Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1947 Partition'
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Raghavan, Pallavi. "The finality of partition : bilateral relations between India and Pakistan, 1947-1957." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245128.
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This dissertation will focus on the history of bilateral relations between India and Pakistan. It looks at how the process of dealing with issues thrown up in the aftermath of partition shaped relations between the two countries. I focus on the debates around the immediate aftermath of partition, evacuee property disputes, border and water disputes, minorities and migration, trade between the two countries, which shaped the canvas in which the India- Pakistan relationship took shape. This is an institution-focussed history to some extent, although I shall also argue that the foreign policy establishments of both countries were also responding to the compulsions of internal politics; and the policies they advocated were also shaped by domestic political positions of the day. In the immediate months and years following partition, the suggestions of a lastingly adversarial relationship were already visible. This could be seen from not only in the eruption of the Kashmir dispute, but also in often bitter wrang ling over the division of assets, over water, numerous border disputes, as well as in accusations exchanged over migration of minorities. Much of the discussion on Indo-Pakistan relations was couched in adversarial and often vitriolic terms, both within the structures of government and in the press. Yet, given this context, there was also a substantial amount of space for cooperation between the two governments, and a closer scrutiny reveals that this space was explored by both sides. The logic of this cooperation was to find means of trying to ‘finalise’ the partition of India, and avoid prolonging its consequences. This deep seated drive to establish the legitimacy of both new state structures compelled a substantial degree of bilateral cooperation even in the face of daunting odds which favoured a violently hostile relationship. Thus, I argue that bilateral responses and mutually adversarial positions, were not inevitable or even unavoidable, but were in fact more contingent, and often taken despite the presence and articulation of a viable alternative.
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Chatterji, Joya. "Bengal divided : Hindu communalism and partition, 1932-1947 /." Cambridge : Cambridge university press, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35728995m.
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Lee, Richard Brian. "Women writing independence, partition and communal violence, 1947-2000." Thesis, Open University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.576666.
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Women Writing Independence, Partition and Communal Violence explores the important role literature has played in interrogating and supplementing historical accounts of women's experiences of Independence and Partition. It analyses how fiction highlights recurrent absences and inconsistencies in most historical accounts with regard to the significance of 1947 to women. Chapter One, Representing Partition, considers the descriptions of women's lives in the mid-1940s in historical texts, newspaper accounts and autobiographies. It emphasises how the effects of events upon women have often been elided or understated. Chapter Two, Gestures of Defiance and Subversion, focuses on Attia Hosain's Sunlight on a Broken Column (1961) and Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day (1980). It examines their portrayal of women's status in Indian society pre and post-1947 and investigates whether national freedom was matched by equal progress in the rights of women. Chapter Three, Woman as Sign, concentrates on Jyotirmoyee Devi's The River Churning (1967) and Bapsi Sidhwa's Cracking India (1988). It explores how Devi and Sidhwa delineate the repercussions for women of the brutalities of 1946-47. It contends that these novels' particular strengths lie in their revelations of women's lives after assault/abduction and of their participation in social work. Chapter Four, Learningfrom Past Lives, analyses Manju Kapur's Difficult Daughters (1998) and Shauna Singh Baldwin's What the Body Remembers (1999). It scrutinises how the texts present the transmission of memories across generations and how family or community recollections can unsettle selective and sanitised versions of history. This thesis underlines the vital function of literature in depicting the direct impact of this cataclysm upon women in 1947 and in the decades thereafter. It argues that, while such fiction is not the 'only witness' to women's experiences of Independence and Partition, it remains the most 'eloquent'
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Chatterji, Joya. "Communal politics and the partition of Bengal, 1932-1947." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273384.
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ROY, HAIMANTI. "CITIZENSHIP AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN POST PARTITION BENGAL, 1947-65." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147886544.
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Aiyar, Swarna. "Violence and the State in the partition of Punjab, 1947-48." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251566.
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Fitzpatrick, Hannah. "The parallel tracks of Partition, India-Pakistan 1947 : histories, geographies, cartographies." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/8063.
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On 15 August 1947, the British government withdrew from India and partitioned the subcontinent to create two new nation-states: India and Pakistan. The Partition of India and Pakistan has been studied chiefly as a historical phenomenon with legacies that reach into the present. Questions of geography and space are crucial to this history, yet have hitherto received scant attention. This dissertation is a historical geography of Partition that probes the interplay of temporality and spatiality, and the historical and geographical layering, at work in the making of India and Pakistan. It treats Partition as both an event and a process, examining how the 1947 borders were rooted in a set of imaginative geographies and material geographical practices that were fashioned for and applied to the purpose of refashioning territory as part of a transfer of colonial power to independent postcolonial states and the making of new (national, religious) identities. The dissertation teases out the constitutive role of ideals and practices of territorial and cultural imagining, classification, mapping and boundary-making in this historical geography, but also highlights their contingent and contested qualities. It critically analyses and reframes Partition historiography using a range of theoretical literatures (especially critical geographical work on empire and strands of postcolonial and subaltern theory) that foster a sensitivity to the entanglements of power, knowledge, geography, expertise in the context of Partition, and draws on an eclectic range of primary sources, including the hitherto unused papers of the geographer Oskar Spate. Parts I and II trace strands of geographical and cartographic representations of ‘India' and ‘Pakistan' before 1947. Part III examines the geographies and spaces of the Punjab Boundary Commission of July 1947, in which Spate participated as an advisor to the Muslim League. Part IV points to the continued relevance of these geographies of Partition and their critical framing in this dissertation as lines of power.
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Virdee, P. "Partition and locality : case studies of the impact of partition and its aftermath in the Punjab region 1947-61." Thesis, Coventry University, 2004. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/04e0b99c-beda-c8a8-c3f5-c91bf3525e59/1.
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The partition of India in August 1947 remains a watershed in the subcontinent’s history, defining the post-independence relationship between the two countries. The event was marked by the greatest migration in the twentieth century and the death of an estimated one million persons. The causes of partition and reasons for the associated violence have been examined previously. However, existing accounts tend to focus in general terms or at best has a provincial angle with respect to patterns of violence, resettlement and rehabilitation. Research in the past has also tended to stop at August 1947 without looking beyond this period. While there has been move towards examining the “lived” experience of partition, there remains a tendency to avoid locality focused case studies. A comparative India-Pakistan dimension is also missing, even in the ‘new history’ of partition. This thesis seeks to adopt a comparative case study approach. In addition to providing new empirical data, it attempts to uncover the differential experiences of violence, migration and the resettlement of partition refugees within the Punjab region. The thesis argues, firstly that localized patterns of political authority and culture impacted on the differential experience of partition related violence; Secondly, that the experience of partition and dislocation was a process rather than an event confined to August 1947. Finally, the thesis considers the extent to which the input of refugee capital and labour were locally significant in the region’s post-partition urban economic development. The thesis adopts a comparative history methodology with the use of three case studies, namely Malerkotla, and Ludhiana in East Pubjab and Faisalabad, formerly Lyallpur in West Pubjab. The themes explored include the differential experience of partition violence through a comparison between the Muslim Princely State of Malerkotla and the neighbouring British administered districts of the Ludhiana district. Some comparative insights into the role of the state and communal violence are also drawn by means of a brief examination of the circumstances in the Sikh ruled Princely state of Patiala. Patterns of urban migration are also explored, shedding new light on the motives behind places of resettlement. Again, a comparative history methodology is used. Finally, the role of refugee capital and labour in post-independence Indian and Pakistan Pubjabs are examined through the study of Ludhiana and Lyallpur. This approach represents the most sustained comparative examination of partition and its aftermath to date based on locality case studies.
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Bhat, Reiya. "India’s 1947 Partition Through the Eyes of Women: Gender, Politics, and Nationalism." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524658168133726.
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Scott, Bede Tregear. "Literature, community, and the Nation-state : literary representations of the 1947 Partition of India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613962.
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Shahani, Uttara. "Sind and the partition of India, c.1927-1952." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290268.
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Sindhi Hindus comprise the world's most widespread South Asian diaspora. When the British divided their Indian empire in 1947, unlike Punjab, Bengal, and Assam, they did not partition Sind (today a part of Pakistan), despite the minority campaign for a partition of the region. Sind's partition in 1947 was a deterritorialised and demographic one, producing over a million 'non-Muslim' refugees who resettled in India and abroad. A frequently overlooked region in histories of South Asia, Sind is of profound importance to the history of the partition of India. In the decades preceding partition Sind formed the core of the demand for the creation of 'Muslim majority' provinces that later gave Pakistan its territorial basis. This thesis outlines a new history of partition from the pre-partition Sindhi movement for separation from the Bombay Presidency. It explores the hardening of communal identities in a province renowned for its blurred religious boundaries and the ambiguities of defining a 'Muslim majority' province in the run-up to the foundation of Pakistan. Partition histories emphasise the role of sudden and unexpected genocidal violence in creating refugees. The processes of nation-formation and establishing new political-legal sovereignties also shaped refugee flows. Sindhi Hindu migration at the time of partition is also located within their older histories of mobility and suggests a more complex picture of displacements at the time of partition. Largely unwelcome in India, Sindhi refugees exercised a considerable amount of initiative, in rehabilitating themselves and in challenging the state's slow response to their demands for rehabilitation. Using rarely studied legal archives, this thesis charts how, despite being a stateless minority, Sindhi refugees' legal campaigns shaped the Indian constitution and informed broader notions of Indian citizenship. Refugee initiatives to create a 'new' Sind and port in Kutch collided with the governmental agenda to secure the integration of the princely states and harness their economic resources to the Indian Union. By investigating the 'failures' of this attempt to re-establish 'Sind in India', this thesis provides unique insights into the fraught interaction between refugee resettlement and the birth of a new nation.
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Peterson, Jody L. "Anglo-American Relations and the Problems of a Jewish State, 1945- 1948." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501226/.
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This thesis is concerned with determining the effect of the establishment of a Jewish state on Anglo-American relations and the policies of their governments. This work covers the period from the awarding of the Palestine Mandate to Great Britain, through World War II, and concentrates on the post-war events up to the foundation of the state of Israel. It uses major governmental documents, as well as those of the United Nations, the archival materials at the Harry S. Truman Library, and the memoirs of the major participants in the Palestine drama. This study concludes that, while the Palestine problem presented ample opportunities for disunity, the Anglo-American relationship suffered no permanently damaging effects.
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Chatta, Ilyas Ahmad. "Partition and its aftermath : violence, migration and the role of refugees in the socio-economic development of Gujranwala and Sialkot cities, 1947-1961." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/366712/.
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The partition of India in August 1947 was marked by the greatest migration in the Twentieth Century and the death of an estimated one million persons. Yet until recently (Ansari 2005; Talbot 2006) little was written about the longer term socioeconomic consequences of this massive dislocation, especially for Pakistan. Even when the 'human dimension' of refugee experience rather than the 'high politics' of partition was addressed, it was not specifically tied to local case studies (Butalia, 1998). A comparative dimension was also missing, even in the 'new history' of partition. The thesis through case studies of the Pakistan Punjab cities of Gujranwala and Sialkot examines partition related episodes of violence, migration and resettlement. It draws on hitherto unexplored original sources to explain the nature, motivation and purpose of violence at the local level. It argues that the violence in both cities was clearly politically rather than culturally and religiously rooted. The problems of finding accommodation and employment as well as patterns of urban resettlement are also explored. The thesis shows how the massive shifts in population influenced and transformed the socio-economic landscape of the two cities. It also addresses wider issues regarding the relative roles of refugees and locally skilled craftsmen in rebuilding the cities' economies following the migration of the Hindu and Sikh trading and commercial class. This analysis reveals that while partition represented a major disruption, continuities persisted from the colonial era. Indeed, Sialkot's post-independence development owed more to the skill base it inherited than to the refugee influx.
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Randall, Jennifer. "Fractures de l'histoire post-Partition dans les romans féminins issus du sous-continent indien." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080145.
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La Partition de l’Inde (1947) et la Guerre de libération du Bangladesh (1971) sont deux moments de transition qui exposent la violence de constructions nationales post-coloniales. Les actes perpétrés sur une base ethno-religieuse ont donné lieu à des récits privés pourtant occultés au profit de récits nationaux hégémoniques auto-légitimants. Ces récits attestent tout particulièrement de l’instrumentalisation de figures et de corps de femmes comme lieu de marquage de conflits communautaires. Face au silence imposé par les divers appareils d’État patriarcaux, trois générations de romancières ont cherché à renverser les récits hégémoniques en Inde, au Pakistan et au Bangladesh, par le biais d’une fiction romanesque caractérisée par son incoercibilité et son engagement féministe. Leur écriture de fiction répond à la violence de la fracture de l’Histoire par une poétique de la fragmentation, dont le tout dresse un portrait obscène, monstrueux et carnavalesque de la formation d’États-nations contemporains. Cette écriture romanesque, qu’elle soit sous-continentale ou diasporique, résiste à toute forme de frontières (idéologiques, littéraires, commerciales, etc.), et se consolide par sa prise de position à la fois complexe et engagée. La poétique de fragmentation est amenée par des phénomènes linguistiques, littéraires, sociologiques et politiques. Ce corpus se compose de romans couvrant l’ensemble de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, publiés (chronologiquement) par Jyotirmoyee Devi, Anis Kidwai, Mumtaz Shah Nawaz, Attia Hosain, Amrita Pritam, Sophia Mustafa, Bapsi Sidhwa, Anita Rau Badami , Shauna Singh Baldwin Meena Arora Nayak, Sorayya Khan, Kamila Shamsie et Tahmima AnamThe Partition of India (1947) and the Bangladesh Liberation War (1971) are two transitory moments which reveal the violence of post-colonial nation-building. The acts performed upon an ethno-religious basis have given rise to many private stories, themselves stifled by self-legitimating national master narratives. These stories particularly highlight the instrumentalisation of the idea and the bodies of women in carrying out communal conflict. Three generations of women novelists have sought to break the silence imposed by patriarchal State apparatuses and religious radicalism. They turn to the impetuousness of the literary genre of the novel in order to thwart Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi master narratives. As such they write back to the violent fracture of History, through a poetics of the fragment, and together draw an obscene, monstrous and carnival-like portrait of contemporary Nation-States. Such novels, whether sub-continental or diasporic, resist all forms of borders (whether ideological, literary, commercial, etc.), driven instead by their commitment to contradiction. The fragmentation which defines them is all at once linguistic, literary, sociological and political. Our study comprises novels written (chronologically) by Jyotirmoyee Devi, Anis Kidwai, Mumtaz Shah Nawaz, Attia Hosain, Amrita Pritam, Sophia Mustafa, Bapsi Sidhwa, Anita Rau Badami , Shauna Singh Baldwin Meena Arora Nayak, Sorayya Khan, Kamila Shamsie and Tahmima Anam
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Soukaï, Sandrine. "Les Ombres de la Partition dans les romans indiens et pakistanais de langue anglaise." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040138.
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Le roman indien et pakistanais de langue anglaise est habité par le trauma de la Partition à travers des tropes de l’esthétique moderniste comme la fragmentation et l’ellipse. Il est aussi structuré par des métaphores de mutilation, de déracinement, d’exil, ainsi que par la figure symbolique du réfugié. Non exploré jusqu’ici, le trope visuel et poétique des ombres inscrit en creux dans la fiction la violence inexprimable de la Partition. Signes prémonitoires de la rupture cataclysmique de 1947, dans le roman Twilight in Delhi (1940), les ombres dramatisent les conséquences dévastatrices de la modernité coloniale sur la haute culture musulmane de l’Inde. Dans quatre romans publiés après la fracture du sous-continent – Sunlight on a Broken Column (1961), Clear Light of Day (1980), The Shadow Lines (1988), Burnt Shadows (2009) –, les ombres sont les traces-mémoires indélébiles, poreuses, et instables qui imprègnent la cartographie régionale et les psychés individuelles. Associée aux tropes ambivalents du fantôme et du miroir, l’ombre subvertit l’historiographie officielle en ouvrant un espace mémoriel dans lequel les souvenirs d’individus et de familles subalternes, transmis sur plusieurs générations, lient la Partition à d’autres traumas internationaux à travers des nœuds de mémoire multidirectionnelle. Par sa dimension visuelle, l’ombre produit une mémoire corporelle qui implique le lecteur dans une sémiotique empathique et réflexive du regardPartition inhabits the Indian and the Pakistani novel in English through modernist tropes such as ellipsis and fragmentation, metaphors of mutilation, dislocation and exile, and the symbolic figure of the refugee. The unspeakable violence of this trauma is also embedded within the narrative through the visual and poetic trope of the shadows, which has not been examined yet. In the novel Twilight in Delhi (1940), the shadows are premonitions of the cataclysm of 1947 as they stage the devastating impacts of colonial modernity on the high Muslim culture of India. In four novels published after the division of the subcontinent – Sunlight on a Broken Column (1961), Clear Light of Day (1980), The Shadow Lines (1988), Burnt Shadows (2009) –, the shadows are indelible, porous and unstable memory-traces that permeate the regional cartography and individual psyches. Together with the dual motives of the ghost and the mirror, these shadows subvert the official historiography and open up a discursive space in which the memories of subaltern individuals and families, transmitted over several generations, connect Partition to other international traumas via knots of multidirectional memory. Through their visual dimension, the shadows shape a body memory which involves the reader in an empathic and reflexive semiotics of the gaze
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Azevedo, Amandine d'. "Cinéma indien, mythes anciens, mythes modernes : résurgences, motifs esthétiques et mutations des mythes dans le film populaire hindi contemporain." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030126.
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Le cinéma populaire indien est à la fois un lieu de création de mythes filmiques puissants et un univers qui interagit avec un autre corpus, celui des mythes et des épopées classiques, plus particulièrement le Ramayana et le Mahabharata. Si ces derniers ont souvent été l’objet d’adaptations, surtout dans les premières décennies du cinéma indien, le cinéma contemporain compose des rapports complexes et singuliers vis-à-vis des héros et de leurs hauts faits. Les mythes traditionnels surgissent au détour d’un plan, à la manière d’une résurgence morale, narrative et/ou formelle, tout comme – dans un mouvement inverse – le cinéma cherche ces mêmes mythes pour consolider son imaginaire. Ce travail sur les relations entre mythe et cinéma croise le champ de la politique et de l’Histoire. Les mouvements pour l’Indépendance, la Partition, les tensions intercommunautaires s’insinuent dans le cinéma populaire. La présence des mythes dans les films peut devenir une fixation esthétique des traumatismes historico-politiques. La difficulté de représenter certains actes de violence fait qu’ils viennent parfois se positionner de manière déguisée dans les images, modifiant irrémédiablement la présence et le sens des références mythologiques. Les mythes ne disent ainsi pas tout le temps la même chose. Ces résurgences mythologiques, qui produisent des mutations et des formes hybrides entre les champs politique, historique, mythique et filmique, invitent par ailleurs à un décloisonnement dans l’analyse de la nature et des supports des images. Ainsi, des remarques sur la peinture s’invitent dans le cours de la recherche aussi naturellement que des œuvres d’art contemporain, des photographies ou l’art populaire du bazar. Un champ visuel indien, large et métissé, remet en scène constamment des combinaisons entre l’arrière-plan et l’avant-plan, entre la planéité et la profondeur de champ, entre l’ornementation d’un décor et son abandon. Le cinéma populaire, traversé par la mémoire des mythes et des formes, devient le creuset d’un renouveau esthétiqueIndian popular cinema is both a place of filmic mythical creation and a universe interacting with previous bodies of work; the classical myths and epics, and especially the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Although the latter have often been adapted, especially in the early decades of Indian cinema, contemporary cinema builds complex and attitudes towards heroes and their achievements. Traditional myths appear in a shot, in the manner of a moral, narrative and/or formal resurgence. In an opposite movement, this cinema seeks those same myths to strengthen its imagination. Working on the relations between myth and cinema, one has to cross the political and historical field, for Independence movements, Partition and inter-community tensions pervade popular cinema. Myths in movies can become an aesthetic fixation of historical-political traumas. The challenge of some representation of violent acts explain that they sometimes hide themselves in images, irreversibly altering the presence and meaning of mythological references. Therefore, myths don't always tell the same story. Those mythological resurgences, producing mutations and hybrid forms between the political, historical, mythical and film-making fields, also invite a de-compartmentalisation when we analyse the nature of the images and the mediums that welcome them. Our study naturally convenes notes on painting, as well as contemporary art, photography or bazaar popular art. A broad and mixed Indian visual field constantly recombines background and foreground, flatness and depth of field and ornemented and neglected sets. Popular cinema, moved by the memory of myths and forms, becomes the breeding ground of an aesthetic revival
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Habig, Claire. "Mouvement et musique, partance et partition dans les oeuvres de Jacques Réda, Guy Goffette et Jean-Michel Maulpoix." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC012/document.
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Cette étude vise à montrer le lien entre mouvement et musique dans les œuvres de Jacques Réda, Guy Goffette et Jean-Michel Maulpoix. Leurs textes sont traversés par toutes sortes de déplacements, aussi insatisfaisants que complexes puisque départ et retour se mêlent au point dedevenir interchangeables. Entravés ou contraints d’avancer, les poètes rêvent de s’établir dans un entre-deux : entre mobilité et immobilité, entre départ et retour, entre ici et ailleurs. La partance est le moyen qu’ils trouvent pour concilier les opposés et partir tout en restant. C’est grâce à la musique et à la transposition d’éléments propres à cet art qu’ils parviennent à mener à bien ce paradoxal mouvement de surplace. En effet, par la mise en œuvre d’une partition ils déclenchent une efficace partance. La langue musicale se fait alors pleinement un moyen de transport. Véhicule et émotion, elle débouche sur des épisodes de danse où se réalise l’alliance du mouvement et de la musiqueThis study tries to show the connection between movement and music in the works of Jacques Réda, Guy Goffette and Jean-Michel Maulpoix. Many kinds of complex and disappointing movements go accross their texts, and way off and way back are so intermingled that they become interchangeable. Trapped or forced to move forward, the poets dream to live between mobility and immobility, departure and return, here and away. The partance is the way they found out to reconcile the opposite and go away while they stay. Thanks to the music and to the transposition of its elements, they succeed in leading this paradoxical and motionless movement. With the writing of a score – partition – they cause an efficient partance. Their musical language becomes a means of transport. Vehicle and emotion, it leads to danse scenes where the alliance of movement and music shows through
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Lescure, Jean-Claude. "Le Parti républicain italien : 1943-1948." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0005.
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La première partie s'intéresse au PRI dans une période de transition démocratique : force ancienne mais anéantie, le PRI n'est qu'un parti républicain parmi d'autres, groupuscule qui réussit grâce à son travail de propagande, à son discours d'hostilité à la monarchie et à ses propositions, peu actualisées, puisées dans l'héritage d'avant-guerre. Reconstruction et préalable institutionnel conditionnent ses réactions face aux pouvoirs politiques. La seconde partie traite de la culture politique républicaine fondée sur des choix philosophiques et l'action de ses hommes. Usant d'une symbolique et de rites politiques, le PRI propose ses valeurs comme solutions aux problèmes du temps. Il précise ses structures et tente de les rationaliser tout en s'entourant d'organisations actives dans toutes les sphères du politique. La sociologie du parti permet d'aborder les militants et les élites qui se reconnaissent dans cette culture. La troisième partie met en évidence le passage de la contestation au pouvoir. Dès le 2 juin 1946, le préalable institutionnel s'efface et la mutation gouvernementale commence. Entrainant un renouvellement des hommes, des programmes et des idées. Choisie par les militants, ou imposées de l'extérieur par les relations internationales, les modifications contribuent à la défaiteThe first part deals with the IRP in a period of democratic transition: an old but died out force, the IRP is but a republican party among others, a faction whose success is due to its active propaganda its declared hostility towards monarchy whose propositions come from a pre-war heritage and lack actualization. Reconstrution and institutional prerequisite determine its position towards the political powers. The second part deals with the republican political culture based on philosophical options and its militants'action. Through symbolic and political rites, the IRP presents its values as a solution to the problems of the time. It sharpens its structures and strives to rationalize them even as it tries to win itself the support of active organizations from the whole political spectrum. The party's sociology allows to reach the militants and the elites who identify with this culture. The third part focuses on the transition from protest to power. From June 2, 1946 onwards, the institutional prerequisite vanishes and the governmental mutation begins, entailling a renewing of men, programs and ideas. Chosen by the militants, or imposed from outside by international relations, the modifications contribute to the defeat of 1948
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Osman, Newal. "Partition and Punjab politics, 1937-55." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608215.
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Smylie, Patrick. "Irish communism 1945-70 : cold war, partition and convergence." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534585.
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Gould, William. "Hindu nationalist ideologies in the politics of the Congress in the United Provinces, 1930-1947." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273390.
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Rynne, James P. "Border States: Destroying Partition and Defending the Realm, 1949-1961." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108818.
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Thesis advisor: Oliver P. RaffertyThesis advisor: Robert J. Savage
Irish Republicans found themselves at a crisis moment in 1949. Legislation enacted by each state on the island affirmed the political reality of Ireland’s partition. The Southern state declared an Irish Republic while the Northern state affirmed Northern Ireland’s continuing integration with the United Kingdom. The partition of island between these two governments was reinforced by the Irish border in the 1950s as it had been for the previous three decades. The Irish Republican Army remained committed to ending the separation through force while the Northern Ireland security apparatus steadfastly safeguarded the realm against any foreign incursion or domestic insurrection. Irish Republicanism reorganized and the IRA launched a disastrously planned and under-resourced Border Campaign between 1956 and 1962. The IRA was fully repelled by the Northern security forces: the Royal Ulster Constabulary supported by the Special Constabulary with security assistance from the governments in Belfast, London and, eventually, Dublin. The militant aspect was accompanied by political measures that reaped electoral gains and signs of public support peaking in the mid-1950s before a clear repudiation of the movement by the end of the decade. By the start of the 1960s, the IRA had been defeated and Irish Republicanism was reeling, unsure of its future political vitality and social relevance. Northern Ireland and the Irish border was more secure than at any point in its previous 40 years of existing, ruled by a strong, confident British Unionist hegemony. For Irish Republicans living on the frontier of the Northern Ireland state, new modes of political thinking and confrontational actions with the state had been attempted and ultimately abandoned. This project examines the main dynamics at play along the Irish border between 1949 and 1961. Focus will be on the Sinn Féin, the IRA and Liam Kelly’s Republican splinter group Saor Uladh, the RUC, B-Specials and militant-political Unionism, and the role of governments in Belfast, Dublin and London during the costly decade of the 1950s
Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2020
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
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Aslam, Maqsood. "Essays on the effects of natural and geo-political shocks on decision-making and preferences." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A021.
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Cette thèse est composée de quatre chapitres analysant différents chocs naturels et géopolitiques et leurs conséquences au niveau individuel dans les pays développés et en développement. Le premier chapitre explore l’effet du tremblement de terre en 2005 au Pakistan sur la religiosité. Nous avons trouvé une relation positive entre l’expérience d’une catastrophe naturelle et la religiosité. Cette analyse corrobore l’hypothèse de refuge dans la religion, c’est-à-dire que les individus sont plus enclins à se tourner vers la pratique religieuse après l’expérience d’une catastrophe naturelle. Le deuxième chapitre analyse l’impact d’une expérience passée d’une catastrophe naturelle pendant l’enfance des banquiers centraux sur la capacité de réaction de ces mêmes banquiers sur une même catastrophe naturelle apparaissant pendant leurs mandats. Les résultats nous montrent que les déterminants standards impactent significativement la dynamique de l’inflation ainsi que l’impact de l’expérience passée d’une catastrophe naturelle. Plus précisément, les banquiers centraux qui ont été exposés durant leur enfance à une catastrophe naturelle tendent à gérer l’inflation différemment, et ce de façon plus conservatrice ; notons que les inondations font exception à cette relation. Le troisième chapitre examine comment le point de vue des individus sur le rôle de l’État à fournir une assurance chômage est influencé par le régime politique socialiste. Nous avons trouvé que les européens de l’Est qui ont suivi leur éducation sous un régime socialiste, comparés aux européens de l’Ouest dont l’éducation s’est déroulée après la chute du communisme ont plus tendance à soutenir le rôle du gouvernement dans l’apport d’une assurance chômage. Le quatrième et dernier chapitre étudie les conséquences éducatives de la partition de l’Inde Britannique sur différents groupes ethniques du Pakistan. Il en résulte que les cohortes nées pendant la partition ont une probabilité plus faible d’avoir une éducation de base comparées à leurs comparses. Ceci nous montre à quel point la partition a été un choc douloureux dans l’histoire au point que trois générations de pakistanais ont été impacté par cette partitionThis thesis entails four essays/chapters on different natural and geo political shocks and their outcomes at the individual level, in both developed and developing countries. The first essay explores the effect of the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan on religiosity. The results indicate positive association between exposure to natural disaster and religiosity. The analysis indicates that religiosity foster coping with earthquake outcomes, as individuals are more inclined towards religious activities, following the exposure to a natural disaster. The second essay analyzes the impact of natural disasters that central bankers have faced in their early- life to assess their reaction to present-day similar events. The results reveal that, while the standard determinants significantly impact inflation dynamics, the impact of early-life traumas is also significant. In particular, central bankers who have been exposed to traumas during their early life tend to manage inflation differently, and more conservatively, except for floods. The third essay examines how individuals’ point of view towards the role of the state in providing unemployment insurance is shaped by the experience of the socialism. The results indicate that East-Europeans who educated under socialist regime, as compared with individuals from West Europe who educated after fall of communism, are significantly more likely to be associated with supporting role of government in providing unemployment insurance. The fourth and final chapter investigates how the British-India partition impacts educational consequences among different ethnic groups of Pakistan. The analysis reveals that cohorts born during the partition period have a lower probability of being educated as compared with their counterparts. The findings also indicate that scar from partition lasts for long as the third generation is still impacted by the partition episode
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Stránská, Lenka. "Les partitions graphiques dans le contexte de la création musiale tchèque et slovaque de la seconde moitié du vingtième siècle." Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040013.
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Conformément aux exigences du « concept de l'indétermination » amenant une mutation profonde au niveau de la communication musicale (et donc de la notation), des compositeurs nord-américains - tels John Cage ou Earle Brown - donnent naissance, dès le début des années cinquante, à un genre artistique nouveau - la partition graphique. Exploitant les relations entre musique et arts plastiques, celle-ci relève de « l'art intermedia » - fondé sur le dialogue entre différents domaines artistiques-, sans toutefois pouvoir faire l'objet d'une catégorisation stricte, tant il est vrai que, d'une part, elle couvre un champ d'application d'une diversité extrême et que, d'autre part, chaque artiste - compositeur ou plasticien (de nombreux plasticiens se consacrant en effet à cette activité créatrice) – est libre de choisir une approche qui lui est propre. Subissant les conditions particulièrement défavorables d'un pays qui mène une politique culturelle reposant sur l'isolement vis-à-vis d'un « occident décadent » et sur la mise en avant d'une tendance officielle unique -le « réalisme socialiste » -, quelques artistes tchèques et slovaques parviennent néanmoins - plus ou moins clandestinement - à explorer aussi bien le domaine des nouveaux courants musicaux que celui de l'art intermedia. Cette thèse - dont le but est, précisément, de mettre en évidence l'apport de cette « face cachée » de l'art tchèque et slovaque au champ de la partition graphique depuis 1948 - s'attache tout d'abord à définir cet objet d'étude aux limites floues, puis à le situer dans le contexte spécifique de la création musicale au cours de cette période dans les pays considérés, pour finir sur une analyse de partitions graphiques d'artistes tchèques et slovaques dont la contribution au domaine étudié est particulièrement significative.
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Khan, Yasmin. "India divided : state and society in the aftermath of partition : the case of Uttar Pradesh, 1946-52." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417057.
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ANNI, ROLANDO. "Il centro e la periferia: Brescia e la sua provincia nelle carte del CLN Aprile 1945 luglio 1946." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/385.
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La tesi riguarda le vicende del CLN bresciano dal 1945 al 1946 e la situazione politica e sociale di Brescia e della sua provincia, caratterizzata da gravi problemi e da una prassi democratica caratterizzata da contrasti.The thesis is about the occurrences in the National liberation Committee of Brescia from 1945 to 1946 and the situation of Brescia and its province, that suffered, at the beginning of its democratic age, serious economic and social problems.
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Tortorella, Francesca. "De la naissance de Giustizia e Liberta à la dissolution du Partito d'Azione (1929-1947) : un antifascisme européiste." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG015.
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L'évolution du débat européiste de la naissance du mouvement antifasciste Giustizia e Libertà (GL) en 1929 jusqu'à la dissolution du Partita d'Azione (PdA) en 1947 est le cœur de cette recherche. Le propos est sa contextualisation dans une dimension européenne. Si GL agit surtout en exil dans les années Trente, le PdA, né en 1942, est l'un des protagonistes de la Résistance armée italienne. Leur révolution démocratique aspire à souder les valeurs de la liberté politique et de la justice sociale. Ils souhaitent la constitution d'une Italie républicaine dans le cadre d'une Europe politiquement unifiée et démocratique. Cette thèse met en exergue les idées d'unité européenne élaborées dans ce milieu antifasciste pluriel. Dans une période de crise du processus de la construction européenne, l'exploration de cette filiation politico-intellectuelle ambitionne de contribuer à la connaissance des courants européistes et des réflexions diverses autour de l'unité de l'EuropeThe evolution of the Europeanist debate from the birth of the anti-fascist movement Giustizia e Libertà (GL) in 1929 until the dissolution of the Partita d'Azione (PD) in 1947 is the heart of this research. The purpose is its contextualization within a European dimension. If GL acts mainly in exile in the Thirties, the PdA, born in 1942, is one of the protagonists of the ltalian Armed Resistance. Their democratie revolution aspires to weld the values of political freedom and social justice. They want the constitution of a republican ltaly within the framework of a politically unified and democratie Europe. This thesis highlights the ideas of European unity developed in this plural anti-fascist milieu. ln a period of crisis in the process of European construction, the exploration of this political and intellectual filiation aims to contribute to the knowledge of Europeanist currents and the various thoughts regarding the unity of Europe
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Bertrand, Dominique. "Le parti socialiste italien de l'origine à la montée du fascisme." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX32015.
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La these etudie la periode allant de la creation du partie socialiste italien en 1982 a la montee du facisme. Le p. S. I. Est fonde au congres de genes sous l'impulsion de turati et la briola. Ce congres elimine les tendances anarchistes et mazzinienne. Au congres de parme, le parti se donne une structure forte, influence par le modele allemand et cree l'avant ! organe du parti. La periode giolitienne est dominee par la revision du marxisme. Reformisme et maximalisme s'affrontent et finalement les maximalistes triomphent au congres de reggio-emilia. Ce congres est aussi un triomphe pour mussolini. Pendant la guerre, les socialistes restent divises entre la neutralite absolue et la neutralite relative. Le congres de livourne met en scene l'ehec du socialisme et donne naissance au parti communiste italien. Un an plus tard, les socialistes se divisent. La situation est alors mure pour une evolution radicale qui portera rapidement a l'installation de la dictature.
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Dumont, Mathieu. "L'influence du black metal sur la composition de quatre œuvres musicales originales." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22485.
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Ce mémoire traite globalement de l'influence de la musique populaire sur la création de nouvelles musiques d'art, et plus spécifiquement de l'influence du true norwegian black metal (TNBM) sur quatre de mes compositions récentes. Dans la première partie du chapitre I, nous exposons les aspects musicaux et extramusicaux des principales périodes du black metal afin de bien comprendre la genèse du TNBM. Dans la seconde partie du chapitre I, nous abordons spécifiquement le TNBM de la même façon. Dans le chapitre II, nous démontrons concrètement, à l'aide de plusieurs exemples, les modes d'influence des musiques du TNBM sur les quatre musiques à l'étude. Ces types d'influence sont au nombre de cinq : les caractères propres au TNBM, ses caractéristiques structurelles, les techniques d'écriture employées, la gestion des hauteurs et les techniques instrumentales typiques. Je dresse un portrait sommaire en conclusion des enjeux importants de ma musique à venir : la musique de timbre et l'accessibilité de la musique d'art à un large public.
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Fantoni, Gianluca. "Con passo sicuro, partito comunista e goerno del territoria nel valdarno superiore (1944-1970)." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502276.
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The long lasting power of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) in many areas of Tuscany and in several other areas of Italy within the so called "regioni rosse" is one of the most remarkable characteristics of post-war Italian history. In the post-war Italian political panorama the left wing political orientation of the people of Tuscany became a well established fact. For large sections of population being communist was something more than an electoral choice: it was a factor that played a major role in the construction of what could be termed a 'community-defined self identity' Furthermore, there was a self perception of intrinsic 'otherness' which enabled Tuscan communists to compare themselves positively to the rest of the Italian population who they perceived as largely dominated and corrupted by the power of Democrazia cristiana (DC). Being communist was regarded by the local population as a natural condition, a consequence of moral and civic primacy, a synonym of solidarity and honesty and evidence of a deep commitment to the economic development of the country. For those people who, like the author of the present research, lived in Tuscany the fall of Berlin wall, it was rather surprising to observe the postCommunist left survive, seemingly relatively unharmed, the eclipse of ideologies of the late '80s and indeed maintain and even increase its electoral consensus. The enduring nature of communist power implies the existence of economic and social reasons for the long lasting power of the PCI, together with cultural and ideological factors. The aim of the present research is therefore to investigate, in the area of Valdarno, the complex process that allowed the PCI to build such a substantive electoral and social isensus among the local population of this area. The complexity of historical phenomena and consequent need for a multi-faceted approach to historical research inform this investigation throughout.
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Pucci, Lara. "Picturing the worker : Guttuso, Visconti, De Santis and the Partito Comunista Italiano, c.1944-1953." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437337.
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Musiedlak, Didier. "L'Etat fasciste et sa classe politique (1922-1943)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999IEPP0014.
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L'étude porte sur la nature de l'Etat fasciste en Italie et sur sa classe politique entre 1922 et 1943. En utilisant les archives de la Chambre des députés et du Sénat, le principal objectif du travail a consisté à analyser le mode de fonctionnement du régime fondé par Mussolini pour en mesurer la novation. Cette entreprise a requis en premier lieu une étude des structures politiques du régime libéral mises en place depuis l'unité (1861). Après en avoir souligné la fragilité dans une première partie, l'argumentaire a surtout porté sur la stratégie de conquête des institutions élaborées par Mussolini et le parti fasciste (PNF). Il s'est avéré que dès la prise du pouvoir, le régime avait affirmé une vocation totalitaire (deuxième partie) qu'il a ensuite tenté de consolider (troisième partie) en recourant à une politique de subversion interne.
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BAGAINI, ANNA MARIA. "LOST IN PEACE. ASCESA E DECLINO DEL PARTITO LABURISTA NEL QUADRO DELLA STORIA POLITICA ISRAELIANA (1948-2001)." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/40679.
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La tesi analizza il contemporaneo declino elettorale del Partito Laburista israeliano in relazione agli eventi storici, ai cambiamenti sociali e demografici che hanno portato ad un effettivo cambiamento del sistema politico. In particolar modo la ricerca si sofferma sulla lettura dei risultati elettorali, cercando di sottolineare come le dinamiche sopra indicate abbiano influenzato i trend elettorali e l'offerta politica del partito stesso. Fino a giungere agli anni Novanta, passaggio fondamentale in cui cogliere le ragioni per le quali il Partito Laburista sembra tutt'ora non riuscire invertire il trend negativo degli ultimi quindici anni.This thesis analyzes the contemporary electoral decline of the Israeli Labor Party in relation to historical events, social and demographic changes that have led to an effective change in the Israeli political system. In particular, the research focuses on the electoral results, trying to underline how the dynamics indicated above have influenced the electoral trends and the political offer of the party itself. The Nineties represent a fundamental passage in which it is possibleto understand the reasons why the Labor Party seems unable, still today, to reverse the negative trend of the last fifteen years.
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Bispo, Maria Teresa Freire. "O silêncio das paredes-a descoberta de Benvindo Ceia (1870-1941)." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UL-Universidade de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Letras, 2002. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29554.
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Rogante, Elisa <1982>. ""Un libro per ogni compagno". Case editrici e politiche per la lettura del partito comunista italiano (1944-1956)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7142/.
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Anche se la politica editoriale comunista rappresenta un campo di indagine fondamentale nella ricerca sul Pci, la sua attività editoriale è caduta in un oblio storico. Assumendo il libro come supporto materiale e veicolo della cultura politica comunista, e la casa editrice come canale di socializzazione, questa ricerca s’interroga sui suoi processi di costruzione e di diffusione.
La ricerca si muove in due direzioni. Nel primo capitolo si è tentato di dare conto delle ragioni metodologiche dell’indagine e della messa a punto delle ipotesi di ricerca sul “partito editore”, raccogliendo alcune sfide poste alla storia politica da altri ambiti disciplinari, come la sociologia e la scienza politica, che rappresentano una vena feconda per la nostra indagine. La seconda direzione, empirica, ha riguardato la ricognizione delle fonti e degli strumenti di analisi per ricostruire le vicende del “partito editore” dal 1944 al 1956.
La suddivisione della ricerca in due parti – 1944-1947 e 1947-1956 – segue a grandi linee la periodizzazione classica individuata dalla storiografia sulla politica culturale del Pci, ed è costruita su quattro fratture storiche – il 1944, con la “svolta di Salerno”; il 1947, con la “svolta cominformista”; il 1953, con la morte di Stalin e il disgelo; il 1956, con il XX Congresso e i fatti d’Ungheria – che sono risultate significative anche per la nostra ricerca sull’editoria comunista.
Infine, il presente lavoro si basa su tre livelli di analisi: l’individuazione dei meccanismi di decisione politica e dell’organizzazione assunta dall’editoria comunista, esaminando gli scopi e i mutamenti organizzativi interni al partito per capire come i mutamenti strategici e tattici si sono riflessi sull’attività editoriale; la ricostruzione della produzione editoriale comunista; infine, l’identificazione dei processi di distribuzione e delle politiche per la lettura promosse dal Pci.Communist editorial policy is a fundamental research area for the study of PCI, but the party’s publishing activity has fallen into historical oblivion. Assuming the book as a material support and vehicle of the communist political culture and the publishing house as a socialization channel, this research questions the its construction and diffusion processes. This research follows two main paths. In the first chapter, we tried to explain the methodological reasons of “Party Publisher”. In the second part of the thesis, empiric, we try to reconstruct the history of communist publishing houses. The historical period embraced is divide in two parts – 1944-1947 and 1947-1956 – according to the classical history of the cultural policy of the PCI, and is centered on four historical events: the “Salerno turn” (1944), the “Cominform turn” (1947), Stalin’s death (1956) and the XX Congress (1956). We adopted three levels of analysis: identifying the organization and decision making structure of Communist publishing activity, reconstructing book production processes, and identifying distribution processes and reading promotion policies promoted by the PCI.
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Boxhoorn, Abraham. "The cold war and the rift in the governments of national unity : Belgium, France and Italy in the spring of 1947 : a comparison /." Amsterdam : Historisch seminarium van de Universiteit van Amsterdam, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366730321.
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Huvet, Chloé. "D’Un nouvel espoir (1977) à La revanche des Sith (2005) : écriture musicale et traitement de la partition au sein du complexe audio-visuel dans la saga Star Wars." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20048.
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Fait unique dans l’histoire du cinéma, les partitions du gigantesque cycle dischronique qu’est la saga Star Wars, couvrant une période très étirée de vingt-huit ans, sont toutes de la main de John Williams. Cette constance compositionnelle devrait a priori faire des deux trilogies (1977-1983 et 1999-2005) un tout cohérent et unifié, d’autant que George Lucas envisage les six épisodes comme une seule et même entité. Pourtant, l’unité musicale de l’hexalogie et la signature musicale « starwarsienne » sont loin d’aller de soi, prenant la forme d’un idéal dénué de fondements solides réels.En adoptant une approche comparative transversale et en faisant varier différentes échelles d’analyse (épisode, trilogie, saga), la présente thèse a ainsi pour projet de montrer de quelles manières le matériau musical, les pratiques compositionnelles de Williams, mais aussi le traitement et l’intégration de la partition au sein du complexe audio-visuel font l’objet de profondes transformations entre les deux trilogies. Notre recherche interroge également dans quelle mesure et selon quelles modalités ces changements dans l’écriture musicale et l’utilisation de la partition dans les différents épisodes sont liés aux mutations des techniques cinématographiques, en particulier aux bouleversements dunumérique. Mettant à profit l’exploitation de sources manuscrites inédites et d’entretiens personnels réalisés auprès de l’orchestrateur principal de Williams, Conrad Pope, et de son music editor Kenneth Wannberg, notre travail met en oeuvre une interdisciplinarité affirmée au croisement de l’analyse musicale, de l’histoire du cinéma et des technologiesThe scores of the Star Wars saga, a gigantic dischronic cycle spanning over a long period of twentyeight years, are all composed by John Williams, a unique configuration in cinema history. This compositional consistency should theoretically establish the two trilogies (1977-1983 and 1999-2005) as a coherent and unified whole, especially as George Lucas considers the six episodes as one single entity. Nevertheless, the hexalogy’s musical unity and the existence of a Star Wars musical signature are far from self-evident, instead taking the form of an ideal devoid of real, solid foundations.By adopting a comparative cross-disciplinary approach and by resorting to different scales of analysis (episode, trilogy, saga), this dissertation aims to show in which ways the musical material, Williams’ compositional practice as well as the use and integration of the score within the audiovisual complex are subjected to profound transformations between the two trilogies. This research also questions how and to what extent these changes in Williams’s writing and the score’s treatment in the different episodes are related to the mutations of film techniques, especially those of the digital age.Drawing on unreleased hand-written sources and personal interviews conducted with Williams’ main orchestrator, Conrad Pope, and his music editor, Kenneth Wannberg, this dissertation implements a firm interdisciplinarity at the intersection of musical analysis, cinema and technology history
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Vodovar, Christine. "Le PSI, la SFIO et l'évolution des systèmes politiques italien et français de 1943 à 1956." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100002.
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Cette thèse repose sur une étude comparative des partis socialistes italien et français de la fin de la deuxième guerre mondiale aux premières années de la guerre froide et tente de répondre à la question suivante : pourquoi deux partis très proches par leur origine historique et leur patrimoine génétique ont totalement divergé durant cette période et dans quelle mesure la diversité historique des deux partis socialistes a marqué - de manière plus forte de ce que l'on retient habituellement l'histoire politique des deux pays dans le deuxième après guerre. La recherche confirme l'importance des facteurs culturels et politiques, sur lesquels l'historiographie traditionnelle insiste généralement, mais étend l'analyse à trois autres dimensions : la structure et à la sociologie interne ; les relations des deux partis avec leurs systèmes politiques respectifs ; enfin le poids des liens, internationaux, qui resulte non seulement d'options politico-idéologiques différentes mais également de la position géopolitique et du statut différents des deux pays.
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Plon, Laurence. "Les relations entre le parti communicte et le cinéma en Italie de 1945 à 1980." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010528.
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L'histoire du cinéma italien d'après-guerre apparait intrinsèquement liée à l'histoire politique du pays. Cumulant ses fonctions, le cinéma voit ses aspirations dépassées au lendemain de la guerre. Lié à la résistance dès ses débuts, le cinéma prend pour thématique principale la société italienne dans son ensemble. Engagé le cinéma de l'après-guerre devient un véritable enjeu politique. Les gouvernements démocrates-chrétiens qui se succèdent vont alors tenter de contrôler ce secteur dont ils comprennent l'importance, mais, fait majeur, le contexte social et politique conduit le cinéma à se rapprocher des forces de gauche et principalement du parti communiste italien. Du même coup le cinéma va se retrouver inscrit au cœur du débat politique qui ne cessera de secouer la péninsule durant ce demi-siècle. Le cinéma sera ainsi le témoin et l'acteur des épisodes les plus marquants de cette histoire, qu'il s'agisse des luttes politiques et sociales des années cinquante, du boom économique des années soixante, de la crise morale de ce qu'on a appelé les "années de plomb" marquées par le terrorisme "noir" et le terrorisme "rouge", de la crise économique rampante des années quatre-vingtThe history of Italian cinema, in the wake of the second world war, was intimately linked to italy's political scene. This close relationship is the result of the political commitment of Italy's neo-realistic cinema to resistance to fascism during the war. In the years following the war, italian cinema maintained close connections to the emerging political arena, expressing views on italian society in its entirety. As a result, gaining control over the movie industry became a major political stake for the successive christian-democrat governments. The difficult political and social context, however, favoured a rapprochement between the major left wing parties, including the italian communist party, and italian cinema. Italian cinema was thrusted into the epicentre of the political debates that have troubled the country in the following decades. Italian cinema has been the witness, and the actor, of some of the most prominent episodes of italian history: the political and social struggles of the 1950s, the economic expansion of the 1960s, and the moral crisis that has been described as the "years of lead". This latter period has been marked by "black" terrorism and "red" terrorism that occurred during the rampant economic crisis of the 1980s
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Kim, Jinho. "Représentation et analyse musicale assistée par base de données relationnelle de la partition des variations pour orchestre op. 30 d'Anton Webern : vers un système d'"analyse musicale assistée par base de données relationnelle"." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040004.
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Une note présente dans une partition, comme d'autres objets musicaux d'ailleurs, peut être considérée comme étant une entité possédant des propriétés qui peuvent être représentées par des valeurs élémentaires et stockées dans les différentes colonnes d'une même ligne d'une table de base de données relationnelle. La représentation de toutes les notes dans la partition sous forme de tables qui constituent un ensemble de colonnes et de lignes facilite grandement l'accès au caractère ouvert de l'analyse musicale : en effet chacun peut, en fonction de sa propre problématique, interroger la base de données qui représente et stocke la partition. La partition des Variations pour ochestre op. 30 d'Anton Webern, grâce à l'aide précieuse de base de données relationnelle, est représentée, stockée, et analysée de façon classificatoire et paradigmatique : toutes les séries, tous les intervalles, et tous les accords présents dans la partition sont identifiées pour vérifier l'existence des intervalles et des accords dominats ; les particularités liées à l'entropie, à la distribution des notes dans le registre, à la durée, à l'intensité, et à l'écriture orchestrale sont aussi identifiéesA note in a score, as other musical objects, can be considered as an entity having some properties. These last are represented by atomic values in columns on a line of relational data base table. The representation of all notes in the score in relational form of tables as a totality of columns and lines facilitates the access to the music analysis of open character: each can interrogate following each problematic the database that represents and stocks the score. The score of Variations for orchestra op. 30 of Anton Webern, as an example of application of the concept of “Relational Database-aided Music Analysis”, is represented, stored, and analyzed in a classificatory and a paradigmatic way: All sets, all intervals, and all chords existing in the score are retrieved, as a result on can verify the dominant intervals and chords; the particularities concerned distribution of notes in the register, duration, intensity and orchestration are also recognized
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Villa, Roberto <1953>. "Per una reinterpretazione della fuoriuscita di Dossetti dalla DC. Nuove fonti archivistiche sulle due vicesegreterie nazionali del partito(1945-46 E 1950-51)." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2325/.
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Commento testuale e contestuale di circa duecento fonti inedite e sconosciute alla storiografia sul ruolo di vicesegretario politico della DC di Giuseppe Dossetti, in particolare con riferimento allo scioglimento dei CLN, del referendum istituzionale, della organizzazione del partito e infine, della sua rottura politica con De Gasperi.
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Asimenou, Monika. "L’art à Chypre de 1974 à 2014 : de l’espace fractionné au lieu symbolique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100028.
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En 1974, l’île de Chypre s’est vue contrainte à la partition suite à une intervention militaire turque. Plus d’un tiers du territoire chypriote est encore occupé – en 2014 – par l’armée turque tandis qu’une ligne de démarcation, dite zone morte, protégée par les Casques bleus des Nations Unies, sépare les habitants de l’île entre d’un côté – au sud – les chypriotes grecs et de l’autre – au nord – les chypriotes turcs et les colons turcs.Le lieu symbolique que crée l’art à Chypre – ce territoire balafré – reproduit-il la dualité territoriale et les conséquences de la partition de l’île ? Objets de cette recherche sont les notions d’espace, de mémoire et d’histoire telles qu’elles apparaissent à travers le prisme artistique. Dans la perspective de l’histoire de l’art, cette thèse propose ainsi une analyse d’œuvres d’artistes chypriotes à travers les relations que ceux-ci entretiennent avec l’espace fractionné – le sud, le nord et la zone morte – et telles que ces relations sont révélées par les œuvres.Les créations artistiques évoquées traitent de la particularité de cet espace qui ici constitue très souvent le point de départ de la création de l’œuvre : des souvenirs du lieu perdu situé de l’autre côté de la ligne, de l’expérience de l’espace présent et de l’appropriation – concrète et métaphorique – de la zone morte. Elles mettent également en évidence la nostalgie tout en engendrant de nouvelles cartographies et en ouvrant – en vue d’une réconciliation – le champ des possibles. Chaque œuvre transgresse à sa manière – artistique, poétique et esthétique – la frontière. C’est ainsi que cet espace fractionné est susceptible de devenir « habitable »In 1974 the island of Cyprus was forcibly divided by a Turkish military intervention. Over a third of Cyprus' territory is still, in 2014, under occupation by the Turkish army. A demarcation line, known as the dead zone, manned by United Nations peacekeepers, separates the inhabitants of the island between on one side, the Greek Cypriots in the South, and on the other side, the Turkish Cypriots together with settlers from Turkey, in the North.Does this symbolic place that art creates, this scarred territory, reproduce the territorial duality and the consequences of the division of Cyprus? The object of this research is the notions of space, memory and history as they appear through the artistic view. From the perspective of the history of art, this thesis presents an analysis of the works of Cypriot artists through the relationships they maintain with the fragmented space – the South, the North and the dead zone – as these are revealed through the works of art.The artistic creations in question deal with the particularity of this fragmented space that often constitutes the starting point of the creation of the work of art : the memories of the lost place situated on the other side of the line, the experience of the present space and the appropriation, real and metaphorical, of the dead zone. They demonstrate the nostalgia by creating new cartographies and by opening, with a view to reconciliation, the field of possibilities. Each work of art transcends in its way –artistic, poetic and aesthetic – the border. It is in this way that this fragmented space is likely to become “habitable”
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Jevon, Graham. "Jordan, Palestine and the British world system, 1945-57 : Glubb Pasha and the Arab Legion." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:01496a87-76a9-4cbb-87b7-a6b67969df3a.
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This thesis offers a microcosmic insight into Britain's transition toward a world system without an Empire by exploring the life of the Anglo-Jordan Treaty (1946-57) via the prism of the British financed Jordanian Army, also known as the Arab Legion, and its British commander, Glubb Pasha. In so doing it puts the state of the relationship down to a system of mutual dependence. Britain's withdrawal from Jordan has primarily been linked either to the success of Arab nationalism or the loss of British will. By examining the Treaty relationship from construction to termination this thesis posits that it is imprudent to push any single factor too deeply, but identifies a shift in the balance of mutual dependence, caused by the changing geopolitical climate, as the driving force. A subsidiary aspect of this thesis concerns the partition of Palestine. The Arab Legion was the most important Arab army during the 1948 War. Based on unprecedented access to Glubb's private papers 'the most significant new documents to emerge since the opening of the official western archives in the late 1970s' this thesis provides the most accurate portrayal of the Arab Legion's conduct yet achievable. In so doing it reconciles inconsistencies within the controversial 'collusion' debate. It negates the revisionist argument that a firm Hashemite-Zionist agreement existed, but corroborates the notion that Britain approved the Arab Legion's use to implement an alternative form of partition to that proposed by the UN. It thus supports the revisionist argument that pre-war negotiations helped shape the 1948 War, but explains the Arab Legion's adherence to this secret scheme by emphasising Glubb's (limited) autonomy. Moreover, it reveals further details concerning the divisions within the Arab coalition, which further debunks the traditional David (Israel) versus Goliath (Arab coalition) portrayal of the conflict.
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Attal, Frédéric. "Les intellectuels napolitains (1943-1964) : la formation d'une classe dirigeante dans l'Italie de l'après-guerre." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000IEPP0005.
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La présente recherche se veut une contribution à l'histoire des intellectuels. A travers l'exemple napolitain, elle entend montrer l'importance des liens étroits entre le monde intellectuel et la classe politique en Italie avant et après 1945. S'appuyant sur une étude prosopographique, elle étudie l'apparition d'une nouvelle classe dirigeante issue d'une génération de diplômes, formés pour la plupart pendant et juste après le fascisme. Cette génération peut s'appuyer sur l'exemple de "figures tutélaires" dont elle se réclame : benedetto croce, philosophe et historien, mais aussi sénateur et ministre, et les grands penseurs méridionalistes, de Fortunato à Salvemini et à Dorso. Recherchant une légitimité nécessaire pour leur permettre d'être reconnus en tant qu'intellectuels, les hommes et les femmes étudiés revendiquent l'excellence de leur formation (anciens vainqueurs des lictoriales, boursiers à l'Institut fondé par Croce), ou le prestige que leur confère un passe antifasciste. Lancés dans le bain de la politique dès la libération de Naples, résistant aux désillusions qui entraînent le retrait de nombreux autres intellectuels dès 1948 ou après 1956, ils parviennent à s'imposer dans le champ politique et culturel à travers un parti ou des revues. De 1954 à 1964 s'affrontent deux revues méridionalistes napolitaines : cronache meridionali (communistes) et nord e sud (liberaux), dont ont été étudiés les équipes rédactionnelles et l'engagement ideologique et culturel. Bénéficiant d'un fort succès d'estime, nord e sud triomphe au milieu des années cinquante, en devenant à la fois un lieu d'élaboration programmatique pour les gouvernements de centre-gauche et une réserve d'experts et de techniciens destinée à mettre en application ce programme. Les dirigeants des deux revues, élus pour la plupart à partir de 1963 ou 1968, font partie de la nouvelle classe dirigeante italienne, active dans les années 70 et 80.
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Almeyra, Guillermo. "Les métamorphoses du communisme italien." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081732.
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La these fait etat des rapports entre le pci, les mouvements sociaux et les transformations economiques, sociales et culturelles dans l'italie de l'apresguerre. Elle questionne le "mythe" d'une continuite gramsci-togliatti. Avec togliatti, le pci s'adapte a la reconstruction capitaliste du pays. Il s'agit d' une politique "social-democratique sui generis", chaque fois moins influencee par l'unionsovietique mais essentiellement reformiste. Ce travail cherche a redonner importance a la fois aux evenements internationaux et aux transformations qui changerent l'italie depuis 1945. En particulier, les changements dans "l'imaginaire ouvrier", l'apparition d'une "nouvelle gauche" (issue du pci, du ps ou des mouvements etudiants ou ouvriers) "a gauche" des communistes, ainsi que les nouveaux ferments politiques et sociaux qui font eclater le pci dans les annees 80. Eclate alors la crise d'un modele de politique, de culture, de "parti", confronte finalement au declin de l'urss et a la mondialisation capitaliste. La these essaye de montrer que berlinguer ("ne" dans le parti de togliatti et promu dirigeant par celui-ci) est l'homme charniere entre le parti "togliattien" et celui de la nouvelle phase. Le "berlinguerisme" retarda la mort d'une conception ideologique qui, en fait, n'avait jamais rompu avec le stalinisme. Le dernier chapitre montre la continuite de la politique au groupe dirigeant du pci -togliatti, longo, berlinguerjusqu'a sa transformation en parti "liberal-socialiste" (le pds). En guise de conclusion, la these analyse la crise finale du pci et le poids de celle-ci dans la societe italienne (et ses rapports avec l'etat, la democratie chretienne, etc. ); elle pose finalement la question si berlinguer a ete le dernier des chefs d'un parti "ouvrier" et si l'ere des "partis de masses" est deja revolue.
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CAPISANI, LORENZO MARCO. "La Cina da impero a Stato nazionale: la definizione di uno spazio politico negli anni Venti." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/20588.
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La tesi si concentra sul Partito Nazionalista Cinese negli anni Venti come punto privilegiato di osservazione del cambiamento politico della Cina dopo la Prima guerra mondiale. Questo decennio rappresentò un momento di definizione identitaria sia per i comunisti sia per i nazionalisti. La storiografia ne ha sottolineato numerosi aspetti, ma si è finora occupata del periodo 1919-1928 come una preistoria degli anni Trenta piuttosto che come un autonomo segmento di storia cinese. Studi recenti hanno superato implicitamente questo approccio criticando due date periodizzanti fondamentali per il Novecento cinese: la nascita della Repubblica nazionalista (1911) e la nascita della Repubblica Popolare (1949). A metà tra queste due date, gli anni Venti sono emersi come snodo decisivo nel passaggio da impero a Stato nazionale, durante cui si definì un nuovo spazio di discussione politica. Questo processo, pur interno, subì l’influsso delle strategie internazionali di sovietici e statunitensi dando vita a una nuova visione non soltanto della rivoluzione ma anche dello Stato post-rivoluzionario. Le classi dirigenti nazionalista e comunista, durante la collaborazione, si rivelarono dinamiche e tale “competizione” si trasferì anche all’interno di ciascun movimento diventando un fattore determinante per il successo o il fallimento del partito inteso come moderna formazione politica.The thesis focuses on the Chinese Nationalist Party in the 1920s as a special standpoint to analyze the political changes in China after the World War I. That decade was crucial for shaping the identity of nationalists and communists. Many works have already examined some aspects, but they mostly considered the years 1919-1928 as a pre-history of the Thirties rather than an autonomous part of Chinese history. Recent studies have overcome this approach by criticizing two of the main periodization in the Chinese twentieth century: the birth of the nationalist Republic (1911) and the birth of the People’s Republic (1949). Halfway, the 1920s stood out as a critical juncture in the transition from empire to nation-state. A new space of political discussion was defined. The process, albeit internal, was under the influence of the USSR and US international strategies and gave birth not only to a new vision of the revolution, but also to a vision of the post-revolutionary state. Also, the nationalist and communist leaderships turned out to be dynamic. That "competition" may be seen also within the two political movements and became a shaping factor for the success or failure of the party as a modern political formation.
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Ghosh, Gautam. "Nationality, temporality, and agency after the 1947 partition of Bengal /." 2000. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9976191.
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Bhalru, Mandeep Kaur. "Unveiling the silence: Exploring memories of the 1947 partition through the voices of second generation Punjabi women." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=788944&T=F.
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Chakraborty, Paulomi. "The Refugee Woman: Partition of Bengal, Women, and the Everyday of the Nation." Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/851.
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In this dissertation I analyze the figure of the East-Bengali refugee woman in Indian literature on the Partition of Bengal of 1947. I read the figure as one who makes visible, and thus opens up for critique, the conditions that constitute the category women in the discursive terrain of post-Partition/post-Independence India. The figure of the refugee woman, thereby, allows us to map the relationship between the category women and the collective imaginary, specifically the nation. I argue that the figure of the refugee woman explicates, interrupts, and critiques the relationship of women to the nation in the normative patriarchal nationalist discourse, which constructs women as a sign of the nation. The representational import of the refugee woman pushes the signification of women in relation to the collective from a sign to that of a subject. My analysis of the refugee woman is, thus, a critical engagement with the tension between women as figurative and women as historical-material categories, although both are imagined within the field of discursive signification.
I develop my argument by analyzing three major texts from West Bengal, India that respond to the Partition to critically apprehend the radical charge inherent in the figure of the refugee woman. These texts are the film Meghe Dhaka Tara (Cloud-Capped Star; 1960) by Ritwik Ghatak, and the novels Epar Ganga, Opar Ganga (The River Churning; 1967) by Jyotirmoyee Devi and Swaralipi (The Notations; 1952) by Sabitri Roy.
The larger argument of the dissertation is that the Partition, as a historical event, lies in contiguity and continuity with the normative regime of the gendered everyday world. Therefore, the Partition allows us to examine the historical configurations of power that make the gendered everyday but that cannot be easily discerned from within the everyday. Within the rubric of this larger argument lies my contention that the figure of the refugee woman has the radical potential to make visible the traumatic relationship between the extraordinary violence of the Partition and the gendered, ordinary, everyday life.
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CASHIN, PATRICK. "Sulfonamide Partitioning to Aqueous Cationic Micellar Systems." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6291.
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Advances in analytical chemistry have resulted in a growing body of literature showing measurable concentrations of pharmaceuticals in both drinking and wastewater. Removal of such chemicals is typically inefficient and often poorly characterized. To characterize one such method of removal (micellar enhanced ultrafiltration, (MEUF)), interactions of a cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTABr) surfactant and sulfonamide antibiotics were examined by NMR and semi-equilibrium dialysis (SED).
The locus and orientation of binding in a micelle was established for seven sulfonamides by 1H NMR, and it was found that hydrophilic sulfonamides showed weak coordination with the micelle, whereas hydrophobic sulfonamides penetrated into the micellar interior with coordination of the SO2NH group to the charged surface layer.
Binding constants were determined by 1H NMR and showed apparent order of magnitude differences between nuclei. Several compounds were unable to be characterized in this manner due to low change in chemical shift with addition of CTABr. SED was performed as an alternative method to determine binding constants. Values determined in this manner were higher than those determined by 1H NMR. Binding constants were converted into changes in Gibbs free energy and used to evaluate and, where necessary, modify the orientation and locus proposed by 1H NMR.
Attempts are made to correlate binding constants with octanol-water partition coefficients to determine if a free energy relationship can be derived. Characterization of these systems may allow for a predictive methodology to determine the MEUF removal efficiencies of new sulfonamide and surfactant combinations. It is also hoped that this work may be generalized to predict MEUF efficiency for a wide range of contaminants that might be found in wastewater.Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2011-01-31 09:46:28.248