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Гордієнко, Марина. "УТОЧНЕННЯ ДЕЯКИХ ДАТ І ФАКТІВ НАУКОВО-ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ АКАДЕМІКА М.М. БОГОЛЮБОВА." Молодий вчений, no. 5 (93) (May 31, 2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32839/2304-5809/2021-5-93-5.
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В статті на основі вивчення архівних документів Київському національному університеті імені Тараса Шевченка за 1939 рік та за 1941 – 1951 роки, статей і монографій, що стосуються науково-організаційної та педагогічної діяльності академіка М.М. Боголюбова, спогадів учнів М.М. Боголюбова, уточнено дати перебування М.М. Боголюбова на посаді декана механіко-математичного факультету, завідувача кафедри теорії функцій та кафедри ма-тематичної фізики. Вказано викладацький склад кафедри математичної фізики в період 1945 – 1951 рр. Встановлено, що в аспірантурі Київського державного університеті ім. Т.Г. Шевченка М.М. Боголюбов був науковим керівником наступних аспірантів (в дужках вказано термін навчання під керівництвом М.М. Боголюбова): Авраменко С.О. (вересень 1939 – липень 1941), Гіхман Й.І. (вересень 1939 – липень 1941)., Крейн С.Г. (вересень 1940 – липень 1941), Хацет Б.І. (жовтень 1944 – березень 1948) Стрельцова О.О. (листопад 1946 – листопад 1949), Кац Г.І. (листопад 1946 – листопад 1949), Польський Н.Й. (жовтень 1947 – жовтень 1950), Лось Ф.С. (жовтень 1948 – жовтень 1949), Пахарєва Н.О. (жовтень 1950 – жовтень 1952). У статті відтворено хронологію подій пов’язаних з відновленням діяльності механіко-математичного факультету Київського державного університеті ім. Т.Г. Шевченка в перші післявоєнні роки.
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Jarkowska-Natkaniec, Alicja. "Powojenne procesy członków Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst w okupowanym Krakowie. Casus Dawida Lieblinga." Studia Żydowskie. Almanach 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/sz.549.
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Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie działalności Judishe Ordnungsdienst (OD) okupowanego przez Niemców Krakowa w latach 1940-1945. W zakresie tematycznym mieści się organizacja OD w dzielnicy żydowskiej Kazimierz w 1940 r., w getcie krakowskim w latach 1941-1943 oraz w niemieckim obozie koncentracyjnym w Płaszowie w latach 1942-1945. Główny wątek poprzedzony jest analizą historii OD w polskich miastach Warszawie i Łodzi, również okupowanych przez Niemców. Pozostałe getta służą do przedstawienia ogólnej sytuacji organizacji. Opisano również, co działo się z funkcjonariuszami po wojnie przez pryzmat polskiego prawa. Procesy funkcjonariuszy OD toczyły się przed Specjalnym Sądem Karnym w Krakowie w latach 1945-1947. Celem niniejszego artykułu było również przedstawienie powojennego procesu byłych członków Jüdische Ordnungsdienst w okupowanym Krakowie, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem sprawy Dawida Lieblinga. Proces oskarżonego Lieblinga, który był członkiem Jüdischer Ordnungsdienst i Żydowskiej Organizacji Bojowej, odbył się przed Specjalnym Sądem Karnym w Krakowie 26 maja 1946 roku. Zarzut kolaboracji został przez sąd odrzucony.
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Rzeczkowska, Ewa. "„Był daleki od nienawiści, także w stosunku do swoich oprawców...” Sprawa Adama Gajdka jako przykład zbrodni komunistycznej." Teka Komisji Historycznej Towarzystwa Naukowego KUL 16 (January 9, 2020): 71–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/teka.2019.7.
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Adam Gajdek brał udział w kampanii polskiej we wrześniu 1939 r., walcząc w 3 Pułku Strzelców Podhalańskich w Bielsku. W 1940 r., przybrawszy pseudonim „Olek”, wstąpił do Związku Walki Zbrojnej, a następnie Armii Krajowej. Po wkroczeniu do Polski wojsk sowieckich pozostał w konspiracji. Brał udział m.in. w nieudanej akcji na więzienie w rzeszowskim zamku przeprowadzonej 7-8 października 1944 r. Na początku 1947 r. wstąpił do Zrzeszenia „Wolność i Niezawisłość”. W kwietniu 1947 r. objął funkcję kierownika organizacyjnego powstałej pod koniec 1946 r. siatki wywiadowczej o kryptonimie „Instytut Bakteriologiczny”, podlegając bezpośrednio kierownikowi Wydziału Informacji IV Zarządu Głównego WiN Mieczysławowi Kawalcowi. Aresztowany 17 października 1947 r. przez funkcjonariuszy Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Krakowie, przeszedł w tym mieście wstępne śledztwo, a następnie został przewieziony do aresztu Ministerstwa Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Warszawie. Jesienią 1948 r. jego sprawę skierowano do stołecznego Wojskowego Sądu Rejonowego. Wyrokiem z 23 października 1948 r. Adam Gajdek skazany został na karę śmierci. Naczelny Sąd Wojskowy oddalił skargę rewizyjną, a prezydent Bolesław Bierut nie skorzystał z prawa łaski, wobec czego 14 stycznia 1949 r. Adama Gajdka stracono w więzieniu przy ulicy Rakowieckiej w Warszawie.
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Edwards, G. B., Isabela M. P. Rinaldi, and Gustavo R. S. Ruiz. "A review of some south american species of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) described by Mello-Leitão from Brasil, with resolution of the genus Asaphobelis." Biota Neotropica 5, no. 2 (2005): 271–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032005000300019.
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The types of 18 species of Salticidae described by Mello-Leitão from Brasil were re-examined and redescribed if necessary. The following nomenclatorial changes are made: New Synonyms: Akela quinquevittata Mello-Leitão 1947 = Ilargus coccineus Simon 1901; Asaphobelis pluripunctatus Mello-Leitão 1947 = Asaphobelis physonychus Simon 1902; Asaracus elegantulus Mello-Leitão 1947 = Chira thysbe Simon 1902; Breda nigrotaeniata Mello-Leitão 1947 = Breda flavostriata Simon 1901; Phiale duplocellata Mello-Leitão 1947 = Phiale tristis Mello-Leitão 1945. New Combinations: Akela longibarba Mello-Leitão 1943 = Phiale longibarba (Mello-Leitão 1943); Marpissa broadwayi Peckham & Peckham 1892 (= Naubolus aureocomosus Mello-Leitão 1943) = Platycryptus broadwayi (Peckham & Peckham 1892); Saitis labyrintheus Mello-Leitão 1947 = Mopiopia labyrinthea (Mello-Leitão 1947) [lectotype and paralectotype designated]; Saitis tristis Mello-Leitão 1947 = Mopiopia tristis (Mello-Leitão 1947); Semora albibarbis Mello-Leitão 1947 = Tariona albibarbis (Mello-Leitão 1947); Asaphobelis fasciiventris Simon 1902 = Coryphasia fasciiventris (Simon 1902). Asaphobelis physonychus Simon 1902 now is the only species in the genus. Other species redescribed are: Coryphasia castaneipedis Mello-Leitão 1947; Coryphasia nigriventris Mello-Leitão 1947; Cotinusa leucoprocta (Mello-Leitão 1947); Naubolus trifasciatus Mello-Leitão 1927; Phiale bipunctata Mello-Leitão 1947; Pseudofluda pulcherrima Mello-Leitão 1928; Semora langei Mello-Leitão 1947; and Titanattus pallidus Mello-Leitão 1943.
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Fülep, Katalin. "Berlász Jenő (Bp., 1911. augusztus 28. – Bp., 2015. december 6.)." Magyar Könyvszemle 131, no. 4 (September 7, 2021): 467–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17167/mksz.2015.4.467.
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Életútja a 20. század történelmi fordulatait követte. A „boldog békeidők” szülötte, tanulmányi évei még a Horthy-korszak nyugodt idejére estek, de pályakezdését már a második világégés árnyékolta be, mégis szerencsés és ígéretes indulásnak mondható. A Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetem bölcsészeti karának történelem–földrajz szakos hallgatója 1931–1935 között. Az egyetem elvégzése után a bécsi Magyar Történetkutató Intézet ösztöndíjasa, utóbb az Országos Széchényi Könyvtárban és az Országos Levéltárban dolgozott. 1942–1947-ben a Teleki Pál Tudományos Intézet intézeti tanára, 1943–1944-ben Eckhart Ferenccel együtt szerkesztette a Századok című folyóiratot, a háború után pedig a Magyar Történelmi Társulat megbízásából 1948-ig immár egyedül. 1947-ben négy pályázó közül (Berlász Jenő, Komjáthy Miklós, Paulinyi Oszkár, Wellmann Imre) őt választották az „Egyetemes és magyar gazdaság- és társadalomtörténeti tanszék” vezetőjévé.
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Frenk, Margit. "Anuario musical." Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica (NRFH) 14, no. 3/4 (July 1, 2007): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/nrfh.v14i3/4.3302.
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Ruiz Soriano, Francesc. "Ideologia i estètica a una revista de l’exili, «Lletres» (1944-1948) d’Agustí Bartra." Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia, no. 75 (November 8, 2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/caplletra.75.26826.
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Les revistes catalanes de l’exili van jugar un paper important en la defensa de la llengua i la literatura de postguerra, entre les quals destaca la revista Lletres (1944-1948), creada per Agustí Bartra a Mèxic. L’article estudia les seves característiques, marcades per un vessant mític i simbòlic de la mà d’escriptors com Jordi Vallès, Pere Calders o Joan Roura-Parella que veia en l’art una projecció espiritual per a l’educació humana, trets de caire neoromàntic que influïren en l’estètica compromesa de Bartra. A més a més d’analitzar els antecedents de la publicació com el Full Català (1941-1942) i les polèmiques que hi va haver entre alguns dels col·laboradors, sobretot amb Joan Sales i Ferran de Pol, controvèrsia que continuaria a Quaderns de l’exili (1943-1947), s’estudia el nucli fundacional, els propòsits i el contingut dels números de la revista.
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الفهد, ماهر جاسب حاتم. "التطورات السياسية الداخلية في لاوس 1945 – 1949 والموقف الفرنسي منها." لارك 2, no. 25 (April 26, 2019): 518–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss25.1079.
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المُستخلص :-
يتناول هذا البحث التطورات السياسية الداخلية في لاوس خلال 1945 – 1949، إذ شهدت خلال هذه المدة تحولات سياسية مهمة، كان لها أثرٌ بالغٌ في تحقيق حكمها الذاتي في عام 1949 وتخلصها جزئياً من سيطرة الاستعمار الفرنسي . إذ شهدت هذه المرحلة تعاون كبير بين الملك اللاوسي سيسافانغ فونغ وأنصاره مع السلطات الفرنسية في لاوس، أثمر هذا التعاون عن توقيع اتفاقية بينهما في آب 1946، والتي كان لها أثرٌ واضحٌ على مسار الوضع السياسي في لاوس، إذ سجلت ولأول مرة في تاريخ لاوس ظهور أول حزب سياسي، هو حزب إتحاد لاو الوطني، وكتابة أول دستور في البلاد، فضلاً عن تأسيس أول جمعية وطنية فيها . وإلى جانب هذه التطورات، كان تشكيل حركة اللاو أسارا في عام 1945 عن طريق بعض القادة والأمراء اللاوسيين حدث تأريخي مهم، إذ شكلوا حكومة مؤقتة في العام نفسه، وبعد عودة الفرنسيين إلى لاوس، ألفوا حكومة لهم في المنفى في تايلاند في عام 1946، وكانت متعاونة مع الفيت منه لطرد الفرنسيين، إلا أن انقلاب 1947 في تايلاند واختلاف رؤى بعض زعماؤها، كان له أثر سلبي على هيكل الحركة، ونتيجة لذلك، أعلنت حل نفسها في عام 1949، بعد أن فاتح الفرنسيين معظم رموزها بخصوص إعلان العفو عنهم وتوقيع اتفاقية تضمن إستقلال ذاتي للاوس ضمن منظومة الإتحاد الفرنسي، والتي وقعت في تموز 1949، ولم يتخلف عنهم إلا الأمير سوفانو فونغ، الذي فضل محاربة الفرنسيين والتعاون الإستراتيجي مع الفيت منه حتى يتحقق الإستقلال التام للاوس. قُسم البحث إلى محاور عدة هي :-
مُقدمة جغرافية وتأريخية عن لاوس حتى عام 1945 .
إستقلال لاوس في ظل الهيمنة اليابانية آذار – آب 1945 .
تشكيل حركة اللاو أسارا وعودة الفرنسيين إلى لاوس آب 1945 – أيار 1946 .
الموقف اللاوسي من عودة الفرنسيين وتوقيع اتفاقية " الحل المؤقت " أيار – كانون الأول 1946 .
تصاعد نشاط حركة اللاو أسارا والموقف الفرنسي منها كانون الثاني – آب 1947 .
الأوضاع السياسية في لاوس وتصدع حركة اللاو أسارا آب 1947 – أيار 1949 .
المفاوضات الفرنسية – اللاوسية والاعتراف بالحكم الذاتي للاوس أيار – كانون الأول 1949 .
الاستنتاجات النهائية .
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Tokár, F., and E. Krekulová. "Structure, quality, production, LAI and dendrochronology of 100 years old Austrian pine (Pinus nigra ARNOLD) stand ." Journal of Forest Science 51, No. 2 (January 10, 2012): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4545-jfs.
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The paper evaluates the growth, structure, production, quality, leaf area index and dendrochronology of 100 years old Austrian pine (Pinus nigra ARNOLD) monoculture situated in the forest type group Fageto-Quercetum in the locality Horné Lefantovce (Nitrianska Streda Forest District, Topoľčianky Forest Enterprise). Codominant trees, trees with stem of high quality, with medium-sized crown, medium dense and straight crown are the most abundant in the stand. The tree number in the stand is 1,024 trees/ha, basal area 51.75 m2/ha, growing stock 571.56 m3/ha, aboveground biomass stock 348.76 t/ha and leaf area index 21.85 ha/ha. Dendrochronological analyses examined the response in individual sample trees and minimum annual ring width was found in 1920, 1922, 1925, 1929, 1933, 1938, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1954, 1963, 1968, 1976, 1982, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2001. Marked maximum values of annual ring width in the years 1919, 1923, 1926, 1930, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1948, 1951, 1955, 1959, 1966, 1972, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1997 were found as a positive productive feature. Beginning in the year 1993, dry Austrian pine trees occurred in the stand as a result of the fungal infection by Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko et Sutton.
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Almeida, Rodrigo. "Dilemas de representação na carreira e obra de Emilio Fernández." Dialogos 27, no. 3 (February 19, 2024): 24–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/dialogos.v27i3.68155.
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O presente artigo analisa os dilemas de representação na carreira e obra do ator e diretor mexicano Emilio “El Indio” Fernández a partir dos melodramas Flor Silvestre (1942), Las Abandonadas (1945), Pueblerina (1949) e especialmente Maria Candelária (1944) e La Perla (1947). Na disputa pela formulação de uma iconografia nacional através do cinema, os filmes de Fernández foram pioneiros na inserção da experiência indígena e na inclusão de debates sobre justiça social. No entanto, por outro lado, esse avanço é marcado por inúmeras contradições, tais como uma naturalizada violência de gênero e o fortalecimento de conservadores modelos de masculinidade.
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Baldwin, Thomas. "Jean-Paul Sartre." Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 20 (March 1986): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x00004193.
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Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980), nephew of the Alsatian theologian, Albert Schweitzer, was born in Paris, passed his agrégation at the Ecole Normale Superieure in 1929, and was a lycée teacher between 1931 and 1945. He was called up to the French Army in 1939, captured by the Germans in 1940 and released after the armistice. In 1938 he published a novel, La Nausée, translated by Robert Baldick as Nausea (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965), and in 1940, L'Imaginaire: Psychologie phénoménologique de l'imagination, translated by Bernard Frechtman as The Psychology of Imagination (London: Methuen, 1972). His major philosophical work, L'Etre et le Neant, was published in 1943, and translated by Hazel E. Barnes as Being and Nothingness (London: Methuen, 1957). As a novelist he is best known for a trilogy, Chemins de la Liberté (Roads to Freedom), comprising L'Age de raison (1945) translated by E. Sutton as The Age of Reason (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1961), Le Sursis (1945), translated by E. Sutton as The Reprieve (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963) and La Mort dans l'āme (1949), translated by G. Hopkins as Iron in the Soul (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965). His main work of literary criticism is Qu'est-ce que la littérature? (1947), translated by B. Frechtman as What is Literature? (London: Methuen, 1950). Plays includeLes Mouches (1943) and Huis Clos (1944), both translated by S. Gilbert and published in one volume, as The Flies and In Camera (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1965).
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Halczak, Bohdan, and Vlastimil Ondrák. "Działalność sotni Ukraińskiej Powstańczej Armii Romana Hrobelskiego „Brodycza” w latach 1944–1947." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 43 (June 15, 2021): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2021.43.220-231.
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The aim of the publication is to present the history of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA) company, whose commander was Roman Hrobelski (pseudonym “Brodycz”) in 1946-1947. The company was founded in 1944. It was part of the battalion commanded by Wasyl Mizerny (pseudonym “Ren”). The first commander of the company was a partisan named “Jar”. In the summer of 1945, Franc Hryhorowycz (pseudonym “Didyk”) took over the command. In April 1946, Roman Hrobelski was established as the new commander. In October 1946, the company of “Brodycz” moved to the area of Gorlice and Nowy Sącz poviats. In the new area of operation, the company of “Brodycz” operated until September 1947. Roman Brodycz's unit became the westernmost fighting unit of the UIA. The partisans survived the winter of 1946/1947 peacefully. The local Ukrainian population supplied them with food. The Polish communist authorities were primarily occupied with fighting the Polish anti-communist underground, which was active in the Gorlice and Nowy Sącz poviats. In 1947, however, the Polish underground was destroyed. The communist authorities directed large forces of the army and security organs against the UIA. In order to avoid manhunts organized by the Polish army, the „Brodycz” company often crossed the border cordon to the Czechoslovak side. In April 1947, Operation “Wisła” began. The Ukrainian population was displaced from their villages, deported to the western and northern territories of the Polish state and resettled forcibly in large dispersion. In June 1947, Operation “Wisła” also covered the poviats of Gorlice and Nowy Sącz. The Ukrainian population was almost completely displaced from this area. The deportation of the Ukrainian population deprived the branch of the company of „Brodycz” facilities. In September 1947, Roman Hrobelski's unit attempted to move to the West. During the passage through Czechoslovakia, 34 partisans were captured or killed. 53 partisans from the “Brodycz” company reached the West.
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Booth, Anne. "Government and Welfare in the New Republic: Indonesia in the 1950s." Itinerario 34, no. 1 (March 2010): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115310000057.
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When Indonesia finally received de jure independence in December 1949, the infant republic faced a range of serious problems, but nowhere were the problems more pressing than in the field of economic policy. In contrast with the Philippines and India, where the USA and Britain had honoured previous commitments and granted independence in 1946 and 1947 respectively, the refusal of the Netherlands to recognise the 1945 declaration of independence had led to four years of bitter and destructive fighting. Infrastructure on Java and elsewhere, already damaged during the Japanese occupation, deteriorated further after 1945, and by the end of the decade most of the important export industries were producing only a small fraction of their pre-1942 output. Smallholder agricultural output in Java was also well below pre-1942 levels. De Vries observed that many seed farms had been destroyed, irrigation systems had not been maintained and “vast areas of hill country” had been damaged by soil erosion. In the final years of the Japanese occupation, the Japanese army commandeered large amounts of rice, while the widespread issue of Japanese banknotes caused mounting inflation. Food was scarce everywhere and those with little or no land were most severely hit; most demographers concur that the population actually declined in Java after 1943, indicating a sharp increase in mortality.
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Żurek, Jacek. "Powtórna kasata placówek wychowawczych Kościoła katolickiego w Polsce (1958-1963)." Nasza Przeszłość 102 (December 30, 2004): 193–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.52204/np.2004.102.193-242.
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Artykuł dotyczy procesu likwidacji katolickich szkół, domów, szpitali i organizacji charytatywnych w PRL w latach 1958-1963. Komunistyczne represje wobec wszystkich katolickich placówek pełniących funkcje utylitarne, zwłaszcza tych prowadzonych przez zakony, miały miejsce pod rządami Władysława Gomułki (sekretarza generalnego Polskiej Partii Robotniczej w latach 1943-1948 i I sekretarza Polskiej Zjednoczonej Partii Robotniczej w latach 1956-1970). Nastąpiło to po wcześniejszej fali zamknięć podczas stalinowskiej "zimy" w latach 1947-1956, kiedy to wiele instytucji sponsorowanych przez Kościół, które odrodziły się w latach 1944-1947 po spustoszeniach okupacji niemieckiej i rosyjskiej, zostało zmuszonych do likwidacji. Krótka "odwilż" w latach 1956-1958 zakończyła się drugą falą zamknięć, która trwała pięć lat. Odrodzenie instytucji parakościelnych nastąpiło dopiero w 1989 r., kiedy komuniści musieli oddać część swojej władzy. Metody, strategia i taktyka represji z lat 1958-1963 odzwierciedlały politykę czasów stalinowskich. Wydaje się, że plan został opracowany w Moskwie, gdzie pod rządami Nikity Chruszczowa rozpoczęto podobną, bezwzględną kampanię mającą na celu oczyszczenie ZSRR z instytucji religijnych. W niniejszym artykule placówki kościelne dotknięte represjami podzielono na kategorie odzwierciedlające ich status własnościowy i funkcje w strukturach Kościoła w Polsce. Są one następujące: 1. Placówki kontrolowanego przez państwo Katolickiego Stowarzyszenia Caritas; 2. Placówki prowadzone przez zakony; oraz 3. Niższe seminaria duchowne prowadzone przez poszczególne diecezje i zakony. Poniższe tabele przedstawiają zakres zamknięć: 1. Przedszkola prowadzone przez Caritas w 1959 r.; 2. Placówki prowadzone przez Caritas w 1963 r.; 3. Alumni I roku w diecezjalnych Wyższych Seminariach Duchownych w latach 1945-1970; 4. Szkoły prowadzone przez zakony 1947-1978 oraz wykres obrazujący zmiany w liczbie szkół prowadzonych przez zakony w latach 1947-1978. W Aneksie wymieniono sygnatury niedostępnych dotychczas źródeł dotyczących zakonów i instytucji świeckich z archiwów organów bezpieczeństwa państwa (Urząd Bezpieczeństwa, 1944-1956, i Służba Bezpieczeństwa, 1956-1990).
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Winarno, Novyantika Eka Putri, Marjono Marjono, Sumardi Sumardi, Nurul Umamah, and Riza Afita Surya. "The Struggle Of Achyat Chalimy Through Laskar Hizbullah In The Independence Revolution 1945-1950." JURNAL HISTORICA 6, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jh.v6i2.28934.
Full textAbstract:
Achyat Chalimy is a student of KH. Hasyim Asy'ari who founded Laskar Hizbullah Mojokerto in 1945 to defend Indonesia's independence. The formation of Laskar Hizbullah was recognized by Japan on December 15, 1944. Laskar Heizbullah was a semi-military force consisting of Muslim youths and students who fought to defend Indonesia's independence against allied forces. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of Achyat Chalimy and Laskar Hizbullah in the Revolution of Independence in 1945-1950. This research uses historical research methods and social psychology approaches. The results of this study indicate that Achyat Chalimy and Laskar Hezbollah during the Independence Revolution played a role in the battle in Surabaya in 1945, the guerrilla battle in Mojokerto in 1945-1947, and the battle in Kutorejo in 1948-1949. The end of Achyat Chalimy's role with Laskar Hizbullah in 1950 was marked by the transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands to Indonesia.
Keywords: Achyat Chalimy, Laskar Hizbullah, Independence Revolution
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Zarria Ibarra, Zandor Emerson. "Plataformas modernizadoras en el periodo de José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (1945-1948): revistas y proyectos intelectuales en una Lima democrática." Tesis (Lima) 12, no. 15 (July 1, 2019): 117–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/tesis.v12i15.18824.
Full textAbstract:
La investigación busca reseñar algunas de las más importantes plataformas modernizadoras que, mediante sus propios mecanismos de producción cultural, buscaron renovar el imaginario cívico, literario y artístico de la ciudad de Lima, correspondientes al periodo democrático de José Luis Bustamante y Rivero (1945-1948). En primer lugar, desarrollamos algunas ideas sobre el contexto cultural de Lima en la época mencionada, además de ubicar las coordenadas ideológicas en que se ubican algunos intelectuales relevantes. En segundo lugar, planteamos una definición del concepto ‘plataforma modernizadora’. Finalmente, nos proponemos explicar los objetivos y el desarrollo de las siguientes plataformas modernizadoras o proyectos intelectuales de la época: la revista Las Moradas (1947-1949), la agrupación Espacio, la Peña Pancho Fierro (1936-1967), y las revistas El Correo de Ultramar (1947) y Mar del Sur (1948-1953).
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Гареева .,, Г. Н., and И. А. Мустафина . "Тема войны и мира в башкирской поэзии." ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 97, no. 4 (2023): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/trnio-05-2023-194.
Full textAbstract:
В конце тридцатых годов ХХ века, в пору усиления международной напряженности, в башкирской поэзии одной из центральных тем становится тема войны и мира. Один из ведущих поэтов того времени Рашит Нигмати в стихотворениях и поэмах «Голос истории» (1935), «Письма к дочери» (1938), «Военные эпизоды» (1940), «Он повседневно совершает подвиг» (1940). Основное направление творчества Р.Нигмати в годы Великой Отечественной войны более емко и точно определено в названии его книги «Песни любви и ненависти» (1941). Также тема Великой Отечественной войны нашла свое яркое отражение в сборниках стихов другого не менее талантливого поэта Мустая Карима. В поэтических сборниках «Мой конь» (1943), «Стихотворения» (1945), поэмах «Декабрьская песня» (1942), «Ульмасбай» (1942-1944), «Черные воды» (1961). М.Карим отразил трагизм войны, героизм наших солдат, гуманистическую миссию Красной Армии
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Yu, Ruby, Moses Wong, Billy Chang, Xin Lai, C. M. Lum, T. W. Auyeung, Jenny Lee, Kelvin Tsoi, Ruby Lee, and Jean Woo. "Trends in activities of daily living disability in a large sample of community-dwelling Chinese older adults in Hong Kong: an age-period-cohort analysis." BMJ Open 6, no. 12 (December 2016): e013259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013259.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundTo examine the trends in activities of daily living (ADL) disability in older Chinese adults in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2012.MethodsUsing data from the Elderly Health Centres (EHCs) of the Department of Health comprising a total of 54 808 community-dwelling Chinese adults aged ≥65 years in 1 early cohort (1904–1917) and 10 3-year birth cohorts (1918–1920, 1921–1923, 1924–1926, 1927–1929, 1930–1932, 1933–1935, 1936–1938, 1939–1941, 1942–1944, 1945–1947), we examined trends in ADL disability by using age-period-cohort (APC) models. ADL disability was defined as being unable to perform at least 1 of 7 ADL activities (bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, feeding, grooming, walking) independently. Cross-classified random-effects logistic regressions were performed for each of the APC trends with adjustment for age, period, cohort, sociodemographic, lifestyle, comorbidity and self-rated health.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 70.9±4.7 (range 65–99) years. The prevalence rate of ADL disability was 1.6%. ADL disability increased with age (p<0.001) and the gradient of the increase was steeper in the older age groups. At the same age, women (1.7%) were more likely to report ADL disability than men (1.4%, p=0.001). For both genders, there was an increase in ADL disability between 2003 and 2012; adjustment for age, cohort and other covariates has diminished the trends observed among men. There was no cohort effect in ADL disability.ConclusionsADL disability in older adults has increased over the last decade. Further study is required to identify possible causes behind the disability trends.
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Neagoe, George. "Șerban Cioculescu la Facultatea de Litere și Filosofie a Universității din Iași (25 mai 1946–31 august 1947)." Revista de Istorie și Teorie Literară 17 (December 30, 2023): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/ritl.2023.17.23.
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We publish and also comment three documents about the presence of literary critic Șerban Cioculescu as Professor in the Department of Modern Romanian Literature. He was summoned by a commission led by G. Călinescu, whose report was published initially in „Monitorul Oficial” [„Official Gazette”] on the 8th of July 1946. Șerban Cioculescu, in a book entitled Amintiri [Memories, 1981], recalled this episode. But, apart of this, there is a series of episodes which complete the picture. We refer to the juridical and political context. The laws of higher education were adopted during Ion Antonescu’s regime and were elaborated by a group supervised by the Minister of Culture and Cults, Ion Petrovici (1942). Those decision continued to function after the 23rd of August 1944, after Ion Antonescu had been arrested. But, between this date and the 30th of December 1947, when King Mihai I abdicated, the Communist Party expanded its authority and persecuted those who refused to accept the political compromise. Although Șerban Cioculescu would have been nominated as Professor from October the 1st 1946, he lectured in Iassy at the end of winter or in the very first days of sprit 1947. In the summer of 1947, a Govern commission decided that Șerban Cioculescu, among others, would be excluded from the universities on the 1st of September 1947.
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Steindl, Frank G. "Fisher's Last Stand on the Quantity Theory: the Role of Money in the Recovery." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 22, no. 4 (December 2000): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710020006244.
Full textAbstract:
In his recent article, Robert Dimand details for the profession the existence of four obscure papers by Irving Fisher (1935, 1936, 1937, 1940). He also brings to our attention two brief Econometrica contributions (Fisher 1946, 1947), neither of which is listed in the American Economic Association's Index of Economic Journals, as he points out. For this, and for his careful discussion of the content of those papers, we are indeed in his debt.
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Strauchold, Grzegorz. "The circumstances of the liquidation of the Ministry of Recovered Territories." Masuro-Warmian Bulletin 287, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51974/kmw-142680.
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As a result of falsified legislative elections to the Sejm in early 1947. Communist Polish Workers’ Party received almost the full political power in Poland. Legally opposition, placed in the Polish Peasant Party and illegal, anti-communist political and military structures clearly weakened, were unable to influence the situation in the country. During 1947 and 1948 were promoted top-down thesis that had been successfully resolved all issues related to the integration so called Recovered Territories with the rest of the country. Incorporated in 1945 Eastern German territories.It was not true, but such views formed part of the fight against the Stalinist leadership of the PPR with the leader of the Communists‘national’Władysław Gomułka. During 1948,. his political position has been marginalized. As the leader of PPR and head of the Ministry of Recovered Territories had lost the ability to influence the situation in the western and northern regions.At the beginning of 1949. Ministry was closed despite the many unresolved lands new problems.
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Dittrich, Andreas. "Ruinen am Cover. : Zu den visuellen Erscheinungsbildern von Ilse Aichingers ,,Die größere Hoffnung“ in den Ausgaben 1948 und 1960." Zeitschrift für Germanistik 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/92165_175.
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Ilse Aichingers Roman Die größere Hoffnung erscheint erstmals 1948. Während auf der Titelseite nur der Bermann-Fischer Verlag genannt wird, gibt das Impressum die Kooperation mit dem neu gegründeten Querido Verlag, N. V. an.1 Zum damaligen Zeitpunkt haben beide Verlage ihren Hauptsitz noch in Amsterdam, wobei der Bermann-Fischer Verlag seine 1939 liquidierte Wiener Niederlassung bereits im Juli 1947 wiederbelebt hat.2 Das Buch Aichingers wird in Wien bei der 1938 ,arisierten‘ Druckerei ,,Brüder Rosenbaum“ gedruckt, die am 7. Juni 1947 in das Wiener Firmenregister eintragen und am 24. Juli 1948 an die aus dem Exil zurückgekehrten Besitzer rechtmäßig zurückgestellt wird.3 Von der ersten Auflage des Buches listet das Fünfjahres-Verzeichnis 1945–1950 der Deutschen Bibliographie verschiedene Ausgaben: zwei mit derselben Ausstattung (399 Seiten, 8°, Halbleinwand), beide Male beim Verlag Bermann-Fischer (1948), allerdings einmal mit dem Verlagssitz in Amsterdam und einmal in Wien.4 Darüber hinaus wird eine dritte Ausgabe aus dem Jahr 1949, im Verlag Bermann-Fischer/Querido-Verlag, mit 400 Seiten, 8°, gebunden, angegeben, von der sich allerdings keine Exemplare ermitteln lassen.5
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Grinham, T., and D. K. Cone. "A review of species of Myxobolus (Myxosporea) parasitizing catostomid fishes, with a redescription of Myxobolus bibullatus (Kudo, 1934) n.comb. and description of Myxobolus lamellus n.sp. from Catostomus commersoni in Nova Scotia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 11 (November 1, 1990): 2290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-320.
Full textAbstract:
Known species of Myxobolus from catostomid fishes are reviewed and Myxobolus bibullatus (Kudo, 1934) n.comb. and Myxobolus lamellus n.sp. (Myxosporea) are described from common sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in Sawler Lake, Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia. Trophozoites of M. bibullatus form saclike interlamellar cysts at the base of gill filaments. Myxobolus lamellus n.sp. forms interstitial trophozoites in secondary lamellae that envelop the capillary bed. Spores form through the cyst's vacuolated matrix, and are round with large polar capsules relative to spore length. Ten species of Myxosoma from catostomids are transferred to Myxobolus and the following revisions made: Myxobolus bibullatus (Kudo, 1934) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma bibullatum Kudo, 1934); Myxobolus commersonii (Fantham, Porter, and Richardson, 1939) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma commersonii Fantham, Porter, and Richardson 1939); Myxobolus ellipticoides (Fantham, Porter and Richardson, 1939) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma ellipticoides Fantham, Porter, and Richardson 1939); Myxobolus endovasus (Davis, 1947) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma endovasa Davis, 1947); Myxobolus microthecus (Meglitsch, 1942) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma microthecum Meglitsch, 1942); Myxobolus multiplicatus (Reuss, 1906) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma multiplicatum (Reuss, 1906); and Myxobolus ovalis (Davis, 1923) n.comb. (syn. Myxosoma ovalis Davis, 1923). Myxobolus meglitschi (Meglitsch, 1937) nom.nov (syn. Myxosoma rotundum Meglitsch, 1937), Myxobolus musculosus (Kudo, 1923) nom.nov. (syn. Myxosoma catostomi Kudo, 1923), and Myxobolus filamentus (Rice and Jahn, 1943) nom.nov. (syn. Myxosoma okobojiensis Rice and Jahn, 1943) are established because of specific preoccupations. Known information on myxobolids from catostomid fishes is summarized.
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Nolasco, Barbara Barros Gonçalves Pereira, and Moema Rodrigues Brandão Mendes. "MÁRIO MATOS E SUA TRAJETÓRIA NA REVISTA ALTEROSA." IPOTESI – REVISTA DE ESTUDOS LITERÁRIOS 23, no. 2 (December 7, 2019): 198–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.34019/1982-0836.2019.v23.29209.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho faz parte de uma série de investigações realizadas acerca do escritor mineiro Mário Matos. Nesta busca mais diligente, estão sendo realizados levantamentos de seus textos publicados em diversos periódicos, desde os primeiros escritos até os que foram produzidos e localizados meses antes de sua morte. O presente artigo, contudo, pretende evidenciar a atuação jornalístico-literária desse autor na Alterosa, antiga revista de grande visibilidade no contexto de Minas Gerais, bem como trazer ao leitor uma apresentação geral da vida literária de Mário Matos.
Palavras-chave: Mário Matos. Alterosa. Literatura mineira. Imprensa mineira. Memória.
Referências
A COMEMORAÇÃO do 6.º aniversa’rio de “Alterosa”. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 65, p. 120, 134, 136, set. 1945.
ALENCAR, Gilberto de. Um “novo” de valor. O Pharol, Juiz de Fora, ano XLVII, n. 307, p. 1, 27 dez. 1912.
ALTEROSA. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano V, n. 39, p. 1, jul. 1943.
ALTEROSA. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VI, n. 49, p. 1, maio 1944.
ALTEROSA. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano XV, n. 169, p. 96, 01 set. 1953.
ALTEROSA em nova fase. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano XXII, n. 329, p. 1, maio 1960.
ANDRADE, Carlos Drummond de. Imagem de escritor mineiro. Correio da Manhã, Rio de Janeiro, ano LXVI, n. 22.619, 1º caderno, p. 6, 30 dez. 1966.
CHAVES, Hermenegildo. Uma alma simples de artista. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 65, p. 142,147, set. 1945.
DANTAS, Paulo. Qual o seu candidato? Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 65, p. 92-94, set. 1945.
DUARTE, Constância Lima (org.). Dicionário bibliográfico de escritores mineiros. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2010.
FECHAMENTO de “Alterosa” decidido pela direção em face do aumento do papel. Jornal do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, ano LXXIV, n. 305, 1º caderno, p. 16, 27-28 dez. 1964.
JURISPRUDÊNCIA MINEIRA. Desembargador Mário Gonçalves de Matos: nota biográfica. Belo Horizonte, a. 53, n. 162, p. 3-5, out.-dez. 2002.
MÁRIO Matos: nota biográfica. Suplemento Literário do Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, ano II, n. 70, p. 2, 30 dez. 1967.
MATOS, Mário Gonçalves de. Dicionário da elite política republicana (1889-1930). FUNDAÇÃO GETÚLIO VARGAS/CPDOC. Disponível em: <https://cpdoc.fgv.br/dicionario-primeira-republica/5>. Acesso em: 01 abr. 2019.
MATOS, Mário. Caçada de onça. Bello Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, n. 101, fev. 1939. Não paginado.
______. Machado de Assis: o homem e a obra – Os personagens explicam o autor. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1939 (Coleção Brasiliana, 5ª série da Biblioteca Pedagógica Brasileira, vol. 153). 454 p.
______. O personagem persegue o autor. Rio de Janeiro: “O Cruzeiro”, 1945. 357 p.
______. Os mortos governam os vivos. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 67, p. 39, nov. 1945.
______. Palavra da musa antiga. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 68, p. 1, dez. 1945.
______. Interpretação do Natal. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano [VIII], n. 68, p. 39,119, dez. 1945.
______. Chico Mendonça, a mulher e o “Balão”. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 69, p. 39, jan. 1946.
______. Centenário poético. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 70, p. 39, fev. 1946.
______. A vida é assim. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 71, p. 39, mar. 1946.
______. Soldado Clementino. O Jornal, Rio de Janeiro, ano XXVIII, n. 8.158, 4ª seção (Revista), p. 1,7, 01 dez. 1946.
______. Casa das três meninas. Belo Horizonte: Movimento Editorial Panorama, 1949. 254 p.
______. Caçada da onça. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano XVI, n. 206, p. 36-39,90, 15 mar. 1955.
MATTOS, Mário. Último bandeirante. Belo Horizonte: Os Amigos do Livro, 1935. 174 p.
MOREIRA, Vivaldi. Figuras, tempos, formas. Belo Horizonte: MP, 1966.
NOTAS & Novas. O Pharol, Juiz de Fora, ano XLIX, n. 45, p. 1, 22 fev. 1914.
O PARLAMENTO mineiro. O Jornal, Rio de Janeiro, ano V, n. 1.397, p. 11, 29 jul. 1923.
OLAVO, Alberto. Último canto da tarde. Belo Horizonte: Os Amigos do Livro, 1938. 224 p.
______. A poesia abandonou o verso. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano V, n. 40, p. 18,19,146, ago. 1943.
______. Mês de Maria. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VI, n. 49, p. 41, maio 1944.
______. Soldado Clementino. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 65, p. 39, set. 1945.
______. O consul Eça de Queiroz. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VII, n. 66, p. 37, out. 1945.
______. O exemplo de Judas. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 72, p. 39,129, abr. 1946.
______. Maio, mês da rosa e do sonho. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 73, p. 41, maio 1946.
______. Adeus, meu lar. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 74, p. 41, jun. 1946.
______. Vitória de princípios. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 76, p. 33,70, ago. 1946.
______. Eis a primavera. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 77, p. 33, set. 1946.
______. Sorvete, Iáiá. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 79, p. 33, nov. 1946.
______. Eterno sonêto de Natal. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano VIII, n. 80, p. 41, p. 41, dez. 1946.
______. Casamento por anedota. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano IX, n. 81, p. 33, jan. 1947.
______. Interpretação do carnaval. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano IX, n. 82, p. 33,46, fev. 1947.
OLAVO, Alberto. O ridículo na poesia. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano IX, n. 84, p. 33,57, abr. 1947.
______. Uma questão de dinheiro. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano XI, n. 105, p. 33,73, jan. 1949.
UMA GRANDE aquisição para o quadro de colaboradores permanentes de Alterosa. Alterosa, Belo Horizonte, ano V, n. 40, p. 114, ago. 1943.
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SALVATIERRA, LIDIANNE, ANA LÚCIA TOURINHO, and ANTONIO D. BRESCOVIT. "Three new synonyms of the spider Miagrammopes guttatus Mello-Leitão, 1937 (Araneae: Uloboridae)." Zootaxa 3115, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3115.1.4.
Full textAbstract:
Miagrammopes correai Piza, 1944, M. zenzesi (Mello-Leitão, 1945) and M. lacteovittatus Mello-Leitão, 1947 are synonymized with Miagrammopes guttatus Mello-Leitão, 1937. Synonymies are based on morphological data from specimens recently collected compared with the recovered type of M. lacteovittatus, and the types M. correai and M. zenzesi, as well as data from original descriptions. The male of Miagrammopes guttatus is redescribed and the female is described for the first time. Lectotypes are designated for M. correai and M. lacteovittatus.
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Amat, Nuria, Lori Ween, and Oscar Fernández. "The Language of Two Shores." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 116, no. 1 (January 2001): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2001.116.1.189.
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Nuria Amat's view of literature between borders places her in the arduous trajectory of Spanish women writers, who have written their works from the periphery of Spanish fiction. Historically, few women have been among the canonical writers of Spain, and those who wrote were known for their ambivalent representations of their role as authors. Marginal writers of both sexes were forced to engage in literary disguises and subterfuges, “common and necessary practices for those who deviated from orthodoxy and convention” (Levine and Marson xxi). With the death of Franco in 1975, women writers of Spain such as Ana María Moix (b. 1947, Catalonia), Esther Tusquets (b. 1946, Catalonia), Marina Mayoral (b. 1942, Galicia), Lourdes Ortiz (b. 1943), Montserrat Roig (b. 1946, Catalonia), Cristina Fernández Cubas (b. 1945, Barcelona), and Rosa Montero (b. 1951, Madrid) began to explore their personal and national histories as the censorship ended. There soon followed a boom of female writers, who, “encouraged by the feminist movement and by all the changing atmosphere of the seventies, were able to find marketing success that soon made them visible” (Nichols 11).
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Amat, Nuria, Lori Ween, and Oscar Fernández. "The Language of Two Shores." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 116, no. 1 (January 2001): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900105127.
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Nuria Amat's view of literature between borders places her in the arduous trajectory of Spanish women writers, who have written their works from the periphery of Spanish fiction. Historically, few women have been among the canonical writers of Spain, and those who wrote were known for their ambivalent representations of their role as authors. Marginal writers of both sexes were forced to engage in literary disguises and subterfuges, “common and necessary practices for those who deviated from orthodoxy and convention” (Levine and Marson xxi). With the death of Franco in 1975, women writers of Spain such as Ana María Moix (b. 1947, Catalonia), Esther Tusquets (b. 1946, Catalonia), Marina Mayoral (b. 1942, Galicia), Lourdes Ortiz (b. 1943), Montserrat Roig (b. 1946, Catalonia), Cristina Fernández Cubas (b. 1945, Barcelona), and Rosa Montero (b. 1951, Madrid) began to explore their personal and national histories as the censorship ended. There soon followed a boom of female writers, who, “encouraged by the feminist movement and by all the changing atmosphere of the seventies, were able to find marketing success that soon made them visible” (Nichols 11).
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Andreev, Alexandr Alexeevich, and Anton Petrovich Ostroushko. "135th birth anniversary of Alexander Fleming (The beginning of the era of antibiotics is dedicated)." Vestnik of Experimental and Clinical Surgery 9, no. 3 (January 13, 2017): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.18499/2070-478x-2016-9-3-255-256.
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В 1999 году журнал «Time» включил Александра Флеминга в список 100 героев и кумиров XX века, заявив, что «открытие Флеминга породило огромную фармацевтическую промышленность, производящую синтетические пенициллины, направленные на борьбу с некоторыми самыми древними заболеваниями человечества, в числе которых сифилис, гангрена и туберкулез». По некоторым оценкам антибиотики спасли свыше 200 миллионов человек, а их открытие прибавило примерно 20 лет к средней продолжительности жизни человека в развитых странах.Александр Флеминг родился 6 августа 1881 года. В 1906 году получил степень Бакалавра Медицины и Бакалавра Хирургии с отличием и стал членом Королевского колледжа хирургов. В 1908 году он получает степень магистра и бакалавра наук в Лондонском университете. В 1922 году Александр Флеминг открывает лизоцим. В1928 г. он становится профессором бактериологии. 7 марта 1929 года, А. Флеминг выделил и описал свойства пенициллина. 12 февраля 1941 года пенициллин был впервые применен для лечения человека. В 1943 году началось промышленное производство антибиотика.В 1944 году Флеминг был возведен в рыцарское достоинство. В 1945 году Нобелевская премия по физиологии и медицине была присуждена А.Флемингу, Х.У.Флори и Э.Б.Чейну «за открытие пенициллина и его целебного воздействия при различных инфекционных болезнях». В 1928–1946 годах А. Флеминг работал профессором микробиологии Лондонского университета, в 1947 возглавил Институт Райта–Флеминга, в 1951–1954 был ректором Эдинбургского университета.А. Флеминг был удостоен 25 почетных степеней, 26 медалей, 18 премий, 30 наград и почетного членства в 89 академиях наук и научных обществах, в том числе, Лондонского королевского общества (1943), Парижской академии наук (1946), Первый президент общества общей микробиологии.Александр Флеминг скончался от инфаркта миокарда 11 марта 1955 года. В 2009 году изображение Флеминга размещено на новой купюре в 5 фунтов стерлингов.
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Normandeau, Robert. "Influence de Stockhausen chez les compositeurs électroacoustiques québécois." Circuit 19, no. 2 (June 3, 2009): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037450ar.
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Résumé Quelle a été l’influence de la musique électroacoustique de Karlheinz Stockhausen sur la production québécoise de cette même discipline ? Un certain nombre de compositeurs québécois de différentes générations ont été sollicités afin de connaître leur avis sur la question : Kevin Austin (1948), Walter Boudreau (1947), Yves Daoust (1946), Jean-François Denis (1960), Marcelle Deschênes (1939), Francis Dhomont (1926), Gisèle Ricard (1944), Stéphane Roy (1959), Alain Thibault (1956). Aux réponses de ce groupe de compositeurs se sont ajoutés les commentaires et souvenirs de l’auteur.
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Sokolova, Elizaveta. ""ПОВОРОТ К ДОСТОЕВСКОМУ" У ТОМАСА МАННА: "ДОКТОР ФАУСТУС" (1947)." Herald of Culturology, no. 4 (2021): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/hoc/2021.04.06.
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The article examines how the center of the «Russian space» by Thomas Mann shifts from L.N. Tolstoy towards F.M. Dostoevsky in the mid-1940s while he was working on Doctor Faustus (1947) and the preface for the American edition of selected works of Dostoevsky (1945) - in the historical context of a turning point during the Second World War. It also gives a brief overview of domestic research on intertextual relations between Doctor Faustus and some works of F.M. Dostoevsky, and notes significant parallelism between dynamics of Adrian Leverkuhn’s «falling away from God» in chapters XIV-XXV of the novel, Thomas Mann’s addressing to some Dostoevsky’s works and development of the Soviet army's counteroffensive to the West in 1944-1945 (as presented by Thomas Mann in «The story of a novel: the genesis of “Doctor Faustus”», 1949).
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Sampaio, Leandson Vasconcelos. "Tradução de "Le combat continue..." (Albert Camus)." Revista Dialectus - Revista de Filosofia, no. 24 (December 30, 2021): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30611/2021n24id78037.
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Tradução de CAMUS, Albert. Le combat continue... In: CAMUS, Albert. Œuvres Complètes. Bibliotèque de la Pléiade. Articles, préfaces, conférences. (1944-1948). Articles publiés dans “Combat” (1944-1947). Éditions Gallimard, Paris: 2006, pp. 515-516.
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Cuerda-Galindo, Esther. "Physicians imprisoned in Franco Spain’s Miranda de Ebro “Campo de Concentración”." Medical History 66, no. 3 (July 2022): 264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2022.20.
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AbstractMiranda de Ebro was created in 1937 to imprison Republicans and foreigners who fought with the International Brigades in Spanish Civil War. From 1940, the camp was used only to concentrate detained foreign refugees with no proper documents. More than 15 000 people, most of them from France and Poland, were kept there until the camp was closed in January 1947. Playing both sides of the international divide, fascist Spain at various points in time allowed passage and was a country of refuge both for those escaping Nazism and for Nazis and collaborators who, at the end of World War II (WWII), sought to escape justice. Treatment of each of these groups passing through Miranda was very different: real repression was meted out to the members of the International Brigades (IB), tolerance shown towards those escaping Nazism, and protection and active cooperation given to former Nazis and their collaborators. For the first time, data about foreign physicians imprisoned in Miranda de Ebro were consulted in the Guadalajara Military Archive (Spain). From 1937 to 1947, 151 doctors were imprisoned, most of them in 1942 and 1943, which represents around 1% of the prisoners. Fifty-two of the doctors were released thanks to diplomatic efforts, thirty-two by the Red Cross, and ten were sent to other prisons, directly released or managed to escape. All of them survived. After consulting private and public archives, it was possible to reconstruct some biographies and fill the previous existing gap in the history of migration and exile of doctors during the Second World War.
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Cymerman, Jarosław. "Osterwa po wojnie albo Pięknosłużca w Polsce Ludowej." Pamiętnik Teatralny 69, no. 2 (August 13, 2020): 179–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/pt.247.
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Artykuł jest poświęcony działalności Juliusza Osterwy po II wojnie światowej, w latach 1944–1947. Autor charakteryzuje społeczną i artystyczną postawę Osterwy wobec nowej rzeczywistości i przypomina rolę, jaką odegrał on w odbudowywaniu polskiego teatru po wojnie. Rysuje także obraz jego skomplikowanych relacji z komunistyczną władzą, pokazując, że wymykają się one jednoznacznym klasyfikacjom i ocenom. Tekst koncentruje się w głównej mierze na przedstawieniach zrealizowanych w tym czasie przez twórcę Reduty: Uciekła mi przepióreczka Stefana Żeromskiego (1945) w Krakowie, Fantazy Juliusza Słowackiego (1945) w Łodzi, Lilla Weneda Słowackiego (1946) i Papuga Kazimierza Korcellego (1946) w Warszawie, wreszcie Fantazy w Krakowie (1946) z ostatnią rolą Osterwy. Na podstawie prasowej recepcji tych spektakli tworzy obraz nadziei i napięć towarzyszących powojennej działalności wybitnego aktora, reżysera i pedagoga w ostatnich latach jego życia. Wspomina także o niezrealizowanych pomysłach, których śmiertelnie chory Osterwa nie zdołał urzeczywistnić.
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Lialiouti, Zinovia. "Meeting the Communist Threat in Greece: American diplomats, ideology and stereotypes 1944-1950." Twentieth Century Communism 17, no. 17 (September 1, 2019): 90–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/175864319827751358.
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This paper focuses on four US officials serving in Greece at a critical period in both Greek and American political history. The Greek Civil War (1946-9) was decisive in the development of the Cold War confrontation. The Truman Doctrine (1947) represents an ideological milestone in this respect. In particular, the paper explores the views of Lincoln MacVeagh (ambassador 1944-7), Paul A. Porter (chief of the American Economic Mission to Greece, 1947), Dwight Griswold (chief of the American Mission for Aid to Greece 1947-8) and Henry Grady (ambassador 1948-50), namely their perceptions of the Greek post-war crisis in relation to the strategic goal of anticommunism. The emphasis of the analysis is on their understanding of the Greek social and political conditions - and especially of the nature of the communist threat – and of the goals involved in the American aid to the country. These four case studies highlight the interaction between the prevailing ideology in foreign policy objectives and the personal belief systems. Cultural preconditions and stereotypes constitute the framework in the context of which US officials sought to contain the communist challenge in Greece both though military as well as through economic and ideological means.
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Stulczewski, Jarosław. "Polska Partia Robotnicza w Szadku w latach 1945–1948." Biuletyn Szadkowski 21 (December 10, 2021): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1643-0700.21.07.
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Komitet Miejski Polskiej Partii Robotniczej na terenie Szadku został utworzony w lutym 1945 r. Jego I sekretarzem przez cały okres istnienia był Józef Płusa, pełniący w latach 1946–1948 funkcję burmistrza Szadku. Tym samym PPR wspomagana przez PPS dzierżyła całkowitą władzę w mieście. W pierwszych miesiącach 1945 r. działacze PPR byli zaangażowani w realizację reformy rolnej, a następnie odegrali istotną rolę przy sfałszowaniu referendum w 1946 r. i wyborów do Sejmu Ustawodawczego w 1947 r. W maju 1948 r. zorganizowano Komitet Gminny PPR na czele z i sekretarzem Józefem Kolendą vel Kolędą, wybranym następnie na wójta gminy Szadek. Na podstawie zgromadzonych materiałów źródłowych można wysunąć wniosek, że szadkowska PPR przez cały okres swojego funkcjonowania wykazywała słabą aktywność polityczną. W szczytowym momencie działalności jej struktury w mieście liczyły nieco ponad 50 członków. W obliczu wielu problemów, z którymi borykano się w pierwszych latach po wojnie, a także w związku z wewnątrzpartyjnymi nieporozumieniami organizacja PPR na terenie miasta i gminy Szadek nie odegrała istotnej roli.
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Cook, Peter S. "The Early History of the New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists and the Related Movement for Primary Prevention in Mental Health: Some Recollections." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, no. 3 (June 1996): 405–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609065006.
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Following his return to New Zealand from London in 1940, Dr C. M. Bevan-Brown gave lectures leading to the formation of the Mental Health Club. In 1946 this became the Christchurch Psychological Society. The New Zealand Association of Psychotherapists was formed at a conference in 1947 and held annual conferences for many years. In 1948 and 1949 training courses for doctors and medical students were conducted. To combat widespread ignorance, a series of pamphlets on various aspects of emotional health was published, and in 1950 a book on psychotherapy and primary prevention. These inspired the formation of Parents' Centres from 1951, which, as branches increased, led to the New Zealand Federation of Parents' Centres. They later gained official medical recognition and played an historic role in transforming some aspects of New Zealand culture and guiding institutions towards greater sensitivity to the emotional and mental health aspects of pregnancy, childbirth and early parent-child relationships. The influence of this movement continues.
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Галів, Микола, Олександра Свйонтик, and Мирослав Ющишин. "СТУДЕНТИ ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО ТА УЧИТЕЛЬСЬКОГО ІНСТИТУТІВ У ЛЬВОВІ (1944‒1953 рр.): ЧИСЕЛЬНІСТЬ, УМОВИ НАВЧАННЯ І ПОБУТУ." Problems of humanities. History, no. 10/52 (July 4, 2022): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2312-2595.10/52.257899.
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Анотація. Мета дослідження ‒ з՚ясувати чисельність та матеріальні умови життя і навчання студентів Львівського державного педагогічного інституту та Львівського державного учительського інституту у 1944‒1953 рр. Методологія дослідження спирається на принципи науковості, історизму, системності, авторської об՚єктивності, а також на використання загальнонаукових методів (індукції та дедукції, аналізу і синтезу) та спеціально-історичних методів (історико-системний, історико-генетичний, історико-типологічний). Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що вперше здійснено аналіз матеріальних умов навчання і побуту студентів педагогічного та учительського інститутів Львова у перше повоєнне десятиліття (1944‒1953). Висновки. У результаті дослідження встановлено, що контингенти студентів ЛДПІ і ЛДУІ впродовж досліджуваного періоду поступово зростали. У 1944 р. прийнято 220 осіб, а на навчання зʼявилася лише 181 особа. Студенти перших курсів не були достатньо підготовлені, але на кінець навчального року 12 студентів ЛДПІ були повними відмінниками. Кількість студентів у ЛДПІ на 1946–1947 н. р. сягнула 443 особи. Дисципліна студентів була невисокою: багато з них відкладали виконання завдань і підготовку до екзаменів на кінець семестру, відвідуваність занять не перевищувала 90 %. Щороку певну кількість студентів заарештовували органи держбезпеки за «український націоналізм». План набору студентів на 1950–1951 н. р. був виконаний повністю із великим конкурсом на історичному та біологічному факультетах. За цей навчальний рік 132 студенти вступили до комсомолу, з них 118 – уродженці Західної України. Навчальний корпус ЛДПІ та ЛДУІ мав 138 кімнат. Початково у ньому містився навіть гуртожиток. У звʼязку зі збільшенням контингенту студентів, будівля вже на 1948–1949 н. р. виявилася замалою. У ній не було лекційних аудиторій, де можна було б помістити понад 50 осіб. Бібліотеку інституту після війни комплектували заново: на 1947 р. вона налічувала близько 40 тис. томів, на 1951 р. – 71,5 тис. Їдальня інституту утримувалася трестом їдалень та ресторанів. Стан гуртожитків був критичним. На 1950 р. проблема гуртожитку посилилася. На 700 студентів, які потребували житла, студентський гуртожиток міг забезпечити його тільки 265 особам. При інституті до 1949 р. діяло підсобне господарство (52 га землі), а згодом ботанічний сад площею 3 га.
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DA SILVA, ESTEVAM L. CRUZ, and JAMES E. CARICO. "Revision of the Neotropical nursery-web spider genus Thaumasia Perty, 1833 (Araneae: Lycosoidea: Pisauridae: Thaumasiinae)." Zootaxa 3567, no. 1 (November 29, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3567.1.1.
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The Neotropical spider genus Thaumasia Perty, 1833 is revised. Seven of the known species are redescribed andillustrated: Thaumasia senilis Perty, 1833 (type-species); T. abrahami Mello-Leitão, 1948; T. annulipes F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1903; T. argenteonotata (Simon, 1898); T. heterogyna Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936; T. scoparia (Simon, 1888)and T. velox Simon, 1898. Ten new species from the neotropical region are described and illustrated: T. caxiuana sp.nov., T. onca sp. nov., T. diasi sp. nov., T. xingu sp. nov., T. acreana sp. nov., T. caracarai sp. nov., T. peruana sp.nov., T. hirsutochela sp. nov., T. lisei sp. nov. and T. oriximina sp. nov. The types of Thaumasia senilis are assumed tobe lost and neotypes are designated. The males of Thaumasia heterogyna, T. annulipes, T. abrahami and the female ofThaumasia senilis are described and illustrated for the first time. Thaumasia annecta Bryant, 1948 and T. decemguttataMello-Leitão, 1945 are synonyms of Thaumasia velox. Thaumasia argyrotypa Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 issynonymized with Thaumasia heterogyna. Thaumasia argentinensis Mello-Leitão, 1941 is transferred to Lycosidaeand Thaumasia benoisti Caporiacco, 1954 is a junior synonym of Architis spinipes (Taczanowski, 1874). The types ofThaumasia argyrura Mello-Leitão, 1943, Thaumasia brunnea Caporiacco, 1947, Thaumasia strandi Caporiacco, 1947and Thaumasia rubrosignata (Mello-Leitão, 1943) are juvenile specimens, and those species are considered as speciesinquirendae. The type of Thaumasia niceforoi Mello-Leitão, 1941 was not found and is this is species is considered a nomen dubium.
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Borsato, Claudia Roberta, and Marcus Vinicius da Cunha. "POSSÍVEIS FONTES DA ESTRATÉGIA DIDÁTICA DE BETTI KATZENSTEIN * POSSIBLE SOURCES OF BETTI KATZENSTEIN’S TEACHING STRATEGY." História e Cultura 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2016): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.18223/hiscult.v5i1.1130.
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Resumo: Este trabalho tem por base uma pesquisa anterior que analisou uma série de artigos de Betti Katzenstein publicados entre 1947 e 1948 na coluna Clínica Psicológica, seção do Caderno Feminino do Jornal Folha da Manhã do Rio de Janeiro. A referida pesquisa revelou que alguns artigos eram elaborados na forma de diálogos entre duas personagens fictícias – Dona Anastácia, uma mulher de pouca instrução, e uma Psicóloga –, sendo esta uma maneira de a autora instruir seus leitores acerca de estratégias retóricas de persuasão. O presente trabalho focaliza as possíveis fontes de inspiração de Katzenstein, no que tange a essa estratégia didática. São analisadas as publicações da Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos entre 1944 e 1948, em busca de matérias relativas a metodologias de ensino e também dois livros (O teatro da espontaneidade, de 1923 e Psicodrama, de 1946) de autoria de Jacob Levy Moreno, criador do Psicodrama. Palavras-chave: História da Educação; História da Psicologia; Estratégias Didáticas; Persuasão; Retórica. Abstract: This work is based on a previous research that analyzed a series of articles published by Betti Katzenste between 1947 and 1948 in Rio de Janeiro’s Folha da Manhã Newspaper - Psychological Clinic column, Women's Notebook section. That research revealed that some items were prepared in the form of dialogues between two fictional characters - Dona Anastacia, a woman of little education, and a psychologist, in such a way in which the author could instruct readers about rhetorical strategies of persuasion. This work also focuses on Katzenstein’s possible sources of inspiration concerning teaching strategy. It analyzes the publications of the Brazilian Journal of Pedagogical Studies between 1944 and 1948 in search of matters relating to teaching methodologies as well as two books (The Theatre of Spontaneity from 1923 and Psychodrama from 1946) written by Jacob Levy Moreno, creator of Psychodrama. Keywords: History of Education, History of Psychology, Teaching Strategies, Persuasion, Rhetoric.
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Susilo, Agus, and Sarkowi Sarkowi. "Sejarah Perjuangan Mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Indonesia di Lubuklinggau Tahun 1947-1949." Diakronika 21, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/diakronika/vol21-iss2/198.
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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tentang Sejarah Perjuangan Indonesia: Kajian Historis Subkoss di Lubuklinggau Tahun 1947-1949. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian Sejarah. Dalam metode penelitian Sejarah ini peneliti menggunakan beberapa langkah seperti Heuristik, Verifikasi Sumber (Kritik Intern dan Ekstern), Interpretasi, dan Historiogfari Sejarah. Sumber-sumber penelitian yang didapatkan melalui studi pustaka di Museum Subkoss Garuda Sriwijaya berupa arsip-arsip Sejarah dan di Perpustakaan STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau. Hasil dari penelitian ini, yaitu a) Perjuangan Indonesia Dalam Mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Tahun 1947-1949, yaitu setelah berusaha memerdekakan diri pasca Jepang menyerah kepada Sekutu, bangsa Indonesia berusaha untuk menjadi negara merdeka pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945. Namun langkah tersebut dicampuri dengan kedatangan Belanda yang berkeinginan berkuasa kembali di Indonesia. Sehingga terjadi perang kemerdekaan antara tahun 1947-1949. Peran Subkoss di Lubuklinggau Tahun 1947-1949 Sebagai Basis Pertahanan Indonesia di Sumatera Selatan, yaitu setelah sabotase pasukan Belanda terhadap pejuang kemerdekaan di Palembang maka pecahlah perang 5 hari 5 malam. Oleh akibat peperangan tersebut pasukan Indonesia di Palembang berusaha menyusun kekuatan dibeberapa daerah termasuk di Lubuklinggau. Di Lubuklinggau tahun 1947-1949 dijadikan pusat Subkoss Garuda Sriwijaya Sumatera Selatan dalam menghalau serangan Belanda yang berusaha mengejar pasukan TNI dan laskar. Perjuangan Indonesia akhirnya berhasil dengan diakuinya kemerdekaan Indonesia tahun 1949 secara de facto dan de jure oleh Belanda dan dunia. Kesimpulannya adalah perjuangan Indonesia di Sumatera Selatan dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan Indonesia berkobar dimana-mana. Belanda berusaha menguasai Sumatera Selatan secara keseluruhan dan membasmi para pejuang. Perjuangan Indonesia berhasil dengan kekalahan Belanda dan penandatanganan kemerdekaan Indonesia secara de facto dan de jure.
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Lee, Sander H. "Film Gris v. Film Noir." Film and Philosophy 26 (2022): 123–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/filmphil202110158.
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In this essay, I argue that the distinction between film gris and film noir, introduced by Jon Tuska in his 1984 book Dark Cinema, enhances our appreciation of the philosophical attributes of such films. For Tuska, there are important differences between a film gris and a film noir. While a film gris may have a number of noir attributes (a shadowy noir visual style, a gritty urban setting, cynical characters, etc.) a genuine film noir is not merely a police procedural and must not have a happy ending, I will also argue that a film’s narrative perspective plays a vital role in determining whether its status is that of a film noir. I will make these arguments by examining a wide variety of films including The Maltese Falcon (1941), Out of the Past (1947), He Walks by Night (1948), The Narrow Margin (1952), Double Indemnity (1944), Repeat Performance (1947), and The Wrong Man (1956).
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Dondale, C. D., and J. H. Redner. "THE COLORADENSIS, XERAMPELINA, LAPPONICA, AND TESQUORUM GROUPS OF THE GENUS PARDOSA (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE) IN NORTH AMERICA." Canadian Entomologist 118, no. 8 (August 1986): 815–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent118815-8.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper treats taxonomically 10 North American species of the genus Pardosa. The coloradensis group contains only the three species Pardosa metlakatla Emerton, 1917, Pardosa coloradensis Banks, 1894, and Pardosa ontariensis Gertsch, 1933 (= Pardosa pristina Fox, 1937, new synonym). The xerampelina group contains three Nearctic species, namely, Pardosa diuturna Fox, 1937, Pardosa xerampelina (Keyserling, 1877) (= Pardosops impavidula Roewer, 1954, new synonym), and Pardosa nordicolens Chamberlin and Ivie, 1947. The lapponica group comprises the Holarctic species Pardosa lapponica (Thorell, 1872) (= Pardosa harperi Bishop, 1949, new synonym) and the Nearctic Pardosa concinna (Thorell, 1877). The tesquorum group is composed of the Holarctic species Pardosa tesquorum (Odenwall, 1901) and the Nearctic Pardosa mulaiki Gertsch, 1934.
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Fischer, Gad, and Robert G. Gilbert. "Ian Gordon Ross 1926 - 2006." Historical Records of Australian Science 20, no. 1 (2009): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr09003.
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Ian Gordon Ross (1926?2006) was educated at the University of Sydney (BSc 1943?1946, MSc 1947?1949) and University College London (PhD 1949?1952), did postdoctoral research at Florida State University (1953?1954), and was a staff member at the University of Sydney, 1954?1967. In 1968, he moved to the Australian National University (ANU) as Professor of Chemistry, where he also became Dean of Science (1973), Deputy Vice-Chancellor (1977) and Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Special Projects) (1989?1990). He was instrumental in setting up Anutech, the commercial arm of the University. He was a driving force behind the establishment of undergraduate and postgraduate engineering at the ANU. His research centred on electronic spectroscopy of pi systems.
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Petersen, Jógvan, Peter Skinhøj, and Thorkil Thorsen. "An Epidemic of Cirrhosis in Danish Women Revisited." Scandinavian Journal of Social Medicine 14, no. 4 (December 1986): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/140349488601400402.
Full textAbstract:
Between 1944 and 1947 the mortality statistics for the Danish population show an epidemic increase of liver diseases: subacute necrosis and cirrhosis. The epidemic only affected female mortality rates. Mortality due to cirrhosis remained at a higher rate for women than men until 1970 as a result of an excess mortality in the cohort of women who in 1945 were over the age of 45. Up to 1981 this group showed an excess of 4 000 fatalities. A re-evaluation of medico-statistical data shows that the disease cannot be explained by the epidemic hepatitis occurring in 1942–1944 or by increased consumption of alcohol. Possible causes could be pharmaceutical products or additives, perhaps hormone preparations.
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ІЛЬНИЦЬКИЙ, Василь, Наталія КАНТОР, and Тарас БАТЮК. "ПОВСЯКДЕННЕ ЖИТТЯ МИКОЛАЇВЩИНИ (1946–1947): У МАТЕРІАЛАХ ЗВІТНОЇ ДОКУМЕНТАЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ НАЦІОНАЛІСТІВ." Problems of humanities History, no. 12/54 (July 31, 2023): 371–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2312-2595.12/54.283757.
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Анотація. Мета статті – опублікувати і проаналізувати підпільний документ «Звіт за місяці грудень-лютий 1946–1947 рр.» (5 квітня 1947 р.) як джерело до історії повсякденного життя у Миколаївському районі зокрема, так і в Західній Україні – загалом. Методологія дослідження – принципи науковості, об’єктивності, історизму, методи зовнішньої та внутрішньої критики джерел. Наукова новизна полягає у тому, що до наукового обігу вперше вводиться досі невідомий документ до характеристики різних сторін повсякденного життя у Миколаївському районі (1946–1947 рр.) і здійснюється його аналіз. Висновки. Отже, публікований документ («Звіт за місяці грудень-лютий 1946–1947 рр.» є важливим джерелом до вивчення історії повсякденного життя різних соціальних груп населення не лише у Миколаївському районі Дрогобицької області, але й всієї Західної України. Зберігається він у Галузевому державному архіві СБУ (фонд 13, справа 376, том 76, аркуш 87‒111). Автор документа – особа на псевдо Поліщук. Сам документ був підготовлений 5 квітня 1947 р., хоча до нього увійшли інформаційні донесення за грудень 1946 – лютий 1947 р. У документі подається зведена інформація про кадрове наповнення, напряки роботи адміністративних, силових, господарських і культурно-освітніх органів. Водночас автор зафіксував і основні заходи, проведені українськими націоналістами (збройні акції, пропагандистська робота, суспільна опіка тощо). Відтак показав ставлення населення до руху. Також упорядник наводить інформацію про чисельність переселенців із Польщі, а також національних менших тощо. У виданні максимально збережено лексику, авторські та редакторські особливості джерел. Без змін подано власні і географічні назви. Виправленню підлягали лише найбільш очевидні граматичні огріхи. Кожен документ супроводжується легендою, в якій зазначено місце його зберігання (назва архіву, номер фонду, опису, справи, аркушів). Вважаємо, що доцільно підготувати окремий збірник підпільних документів, у яких розкриваються окремі аспекти повсякдення Миколаївщини у 1940–1950-х рр.
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Schulze-Hagen, Karl, and Tim R. Birkhead. "Nikolaas Tinbergen’s children’s book Kleew (1947): the story of a herring gull." Archives of Natural History 49, no. 2 (October 2022): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2022.0787.
Full textAbstract:
In September 1942, the pioneering ethologist Nikolaas (Niko) Tinbergen (1907–1988), together with other intellectuals who had protested against the expulsion of Jewish academics from Leiden University, The Netherlands, by the invading Nazi forces, was incarcerated in Beekvliet hostage camp in North Brabant. In his weekly letters home Tinbergen wrote Klieuw, the serialized story of a herring gull ( Larus argentatus), based on his previous field work, for his three children. Another inmate in the camp, Louis (L. J. C.) Boucher, a publisher, encouraged Tinbergen to publish the story as a book. Tinbergen and his fellow prisoners were released in September 1944 and with academic life returning to normal, Tinbergen went on a three-month lecture tour to the United States in 1946. It was there that the book, translated into English, was first published in 1947 under the title Kleew. The Dutch edition titled appeared a year later and was more successful than the English version, with many adults and children reading and memorizing the book’s contents. Because of Tinbergen’s extraordinary clarity of expression, Klieuw was considered one of the best Dutch children’s books of its time.
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Bortnik, S. M., and V. A. Grechenko. "ORGANIZAION AND ACTIVITY OF MILITIA IN THE UKRAINIAN SSR IN 1947: BASIC ASPECTS." Legal horizons, no. 17 (2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i17.p7.
Full textAbstract:
The activities of the militia in 1947 had their own peculiarities. This is, firstly, postwar devastation, which has reached enormous proportions. Secondly, it was the 1946-1947 famine in Ukraine, that had the worst results in the first half of 1947. Thirdly, it a post-war morally-psychological situation in society is a habit to violence and application of weapon. Fourthly, a negative influence on counteraction to criminality was the abolition of death punishment in May in 1947. Fifthly, in 1947 there is the strengthening of the general repressiveness of the totalitarian regime in Ukraine, due to the return to the leadership of L.M.Kahanovych. Sixth, 1947 was the peak of the increase of criminality in the post-war years. Seventh, on December, 14 in 1947 by a government resolution was accepted «About realization of monetary reform and about the abolition of cards on food and industrial stuff». The basic activity of militia, related to this event, came true already in 1948, that is why we examine the beginning of this work only. The review of literature testifies that a scientific problem is given is investigational not enough. The novelty of the article consists in that in her basic work of militia assignments are first studied in this certain historical period – 1947р., a question is complemented about the influence of structural changes in the organization of militia of Ukrainian SSR on counteraction to criminality. There was a reorganized control system of criminal search in these years, increase her basilar links and the number of skilled staff increased. In 1947 from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Ministry of State Security were transferred departments to combat banditry. At the offices of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, there were organized special departments to combat speculation. Militiamen of Ukraine in these years in majority honestly carried out the duties. But legality and discipline in a militia remained at an insufficient level. A militia did not succeed to be obtained an improvement of the criminogenic situation – the crime in this year grew. Need a further study activity of militia in relation to counteraction to hooliganism in an indicated period and the work of district militia officers. Keywords: Ukraine, 1947, militia, Ministry of Internal Affairs, counteraction of criminality.
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Zayats, B. R. "HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE OF PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN THE ANCIENT WORLD AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR ANTI-CORRUPTION ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE." Legal horizons, no. 18 (2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i18.p7.
Full textAbstract:
The activities of the militia in 1947 had its own peculiarities. This is, firstly, post-war devastation, which has reached enormous proportions. Secondly, it was the 1946-1947 famine in Ukraine, that had the worst results in the first half of 1947. Thirdly, it a post-war morally-psychological situation in society is a habit to violence and application of weapon. Fourthly, a negative influence on counteraction to criminality was the abolition of death punishment in May in 1947. Fifthly, in 1947 there is the strengthening of the general repressiveness of the totalitarian regime in Ukraine, due to the return to the leadership of L.M.Kahanovych. Sixth, 1947 was the peak of the increase of criminality in the post-war years. Seventh, on December, 14 in 1947 by a government resolution was accepted «About realization of monetary reform and about the abolition of cards on food and industrial stuff». The basic activity of militia, related to this event, came true already in 1948, that is why we examine the beginning of this work only. The review of literature testifies that a scientific problem is given is investigational not enough. The novelty of the article consists in that in her basic work of militia assignments are first studied in this certain historical period - 1947р., a question is complemented about the influence of structural changes in the organization of militia of Ukrainian SSR on counteraction to criminality. There was a reorganized control system of criminal search in these years, increase her basilar links and the number of skilled staff increased. In 1947 from the Ministry of Internal Affairs to the Ministry of State Security were transferred departments to combat banditry. At the offices of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, there were organized special departments to combat speculation. Militiamen of Ukraine in these years in majority honestly carried out the duties. But legality and discipline in a militia remained at an insufficient level. A militia did not succeed to be obtained an improvement of the criminogenic situation - the crime in this year grew. Need a further study activity of militia in relation to counteraction to hooliganism in an indicated period and the work of district militia officers. Keywords: Ukraine, 1947, militia, Ministry of Internal Affairs, counteraction of criminality
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Little, C. R., and I. D. Peggie. "Storage Injury of Pome Fruit Caused by Stress Levels of Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Temperature, and Ethylene." HortScience 22, no. 5 (October 1987): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.22.5.783.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Modification of the storage atmosphere to improve storage life of pome fruit began with storage in the presence of increased CO2 levels, was introduced by Kidd and West in 1927 (14), and was first used commercially for apples in England in 1929 (48). Controlled ventilation techniques were used in Australia to maintain CO2 at ≈5% and O2 ≈16% by monitoring air ventilation rates into sealed environments containing ‘Jonathan’ apples in 1940 (50) and apples and pears in 1947 (13). The same methods also were reported in the United States in 1941 (47) and in England in 1961 (10).
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Oliveira, Dennison De. "Da Segunda Guerra Mundial à Guerra Fria: políticas militares estadunidenses para a América Latina (1943-1947)." Diálogos 22, no. 1 (July 7, 2018): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/dialogos.v22i1.43638.
Full textAbstract:
O texto interpreta a atuação de organizações militares e diplomáticas estadunidenses dedicadas à América Latina. O contexto é o da transição da Segunda Guerra Mundial à Guerra Fria. A base empírica é composta por diferentes documentos mantidos nos Arquivos Nacionais dos EUA (US National Archives) do acervo do Comitê Consultivo Conjunto das Repúblicas Americanas, (Joint Advisory Board on the American Republics - JAB) cobrindo o período 1940-1945. O comitê estava encarregado de propor e executar políticas ligadas à Defesa Hemisférica a serem desenvolvidas em conjunto com os países da América Latina na guerra e no pós-guerra.
Abstract
From World War II to the Cold War: US military policies for Latin America (1943-1947)
The text interprets the performance of US military and diplomatic organizations dedicated to Latin America. The context is that of the transition from World War II to the Cold War. The empirical basis is composed of different documents maintained in the US National Archives of the collection of the Joint Advisory Board of the American Republics (JAB) covering the period 1940-1945. The committee was charged with proposing and implementing policies related to Hemispheric Defense to be developed jointly with the Latin American countries in war and postwar.
Resumen
De la Segunda Guerra Mundial a la Guerra Fría: políticas militares estadounidenses para América Latina (1943-1947)
El texto interpreta la actuación de las organizaciones militares y diplomáticas estadounidenses dedicadas a América Latina. El contexto es el de la transición de la Segunda Guerra Mundial a la Guerra Fría. La base empírica está compuesta por diferentes documentos mantenidos en los Archivos Nacionales de los Estados Unidos (US National Archives) del acervo del Comité Consultivo Conjunto de las Repúblicas Americanas (JAB) cubriendo el período 1940-1945. El comité estaba encargado de proponer y ejecutar políticas vinculadas a la Defensa Hemisférica a ser desarrolladas en conjunto con los países de América Latina en la guerra y en la posguerra.