Journal articles: '1947 Partition'

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Palit, Chittabrata. "PRELUDE TO PARTITION BENGAL 1937 - 1947." Jadavpur Journal of International Relations 8, no. 1 (June 2004): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973598404110004.

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Copland, Ian. "The Master and the Maharajas: The Sikh Princes and the East Punjab Massacres of 1947." Modern Asian Studies 36, no. 3 (July 2002): 657–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x02003050.

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EventDuring the spring, summer and autumn of 1947 India's richest province, the Punjab, played host to a massive human catastrophe. The trigger for the catastrophe was Britain's parting gift to its Indian subjects of partition. Confronted by a seemingly intractable demand by the All-India Muslim League for a separate Muslim homeland—Pakistan—a campaign which since 1946 had turned increasingly violent, the British government early in 1947 accepted viceroy Lord Mountbatten's advice that partition was necessary to arrest the country's descent into civil war. ‘Mahatma’ Gandhi notably excepted, the leadership of the Congress party came gradually and reluctantly to the same conclusion. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Jawaharlal Nehru's deputy, likened it to the cutting off of a diseased limb. But in accepting the ‘logic’ of the League's ‘two-nation’ theory, the British applied it remorselessly. They insisted that partition would have to follow the lines of religious affiliation, not the boundaries of provinces. In 1947 League president Muhammad Ali Jinnah was forced to accept what he had contemptuously dismissed in 1944 as a ‘moth-eaten’ Pakistan, a Pakistan bereft of something like half of Bengal and the Punjab and most of Assam.

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HERSHCO, TSILLA. "France and the Partition Plan: 1947–1948." Israel Affairs 14, no. 3 (July 2008): 486–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537120802127747.

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AHMED, AKBAR S. "Memories of Partition 1947." Journal of Refugee Studies 3, no. 3 (1990): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jrs/3.3.262.

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ROY, HAIMANTI. "A Partition of Contingency? Public Discourse in Bengal, 1946–1947." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 6 (February 18, 2009): 1355–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x08003788.

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AbstractThe historiography on the Partition of Bengal has tended to see it as a culmination of long-term trends of Hindu and Muslim communalism within the province. This essay offers a counter-narrative to the ‘inevitability’ of the Partition by focusing on Bengali public discourse in the months leading up to the Partition. The possibility of a division generated a large-scale debate amongst the educated in Bengal and they articulated their views by sending numerous letters to leading newspapers, district political and civic organizations and sometimes published pamphlets for local consumption. A critical examination of these public debates for and against Partition reveals the countdown to August 1947 as a period of multiple possibilities. Rather than being pre-determined, the stands for a separate or a United Bengal were contingent in nature. Understanding the genesis provides the starting point and the necessary corrective to evaluate India's path to post-colonial nationhood.

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Soroczyński, Rafał. "Acquisition of Title to Territory in the Aftermath of the Use of Force in the United Nations Era: The case of the State of Israel." Revue québécoise de droit international 30, no. 1 (September 26, 2018): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1053758ar.

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The territory to which the State of Israel had a title as a newly-created state corresponded to the areas allotted to Jews by the provisions of the resolution 181(II) adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on November 29, 1947, which had recommended the partition of Palestine and creation of the Arab state, the Jewish state and the City of Jerusalem as a corpus separatum. As this territorial regime had been modified during the Arab-Israeli war of 1948-1949 and Israel’s government has recognized the areas seized by it during the war as part of its territorial domain, the problem arose as to Israel’s title to those additional territories situated between the 1947 partition lines and the lines established in accordance with the armistice agreements of 1949. Due to important characteristics of the legal status of former mandatory Palestine and to the fact that considerable parts thereof became occupied territories, the process of consolidation of the title thereto required the consent of the international community as a whole. This consent has in fact been granted, both by the international community and by representatives of Palestinian Arabs, in respect of large parts of territories situated between the 1947 partition lines and the 1949 armistice lines. There are no doubts that the State of Israel has sovereign, uncontested rights to these areas. As it constitutes important departure from the generally accepted principle that the use of force in any form cannot serve as a root of title to territory, this situation is of particular interest, providing support for the view that this principle cannot be analyzed without due regard paid to those exceptional situations where the international community decided to depart from its strict application in order to safeguard stability of territorial solutions.

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Kumarasingham, Harshan. "Partition of India: Why 1947?" Asian Affairs 44, no. 2 (July 2013): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068374.2013.795297.

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SINANOGLOU, PENNY. "BRITISH PLANS FOR THE PARTITION OF PALESTINE, 1929–1938." Historical Journal 52, no. 1 (February 27, 2009): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x08007346.

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ABSTRACTThe 1937 Peel Commission proposal for the partition of British mandatory Palestine has generally been framed as the precursor to the United Nations partition plan of 1947. This article demonstrates the importance of tracing the roots of the 1937 Peel Commission plan back to conversations taking place in the Colonial Office and government of Palestine as early as 1929. A close analysis of dialogues over territorial division and of preliminary partition plans, particularly those drawn up by L. G. Archer Cust and D. G. Harris, leads to the conclusion that Britain's focus on the ideal of representative government played a primary role in the development of partition proposals. This article argues that inter-ethnic violence played a much smaller role in the development of partition proposals than has previously been thought. Instead, partition was proposed as a solution to the political implications of non-representative government in Palestine, a topic constantly in the spotlight thanks to the League of Nations.

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Majchrowicz, Daniel. "Fingernails Torn from Flesh: Intiz̤ār Ḥusain, Rām Laʿl, and Travel Writing across the India-Pakistan Border." Journal of Urdu Studies 1, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 241–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659050-12340012.

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Abstract Studies on the Partition of India have historically examined the years immediately before and after 1947, drawing heavily on Urdu fiction. Recent historiographic advances, however, emphasize “partitioning” to convey partition’s prolonged, indeterminate, and ongoing nature. This article suggests that the Urdu travel account is a primary literary space to negotiate the long-term signification of Partition and, as such, exemplifies processes of partitioning. It argues for the existence of a distinct category, the “cross-border travel account,” offering a critical and comparative reading of works by Intiz̤ār Ḥusain and Rām Laʿl to explore how the genre negotiates the legacy and future of Partition.

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Choudhury, Suranjana. "The Box, the Fish, and Lost Homes." Migration and Society 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2020.030124.

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The Partition of 1947 is a seminal episode in the history of the Indian subcontinent. Partition is still a living reality; it continues to define the everydayness of lives in the partitioned states. Memory is an important topic in the field of Partition Studies: the act of remembering and the subject of remembrance illuminate our understanding of Partition in more ways than one. Personal memories hold special significance in this regard. This article comprises two personal memory pieces on the cascading effects of Partition in individuals’ lives. The first story is a retelling of my grandmother’s experience of displacement and her subsequent relocation in newly formed India. The story brings forth memories associated with her wedding jewelry box, which she brought with her across the border. The second story focuses on the life experiences of my domestic helper, a second generation recipient of Partition memories.

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Cháirez-Garza, Jesús Francisco. "‘Bound hand and foot and handed over to the caste Hindus’: Ambedkar, untouchability and the politics of Partition." Indian Economic & Social History Review 55, no. 1 (January 2018): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464617745925.

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This article examines B. R. Ambedkar’s dramatically shifting politics in the years prior to Partition. In 1940, he supported the creation of Pakistan. In 1946, he joined Winston Churchill in his demands to delay independence. Yet, in 1947, Ambedkar rejected Pakistan and joined the Nehru administration. Traditional narratives explain these changes as part of Ambedkar’s political pragmatism. It is believed that such pragmatism, along with Gandhi’s good faith, helped Ambedkar to secure a place in Nehru’s Cabinet. In contrast, I argue that Ambedkar changed his attitude towards Congress due to the political transformations elicited by Partition. Ambedkar approached Congress as a last resort to maintain a political space for Dalits in independent India. This, however, was unsuccessful. Partition not only saw the birth of two countries but also virtually eliminated the histories of resistance of political minorities that did not fall under the Hindu–Muslim binary, such as Dalits. In the case of Ambedkar, his past as a critic of Gandhi and Congress was erased in favour of the more palatable image of him as the father of the constitution. This essay reconfigures our understanding of Partition by showing how the promise of Pakistan shaped the way we remember Ambedkar.

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Marston, Daniel P. "The Indian Army, Partition, and the Punjab Boundary Force, 1945—1947." War in History 16, no. 4 (September 15, 2009): 469–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344509343046.

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Rey-Schirr, Catherine. "The ICRC's activities on the Indian subcontinent following partition (1947–1949)." International Review of the Red Cross 38, no. 323 (June 1998): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400091026.

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In 1945, at the end of the Second World War, the British government clearly stated its intention of granting independence to India.The conflict between the British and the Indian nationalists receded into the background, while the increasing antagonism between Hindus and Muslims came to the fore. The Hindus, centred round the Congress Party led by Jawaharlal Nehru, wanted to maintain the unity of India by establishing a government made up of representatives of the two communities. The Muslims, under the banner of the Muslim League and its President, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, demanded the creation of a separate Muslim State, Pakistan. The problem was further complicated by the fact that the approximately 300 million Hindus, 6 million Sikhs and 100 million Muslims in British India were not living in geographically distinct regions, especially in Punjab and Bengal, where the population was mixed.

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Grantham, David. "Argentina, the Arab World, and the Partition of Palestine, 1946–1947." Journal of Global South Studies 36, no. 1 (2019): 88–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gss.2019.0005.

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15

Biger. "The Partition Plans for Palestine—1930–1947." Israel Studies 26, no. 3 (2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/israelstudies.26.3.03.

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Vincent, N. Ravi. "Azadi: Partition Holocaust." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i11.10092.

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Chaman Nahal’s Azadi, concludes on a note of forgiveness as the only means through which Indians can recover their sanity. And Lala Kanshi Ram, the protagonist of the novel, feels that to live at peace with oneself, one must cease to hate and learn to forgive. Thus humanism is very transparent in Nahal’s Novels. Azadi by Chaman Nahal accepts the partition as a fact, an inevitable happening and he does not blame anybody for the partition but he effectively showcases the excruciating pain, repercussions after independence in 1947 and halocaust experienced by people around.

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Choudhary, Sejal. "Understanding The Trauma of 1947 India-Pakistan Partition – An Account of Toba Tek Singh." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 7, no. 5 (2022): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.75.18.

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The year 1947 saw the birth of India’s freedom and the death of its people’s joy, leaving behind slaves of religious chauvinism, communal barbarity and inhumane cruelty. The partition of 1947 was a gruesome and landmark incident in the history of both the nations. The ‘bloody’ line of partition that was drawn by Cyril Radcliffe has not stopped bleeding since 1947. This line, drawn by a man who never visited the nation before, had marked the fate of millions, causing an unceasing chaos which eversince has been the reason behind tension between the two nations today. The two nations that were one community; a community which lived in peace and harmony once. The high spirits of the nation after its victory in the struggle for freedom was supressed by the pain of partition. Author Moni Mohsin, in her literature piece, throws light on the way India won this freedom at the cost of happiness and lives of millions. In her words – “The creation of India and Pakistan in 1947 led to horrific sectarian violence and made millions refugees overnight” (Mohsin). The partition of India was nothing less than a heart cut into two pieces and though wounds will heal, memories will fade but the pain will always reside in the hearts of the families that were destroyed. This grotesque event led by greed for political powers had caused one of the largest massacres and migrations in the history of mankind. Although the partition was a landmark incident in the geopolitical history of India, “Toba Tek Singh” by Sadat Hassan

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Gilmartin, David. "Partition, Pakistan, and South Asian History: In Search of a Narrative." Journal of Asian Studies 57, no. 4 (November 1998): 1068–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2659304.

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Few events have been more important to the history of modern South Asia than the partition of the subcontinent into India and Pakistan in 1947. The coming of partition has cast a powerful shadow on historical reconstructions of the decades before 1947, while the ramifications of partition have continued to leave their mark on subcontinental politics fifty years after the event.Yet, neither scholars of British India nor scholars of Indian nationalism have been able to find a compelling place for partition within their larger historical narratives (Pandey 1994, 204–5). For many British empire historians, partition has been treated as an illustration of the failure of the “modernizing” impact of colonial rule, an unpleasant blip on the transition from the colonial to the postcolonial worlds. For many nationalist Indian historians, it resulted from the distorting impact of colonialism itself on the transition to nationalism and modernity, “the unfortunate outcome of sectarian and separatist politics,” and “a tragic accompaniment to the exhilaration and promise of a freedom fought for with courage and valour” (Menon and Bhasin 1998, 3).

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Abdullatif, Noor Isa, and Isra Hashim Taher. "The Influence of the Partition on the Indian Family in Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day." Al-Adab Journal 3, no. 137 (June 15, 2021): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v3i137.1667.

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Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day (1980) is a partition novel which depicts the influence of the Partition between India and Pakistan on the unity of the Indian family. In 1947, India witnessed a civil war which led to partitioning it into two countries along religious lines. These events coincided with the end of the British rule in India. As a result of that, the Indian individual started questioning his real identity. During the period (1947-1970), India witnessed dramatic social, political, economic changes and transformations In her sixth novel Clear Light of Day, Anita Desai studies the impact of the Partition on the country and on the personal lives of the Indian individuals. The novel is precisely a depiction of family disintegration which parallels the disintegration of India under the Partition circumstances. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of the Partition on the Indian families which survive the civil wars between the Hindus and the Muslims. Also the study tackles the role of women in the Indian society and the influence of the western principles on them.

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Larson, Gerald James. "Partition: The “Pulsing Heart that Grieved”." Journal of Asian Studies 73, no. 1 (November 26, 2013): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911813001666.

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By way of framing Manan Ahmed Asif's intriguing personal (and poetic) reflection entitled “Idol in the Archive” in this current issue of the Journal of Asian Studies, it must always be remembered that in August 1947, the old British Raj gave birth to not one but two independent nation-states, namely India and Pakistan. India became a “Sovereign Democratic Republic” when its Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950, following adoption of its draft Constitution by its Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949. Pakistan took a bit longer, becoming the “Islamic Republic of Pakistan” when its first Constitution came into effect on March 23, 1956. Furthermore, of course, Pakistan underwent secession of its Eastern Province with the founding of the “People's Republic of Bangladesh” in 1971. It is hardly an exaggeration to suggest that partition is the defining event of modern independent India and Pakistan, and, more than that, continues to be the defining event of India and Pakistan even after more than fifty years of independence.

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Gilmartin, David. "The Historiography of India's Partition: Between Civilization and Modernity." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 1 (February 2015): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911814001685.

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More than sixty-five years after the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947, controversy about partition, its causes and its effects, continues. Yet the emphases in these debates have changed over the years, and it is perhaps time, in the wake of India's recent elections, to take stock once again of how these debates have developed in the last several decades and where they are heading. What gives these controversies particular significance is that they are not just about that singular event, but about the whole trajectory of India's modern history, as interpreted through partition's lens—engaging academic historians, even as they continue to be deeply enmeshed in ongoing political conflict in South Asia, and, indeed, in the world more broadly.

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Galnoor, Itzhak. "Introduction The Zionist Debates on Partition (1919–1947)." Israel Studies 14, no. 2 (July 2009): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/isr.2009.14.2.72.

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Freitag, Sandria B., and Joya Chatterji. "Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition, 1932-1947." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 27, no. 3 (1997): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/205969.

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Aiyar, Swarna. "'August anarchy’: The partition massacres in Punjab, 1947*." South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 18, sup001 (January 1995): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856409508723242.

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Philips, Cyril. "Was the partition of India in 1947 inevitable?" Asian Affairs 17, no. 3 (October 1986): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03068378608730233.

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Gordon, Leonard A., and Joya Chatterji. "Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition, 1932-1947." American Historical Review 102, no. 2 (April 1997): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170941.

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Sushil, Jey. "Making Sense of Fragmented Bodies across Generations: Tamas and Kitne Pakistan." Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 8, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2022.14.05.

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What is the real extent of 75 years when discussing a traumatic event like the Partition of 1947, at least in fiction? In a bid to explore this, the article analyzes two Hindi novels divided by a span of 27 years: the first, Bhisham Sahni’s Tamas (1973), was considered an early and now classic fictional intervention (though late by the standards of some other Indian languages, such as Urdu and Punjabi) in the narratives of Partition, and the other, Kamleshwar’s Kitne Pakistan (2000), was published at the cusp of the new millennium. Much had changed in India over those three decades. Did these changes brought about by globalization, liberalization, and new technology also influence the representation of violence, communalism, and relationships between communities, maybe even an understanding of the causes of the Partition? While examining the differences in narration of time and space, as well as stylistic divergences, the article notes and highlights the different ways in which both the novels lack a hero and deals with the idea of hope and utopia that is read in the context of violence during Partition/Partitions.

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Khalidi, Walid. "Revisiting the UNGA Partition Resolution." Journal of Palestine Studies 27, no. 1 (1997): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2537806.

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This article examines the 1947 UN resolution recommending the partition of Palestine into an Arab and a Jewish state as the fulfillment of fifty years of Zionist efforts to establish a Jewish state in Palestine and as the opportunity to expand that state. The article analyzes the components of the partition plan itself in the light of the demographic and land ownership realities of the time and discusses the implications to the present day of the general acceptance of the Zionist version of events.

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Tuteja, K. L. "Book review: Chhanda Chatterjee, The Sikh Minority and the Partition of the Punjab, 1920–1947." Indian Historical Review 47, no. 2 (December 2020): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0376983620968938.

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Ankit, Rakesh. "In the hands of a ‘secular state’: Meos in the aftermath of Partition, 1947–49." Indian Economic & Social History Review 56, no. 4 (October 2019): 457–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464619873819.

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This article focuses on unpacking the workings of the independent Indian nation-state in the region of Mewat in the aftermath of Partition violence, particularly the state’s rendering of the Meo community there as a minority. This violence has been called a ‘rite of political and territorial passage’ and ‘systemic ethnic cleansing’ by scholars Shail Mayaram and Ian Copland, respectively. Building upon their works, this article focuses on state actors and details their ‘rule of difference’ in the treatment of Meos through the years 1947 to 1949, that is, from their displacement to the conditions of their resettlement. This documentation is done by accessing the hitherto unused files of the Ministry of States, the Ministry of Relief and Rehabilitation, the Ministry of Home Affairs and the Prime Minister’s Secretariat at the National Archives, and the post-1947 papers of Jawaharlal Nehru and Pandit Sunder Lal held at the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library.

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Saha, Barnali, and Anup Beniwal. "Laughter in the communal: Partition politics and cartoons in Indian Press, 1946–1947." ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal 9, no. 9 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2019.00098.3.

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Qaisar, Shahzad, and Ayaz. "The Governor General and Provincial Politics: Jinnah's NWFP Politics (1947-1948)." Global Political Review VII, no. II (June 30, 2022): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2022(vii-ii).06.

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The politics of North-West Frontier Province was a tough task for Jinnah due to well-established rival political parties like Khudai Khidmatgars and Indian National Congress. He revived the dormant Provincial Muslim League in the post-1936 election period.But the situation did not change significantly. After the 3rd June plan,Jinnah wanted dismissal of the Congress ministry, which happened after partition as Jinnah dismissed the Congress-led ministry to install his handpicked Qaiyum Khan ministry. Rumours, doubts, and trust deficit prevailed between both sides. Jinnah guided and favored Qaiyum in every possible way through Governor General's office.Jinnah monitored the politics before and after his last visit to the province till his severe illness.

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Brown, Judith M., and Anita Inder Singh. "The Origins of the Partition of India, 1936-1947." American Historical Review 94, no. 3 (June 1989): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1873913.

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Aslam, Saiyma. "Recovered and Restored? Abducted Women in 1947 Partition Narratives." Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies: Alam-e-Niswan 27, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46521/pjws.027.01.0038.

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During the Partition of India in 1947, communal riots triggered unspeakable acts of horror against women of rival communities. A large number of women were abducted; some were later recovered and returned to their families. The trauma suffered by these abducted women and survivors extends all proportions. This paper analyses the dislocation, pain and trauma of abducted women, as depicted in two short stories: The Lost Ribbon by Shobha Rao (2016) and Banished (1998) by Jamila Hashmi originally published in Urdu as Banbas (exile) in Aap-Beeti, Jag-Beeti (1969). I consider the abducted women’s plight in view of the distinction Giorgio Agamben made of zoè (bare life) and bios (political life as a citizen) in Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life (1998) and The Use of Bodies (2015). I analyse how Partition reduced women to bare life, despite offering them hopes of life as a citizen of their respective independent countries. In this regard, I discuss their sufferings and trauma due to double dislocation, first stemming from rape, abduction and captivity in the wake of communal violence, and second due to the nature of the states’ intervention in their recovery and rehabilitation. My analysis also shows that recovery of abducted women should not be taken as synonymous with restoration because restoration of a traumatised human being to her pre-abduction state of mind and life is not possible.

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Talbot, Ian. "Literature and the human drama of the 1947 partition." South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies 18, sup001 (January 1995): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00856409508723243.

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Hashmi, Sohail. "Book review: Rakhshanda Jalil, Tarun K. Saint and Debjani Sengupta (Eds), Looking Back: The 1947 Partition of India, 70 Years On." Social Change 48, no. 1 (March 2018): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085717743853.

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Rakhshanda Jalil, Tarun K. Saint and Debjani Sengupta (Eds), Looking Back: The 1947 Partition of India, 70 Years On. Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan, 2017, 355 pp., ₹1095, ISBN: 9789386689566 (Hardbound).

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Dr. Asma Aftab, Sadia Akram, and Dr. Muhammad Asif. "Digitalizing 1947: A Postmodernist Analysis of the Shifting Faces of Communitarian Identity." sjesr 3, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss4-2020(215-222).

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This paper deals with the problem of identity during and after the Partition of the Indian Subcontinent in 1947. It focuses on the portrayal of the shifting faces of communitarian identity/politics by analyzing two digital versions of this historical event – one is Mehreen Jabbar's drama-film Ramchand Pakistani and the other is the adapted version of Razia Butt's novel Bano, broadcast by a private T.V Channel with the title of Dastaan. Based on the postmodernist shift from performance to performance, our argument foregrounds the digital representation of 1947 which offers new angles to view the subaltern story(ies) vis-à-vis the official history of nationalism by showing different characters who experience a fleeing sense of identity in their attempt to cope with the trauma of displacement and violence during 1947. In this article, the textual and digital versions of 1947 are read as cultural texts which embody the human and subjective experience and perceptions of ordinary human subjects from both sides of the divide, either during the historical event of Partition as sufferers or survivors or in current scenario in the wake of the politics of mistrust between Pakistan and India. The study concludes that digitalizing the history of 1947 offers an introspective representation of myriad experiences of people and their past which is different from a retrospective illustration of official history with its nationalist certitude and xenophobia.

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Vasishtha, Varun Dev. "Memories of a Lost Home: Intizar Husain’s Basti." Journal of English Language and Literature 6, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v6i3.304.

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In this paper, Intizar Husain’s novel on Partition, Basti is examined which depicts the human denouement that followed Partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The novel looks back at the aftermath of Partition after more than two decades, talks about the turmoil caused by the socio-political situation in Pakistan and the realization that the Partition was an ever going on event. The process of separate homeland for Muslims, the chief motive that resulted in Partition, was reversed with the secession of Bangladesh. Partition and migration have failed to provide stability to the migrants. Intizar Husain has recaptured the agony of Partition after a lapse of two decades. The novel, dealing with the Muslim perspective of Partition, depicts the plight of the members of the community who crossed over to Pakistan with the euphoria of the creation of a separate homeland, fail to realise their hopes. Feeling of alienation has been delineated in a highly subtle manner.

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Hassan Bin Zubair and Dr. Nighat Ahmed. "TRACING CULTURAL MORPHING AND DIASPORIC IDENTICAL APPREHENSIONS: POST-PARTITIONED (1947) CONTEXTUAL IDEOLOGIES IN LIQUID MODERN ERA." Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46662/jass-vol7-iss2-2020(150-161).

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This research explores the diasporic experiences of South Asian immigrants and cultural ambivalence in Kiran Desai’s The Inheritance of Loss (2006). It highlights the conditions when East Pakistan had to adjust to an altogether new environment separated from their original culture after the Partition of this subcontinent in the year 1947. It reveals that the same historical, ideological, and thematic properties have been coming through generations and diasporic writers select these themes as their major subject of discussion. This research explores the varied nuances of family relationships in the writings of recent diaspora writers like Desai. The surge of globalization has washed away solitary identities. Theories presented by Homi K. Bhabha and Stuart Hall help this study in finding the answers of the proposed research question. This research provides a chance to understand the impact of Post-Partitioned (1947) ideologies behind the theme selection in the writings of diasporic Anglophone writers.

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Mamud Hassan. "Issue of Dalit Identity and the Partition of Bengal." Creative Launcher 6, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.6.5.07.

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This paper attempts to present the history of partition of Bengal and the issues of Dalit communities that they faced during and aftermath of partition of India in 1947. It presents the experiences of the ‘Chhotolok’ or Dalits and the sufferings they encountered because of the bifurcation of the Bengal province. The paper deals with the migration process in Bengal side and the treatment of government and higher-class societies towards lower class/caste people in their ‘new homeland’. The paper presents an account of representation of Dalits in Bengali partition narratives and the literature written by Dalit writers. The paper also presents their struggles in Dandyakaranya forest and the incident of Marichjhapi Massacre in post-partition Bengal as depicted in several Bengali partition novels written in Bengali and English language.

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Chatterji, Joya. "The Fashioning of a Frontier: The Radcliffe Line and Bengal's Border Landscape, 1947–52." Modern Asian Studies 33, no. 1 (January 1999): 185–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x99003066.

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The partition of India is customarily described in surgical metaphors, as an operation, an amputation, a vivisection or a dismemberment. By extension, the new borders created in 1947 are often thought of as incision scars.

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Rahman, Md Mahbubar, and Willem Van Schendel. "‘I Am Not a Refugee’: Rethinking Partition Migration." Modern Asian Studies 37, no. 3 (June 25, 2003): 551–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x03003020.

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In the wake of Partition—the break-up of British India in 1947—millions of people moved across the new borders between Pakistan and India. Although much has been written about these ‘Partition refugees,’ a comprehensive picture remains elusive. This paper advocates a rethinking of the study of cross-border migration in South Asia. It argues especially for looking at categories of cross-border migrants that have so far been ignored, and for employing a more comparative approach. In the first section, we look at conventions that have shaped the literature on Partition refugees. The second section explores some patterns of post-Partition migration to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), and the third uses oral evidence from cross-border migrants to present a number of case studies. The concluding section underlines that these cases demonstrate the need for re-examining historiographical conventions regarding Partition migration; it also makes a plea for linking South Asia's partition to broader debates about partition as a political ‘solution’ to ethnic strife.

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Ray, Antara. "Book review: Rakhshanda Jalil, Tarun K. Saint and Debjani Sengupta (eds.), Looking Back the 1947 Partition of India 70 Years On." Sociological Bulletin 69, no. 2 (May 19, 2020): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022920923248.

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Rakhshanda Jalil, Tarun K. Saint and Debjani Sengupta (eds.), Looking Back the 1947 Partition of India 70 Years On. Hyderabad: Orient Blackswans Private Limited, 2017, xxxviii + 355 pp., ₹795 (pb). ISBN 978-93-5287-620-4.

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Gada, Muhammad Yaseen. "Jerusalem Unbound." American Journal of Islam and Society 32, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v32i3.999.

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Jerusalem represents the heart of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The everchangingevents there have perplexed and compelled analysts, political scientists,academics, and activists to devise countless solutions, especially since1948. Moreover, the last decade has witnessed a substantial change in its demographydue to the Separation Wall and the ongoing Jewish settlement inEast Jerusalem, both of which violate international law and agreements. Thephysical barrier is itself a grim reminder of Israel’s harsh unilateral and discriminatorymeasures that seriously impact for the bilateral peace process.Michael Dumper (professor of Middle East politics, University of Exeter)has written extensively on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In this book, he exploresand illustrates how, despite the wall (hard border), people on the bothsides have managed to create and retain various trans-wall spheres of influence(soft borders) by taking advantage of its porous nature to breach it by variousways. This reality, which renders Jerusalem a “many-bordered” or unboundcity, is primarily attributable to its rich, complex, and intersecting religiousand political interests that are sought and contested by many actors (p. 5).The city’s physical boundaries, discussed in chapter 1, shifted continuouslyfrom 1947 to 2003; the Separation Wall actually runs right through it. Accordingto Dumper, three major events have had long-term ramifications on thisconflict: the 1947 UN Partition Plan; the 1949 partition of East and West Jerusalembetween Jordan and Israel, respectively; and the ongoing illegal Israeli ...

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TALBOT, IAN. "A Tale of Two Cities: The Aftermath of Partition for Lahore and Amritsar 1947–1957." Modern Asian Studies 41, no. 1 (December 11, 2006): 151–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x05002337.

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Such modern cities as Breslau and Smyrna have suffered widespread destruction and demographic transformation in the wake of armed invasion. The neighbouring Punjabi cities of Lahore and Amritsar shared this experience, at the time of the 1947 division of the Indian subcontinent. Almost 40 per cent of Amritsar's houses were destroyed or damaged and its Muslim population fell from 49 per cent of the population on the eve of partition to just 00.52 per cent in 1951. Six thousand houses were damaged in Lahore and its Hindu and Sikh population who formed over a third of the population departed for India. The Luftwaffe had destroyed some 4185 houses in Coventry in an air raid for ever associated with the concept of concentrated bombing. The greater damage in peacetime Lahore and Amritsar was a result of disturbances surrounding the end of British rule. The cities lay at the heart of the region which bore the brunt of the 1947 upheaval. Ten million Punjabis were uprooted. In all around 13 million people were displaced by partition. This was the largest migration in a century whose wars and ethnic conflicts rendered millions of people homeless. The cities' proximity to the border (see map.) meant that they received large numbers of refugees. There were a million in Lahore alone in April 1948, two fifths of whom were housed in camps.

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Talbot, Ian. "SAFETY FIRST: THE SECURITY OF BRITONS IN INDIA, 1946–1947." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 23 (November 19, 2013): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440113000091.

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ABSTRACTA month into his viceroyalty, Lord Mountbatten took time out from sounding Indian political opinion about independence to discuss the future security of British residents with his provincial governors. By this stage, the concerns stemmed from fears of a general breakdown in law and order and Hindu–Muslim conflict rather than nationalist assault. Detailed plans were developed for a sea-borne evacuation. In the event, the only Britons who were evacuated were those airlifted from Srinagar in November 1947 as they were in the path of an invasion of the disputed Kashmir territory by Pakhtun tribesmen from Pakistan. Despite numerous articles on the British departure from India and the aftermath of Partition, little has been written about either the airlift or the broader strategic planning for European evacuation. The paper will focus on this neglected corner of the history of the transfer of power. It argues that while anti-British sentiment declined from a peak around the time of the Indian National Army trials, of 1945–6, the memories of the wartime chaotic flight from Burma and Malaya and the irreparable damage this had done to British prestige in Asia coloured the safety first approach adopted in 1947.

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Chhabra, Meenakshi. "Memory Practices in History Education about the 1947 British India Partition." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 7, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 10–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2015.070202.

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This article is an epistemological reflection on memory practices in the construction, deconstruction, and reconstruction of collective memories of a historical event involving collective violence and conflict in formal and informal spaces of education. It focuses on the 1947 British India Partition of Punjab. The article engages with multiple memory practices of Partition carried out through personal narrative, interactions between Indian and Pakistani secondary school pupils, history textbook contents, and their enactment in the classroom by teachers. It sheds light on the complex dynamic between collective memory and history education about events of violent conflict, and explores opportunities for and challenges to intercepting hegemonic remembering of a violent past.

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PURUSHOTHAM, SUNIL. "Federating the Raj: Hyderabad, sovereign kingship, and partition." Modern Asian Studies 54, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 157–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000981.

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AbstractThis article explores the idea of federation in late-colonial India. Projects of federation sought to codify the uncodified and fragmented sovereign landscape of the British Raj. They were ambitious projects that raised crucial questions about sovereignty, kingship, territoriality, the potential of constitutional law in transforming the colonial state into a democratic one, and India's political future more broadly. In the years after 1919, federation became a capacious model for imagining a wide array of political futures. An all-India Indian federation was seen as the most plausible means of maintaining India's unity, introducing representative government, and overcoming the Hindu–Muslim majority–minority problem. By bringing together ‘princely’ India and British India, federation made the Indian states central players in late-colonial contestations over sovereignty. This article explores the role of the states in constitutional debates, their place in Indian political imaginaries, and articulations of kingship in late-colonial India. It does so through the example of Hyderabad, the premier princely state, whose ruler made an unsuccessful bid for independence between 1947 and 1948. Hyderabad occupied a curious position in competing visions of India's future. Ultimately, the princely states were a decisive factor in the failure of federation and the turn to partition as a means of overcoming India's constitutional impasse.

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Bandyopadhyay, Drona. "Partition, Migration and a ‘New Class’ in Pakistan: 1947-1958." Electronic Journal of Social and Strategic Studies 03, no. 02 (2022): 163–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47362/ejsss.2022.3203.

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In 1947 Pakistan was carved out of India. The creation of Pakistan had a long invisible history and short and fast paced visible history. Both these historical forces helped the separatist Muslim leadership in India to realise Pakistan. After the creation of Pakistan, the Muslim refugees went to their cherish homeland in large numbers. Most of them were socially forward and economically stable. This class helped the new state to have a strong foundational base in all the state controlled and private sectors including bureaucracy and military. But the Punjabi ethnicity native to Pakistan, which is also Muslim, started to develop a sense of despair and difference towards them, though in crucial military and bureaucracy they played an equally dominating role in tandem. This reality started to evolve in the early 1950s and up to the first military takeover in 1958. It continued thereafter, but variegated regional and ethnic issues started to begin. The ethnic fissures threatening the unity and integrity of Pakistan in the current times have deep-rooted origins in its formative years, meriting an in-depth analysis of its ethno-political history. The aim of this paper is to analyse the course of first ten years of Pakistan in order to understand its ethno-political dynamics. By looking into its history with the help of secondary sources available on Pakistan, this paper attempts to facilitate greater understanding of Pakistan as a state and thereby indicating avenues to address its strife.

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Copland, I. "THE FURTHER SHORES OF PARTITION: ETHNIC CLEANSING IN RAJASTHAN 1947." Past & Present 160, no. 1 (August 1, 1998): 203–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/past/160.1.203.

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Journal articles on the topic '1947 Partition'

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