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Kousouris, Dimitris. "Une épuration ordinaire : les procès des collaborateurs en Grèce (1944-1949) comme composante de la reconstruction judiciaire en Europe." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0141.
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La thèse porte sur I'histoire de l'épuration judiciaire des collaborateurs des forces d'occupation en Grèce après la libération du pays en 1944. L'épuration se déroula dans le contexte d'une guene civile qui, déclenchée déjà sous I'Ocrupation, n'a pourtânt pas pris fin qu'en 1949, date dans laquelle se déroulèrent aussi les derniers proces du Tribunal Special des Collaborateurs d'Athènes. I,es differentes éûapes de Ia juridicisation de la question des collaborateurs décrivent comment les camps du conflit interne furent adaptés aux lignes de démarcation des conflits internationaux : la naissance rnême de I'opposition ente Resistance et Collaboration exprimait I'alignement des camps internes aux deux camps de la Seconde Guere mondiale. Nous étudions donc cette épuration comme oomposante d'une guerre civile à la fois interne et intemationale. L'exploration des différents aspects, qualitatifs et quantitatifs, des épurations administratives et pénales, révèle que h voie judiciaire fut un moyen très efficace aux mains des élites étatiques. Dans un premier temps, la mise en place de ces épurations entérina le mythe d'une nation unanimement résistante : le nouveau régime intégra dans cette fiction une bonne partie des anciens collaborateurs, tout en en excluant la résistanse de masse. L'appropriation symbolique de la victoire antifasciste permit au pouvoir judiciaire de restaurer son autorité et de preparer la mise en place, dès 1946, d'un état d'exception anticomrnuniste. Enfin, en identifîant I'ennemi de I'intérieur avec celui de I'extérieur (les pays voisins qui passaient alors au camp communiste), l'épuration judiciaire assura la transformation de la Grèce en frontière de la Guerre FroideThis dissertation studies the judiciary purge of the Axis' collaborators in Greece after the country's libération in l9M. That purge took place into the context of a civil war that had started during the foreign occupation and finished in 1949, when the Special Collaborators' Courts finished working. The different stages ofjuridicisation of the question describe how the two camps of the internal conflict aligned themselves on the lines that separated the camps of the civil war. Hence, we study the purge as a component of a civil war that was at the same time internal and international. The various qualitative and quantitative aspects of the administrative purges, reveal that the the purge was an effective instrument in the hands of the successor élites. In the beginning, the the trials inaugurated the myth of a global and unanimous national resistance that permitted to the new régime to incorporate into the state apparatus a part of excollaborators, mainly inthe armed forces. The symbolic appropriation of the antifascist victory permitted to the judiciary to restore its authority as well as to prepare, by 1946, the institution of an anticommunist state of emergency. Finally, by identiffing the internal and the external ennemy, mainly close to the northern frontier of the counfry, the judiciary'purge carried out the transformation of the greek frontier into frontier of the Cold War
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Tech, Andrea. "Arbeitserziehungslager in Nordwestdeutschland 1940 - 1945 /." Göttingen : Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/359535488.pdf.
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Evans, Gary. "The British Cavalry 1920-1940." Thesis, University of Kent, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594400.
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Malcolmson, Catherine Margaret. "Constructing Charles Dickens, 1900-1940." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27742.
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This thesis examines the popular and cultural legacy of Charles Dickens in the period 1900-1940. During this period Dickens was largely ignored or derided within the academy but his works remained consistently marketable to a popular audience. The thesis explores Dickens’s mass cultural appeal, assessing what the term ‘Dickensian’ represented in the early decades of the twentieth century and evaluating Dickens’s role as a national figure. This thesis engages with recent scholarship in the fields of Dickens criticism, heritage studies and material culture to explore a popular appreciation of Dickens which is characterised by its language of feeling and affect. The first chapter situates Charles Dickens’s literary standing and cultural legacy in the light of both critical and popular responses to his work. The chapter charts the development of the Dickens Fellowship and examines the role of this literary society in constructing and promoting a selective public image of Dickens. Chapter Two examines the motivations behind different forms of collecting, and suggests that collecting can be understood as a form of popular engagement with Dickens’s writing. The chapter contends that Dickensian collecting differs significantly from broader collecting practices and can be viewed as a more generous model of collecting. The idea of collecting as a popular response to Dickens is extended in Chapter Three which takes as its focus one particular form of book collecting: the practice of grangerization. Grangerization is characterised as an alternative reading practice through which the experience of reading a text could be extended. Two further alternative reading practices are explored in Chapters Four and Five. Chapter Four demonstrates how in founding the ‘Dickens House Museum’, the Dickens Fellowship aimed to create a permanent memorial site for Dickens. The chapter highlights the language of feeling utilised in the promotional material for the museum and argues that the items selected for display were designed to produce an emotional and imaginative response in the museum’s visitors. Chapter Five considers how readers expressed their engagement with Dickens’s works through literary pilgrimages to sites from his novels. The chapter suggests that these pilgrimages represent an active reading of Dickens’s novels, which offer readers a participatory experience of immersion in the world of the narrative. It argues that this kind of immersive experience is generated by the strong affective responses of many readers to Dickens’s writings.
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Cooper, Molly Malloy. "Japanese American wages, 1940-1990." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1064341404.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 132 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Richard H. Steckel, Dept. of Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 126-132).
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Bertrand-Dorléac, Laurence. "Art, culture et société : l'exemple des arts plastiques à Paris entre 1940 et 1944." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990IEPP0015.
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L'occupation allemande et le régime de Vichy font culminer en France la crise des valeurs humanistes. En art, la situation doit beaucoup à l'héritage de l'avant-guerre, mais des ruptures d'intensité et de nature modifient la scène artistique. L'art, objet d'orgueil patriotique, est accusé de refléter et d'alimenter la décadence moderne : l'absence d'idéal, l'individualisme et la démocratie. Sous la révolution nationale, il devient un instrument privilégié de redressement et de rénovation, après un retour à l'ordre et à la tradition. Le Secrétariat général des beaux-arts envisage une politique largement consensuelle en faveur de la tradition , du beau métier, de l'art monumental et des thèmes édifiants. Mais le milieu artistique, par nature hostile au dirigisme d'Etat, résiste aux positions officielles en matière de corporatisme et d'exclusion. En outre, très peu d'artistes acceptent de servir le service artistique du Maréchal attaché à sa personne. Si peu d'artistes entrent dans la résistance, certains créent des oeuvres subversives, tandis que la majorité est attentiste et nourrit de sa production les imaginaires d'un public exceptionnellement nombreux à fréquenter les lieux d'art. Le régime nazi, quant à lui, procède à ses propres démonstrations artistiques, encourage par les ultracistes francais comme Rebatet, et conforte par le voyage en Allemagne d'artistes reconnus : vlaminck, Derain, Despiau, etc. Mais les autorités nazies se consacrent essentiellement à l'exclusion des artistes juifs et francs-maçons, tandis qu'elles tolèrent l'exposition d'oeuvres "dégénérées". Enjeu pour des pouvoirs autoritaires visant au contrôle de la société, et exutoire pour une population dans l'attente d'un retour "à la normale", l'art et ses modalités d'existence servent à leur manière à éclairer l'histoire de cette époqueIn France, the humanistic values crisis culminated during the German occupation and the Vichy regime. During this period , art inherited much of the pre-war situation. But disruptions, both in intensity and nature modified the artistical scene. Art, as an expression of patriotic pride was is considered as a reflection of modern decadence : the lack of ideal, individualism, and democracy. Under the "national revolution" art became an instrument of development and revival after a return to order and tradition. In many respects, the "Secretariat general des beaux-arts" thought of a widely approved art policy magnifying the tradition, the fine craft, the monumentalism and the edifying subjects. The artistic world, by nature reluctant to state dirigism, resisted against the governmental positions concerning corporatism and exclusion policy. Besides, few artists accepted to serve the "service artistique du Marechal" which was attached to his person. If some artists entered the French resistance movement, some created subversive works while the majority of them staid aside and bred on its production the fancy of the many people visiting various art places. The German regime, on its side, proceeded with its own exhibitions, being encouraged by French ultras as Rebatet, and being comforted by the German journey of some famous artists : Vlaminck, Derain, Despiau, etc. Meanwhile the nazi authorities spent most of their time on their exclusion policy towards jewish and mason artists. Censorship was discontinued against the exhibition of works considered as "degenerated". Art was a stake for an authoritarian power aiming at controlling society, and an outlet for a population looking forward to returning back to normality
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Alary, Éric. "La ligne de démarcation (1940-1944)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0036.
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L'armistice franco-allemand du 22 juin 1940, instaure une ligne de démarcation qui sépare la France en deux grandes zones d'inégale superficie. D'est en ouest, puis du nord au sud, sur près de 1200km, treize départements français divisés ont connu une situation géographique, économique, administrative et humaine singulière, pendant près de quatre années. A partir de l'étude d'archives françaises et allemandes, et grâce à la réalisation d'une cartographie inédite, la ligne de démarcation se révèle être un bon observatoire des problèmes posés aux Français par l'occupation allemande et des modifications subies dans leur vie quotidienne. Cela permet d'analyser, sous un angle neuf, les rapports franco-allemands. La thèse apporte aussi un éclairage sur l'opinion des Français face à la division territoriale du pays. La ligne de démarcation constitue un observatoire intéressant des problèmes concrets posés aux Français par l'occupation territoriale allemande, même s'il reste géographiquement limité. Peu à peu, la limite militaire est devenue une frontière entre les hommes, privés de se raconter, de se rencontrer entre les deux zones. L'espace quotidien de plusieurs millions de Français est bouleversé. Les "frontaliers" ont connu des difficultés spécifiques, mais ont su s'adapter. Toutefois, une minorité d'individus a décidé de ne pas respecter les lois allemandes en vigueur sur la ligne de démarcation. Les passeurs clandestins forment un monde hétéroclite où de nombreuses motivations s'entremêlent, les plus nobles comme les moins avouables. Une fraction minime des passeurs appartient réellement à la Résistance, organisée avec très peu de moyens sur l'ensemble du territoire national, mais frappée par les répressions franco-allemandes. Il s'agit surtout d'une Résistance de connivence et de relais. Enfin, les clandestins de la ligne ne représentent pas un enjeu de mémoire important, même s'il y a une réactivation du souvenir, à l'occasion des célébrations cinquantenaires récentes.
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Pettersson, Ingemar. "Handslaget : Svensk industriell forskningspolitik 1940-1980." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Teknik- och vetenskapshistoria, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-104661.
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The thesis follows the emergence of industrial research policy in Sweden from the 1940s to the early 1980s. It reveals political principles and key considerations at stake when a group of state supported industrial research institutes were established and reorganized during the period. The institutes were knowledge producers in industries as paper and pulp, textiles, iron and steel, food, and production engineering. They were closely linked with the technical universities in Stockholm and Gothenburg and their position at the nexus of academe, state policy and industry gave the institutes a central role in managing relations between these domains Two questions are at the core of the analysis: 1. How did political actors define the roles and responsibilities of state and industry for industrially oriented technical re-search? 2. How did they define relations between scientific knowledge production, industrial production and society? A key hypothesis of the study is that the industrial research policy that emerged in the 1940s is to be understood as a “handshake” between an organized industry on the one hand, and the Swedish state on the other. Theoretically, the handshake was an agreement between the government’s "helping hand" and the "visible hand" of industrial organizations. The handshake implied a general agreement on the distri-bution of responsibility for technical-industrial research. Conceptually, the responsi-bility was divided so that the state financed “basic research” whereas industry fi-nanced “applied research”. The latter part of the thesis explains how the handshake was released in the 1960s as the role of the state moved more towards an active and interfering role in the Swedish economy. Formally, and in practice, this meant that the state now took responsibility for applied research, which up until then had been considered an industrial domain.QC 20121109
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Flavel, Samantha. "Coopering in South Australia, 1900-1940 /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arf588.pdf.
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Place, E. M. "Wehrmacht soldiers in Paris, 1940-1944." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512074.
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Kirk, John Andrew. "Black activism in Arkansas, 1940-1970." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/145.
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In September 1957, Little Rock, Arkansas was the scene of a dramatic confrontation between federal and state government that brought to a head the southern movement of massive resistance against the United States Supreme Court's 1954 Brown v. Board of Education school desegregation ruling. Although numerous studies have analysed the Little Rock crisis from a variety of perspectives, one striking omission in the existing historiography is the role played by the local black community who were at the very centre of events. Building upon recent local and state studies conducted by scholars of the civil rights movement, this thesis locates the events in Little Rock of September 1957 within an unfolding struggle for black rights at a local, state, regional and national level between 1940 and 1970. In so doing, the thesis seeks to revise the time-frame for black activism imposed by a first wave of civil rights scholarship, which focused almost exclusively on the role played by national civil rights organisations between 1955 and 1%5. It argues that only by comprehending the groundwork laid in the 1940s and 1950s, through litigation and voter registration drives at a grassroots level, can the significance of later black protests be fully understood. In line with the findings of other state studies, it highlights the pivotal role played by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) which, assisted by a nexus of local organisations, formed the backbone of early civil rights struggles at a local level. Thus, the thesis aims not only to provide a corrective for the existing gap in the historiography of the Little Rock school crisis, but also seeks to broaden and deepen our understanding of the ways in which indigenous black movements developed and sustained protest strategies at state and local levels across the South.
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Valade, Julie. "Leclerc and his allies (1940-1945)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708291.
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Norton, Mason. "Resistance in Upper Normandy, 1940-1944." Thesis, Edge Hill University, 2017. http://repository.edgehill.ac.uk/10030/.
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This thesis aims to make an original contribution to knowledge by looking at the phenomenon of resistance in the French region of Upper Normandy between 1940 and 1944 from a perspective of ‘history from below’, by looking principally at the testimonies of former resisters, and demonstrating a political history of resistance. The introduction defines what is meant by Upper Normandy and justifies its choice as a region for this study, before analysing both the historiography and the epistemology of resistance, both locally and nationally, and then giving a justification and an analysis of the methodology used. The main body of the thesis is then divided into four chapters. Chapter one looks at resistance that was designed to revolutionise society, by looking at Communist resisters and the idea of the grand soir, as well as the sociological origins of these resisters, and how this influenced their resistance action. Chapter two looks at more gradualist forms of resistance, which were conceived to slowly prepare for an eventual liberation and the struggle against Vichyite hegemony, arguing that these resisters formed a ‘resistance aristocracy’, aiming to slowly forge a post-Vichy vision of the polis. Chapter three analyses resistance purely from a patriotic angle, and identifies three different forms of patriotism, before arguing that resistance was part of a process to ‘remasculate’ France after the defeat of 1940, and that these resisters saw their engagement as primarily being one of serving France. Chapter four looks at auxiliary resistance, or resistance actions that were designed to help people, whether they were fleeing persecution or were active resisters, aiming to show that resistance went beyond just organisations and networks, and could be about facilitating other actions rather than direct confrontation. The conclusion then argues for a new understanding of resistance, not as une organisation or even un mouvement, but as a form of la cité, or polis, engaged in creating a new form of polity. It shows that the political history of resistance is a combination of institutional politics and expression politics, and that resistance, even if not necessarily politicised, was political by its very nature.
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Bargues, Cécile. "Dada après Dada (années 1930-1940)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010576.
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Pour Jean Arp, Kurt Schwitters ou encore Raoul Hausmann, le propre de Dada serait de se survivre en changeant sans cesse de visage. Cette thèse retrace ce qu'il advient du mouvement dans les années 1930 et 1940. Elle s'attache d'abord à montrer son caractère de transformation permanente en s'appuyant sur les œuvres des dadaïstes se considérant toujours comme tels, ce qui est particulièrement le cas de Raoul Hausmann. Dans un deuxième temps, une étude historiographique, et une analyse des expositions, tant en France qu'aux Etats-Unis, viennent préciser les rapports de Dada avec le champ de l'histoire de l'art. Son rejet (en France) et son intégration progressive (aux Etats-Unis) agissent comme un révélateur des présupposés de la discipline. Par un effet miroir, Dada vient servir un questionnement sur les thèmes constitutifs du discours des historiens de l'art de la période étudiée, qu'il s'agisse du nationalisme, ou du modernisme. Ces deux approches sont imbriquées l'une dans l'autre, les dadaïstes assistant, et participant, à l'historicisation du mouvement.
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Vialles, Catherine. "Jean Renoir : l'expérience américaine, 1940-1948." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081957.
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@C'est un corpus filmique à la fois fort controversé, mais en réalité peu commenté qui fait l'objet de cette étude : cinq long-métrages et un court, réalisés par Jean Renoir en territoire américain durant la période 1941-1948, "cinéma transfuge" à la fortune critique paradoxale. Ainsi, après une suite de malentendus dans la France de l'après-guerre, ce corpus sera-t-il érigé comme jalon essentiel de la "politique des auteurs". Nous partirons d'une hypothèse : plus qu'une "part maudite", la période américaine de Renoir constituerait une "tache aveugle" ouvrant sur l'ensemble de son oeuvre. Seront abordées les raisons controversées de l'exil, et les lointaines ramifications du tropisme hollywoodien de Renoir. Suivront les analyses à la fois génétiques, esthétiques et comparatives de ces objets filmiques dans leur chronologie et leur singularité, au regard de nombreuses sources primaires. . .
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Orsini, Francesca. "The Hindi public sphere, 1920-1940." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1996. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29537/.
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The 1920s and 1930s were decades of momentous changes and expansion in the Hindi literary sphere In this period Hindi became an established public language in print, education and politics and struggled successfully to become the future national language of India. A market for Hindi literature was first created, journals provided venues for debate and literary expression as well as professional employment, genres and styles were explored in many new directions, and new voices emerged, importantly those of women writers. The nationalist movement, too, entered a new phase which emphasized popular publics and vernacular institutions. Through the concept of 'public sphere' as expounded by Jurgen Habermas and other political scientists, this thesis analyzes those changes at the levels of institutions, actors, discourses and, to a limited extent, of audiences in their proper context and in relation to each other. Chapter 2 explores changes in the literary sphere, both its expansion chiefly through the medium of journals, and its institutionalization through a linguistic and literary agenda in the education system. Chapter 3 analyzes historical debates and narratives in order to trace the consolidation and diffusion of a nationalist historical consciousness. Chapter 4 examines the development of women's journals and the space they provided for a critique of discrimination against women and their public access, and for the exploration of women's roles and emotionality. Chapter 5 focuses on the making of Hindi's claim to be the 'national language', the strategies employed and the exclusions operated in the process of its political affirmation. Chapter 6 explores the relationship between the literary and the political spheres focusing on the role of Hindi intellectuals and political leaders. The institutional authority gained in one sphere underwrote that gained in the other, it shall be argued, and gave credence to an official nationalism that does not reflect the complexity and variety of cultural imagination and literary practices in that period.
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Régnier, Gérard. "Jazz et société en France sous l'Occupation (1940-1944)." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010503.
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Dès les débuts de l'Occupation, le jazz, pourtant considéré par les nazis comme une musique " négro-judéo-anglo-saxonne " remplit les salles de concert. On peut l'entendre sur Radio-Paris et les disques atteignent des chiffres de vente impressionnants. La francisation des titres est la règle. La danse est interdite, mais clubs privés, cours de danse et surprises-parties se multiplient. Compositeurs et musiciens juifs sont interdits, en concert comme à la radio, mais le tsigane Django Reinhardt est l'idole du public, occupants compris ! Les zazous, plus anticonformistes que contestataires et ignorant le vrai jazz, sont rejetés par les amateurs. À la Libération, des musiciens sont concernés par l'épuration : employés à Radio-Paris, tournées en Allemagne,. . . L'idée ancrée dans l'imaginaire social que le jazz était interdit sous l'Occupation est une idée fausse, mais elle perdure et contribue à entretenir la conviction que jouer ou même écouter du jazz constituait une forme de résistance.
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Stan, Ana-Maria. "Les relations franco-roumaines à l'époque de Vichy 1940-1944." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040139.
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Iglesias, Sara. "Science, musique, politique : la musicologie française sous l'Occupation 1940-1944." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0089.
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Ce travail étudie comment les musicologues français vivaient l'Occupation allemande de 1940-1944, comment ils y réagissaient, en quoi la discipline en sortait modifiée et quel rôle social on attribuait à la musique dans ce contexte politique complexe. L'analyse des interactions entre politique, musique et science se trouve au centre de la réflexion, proposant une perspective spécifique sur l'histoire culturelle de la période et une étude critique des liens entre musicologie et politique: en quoi et comment le politique entra-t-il dans le discours scientifique? Quelle signification et quelle fonction politiques la musique détenait-elle dans ce discours? Comment les champs de la musicologie et des deux régimes politiques (Vichy et l'occupant) interagissaient-ils? Comment l'Occupation influençait-elle les pratiques musicologiques au quotidien? Et enfin existait-il une « musicologie engagée» ? À travers une lecture herméneutique des textes musicologiques d'un côté et la reconstitution des faits historiques par des archives allemandes et françaises de l'autre, l'interprétation précise des événements et des discours met en question la conception souvent affIrmée d'une musique transcendante et apolitique et d'une musicologie objective et autonomeThis dissertation studies how French musicologists lived under and reacted to the German occupation from 1940 to 1944, how the discipline -in its institutions and discourse -changed during these years and what role the actors attributed to music within this complex political context. The analysis of interactions between politics, music and science is at the centre of the reflection, constructing a new perspective on the cultural history of the period and giving critical consideration to the relationship between musicology and politics, asking: to what extent and in what way did politics enter this specific scientific discourse? How did the fields of musicology and the two political regimes (Vichy and the occupying forces) interact? How did the occupation influence the daily musicological practice? And was there such thing as a "politically engaged musicology"? By means of a close hermeneutical reading of musicological publications on the one hand and the reconstitution of historical facts from German and French archives on the other, the precise interpretation of events and discourses con tests the often affirmed conception of music as being transcendant and apolitical and of musicology as being objective and autonomous
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Hatherell, William. "A cultural history of Brisbane 1940-1970 /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17644.pdf.
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Marín, Valencia Alberto. "Españoles en la resistencia francesa 1940-1945." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667201.
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La prestigiosa historiadora Geneviève Dreyfus-Armand, gran conocedora del exilio de los republicanos españoles, en un ciclo de conferencia sobre las “Memorias del Olvido”, organizadas por la F.A.C.E.E.F Federación de Asociaciones y Centros de Españoles Emigrantes en Francia, denunciaba:
“Durante mucho tiempo la participación de los españoles en la Segunda Guerra mundial -en particular en la Resistencia- al lado de los franceses, fue un hecho poco conocido. Ha sido generalmente olvidado por los historiadores mismos y, en todo caso ampliamente ausente en la memoria colectiva francesa […] Las razones de este «olvido histórico» radican principalmente en la manera en que Francia escribió su propia historia de esos años. En los recuerdos predominantes de la postguerra los franceses desconocieron la participación de los extranjeros en la Resistencia, para hacer prevalecer la imagen de un amplio consenso nacional contra la ocupación nazi, guiados por un jefe prestigioso [De Gaulle] o un partido de vanguardia [PCF]. Pero los mecanismos de esta disimulación, de este olvido, revisten un carácter particular en el caso de los españoles”(1)
En este párrafo está perfectamente reflejada la razón de elegir este tema para mi Tesis. El objetivo de la tesis es conseguir el máximo de información bibliográfica y especialmente documental de archivos, que me permita extraer conclusiones, razonadas y aceptables, sobre cómo se desarrolló y la importancia absoluta y relativa de la participación de los republicanos españoles en la Resistencia francesa, tanto Interior como Exterior. El estudio de la Resistencia Interior, dada su amplia dimensión geográfica, se centra particularmente en el Sur de Francia, donde se concentraron una gran parte de los exilados republicanos (2, 3), y por tanto donde la participación española fue más activa, lo que permite realizar una extrapolación razonada de la participación global.
Parto de la hipótesis de que la participación española existió tanto en la Resistencia Interior como en la Exterior. Que la misma no fue numerosa en valores absolutos, pero si en valor relativo ya que el porcentaje sobre el total de exilados españoles fue superior al porcentaje de participación de la población francesa. Que su participación influyó relativamente poco en la liberación de Francia, aunque tuvo actuaciones concretas brillantes. Que el pueblo francés desconoce esta participación, ya que la historiografía francesa la ha ignorado, salvo escasas excepciones. / NOTAS:
(1) Dreyfus-Armand, 1995, 73
(2) Javier Rubio en su libro "La emigración de la Guerra Civil 1936.1939", muestra un mapa (el 8 pág. 277) donde se identifica claramente que a finales de 1939 los Departamento que más refugiados tenían eran los del sur de Francia: Pirineos Orientales y Hérault, cada uno con más de 25.000 refugiados, y Ariege y Aude, entre 10.000 y 25.000. El resto de los Departamentos, en su gran mayoría, se mueven entre 500 a1.000 refugiados.
(3) Serge Ravanel que fue jefe de las Fuerzas Francesas Libres FFI de la Región 4, Toulouse, dice que la resistencia española nació en el Sur de Francia, en intervención (5:00-6:06) en el reportaje: 1940-1945. Españoles en la tormenta. resistencia en Francia. Video: Uned Documentales https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6kLKxOHINU (7/10/2016)
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Hope, Fraser. "War and occupation in Udine, 1940-1945." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24706.
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This thesis looks at some aspects of the Italian home front during World War Two in the predominantly rural, northeastern province of Udine. It also examines the immediate aftermath of the war, the first few months of the Reconstruction period. The thesis quite deliberately devotes more attention to the early part of the war because, in the case of Italy, it is the least studied period of the conflict. The vast majority of the research that has been published on Italy in the Second World War has focused on the history of the Resistance 1943-45 and also, albeit to a somewhat lesser extent, the military aspects of the conflict. This thesis is also intended as a contribution to the history of the province of Udine itself. The thesis focuses on the question of the Fascist air defence organisations and air raid precautions in the province using local archival sources from the Comitato provinciale protezione antiaerea (1939-1950). It looks at how the local authorities protected non-combatants and what sort of war they expected Italy to wage. Most studies of aerial warfare have tended to focus on civil defence in industrial and port areas. Udine was a bombing target from 1943 onwards because it was a major hub for railway lines from Nazi Germany to central and southern Italy and was particularly hard and repeatedly hit during the last winter of the war. In addition, the PhD describes and analyses the brutality and violence during the period of the Italian Social Republic under German occupation. Much has been written about the German atrocities in Italy, but historians have been less interested in writing about the involvement of Italians in violence which was organised by Nazis, but perpetrated by locals.
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Dias, Fernando Paulo Leitão Simões Rosa. "Ecos expressionistas na pintura portuguesa (1910-1940)." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCSH-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas -- -Departamento de História da Arte, 1996. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29877.
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Whitescarver, Carolyn Ann. "Tudor revival architecture in Atlanta : 1900-1940." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24011.
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Clarke, D. M. "Arming the British Home Guard, 1940-1944." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6164.
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The Second World War saw British society mobilised to an unprecedented extent to meet the threat of Total War. ‘Total Defence’ was manifest in organisations such as the ARP and Home Guard. What sets the Home Guard apart was its combatant role. This thesis examines the arms provided for the Home Guard, and concludes that its combat power has been seriously underestimated. It benefitted from huge quantities of high quality smallarms purchased from the United States, which were not issued to the Regular Army, because they chambered American ammunition. What is extraordinary is that these weapons are always characterised as ancient relics, yet the oldest of them was years younger, in real and design terms, than the British Army equivalent. In 1940 Britain lacked the capacity to manufacture arms in the quantities needed to repair the losses of Dunkirk and meet the needs of the expanding armed forces. The remedy was unorthodox weaponry such as the ‘Sticky Bomb’ and the ‘Blacker Bombard’. These are always associated with the Home Guard, yet saw active service against the Africa Corps. These unconventional weapons were more capable than many modern authors suggest, but they suffer from an impenetrable ‘orthodox view’ that characterises Home Guard weapons as ancient, whimsical and inefficient. This has its origins in the Local Defence Volunteers’ disappointment when the Government failed to meet its promise to arm every volunteer; their dismay at receiving foreign equipment; the way in which the media portrayed the Home Guard; and the fact that the great threats the Home Guard existed to combat – invasion and subversion – appeared to be illusory, making the Home Guard itself seem quixotic. This study strips away that conventional narrative, and exposes a Home Guard that was well equipped for its tasks – frequently better equipped than other components of Home Defence.
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Conway, Martin. "The Rexist movement in Belgium, 1940-1944." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c65f3221-b732-4789-b3fd-e8aa8045c52b.
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The Rexist movement led by Léon Degrelle was the principal francophone collaborationist grouping in German-Occupied Belgium during the Second World War. In the 1930s, the Rexists had been a movement on the Catholic right of the political spectrum who advocated the replacement of the outmoded parliamentary regime by a more authoritarian New Order which would enable a return to the spiritual values of the Catholic faith. Soon after the Belgian defeat of May 1940, they emerged as enthusiastic advocates of an agreement with the apparently victorious German invaders and in January 1941 Degrelle publicly declared his support for the Nazi cause. This resulted in a marked decline in popular support for Rex but did not bring it the German recognition which he craved. Only in the summer of 1941 with the formation of a Légion Wallanie which fought with some distinction alongside the German armies on the Eastern Front was the basis created for closer links between the German authorities and Rex. Subsequently, many Rexists were appointed by the Vehrmacht administrators of Belgium to positions of public responsibility and in January 1943 Degrelle announced the abandonment of his former belief in a unitary Belgian state in favour of the absorption of the francophone Walloons into a Germanic empire. During the latter war years, the Rexists were often the target of attacks by Resistance groups and the atmosphere of fear created by these attacks together with the opportunistic efforts of Degrelle to .forge an alliance with the SS led to a progressive radicalization of the movement. By 1944, the Rexists had become a beleaguered marginal grouping who increasingly resorted to violence to counter their many enemies and in September 1944 many Rexists fled from the Allied liberators to exile in the German Reich.
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Allioux, Yves Marie. "La poésie française au Japon : 1920-1940." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA070056.
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La présente thèse essaie de comprendre le succès de la réception de la poésie française au Japon entre les deux guerres, du symbolisme au sens large jusqu'aux divers mouvements d'avant-garde tels que le dadai͏̈sme ou le surréalisme. Pour prouver qu'il ne s'agit pas d'une occidentalisation superficielle dominée par un complexe d'infériorité culturel ou par le snobisme, il a paru indispensable de replacer les diverses problématiques poétiques de l'entre-deux-guerres dans la perspective de la tradition poétique japonaise. Les trois premiers chapitres s'attachent donc à dessiner l'"horizon d'attente" de la poésie française au Japon, et tentent une synthèse de la poésie japonaise à l'aube de la modernité, en mettant l'accent sur quelques traits pertinents : l'expression d'une subjectivité moderne, la recherche d'un invisible métaphysique. Le chapitre IV retrace les évolutions politico-idéologiques propres à expliquer comment, dans les premières années du XXè siècle, l'intérêt des créateurs japonais s'est reporté du romantisme anglais vers le symbolisme français, tandis que le chapitre V traite des auteurs ou mouvements poétiques français qui se sont implantés au Japon dans l'entre-deux-guerres avant que la montée du militarisme ne provoque un "retour au Japon". Dès lors, plus que l'"esprit nouveau", c'est la Nouvelle Revue Française qui séduisit par sa double postulation de désengagement politique et d'exigence de qualité artistique. Cependant, un nouvel universalisme et une sorte d'unanimisme poétique, s"esquissaient dans l'oeuvre d'un poète francisant traducteur de Rimbaud, NAKAHARA Chûya (1907-1937), qui réalisait une véritable "fusion des horizons", garante, selon nous, de la large audience qu'il n'a cessé de connaître au Japon depuis la fin de la guerreThis essay is an analysis of the successful reception of French poetry from widely-defined symbolism to varied "avant-garde" movements like Dadaism and Surrealism in Japan between the two world wars. To prove that this success was not simply a superficial imitation of the West dominated by a feeling of cultural inferiority or by snobbishness, it has been felt necessary to place the various poetic preoccupations of early 20th century Japan in the perspective of Japanese poetic tradition. So the first three chapters describe the situation met by French poetry in Japan (the "Ertwartungshorizont" of Hans Robert JAUSS), and include an attempt to make a synthesis of Japanese poetry at the beginning of the modern era while accentuating a few important characteristics: the presence of modern subjectivity and the search for an invisible metaphysics. Chapter IV retraces the political and ideological changes in Japan which explains how in the early decades of the 20th century the Japanese creators moved from an interest in English romanticism towards French symbolism. Chapter V deals with the authors or with the French poetical movements which where influential in Japan between 1920 and 1940 before the rise of militarism closed Japan to foreign influence. From then on more then the "New spirit", it was the "Nouvelle Revue Française" which was found attractive through its double ethic of political neutrality and high artistic quality. However a new universalism and a sort of poetic unanimism was becoming apparent in the work of a poet specialised in French and the translator of Rimbaud, called NAKAHARA Chuya (1907-1937) who was managing a "fusion of horizons" which guaranteed him the large audience which he has continued to enjoy in Japan since the end of the war
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Abzac-Epezy, Claude d'. "L'armée de l'air de Vichy : 1940-1944." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010637.
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Les conventions d'armistice signées en juin 1940 exigeaient la disparition de l'armée de l'air. Cependant, les affaires de mers El-Kebir et de Dakar amènent sa survie provisoire, car Hitler souhaite que les français soient en mesure de défendre leur neutralité en Afrique, face aux attaques aériennes anglaises et gaullistes. Les années 1940-1942 voient donc une remontée en puissance de cette armée, marquée par trois phases de réarmement à la suite de Montoire, des protocoles de Paris et de l'entrevue de Saint Florentin. En avril 1942, elle rassemble 80 000 hommes. Les combats avec les alliés culminent avec l'affaire de Syrie en mai-juillet 1941 et le débarquement en Afrique du nord, le 8 novembre 1942. Par la suite, les allemands et les italiens saisissent les avions français de métropole, mais l'armée de l'air ne disparait pas. Elle survit sous la forme d'une armée de défense aérienne, 17 000 hommes contrôlées par la luftwaffe, et chargés de la lutte à terre contre l'aviation alliée. À la libération, après une épuration bâclée, ces hommes s'intègrent aux forces aériennes françaises venues d’Afrique du nord et participent avec eux aux combats de la victoire. Cette étude apporte des éléments pour la compréhension des rapports militaires franco-allemands et pour l'histoire de la collaboration militaire d'état, elle permet aussi de se pencher sur les mécanismes d'adhésion à l'état français au sein des forces militaires. L'exploitation des archives du service historique de l'armée de l'air, et de plus de deux cents interviews, montre à quel point, chez la grande majorité dès l'armée de l'air, l'adhésion à la révolution nationale était très forte mais la perception de la collaboration était masquée par un discours de revanche, corroboré par quelques actions anti-allemandes, qui ont maintenu jusqu'au bout l'illusion du double jeuThe Vichy air force was expected to disappear by the armistice conventions. However, the mers el-kebir and the dakar affairs brought it a temporary survival as hitler wanted france to keep a capacity to maintain its neutralism in Africa against the english and the Gaullist attacks. During the 1940-1942 years, the French air force slowly increased its power going through three phases of rearmament due to the military collaboration projects decided first at Montoire, then by the Paris protocols and the Saint Florentin meeting. Fights with allied aircrafts reached their peak with the Syrian affair in may-july 1941 and the allied landings in north Africa on november 8, 1942. Later, the German and Italian armies seized the French aircrafts on the French territory. However, the air force did not disappear but survived as an air defence army tightly controlled by the luftwaffe. At the liberation, after a hasty purge, this air force without planes was amalgamated to the French air force coming from north Africa and together participated to the victory combats. To study the Vichy air force gives elements to understand the Franco-German military relations during the occupation. Most of the all, it allow to better apprehend the adhesion mechanisms to the French state and to its policy of collaboration. The systematic exploitation of the historic department of the French air force archives and of more than two hundred recorded interviews shows how much the idea of collaboration, mainly in the military sector, was concealed by a revenge speech, and even by some underground actions maintaining the illusion of a double game until the end
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Joubert, Marie-Agnès. "La Comédie-Française sous l'occupation (1940-1944)." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100169.
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Septembre 1940 : la Comédie-Française rouvre ses portes dans paris occupé. Administrateur par intérim après la retraite forcée d'Edouard Bourdet, Jacques Copeau assume la délicate tâche de maintenir intact en cette période particulièrement troublée le prestige de la première scène nationale. Mais les divisions de plus en plus aiguës au sein de la troupe, et la suspicion dont il fait l'objet de la part des autorités allemandes, précipitent son départ en décembre 1940. Choisi par les sociétaires eux-mêmes, son successeur, Jean-Louis Vaudoyer, affiche tout de suite des projets très ambitieux. Apres avoir obtenu la promesse d'un relèvement spectaculaire du montant de la subvention, il propose une réforme du comité d'administration, de l'assemblée générale et de la régie de la mise en scène, procède a une refonte de la troupe et contribue à la création de "la reine morte" et du "soulier de satin". L'état français apporte un soutien matériel et financier presque inconditionnel à la Comédie-Française, qui satisfait à un double désir : contrôler la gestion administrative et encourager une vie artistique brillante. Le théâtre vit également sous un autre regard : celui de l'occupant allemand, qui exerce une surveillance sans relâche sur l'administration et les pièces représentées. Malgré toutes ces contraintes, la Francais progresse dans le sens de la rénovationSeptember 1940: the Comedie-Française reopens in an occupied Paris. Jacques Copeau, acting administrator after the forced retirement of Edouard Bourdet, takes on, in particularly agitated times, the delicate task of maintaining as intact as before the prestige of the first national scene. Nevertheless, subject to growing divisions in the company as well as a suspicion from German authorities, he is urged to leave in December 1940. His successor, Jean-Louis Vaudoyer, is designated directly by the members of the society and sets forth highly ambitious projects. After obtaining the promise for a spectacular subsidy increase, he proposes a reform of the board of directors, the general assembly and the stage management. He also reorganizes the troupe and contributes to the creation of “la reine morte” and “le soulier de satin”. The French government provides the Comedie-Française with a material and financial support, almost unconditionally and with a twofold objective: controlling the administrative management and favoring an outstanding artistic life. The theater is also controlled by the German occupier who keeps a permanent eye on the administration and on performed plays. Despite all these restraints, the Comedie-Française progresses in the way of renovation
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Prêtet, Bernard. "Sportifs et sports en France 1940-1945." Paris 10, 2014. http://www.numeriquepremium.com/content/books/9782369423881.
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Le but de la thèse est d'envisager les conduites des acteurs du monde sportifs fédéral (pratiquants, dirigeants, spectateurs) vis à vis du régime de l’Etat français de l’occupation et de ses contraintes. La recherche privilégie les sources émanant du monde sportif. Au cours des "années noires", le sport français est soumis à un double défi : celui des pénuries et de l'Occupation (auxquelles il est par sa nature particulièrement sensible) et aussi celui de la volonté du régime de Vichy, qui veut faire de lui un instrument de la "Révolution Nationale". Le sport est aussi un enjeu pour les collaborationnistes. L'introduction introduit un état des lieux en 1939. Une première partie fait un tableau des activités et des représentations du sport (sauvegarde d'un patrimoine, élargissement des pratiques encouragé par le Commissariat général à l'Education générale et aux Sports, élan du sport féminin, utilisation du sport au service de la "Révolution Nationale", moyens d'encadrement, et aussi réalités de la pratique). La deuxième traite des diverses réactions du monde sportif face aux entreprises de vassalisation et aux contraintes (stratégies d'encadrement du Commissariat et de la collaboration):conduites minoritaires favorables ou, à l'inverse, engagements dans la Résistance ou refus et conduites majoritaires déterminées par l'attachement prépondérant au sport ou la recherche d’un certain espace de liberté. La troisième partie (héritage et mémoire) est consacrée aux traces laissées par la politique du Commissariat (structures sportives, modalités de la pratique ,hiérarchies sportives) et aux appréciations portées sur les responsables par les sportifsThe purpose of the thesis is to consider the behaviour of sports association stakeholders (players, managers, spectators) under the régime of the French State, the Occupation and its constraints. Research draws primarily on sources from within the sporting world. During the “dark years”, french sport was doubly penalised : by scarcity and the Occupation (to which it was by its very essence particularly sensitive), as well as by the Vichy régime's will to use it as a tool serving the “National Revolution”. Sport was also a strategic issue for collaborationists. The introduction provides an inventory of sport in 1939. The first part covers activities and representation of sport (heritage conservation, widened participation fostered by the government body responsible for Education and Sport “Commissariat général à l'Éducation générale et aux Sports”, impetus given to women's sports, use of sport to serve the “National Revolution”, supervisory staff as well as the realities of playing sport). The second part deals with the various reactions of the sporting world to attempts to subordinate and constrain it: favourable minority behaviour, or on the contrary, commitment to the Resistance or refusal and majority behaviour determined by an overriding attachment to sport or the search for an area of freedom. The third part (heritage and remembrance) is devoted to the imprint left by the Commissariat's policy (sports infrastructure, forms of play, sporting hierarchies) and to sportspersons' judgement on those in authority
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Décoret-Ahiha, Anne. "Les danses exotiques en France,1900-1940." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081455.
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Au cours des quarante premieres annees du xxʿ siecle, differents espaces sceniques francais (theatres, music-halls, expositions universelles et coloniales) ont accueilli des danseurs venus d'asie, d'afrique, d'orient ou d'amerique et ont permis a un vaste public de decouvrir des formes choregraphiques et gestuelles nouvelles, resolument differentes des codes de la danse academique occidentale. Dans un contexte d'apogee coloniale et de progres industriel, ces danses exotiques constituerent une veritable curiosite et susciterent un formidable engouement, tant chez les spectateurs que chez les danseurs qui s'investirent de maniere plus ou moins approfondie dans leur pratique. A partir des itineraires de chacun des artistes exotiques, cette etude se propose de retracer l'histoire de la decouverte sur le sol francais des danses exotiques, qu'elles soient theatrales ou sociales. Elle en exposera les modalites, degagera les problematiques liees au processus de delocalisation/ relocalisation de formes choregraphico-culturelles, analysera les discours produits a l'occasion de cette rencontre et mesurera enfin son impact sur les pratiques sociales et artistiques de danseDuring the first forty years of the xx0 century, various french show halls (theatre, variety, universal and colonial exhibitions) welcomed asian, african, oriental and american dancers and allowed a large audience to discover new choregraphic and gestural forms, resolutly different from the codes of the western academic dance. In a context of colonial apogee and industrial progress, these exotic dances became a real source of interest and a lot of passion resulted from this new trend, both for the public and for the dancers who were involved more or less deeply in their practice. Starting from each exotic artist's itinerary, the purpose of this study is to show the history of the discovery of exotic dances, social or theatrical, in france. It will look at the various stages of this discovery, will high light the issue about the process of transfer / adaptation of cultural and choregraphic forms. I will also analyse the speechs made at that time and will assess the impact of this new current on social and artistic dance practices
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Abzac-Epezy, Claude d'. "L'armée de l'air de Vichy : 1940-1944 /." Vincennes : Service historique de l'armée de l'air, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36181723v.
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Conde, Peñalosa Raquel. "La novela femenina de posguerra (1940-1960) /." Madrid : Pliegos, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39951063b.
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Zeeman, Bert Wiebes Cees. "Belgium, The Netherlands and alliances, 1940-1949 /." [Netherlands] : s. n, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39150660b.
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Fleer, Peter Albert. "Arbeitsmarkt und Herrschaftsapparat in Guatemala, 1920 - 1940 /." [S.l : s.n.], 1996. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Loprinzi, Colleen Marie. "Hispanic migrant labor in Oregon, 1940-1990." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4297.
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Hispanic Migrant Labor in Oregon, 1940-1990, describes the history and conditions of Hispanic farmworkers migrating from the southwestern United States, Mexico, and Latin America after the 1940s. This paper uncovers the history and contribution of a people easily forgotten, but essential to the well-being of the economy and the cultural diversity o f Oregon. Though much has been lost in the comings and the goings o f these people, bits and pieces have been recovered from old newspaper clippings, occasional documents recording the concerns and responses of the federal and state governments, rare articles tucked away in little known periodicals, and interviews.
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Selvatici, Chiara <1977>. "La costruzione moderna a Bologna 1920 - 1940." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3328/1/SELVATICI_CHIARA_TESI.pdf.
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Il presente lavoro di ricerca si inserisce all’interno degli ambiti di interesse del settore disciplinare dell’ICAR 10 – Architettura Tecnica, rappresentato dalla Storia della costruzione. In questo quadro, lo studio sulla Costruzione Moderna a Bologna tra il 1920 e il 1940, costituisce un tassello di una ricerca più ampia ed intesa a delineare l’importanza assunta dalla vicenda bolognese nel definire il profilo teorico ed applicativo della tecnica in cemento armato nella genesi del linguaggio architettonico che connota l’esperienza del Modernismo italiano degli anni trenta.
La ricaduta più diretta della ricerca è rintracciabile nella creazione di una base informativa ipertestuale strutturata secondo diversi livelli di lettura tra loro correlati: la localizzazione, i progettisti e le imprese costruttrici, l’anno di realizzazione, la tipologia, le tecniche costruttive impiegate, la storia dell’edificio, le trasformazioni, la localizzazione della documentazione e le fonti bibliografiche, con collegamenti ipertestuali che consentono di consultare il materiale documentario.
Gli esiti di tale studio hanno una duplice finalità: da un lato tale lavoro restituisce una mappatura analitica del patrimonio edilizio costruito nel ventennio analizzato, consentendo una registrazione sintetica ma puntuale delle fonti archivistiche e dei relativi apparati documentali. Un lavoro di supporto indispensabile per ogni futura ricerca intesa ad indagare le singole vicende che hanno accompagnato lo sviluppo edilizio della città di Bologna. In seconda istanza questo studio consente di porre in luce l’importanza assunta dai magisteri tecnici nel definire le scelte di ordine architettonico, ovvero di evidenziare come la conoscenza della storia materiale degli edifici induca a formulare una valutazione più appropriata e stringente sugli esiti architettonici conseguiti, superando così l’astrattezza di una interpretazione votata ai soli aspetti figurativi.
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Selvatici, Chiara <1977>. "La costruzione moderna a Bologna 1920 - 1940." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3328/.
Full textAbstract:
Il presente lavoro di ricerca si inserisce all’interno degli ambiti di interesse del settore disciplinare dell’ICAR 10 – Architettura Tecnica, rappresentato dalla Storia della costruzione. In questo quadro, lo studio sulla Costruzione Moderna a Bologna tra il 1920 e il 1940, costituisce un tassello di una ricerca più ampia ed intesa a delineare l’importanza assunta dalla vicenda bolognese nel definire il profilo teorico ed applicativo della tecnica in cemento armato nella genesi del linguaggio architettonico che connota l’esperienza del Modernismo italiano degli anni trenta.
La ricaduta più diretta della ricerca è rintracciabile nella creazione di una base informativa ipertestuale strutturata secondo diversi livelli di lettura tra loro correlati: la localizzazione, i progettisti e le imprese costruttrici, l’anno di realizzazione, la tipologia, le tecniche costruttive impiegate, la storia dell’edificio, le trasformazioni, la localizzazione della documentazione e le fonti bibliografiche, con collegamenti ipertestuali che consentono di consultare il materiale documentario.
Gli esiti di tale studio hanno una duplice finalità: da un lato tale lavoro restituisce una mappatura analitica del patrimonio edilizio costruito nel ventennio analizzato, consentendo una registrazione sintetica ma puntuale delle fonti archivistiche e dei relativi apparati documentali. Un lavoro di supporto indispensabile per ogni futura ricerca intesa ad indagare le singole vicende che hanno accompagnato lo sviluppo edilizio della città di Bologna. In seconda istanza questo studio consente di porre in luce l’importanza assunta dai magisteri tecnici nel definire le scelte di ordine architettonico, ovvero di evidenziare come la conoscenza della storia materiale degli edifici induca a formulare una valutazione più appropriata e stringente sugli esiti architettonici conseguiti, superando così l’astrattezza di una interpretazione votata ai soli aspetti figurativi.
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Insolvibile, Isabella. "I prigionieri alleati in Italia, 1940-1943." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/100604.
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Il presente lavoro di tesi ricostruisce, sulla base di un’ampia documentazione italiana, britannica, svizzera e vaticana, l’esperienza di cattività dei prigionieri alleati (English speaking) in Italia tra 1940 e 1943. La tesi è suddivisa in nove capitoli, preceduti da un’introduzione e seguiti da conclusioni di tipo intepretativo. Nel primo capitolo si delineano le modalità della cattura dei soldati nemici al fronte, perlopiù africano, e la loro detenzione nei campi di transito, con il successivo trasferimento in Italia. Nel secondo sono descritti gli enti, nazionali, nemici e neutrali, che si occuparono dei prigionieri alleati in mani italiane, dalla potenza protettrice alla Croce Rossa Internazionale, all’italiana Commissione interministeriale per i prigionieri di guerra, al Vaticano. Nel terzo capitolo sono esaminati i vari tipi di campo presenti sulla penisola (di transito, concentramento, lavoro e punizione), nella loro diversa tipologia e collocazione territoriale. Nel quarto capitolo si descrivono le grandi problematiche che quei prigionieri si trovarono ad affrontare in Italia, cioè soprattutto la fame, il freddo e le malattie. Nel quinto capitolo si esamina l’impiego dei prigionieri alleati in lavori a favore dei propri detentori, in ambito agricolo ma non solo. Nel sesto capitolo si affrontano le cosiddette condizioni “psicologiche e morali” dei prigionieri, attraverso l’analisi della loro corrispondenza, i disagi patiti, i rapporti con i commilitoni e con i detentori e i vari tentativi di gestire il malessere provocato dallo stato prolungato di cattività. Nel settimo capitolo si descrivono le forme di protesta dei prigionieri, i reati da loro commessi e, soprattutto, le fughe e le evasioni dai campi che, ben lungi dall’essere un’attività di tipo ludico, come ha non di rado sostenuto una certa narrazione, anche in Italia provocarono ferimenti e decessi tra i prigionieri. I crimini di guerra e le violazioni della Convenzione di Ginevra sono l’argomento dell’ottavo capitolo. Il nono, invece, racchiude il tema degli scambi dei prigionieri, perlopiù malati o feriti, tra l’Italia e le potenze nemiche, e quello della “grande fuga” dai campi successiva all’armistizio. Gli argomenti trattati, grazie al sostegno di un ricco apparato di fonti, archivistiche e memorialistiche, messe continuamente a confronto, ricostruiscono un quadro di eventi finora inedito per la storiografia italiana e internazionale, che vengono interpretati nel contesto, ampio e complesso, della cattività militare durante il secondo conflitto mondiale.The PhD thesis concerns the Allied captivity in Italy in 1940-1943 thanks to many Italian, British, Swiss and Vatican archival sources (the Prisoners of War – henceforth PoWs - concerned are just English speaking PoWs). The thesis is divided into 9 chapters forerun by an Introduction and followed by a Conclusion. In the first chapter, the PoWs’ capture on the African frontline, their detention in the transit camps and the following transfer to Italy are debated. In the second chapter, the topic concerns the Italian, enemy and neutral institutions that dealt with Allied Pows in Italian hands, from the Protecting Power to the International Committee of the Red Cross, to the Italian Commissione interministeriale per i prigionieri di guerra, to the Holy See. In the third chapter, the different types of Italian camps (transit, concentration, working and punishment camps) are reconstructed. In the fourth chapter, the topics are the big problems that PoWs had to face in Italy, above all the hunger, the cold and the sicknesses. In the fifth chapter, the work of the prisoners for their Italian holder, above all in farming, is examined. In the sixth chapter, the PoWS “psychological and moral conditions” are examined by the analysis of their letters home, the suffered discomfort, the relationships with the comrades and the enemies, the attempts to manage the too long captivity. In the seventh chapter, the PoWS’ protests and complaints, the crimes committed by them (in their detaining power opinion) and above all their escapes are examined. The escapes were really “not a sport”, as some interpretation has been narrating for a long period: actually, they caused injuries and deaths among the prisoners, also in Italy. War crimes and violations of the Geneve Convention from the Italian detaining power are the issues of the eighth chapter. The last chapter debates the topic of the prisoners’ exchanges between their holders and the issue of the “big escape” of the Allied Pows after the armistice of September 1943. The general topic of this research, thanks to a big apparatus of archival and biographical sources used comparatively, provides a previously unknown context of events, new for the Italian and for the international historiography.
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Giraudier, Vincent. "Procédures et juridictions d'exceptions du régime de Vichy." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30058.
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Le régime dit de l'État français a, en complément et en parallèle au système judiciaire “ ordinaire ”, multiplié les recours à des procédures et à des juridictions d'exceptions tant administratives que judiciaires. La plus importante par le nombre de personnes concernées est la procédure administrative de l'internement dont nous effectuons une “ vue d'ensemble ” de ses origines républicaines à sa déliquescence au sein de “ l'état milicien ”. Mais cette procédure massive a aussi été utilisée dans le cadre du jugement de la défaite de 1940 en liaison avec des procédures judiciaires d'exceptions mises en place dans ce but. Cette étude approfondie des lieux et des procédures utilisées dans le cadre du jugement de la défaite se complète d'un aperçu de l'ensemble des procédures administratives et judiciaires d'exceptions créées sous Vichy. La globalité de ces recherches nous permet donc d'apporter une vision d'ensemble de l'exception répressive en France durant les années noiresIn addition to the basic legal system the said “ Etat français ” has had recourse to both administrative and exceptional legal procedures. We will give an overview of the legal procedure of internment that procedure which has concerned the largest number of people- from ist republican origins to ist fall into decay during the “ état milicien ”. During the judgements that came in the wake of the defeat of 1940, this large-scale procedure was used in collaboration with “ exceptional ” court proceedings. In addition to our in-depth study of the sites and procedures used during the 1940 defeat we have also provided a general overview of both the administrative and “ exceptional ” legal procedures created during the Vichy administration. This whole study will provide a better general view of the exceptional politics of repression apparent in France during the occupation
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Grenard, Fabrice. "Le marché noir et ses enjeux dans la société française des années quarante (1940-1949)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0035.
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Le marché noir fut un phénomène important au cours des années quarante et reste dans la mémoire collective comme le symbole des pénuries et restrictions de la période. Mais si le marché noir est évoqué de manière récurrente pour rappeler les difficultés matérielles de l'Occupation, les enjeux du phénomène dépassent en fait largement le simple cadre de la vie quotidienne. L'ouverture récente des archives du contrôle économique, administration chargée de centraliser la répression du marché noir, permet ainsi d'aborder le phénomène sous sa triple dimension, économique, sociale et politique. Sur le plan économique, le marché noir constitua une faille importante dans la tentative de Vichy pour encadrer et contrôler l'économie. Sur le plan social, le marché noir fut l'un des principaux facteurs d'accentuation des inégalités à la faveur de la période. Enfin, analysé sous l'angle de l'incivisme, le phénomène eut une portée politique indéniable. Les enjeux évoluèrent selon les périodes, en fonction du contexte. Au début de l'Occupation, le marché noir, unanimement critiqué, apparut comme une affaire de spécialistes. Mais dès 1941, il connut un processus de généralisation et l'ensemble du corps social en devint complice. Tous les acteurs de la période (Vichy, l'occupant, la résistance. . . ) ont pu y avoir recours, ce qui contribua à rendre le phénomène particulièrement équivoque. Après la Libération, le marché noir continua de faire partie du quotidien des Français, jusqu'en 1949, alimentant d'importantes frustrations et encourageant de nombreuses manifestations populaires, ayant, comme lors de la période précédente, d'importantes répercussions politiques.
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Loth, Shon William. "A historical comparative analysis of British and French nuclear weapons proliferation : 1940-1947, 1954-1960." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285743.
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Navarra, Ordoño Andreu. "José María Salaverría: escritor y periodista (1904 – 1940)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32011.
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El escritor vasco José María Salaverría, autor inscrito en el contexto de la Generación del 98, es un escritor no reeditado y prácticamente olvidado. El presente trabajo se ha propuesto analizar la totalidad de su obra literaria, formada por unos 65 libros, elaborar un inventario de sus colaboraciones en la prensa barcelonesa y madrileña, que abarcan un período comprendido desde 1904 a 1940 y presentar una edición antológica de los artículos periodísticos más destacables de su producción.
El objetivo ha sido rescatar los textos más desconocidos del autor, actualizar la bibliografía existente sobre Salaverría y la Generación el 98, recoger todas las reseñas publicadas en vida del objeto de estudio, destacar los trabajos más relevantes de su trayectoria, enjuiciar en qué géneros y de qué modo pudo ser innovador, señalar sus limitaciones como intelectual y artista y documentar sus abundantes viajes, tareas no realizadas con exhaustividad hasta ahora.
El análisis de la obra salaverriana se propuso poner en relación su producción literaria y periodística con cada uno de los movimientos estéticos que enjuicia en sus páginas (Realismo, Naturalismo, Vanguardias, Generación del 27), así como relacionar también su escritura con las ideologías y los acontecimientos históricos que se sucedieron durante su trayectoria literaria: crisis de Fin de Siglo y Desastre colonial, Regeneracionismo, Primera Guerra Mundial, maurismo, Aliadofilia y Germanofilia, crisis política de 1917, fin de la Restauración y advenimiento del Directorio militar, inicio de la Segunda República Española y Guerra Civil.
Asimismo, el trabajo se propuso dilucidar cuál fue la relación de Salaverría con los principales intelectuales de su tiempo, documentando epistolarios, viajes en común y comentarios mutuos en la prensa nunca consignados: Unamuno, Baroja, Azorín, Maeztu, Ortega y Gasset, Araquistáin, Ricardo Baeza, Miquel dels Sants Oliver y Eugenio D’Ors, entre otros.
Las hipótesis barajadas antes del proceso de redacción fueron: en primer lugar, que un alumbramiento de los textos desconocidos del autor, enterrados en publicaciones de principios del siglo XX, ampliaría considerablemente el espectro de temas a tratar y aportaría una mayor complejidad al análisis de su carácter. En segundo lugar, hacía falta demostrar la coetaneidad y coincidencias de Salaverría con la promoción de Miguel de Unamuno, Pío Baroja, Ramiro de Maeztu y José Martínez Ruiz, sin calificar al autor de “novecentista” u otros rótulos no acompañados de una justificación (Salaverría nació en 1873: Baroja en 1872 y Maeztu en 1874). En tercer lugar, poner de manifiesto el hecho de que Salaverría, al lado de Maeztu y Grandmontagne, era un eslabón que unía el Regeneracionismo finisecular con la derecha autoritaria de los años veinte. En cuarto lugar, Salaverría forjó una serie de iconos nacionalistas y creó un tipo de prosa propagandística que influyó sobre muchos escritores más jóvenes: Rafael Sánchez Mazas, Ernesto Giménez Caballero y Luys Santa Marina, avanzándose una década a los planteamientos corporativistas propios de la década de los años 20. En quinto lugar, señalar que el autor sacrificó toda veleidad estética para forjar un proyecto político ultranacionalista. Y por último, describir de qué modo intuyó el autor la utilidad de la prensa industrializada a la hora de divulgar un ideario político de confrontación.
La estructura de la tesis comprende dos partes diferenciadas: el cuerpo del trabajo en que se analizan, reunidos por géneros, todos los libros de Salaverría y todos sus artículos en prensa y, en un apéndice con un CD como soporte, la antología con los 83 artículos escritos por Salaverría y nunca recogidos en forma de libro que completan el análisis.José María Salaverría and Ipenza was a known polygraph in the generation of the 98 who was soon eclipsed by the great intellectual figures of his class: Unamuno, Azorin, Baroja, and Maeztu. His work is composed of about sixty books and a newspaper production volume which is comparable in quantity (but not in quality) to the one by his colleagues. The thesis consists of two parts. The first is an analysis of all the books published by the author sorted by thematic cycles. The second part is an appendix containing 83 articles never collected in book and have been exhumed from the three newspapers that contain large collections of texts author: ABC, La Vanguardia and El gráfico.
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Fuentes, Vázquez Manuel. "La poesia de la revista escorial (1940-1950)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8795.
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De, Young de la Marck David Jacques. "Free French and British intelligence relations, 1940-1944." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251830.
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Tang, Godfrey K. "The evolution of British intelligence assessment, 1940-1941." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38550.pdf.
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Thériault, Mark J. "Art as propaganda in Vichy France, 1940-1944." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112592.
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The French government under Philippe Petain, based at Vichy, simultaneously collaborated with the Germans and promoted French patriotism. French artists and designers produced an abundance of posters, paintings, sculptures and other objets d'art, examples of which are included here, to promote the values of the "new order." Although Christian symbols were common, fascist symbols among the mass-produced images support the idea that the Vichy regime was not merely authoritarian, but parafascist.The fine arts were purged of "foreign" influences, yet the German Arno Breker was invited to exhibit his sculptures in Paris. In the spirit of national redressement, traditional French art was promoted; however, Modern art, which Hitler condemned as cultural Bolshevism, continued to be produced. With reference to the words of Petain, Hitler, French artists and art critics, and a variety of artworks, this thesis shows how art was used to propagate the ideology of the Vichy regime.
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Massam, David R. "British maritime strategy and amphibious capability, 1900-1940." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390353.
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Collier, Paul H. "Logistics of the North African Campaign 1940-1943." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367451.
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Lacey, James. "Economic foundations of American military strategy 1940-1943." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509848.
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