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Journal articles on the topic '1950-1965'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Wolffram, D. J. "J.P. Zwemer, Zeeland 1950-1965." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 122, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.6587.

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2

BUD, Robert. "Bioengineering in Britain:1950–1965." Transactions of the Newcomen Society 64, no. 1 (January 1992): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/tns.1992.003.

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3

Margolin, Jean-Louis. "Heirs to World Culture, 1950-1965 – Being Indonesian 1950-1965, Jennifer Lindsay & Maya H.T. Liem, éd." Moussons, no. 24 (December 1, 2014): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/moussons.3169.

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Karel, Erwin H. "Jan P. Zwemer (ed.), Zeeland 1950-1965." Tijdschrift voor Sociale en Economische Geschiedenis/ The Low Countries Journal of Social and Economic History 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2006): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/tseg.698.

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5

Wicaksono, Galih Agung. "GERAKAN KIRI DI YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 1950-1965." Walasuji : Jurnal Sejarah dan Budaya 11, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 273–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.36869/wjsb.v11i2.151.

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6

شوقي, ايمان. "علاقات مصر وألمانيا الغربية الاتحادية(1950- 1965)م." بحوث 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/buhuth.2021.129648.

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7

Brockhouse, B. N. "The development of slow neutron spectroscopy: 1950–1965." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 52, a1 (August 8, 1996): C7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767396098728.

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8

Choi, Hyungmee. "Politics of Intersectionality in Indonesia Women’s Movements: Gerwani(1950-1965)." Journal of Asian Women 58, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 167–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.14431/jaw.2019.08.58.2.167.

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9

Weintraub, Andrew. "Music and Malayness: Orkes Melayu in Indonesia. 1950-1965." Archipel 79, no. 1 (2010): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arch.2010.4160.

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10

Zanca, José A. "La cristiandad cuestionada: intelectuales católicos en Argentina (1950-1965)." Intellèctus 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 26–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/intellectus.2018.39086.

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Desde el atardecer del papado de Pío XII a la finalización del Concilio Vaticano II, el catolicismo vivió una autentica revolución interna. El trabajo propone analizar la trayectoria de los discursos de la intelectualidad católica argentina en las décadas del cincuenta y sesenta, y las condiciones que hicieron posible ese cambio. El período conciliar fue capaz de modificar el sistema de relaciones al interior del catolicismo y las formas de sanción y legitimidad de los discursos en el campo: lo decible y no decible sufrió una transformación radical. Temas como el rol de los laicos, el pluralismo, el diálogo ecuménico, la relación Iglesia - Estado, etc., formaron las coordenadas de ese intenso debate.
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11

FENG, Lin. "U.S. Assistance to Taiwan (1950–1965), by Du Jidong." Journal of Modern Chinese History 7, no. 2 (December 2013): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2013.780486.

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12

Horowicz, Kari E. "BAY AREA FIGURATIVE ART: 1950–1965. Caroline A. Jones." Art Documentation: Journal of the Art Libraries Society of North America 9, no. 4 (December 1990): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/adx.9.4.27948288.

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13

Lipstadt, D. E. "AMERICA AND THE MEMORY OF THE HOLOCAUST, 1950-1965." Modern Judaism 16, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 195–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mj/16.3.195.

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14

Blackburn, Kevin. "The ‘consumers’ ethic’ of Australian advertising agencies 1950–1965." Journal of Australian Studies 16, no. 32 (March 1992): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14443059209387088.

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15

Ardini, Ni Wayan, I. Komang Darmayuda, and Ricky Irawan. "Musik Popular Bali 1950-1965 dalam Dinamika Kebudayaan Nasional." Journal of Music Science, Technology, and Industry 3, no. 2 (October 21, 2020): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31091/jomsti.v3i2.1154.

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Purpose: This research discusses the development of popular music in Bali and its relation to national cultural issues in the 1950-1965 period. Research methods: This research uses the theoretical framework of historical ethnomusicology and emphasizes the verstehen method to understand the meaning of music. Beside the documentary study, the collecting technique of this research uses some interviews with the musical practitioner, historian, and cultural expert. Results and discussion: Keroncong, which popular during that period, was not only an aesthetic expression in the realm of music but it is also a manifesto of Indonesianess, that they are part of Indonesian society. Implication: How to become Indonesian in the realm of music was interpreted differently in that period.
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16

Robinson, Geoffrey. "The Economic Foundations of Political Conflict in Bali, 1950-1965." Indonesia 54 (October 1992): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3351165.

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17

Ahmet, MAKAL. "TÜRKiYE-DE 1950-1965 DÖNEMiNDE ÜCRETLi KADıN EMEGiNE iLişKiN GELişMELER." Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 56, no. 2 (2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/sbfder_0000001830.

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18

Wilkins, F. C. "Beyond Bandung: The Critical Nationalism of Lorraine Hansberry, 1950-1965." Radical History Review 2006, no. 95 (April 1, 2006): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2006-95-191.

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19

Azizah, Nurul. "Corry Van Stenus, Perempuan dalam Perjuangan Abdul Qahhar Mudzakkar 1950-1965." Rihlah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan 8, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/rihlah.v8i1.11582.

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20

Onusko, James. "Childhood in Calgary’s Postwar Suburbs: Kids, Bullets, and Boom, 1950–1965." Urban History Review 43, no. 2 (March 2015): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/uhr.43.02.02.

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21

van Vroonhoven, Th J. M. V. "The early years of vascular surgery in the Netherlands (1950–1965)." European Journal of Vascular Surgery 8, no. 5 (September 1994): 529–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-821x(05)80585-7.

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22

Whisnant, Clayton J. "Styles of Masculinity in the West German Gay Scene, 1950-1965." Central European History 39, no. 3 (September 2006): 359–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938906000136.

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Since the end of the 1990s, the study of masculinity within German scholarship has made considerable progress, especially in moving beyond the close association made between German manhood and militarism.1 While the figure of the soldier remains crucial for an understanding of masculinity in Germany (as well as the rest of the Western world) during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, scholars have increasingly recognized that any culture includes multiple definitions and representations of manhood—even one so thoroughly saturated by the figure of the soldier as Germany was during the Nazi era.2 Increasingly, the goal of research has been to uncover how masculinity is not only represented in official discourse, but also constructed through social interaction and “performed,” to use Judith Butler's term, in the context of everyday life. Moreover, this research has increasingly taken into account “the relations between the different kinds of masculinity,” in the words of the sociologist Robert Connell—especially the relationships of power.3 In short, recent work has increasingly recognized that the meanings of manhood are constructed within a complicated socio-cultural matrix of gender whose points of reference include not only women and cultural definitions of femininity, but also various versions of masculinity that themselves very often reflect class distinctions and other kinds of social fissures.
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23

PRATTEN, CLIFF, and AUBREY SILBERSTON. "INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY, 1950-1965." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 29, no. 4 (May 1, 2009): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1967.mp29004003.x.

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24

Ahmad, Taufik. "MENGAIL DI AIR KERUH: GERAKAN PKI DI SULAWESI SELATAN 1950-1965." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v6i2.201.

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AbstrakArtikel ini dimaksudkan untuk menjelaskan gerakan PKI di Sulawesi Selatan tahun 1950 sampai 1965. Pokok persoalan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana dinamika gerakan PKI di tengah buruknya situasi politik dan keamanan regional? Apakah terdapat interelasi hubungan yang dinamis dan saling memberi pengaruh antara PKI dengan kelompok politik lainnya? Bagaimana PKI mengimbangi kekuatan-kekuatan lokal sehingga mampu bertahan sebelum kehancurannya tahun 1965? Penelitian ini penting untuk melihat perubahan dan hubungan kekuasaan di tengah dinamika politik di daerah Sulawesi Selatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah kritis dengan melakukan analisis sumber dokumentasi dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa munculnya pemberontakan DT/II Kahar Muzakkar dan Permesta memengaruhi ritme gerakan PKI. PKI tidak dapat mengembangkan organisasinya di daerah pedalaman karena penetrasi DI/TII di daerah pedalaman menyebarkan agitasi bahwa PKI anti agama. Sementara di daerah kota, PKI mendapat tantangan dari militer dan elit birokrat yang umumnya dikuasai oleh bangsawan. Akibatnya, PKI gagal mendapatkan dukungan di Sulawesi Selatan pada pemilu 1955. Setelah DI/TII dan Permesta ditumpas gerakan PKI berkembang pesat dan mendapat dukungan luas dari para petani. Terdapat interelasi hubungan yang dinamis, berfluktiatif, saling memberi pengaruh antara PKI dengan kelompok politik lain dari satu periode ke periode lainnya. AbstractThis article is intended to explain PKI movement in South Sulawesi in 1950 – 1965. The main subject in this research is to know how the dynamics of the movement of the PKI in the middle of the bad political situation and regional security. Is there any dynamic interrelation relationship and mutual influence between the PKI with other political group? How does PKI offset local forces so that they can withstand before its destruction in 1965? This reasearch is important to overview the changes and the power relations in the middle of dynamics politics of South Sulawesi. The research method that is used in this rearch is critical history method with doing documentation source analysis and in depth interview. The result found that the rebellion of DT/II of Kahar Muzzakars and Permesta affected the rhytm of PKI movement. PKI could not evolve the organization in rural areas because of the penetration of DI / TII in the countryside that was spreading anti-religious agitation of PKI. Meanwhile in the city, PKI got challenged from the military and elite bureaucrats who were generally dominated by nobles. As a result, PKI failed to gain support in the South Sulawesi in 1955 elections. After DI / TII and Permesta exterminated, the PKI movement was growing rapidly and had a wide support from the peasants. There is a dynamic relationship interrelation, fluctuating, mutual influence between PKI with other political groups from one period to another period.
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25

Onusko, James. "Childhood in Calgary’s Postwar Suburbs: Kids, Bullets, and Boom, 1950–1965." Articles 43, no. 2 (June 23, 2015): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1031288ar.

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Suburban living has become the definitive housing choice for a large majority of North Americans since the end of the Second World War. A longstanding image of the postwar suburbs highlights a stable and undifferentiated experience for young Canadians. Much of the popular and scholarly literature on these spaces tends to portray them as exclusively middle class, homogeneous, conformist, conservative, and alienating. While Canadian suburbia has appeared similar in outward appearance, increasingly more so in the postwar era, this has not necessarily meant that the suburbs have created total homogenization in the built environment, lifestyles, attitudes, and values of their inhabitants. Suburbs embody substantial economic, political, and cultural power in North America. In the past two decades a more nuanced response from academics on suburbia has emerged, in that some diversity, on several levels, is now noted. This article builds on this alternate view. I argue that young suburbanites were exposed to aggressive imagery, discursive constructs, and everyday practices in an attempt to discipline them for possible military service, ongoing participation in civilian defence, and that they internalized much of this. The resulting general atmosphere prepared them to engage “enemies,” under the auspices of the Cold War that lay both within, and outside, postwar childhood spaces. Evidence is based on oral histories, images produced for children, newspaper editorials, and the school-based literature and art that suburban students created.
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26

Yoo, Im-ha. "On the Birth of Zainich[Korean Residents in Japan] Sports Community and Reformation of East-Asia Network(1950-1965)." Journal of Japanology 50 (May 31, 2020): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21442/djs.2020.50.02.

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27

Popov, V. S. "On the Luminosity Function of Elliptical Galaxies." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 127 (1987): 461–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900185742.

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Originally the luminosity function of galaxies was derived by E. Hubble (1936). Later studies are by Holmberg (1950), Zwicky (1957, 1964), Kiang (1961), Neyman and Scott (1962), Van den Bergh (1961), Pskovsky (1965), Nezhinsky and Osipkov (1967, 1969), Genkina (1969), Popov (1980), Tammann (1984), and others.
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28

Zanca, José A. "El asedio a la cristiandad. Intelectuales católicos y sociedad (1950-1965)." Anuario de Estudios Americanos 63, no. 1 (June 30, 2006): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/aeamer.2006.v63.i1.5.

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29

Fadli, Muhammad Rijal, and Dyah Kumalasari. "Sistem Pendidikan Indonesia Pada Masa Orde Lama (Periode 1945-1966)." AGASTYA: JURNAL SEJARAH DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA 9, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/ajsp.v9i2.4168.

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<p>Artikel ini membahas tentang sistem pendidikan masa Orde Lama dimana pendidikan masa ini dimulai dari Periode 1945-1950 dan Periode 1950-1966. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode History (Sejarah) dengan tahapan-tahapan: Heuristik, Kritik sumber (kritik intern dan kritik ekstern), Interpretasi dan Historiografi. Hasil kajian membahas bahwa pendidikan pada masa Orde Lama diharapkan mampu menentukan tujuan pendidikan Indonesia ke arah yang lebih jelas dan maju. Dengan tujuan pendidikan jelas maka bisa mengarahkan ke pencapaian kompetensi-kompetensi yang dibutuhkan serta metode pembelajaran yang kondusif dan efektif. Berdasarkan tujuan tersebut pada masa Orde Lama banyak dikeluarkannya kebijakan-kebijakan di dalam bidang pendidikan yang digunakan untuk merencanakan dan mengatur pendidikan. Pasca kemerdekaan pendidikan Indonesia berlandaskan pada Pancasila dan UUD 1945, salah satunya terdapat pada pasal 31 UUD 1945 telah mengatur mengenai sistem pendidikan nasional. Tahun-tahun selanjutnya ditetapkan juga tentang pendidikan nasional yang diatur dalam UU No. 4/1950 yang kemudian disempurnakan (jo) menjadi UU No. 12/1954 tentang dasar-dasar pendidikan dan pengajaran di sekolah. Pada 1961 diatur UU No. 22/1961 tentang Pendidikan Tinggi, dilanjutkan dengan UU No.14/1965 tentang Majelis Pendidikan Nasional, dan UU No. 19/1965 tentang Pokok-Pokok Sitem Pendidikan Nasional Pancasila.</p>
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30

Tillotson, Shirley. ""When Our Membership Awakens": Welfare Work and Canadian Union Activism, 1950-1965." Labour / Le Travail 40 (1997): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25144166.

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31

Jackson, Iain, Ola Uduku, Irene Appeaning Addo, and Rexford Assasie Opong. "The Volta River Project: planning, housing and resettlement in Ghana, 1950–1965." Journal of Architecture 24, no. 4 (May 19, 2019): 512–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602365.2019.1643389.

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32

Whyte, Jayne Melville. "Visiting the Mentally Ill: Volunteer Visitors at Saskatchewan Hospital, Weyburn 1950-1965." Histoire sociale/Social history 44, no. 88 (2011): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/his.2011.0013.

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Fialho, Lia Machado Fiuza, and Vitória Chérida Costa Freire. "Educação formativa de uma líder política cearense: Maria Luiza Fontenele (1950-1965)." Cadernos de História da Educação 17, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/che-v17n2-2018-5.

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O trabalho objetiva compreender o processo formativo na educação familiar, primária, secundária e universitária, bem como a inserção política (1950-1965) de Maria Luiza Fontenele, professora, educadora, política – a primeira mulher prefeita de uma capital brasileira – a cidade de Fortaleza-Ceará. Visando a esse alcance, utiliza-se a metodologia da História Oral no gênero biográfico (MEIHY; HOLANDA, 2007) para a coleta das entrevistas livres e a análise das narrativas. Constata-se que o curso formativo de Maria Luiza Fontenele começa com a alfabetização, em casa, com professora leiga, prosseguindo com a educação primária e secundária, respectivamente, no Colégio Sagrado Coração de Jesus e Colégio Nossa Senhora de Lurdes, com ideário mariano. A educação secundária, no Liceu do Ceará, ocorreu em concomitância com a formação política iniciada no Grêmio Estudantil e na Juventude Estudantil Católica. A educação superior na Universidade Federal do Ceará, no curso de Serviço Social, favoreceu-lhe o engajamento no Movimento Estudantil e a atuação sociopolítica, em especial na comunidade do Pirambu.Palavras-chave: Formação escolar. Formação política. Educação de Mulheres.AbstractThis paper aims to understand Maria Luiza Fontenele’s educational process firstly within her family, later in primary and secondary institutions, and lastly at university, along with her political insertion (1950-1965). Maria Luiza Fontenele is a teacher, an educator and a politician: the first female mayor of a state capital in Brazil, specifically Fortaleza, in Ceará. Thus, the methodology is based on the biographical genre of Oral History (MEIHY; HOLANDA, 2007) for the collection of open interviews and the analysis of narratives. We conclude that Maria Luiza Fontenele’s education began with literacy at home with a lay teacher, and continued with primary and secondary education, respectively, at “Colégio Sagrado Coração de Jesus” and “Colégio Nossa Senhora de Lurdes”, with Marian ideals. Secondary education, at “Liceu do Ceará”, took place in concomitance with her political education initiated at the Student Guildand the Young Catholic Students. Her higher education studies in Social Work, at the “Universidade Federal do Ceará”, enabled her engagement in the Student Movement and her social and political activities, especially in Pirambu.Keywords: School education. Political education. Women education.ResumenEl trabajo tiene como objetivo comprender el proceso formativo en la educación familiar, primaria, secundaria y universitaria, así como la inserción política (1950-1965) de Maria Luiza Fontenele, profesora, educadora y política –la primera alcaldesa de una capital brasileña, Fortaleza, en la provincia de Ceará. En este sentido, se utiliza la metodología de la Historia Oral en el género biográfico (MEIHY, HOLANDA, 2007) para la recolección de las entrevistas libres y el análisis de las narrativas. Se constata que el curso formativo de Maria Luiza Fontenele comenzó con la alfabetización, en su casa, con una profesora lega, siguiendo con la educación primaria y secundaria, respectivamente, en los colegios “Sagrado Coração de Jesus” y “Nossa Senhora de Lurdes”, con ideario mariano. La educación secundaria, en “Liceu do Ceará”, tuvo lugar junto con su formación política, iniciada en el Gremio Estudiantil y en la Juventud Estudiantil Católica. La educación superior la tuvo en la “Universidade Federal do Ceará”, en el curso de Trabajo Social, que le favoreció el compromiso con el Movimiento Estudiantil y con la actuación sociopolítica, principalmente en Pirambu.Palabras clave: Formación escolar. Formación política. Educación de mujeres.
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Carpio, Genevieve G. "Philanthropic (Dis)Trust and the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement, 1950–1965." Western Historical Quarterly 47, no. 3 (May 6, 2016): 303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/whq/whw051.

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35

Bowen, Dawn S. "Preserving Tradition, Confronting Progress: Social Change in a Mennonite Community, 1950–1965." American Review of Canadian Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1995): 53–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02722019509481786.

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36

Ahmet, MAKAL. "TÜRKiYE'DE 1950-1965 DÖNEMiNDE TARIM KESiMiNDE işGÜCÜ VE ÜCRETLi EMEGE iLişKiN GELişMELER." Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi 56, no. 3 (2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/sbfder_0000001839.

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37

Perea Siller, Francisco Javier. "La neutralización en la Fonología española (1950–1965) de Emilio Alarcos Llorach." Romance Philology 67, no. 1 (March 2013): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rph.1.103930.

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38

Fauri, Francesca. "The “Economic Miracle” and Italy’s Chemical Industry, 1950-1965: A Missed Opportunity." Enterprise & Society 1, no. 2 (June 2000): 279–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/1.2.279.

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The chemical industry was a leading sector in Italy’s “economic miracle,” but after remarkable growth in the 1950s, it declined in the next decade. Montecatini rose to a dominant position in inorganic chemicals and fertilizers in the 1950s, but its quasi-monopoly of traditional chemicals was soon challenged, first by the state-owned Eni and then by Edison, one of Italy’s giant electric power companies, which was diversifying into new sectors. The “chemical wars” of the late 1950s and early 1960s pitted the three companies against one another, as they competed for state support by building plants in Italy’s underdeveloped south, often with little commercial rationale. Although the “war” was finally resolved by a merger of Montecatini and Edison, the new company failed to achieve internal rationalization or to develop advanced chemical products. By the 1970s the sector was in disarray, and the opportunities of Italy’s rapid postwar development in chemicals had been squandered.
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39

Griswold, R. L. ""Russian Blonde in Space": Soviet Women in the American Imagination, 1950-1965." Journal of Social History 45, no. 4 (April 3, 2012): 881–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shr147.

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40

Sheridan, Tom. "Public image of a cartel: the Australia/UK-Continental conference, 1950-1965." Australian Economic History Review 34, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 24–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aehr.342002.

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Niss, Martin. "History of the Lenz–Ising Model 1950–1965: from irrelevance to relevance." Archive for History of Exact Sciences 63, no. 3 (December 6, 2008): 243–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00407-008-0039-5.

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42

Hammill, Faye. "Jet Age Hotels and the International Style 1950–1965 by Bruce Peter." Modernism/modernity 28, no. 2 (2021): 396–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mod.2021.0029.

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43

Siwiec, Tadeusz, Lidia Kiedryńska, Klaudia Abramowicz, Aleksandra Rewicka, and Piotr Nowak. "BOD measuring and modelling methods - review." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation 43, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10060-008-0100-8.

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BOD measuring and modelling methods - reviewThe article presents the method of measuring BOD in wastewater and characteristic different models which can by used for describing changes of BOD in next days. In the paper described eight models: Moore et al. (1950), Thomas (1950), Navone (1960), Fujimoto (1964), Hewitt et al. (1979), Adrian and Sanders (1992-1993) as well as Young and Clark (1965) used by Adrian and Sanders (1998), Borsuk and Stow (2000) and Manson et al. (2006). Comparison the models suggests that changing of BOD during the time are better describes by models second order or double exponential model (Manson et al. 2006) than models the first order.
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44

Scheraga, Carl, and John E. Calfee. "The Industry Effects of Information and Regulation in the Cigarette Market: 1950–1965." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 15, no. 2 (September 1996): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569601500204.

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The authors investigate the historical effects of information and advertising regulation in the cigarette market. Their method is a series of event analyses, which examines patterns of stock returns of major cigarette sellers during six crucial event periods in the years between 1950 and 1965. They find that the “cancer scare” of 1950, the episode of fear advertising in 1953–54, and the 1962 report by the British Royal College of Physicians adversely affected the market valuations of the companies; however, the 1964 Surgeon General's report and subsequent labeling laws had no significant effect on the stock returns. They also find that the cessation of fear advertising, coincident with FTC policy guides prohibiting such claims, and the FTC-engineered ban on tar and nicotine advertising brought recovery in stock returns, but favored large firms over small firms.
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45

Aubert, Gabriel. "Les mécanismes d'application de la Charte sociale européenne." Les Cahiers de droit 26, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042674ar.

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Less well known than its predecessor the 1950 European Convention on Human Rights, the European Social Charter that came into force in October 1965 is no less a fundamental piece of European international law that is of interest to evaluate. Perhaps precisely because of the nature of its object, the Charter, as it would seem, has operational and concrete application difficulties that the Convention does not have.
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46

Sapir, Jacques. "Conflits sociaux et fluctuations économiques en URSS : l'exemple de la période 1950-1965." Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 40, no. 4 (August 1985): 737–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1985.283202.

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L'économie occupe une place importante dans les études historiques consacrées à l'URSS. Sans doute est-ce dû à la fois au « projet » soviétique et au fait que l'histoire de l'URSS a été celle du passage d'une économie agricole à une économie industrielle. Aussi n'est-il pas surprenant qu'elle soit un lieu de rencontre privilégié pour historiens et économistes.Pourtant cette approche pluridisciplinaire se fait souvent dans un cadre particulier : celui de la soumission des évolutions économiques aux décisions d'une direction politique, parfois collective, souvent réduite à un individu. Faut-il préciser que si l'économie soviétique était une « économie obéissante », elle ne saurait intéresser l'économiste. Si les fluctuations y sont le pur reflet des tempêtes politiques et idéologiques, alors cédons la place à des disciplines plus compétentes. Travailler sur l'URSS, pour un économiste, implique ce postulat : les mouvements de l'économie soviétique sont, pour une part au moins, autonomes à l'égard du monde politique.
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47

Fakih, Farabi. "Strategies of Rent Seeking during The Sukarno Period: Foreigners and Corruption, 1950–1965." Lembaran Sejarah 13, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.33523.

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This articles tries to analyze the corruption strategy that was becoming institutionalized during the Liberal Democracy (1950-1957) and Guided Democracy (1957-1965) period and how the state dealt with these challenges through managerial strategies. Corruption here is seen as a discourse that are often used by new state elite entrant to discredit old elites, especially those with connection to the financial or economic policy makers. The position of foreigners here are central because they provide opportunities for asset transfer or the creation of new assets. By looking at the financial transition from Liberal Democracy to Guided Democracy, the forms of transfer or asset production through corruption or collusion could be discerned.
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48

Landers, Daniel M. "Sport Psychology: The Formative Years, 1950–1980." Sport Psychologist 9, no. 4 (December 1995): 406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.9.4.406.

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From 1950 to 1980, the field of sport psychology made significant strides. The developments were so rapid and so profound that this period can be called the “formative” years of the field. There was a tremendous expansion of the sport psychology literature, some of which constituted sustained contributions on a single research topic. Several textbooks and specialty books were published during this time period. Sport psychology journal articles expanded so much that journals devoted entirely to sport psychology research were created. The first graduate programs and research societies that focused more directly on sport psychology were also established. Applied sport psychology techniques, such as relaxation, imagery, and concentration training, were developed and made available to athletes. In addition to providing a description of the above-mentioned developments, some insights into dominant research methodology trends will be presented for the time periods of 1950 to 1965 and from 1966 to 1980.
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49

Silva, Claiton Marcio da, and Carla Aparecida Rigo. "Da conciliação trabalhista à resistência brizolista: o Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) na região Oeste de Santa Catarina (1950-1965)." Revista Cadernos do Ceom 32, no. 50 (June 5, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22562/2019.50.04.

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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o surgimento da influência de Leonel de Moura Brizola na política de Chapecó/SC entre 1950 e 1965. Neste sentido, este artigo aborda o período compreendido entre o surgimento do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) e sua atuação conciliadora ao longo da década de 1950, até o crescimento da influência de Brizola em nível nacional enquanto um dos símbolos da resistência política através da “Campanha da Legalidade” e a criação do “Grupo dos Onze Companheiros”. A violência – física ou simbólica – é o fio condutor desta narrativa, argumentando como a história política local foi permeada pela perseguição aos grupos trabalhistas – também considerados “comunistas” por parte de grupos conservadores. Se em 1950 a influência conciliadora de Getúlio Vargas (pós-Estado Novo) ou de Alberto Pasqualini forneceu a linha do partido, ao final daquela década, uma nova geração de jovens na região Oeste de Santa Catarina adentrou na vida política tendo Brizola – e seus “admiráveis discursos”, que alcançavam a região através da rádio – como referência.
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50

Ramadhan, Syahri, and Saefur Rochmat. "MEDANESE NOVEL: HISTORY OF LITERATURES IN MEDAN CITY (1930—1965)/ROMAN MEDAN: SEJARAH KARYA SASTRA DI KOTA MEDAN (1930—1965)." Aksara 33, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v33i1.545.39-56.

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AbstractThis study aims to explain the history of the Medanese novels chronologically, starting from the development of the Medanese novels in the Dutch colonialism period to the old order, and the impact of Medanese novels to people in Medan. The sources of data are Medanese novels published from 1930 to 1965. Method used in this study was historic method studied through four stages as follows: (1) heuristic (to collect sources); (2) verification of data (to test validity of data); (3) interpretation; (4) historiography (writing). The data were analyzed by diachronic approach as a method in the length of time, but limited in space. The results of this study indicated that development of Medanese novels in Dutch colony time (from 1912 to 1942) experienced speedily progressing. Medanese novels were on its peak in 1930, until the term flood of romance emerged which was marked by the number of romances published. Medanese novels could compete against novels published by Balai Pustaka, a publisher previously established by the government of the Dutch colonialism. However, at time of the Japanese occupation (from 1942 to 1945), the Medanese novels experienced decreasing, even lost from distribution, and from early independence (from 1945 to 1950) to old order (from 1950 to 1966), the Medanese novels raised again, but the existence was unlike the previous. Moreover, the Medanese novels writing had impacts on social life in Medan, such as politic, education, social, and culture. Keywords: Medanese novels, history, literature, Medan AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sejarah perkembangan roman Medan secara kronologis, yang dimulai dari perkembangan roman Medan pada masa kolonial Belanda hingga orde lama, serta dampak penulisan roman Medan bagi masyarakat kota Medan. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah roman Medan terbitan tahun 1930—1965. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu metode sejarah yang dikaji melalui empat tahapan, meliputi (1) heuristik (pengumpulan sumber); (2) verifikasi data (menguji keabsahan sumber); (3) interpretasi (penafsiran); (4) historiografi (penulisan). Adapun analisis data menggunakan pendekatan diakronis yang merupakan suatu pendekatan yang memanjang dalam waktu, tetapi secara ruang terbatas. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan roman Medan pada masa kolonial Belanda (1912—1942) mengalami kemajuan yang begitu pesat. Roman Medan berada di puncak kejayaannya pada tahun 1930 hingga muncul istilah banjir roman yang ditandai dengan banyaknya roman yang terbit. Secara kuantitas roman Medan mampu bersaing dengan roman terbitan Balai Pustaka yang merupakan penerbit buku yang telah didirikan terlebih dahulu oleh pemerintah Belanda. Akan tetapi, pada masa pendudukan Jepang (1942—1945) roman Medan mengalami kemunduran bahkan hilang dari peredaran, dan pada masa awal kemerdekaan (1945—1950) hingga masa Orde Lama (1950—1966), roman Medan bangkit kembali, tetapi eksistensinya tidak seperti dahulu. Selain itu, penulisan roman Medan ini memiliki dampak terhadap kehidupan masyarakat Medan di antaranya dalam bidang politik, pendidikan, sosial, dan budaya. Kata kunci: roman Medan, sejarah, karya sastra, Medan
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