 47 of the 48 contiguous states. Nationally, reported cases of rabies in cattle (136) and cats (288) increased by 22.5 and 7.9%, respectively, whereas cases in dogs (146) decreased by 4.6%. Cats continued to be the domestic animal most frequently reported rabid. The cases of rabies reported in human beings were all caused by viral variants associated with bats. Eighteen states and Puerto Rico reported decreases in rabies in animals in 1995, compared with 28 states and the District of Columbia in 1994. Hawaii was the only state that did not report a case of rabies in 1995.
40
SÁNCHEZ, SOPHIA M., LIAT Y. GOLDSTEIN, and NORMAN O. DRONEN. "Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum Cobbold, 1858 (Diphyllobothriidea) from common bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu) from the Texas Gulf coast, USA." Zootaxa 4379, no. 3 (February 15, 2018): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4379.3.11.
Full textAbstract:
Cobbold (1858) established Diphyllobothrium Cobbold, 1858 with the description of Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum Cobbold, 1858 from the common harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena (Linnaeus) (Phocoenidae), from the North Sea off Scotland. Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum typically has been reported from a number of Phocoenidae and Delphinidae hosts from a variety of localities: common harbor porpoise from the northern Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea and Black sea (e.g. Cobbold, 1858; Delyamure 1955; Delyamure 1968; Delyamure 1971; Delyamure et al. 1985; Anderson, 1987); bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus (Montagu), from the Gulf of Mexico (Ward & Collins 1959), the Black sea (Delyamure et al. 1985); common harbor porpoise off Newfoundland (Brattey & Stenson 1995), the Black Sea (Krivokhizin & Birkun 1994 [see Yera et al. 2008]), off Denmark (Herreras et al. 1997); long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas [Traill], North Atlantic off Faroe Island (Balbuena & Raga 1993); Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus [Gray], off Massachusetts (Olson & Caira 1999).
41
Ahn, Sang-Cheol. "Constraints in Verbal Compounding." Korean Linguistics 9 (January 1, 1998): 39–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.9.02sca.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is two fold. First, I will examine the internal structure of the N-V-i construction, in terms of the constraints on argument linking. I will incorporate the major concepts in current morphological studies (Sproat 1985, Di Sciullo &1 Williams 1987, and Grimshaw 1990). As for the related issues in Korean, I will reexamine the earlier studies of Ahn (1985), Sohn (1987), H.-Y. Kim (1990), Yu-Cho (1994), and Shi (1993, 1995). Then, I will provide a new categorization of compounds in terms of morpho-lexical and semantic consideration. I will test this categorization phonologically. Second, I will examine several constraints on the selection of a proper nominalizing suffixal form. For this part, I will employ the framework of the Optimality Theory by Prince & Smolensky (1993) and McCarthy & Prince (1993, 1994). Here I will propose five major constraints and their dominance hierarchy and show how these constraints and the dominance relation can account for the optimal selection of the surface form.
42
Chapelle, Carol A. "Call–English as a Second Language." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 16 (March 1996): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500001483.
Full textAbstract:
CALL for English as a second language1 is an interdisciplinary area of inquiry which has been influenced primarily by educational technology (Reiser, 1987) but also by fields such as computational linguistics2 and recently by applied linguistics as well. These related fields contribute diverse epistemologies which shape CALL research questions and methods. The diversity in CALL research can also be explained in party be the current variety of approaches to CALL development and use. Through the 1970s and early 1980s, pedagogical objectives in CALL were focused primarily, although not exclusively, on improving specified areas of learner's grammatical knowledge through approaches borrowed from educational technology (Hart 1981, Hope, Taylor and Pusack 1984, Wyatt 1984). Today, in contrast, CALL is used for a variety of pedagogical objectives through many different types of software such as microworlds (Coleman 1985, Papert 1980), grammar checkers (Hull, Ball, Fox, Levin and McCutchen 1987), pronunciation feedback systems (Anderson-Hseih 1994, Pennington 1991), intelligent tutoring systems (Chanier, Pengelly, Twidale and Self 1992), concordancer programs (Johns 1986, Tribble and Jones 1990), word processing (Pennington 1993), and software for computer-mediated communication (Kaye 1992). These diverse approaches to CALL are predicated on different beliefs about teaching and learning (Higgins 1995, Kenning and Kenning 1990, Sanders and Kenner 1983, Stevens 1992). Rather than reviewing these “CALL philosophies,” this article will focus on the evolution of research traditions dedicated to the empirical study of CALL use for ESL. Accordingly, the term CALL research is employed to refer to empirical research on the use of CALL.
43
PLOWMAN, JEFFREY E., LAWRENCE K. CREAMER, MARK H. SMITH, and JEREMY P. HILL. "Restrained molecular dynamics investigation of the differences in association of chymosin to κ-caseins A and C." Journal of Dairy Research 64, no. 2 (May 1997): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029996002117.
Full textAbstract:
There is considerable interest in the relationship between milk protein polymorphism and cheesemaking properties of milk (e.g. Jakob & Puhan, 1992, 1995; Jakob, 1993). For example, the B variant of κ-casein is associated with firmer cheese curds, shorter renneting times, a smaller average micelle size, higher milk casein and κ-casein concentrations and lower whey protein concentrations (Jakob, 1994; Horne et al. 1995).
44
Przychodzeń, Wojciech. "Identyfikacja nieciągłości dynamiki PKB za pomocą analizy falkowej." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 2011, no. 7-8 (July 28, 2011): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ws.2011.07-08.2.
Full textAbstract:
A comprehensive analysis is important for economic politics. The wavelet analysis has been used to detect discontinuities in analyzed GDP dynamic, where they are non-detectable by other signal analysis tools or invisible. This made possible to distinguish discrete moments of economic dynamic changes. To the most significant change moments in Polish economy belong: fourth quarters 1990 and 1991, the turn of the years 1993–1994, the second half-year 1995, first and fourth quarters 1996, the second quarter 2004, second and fourth quarters 2008.
45
Shah, Ajit. "Old age psychiatry and geriatric medicine admissions and elderly suicide rates in England." International Psychogeriatrics 22, no. 3 (January 28, 2010): 502–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610209991700.
Full textAbstract:
Almost all elderly suicide victims have mental illness, and up to 90% have depression (Shah and De, 1998). A significant number of elderly suicide victims in Western countries consult their general practitioner or psychiatrist or contact mental health services between one week and six months prior to the suicide (Catell, 1988; Conwell et al., 1990; 1991; Catell and Jolley, 1995; Vassilas and Morgan, 1993; 1994). This offers an opportunity for identification and treatment of the mental illness. Thus, the availability of appropriate healthcare services may be an important factor associated with elderly suicide rates.
46
Finkel, Sanford I. "Research Directions for Treatment of Depression." International Psychogeriatrics 7, S1 (October 1995): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610295002419.
Full textAbstract:
Late-life depression is an immense public health problem for which research on treatment interventions is very much needed. Between 1950 and 1990, average longevity worldwide increased from 46.6 years to 64.7 years (United Nations, 1993). With this surge in the elderly population has come an increased prevalence of late-life depression and its sometimes severe consequences. Older people with depressive symptoms have a threefold increase in mortality (Ashby et al., 1991). As many as 15% to 25% of nursing home residents in the United States have major depression (NIH Consensus Development Panel, 1992), and between 50% and 80% of elderly people who commit suicide have major depression (Clark, 1991; Conwell et al., 1991; Finkel & Rosman, 1995).
47
Ding, L. K., M. Nishizawa, T. Sasaki, Y. H. Tan, Y. Yamamoto, and T. Yuda. "Time Variation of the Global Solar Magnetic Field Inferred from the Sun's Shadow as Seen in 10 TeV Cosmic Rays." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 185 (1998): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900239223.
Full textAbstract:
Air shower arrays with high counting rates at high altitude provide a unique means for the study of the time dependence of the Sun's shadow as seen in cosmic rays (Amenomori et al. 1992). With the Tibet-I array, operated from 1990 to 1993 at Yangbajing (4300m), we detected for the first time the influence of the solar and interplanetary magnetic fields (IMF) on the Sun's shadow. In this experiment the Sun's shadow seen by 10 TeV cosmic rays was found at a position 0.°7 away from the position of the Sun. This large displacement is considered to be caused by IMF which changed considerably in 1990-1993, near maximum, and during the declining phase of solar activity (cycle 22). A new Tibet-II array, enlarged in 1994, with a seven times larger effective area than the Tibet-I, has been operating since 1995 and allows us to observe the Sun's shadow every 3-4 months. The solar activity, being in the most quiet phase now in 1995-1997, will return to more active phase in 1998. Here, we present some results obtained in 1996 with Tibet-II array.
48
KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 71, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 107–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002619.
Full textAbstract:
-Peter Hulme, Polly Pattullo, Last resorts: The cost of tourism in the Caribbean. London: Cassell/Latin America Bureau and Kingston: Ian Randle, 1996. xiii + 220 pp.-Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Édouard Glissant, Introduction à une poétique du Divers. Montréal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1995. 106 pp.-Bruce King, Tejumola Olaniyan, Scars of conquest / Masks of resistance: The invention of cultural identities in African, African-American, and Caribbean drama. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. xii + 196 pp.-Sidney W. Mintz, Raymond T. Smith, The Matrifocal family: Power, pluralism and politics. New York: Routledge, 1996. x + 236 pp.-Raymond T. Smith, Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Silencing the past: Power and the production of history. Boston: Beacon, 1995. xix + 191 pp.-Michiel Baud, Samuel Martínez, Peripheral migrants: Haitians and Dominican Republic sugar plantations. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1995. xxi + 228 pp.-Samuel Martínez, Michiel Baud, Peasants and Tobacco in the Dominican Republic, 1870-1930. Knoxville; University of Tennessee Press, 1995. x + 326 pp.-Robert C. Paquette, Aline Helg, Our rightful share: The Afro-Cuban struggle for equality, 1886-1912. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. xii + 361 pp.-Daniel C. Littlefield, Roderick A. McDonald, The economy and material culture of slaves: Goods and Chattels on the sugar plantations of Jamaica and Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1993. xiv + 339 pp.-Jorge L. Chinea, Luis M. Díaz Soler, Puerto Rico: desde sus orígenes hasta el cese de la dominación española. Río Piedras: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1994. xix + 758 pp.-David Buisseret, Edward E. Crain, Historic architecture in the Caribbean Islands. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1994. ix + 256 pp.-Hilary McD. Beckles, Mavis C. Campbell, Back to Africa. George Ross and the Maroons: From Nova Scotia to Sierra Leone. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1993. xxv + 115 pp.-Sandra Burr, Gretchen Gerzina, Black London: Life before emancipation. New Brunswick NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1995. xii + 244 pp.-Carlene J. Edie, Trevor Munroe, The cold war and the Jamaican Left 1950-1955: Reopening the files. Kingston: Kingston Publishers, 1992. xii + 242 pp.-Carlene J. Edie, David Panton, Jamaica's Michael Manley: The great transformation (1972-92). Kingston: Kingston Publishers, 1993. xx + 225 pp.-Percy C. Hintzen, Cary Fraser, Ambivalent anti-colonialism: The United States and the genesis of West Indian independence, 1940-1964. Westport CT: Greenwood, 1994. vii + 233 pp.-Anthony J. Payne, Carlene J. Edie, Democracy in the Caribbean: Myths and realities. Westport CT: Praeger, 1994. xvi + 296 pp.-Alma H. Young, Jean Grugel, Politics and development in the Caribbean basin: Central America and the Caribbean in the New World Order. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1995. xii + 270 pp.-Alma H. Young, Douglas G. Lockhart ,The development process in small island states. London: Routledge, 1993. xv + 275 pp., David Drakakis-Smith, John Schembri (eds)-Virginia Heyer Young, José Solis, Public school reform in Puerto Rico: Sustaining colonial models of development. Westport CT: Greenwood Press, 1994. x + 171 pp.-Carolyn Cooper, Christian Habekost, Verbal Riddim: The politics and aesthetics of African-Caribbean Dub poetry. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1993. vii + 262 pp.-Clarisse Zimra, Jaqueline Leiner, Aimé Césaire: Le terreau primordial. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1993. 175 pp.-Clarisse Zimra, Abiola Írélé, Aimé Césaire: Cahier d'un retour au pays natal. With introduction, commentary and notes. Abiola Írélé. Ibadan: New Horn Press, 1994. 158 pp.-Alvina Ruprecht, Stella Algoo-Baksh, Austin C. Clarke: A biography. Barbados: The Press - University of the West Indies; Toronto: ECW Press, 1994. 234 pp.-Sue N. Greene, Glyne A. Griffith, Deconstruction, imperialism and the West Indian novel. Kingston: The Press - University of the West Indies, 1996. xxiii + 147 pp.-Donald R. Hill, Peter Manuel ,Caribbean currents: Caribbean music from Rumba to Reggae. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995. xi + 272 pp., Kenneth Bilby, Michael Largey (eds)-Daniel J. Crowley, Judith Bettelheim, Cuban festivals: An illustrated anthology. New York: Garland Publishing, 1993. x + 261 pp.-Judith Bettelheim, Ramón Marín, Las fiestas populares de Ponce. San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1994. 277 pp.-Marijke Koning, Eric O. Ayisi, St. Eustatius: The treasure island of the Caribbean. Trenton NJ: Africa World Press, 1992. xviii + 224 pp.-Peter L. Patrick, Marcyliena Morgan, Language & the social construction of identity in Creole situations. Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American studies, UCLA, 1994. vii + 158 pp.-John McWhorter, Tonjes Veenstra, Serial verbs in Saramaccan: Predication and Creole genesis. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphic, 1996. x + 217 pp.-John McWhorter, Jacques Arends, The early stages of creolization. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1995. xv + 297 pp.
49
Hirsch, Galia. "Between irony and humor." Pragmatics and Cognition 19, no. 3 (October 19, 2011): 530–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.19.3.07hir.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of this paper is to propose a model that distinguishes between irony and humor in the context of literary texts. The comparative model was constructed based on existing models, and elaborated on them, substantiating the model through textual analysis focusing on cues for irony (Clark and Gerrig 1984; Grice 1975, 1978; Haverkate 1990; Sperber and Wilson 1981; Wilson and Sperber 1992;) and cues for humor (Alexander 1997; Jeffers 1995; Oring 1989; Raskin and Attardo 1994). The research was based on four conceptual paradigms: pragmatic studies of irony, pragmatic studies of humor, a pragmatic approach to the study of literary texts, and theories of text interpretation. The textual analysis was based on an existing model for the interpretation of indirect speaker’s meanings (Dascal and Weizman 1987; Weizman and Dascal 1991; 2005), and on the concepts “cues” and “clues” as employed in that model.
50
Shirani, Afsaneh, Yinshan Zhao, Elaine Kingwell, Peter Rieckmann, and Helen Tremlett. "Temporal trends of disability progression in multiple sclerosis: findings from British Columbia, Canada (1975–2009)." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 18, no. 4 (September 27, 2011): 442–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458511422097.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Recent natural history studies suggest that multiple sclerosis (MS) is a more slowly progressing disease than previously thought. These observations are from studies separated by time, geography and methodological approach. Objectives: We investigated whether MS disease progression has changed over time in British Columbia, Canada. Methods: The British Columbia MS database was queried for relapsing-onset MS patients with symptom onset from 1975 to <1995, first assessed within 15 years from onset and with at least two Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores. Latest follow-up was to 2009. Patients were grouped by 5-year onset intervals (1975 to <1980, 1980 to <1985, 1985 to <1990, 1990 to <1995). Outcome was defined as time to reach sustained and confirmed EDSS 6 within 15 years of disease duration. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to compare: the proportion of patients reaching EDSS 6 (primary analysis) and the time to EDSS 6 (secondary analysis) across the time-period groups. Results: A total of 2236 relapsing-onset MS patients (73.4% female; mean age at onset: 32.3 ± 8.8 years) were included. No significant temporal trend was found in the proportion of patients reaching EDSS 6 within 15 years from onset (28.5%, 26.4%, 27.7%, 22.3% for intervals 1975 to <1980, 1980 to <1985, 1985 to <1990, 1990 to <1995, respectively; p = 0.09) or in survival curves for time to reach the outcome ( p = 0.14). Conclusions: Rates of disease progression remained relatively stable over two decades of MS onset in British Columbia, Canada. Our results suggest that differences in disease progression findings between natural history studies may be related to factors other than time period.