Journal articles: '1981-1983'

1

Lipper, Susan. "Yale Portraits, 1981–1983." Photography and Culture 3, no. 3 (November 2010): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175145109x12804957025714.

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Kingsford, RT. "The Effect of Drought on Duckling Survival of Maned Ducks." Wildlife Research 16, no. 4 (1989): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890405.

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Regular brood surveys on a population of maned ducks, Chenonetta jubata, in south-eastern Australia provided information on the timing of breeding, brood sizes, duckling survival and production for this species. Over three years (1981-83), most breeding was during the spring, ducklings hatching between late August and late November. Some autumn (March-May) breeding also occurred. Timing of breeding appeared to be more closely related to the abundance of food than to rainfall alone. There were clear differences in reproductive success between the drought year of 1982 and the two years of similar weather, 1981 and 1983. Breeding began later in 1982, with a mean hatch date of 18 � 5.1 November, compared with 7 � 3.6 October in 1981 and 21 � 5.1 September in 1983. Broods hatched over 43 days in 1982 compared with 69 days in 1981 and 101 days in 1983. Also, duckling survival was lowest in 1982, with about a 20% probability of survival to fledging compared with 89% in 1981 and 82% in 1983. Only six broods were found in 1982 compared with 33 in 1981 and 30 in 1983. An estimated 158 and 176 ducklings survived to fledging compared with seven in 1982. Brood sizes at hatching did not show the same clear annual differences. In 1981 and 1983 there were seasonal differences in brood size at hatching. Broods were smaller late in the season (4.1) compared with early (7.2) and mid-season (7.2). Broods were also larger in 1983 (7.2) than in 1981 (5.4). Brood size at hatching in 1982 was 6.0.

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Barnett, Harold C. "The Allocation of Superfund, 1981-1983." Land Economics 61, no. 3 (August 1985): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3145840.

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Ofori-Sarpong, E. "THE 1981–1983 DROUGHT IN GHANA." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 7, no. 2 (December 1986): 108–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.1986.tb00176.x.

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Burgess, W., B. Mduma, and G. V. Josephson. "Measles in Mbeya, Tanzania--1981-1983." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 32, no. 4 (August 1, 1986): 148–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/32.4.148-a.

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Southward, A. J., Eve C. Southward, P. R. Dando, R. L. Barrett, and R. Ling. "Chemoautotrophic function of bacterial symbionts in small Pogonophora." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 66, no. 2 (May 1986): 415–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400043046.

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INTRODUCTIONThe small species of Pogonophora that are widely distributed in sediments along the Continental Slope and in the Norwegian fjords (Webb, 1965; Southward & Southward, 1967; Southward, 1971,1979) carry Gram-negative bacteria in the posterior part of the body (Southward, 1982). In this they resemble the giant pogonophores (Vestimentifera) that live around hydrothermal vents in the Pacific ocean floor (Cavanaugh et al. 1981; Cavanaugh, 1983). The bacteria in both groups are autotrophic (Felbeck, 1981; Southward et al. 1981), capable of synthesizing organic matter from carbon dioxide. The bacteria in Riftia and other vent pogonophores appear to obtain energy by oxidation of reduced sulphur compounds (Felbeck, 1981; Felbeck, Childress & Somero, 1981). Hydrothermal vent waters may contain as much as 6 nut dissolved sulphide (Edmond et al. 1982; Edmond & Von Damm, 1983), which is diluted to about 200-300 μM near the giant pogonophores, whose blood can transport sulphide without affecting the affinity of its haemoglobin for oxygen (Arp & Childress, 1983; Powell & Somero, 1983; Childress, Arp & Fisher, 1984).

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Marquard, Robert D., and James W. Hanover. "Floral response of Piceaglauca to gibberellin A4/7, napthaleneacetic acid, root-pruning, and biennial treatment." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, no. 4 (August 1, 1985): 743–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x85-124.

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The floral response of 6-year-old seedling white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss.) was evaluated after treatment in 1981 with the gibberellin mixture of A4 and A7 (GA4/7), napthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and root-pruning. To evaluate the effectiveness of biennial treatment, trees treated in 1981 were again treated in 1983 and compared with a second group of trees treated only in 1983. Trees treated in 1981 with 500 mg•L−1 GA4/7 plus 25 mg•L−1 NAA and root-pruning averaged 42 female strobili per tree and control trees remained vegetative. Root-pruning significantly reduced terminal shoot growth and shoot water potential. No male strobili were produced on study trees. Trees treated in 1981 and again in 1983 were as productive (based on female counts) as trees treated only in 1983. Two treatments in 1983 significantly enhanced female strobilus production over the control: (i) 500 mg•L−1 GA4/7 alone and (ii) 250 mg•L−1 GA4/7 plus root-pruning. These treatments averaged 150 and 192 female strobili per tree, respectively; control trees averaged 30. Biennial treatment with GA4/7 and root-pruning can effectively continue to increase female cone production of white spruce.

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Reynaud, Emmanuèle, Gérard Heuzé, Emmanuele Reynaud, and Gerard Heuze. "Inde, la grève du siècle. 1981-1983." Revue Française de Sociologie 31, no. 4 (October 1990): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3322421.

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9

Trollfors, B., B. A. Claesson, K. Strangert, and J. Taranger. "Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in Sweden 1981-1983." Archives of Disease in Childhood 62, no. 12 (December 1, 1987): 1220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.62.12.1220.

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10

Wøhni, T., and S. Backe. "Occupational Radiation Doses in Norway 1981-1983." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a079524.

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11

Harris, A. "Asteroid Lightcurve Observations from 1981 to 1983." Icarus 142, no. 1 (November 1999): 173–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1999.6181.

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12

McGibany, James M., and Farrokh Nourzad. "Tax Rate Changes, Interest Rate Volatility, And The Decline In Velocity, 1981-1983." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 3, no. 1 (November 1, 2011): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v3i1.6549.

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One of the most puzzling economic events in the U.S. during this decade has been the dramatic decline in the growth rate of the income velocity of money. From the fourth quarter of 1981 to the second quarter of 1983, the velocity growth rate fell by nearly 4% as opposed to its 3% trend growth rate. Traditional models have been unable to fully capture this unusual behavior of velocity, over predicting its rate of growth. The present study is concerned with this over prediction problem and attempts to more accurately explain the decline in the velocity growth rate in the 1981-1983 period. It examines the extent to which increased interest rate volatility in the early 1980s and the Reagan tax cuts may be contributed to the decline of the velocity growth rate from 1981 to 1983.

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13

Gilliam, C. D., J. T. Eason, and C. E. Evans. "Effects of Soil pH on Four Field-Grown Nursery Crops." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 3, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-3.3.136.

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Four woody nursery crops were grown for 3 years (1981–1983) in plots with varying pH levels. Greater growth of ‘Compacta’ Japanese holly and Foster's holly occurred in 1981 and 1982 at lower pH levels (4.1–5.8). However, Mn phytotoxic symptoms appeared on ‘Compacta’ Japanese holly dunng the fall of 1982. Foliar Mn levels of all 4 species exceeded 2500 ppm when grown at the lowest pH level, with the exception of Foster's holly in 1983. Growth of ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ holly was not affected by pH, while Taxus growth was enhanced in 1983 at the higher pH levels (4.7–5.9). Foliar nutrient concentration trends were similar among the 4 crops.

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14

Buraba, V. "V. Sunspots." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 19, no. 1 (1985): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00006143.

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Several proceedings of scientific meetings on sunspots appeared during the 1981-1984 period [The Physics of Sunsots, Cram and Thomas (eds.) 1981; see also reports of regional meetings, e.g.. Third European Solar Meeting, Oxford 1981; Nordic Astronomy Meeting, O. Hauge (ed.), Oslo 1983; 11th Regional Consultation on Solar Physics, L. Dezsö and B. Kalman (eds.), Debrecen 1983]. New interest in sunspots was aroused through observations of EUV sunspot spectra from space and was also inspired by the growing number of observations of starspots and other stellar activities [IAU Symposium No. 102, Solar and Stellar Magnetic Fields: Origin and Coronal Effects, J.O. Stenflo (ed.) 1983; Colloquium IAU No. 71 Activity in Red Dwarf Stars, Catania 1982]. Other reasons for the increased interest in sunspots and their energetics were prompted by the correlation between sunspot occurrence and the variations of the solar constant (Hudson et al. 1982) and by the use of sunspot positions for determining solar differential rotation and its change with latitude, depth, and time (Howard et al. 1984, Godoli S Mazzucconi 1982, Balthasar et al. 1984, Tuominen & Kyrolainen 1982, Adam 1983, Koch 1984).

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15

Whelan, C. D., P. Monaghan, R. W. A. Girdwood, and C. R. Fricker. "The significance of wild birds(Larus sp.)in the epidemiology of campylobacter infections in humans." Epidemiology and Infection 101, no. 2 (October 1988): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800054170.

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During much of the present century, the population of herring gulls in Britain has increased rapidly (Cramp, Bourne & Saunders, 1973; Chabrzyk & Coulson, 1976; Monaghan & Coulson, 1977). Accompanying this changes was an increased utilization by these birds of human waste as a food supply, particularly sewage and refuse emanating from our towns and cities (Monaghan, 1983; Hortonet al.1983). This, coupled with their habits of roosting on agricultural land and water storage reservoirs and of breeding on inhabited buildings, has given rise to concern over the role of these birds in the spread of disease to man and domestic animals (e.g. Fenlon, 1981; Reillyet al.1981; Butterfieldet al.1983; Monaghanet al.1985; Girdwoodet al.1986).

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16

Rosser, John. "Excavations at Saranda Kolones, Paphos, Cyprus, 1981-1983." Dumbarton Oaks Papers 39 (1985): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1291516.

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17

Dorman, S. F. "Maternal Mortality in New York City, 1981–1983." Obstetric Anesthesia Digest 10, no. 4 (January 1991): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00132582-199101000-00003.

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18

Holbrook, Thomas M. "Economic Considerations and the 2008 Presidential Election." PS: Political Science & Politics 42, no. 03 (June 26, 2009): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096509090763.

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The idea that economic conditions influence election outcomes and voting behavior is hardly novel and would appear to be close to uniformly accepted, especially in the case of American presidential elections. Beginning with the early aggregate studies (Arcelus and Meltzer 1975; Bloom and Price 1975; Kramer 1971; Tufte 1978) and the important individual-level work that followed soon thereafter (Kiewiet 1983; Kinder and Kiewiet 1979, 1981; Fiorina 1981), election scholars have devoted considerable attention to the influence of the economy on voting behavior and election outcomes. Although the findings are many and sometimes disparate, a few general conclusions have emerged: economic voting is incumbency oriented rather than policy oriented (Fiorina 1981; Kiewiet 1983); at the individual level, evaluations of the national economy are more closely tied to vote choice than are evaluations of personal finances (Kiewiet 1983; Kinder and Kiewiet 1979, 1981; Kinder, Adams, and Gronke 1989); and, with the exception of 2000, the incumbent party is habitually returned to office when economic times are good and tossed out when economic times are bad (Campbell and Garand 2000). In short, we know a lot about how the economy influences voters and elections, and it would seem that there are few issues left to resolve.

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19

Barney, Danny L., Ronald H. Walser, Tim D. Davis, and C. Frank Williams. "Trunk Injection of Iron Compounds as a Treatment for Overcoming Iron Chlorosis in Apple Trees." HortScience 20, no. 2 (April 1985): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.20.2.236.

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Abstract Severely chlorotic ‘Red Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees growing on a calcareous soil were treated for iron (Fe) chlorosis with pressure injections of 1.0% (w:w) solutions of ferrous sulfate, ferric citrate, or Fe-Sequestrene-330 (Fe-330). Injections were made in September of 1981 and in April, June, and July of 1983. All treatments increased chlorophyll concentrations compared to controls, and treatments made in September of 1981 and in April and June of 1983 increased shoot growth during the 1983 growing season compared to controls. Although the treatments did result in a temporary increase in foliar Fe content, there was not a strong correlation between foliar Fe and chlorophyll concentration. Ferrous sulfate and Fe-330 were more effective than ferric citrate in alleviating chlorosis. Injections made in April and June of 1983 greatly increased bloom in May of 1984, compared to trees injected in July of 1983 and the untreated controls. Hence, injections should be made early in the season (before July) in order to promote bloom the following growing season.

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20

Etgen, Robert J., and Ray R. Hicks. "Impact of Looper Defoliation: A Case Study in West Virginia." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 4, no. 4 (December 1, 1987): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/4.4.201.

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Abstract In 1984, measurements of site and stand conditions and tree mortality were taken from 141 tenth-acre plots located within stands defoliated by loopers from 1981-1983, including 35 undefoliated control plots. Mortality due to loopers was expanded to the total defoliation area (1 million ac in 1981, 100 thousand in 1982, and 35 thousand in 1983). Loss due to mortality amounted to 2.3 billion board feet (bbf) of sawtimber and 4.2 million cords (cd) of pulpwood, with a total estimated stumpage value of about 345 million dollars. North. J. Appl. For. 4:201-204, December 1987.

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21

Polak, Wojciech. "Opozycjoniści ukrywający się przed internowaniem po wprowadzeniu stanu wojennego." Wolność i Solidarność 11-12 (2020): 139–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25434942ws.20.010.15014.

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Artykuł omawia zjawisko ukrywania się przed internowaniem działaczy Solidarności oraz działaczy innych ugrupowań opozycyjnych w czasie stanu wojennego w Polsce (1981–1983). Wielu z tych działaczy ukrywało się w prywatnych mieszkaniach, niekiedy należących również do instytucji kościelnych. The article discusses the phenomenon of hiding from internment of Solidarity activists and activists of other opposition groups during the martial law in Poland (1981–1983). Many of these activists hid in private apartments, sometimes also belonging to church institutions. In the case of their active underground activity, they even became at the forefront of underground structures. Disclosure of people in hiding is often used by people enjoying trusted society.

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Rust, D. M. "II. Solar Maximum Year." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 19, no. 1 (1985): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00006118.

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Work begun during the Solar Maximum Year (SMY) (1980-1981) was the focus of several sympsoia and workshops starting in March 1981 with the International SMY Workshop in Simferopol, Crimea (Obridko 1981). Results of the Annecy SMY Workshop (Annecy, France, October 1981) were presented in May 1982 with later work presented at the first SMY symposium (ĸvestka et al. 1982) in Ottawa, Canada. A special symposium for the Study of Travelling Interplanetary Phenomena was held in Maynooth, Ireland, in August 1982 (Shea et al. 1984). Another SMY workshop was held in November 1983 in Kunming, China (Chen 1984), and the second SMY symposium was held in June 1984 in Graz, Austria (Simon 1985). The scientific progress of the SMY is detailed in the above-mentioned publications and in the 1982 U.S.-Japan Seminar “Recent Advances in the Understanding of Solar Flares” (Kane et al. 1983). Highlights of the work of the SMY’s Flare Build-Up Study, Study of Energy Release in Flares, and Study of Travelling Interplanetary Phenomena are presented below.

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23

Richard, Pierre R. "Abundance and Distribution of Narwhals (Monodon monoceros) in Northern Hudson Bay." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-038.

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Aerial surveys for narwhals (Monodon monoceros) were conducted in August 1981, in July 1982, 1983, and 1984, and in March 1983 in the Repulse Bay area between Roes Welcome Sound and Lyon Inlet, north of Southampton Island. About 1300 narwhals were estimated to occupy waters between northern Roes Welcome Sound and Lyon Inlet in July 1982, 1983, and 1984. Narwhals were found throughout the study area but were more concentrated in three areas: northern Roes Welcome Sound, southern Frozen Strait, and, in 1984, Lyon Inlet. Only four narwhals were observed during August 1981 reconnaissance surveys of these areas. No narwhals were seen during the March 1983 survey of Roes Welcome Sound and leads of Frozen Strait. A winter concentration of narwhals observed by others in eastern Hudson Strait was of similar size to that which we observed in July, suggesting that they could be the same stock. If this is so, the northern Hudson Bay narwhals could be distinct from the stock that inhabits Davis Strait and Baffin Bay.

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24

Ziolkowski, Theodore, and Heinrich Böll. "Ein- und Zusprüche: Schriften, Reden und Prosa 1981-1983." World Literature Today 59, no. 2 (1985): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40141537.

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Latour, P. B. "Observations on demography, reproduction, and morphology of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) on Banks Island, Northwest Territories." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 265–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-041.

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Muskoxen were harvested from three locations on Banks Island in 1981, 1982, and 1983 in the following numbers: 1981, 224; 1982, 87; 1983, 82. Only the 1981 harvest was nonselective for specific age-classes. There was a maximum of 0.83 calves per female ≥ 3 years old in mid-May, as determined by calf and fetus counts; these calves represented 24% of the total sample. Over 90% of all calving was completed by 8 May. Calving may start as early as 8 April and likely no later than 19 April. Body weight increased until at least 5 years of age for both males and females; males were significantly heavier than females at 2 years of age and older. Length and girth increased for both sexes until 5 years of age with significant differences between the sexes occurring at approximately 4 years for girth and 5 years for length.

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26

Taylor, Barry R., and Dennis Parkinson. "Annual differences in quality of leaf litter of aspen (Populus tremuloides) affecting rates of decomposition." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 1940–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-266.

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Freshly fallen leaf litter was collected from a stand of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in the Rocky Mountains of Alberta each autumn from 1981 through 1984. Leaves from 1981 and 1982 were yellow, waxy, and strong. Leaves from 1983 were pale brown and very brittle, and almost 1% of them suffered symmetrical deformities. Leaves from 1984 were composed of 80% yellow leaves and 20% green leaves, which apparently abscissed before senescence. Green and yellow 1984 leaves were distinctly different with respect to total (3 days) leaching loss, leachate conductivity, and proportions of ash, cellulose, and labile material. Green 1984 leaves contained twice as much nitrogen as yellow ones (13.1 vs. 6.5 mg∙g−1) and significantly more phosphorus (1.6 vs. 1.3 mg∙g−1). Leaves of different years varied widely with respect to leaf mass, water absorption rate, mass and conductivity of leachate, and proportions of cellulose, labiles, lignin, and ash, but there was no consistent ordering among years; leaves of different colouration (especially 1981 and 1983) were often physicochemically similar, while leaves identical in appearance were often chemically different. Small but significant differences in N and P concentrations among years were removed by 2 h leaching. Leaves of 1981 decomposing in laboratory microcosms at 26 °C lost less mass than either 1982 or 1983 leaves after 1 month, but not after 2 months. Ability of the cuticle to resist water absorption was probably responsible for the difference in initial decomposition rate.

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Saraiva, Maria Elizabeth Fonseca. "Analise funcional da elipse de preposições em português." Cadernos de Linguística e Teoria da Literatura 6, no. 11 (December 30, 2016): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/0101-3548.6.11.82-97.

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Resumo: Neste texto, pretendo, em primeiro lugar, descrever e analisar os contextos em que ocorre elipse de preposição no português coloquial. A seguir, com base nos estudos realizados por Pontes (1981) e Haiman (1983), apresento uma tentativa de explicação para os fatos analisados, que leva em conta a função das preposições no discurso. Abstract: What I intend to do in this paper is, first, to describe and analyse the contexts in which there is ellipsis of prepositions in colloquial portuguese.Next, on the basic of Ponte's (1981) and Haiman's (1983) studies, an attempt is formulated in order to explain the facts already analysed. The explanation presented is based on the function of prepositions in discourse.

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28

Lester, David. "The Sex Ratio in American Indian Suicides." Psychological Reports 81, no. 2 (October 1997): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.2.506.

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Kutner, George W. "The Behavior Of The Bank Repurchase Agreement Market: 1981-1983." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 3, no. 1 (November 1, 2011): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v3i1.6548.

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This paper investigates the bank repurchase agreement (repo) market over the period 1981 to 1983. Individual bank repo rates were, on average, 200 basis points less than the closely related federal funds rate. The effects of the Drysdale Securities, Penn Square, and Lombard-Wall failures were investigated. Although no immediate effect was found, repo rates did increase 100 basis points relative to the federal funds rate approximately six months after the first such incident and immediately following the October, 1983 change in monetary policy.

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Stanley, Michael. "The National Scheme for Geological Site Documentation: Annual Report for 1984." Geological Curator 4, no. 2 (April 1985): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc741.

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Défago, Genevieve, Heinz Kern, and Ludmila Sedlar. "Potential Control of Weedy Spurges by the RustUromyces scutellatus." Weed Science 33, no. 6 (November 1985): 857–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500083508.

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In a location with cypress spurge (Euphorbia cyparissiasL. ♯ EPHCY) and naturally occurringUromyces scutellatus(Pers.) Lév. s.str., the percent of shoots deformed by this systemic rust increased from 6% in 1981 to 48% in 1982, followed by a decrease in both deformed and normal shoots in 1983 and 1984. After inoculation in 1981 of two cypress spurge crowns at a location near Zürich by teliospores ofUromyces alpestrisTranzsch., more than 80% deformed shoots were obtained in 1983 and 1984. Inoculations of cypress spurge root segments byU. scutellatuss.str. orU. alpestrisin experimental plots in 1982 gave 50 to 100% infected plants, and in most cases more than 50% deformed shoots in 1984. The collection ofU. alpestrisstudied (E-52) could be a promising candidate for mycocontrol of cypress spurge because of its pathogenicity and specificity.

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Escobar, Martha Lucía, Lucía Santamaría, and Federico Díaz G. "Dermatomicosis de etiología mixta y por hongos ambientales (1981 - 1983)." Biomédica 5, no. 3-4 (December 1, 1985): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.v5i3-4.1904.

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33

Roskin, Michael, and Jeffrey L. Edleson. "The Immigration of English- Speakers To Israel: 1981 & 1983." International Social Work 28, no. 2 (April 1985): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002087288502800202.

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Green, Reginald Herbold, and Xavier Kadhani. "Zimbabwe: transition to economic crises, 1981–1983: retrospect and prospect." World Development 14, no. 8 (August 1986): 1059–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-750x(86)90010-0.

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35

Stolar, G. Elaine, Mary A. Hill, and Alanna Tomblin. "Family Disengagement–Myth or Reality: A Follow-up Study After Geriatric Assessment." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 5, no. 2 (1986): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800016251.

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AbstractTo determine family involvement after geriatric assessment, two groups of patients were followed: a sample of 1981 patients and their caregivers were interviewed in 1981 and 1984: and, a sample of 1983 patients and their caregivers were interviewed in 1984. The findings indicate that nuclear family members retain on-going relationships with their elderly. Kin networks shrink for those elderly without nuclear kin when their mental functioning decreases. Needs and resources change over time.

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36

Mccutcheon, W. H., B. J. Robinson, R. N. Manchester, and J. B. Whiteoak. "Distribution of CO in the Southern Milky Way and large-scale structure in the Galaxy." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 106 (1985): 203–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900242435.

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The southern galactic-plane region, in the ranges 294° ≤ 1 ≤ 358°, −0°.075 ≤ b ≤ 0°.075, has been surveyed in the J = 1–0 line of 12CO with a sampling interval of 3′ arc. Observations were made with the 4-metre telescope at the CSIRO Division of Radiophysics in 1980 and 1981. Details of equipment and observing procedure are given in Robinson et al. (1982, 1983); see also McCutcheon et al. (1983).

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Mills, K. H., S. M. Chalanchuk, L. C. Mohr, and I. J. Davies. "Responses of Fish Populations in Lake 223 to 8 Years of Experimental Acidification." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, S1 (December 18, 1987): s114—s125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-287.

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Lake 223 in the Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario, was experimentally acidified with sulfuric acid from 1976 (initial average pH 6.49) to 1981 (average pH 5.02), and then maintained at pH 5.02 to 5.13 from 1981 to 1983. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) were abundant at the onset of acidification. A decline in the abundance of fathead minnow began in 1979 (pH 5.64), and was followed first by a rapid increase in number of pearl dace (Semotilus margarita) in 1980 (pH 5.59) and then a rapid decrease in 1982 (pH 5.09). The abundance of slimy sculpin decreased rapidly in 1979. Abundances of lake trout and white sucker increased during the early years of acidification, but declined following consecutive recruitment failures starting in 1980 for trout and in 1981 for white suckers. By 1982 recruitment had ceased for all Lake 223 fishes. Survival of lake trout [Formula: see text] age 1 decreased in 1982 and 1983, but no other changes in survival of fish [Formula: see text] age 1 were detected for lake trout or white sucker. By spring 1983 many lake trout were emaciated due to losses of the lake trout food organisms. No changes in growth of lake trout and white suckers occurred during the initial years of acidification, but growth of lake trout slowed in 1982 and growth of white sucker increased in 1979.

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Lipinski, Marek. "Methods for the validation of squid Age from statoliths." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 66, no. 2 (May 1986): 505–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400043095.

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INTRODUCTIONGrowth laminations were first noted in squid statoliths by Clarke (1966), who suggested they might be useful for age determination. Spratt (1978) presented a detailed age analysis ofLoligo opalescensBerry, 1911, arguing that some rings in the cephalopod statolith were deposited daily, as are fish otoliths (Panella, 1971). Growth rings inIllex illecebrosus(Lesueur, 1921) statoliths were illustrated by Lipinski (1978) with similar interpretation to that of Spratt (op. cit.). Several further attempts have been made to validate and/or to discuss age determination from statoliths (Hurley, Drew & Radtke, 1979; Hurleyet al.1983; Wiborg, 1979; Hurley & Beck, 1980; Kristensen, 1980; Lipinski, 1980, 1981; Rosenberg, Wiborg & Bech, 1981; Martins, 1982; Radtke, 1983; Daweet al.1984), and several other attempts are in preparation (R. J. Hanlon, G. V. Hurley, M. R. Clarke & R. L. Radtke, personal communications).

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39

Lacueva Muñoz, Jaime J., Mario Andrés González Inostroza, and Gabriel Mellado Cavieres. "Neoliberalismo y crisis: El Mercurio de Valparaíso y la pérdida del tejido empresarial regional (1981-1983)." Memorias 46 (February 25, 2022): 160–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.46.303.6.

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La línea editorial del grupo El Mercurio estuvo definida desde mitad del siglo XX por una defensa del liberalismo económico como alternativa al modelo de desarrollo basado en la industrialización sustitutiva de importaciones. Cuando la dictadura de Pinochet aplicó su terapia de shock para reestructurar la economía chilena, los diarios del grupo elogiaron los resultados del llamado “milagro económico” como uno de sus principales logros. Sin embargo, las políticas neoliberales de los Chicago Boys tuvieron un efecto negativo en diferentes sectores productivos, especialmente en la región de Valparaíso, que contaba con una larga tradición industrial. El punto de inflexión llegó con la quiebra de la compañía Refinería de Azúcar de Viña del Mar (CRAV), una de las principales empresas del país, estrechamente vinculada con los grupos empresariales emergentes y con altos funcionarios del gobierno. La devaluación, la crisis financiera nacional y los efectos de la crisis de la deuda externa latinoamericana deterioraron progresivamente la situación económica del empresariado regional y de su amplia masa de lectores. Este trabajo aborda cómo El Mercurio de Valparaíso afrontó la contradicción entre su identificación con la dictadura y su modelo económico y los efectos del desmantelamiento del tejido empresarial de la región, adaptando la línea del grupo editorial a las circunstancias regionales para evitar que el cuestionamiento de la política económica debilitara los apoyos sociales del régimen. Para ello se analiza exhaustivamente el tratamiento editorial e informativo de la crisis en el diario, contrastado con el de otros medios oficialistas y de oposición.

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40

Kemp, D. J., R. L. Coppel, H. D. Stahl, A. E. Bianco, L. M. Corcoran, P. McIntyre, C. J. Langford, et al. "The Wellcome Trust Lecture: Genes for antigens ofPlasmodium falciparum." Parasitology 92, S1 (January 1986): S83—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000085711.

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Sporozoites ofP. falciparumand other Plasmodia appear to be fairly simple antigenically, in that there is a dominant antigen, the circumsporozoite (CS) protein that forms the sporozoite surface coat (Potocnjak, Yoshida, Nussenzweig & Nussensweig, 1980; Santoroet al.1983). Consequently, the CS protein and the gene encoding it have now been studied in considerable detail (Elliset al.1983; Godsonet al.1983; Ozakiet al.1983; Dameet al.1984; Eneaet al.1984). In contrast to sporozoites, the asexual blood stagesof P. falciparumare antigenically complex. Two-dimensional gel analyses of immunoprecipitated, biosynthetically labelled antigens indicate that repeated infection withP. falciparumresults in the synthesis of antibodies against a large number of distinct antigens (Perrin & Dayal, 1982; Brownet al.1981, 1983). In further contrast to the sporozoite, the asexual blood stages of differentP. falciparumisolates exhibit a high degree of antigenic heterogeneity (Brownet al.1983; Hallet al.1983; McBride, Walliker & Morgan, 1982). Much of this antigenic diversity is no doubt due to allelic differences but clonal populations of parasites may also have the capacity to undergo antigenic variation (Hommel, David & Oligino, 1983).

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Bowie, M. A., J. D. Layes, and M. E. Demont. "DAMPING IN THE HINGE OF THE SCALLOP PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS." Journal of Experimental Biology 175, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.175.1.311.

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The family Pectinaceae are the only bivalves that have been well documented as swimmers (DeMont, 1992), although Ensis minor has been observed to swim (McMahon and McMahon, 1983). The behaviour was once regarded only as an escape response (Gade, 1981; McMahon and McMahon, 1983), but some studies suggest seasonal migrations are involved (Gruffydd, 1976; DeMont, 1990). DeMont (1990) suggests that they swim at the natural frequency of the shell-hinge system for more efficient use of energy.

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42

Green, C. F., and J. D. Ivins. "Time of sowing and the yield of winter wheat." Journal of Agricultural Science 104, no. 1 (February 1985): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600043185.

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Research conducted on sowing dates for wheat shows a trend towards increased yield as sowing is advanced (U.K.: Walker, 1980; Bingham et al. 1983; the Netherlands: Darwinkel, Hag & Kuizenga, 1977; Canada: Nass et al.1975; Briggs & Aytenfisu, 1979). In a review of the influence of drilling time on winter wheat in the U.K. McLean (1981) suggested October planting as the optimum. However, sowing before this time often results in increased yield (Bingham et al.1983).

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Reis, Leonardo Pequeno, Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto Torres, Agostinho Lopes de Souza, Lucas José Mazzei de Freitas, Pamella Carolline Marques dos Reis Reis, Liniker Fernandes da Silva, and Rodrigo Vieira Leite. "PROGNOSE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO DIAMÉTRICA POR MATRIZ DE TRANSIÇÃO EM FLORESTA APÓS COLHEITA NO LESTE DA AMAZÔNIA." Ciência Florestal 28, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509832083.

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No manejo florestal é importante projetar a distribuição diamétrica ao longo do ciclo de corte para subsidiar as técnicas silviculturais mais adequadas à estrutura da floresta. O objetivo do trabalho foi projetar a distribuição diamétrica ao longo do ciclo de corte utilizando Matriz de Transição Markoviana. Em 1979 foi realizada a colheita seletiva, com intensidade de 72,5 m3 ha-1, em uma área de 64 ha, na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Pará. Em 1981 foram instaladas, aleatoriamente, 36 parcelas permanentes de 50 m x 50 m medidas sucessivamente em 1982, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1992, 1997, 2007, 2010 e 2012. Para a projeção foram usadas duas matrizes de transição: uma com intervalo de tempo de um ano (1981 a 1982) e outra de dois anos (1981 a 1983). Todas as projeções apresentaram distribuição diamétrica em forma de “J” invertido, com pequena descontinuidade no último ano (2012). Houve aderência da distribuição diamétrica a 5% de significância entre os dados observados e estimados até aos 11 anos de projeção. A matriz de transição pode ser usada para projetar a distribuição diamétrica após a colheita em pequenos períodos de tempo após a colheita florestal.

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Fry, Richard P. W. "Night sedation in the admission wards of a psychiatric hospital." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 4 (April 1989): 184–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.4.184.

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Since their introduction in the 1960s, benzodiazepine drugs have been widely prescribed for anxiety states and insomnia. Despite the initial hopes for these drugs being non-addictive and not producing tolerance, recent work has shown that there is a well defined withdrawal syndrome (Hallstrom & Lader, 1981; Petursson & Lader, 1981; Tyrer et al, 1981; Tyrer et al, 1983) and that tolerance has also been shown to occur (Aranko et al, 1983; Aranko et al, 1985). There has been widespread concern about these effects. The British National Formulary advocates that “used as hypnotics routine prescribing especially in hospitals is undesirable, and ideally they should be reserved for short courses of treatment in the acutely distressed” and that they should be discontinued as soon as possible. Indeed the Royal College of Psychiatrists' statement on benzodiazepine prescribing and the Committee on Safety of Medicines have recommended that their use as hypnotics should be considered only when the condition is severe, disabling or subjecting the individual to extreme distress. Tyrer & Murphy (1987) have recommended that these drugs are best used for no longer than two weeks in regular dosage.

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Fisher, J. P., and W. G. Pearcy. "Growth of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) off Oregon and Washington, USA, in Years of Differing Coastal Upwelling." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1036–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-127.

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Estimated growth rates, condition, and stomach fullness of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) caught in the ocean in early summer, when mortality was most variable, were as high in 1983 and 1984, years of very low survival and low early upwelling, as in 1981, 1982, and 1985, years of higher survival and higher early upwelling. Chronic food shortage leading to starvation, poor condition, or slow growth apparently was not the cause of the increased mortality of juvenile coho salmon in 1983 and 1984. Survival of juvenile coho salmon was positively correlated with purse seine catches of fish in June and with early summer upwelling, 1981–85. Hence, year-class success probably was determined early in the summer, soon after most juvenile coho salmon entered the ocean. Spacing of the first five ocean circuli, which was positively correlated with growth rate, was not significantly different for fish caught early in the summer and those caught late in the summer, suggesting that growth rate selective mortality in the ocean was not strong. The increase in mortality in 1983 and 1984 may have been caused by increased predation on juvenile coho salmon due to decreased numbers of alternative prey for predators.

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46

Seaward, M. R. D., C. Hambler, and A. Aptroot. "Bryophytes and Lichens of Aldabra." Bryophyte Diversity and Evolution 12, no. 1 (December 31, 1996): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/bde.12.1.6.

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Collections of bryophytes and lichens made during expeditions to Aldabra in 1981 and 1983 are reported: in all, two hepatics, three mosses and eleven lichens, of which thirteen are new to Aldabra, have been determined from a variety of substrata.

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Ferrandez-Reinisch, Anne-Marie. "Brief-Report: The Acquisition of Inverse Proportionality: A Training Experiment." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 16, no. 2 (March 1985): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.16.2.0132.

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School children often experience difficulty in mastering the concept of proportionality (Hart, 1981; Inhelder & Piaget, 1970; Noelting, 1980a, 1980b, 1983; Piaget, 1946; Vergnaud, 1980, 1983). Its development results from the quantification of a two-fold qualitative relation (lnhelder & Piaget, 1970; Sinclair, 1968). Vergnaud (1980) and Karplus, Pulos, and Stage (1983a, 1983b) have studied the distinction between two types of relationships (within and between) among variables, and Vergnaud and Ricco (1977) have observed the between comparison to be more “natural.”

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48

Graham, John D. "A Future for Federal Regulatory Budgeting?" Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 11, no. 1 (2020): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bca.2019.36.

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For decades, a strong case has been made for comprehensive reform of the U.S. federal government’s regulatory processes (for early contributions, see Weidenbaum & DeFina, 1978; Lave, 1981; Breyer, 1982; Harrison & Portney, 1983; Litan & Nordhaus, 1983; Viscusi, 1992; Breyer, 1993; Sunstein, 1996; Graham, 1996, 1997). Establishment of centralized Office of Management and Budget (OMB) oversight through the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) was an important achievement, but Congress has not yet passed comprehensive regulatory reform legislation.

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Weisser, P. J., A. K. Whitfield, and C. M. Hall. "The recovery and dynamics of submerged aquatic macrophyte vegetation in the Wilderness lakes, southern Cape." Bothalia 22, no. 2 (October 14, 1992): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v22i2.851.

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Between 1979 and 1981, the submerged aquatic macrophyte vegetation in the Wilderness lakes died back significantly, and in some areas disappeared altogether. This study documents the senescent phase and describes the recovery of the plant populations between May 1982 and May 1983. In two lakes, namely Langvlei and Eilandvlei, the plant biomass approximately doubled between the winters of 1982 and 1983. Seasonal changes in species composition are documented and possible factors accounting for the collapse and recovery of the plant populations are discussed.

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Pazwash, Hormoz, and Gus Mavrigian. "The Contributions of Karaji—Successor to al-Khwarizmi." Mathematics Teacher 79, no. 7 (October 1986): 538–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.79.7.0538.

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It is enlightening to notice an increasing number of historical notes on the development of mathematics and to realize their pedagogical value in the classroom (Arndt 1983; Campbell 1977; Flusser 1981; Swetz 1984), Truly, mathematics without historical connotations loses its greatness and realism.

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Journal articles on the topic '1981-1983'

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