Relevant bibliographies by topics / 1991)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic '1991)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "1991)"

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Nigrelli, Guido, and Marta Chiarle. "1991–2020 climate normal in the European Alps: focus on high-elevation environments." Journal of Mountain Science 20, no. 8 (August 2023): 2149–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-023-7951-7.

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AbstractAlps are an important geographical area of the European continent and, in this area, temperature increase is most evident. However, the 1991–2020 climate normal in the Alps has still not been thoroughly investigated. Aiming to fill this gap with a focus on high-elevation environments, minimum and maximum daily air temperature acquired by 23 automatic weather station were used. The results show that the mean annual values of minimum and maximum temperature for the 1991–2020 climate normal in the Alps are −2.4°C and 4.4°C, respectively, with a warming rate of 0.5°C/10 years. The mean annual temperature comparison between 1961–1990 and 1971–2000, 1961–1990 and 1981–2010, 1961–1990 and 1991–2020 climate normal show an increase of 0.3°C, 0.5°C and 0.9°C, respectively. The results also confirm that seasonal and annual temperatures are rising through the whole Alpine arc, mainly in summer and autumn. This work highlights that annual minimum and maximum temperature do not seem to be affected by a positive elevation-dependent warming. Instead, a positive elevation-dependent warming in the maximum values of the annual minimum temperature was found. If anthropogenic emissions maintain the trend of the last decades, the expected mean annual temperature of the 2001–2030 climate normal is −0.2°C, with an increase of 0.5°C if compared to the 1991–2020 climate normal and with an increase of 1.5°C if compared to the 1961–1990 climate normal. This study highlights the warming rate that is now present in the European Alps, provides indications on the warming rate that will occur in the coming years and highlights the importance of carrying out investigations that consider not only the last 30-year climate normal, but also the most recent 30-year climate normal by comparing them with each other.
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Machens, Andreas, Kerstin Lorenz, Carsten Sekulla, Wolfgang Höppner, Karin Frank-Raue, Friedhelm Raue, and Henning Dralle. "Molecular epidemiology of multiple endocrine neoplasia 2: implications for RET screening in the new millenium." European Journal of Endocrinology 168, no. 3 (March 2013): 307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-12-0919.

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ObjectiveTwenty years ago, the groundbreaking discovery that rearranged during transfection (RET) mutations underlie multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 (MEN2) and familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC) ushered in the era of personalized medicine. MEN2-associated signs, taking time to manifest, can be subtle. This study sought to clarify to what extent conventional estimates of 1:200 000–500 000 underestimate the incidence of RET mutations in the population.DesignIncluded in this retrospective investigation were 333 RET carriers born between 1951 and 2000 and operated on at the largest German surgical referral center (286 carriers) or elsewhere (47 carriers).MethodsTo estimate the incidence of RET mutations, the number of RET carriers born in Germany in five decades (1951–1960, 1961–1970, 1971–1980, 1981–1990, and 1991–2000) was divided by the corresponding number of German live births.ResultsOwing to improved diagnosis and capture of FMTC and MEN2 patients, minimum incidence estimates increased over time: overall from 5.0 (1951–1960) to 9.9 (1991–2000) per million live births and year (P=0.008), and by American Thyroid Association/ATA class from 1.7 to 3.7 for ATA class C (P=0.008); from 1.8 to 2.7 for ATA class A (P=0.017); from 1.5 to 2.2 for ATA class B (P=0.20); and from 0 to 1.4 for ATA class D mutations per million live births and year (P=0.008). Based on 1991–2000 incidence estimates the prevalence in Germany is ∼1:80 000 inhabitants.ConclusionsThe molecular minimum incidence estimate of ≈1:100 000 was two- to fivefold greater than conventional estimates of 1:200 000–500 000.
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Kalvane, Gunta, Andis Kalvans, and Agrita Briede. "Shifts of the air temperature in Latvia from 1991 to 2020." Folia Geographica XIX (December 21, 2021): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/fg.19.11.

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Evidence of the climate changes are evident in all regions of the world. In this study we examine the air temperature variability in Latvia during the last climate normal (1991-2020) in comparison with the previous two climate normals (1971-2000; 1981-2010), as well reference period (1961.-1990) describing seasonal and regional changes. Over last 60-years (1961-2020), the annual mean temperature has increased by 1.2°C across Latvia, with largest increase (0.5°C) between the last two climate normals (1991-2020 and 1981-2010). Across Latvia, winter temperatures have risen more rapidly by around 2°C, while summer temperatures have risen by around 1°C. The study revealed a shift in climate types: in the western part of the country near Baltic Sea coast, climate zones have changed from boreal (Dfb zone) to temperate (Cfb zone) according to the classification of W. Koppen. In these areas, the coldest month (January or February) has an average air temperature above -3°C. The values of the continentality indices have also changed, with a decrease in the influence of the continentality effect, that is particularly strong in the eastern part of Latvia.
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Wanderley, Henderson S., Gilberto C. Sediyama, Flávio B. Justino, Leonidas P. de Alencar, and Rafael C. Delgado. "Variabilidade da precipitação no Sertão do São Francisco, estado de Alagoas." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 17, no. 7 (July 2013): 790–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-43662013000700014.

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Foram estudadas, neste trabalho, a homogeneidade e a existência de tendências na distribuição temporal da precipitação para a microrregião do Sertão do São Francisco, no estado de Alagoas. Os totais médios mensais de precipitação utilizados foram divididos em três períodos climatológicos: 1931-1960,1961-1990 e 1991-2011. Para essas séries temporais foram aplicados os testes estatísticos de Pettitt-Mann-Kendal e a regressão linear com o teste de Student para o coeficiente angular da reta, respectivamente, para identificar a homogeneidade e a tendência nas séries de precipitação. A distribuição temporal da precipitação para os períodos de 1931-1960 e 1961-1990 não apresentou mudanças nem tendência, as quais foram detectadas para o período de 1991-2011, com tendência significativa de aumento da precipitação em sete meses.
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Fracasso, Michael A. "Amphibia: Disparity and Diversification of Early Tetrapods." Short Courses in Paleontology 7 (1994): 108–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000001288.

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Fossils conventionally classified as amphibians comprise a diverse, paraphyletic assemblage of roughly 15 distinctive lineages (=clades; Figure 1) of non–amniote tetrapods whose phylogenetic interrelationships continue to defy resolution (Carroll, 1992; Figure 2). The historical accumulation of morphological data, new paleontological discoveries, better understanding of characters and transformation series, and refinement of rigorous cladistic analytical methodology have stimulated a resurgence of interest in the phylogenetics of early tetrapods (Bolt, 1991; Bolt and Lombard, 1991; Clack, 1988, 1991; Duellman, 1988; Gauthier et al., 1988b; Lombard and Bolt, 1988; Milner, 1988, 1990, 1993; Panchen, 1991; Panchen and Smithson, 1987, 1988; Smithson, 1985; Trueb and Cloutier, 1991a, 1991b). However, most investigations have done little more than substantiate the distinctiveness of the major non–amniote tetrapod clades and clarify within–clade relationships. Differences in parsimony between alternative phylogenies proposed for the early lineages are generally too minor to consider any as strongly corroborated (Carroll, 1990, 1992; e.g. Panchen and Smithson, 1988).
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Minov, Nikola Kosto. "The Vlachs in Macedonia in the 19th and 20th centuries." Balcanica Posnaniensia. Acta et studia 28, no. 1 (September 7, 2021): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/bp.2021.28.10.

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The article summarizes the known data about the localization and numerical distribution of various Vlach groups in Macedonia in the 19th and 20th centuries. Each Vlach group’s (Moscopolitan; Grammoustian; Farsherot and Moglenite Vlachs) migrations are analyzed separately, following them from their starting points from which they ventured forth and dispersed all over Ottoman Macedonia at the end of the 18th century, all the way to their dwellings in late 20th century in North Macedonia. In the second part of the article we review the thorough, yet unofficial statistics of Gustav Weigand and Vasil Kanchov about the number of Vlachs in Ottoman Macedonia, as well as the number and territorial distribution of the Vlachs in Macedonia, as shown in the 1921 census in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the Yugoslav census from 1931, the six censuses conducted in socialist Yugoslavia in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981 and 1991, and the two censuses in the Republic of Macedonia from 1994 and 2002.
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Kayano, Mary T., Wilmar L. Cerón, Rita V. Andreoli, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, Marília H. Shimizu, Leonardo C. M. Jimenez, and Itamara P. Souza. "Intercomparisons of Three Gauge-Based Precipitation Datasets over South America during the 1901–2015 Period." Meteorology 3, no. 2 (April 28, 2024): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/meteorology3020009.

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Gridded precipitation (PRP) data have been largely used in diagnostic studies on the climate variability in several time scales, as well as to validate model results. The three most used gauge-based PRP datasets are from the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC), University of Delaware (UDEL), and Climate Research Unit (CRU). This paper evaluates the performance of these datasets in reproducing spatiotemporal PRP climatological features over the entire South America (SA) for the 1901–2015 period, aiming to identify the differences and similarities among the datasets as well as time intervals and areas with potential uncertainties involved with these datasets. Comparisons of the PRP annual means and variances between the 1901–2015 period and the non-overlapping 30-year subperiods of 1901–1930, 1931–1960, 1961–1990, and the 25-year subperiod of 1991–2015 for each dataset show varying means of the annual PRP over SA depending on the subperiod and dataset. Consistent patterns among datasets are found in most of southeastern SA and southeastern Brazil, where they evolved gradually from less to more rainy conditions from 1901–1930 to the 1991–2015 subperiod. All three datasets present limitations and uncertainties in regions with poor coverage of gauge stations, where the differences among datasets are more pronounced. In particular, the GPCC presents reduced PRP variability in an extensive area west of 50° W and north of 20° S during the 1901–1930 subperiod. In monthly time scale, PRP time series in two areas show differences among the datasets for periods before 1941, which are likely due to spurious or missing data: central Bolivia (CBO), and central Brazil (CBR). The GPCC has less monthly variability before 1940 than the other two datasets in these two areas, and UDEL presents reduced monthly variability before 1940 and spurious monthly values from May to September of the years from 1929 to 1941 in CBO. Thus, studies with these three datasets might lead to different results depending on the study domain and period of analysis, in particular for those including years before 1941. The results here might be relevant for future diagnostic and modelling studies on climate variability from interannual to multidecadal time scales.
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BĂDĂLUȚĂ, Carmen Andreea, Aritina HALIUC, Gheorghe BĂDĂLUȚĂ, and Ramona Elena SCRIBAN. "SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF DROUGHT IN ROMANIA DURING 1901-2021 USING THE STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION EVAPOTRANSPIRATION INDEX (SPEI)." Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Seria Geografie 33, no. 1 (June 28, 2024): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/auog.34103-910.

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Drought represents one of the most frequent climatic events with impact on the environment, economy and society. In this study, we analyse the drought characteristics in Romania during the period 1901-2021, using a meteorological drought index: the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). To provide a clear image over time, we have divided the data into four time periods: 1901 – 1930, 1931 – 1960, 1960 – 1990, and 1991-2021. The results indicate that the period between 1901 to 1930 is characterized by moderate droughts, in contrast to the period between 1991-2021 when extreme droughts prevailed. Also, the SPEI3's spatial analysis indicates that Romania's eastern and southeastern parts are becoming drier. This study provides a clear image of climate change and indicates that the extreme drought events affected Romania in the previous decade.
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Ustjuzhanin, P. Ya, V. N. Kovtunovich, R. V. Yakovlev, and A. N. Streltzov. "Materials on the Lepidoptera fauna of “Ecoportal de Piedra” National Park (Jujuy Province, North-Western Argentina). Part I. Pterophoridae (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae)." SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología 49, no. 195 (September 30, 2021): 435–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.57065/shilap.282.

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Basing on the materials from Russian entomological expedition to Jujuy Province, North-Western Argentina, the participants of which were working in Ecoportal de Piedra National Park, 22 Pterophoridae species have been revealed, two of which, Emmelina doroshkini Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. n. and E. reshetnikovi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. n., turned to be new to Science. Six more species, Bipunctiphorus nigroapicalis (Landry & Gielis, 1992), Stenoptilodes brevipennis (Zeller, 1874), S. taprobanes (Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875), Lioptilodes cuzcoicus Gielis, 1996, Adaina zephyria Barnes & Lindsey, 1921, and Hellinsia mauleicus (Gielis, 1991) have been indicated for Argentina for the first time, and eleven more species, Postplatyptilia flinti Gielis, 1991, Stenoptilodes sematodactyla (Berg, 1885), Lioptilodes aguilaicus Gielis, 1991, Oidaematophorus pseudotrachyphloeus Gielis, 2011, Singularia carabayus (Arenberger, 1990), Hellinsia angulofuscus (Gielis, 1991), H. chalupi Gielis, 2013, H. grandaevus (Meyrick, 1931), and H. tacanasensis Gielis, 2013 have been indicated for Jujuy Province for the first time. One species of the genus Singularia has not been identified on a unique female.
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Doré, Gérald. "L’organisation communautaire et les mutations dans les services sociaux au Québec, 1961 – 1991. La marge et le mouvement comme lieux de l’identité." Service social 41, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 131–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/706573ar.

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L'auteur traite de l'émergence et de l'évolution de l'organisation communautaire, dans le Québec francophone, dans son rapport aux mutations dans les services sociaux. Il cherche d'abord à la saisir dans l'expérience fondatrice où elle a acquis sa consistance identitaire, soit entre 1961 et 1970, dans les dix années qui ont précédé la première réforme, à la marge à la fois du système de services sociaux privés sous tutelle ecclésiastique et de la profession du service social en conquête de statut. Il suit ensuite son développement, de 1971 à 1990, dans les vingt années donc de la première réforme, en abordant celui-ci sous l'angle du dépassement de la dualité réseau / hors réseau pour la période 1971-1980 et sous l'angle de la persévérance de l'identité face à l'« approche communautaire » et au « néo-bénévolat » dans la période 1981-1990. Il tente en conclusion d'en cerner brièvement les perspectives de ressourcement dans le contexte de la réforme de 1991.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1991)"

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College, of Law University of Arizona. "Law Catalog, 1991-1994." College of Law, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612034.

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Library, University of Arizona, and Shelley E. Phipps. "Annual Report, 1991/1992." University of Arizona Library (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/124802.

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Library, University of Arizona, and Shelley E. Phipps. "Annual Report, 1990/1991." University of Arizona Library (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/124866.

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Arizona, University of. "1991-1993 Graduate Catalog." University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296909.

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Kern, Stephen F. (Stephen Francis). "Equity REIT IPOs, 1991-1993." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67421.

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Butler, Marvin. "Broccoli Variety Trials 1990/1991." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214484.

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Butler, Marvin. "Cauliflower Variety Trials 1990/1991." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214487.

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Khoroshilova, Yulia. "British and American relations with independent Ukraine, 1917-1921 and 1991-1994." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391908.

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Wilkinson, Pauline. "Lung cancer in Ireland : 1991-1992." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336721.

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Briozzo, Florence. "Les italiens a toronto, 1971-1991." Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030030.

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Les italiens emigrent au canada en grand nombre apres 1945, et beaucoup d'entre eux se regroupent a toronto. En 1971, cette immigration est terminee, comment ces immigrants, au depart non anglophones, s'adaptent-ils a leurs nouvelles conditions de vie (repartition geographique, vie familiale, travail et mibilite sociale)? quelles structures propres creent-ils (aglise, presse, vie associative)? comment interviennent-ils dans la vie publique (vie politique, problemes linguistiques d'une minorite allophone dans un pays officiellement bilingue anglais-francais)?
Many italians emigrate to canada after 1945, and a high proportion of them settle in toronto. By 1971, this immigration wave is over, how do these non-english speaking immigrants manage to adapt to their new life (geographical distribution, family life, work and social mobility)? what institutions do they generate (churches, media, associations) ? what part do they take in the life of the city (political activity, linguistic problems of a non-english-speaking minority in a in a country that has two official languages, english and french) ?
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Books on the topic "1991)"

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Ltd, Dennis Lau and Ng Chun Man Architects and Engineers (H K. ). Review: 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994. [Hong Kong]: Dennis Lau & Ng Chun Man Archiects [sic] & Engineers (H.K.) Limited, 1994.

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Dimitŭr, Naĭdenov. Preszhurnalistika: 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, ili, --E la nave va. Sofii͡a︡: Sofiĭski universitet "Sveti Kliment Okhridski", 1995.

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Bristol, University of. Calendar 1990-1991 and 1991-1992. Bristol: The University, 1990.

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Bristol, University of. Calendar 1990-1991 and 1991-1992. Bristol: University of Bristol, 1991.

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Executive, Northern Ireland Housing. Housing strategy review 1990/1991-1992/1993. Belfast: Northern Ireland Housing Executive, 1989.

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Corporation, Intertec Publishing, ed. Clymer Honda CB750 Nighthawk, 1991-1993 and 1995-1998 [i.e. 1999]. Overland Park, Kan: Intertec Pub., 1997.

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National Fellowship Program for Black Pastors. The National Fellowship Program for Black Pastors: Project reports, 1990-1991, 1991-1992, 1992-1993. Washington, DC: Congress of National Black Churches, 1993.

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Habsburg, Otto von. Igy láttam--: 1990-1991-1992. [Toronto]: Vörösváry, 1992.

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Zwiazku Polskich Artystów Plastyków. w Krakowie. Galeria Pryzmat 1990-1991-1992. Kraków: Galeria Pryzmat, 1994.

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Habsburg, Otto. Igy láttam--: 1990-1991-1992. [Toronto]: Vörösváry, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "1991)"

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Brodén Gyberg, Veronica. "1991–1997." In Sweden’s Research Aid Policy, 124–48. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003033271-6.

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Elwyn, Glyn, and Cathy Charles. "Shared decision making: the principles and the competences." In Evidence-based Patient Choice, 118–43. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192631947.003.0008.

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Abstract Identifying, describing, and comparing different approaches to treatment decision making is an issue of interest to a surprisingly diverse range of health related disciplines, including medicine, nursing, bio-ethics, medical sociology, and health economics (Brody et al. 1984; Mishler 1984; Beisecker and Beisecker 1990; Emanuel and Emanuel 1992; Llewelyn and Hopkins 1993; Deber 1994; Ong et al. 1995; Quill and Cassel 1995; Deber et al. 1996; Quill and Brody 1996; Charles et al. 1997 1998 1999; Coulter 1997; Williams and Calnan 1991; Degner et al. 1997; Lupton 1997; Gafni et al. 1998; Gwyn and Elwyn 1999).
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Papp, Ratmond. "Introduction to Strategic Alignment." In Strategic Information Technology, 1–24. IGI Global, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-87-2.ch001.

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The concept of strategic alignment is more than two decades old (McLean and Soden, 1977; IBM, 1981; Earl, 1983; Mills, 1986; Brancheau and Wetherbe, 1987; Parker and Benson, 1988; Henderson and Venkatraman, 1990; Dixon and John, 1991; Niederman, et. al., 1991; Watson and Brancheau, 1991; Liebs, 1992; Luftman, Lewis and Oldach, 1993; Goff, 1993), however it has never been more timely than in today’s fast-paced, dynamic business environment (Papp, 1998; Rogers, 1997). The original alignment model was a largely theoretical construct that studied only a single industry (Henderson & Venkatraman, 1990; Henderson & Thomas, 1992) but has since been adapted for use by virtually any industry looking to integrate their business strategies with their information technology strategies (Papp, 1995; Luftman, Papp, & Brier, 1995).
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Alan Pounds, J. "Amphibians and Reptiles." In Monteverde. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095609.003.0011.

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Anyone who stood on the bridge over the Río Guacimal at Monteverde on a wet-season night in the early 1980s would understand Archie Carr’s sentiments. Nearly 300 male Fleischmann’s Glass Frogs (Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni) defended territories along a 120-m section of the stream, and their loud, incessant “peeps” filled the air. In the late 1980s, however, this chorus all but fell silent as the number of glass frogs plummeted. The population has not recovered. In 1998, only a single male could be heard from the bridge. The dramatic reduction in glass frogs was part of a larger decline of Monteverde’s amphibians. A sudden crash of populations in 1987 affected species throughout the area and led to the disappearance of many (Pounds 1990, 1991a, 1997, Crump et al. 1992, Pounds and Crump 1994, Pounds and Fogden 1996, Pounds et al. 1997). The disappearance that has drawn the most attention, however, is that of the Golden Toad (Bufo periglenes). This species, known only from elfin cloud forest high on the ridgetops at Monteverde, is famous for its striking appearance and the colorful spectacle of its breeding congregations (Savage 1966, Jacobson 1983, Fogden and Fogden 1984, Jacobson and Vandenberg 1991; see Savage, “Discovery of the Golden Toad,”. Because the Golden Toad had been locally abundant in seemingly undisturbed habitats for at least 17 consecutive years, its sudden disappearance caused great alarm and dismay (Pounds et al. 1997). Interest in this case has intensified with the suggestion that it is part of a global pattern (Barinaga 1990, Blaustein and Wake 1990, 1995, Phillips 1990, 1994, Wyman 1990, Wake 1991, Wake and Morowitz 1991, Sarkar 1996; see Pounds, “Monteverde Salamanders,”). Many similar declines and disappearances have been reported for highland areas of other continents (Corn and Fogleman 1984, Heyer et al. 1988, Osborne 1989, Weygoldt 1989, Czechura and Ingram 1990, La Marca and Reinthaler 1991, Carey 1993, Fellers and Drost 1993, Kagarise Sherman and Morton 1993, Drost and Fellers 1996, Laurance et al.
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Krogh, Georg von, and Simon Grand. "From Economic Theory toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of _the Firm: Conceptual Building Blocks." In The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge, 163–84. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195138665.003.0010.

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Abstract There is consensus among entrepreneurs, managers, academics, and consultants that we are about to embark on a new economic order: a knowledge-based economy, playing by a new set of rules (Day and Schoemaker 2000, Hamel 2000). In recent years we have seen an increasing interest in firm knowledge and innovation as the source of competitive advantage, which can be traced back to the emergence of the resourcebased perspective of the firm (Wernerfeld 1984, Dierickx and Cool 1988, Barney 1991, Mahoney and Pandian 1992, Peteraf 1993, Teece et al. 1997), the growing literature on innovation (Dosi 1982, Foster 1986, Tushman and Anderson 1986, Henderson and Clark 1990, Utterback 1994, Bower and Christensen 1995, Christensen 1997), organizational learning (Hedlund 1994, Argyris and Schon 1996, Wenger 1998), and most explicitly in the recent development of a knowledge-based perspective of strategy (Nonaka 1994, von Krogh et al. 1994, Spender 1996, Grant 1996).
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Davis, King. "The Intersection of Fee-for-Service, Managed Health Care, and Cultural Competence." In Managed Care Services, 50–73. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195134292.003.0004.

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Abstract Throughout the twentieth century, a large number of studies and authors have confirmed that access, quality of care, and years of healthy living showed a significant relationship to race, ethnicity, income, and social class under the traditional fee-for-service system prevalent in the United States (Abe-Kim & Takeuchi, 1996; Ayanian, 1994; Center for Health Economics Research, 1993; Clinton, 1998; Cole & Pilisuk, 1976; Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, 1989; Garretson, 1993; Gaston, Barrett et al., 1998; Hadley, Steinberg et al., 1991; Hawkins & Rosenbaum, 1993; Jang, Lee et al., 1998; Jones & Gray, 1986; Livingston, 1994; Moy & Bartman, 1995; Mutchler & Burr, 1991; McWhorter & Moyer, 1987; Rice & Winn, 1990; Peterson, Wright et al., 1994; Weiss, 1997). These articles and studies show that under the American fee-for-service system the health and mental health problems of low-income people of color were misdiagnosed frequently, diagnosed more severely than the symptoms warranted, but treated less frequently with current medical procedures than were whites, even when there were no differences in ability to pay for services (Mutchler & Burr, 1991; Peterson, Wright et al., 1994).
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Alvarez, Jose Luis, and Silviya Svejenova. "Symbiotic Careers in Movie Making: Pedro and Agustin Almodovar." In Career Creativity: plorations in the Remaking of Work, 183–208. Oxford University PressOxford, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199248711.003.0010.

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Abstract Studies on painters (Greenfeld 1989; White and White 1993), writers (Anheier et al. 1995), and musicians (Hirsch 1972; Abbott and Hrycak 1990; Murnighan and Colon 1991) have cast light on creative careers. The film industry has also been a frequent field site, adding insights on creative career advancement and its sources, such as skills, knowledge, reputation, relationships, and roles (Faulkner and Anderson 1987; Baker and Faulkner 1991; Jones 1996; DeFillippi and Arthur 1998; Bielby and Bielby 1999).
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Schoppa, R. Keith. "Written on the Darkest Pages of Human History, 1991–2000." In The Twentieth Century, 130–50. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497354.003.0008.

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From the standpoint of the 1990s, the twentieth century seems to have ended on especially depressing notes. Run through the catalogue of tragedy: the hopeful Oslo Accords go dead with the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin (1995); Serbian-Slovenian War (1991); Serbian-Croatian War (1991–1995); Bosnian War (1992–1996); first Congo War (1996–1997); Great War of Africa (1998–2003), where 6 million were killed; and the Kosovo War (1998–1999). Their driving force was nationalism, undoubtedly, some found themselves the key. For Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma (Myanmar) her choice in the three-tiered political identity was the nation for which she gave up her family and all the global ideals in the beginning of her career: human rights, democracy, and individual freedom.
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Dyer, Jeffrey H., and Wujin Chu. "The Role of Trustworthiness in Reducing Transaction Costs and Improving Performance: Empirical Evidence from the United States, Japan, and Korea." In Organizational Trust, 207–28. Oxford University PressOxford, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199288496.003.0008.

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Abstract The issue of trust in economic exchanges has recently received considerable attention in the academic literature (Barney and Hansen 1994, Mayer et al. 1995, Zaheer et al. 1998) as well as the popular press (Business Week 1992, Economist 1996, Fukuyama 1995). Trust in exchange relationships has been hypothesized to be a valuable economic asset because it is believed to: (1) lower transaction costs and allow for greater flexibility to respond to changing market conditions (Gulati 1995, Barney and Hansen 1994, Uzzi 1997, Dyer 1997) and (2) lead to superior information sharing that improves coordination and joint efforts to minimize inefficiencies (Aoki 1988, Clark and Fujimoto 1991, Nishiguchi 1994). Some scholars even claim that national economic efficiency is highly correlated with a high-trust institutional environment (North 1990, Casson 1991, Fukuyama 1995). For example, Fukuyama (1995, p. 7) argues that the economic success of a nation, ‘as well as its ability to compete, is conditioned by . . . the level of trust inherent in the society.’ Indeed, numerous scholars have suggested that interorganizational trust is a key factor in explaining alliance success (Dyer 1996b, Doz and Hamel 1998). These claims have increased our attention to the important role of trust in economic exchanges.
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Cella, David, Jin-Shei Lai, Kim Davis, Kelly Dineen, Stacie Hudgens, and Richard Gershon. "Developing A Questionnaire Using Item Response Theory: A Case Study Of Fatigue." In Assessing Quality Of Life In Clinical Trials, 113–30. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198527695.003.0008.

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Abstract Fatigue is a common problem in most chronic medical conditions. For example prevalence estimates for significant fatigue have been documented in cancer (Cella et al. 1993, 1997, 2001; Vogelzang et al. 1997; Winningham et al. 1994; Irvine et al. 1994; Blesch et al. 1991), multiple sclerosis (Schur 1989; Liang et al. 1984), Parkinson ‘s disease (Friedman and Friedman 2001, 1993; Karlsen et al. 1999; Krupp and Pollina 1996) and HIV (Breitbart 1998; Cunningham 1998). Because fatigue is a symptom associated with so many conditions, its evaluation is included in many HRQoL instruments, both generic and condition-specific.
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Conference papers on the topic "1991)"

1

Pao, Y. H., E. Jih, V. Siddapureddy, X. Song, R. Liu, R. McMillan, and J. M. Hu. "A Thermal Fatigue Model for Surface Mount Leadless Chip Resistor (LCR) Solder Joints." In ASME 1996 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1996-0884.

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Abstract The reliability of surface mount leadless solder joints, e.g., LCCC (leadless ceramic chip carrier), LCR (leadless chip resistor), and LCC (leadless chip capacitor), has been a long-term research topic due to the concern of thermal fatigue failure resulting from significant stresses and strains induced in the joint. Numerous studies of failure analysis of leadless solder joints exist in the literature, and a number of life prediction models based on different failure characterizing parameters, e.g., total strain, plastic strain, strain energy density, etc., have been developed for particular loading conditions, such as isothermal or thermal cyclic fatigue tests. To name a few, e.g., one can refer to Engelmaier (1984), Cltterbaugh and Charles (1985), Hall and Sherry (1986), Clech and Augis (1987), Wong et al. (1988), Bae et al. (1989), Solomon (1990), Frear et al. (1991), Satoh et al. (1991), Lee and Stone 91991), Lau (1991), Govila et al. (1994), Schroeder and Mitchell (1994), JPL (1994), Syed (1995), Wen and Ross (1995), Jih and Pao (1995), Zhang et al. (1996), Kawai et al. (1996), Hu (1996), Guo and Conrad (1996), Lin et al. (1996), and Lau and Pao (1996).
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Gu, W. Y., X. G. Mao, and B. A. Rawlins. "Direct Measurements of Hydraulic Permeability Coefficients of Cartilaginous Tissues." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0134.

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Abstract Fluid is a major component of cartilaginous tissues. Its transport is primarily governed by the hydraulic permeability coefficient of the tissue. The hydraulic permeability coefficient is important to the understanding of the transport processes of interstitial water and ions [e.g., Gu et al, 1993] and the viscoelastic behavior of the tissue [e.g., Mow et al, 1980; Setton et al, 1993]. However, the hydraulic permeability coefficients of these tissues are extremely low and difficult to quantify precisely. Studies in the literature report on the determination of the hydraulic permeability of these tissues directly by measuring fluid flux corresponding to the applied pressure difference in a permeation experiment [Edwards, 1967; Mansour and Mow, 1976; Mansour and Matsumoto, 1998; Maroudas and Bullough, 1968; McCutchen, 1962] or indirectly by curvefitting experimental data from confined compression or indentation tests using the biphasic theory[e.g., Athanasiou et al, 1991; Best et al, 1994; Drost et al, 1995; Houben et al, 1997, Iatridis et al, 1997; Mak et al, 1987; Mansour and Matsumoto, 1998; Mow et al, 1980; Setton et al, 1993]. Recently, Gu and co-workers (1998) reported that the permeability coefficient of human anulus fibrosus determined directly was one order of magnitude greater than that determined indirectly [e.g. Best et al, 1994, Drost et al, 1995, Houben et al, 1997, Iatridis et al, 1997]. To address this discrepancy, we investigated the hydraulic permeability coefficients of human lumbar anulus fibrosus and bovine articular cartilage using a new technique developed by Gu and co-workers (1998). The hydraulic permeability coefficient of human anulus fibrosus was compared to that of bovine articular cartilage measured under the same testing conditions.
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Maisack, Michael, Eckhard Kendziorra, Peter Kretschmar, Mathias Kunz, Rüdiger Staubert, Stefan Döbereiner, Jakob Englhauser, et al. "HEXE observations 1991/1992." In The second Compton symposium. AIP, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.45604.

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Li, Yi-Chun, Steven A. Lavender, Raghu N. Natarajan, Gunnar B. J. Andersson, and Faird M. L. Amirouche. "Evaluation of the Revised NIOSH Lifting Equation (1991): On the Asymmetric Multiplier." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0439.

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Abstract The NIOSH 1981 lifting equation (NIOSH, 1981) [1] is based on biomechanical, physiological, psychophysical, and epidemiological criteria in order to identify the risk of low back injuries in bi-manual lifting. The 1991 revised lifting equation [2] expands the application scope of the 1981 equation for evaluating asymmetrical lifting tasks, lifts of objects with less than optimal hand-container couplings, and a larger range of work duration and lifting frequencies; also, the load constant is reduced from 40 kg to 23 kg; the Lifting Index (LI) and the Recommended Weight Limit (RWL) replace the Maximal Permissible Limit (MPL) and Action Limit to indicate the potential risk. LI is an actual lifted weight and uses RWL as its unit. If LI < 1, it assumes that more than 99% of males and 75% of females are capable of performing the lifting task and the risk of causing low back injury is nominal. If LI < 3, it assumes that less than 25% of males and 1% of females are capable of performing the lifting task, and a greater percentage of manual materials handling workers is likely to be at risk of developing low back pain. Waters et al. (1993) [3] noted that although the 1991 equation has not been fully validated, the recommended weight limits derived from the revised equation are consistent with or lower than those generally reported in the literature. Hidalgo et al. (1995) [4] showed that the results of cross-validation of the NIOSH limits for psychophysical criterion confirmed the validity of assumptions made in the 1991 NIOSH revised lifting equation and for the biomechanical and physiological criteria which were not in total agreement. This validation was based on the psychophysical, biomechanical and physiological data recently published in the subject literature (Genaidy et al. 1990, Snook and Ciriello 1991, Genaidy et al. 1993, Asfour et al. 1991) [2]. Most of the validation limit in the sagittal plane lifting and 3.4 KN compressive force on the spine is the standard line in biomechanical criteria. The 1991 revised NIOSH lifting equation recommended that the allowable weight of lift be reduced by about 30% for lifts involving asymmetric twists of 90 degrees (Water et al., 1993), which considers asymmetric multiplier in the sagittal lifts as 1 and 90 degrees lifts as 0.7, and linearly reduced between the sagittal lifts and 90 degrees lifts. This maximum acceptable lifting capacity is applied not only in the heavier loads but also in the lighter loads. The hypothesis in evaluating NIOSH lifting equation on the asymmetric multiplier is that asymmetric multiplier may be appropriate adopted in the heavier loads (LI = 3) but will be improper applied in the lighter loads (LI = 1). Several types of data, static and dynamic data of the L5/S1 forces, moments, and compressive forces, are observed.
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Soltz, Michael A., and Gerard A. Ateshian. "Measurement of Cartilage Fluid Pressurization in Confined Compression Cyclical Loading." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0012.

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Abstract In recent studies (Oloyede and Broom, 1991; Soltz and Ateshian, 1997, 1998) it has been demonstrated from experiment and theory that compressive stresses applied across the surface of articular cartilage are supported primarily by the hydrostatic pressurization of the interstitial fluid, under configurations of confined compression creep and stress-relaxation. This pressurization is sustained for several hundred seconds before it eventually subsides, suggesting a major role for interstitial fluid in protecting the solid collagen-protcoglycan matrix from excessive stresses. In the present study, cartilage fluid pressurization is investigated experimentally and theoretically under sinusoidal loading, since the mechanical environment of articular cartilage during daily living is often cyclical in nature. Investigators have demonstrated that this cyclical loading may cause a biosynthetic response of chondrocytes within the tissue, depending on the frequency and amplitude of the applied stresses or strains (e.g. Gray et al., 1988; Hall et al., 1991; Kim et al., 1995; Parkikinen et al., 1992; Sah et al., 1989). A theoretical solution for cyclical loading in confined compression has been obtained previously (Suh et al., 1995) using the biphasic theory (Mow et al., 1980) and this solution is employed here.
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Dyens, Georges M. "Report on Canadian holography 1991-1994." In Display Holography: Fifth International Symposium, edited by Tung H. Jeong. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.201954.

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Jolliffe, Flavia. "Proportions, probability and other matters." In Proceedings of the First Scientific Meeting of the IASE. International Association for Statistical Education, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/srap.93504.

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A study to investigate students' facility with proportions has been undertaken by the author and Fay Sharples of the University of Waikato in New Zealand over the period 1989 to 1992. the initial study was done during 1989 and 1990 and 64 students at the University of Waikato and 57 at Brunel University in the UK took part, Some results of this study have been reported elsewhere (Jolliffe and Sharples, 1991; Jolliffw and Sharples, 1993).
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Arditi, Aries, Lei Liu, and William Lynn. "Legibility of Outline Fonts." In Vision Science and its Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/vsia.1997.sub.2.

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Several studies in recent years have demonstrated strong effects of typography on text legibility (Arditi, 1996; Arditi, Cagenello, & Jacobs, 1995; Arditi, Knoblauch, & Grunwald, 1990; Loomis, 1990; Mansfield, Legge, & Bane, 1996; Tinker, 1963). The approach taken in this laboratory has been to assess the effects of typographic variables by comparing legibility of fonts that vary only in the dimension of interest (e.g. stroke width, spacing). While in the past we have used reading speed as a legibility criterion (Arditi et al., 1990; Knoblauch, Arditi, & Szlyk, 1991), our recent work has defined legibility as the smallest letter size that can be effectively read. In the present study we examine the legibility of outline fonts relative to their solid counterparts, under conditions of wide and close spacing.
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9

Danenberger, E. P. "Outer Continental Shelf Drilling Blowouts, 1971-1991." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/7248-ms.

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LeDuc, Philip, Bryan Pfister, Yangqing Xu, Denis Wirtz, and Gang Bao. "In Situ Dynamics of Concentrated DNA Molecules in a Shear Flow." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0369.

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Abstract Polymer dynamics has been studied for many years because of its importance in many areas including materials, mechanics, biology, and medicine (Munk, 1989; Hoffman, et al., 1984). The dynamics of macromolecules in shear flow has been studied using light scattering and birefringence, but the effect of shear on the dynamics of individual polymers is not well understood (Doi & Edwards, 1986; de Gennes, 1991; de Gennes, 1997). Recently we studied the conformational changes of DNA molecules under shear in dilute concentration (LeDuc et al., 1998). Here we report the observations of the dynamics of fluorescently-labeled DNA molecules in a shear flow with increased concentration. Under a controlled shear flow, these flexible polymers exhibit various extended conformations, which range from parallel to perpendicular in orientation when compared to the flow direction. The amount of stretching that occurs in these experiments is found to be less than that for the dilute concentrations of the DNA solutions. Further, the stretching of the molecular solutions is found even at shear rates much smaller than the inverse of the relaxation time of the molecule. The in situ observations also reveal the effect of polymer concentration on the entanglement of macromolecules. These results provide insight into the behavior of individual and concentrated polymer molecules under shear and help further development of models for polymer dynamics (Perkins, et al., 1994; Smith, et al., 1992; Wirtz, 1995).
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Reports on the topic "1991)"

1

Depken, J. C. AGS experiments -- 1991, 1992, 1993. Tenth edition. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10150961.

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Depken, J. C. AGS experiments: 1990, 1991, 1992. Ninth edition. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179838.

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Jokinen, Pauli, Pentti Pirinen, Juho-Pekka Kaukoranta, Antti Kangas, Pekka Alenius, Patrick Eriksson, Milla Johansson, and Sofia Wilkman. Climatological and oceanographic statistics of Finland 1991–2020. Finnish Meteorological Institute, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361485.

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This report consists of climate statistics for air pressure, temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, snow depth, wind, sunshine and global radiation for the normal period covering the years 1991–2020. In addition for the first time oceanographic statistics for sea water level, sea water temperature and sea ice are included. Based on the station and gridded data the new 1991–2020 normal period is approximately 0.6 °C warmer in Finland compared to the previous 1981–2010 period. The new normal period is approximately 1.3 °C warmer when compared to the 1961–1990 period. Climate and oceanographic statistics can be used for example when anomalies for current conditions need to be calculated and put in a historical context. In addition they help in decision-making when it is needed to approximate conditions months into the future. And lastly normal periods provide a way to monitor the progression of climate change. The calculation of the normal period statistics have been carried out following the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) guidelines. Like with previous normal periods, some stricter guidelines were followed nationally, for example in the way missing observations were handled. The period 1991–2020 is both nationally and internationally the official normal period before the next one covering 2001–2030 is taken into use.
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Widmann, Richard H., and Richard H. Widmann. Pulpwood Production in the Northeast: 1991, 1992 and 1993. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/ne-rb-133.

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Lottor, M. Internet Growth (1981-1991). RFC Editor, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1296.

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Pohle, L. US photovoltaic patents: 1991--1993. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/32790.

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Depken, J. C. AGS Experiments: 1989, 1990, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10105758.

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Depken, J. C. AGS Experiments: 1989, 1990, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6955779.

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9

McDonald, J. A., F. O`Sullivan, and W. Stuetzle. Computing environments, interactive graphics and nonparametric methods for data analysis. Progress report 1990--1991; Research plan 1991--1992. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10154613.

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Rowe, M. S., A. Cohen, D. Greenberg, L. Seubert, and J. B. H. Kuper. Brookhaven highlights for fiscal year 1991, October 1, 1990--September 30, 1991. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10156750.

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