Journal articles on the topic '1940-2016 Criticism and interpretation'
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Gherasim, Gabriel C. "American Art Criticism between the Cultural and the Ideological (II)." American, British and Canadian Studies Journal 25, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abcsj-2015-0006.
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Abstract For the past 150 years, American art and art criticism have undergone important cultural and ideological transformations that are explanatory both of their historical evolution and of the possibility of being divided into several stages. In my interpretation, art criticism cuts across the historical evolution of art in the United States, according to the following cultural and ideological paradigms: two predominant cultural ideologies of art between 1865-1900 and 1960-1980, respectively; two other aesthetic and formalist ideological shifts in the periods between 1900- 1940 and 1940-1960, respectively, and one last pluralist approach to the arts after 1980. Even if this conceptualisation of art criticism in America might seem risky and oversimplifying, there are conspicuous and undeniable arguments supporting it. In a previous study published by American, British and Canadian Studies, I provided conceptual justifications both for the criteria dividing the cultural and the ideological within the overall assessment of American art by art critics and for the analysis and interpretation of the first two important temporal periods in the field of art criticism, 1865-1900 and 1908-1940. The present study continues by analyzing the cultural and ideological stances of American art criticism after 1940 and argues for certain paradigmatic shifts from one period to another.
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Slater, Niall W. "‘Against Interpretation’: Petronius and art Criticism." Ramus 16, no. 1-2 (1987): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00003295.
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For forty years a debate has raged in Petronian studies between the moralists and, for want of a better term, the anti-moralists. From Highet in the 1940's to Bacon and Arrowsmith in the 1950's and 60's, the moralists held a certain advantage. Whatever important divergences there were among these critics, all agreed on a Petronius who stood in some critical relation to his society. The dissenting voices have grown much louder of late. Ironically, the literary brilliance of Arrowsmith's New Critical reading of the Satyricon helped to turn the tide against the moralist viewpoint. The more apparent the literary sophistication of the Satyricon has become, the less willing late twentieth century readers have been to see a programmatic moral critique as its main purpose. Sullivan's view of Petronius as a ‘literary opportunist’ has come to dominate the field.With Graham Anderson's book, Eros Sophistes: Ancient Novelists at Play, the retreat from the position of Highet is now complete. We have finally reached the logical, New Critical conclusion that the Satyricon is an entirely self-contained literary game without any message whatsoever; in effect we are told that, like any serious piece of literature, the Satyricon ‘should not mean, but be’. Anderson is eager to disavow ‘the unproven conviction that every work must have a message, however diffusely or perversely expressed’.
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Vasic, Aleksandar. "Engagement in musical criticism: Pavle Stefanovic’s texts in The Music Herald (1938-1940)." Muzikologija, no. 27 (2019): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz1927203v.
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Pavle Stefanovic (1901-1985) is one of the most prominent Serbian music critics and essayists. He created extensive musicographic work, largely scattered in periodicals. A philosopher by education, he had an excellent knowledge of music and its history. His style was marked by eloquence, associativity and plasticity of expression. Between 1938 and 1940 he published eighteen music reviews in The Music Herald, the longest-running Belgrade music magazine in the interwar period (1928-1941, with interruption from 1934 to 1938). Stefanovic wrote about concerts, opera and ballet performances in Belgrade, performances by local and eminent foreign artists. His reviews include Magda Tagliaferro, Nathan Milstein, Jacques Thibaud, Enrico Mainardi, Bronis?aw Huberman, Alexander Uninsky, Alexaner Borovsky, Ignaz Friedman, Nikita Magaloff and many other eminent musicians. Th is study is devoted to the analysis of the Stefanovic?s procedure. Pavle Stefanovic was an anti-fascist and left ist. He believed that the task of a music critic was not merely to analyze and evaluate musical works and musical interpretations. He argued that the critic should engage in important social issues that concerned music and music life. That is why he wrote articles on the occasion of German artists visiting Belgrade, about the persecution of musicians of Jewish descent and the cultural situation in the Third Reich. On the other hand, Stefanovic was an aesthetic hedonist who expressed a great sense of the beauty of musical works. Th at duality - a socially engaged intellectual and a subtle ?enjoyer? of the art - remained undisturbed. In these articles he did not go into a deterministic interpretation of the structure of musical composition and the history of music. And he did not accept the larpurlartistic views.
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Lim HeonGyu. "A Study on Chu-Hsi's interpretation of Poetics in Confucian analects & Dasan's Criticism." JOURNAL OF KOREAN PHILOSOPHICAL HISTORY ll, no. 49 (May 2016): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35504/kph.2016..49.005.
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Drąg, Wojciech. "“I’m a I’m a Scholar at the Moment”: The Voice of the Literary Critic in the Works of American Scholar-Metafictionists." American, British and Canadian Studies Journal 26, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abcsj-2016-0003.
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Abstract In her seminal book on metafiction, Patricia Waugh describes this practice as an obliteration of the distinction between “creation” and “criticism.” This article examines the interplay of the “creative” and the “critical” in five American metafictions from the late 1960s, whose authors were both fictional writers and scholars: Donald Barthelme’s Snow White, John Barth’s Lost in the Funhouse, William H. Gass’s Willie Masters’ Lonesome Wife, Robert Coover’s Pricksongs and Descants and Ronald Sukenick’s The Death of the Novel and Other Stories. The article considers the ways in which the voice of the literary critic is incorporated into each work in the form of a self-reflexive commentary. Although the ostensible principle of metafiction is to merge fiction and criticism, most of the self-conscious texts under discussion are shown to adopt a predominantly negative attitude towards the critical voices they embody – by making them sound pompous, pretentious or banal. The article concludes with a claim that the five works do not advocate a rejection of academic criticism but rather insist on its reform. Their dissatisfaction with the prescriptivism of most contemporary literary criticism is compared to Susan Sontag’s arguments in her essay “Against Interpretation.”
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Aleksandrova-Osokina, Ol'ga Nikolaevna, and Jian Huang. "Interpretation of P. Komarov’s Creative Work in Literary Criticism of “Dalniy Vostok (Far East)” Magazine (the 1940-1950s)." Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, no. 1 (January 2020): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/filnauki.2020.1.2.
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Vavilov, A. V., and N. S. Sidorenko. "HEGELIANISM UNDER THE NIETZSCHEANISM’S MASK: THE SPECULATIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE FOUCAULT’S “HISTORY OF MADNESS”." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2016-1-83-87.
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The article represents attempt of speculative reading of the first large work of the French philosopher Michel Foucault “Madness history during a classical era". Authors suggest to look at Foucault’s concept from the point of view of criticism of classical rationality. The consciousness is considered through a prism of a perspective of transformation of reason by Hegel.
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Sidorenko, N. S., and A. V. Vavilov. "HEGELIANISM UNDER THE NIETZSCHEANISM’S MASK: THE SPECULATIVE INTERPRETATION OF THE FOUCAULT’S “HISTORY OF MADNESS”." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2016-2-69-73.
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The article represents attempt of speculative reading of the first large work of the French philosopher Michel Foucault “Madness history during a classical era". Authors suggest to look at Foucault’s concept from the point of view of criticism of classical rationality. The consciousness is considered through a prism of a perspective of transformation of reason by Hegel.
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Kehl, Konstantin. "Nach dem Pflegestärkungsgesetz II: Eine alternative Interpretation der Probleme und ein Plädoyer für potenzialorientierte Reformen." Zeitschrift für Sozialreform 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 49–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zsr-2016-0006.
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Abstract The German long-term care insurance has been introduced 20 years ago and recently reformed, but is still subject to criticism. A continued decline of informal care-giving is indicated by a decreasing percentage of people who receive cash benefits for informal care. It renders the political goal of strengthening informal care unachievable, even though it would contribute to the financial sustainability and a more encompassing approach to care. Referring to socio-demographic developments, the author suggests a capability-oriented policy strategy aiming at the mobilization of resources within the social proximity of the affected elderly. Such a strategy would not only contribute to reduce costs, but would also increase quality of life and public legitimacy. As part of such an approach policy instruments will be discussed that aim at activating and facilitating informal care.
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Abd Rahman, Yogi Pratama,. "BIOGRAFI BURHANUDIN MAHIR (1954-2016)." Istoria: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Batanghari 2, no. 1 (May 9, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/istoria.v2i1.21.
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Abstract The puspose of the research to provide an overview of Burhanudin Mahir's Political Biography of 1954-2016. Starting from What is the background of education and socio-culture that affect the life of Burhanudin Mahir, to how the beginning of political career and the role of Burhanudin Mahir in building the area he leads. The method used in this research is a historical research method that systematically consists of four steps: heuristic, Criticism, Interpretation, Historiography.Research results obtained that Burhanudin Mahir was born in Jambi Kecil on 16 June 1954. He is the second of six brothers of the pair of Mahir Isaac and Arba'ah. He was raised in a religious, affluent and disciplined family because at that time his father was a Pasirah in Jambi Kecil village, Burhanudin Mahir could finish his education up to a bachelor degree at that time it was still very rare to find anyone who could get educational bench. He has held various important positions, starting from the position of chairman of the party, to the Chairman of the Batanghari District Legislative Council where he was the initiator of the Muaro Jambi regency, and his greatest momentum became the Regent of Muaro Jambi for two periods during which served as regent has many changes that he did from the field of Infrastructure, Education, Health, and Economics. Keywords: Biography Burhanudin Mahir (1954-2016), Political Career
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Moghaddam, Mostafa Morady. "‘The common good’." International Review of Pragmatics 13, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18773109-01302005.
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Abstract In this study, I attempt to propose a conceptualisation of interactive politeness which is anchored in the investigation of a kind of other-criticism known as ‘eršâd šodan’ or being exposed to verbal guidance, which is an important religious value among Muslims. The concept of ‘eršâd šodan’ has an imperative load that is expected to contribute to negative impoliteness (Culpeper, 2016). However, as the data of this study reveal, threatening individuals’ negative face through other-criticism was not interpreted as impoliteness among the subjects. My analysis through one-on-one interviews indicates that politeness among Persian speakers is more than a dynamic construction between conversational partners, for there are macro orders that influence people’s interpretation of politeness. I conclude that politeness in other-criticism is closely germane to how subjects connected imposition to the establishment of orders. This article intends to show that it is reasonable to expect that the criticism of an individual could be for the individual’s own good but also for the greater (group, community) good, reminiscent of cultural facilities that are provided to fulfil the certain interests of a particular community.
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Bobiec, Andrzej. "What is the use of the research carried out on the permanent plots in the Białowieża National Park?" Forest Research Papers 77, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 296–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/frp-2016-0031.
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Abstract The purpose of the strictly protected area of the Białowieża National Park (BNP) established in early 1900s, was to protect a compact block of the Białowieża forest from any direct human influence and activity. Its founders considered it a ‘laboratory of nature’ In 1936, five rectangular plots with a total area of 15.5 ha (ca. 0.3% of the BNP) were set up for regular monitoring of stand development with regards to the initial state and variability of soil conditions. During the first 76 years of the project, a steady increase in the proportion of hornbeam and lime tree at the expense of shade-intolerant species was observed. This trend has been interpreted by the researchers involved in the monitoring of the permanent BNP plots to constitute a biodiversitythreatening development caused by preservation efforts. Such an interpretation has been widely incorporated in the public debate by political authorities and the forestry sector. In this critical article I challenge the major arguments presented by the key expert in silviculture, Prof. B. Brzeziecki. My criticism is directed at the methodological approach as well as at the data interpretation.
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Hasibuan, Yudi Pratama, Achiriah Achiriah, and Nurhayani Nurhayani. "Komunitas Historical Sumatera Utara dan Perannya dalam Mempromosikan Situs Islam di Sumatera Utara, 2016-2021." Warisan: Journal of History and Cultural Heritage 2, no. 2 (September 25, 2021): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/warisan.v2i2.894.
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This article aims to discuss the History of the Historical Community of North Sumatra and its role in promoting Islamic sites in North Sumatra. The North Sumatra Historical Community was established on January 17, 2016. This community is a community engaged in history, education, tourism and culture. The members of this community are approximately 20 people. The method used in this research is the historical method with four stages, namely; heuristics, criticism or verification, interpretation and historiography. Based on the results of research that the authors get. The efforts made by the Historical Community of North Sumatra in carrying out its role as an institution that promotes Islamic sites in North Sumatra are; holding seminars and discussions, being a tour guide, promoting various historical sites through social media.
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Mota, Lindomar Rocha. "O DESENVOLVIMENTO DO CRITICISMO DE KANT: EVOLUÇÃO E PROBLEMAS NA PASSAGEM DO PÓS AO NEOKANTISMO." Síntese: Revista de Filosofia 43, no. 135 (May 1, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.20911/21769389v43n135p121-142/2016.
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Resumo: Este artigo discute a evolução do pensamento kantiano a partir do conceito de coisa-em-si. A divisão da realidade entre fenômeno e noumeno marca claramente uma preocupação posterior nos discípulos e seguidores deste autor. O modo como os ditos conceitos evoluíram, de maneira diferente é tema principal na reelaboração constitutiva do Criticismo. Dois pontos são ressaltados no debate: a visão dos pós-kantianos e Neokantianos, especialmente Liebmann e Cohen, seguidores tardios que julgaram ser necessária uma adaptação à filosofia kantiana. Em todo caso, é possível perceber a pouca fidelidade de ambos ao pensamento do autor. A filosofia crítica deixa de ser o parâmetro de sua própria interpretação para entrar num projeto puramente evolutivo a respeito da ética, da metafísica e da história.Abstract: This article discusses the evolution of Kantian thought from the notion of the thing-in-itself. The division of reality between phenomenon and noumenon clearly became a concern for Kant’s disciples and followers. The ways these concepts develop is the central theme of the constitutive reworking of Criticism. Two points are emphasized in the debate: the vision of the post-Kantians and that of the neo-Kantians, especially Liebmann and Cohen, later followers who felt it necessary to adapt Kantian philosophy to new challenges. In any case, both tendencies show little fidelity to the author’s thought. Critical philosophy ceases to be the parameter of its own interpretation to enter into a purely evolutionary project about ethics, metaphysics and history.
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Milanowicz, Anna, and Piotr Kałowski. "Zing Zing Bang Bang: How Do You Know What She Really Meant. Gender Bias in Response to Irony: The Role of Who is Speaking to Whom." Psychology of Language and Communication 20, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 219–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plc-2016-0014.
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Abstract Literature points towards the role of context in irony interpretation and the existence of gender differences in language use. We decided to examine the influence of interlocutors’ gender stereotypes on interpreting and reacting to ironic criticism in conversation. To this end, we designed two experiments gathering participants’ responses to the same ironic utterances voiced both by women and by men in control and gender stereotype activation conditions. Results of the first experiment showed that women tended to use irony significantly more often when responding to a man than to another woman. The second, ongoing experiment will additionally examine participants’ response times and total time of utterance in respect to their addressee’s gender. The results are discussed with regard to the social comparison theory (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987) and the linguistic intergroup bias theory (Wigboldus & Douglas, 2007).
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Padliansyah, P., Sutejo K. Widodo, and Endang Susilowati. "Terminal Kalibaru sebagai Solusi Mengatasi Kemacetan Bongkar Muat Peti Kemas di Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok Jakarta, 2011-2016." Indonesian Historical Studies 3, no. 1 (July 7, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ihis.v3i1.5094.
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This study argues that container loading and unloading congestion at Tanjung Priok Port is caused by long dwelling time due to the limited capacity of existing container terminals. Therefore, the Kalibaru Terminal was built to overcome this problem. The research objective is to look at the planning, construction, and operation of the Kalibaru Terminal. This study uses historical methods consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of this study indicate that the construction of the Kalibaru Terminal is a superior project of government and private cooperation so that it must go through an international tender. The development of Kalibaru Terminal aims to increase productivity and accelerate economic growth. The existence of the Kalibaru Terminal also caused the flow of goods to run smoothly and decrease in dwelling time from eight to three days.
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Nikitin, Oleg V. "“We All Need Your Dictionary”: Letters to Sergey Ozhegov of the 1940s–1960s (To the 120th Anniversary of the Birth of the Scholar)." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 18 (2020): 133–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/18/7.
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The publication presents previously unknown letters to Sergey Ozhegov of the late 1940s – early 1960s, which reveal facts of his scientific biography. The aim of this work is to introduce into scientific discourse rare archival documents on the history of Russian linguistics, and also to study linguistic polemics in the USSR in the era of the onslaught of the Marrism of the end of the 1940s. The main methods of studying the material are historical-linguistic, lexicographic, sociolinguistic and linguistic source analysis (search, decoding and commenting on archival texts). In the course of the research of documentary materials, the author has revealed new facts testifying to the change of a vector of scientific views on explanatory lexicography as a whole which, unlike the previous dictionary projects, was not adapted to academic needs, and first of all solved practical problems of explaining the actual lexicon of the 20th century. The article notes that one of the key issues of the dictionary work of that time was the interpretation of Sovietisms, on the one hand, and religious words and expressions, on the other. The archaic vocabulary (“merchant” and church elements) became the object of fierce criticism of Ozhegov’s opponents. Scholars and non-philological readers, polemicizing with Ozhegov, paid special attention to reviews and analysis of semantic, stylistic and cultural-historical realities of dictionary entries. Ozhegov’s respondents also discussed the difficult fate of the dictionary. The published letters contain semi-official reviews from both famous scholars (A.P. Evgenieva, Ya.M. Endzelin, R.R. Gel’gardt, J.V. Loja) and ordinary readers of The Dictionary, they reveal Ozhegov as a person of special gift loving his native language. These letters provide valuable material for the analysis of linguistic homeland studies of the period of struggle between the two ideologies in science. The letters reveal new facts of Ozhegov’s editorial work, discuss the criticism of the publication in the press, note its strengths and weaknesses. The article emphasizes the sociocultural aspect of Ozhegov’s interpretations and the ambiguity of their perception by contemporaries. The Dictionary is included in the context of general linguistic ideas by D.N. Ushakov and L.V. Shcherba. The high pedagogical value of this source is indicated. The published archival materials confirm a unique fact in the scientific practice of the mid-20th century: the emergence of a popular explanatory dictionary reflecting the cultural constants of the time and serving as a reliable tool for self-education. The article is of interest to historiographers of science, lexicologists and lexicographers, linguaculturologists, sociolinguists.
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Kusumastuti, Fenty. "Polysemy in and of the Science Fiction Film Arrival (2016)." Research in Social Sciences and Technology 4, no. 1 (May 20, 2019): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.46303/ressat.04.01.4.
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Polysemy has always become a significant issue in interdisciplinary studies, mainly because particular words or phrases tend to have multiple meanings and the way to decide on the intended meanings involves cultural understanding that may be problematic for different groups of people. This paper divides the main research questions into two inquiries: (1) What is the meaning of the micro-unit polysemy in the science fiction film Arrival (2016)? and (2) What is the interpretation of the macro-level of polysemy in the film? The purpose of this research is to describe the interrelation between the polysemy in the film and the polysemy of the film. It is assumed that revealing the phenomena of polysemy found in the film helps to construct a better comprehension of the objective of the polysemy of the film. This has been done by implementing two stages of procedures in this research: (1) identifying the translation of the most significant polysemous words, phrases, clauses, and sentences found in the film by using meaning patterns and contextual patterns (Schmidt, 2008) and (2) discovering the three potential themes of polysemy of the film that include resistive reading, strategic ambiguity, and hermeneutic depth (Ceccarelli, 1998). The analysis shows that examining the phenomena of cognitive linguistic meanings from the 30 micro-unit polysemy to the rhetorical criticism of the polysemous text opens up multiple interpretive possibilities that may go unnoticed.
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Handayani, Sri Ana. "Geliat Ekonomi Masyarakat Priangan Era Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda 1900—1942." Lembaran Sejarah 13, no. 2 (February 27, 2018): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lembaran-sejarah.33544.
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The aim of this research is to show the economic activity of the Priangan people during the rule of the Netherlands Indies Government between 1900-1940. The research focusses on the economic policies and discussions from the Netherlands Indies Government in reforming “native” economic life and its response by Priangan society. This study uses the historical method with four research stages, namely heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The result of this research shows that state intervention in the local economic life was a failure, evidenced by the number of Priangan people in poverty. In the early twentieth century, sikep (landlord) became major reformers due to a new perspective that valued capital more than land . They succeeded to use their capital to develop micro industries, influencing the economic life of Priangan society. The society was able to creatively adapt to the new policy of economic liberalism. Based on their local wisdoms, the Priangan people created a new form of liberalism supported within their socio-cultural, economic, and political structures. This local liberalism formed the pattern of dynamic economic behaviour and nurtured the entrepreneurial spirit amongst the Priangan society.
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Mari, Lorenzo. "Old and New Names. Afropolitanism, Failed-State Fiction and World Literature." New Global Studies 13, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 102–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2019-0004.
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AbstractSince its establishment more than a decade ago, the cultural and political debate on Afropolitanism has been characterized by several different positions. In particular, the Afropolitan opposition to any kind of essentialism (Eze 2014) has been counterweighed by the necessity of a connection to “knowable African communities, nations and traditions” (Gikandi 2011, 9). This debate has been reproducing a typical oscillation of postcolonial theory and criticism between the celebration of hybridity (Bhabha 1994) and the interpretation of postcolonial texts as “national allegories” (Jameson 1986). At the same time, Afropolitanism appears to be related to a more recent phenomenon, which has been defined as “national failure” in political analysis (Zartman 1995; Rotberg 2004) and “failed-state fiction” in literary criticism (Marx 2008). The latter sheds a different light on Afropolitanism, by showing its advantages and its limits both on a national and transnational level. In view of this, Afropolitan literature – including the paradigmatic works by Helon Habila (2002, 2007, 2010) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2006, 2013) here analyzed – appears to be based on the persistence of “old names,” or categories, in an uneven but fruitful coexistence with the “new” ones (Eze 2016).
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Pulkkinen, Veijo. "Muutokset Aaro Hellaakosken"Vieras"-runon ulkoasussa." AVAIN - Kirjallisuudentutkimuksen aikakauslehti, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30665/av.66034.
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Changes in the Visual Form of Aaro Hellaakoski’s Poem ”Vieras” (”The Stranger”)
The present article shows how genetic criticism (critique génétique) can enrich our understanding and interpretation of visual poetry by examining the manuscript, proofs and published versions of the poem ”Vieras” (” e Stranger”) from the typographically experimental collection Jää- peili (”Ice Mirror”, 1928) by the Finnish poet Aaro Hellaakoski (1893–1952). e collection is regarded as a forerunner of Finnish modernism, and particularly its experimental typography got successors only as late as in the 1960s. Besides omitting punctuation and upper case letters, Hellaakoski experiments with the auditory and visual dimensions of ”Vieras” by dividing metrical stanzas and line units into typographically separate groups. In his later selected poems Valitut runot (”Selected poems”, 1940) and Runot (” e Poems”, 1947), Hellaakoski stripped ”Vieras” from these experimental features. e examination of the manuscripts and proofs of ”Vieras” shows that Hellaakoski’s later revisions actually revert the poem to a form closer to its early, visually more traditional, manuscript versions. e article suggests, that it was probably the integrity of Jääpeili as a modernist collection that motivated Hellaakoski into the experimental typography and ortography of ”Vieras”. ese features became dispensable when the poem was released from the context of the collection.
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Gacheva, Anastasia G. "Overcoming Faust: Maksim Gorky in the Perception of Philosopher, Poet, and Aesthetician Aleksandr Gorsky." Studia Litterarum 6, no. 4 (2021): 314–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2021-6-4-314-343.
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The article examines the attitude of philosopher, poet, and aesthetician Aleksandr Gorsky to the personality and legacy of A.M. Gorky. It outlines the main directions of Gorky’s perception and interpretation by Gorsky. The article argues that Gorsky highlights vitality and projectivity of Gorky’s creative thinking, and considers him a consistent immortalist. The focus is on Gorsky’s unpublished work “Overcoming Faust” (1939–1940), a typical example of philosophical criticism that uses philological methods of analysis. Gorsky examines Faustianism through the prism of the rejection of individualism, which is specific for Gorky’s work. Considering the desire for knowledge and action as the defining feature of the Faustian consciousness, Gorsky notes that this desire is constrained and limited by the fact of human mortality and the recognition of the omnipotence of nature. The fact that Faustianism does not aim at overcoming death and eventually comes to terms with with it, allows Gorsky to see Faustianism as a bourgeois type of consciousness. Instead, Gorky, by standing against petty-bourgeois passivity in his work, raises the question about the means to overcome death. Gorky’s early fairy tale “The Girl and Death” is interpreted by Gorsky in the context of the development of life-affirming consciousness that overcomes death by the power of love and devotion to the common cause.
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Willems, Harco. "From Thebes to Piramesse — and Back: On the Text History of Supplementary Chapter 166 of the Book of the Dead." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 106, no. 1-2 (June 2020): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0307513320974696.
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The colophon of BD supplementary chapter 166 states that the text had been found at the neck of Ramses II’s mummy. Dahms, Pehal, and Willems had argued in JEA 100 (2014) that the original document had not formed part of the original tomb equipment of Ramses II, but had been added in the course of the Twenty-First Dynasty after the tomb robberies in the Valley of the Kings. In 2016, J. Quack raised fundamental criticism against this interpretation, arguing that the text dates to the early Ramesside Period and had probably been applied in Piramesse to the mummy of Ramses II. The present article offers a critical reassessment of Quack’s paper. The linguistic register of funerary texts, the development of the negative aorist, and contextual indications strengthen the idea that the text was written in Thebes in the Twenty-First Dynasty in the social context of the Amun priesthood.
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Anggarini, Vini, Farida Farida, and Alian Alian. "Dinamika Pasar Sekanak di Kota Palembang 2010-2016." Jurnal Pattingalloang 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pattingalloang.v7i1.12512.
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Penelitian ini didasari oleh keinginan penulis untuk mengetahui tentang sejarah berdirinya Pasar Sekanak di Palembang yang pernah menjadi salah satu pusat perdagangan di Palembang serta melihat bagaimana keadaan Pasar Sekanak saat ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode historis dengan langkah-langkah dari heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi serta menggunakan beberapa pendekatan ilmu seperti geografi, ekonomi, dan sosiologi. Adapun permasalahan yang diangkat adalah bagaimana dinamika Pasar Sekanak dari tahun 2010-2016 serta melihat apa saja faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dinamika dari Pasar Sekanak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan dan menjelaskan kondisi dari pasar sekanak saat ini serta faktor internal dan eksternal yang memperngaruhinya. Pasar Sekanak merupakan salah satu pasar tertua di Palembang yang perlu diamati. Guna melestarikan pasar ini perlu dilakukan perbaikan dan perubahan agar mampu bersaing dengan pasar lainnya untuk itu diperlukan kerjasama dukungan dari semua pihak terutama pemerintah, pengelola pasar dan pedagang selaku pemeran dalam aktivitas ekonomi di pasar. Kata Kunci: Dinamika, Pasar Sekanak, PalembangAbsractThis research is based on the desire of the author to find out about the history of the establishment of the Sekanak Market in Palembang which was once one of the trading centers in Palembang and see how the current situation of the Sekanak Market. The method used is the historical method with steps from heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography and uses several scientific approaches such as geography, economics, and sociology. The problem raised is how the dynamics of the Sekanak Market from 2010-2016 and see what factors influence the dynamics of the Sekanak Market. The purpose of this study is to disclose and explain the conditions of the current market and the internal and external factors that affect it. Pasar Sekanak is one of the oldest markets in Palembang that needs to be observed. In order to preserve this market, repairs and changes need to be made in order to be able to compete with other markets, therefore cooperation from all parties is needed, especially the government, market managers and traders as actors in economic activities in the market.Key words: Dynamic, Sekanak Market, Palembang
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Zain, Zhiyah Zhulma, Kurniawati Kurniawati, and Abrar Abrar. "Dinamika Lembaga Perlindungan Anak di Indonesia (1997-2016)." Criksetra: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 10, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jc.v10i2.13506.
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Abstrak: Lembaga perlindungan anak merupakan ‘rumah’ terhadap setiap permasalahan anak yang seyogyanya dilindungi oleh negara. Secara konstitusi, penguatan mengenai perlindungan anak berdasarkan Undang-Undang tentang Perlindungan Anak tahun 2002. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana proses awal dan dinamika yang dihadapi oleh lembaga perlindungan anak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguraikan kelahiran dan dinamika lembaga perlindungan anak di Indonesia (1997-2016). Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode historis yang terdiri dari heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tahun 1997 dianggap sebagai tonggak lahirnya lembaga perlindungan anak di Indonesia yaitu dengan dibentuknya GNPA oleh Soeharto. Untuk memenuhi legalitas hukum, maka dibentuklah LPA melalui Departemen Sosial. Lembaga ini berubah nama menjadi Komnas PA pada tahun 1999. Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak tahun 2002, dibentuk KPAI. Perubahan nama pada lembaga perlindungan anak di Indonesia sejak tahun 1997-2002 merupakan salah satu upaya untuk melegalkan lembaga perlindungan anak. Berbagai permasalahan mengenai anak menjadi salah satu dinamika yang mewarnai lembaga perlindungan anak di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Komnas PA, KPAI, LPAI, Perlindungan Anak.Abstract: Child protection institutions are the 'home' for every child's problems that should be protected by the state. Constitutionally, the strengthening of child protection is based on the Act on Child Protection in 2002. The problem in this research is how the initial process and dynamics faced by child protection institutions in Indonesia. This study aims to describe the birth and dynamics of child protection institutions in Indonesia (1997-2016). The method used is the historical method consisting of heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study indicate that 1997 is considered a milestone for the birth of child protection institutions in Indonesia, namely the establishment of GNPA by Suharto. To fulfill legal legality, LPA was formed through the Ministry of Social Affairs. This institution changed its name to Komnas PA in 1999. Based on the 2002 Child Protection Act, the KPAI was formed. The name change of child protection institutions in Indonesia since 1997-2002 is one of the efforts to legalize child protection institutions. Various problems regarding children are one of the dynamics that characterize child protection institutions in Indonesia.Keywords: Komnas PA, KPAI, LPAI, Childs Protectio.
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Xia, Dengshan, and Chun Lan. "(Im)politeness at a Chinese dinner table: A discursive approach to (im)politeness in multi-party communication." Journal of Politeness Research 15, no. 2 (July 26, 2019): 223–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pr-2016-0056.
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Abstract This article presents a detailed analysis of (im)politeness in a naturally occurring multi-party conversation and in doing so challenges the theoretical premise of dyadic communication in traditional politeness research. Informed by the classical theories of Leech (1983) and Brown and Levinson (1987), traditional politeness research has largely been framed in the dyadic model of communication, without taking into full consideration the influence of other participants. Following a number of discursive theorists, we propose that (im)polite utterances are not always addressed exclusively at one hearer or one party of hearers. More often than not, the other parties present exert considerable influence on the design and interpretation of (im)polite utterances as well. Our analyses of three extracts of a multi-party conversation from a Chinese dinner table demonstrate that in a triad involving a relational coalition of two participants, the (im)politeness in some speech acts can be extended or transformed in specific contexts. In particular, a compliment directed at one member of the coalition tends to be polite at the same time to the other member; and a criticism between the coalition members may be polite to the third party under some circumstances. It is argued that the extension and transformation of (im)politeness in a multi-party context are culturally motivated and conditioned by the interpersonal relationships among the different parties. The study points to the need for further research on (im)politeness in a multi-party context.
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Mahyudin, Arista, and Syahrun, Suharni Sudin. "PERKEMBANGAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT BUGIS DI KELURAHAN MOLAWE KECAMATAN MOLAWE KABUPATEN KONAWE UTARA: 1964-2016." Journal Idea of History 2, no. 2 (December 27, 2019): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/history.v2i2.865.
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This study discussed the migration of Bugis Community at Molawe Village. The migration was caused by political turmoil in its native region, Bone. After arriving in Molawe, the Bugis community struggled to survive and survive through several phases. The problems examined in this study were: (1) what were the characterictics of the Bugis community in the economy of Molawe Village, (2) what factors which support the development of the economic life of the Bugis community in Molawe Village. The method used in this study was the historical method with the following stages: 1) Topic selection, 2) Collection of sources), 3) Source criticism (external and internal), 4) Interpretation of sources (analysis and synthesis), 5) Historiography. The results showed that: 1) the characteristics of Bugis community in the economy at the Molawe Village were divided into two periods, namely 1964-1990 and 1990-2016.In those two periods there were significant differences in the economy of the Bugis community at Molawe, where in the period of 1964-1990 the Bugis lived with simple knowledge and skills so that their production was limited to their daily need. While the 1990-2016 period, the Bugis community had begun to use modern infrastucture in fishing and farming so that their economic income increases. 2) the economic life of the Bugis community at Molawe Village was supported by various factors such as geographic location and condition, the availability of human resources, the potential of natural resources, and the development of science and technology.
Keyword: Bugis Community, Development, Economic Factors
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Bukhari, Bukhari, Madhan Anis, and Ramazan Ramazan. "Tracing and Mapping of Cultural Reserves as a Source of Information for Historical Tourism in Langsa City." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 1070–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i1.1714.
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Cultural heritage objects are evidence of historical heritage that is very useful in life, cultural heritage is also useful as a means of education as well as a historical tourism destination for the community. The purpose of this research is to find out historical heritage buildings in Langsa City, then to map the historical heritage buildings to be used as sources of information.The method in this study uses a historical method with stages namely the heuristic stage, the source criticism stage, the interpretation stage and the historiography stage. The result of the research is that there are five historical heritage buildings in Langsa City that have been designated as a Cultural Heritage with the Letter of the Mayor of Langsa in 2016. Then the mapping is carried out on the historical heritage which has been used as a source of information that is very helpful for local, regional, national and foreign tourists who visit Langsa City.
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Albar, Alfin Ganendra. "Pelestarian Batik Melalui Kub Lestari Desa Kalidawir Tahun 2016-2020." El Tarikh : Journal of History, Culture and Islamic Civilization 2, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 118–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/jhcc.v2i2.8816.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sejarah Desa Kalidawir yang berkaitan dengan potensi budaya yaitu batik. Permasalahan yang dikaji yaitu berkaitan mengenai peran perempuan terhadap pelestarian batik di Desa Kalidawir serta dampaknya pada bidang ekonomi dan sosial budaya. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengkaji permasalahannya maka penulis menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang terdiri atas heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Batik saat ini dapat ditemukan di berbagai daerah, tak terkecuali Desa Kalidawir, Kecamatan Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo. Perkumpulan ibu-ibu PKK membentuk KUB Lestari yang bertujuan untuk membuat sekaligus melestarikan batik dengan ciri khas Desa Kalidawir. Potensi budaya ini diawali pada tahun 2016 dengan mengikuti pelatihan dan diresmikan pada tanggal 10 Oktober 2018, seiring berkembangnya mampu membawa nama Desa Kalidawir dengan mendatangkan pelanggan dari beberapa daerah. Batik yang terkenal dalam KUB Lestari Kalidawir ini ialah batik jumput dan serut yang dijadikan menjadi satu dengan motif zigzag. Keberhasilan dalam melestarikan budaya batik dapat dirasakan oleh masyarakat secara nyata dengan membangun interaksi sosial antara pekerja, menambah pemasukan ekonomi, dan desa memiliki produk unggulan. Dalam hal tersebut diperlukan peran perempuan yang dituntut untuk kreatif dan inovatif.The aims of the research is to the history of Kalidawir village that’s related to the potential of culture, Batik. The issue studied is associated with women’s role to the preservation of batik in Kalidawir Village and its impact on the economic and sosio-cultural fields. Therefore, to examine the problem author uses historical research methods that consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Batik can now be found in various regions, including Kalidawir Village, Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo. (The associaton of PKK mothers) created group named KUB Lestari which aims to make and preserve batik with the characteristic of Kalidawir Village. This cultural potential began in 2016 by attending training and inaugurated on October 10, 2018, along with its development, batik was able to bring the name of Kalidawir Village by bringing customers from several regions. The popular batik in KUB Lestari Kalidawir is batik jumput and serut that is modified into one with zigzag motif. Success in preserving batik culture can be felt by the community in real terms by building social interaction between workers, increasing economic income, and the village has superior products. In that case, the role of women is required to be creative and innovative
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Suliyati, Titiek, Dewi Yuliati, Slamet Subekti, and Tri Handayani. "The Dynamics of the Community of Kampung Batik Semarang in Overcoming Slumness." E3S Web of Conferences 125 (2019): 09006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912509006.
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At the beginning of its growth, Kampung Batik developed rapidly as a center of batik production and as a residence for residents of Semarang and its surroundings. Kampung Batik then became a very crowded, slum village and became a hotbed of crime). The Kampung Batik in 2016 was designated as a Thematic Village by the Mayor of Semarang. This has aroused public awareness to improve the village, both physically and socially. Changes in Kampung Batik from slum villages to clean and beautiful villages deserve to be studied because of the large role of the community in managing the village environment. The problem examined in this article is how community management in Kampung Batik is carried out so that it can transform slums into beautiful villages. Because the study of this article discusses the process of change and development of Kampung Batik, the method used is the historical method, the stages of which are heuristics (source collection), criticism, interpretation, and writing facts). The conclusion is that the Semarang City Government program to create a Thematic Village has a positive value. Kampung Batik, which has been arranged, has become one of the tourist destinations in Semarang.
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Charpentier, Marie, and Peter Kappeler. "A reply to “Ranging Behavior Drives Parasite Richness: A More Parsimonious Hypothesis”." Rethinking Ecology 3 (September 27, 2018): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/rethinkingecology.3.29573.
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This preprint has been reviewed and recommended by Peer Community In Ecology (https://dx.doi.org/10.24072/pci.ecology.100001). In a recent article, Bicca-Marques and Calegaro-Marques [Bicca-Marques JC, Calegaro-Marques C (2016) Ranging behavior drives parasite richness: A more parsimonious hypothesis. American Journal of Primatology 78: 923–927.] discussed the putative assumptions related to an interpretation we provided regarding an observed positive relationship between weekly averaged parasite richness of a group of mandrills (Mandrillussphinx) and their daily path lengths (DPL), published earlier in the same journal [Brockmeyer T, Kappeler PM, Willaume E, Benoit L, Mboumba S, Charpentier MJE (2015) Social organization and space use of a wild mandrill (Mandrillussphinx) group. American Journal of Primatology 77: 1036–1048.]. In our article, we proposed, inter alia, that “the daily travels of mandrills could be seen as a way to escape contaminated habitats on a local scale”. In their article, Bicca-Marques and Calegaro-Marques proposed an alternative mechanism that they considered to be more parsimonious. In their view, increased DPL also increases exposure to novel parasites from the environment. In other words, while we proposed that elevated DPL may be a consequence of elevated parasite richness, they viewed it as a cause. We are happy to see that our study attracted so much interest that it evoked a public comment. We are also grateful to Bicca-Marques and Calegaro-Marques for pointing out an obvious alternative scenario that we failed to discuss and for laying out several key factors and assumptions that should be addressed by future studies examining the links between parasite risk and group ranging. We use this opportunity to advance this discourse by responding to some of the criticisms raised in their discussion of our article. In this reply, we briefly contextualize the main object of criticism. We then discuss the putative parsimony of the two competing scenarios.
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Alamsyah, Akbar Nur, and Moefllich Hasbullah. "Pola Pengajian Kultural Ma’iyah Jamparing Asih di Bandung 2015-2018." Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah 4, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 201–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/hm.v4i1.9191.
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The Islamization in Indonesia since the 7th century has also involved the transformation of Islamic religious knowledge, also called pengajian (Islamic learning). The study in its development is divided into two types; First, non-formal Quranic recitation such as Quranic recitation at home, langgar and mosque. Secondly, formal Islamic learning is institutionalized like in a pesantren. Islamic boarding schools continue the tradition of formal learning while non-formal recitation has developed since the beginning of Islamization in the 7th century and has still lived in various forms. Non-formal learning because of its egalitarian and flexible nature so that there are no specific ties which are more attractive to many people to attend the recitation. This study aims to determine how the history, methods and study patterns used by Maiyah Jamparing Asih. The method used in this study is the historical research method in four stages such as heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study show that the Islamic learning of Maiyah Jamparing Asih was established in November 2015 by four people namely Wawan, Mufti, Andityas and Nissa which were approved by Cak Nun and Sheikh Kamba at his home in Jakarta. The learning pattern or method used by Maiyah Jamparing Asih in 2015 and 2016 almost entirely uses the general learning pattern, then in 2017 used the way of interpreting pattern of the Quran and in 2018 used the general learning pattern, and the recitation method used in 2015 and 2016 uses the lecture method, then in 2017 and 2018 it used the mudzakarah method.
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Rhazzali, Mohammed Khalid, and Valentina Schiavinato. "Reflections on prevention of violent radicalization processes in the school context: An intercultural and critical approach." EDUCATIONAL REFLECTIVE PRACTICES, no. 1 (October 2021): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/erp1-special-2021oa12484.
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The article discusses the issue of the prevention of violent radicalization processes (Khosrokhavar, 2014) in schools, in the Italian context, focusing on their jihadist-type declination, and it intends to propose an interpretation based on the intercultural approach (Schiavinato & Mantovani 2005; Mantovani, 2008; Schiavinato 2015) to the difference management in public contexts (Rhazzali, 2016). This perspective allows us to move the scientific debate away from the predominantly securitarian and emergency perspective, widely adopted by public policies, that removes from the political agenda the issue of an effective and fair management of cultural and religious plurality in the society and in the public space, by adopting an approach which is defined in the literature as "policed multiculturalism" (Ragazzi, 2015). Moreover, the securitarian discourse is a leading argument of some political parties and, encouraged by the mass media, is still dominant in common sense discourses. The intercultural perspective, on the other hand, proposes a more complex interpretation that includes not only the issue of immigration, but also allows to question the changes affecting society and everyone lives, in relation to the interconnections and exchanges that characterise the current era. It therefore considers personal and individual experience within a web of relationships co-constructed in everyday interactions, that are in turn situated in a wider social and cultural framework, which gives sense and influences them and, at the same time, is signified and influenced by them. The intercultural approach, in this respect, does not renounce taking a position of criticism and questioning of exclusion or inferiorisation dynamics, that operate both on interpersonal level and in everyday relationships, and on the broader level of the social processes that frame them.
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Mpho Paulus Bapela and Phillip Lesetja Monyamane. "The “Revolving Door” of the Customary Marriages’ Validity Requirement in Action ‒ Mbungela v Mkabi [2019] ZASCA 134." Obiter 42, no. 1 (May 2, 2021): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v42i1.11066.
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On the face of it, section 3 of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 (RCMA) does not look ominous. Notwithstanding the plain language of the above provision, there is abundant case law and academic articles dealing with the interpretation and/or application of section 3(1)(b) in particular. A decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) in Mbungela v Mkabi ((820/2018) [2019] ZASCA 134) adds to what is fast becoming a jurisprudence of the salient issues relating to the understanding of paragraph (b) of subsection (1). The issue of the scope of this paragraph has become more relevant in the inquiry into the transfer and/or integration of the bride into the groom’s family pursuant to the conclusion of a lobolo agreement. In his latest academic offering, Manthwa introduces this ongoing Achilles heel of customary marriages by referencing a number of cases and academic opinions; the references serve to justify the relevance of his work in the presence of so much jurisprudence on the topic. It is prudent to highlight also that Bakker provided an insightful criticism of the court a quo in Mkabe v Minister of Home Affairs ((2014/84704) [2016] ZAGPPHC 460). On the whole, it is argued here that the judgment of the SCA is incorrect in a few material respects and that the criticism by Bakker of the court a quo is legally sound and contributes meaningfully to the jurisprudence in this area.As this case note demonstrates, the SCA not only incorrectly interprets and applies the law, but the judgment also unjustifiably departs from precedents relating to the transfer and/or integration of the bride. In effect therefore, it is submitted, the SCA establishes a changeable attitude relating to the transfer and/or integration of the bride. This attitude is symptomatic of an apparent constitutional interpretation that desires a specific outcome almost at any cost. As such, this case note is relevant as it captures the latest instalment of the changing attitude towards the precepts of the transfer and/or integration of the bride. Thus, there is as much a need for continuous monitoring of this revolving door of interpretation and/or application as there is for cases dealing with this aspect. The matter is therefore considered as unsettled and merits ongoing academic discourse.This issue of unsettled law finds resonance in the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court in Bhe v Magistrate, Khayelitsha ([2004] ZACC 17 par 112).In light of the foregoing, the casuistic and often contradictory jurisdiction on the issue of transfer and/or integration of the bride is considered in the context of the constitutional injunction in terms of section 39(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution) and the facts of the case in Mbungela v Mkabi (supra).
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Siti Heidi Karmela, Isnawati,. "INDUSTRI KUE TRADISIONAL KHAS MELAYU DI KAWASAN SEBERANG KOTA JAMBI 1984 – 2016." Istoria: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Batanghari 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/istoria.v3i2.61.
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AbstractThis research is a historical research with the theme of economic history with the main problem is the development of the traditional Malay cake industry that is traditionally inhabited by Jambi residents in the Seberang Region of Jambi City from 1984 to 2016. The purpose of this thesis is to explain the emergence and development of the traditional cake industry in Seberang area of Jambi City which eventually became the center of traditional Malay cake production. Another goal is to describe the contribution, role, and influence of the traditional pastry culinary industry on the economic life of the population and other local economic sectors in the Seberang Region of Jambi City. Some theories used are Schumpeter's theory of the role of entrepreneurs who are also innovators in creating economic growth. For the research method is the historical method, through several stages, namely heuristics (the personal archive of cake makers, interviews, and other written sources), criticism, interpretation and writing. The findings in the field show that the business of making traditional cakes in the Seberang area of Jambi City has been developing from time to time although it is still on a home industry scale, this is indicated by the continued increase in the number of traditional cake makers in Danau Teluk and Pelayangan Districts, as well as the expanding marketing area. traditional cake products to the regional level. In addition it is known that this type of traditional pastry business is in the form of a private business and there is also a joint / group business.Keywords: Home Industry, Traditional Cakes, Across the City of Jambi AbstrakPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian sejarah yang bertemakan sejarah ekonomi dengan permasalahan pokoknya adalah perkembangan industri kue tradisional khas Melayu Jambi yang ditekuni penduduk di Kawasan Seberang Kota Jambi sejak tahun 1984 hingga tahun 2016. Adapun Tujuan dari penulisan skripsi ini untuk menjelaskan kemunculan dan perkembangan industri kue tradisional di Kawasan Seberang Kota Jambi yang pada akhirnya menjadi sentra produksi kue tradisional khas Melayu Jambi. Tujuan lainnya yaitu menggambarkan kontribusi, peranan, dan pengaruh industri kuliner kue tradisional terhadap kehidupan ekonomi penduduk dan sektor ekonomi lokal lainnya di Kawasan Seberang Kota Jambi. Beberapa teori yang digunakan adalah teori Schumpeter tentang peranan pengusaha yang juga menjadi innovator di dalam menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Untuk metode penelitiannya adalah metode sejarah, melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu heuristik (arsip pribadi pembuat kue, wawancara, dan sumber tertulis lainnya), kritik, interpretasi dan penulisan. Hasil temuan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa usaha pembuatan kue tradisional di Kawasan Seberang Kota Jambi mengalami perkembangan dari waktu ke waktu meskipun masih berskala industri rumah tangga, hal ini ditandai dengan terus bertambahnya jumlah pembuat kue tradisional di Kecamatan Danau Teluk dan Pelayangan, serta makin luasnya daerah pemasarann produk kue tradisional hingga ke tingkat regional. Selain itu diketahui bahwa jenis usaha kue tradisional ini ada yang berbentuk usaha pribadi dan ada juga yang berbentuk usaha bersama/kelompok.Kata Kunci: Industri Rumah Tangga, Kue Tradisional, Seberang Kota Jambi
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Janse, Maartje, and Anne-Lot Hoek. "Dissenting Voices: Challenging the Colonial System." Bridging Humanities 2, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25425099-00102001.
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This publication emerges from a process of co-creation in which historian Maartje Janse and research journalist Anne-Lot Hoek challenge the dominant national narrative about the colonial experience in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia). In combining journalistic and academic writing with musical performance by musician Ernst Jansz they amplify the critical voices that have spoken out against colonial injustice and that have long been ignored in public and academic debate. Even though it is often suggested that the mindset of people in the past prevented them from seeing what was wrong with things we now find highly problematic, they argue that there was indeed a tradition of colonial criticism in the Netherlands, one that included the voices of many ‘forgotten critics’ whose lives and criticism are the subject of this publication. The voices however were for a long time overlooked by Dutch historians. The publication is organized around the biographies of several critics (whose lives Janse and Hoek have published on before), the historical debate afterwards and includes reflective videos and texts on the process of co-creation.Maartje Janse started the process by tracing the life history of an outspoken nineteenth-century critic of the colonial system in the Dutch East Indies, Willem Bosch. The authors argue that it was not self-evident how criticism of colonial injustices should be voiced and that Bosch experimented with different methods, including organizing one of the first Dutch pressure groups.The story of Willem Bosch inspired Ernst Jansz, a Dutch musician with Indo roots, to compose a song (‘De ballade van Sarina en Kromo’). It is an interpretation of an old Malaysian ‘krontjong’ song, that Jansz transformed into a protest song that reminds its listeners of protest songs of the 1960s and 1970s. Jansz, in his lyrics, adds an indigenous perspective to this project. He performed the song during the Voice4Thought festival in 2016, a gathering that aimed to reflect upon migration and mobility in current times. Filmmaker Sjoerd Sijsma made a video ‘pamplet’ in which the performance of Ernst Jansz, an interview with Maartje Janse, and historical images from the colonial period have been combined.Anne-Lot Hoek connected Willem Bosch to a series of twentieth-century anti-colonial critics such as Dutch Indies civil servant Siebe Lijftogt, Indonesian nationalists Sutan Sjahrir, Rachmad Koesoemobroto, Dutch writer Rudy Kousbroek and Indonesian activist Jeffry Pondaag. She argues that dissenting voices have been underrepresented in the post-war debates on colonialism and its legacy for decades, and that one of the main reasons is that the notion of the objective historian was not effectively problematized for a long time.http://dissentingvoices.bridginghumanities.com/
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Ishak, Wahyudi, Ahmadin Ahmadin, and Najamuddin Najamuddin. "Pesona Objek Wisata Sejarah di Kabupaten Sinjai." PUSAKA (Journal of Tourism, Hospitality, Travel and Business Event) 2, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 98–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33649/pusaka.v2i2.54.
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This study aims to determine the potential of historical attractions in Sinjai Regency, the development of historical tourism in Sinjai Regency 2008-2016, and the impact of historical tourism on the communities around the site, the government and tourists. The method used in the research and writing of this thesis is a historical research method, which includes: heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The techniques used in data collection are observation, interview and literature study techniques. The results of this study indicate that Sinjai as a Level II Region in South Sulawesi has tourism potential that is not inferior to other regions. The Batupake Gojeng Archaeological Park, the Karampuang Indigenous Area, and the Balangnipa Fort are one of the historical tourist destinations offered by Sinjai Regency. Although the Tourism and Culture Office of Sinjai Regency was only established in 2017, activities in the tourism sector will continue to be carried out in previous years. The three historical attractions have their respective developments both in terms of facilities and infrastructure to the number of visitors. The contribution of each element in the development of the historical tourism sector in Sinjai Regency is something that needs to be improved. Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the historical attractions in Sinjai Regency have an impact on the socio-cultural, educational and economic sectors for the local government and the people who live around the site.
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Lopez Armengol, Federico G., and Gustavo E. Romero. "Interpretation Misunderstandings about Elementary Quantum Mechanics." Metatheoria – Revista de Filosofía e Historia de la Ciencia 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2017): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.48160/18532330me7.154.
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Quantum Mechanics is a fundamental physical theory about atomic-scale processes. It was built between 1920 and 1940 by the most distinguished physicists of that time. The accordance between the predictions of the theory and experimental results is remarkable. The physical interpretation of its mathematical constructs, however, raised unprecedented controversies. Ontological, semantic, and epistemic vagueness abound in the orthodox interpretations and have resulted in serious misunderstandings that are often repeated in textbooks and elsewhere. In this work, we identify, criticize, and clarify the most spread ones.
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Абдоков, Ю. Б. "Eduard Serov as Interpreter of Boris Tchaikovsky’s First Symphony: On the Problem of Style Authenticity." OPERA MUSICOLOGICA, no. 4 (November 15, 2020): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26156/om.2020.12.4.002.
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В статье впервые в отечественном искусствознании рассматривается феномен творческого взаимодействия одного из крупнейших оркестровых композиторов ХХ столетия Бориса Александровича Чайковского (1925–1996) и выдающегося российского дирижера, профессора Санкт-Петербургской консерватории Эдуарда Афанасьевича Серова (1937–2016). Основным предметом анализа является интерпретация, запечатленная в премьерной студийной записи Первой симфонии Б. Чайковского, осуществленной Серовым в июне 2006 года. Масштабный оркестровый опус, сочиненный Б. Чайковским, когда он был студентом в консерваторском классе Д. Д. Шостаковича, никогда прежде не исследовался в российском музыкознании. Тембровая поэтика и архитектоника самой ранней циклической партитуры Б. Чайковского осмыслены в контексте изучения авторского оркестрового стиля и его слагаемых, включая те, которые обозначены самим композитором («тембровая оптика», «перспективные планы», «атмосферная среда» и т. д.). Принципиально важным в оценке дирижерской трактовки Серова является анализ стилевой адекватности, проявляющейся в исполнительской расшифровке того, что Б. Чайковский, анализируя музыку других авторов, называл «темброво-поэтическим кодом» оркестровой партитуры. В статье впервые публикуется уникальный эпистолярный документ — послание Шостаковича своему ученику (после показа симфонии на композиторской кафедре Московской консерватории); также приводятся суждения самого Б. Чайковского, в которых он оценивает профессиональные качества Серова-дирижера и делится личными представлениями о стилевом аутентизме в дирижерском и шире — исполнительском искусстве. The article represents the first attempt in the Russian art criticism to deal with the phenomenon of creative interaction between one of the greatest orchestral composers of the twentieth century — Boris A. Tchaikovsky (1925–1996) and an outstanding Russian conductor — professor of Saint Petersburg Conservatoire Eduard A. Serov (1937–2016). The main subject of the analysis is the interpretation of B. Tchaikovsky’s First Symphony performed by Serov in June 2006, provided in the premiere studio record. This large-scale orchestral opus composed by B. Tchaikovsky while being a student in the Conservatory class of Dmitri D. Shostakovich has never been studied in Russian musicology before. Timbre poetics and architectonics of the earliest cyclic score by B. Tchaikovsky are conceptualized in the context of the author’s orchestral style and its components, including those designated by the composer himself (“timbre optics”, “perspective plans”, “atmospheric environment”, etc.). The analysis of stylistic adequacy, which B. Tchaikovsky called the “timbral-poetic code”, is fundamentally important in the conductor’s interpretation of the score by Serov. B. Tchaikovsky himself used this term while analyzing the music of other authors. This article is the first to publish a unique epistolary document — Shostakovich’s letter to his pupil (written after the performance of the Symphony at the Moscow Conservatory’s composition department), as well as the previously unpublished judgements of B. Tchaikovsky himself concerning Serov’s professional qualities as a conductor, and style authenticity in conducting and — more widely — in the performance practice.
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Janan, Sarah Nafisatul, Yat Rospia Brata, and Agus Budiman. "DAMPAK PERKEMBANGAN KESENIAN “MABOKUY” TERHADAP PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DESA PURWARAJA KECAMATAN RAJADESA KABUPATEN CIAMIS TAHUN 2015-2020." J-KIP (Jurnal Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan) 3, no. 1 (February 26, 2022): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/j-kip.v3i1.6007.
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ABSTRACTMabokuy art is a helaran art in the Ciamis Regency area. The purpose of this study was to determine how early the development of Mabokuy art and how the influence of Mabokuy art on the economy. The method used is the historical or historical method (heuristics, criticism, interpretation, historiography). Data collection techniques used are observation techniques, interview techniques, documentation techniques. The results showed that Mabokuy art is one of the traditional cultural arts that was revived through an activity of the Purwaraja Village community in pursuing garabadan weaving or household utensils. Eman Hermansyah glanced at the community's expertise so that it gave the idea to create new innovations that produced a giant robot with the concept of helaran art accompanied by traditional musical instruments. The development of Mabokuy art in 2015 began with performances in the local area in a thanksgiving event. Starting from the performance, Mabokuy art in 2016-2017 continued to appear at various events, even at the 2018 Ciamis Regency Galuh Ethnic Carnival and the anniversary of other districts. In the Mabokuy art form, changes occur from the beginning until now. The influence of Mabokuy art on the economy of the people of Purwaraja Village is an increase in people's income, for example income from IDR 2,560,000 to IDR 5,600,000 per month. Another source of community income is Mabokuy coffee.Keywords: Keywords: development, Mabokuy arts, economy ABSTRAKKesenian Mabokuy merupakan sebuah seni helaran di wilayah Kabupaten Ciamis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana awal perkembangan kesenian Mabokuy dan bagaimana pengaruh kesenian Mabokuy terhadap perekonomian. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode sejarah atau historis (heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, historiografi). Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu teknik observasi, teknik wawancara, teknik dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesenian Mabokuy merupakan salah satu seni budaya tradisional yang dibangkitkan kembali melalui sebuah kegiatan masyarakat Desa Purwaraja dalam menekuni anyaman garabadan atau peralatan rumah tangga. Keahlian masyarakat dilirik oleh Eman Hermansyah sehingga memberikan ide untuk membuat inovasi baru yang menghasilkan sebuah robot raksasa dengan konsep seni helarandiiringi alat musik tradisional. Perkembangan kesenian Mabokuy pada tahun 2015 diawali dengan pementasan di wilayah setempat dalam acara syukuran. Berawal dari pementasan tersebut, kesenian Mabokuy pada tahun 2016-2017 terus menerus tampil di berbagai acara bahkan dalam acara Galuh Ethnic Carnival Kabupaten Ciamis 2018 dan HUT kabupaten-kabupaten lainnya. Dalam bentuk kesenian Mabokuy terjadi perubahan dari awal tercipta sampai dengan sekarang. Adapun pengaruh kesenian Mabokuy terhadap perekonomian masyarakat Desa Purwaraja adalah terjadinya peningkatan penghasilan masyarakat, misalnya penghasilan Rp 2.560.000 menjadi Rp 5.600.000 per bulan. Sumber penghasilan masyarakat yang lain adalah kopi Mabokuy. Kata kunci : perkembangan, kesenian Mabokuy, perekonomian
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Sushyi, Olena Vladimirovna. "SOCIAL ARCHETYPIC IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PROBLEM FIELD: CONTEMPORARY STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMEN." UKRAINIAN ASSEMBLY OF DOCTORS OF SCIENCES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1, no. 14 (June 16, 2018): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/vadnd.v1i14.123.
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This article surveys the development process of social archetypes as a new direction for interdisciplinary research in the public administration problem field, that implemented in the framework of scholarly sessions of Ukrainian School of Archetypes (USArch), namely: International Theoretical and Methodological Seminars and International Competitions for Young Scholars “Archetypes and Public Administration” (2010–2018), International Lectures Cycle “Patterns and Characteristics of Ukrainian Social Transformation” (2016), Internet discussions and skype conferences. Program sessions themes of the listed scholary forms are summarized as well as prospects for further movement of USArch and development of social archetypes as a new direction for interdisciplinary research are defined.Attention is drawn to the fact that the post-soviet scholarly community doesn’t have a sufficiently developed opinion on social archetypes as an interdisciplinary field of research and its methodological foundations. The basis for criticism is an ambiguous attitude both to the teachings of K. Jung about the archetypes of the collective unconscious, and to the psychoanalytic trend as a whole. It is suggested that reducing the degree of critical attitude to social archetypes as an interdisciplinary field of research in the subject field of public administration depends on a number of conditions. Firstly, using the common formulation and interpretation of the ideas that influenced its formation and development. Secondly, from an adequate understanding of both the possibilities of social archetypes which are determined by its original methods of explanation and methods of analysis of subtle social phenomena which can serve as a key point for further theoretical and empirical research, and the theoretical and practical limitations of the archetypal approach. That is why social archetypes is positioned as an interdisciplinary research area. I argued that the social archetypes is not a universal scholarly apparatus and not an orthodox inheritance of the ideas of Jungianism. Finally, it is a methods that allows us to establish patterns and features of modern social development, the practical application of which expands the possibilities of public-management’s activity. At the same time, it is a metaphor through which the researcher is invited to plunge into the wider psychosocial and sociocultural context of social phenomenas and processes.
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Brody, Samuel Hayim. "Jewish Economic Ethics in the Neoliberal Era, 1980–2016." Journal of Jewish Ethics 7, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2021): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jjewiethi.7.1-2.0039.
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ABSTRACT This essay surveys the emergence, over the last four decades, of a distinct genre of Jewish ethical writing about economics and speculates that its sunset may have already occurred. Unlike much previous Jewish economic writing, which was often brief, scattered, or secular in orientation, this genre consists of book-length works that reach deeply into Jewish sources to ground their interpretations and constructive recommendations. However, this strategy creates new problems and tensions: philosophical tension with halakhic literature, which prefers case law to political-economic theory; political tension within the genre, between the conservative subgenre of business ethics and its progressive counterpart, social justice literature; and methodological tension between normative, constructive exegesis and historical criticism. Welcoming the increased attention to economy among constructive Jewish ethicists and theologians, the essay nonetheless offers methodological critique, arguing that the necessary incorporation of political economy and history should transform the genre for the future.
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França, Hális Alves do Nascimento, and Luis Alfredo Fernandes de Assis. "(In) The eyes of the serpent: perceptions and representations of the mexican in graham greene." Revista do GELNE 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/1517-7874.2018v20n1id14399.
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This paper aims to present an analysis considering the works “The Lawless Roads” (1939) and “The Power and the Glory” (1940) by Graham Greene from the perspective of perceptions and representations of the Mexican people constructed by the author. In order to do so, the paper is grounded on theories of post-colonial literary criticism and travel literature, specially regarding topics on identity, otherness and hybridism, in order to make a brief observation on the perception and representation of the Mexican by Greene, particularly regarding the role of the eyes of the Mexicans, with the purpose of outlining his personal point of view that is universalizing towards the native and of framing how he characterizes the Mexicans from a Eurocentric and colonial perspective. This research adopts qualitative, interpretative and documental methods in the proposed analysis and points towards the prevalence of perceptions and representations of the Mexicans that set forth a hostile gaze over the Mexican natives.
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Fiorio, Peterson Ricardo, Bruna Batagin, and Erica Silva Nakai. "IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DA EXPANSÃO URBANA NA MICROBACIA HIDROGRÁFICA ITAPERU/ITAPOCU." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 36, no. 1 (July 20, 2021): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2021v36n1p86-96.
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IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DA EXPANSÃO URBANA NA MICROBACIA HIDROGRÁFICA ITAPERU/ITAPOCU PETERSON RICARDO FIORIO1, BRUNA BATAGIN1, ÉRICA SILVA NAKAI1 1Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”. Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13.418-900, Piracicaba, Brasil. E-mail: fiorio@usp.br; bbatagin@gmail.com; ericanakai@gmail.com. RESUMO: A expansão e ocupação urbana progride simultaneamente à preocupação direcionada às questões socioambientais. Objetivo foi analisar os impactos ambientais da ocupação urbana nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP) da microbacia hidrográfica do Itaperu/Itapocu, de 1940 a 2016, por meio da interpretação de fotografias aéreas e imagem de satélite do RapidEye e Cbers-4. Os buffers das APPs foram criados de acordo com as legislações vigentes. Em todos os anos, verificou-se que ocorreu a indevida utilização das áreas legalmente protegidas. De 1940 a 2016 o crescimento urbano resultou na ocupação de 6,59 ha de maciços arbóreos e em muitos casos de APPs. Houve a extinção de cinco nascentes e redução de cursos d’água devido ao avanço de áreas de cana-de-açúcar, pastagem, área urbanizada, rodovia e solo exposto. A metodologia utilizada foi adequada para a análise temporal de uma microbacia hidrográfica. Palavras-chave: gestão ambiental, área de preservação permanente, sistema de informação geográfica, uso e ocupação do solo ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF URBAN EXPANSION IN A STREAM WATERSHED ITAPERU/ITAPOCU ABSTRACT: The expansion and human occupation progresses simultaneously to concern directed to the social-environmental issues. The objective was to analyse the environmental impact of urban occupation in the Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) of the Itaperu/Itapocu stream watershed, from 1940 to 2016, through the interpretation of aerial images and RapidEye and Cbers-4 satellite images. APP buffer was created in accordance with current legislation. In all years, it has been verified an improper use of legally protected areas. From 1940 to 2016, urban growth resulted in the occupation of 6.59 ha of tree stands and, in many cases, of APPs. There was an extinction of five springs and reduction of watercourses due to the advance of sugar cane, pasture, urbanized area, highway and exposed soil areas. This methodology was satisfactory for accomplishing microwatershed temporal analysis. Keywords: environmental management, permanent preservation area, geographic information system, soil use and occupation
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Apostolacus, Katherine. "The Bible and The Transgender Christian: Mapping Transgender Hermeneutics in the 21st Century." Journal of the Bible and its Reception 5, no. 1 (September 25, 2018): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbr-2016-0027.
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Abstract In this article, I present a meta-analysis of reception history as a discipline, followed by a study in the interpretative methods used by transgender Christians. Following Helen Savage’s work on transgender Christians’ spirituality, I concede her three observed hermeneutical methods: 1) establishing a hierarchy of texts, 2) resolution through historical criticism, and 3) changing the subject. I also add to her observations two additional observed methods: 4) self-insertion and 5) Scripture as precedent. These observations noted, the landscape of transgender Christians’ theologies is revealed as more diverse than others have previously anticipated, and increasingly so. This research also opens up space for theologians, scholars, and clergy to understand transgender hermeneutics and theology with a greater deal of nuance and care.
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Sharp, Melissa K., Romana Haneef, Philippe Ravaud, and Isabelle Boutron. "Dissemination of 2014 dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) trial results: a systematic review of scholarly and media attention over 7 months." BMJ Open 7, no. 11 (November 2017): e014503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014503.
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ObjectiveTo explore how the results from the 2014 dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) trial were disseminated to the scientific community and online media.DesignA a systematic review of scholarly and public attention surrounding the DAPT study.SettingsData were collected from the ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, PubMed Commons, EurekAlert, the DAPT study website (www.daptstudy.org) and theNew England Journal of Medicinewebsite (for scholarly attention) and Altmetric Explorer, Snap Bird, YouTube (for public attention) citing DAPT study results appearing from 16 November 2014 to 10 June 2015.ParticipantsNo participants were involved in this study.Main outcome measureProportion of contents highlighting the increased risk of mortality and critical to the author’s interpretation of the results.ResultsWe identified 425 items reported by seven sources; 164 (39%) disseminated the authors’ interpretation via an electronic link or a reference, with no additional text. Among 81 items (19 %), the message favoured prolonged treatment and consequently overstated the article conclusions. Among 119 items (28 %), the text was uncertain about the benefit of prolonged treatment but was reported with no or inappropriate mention of increased risk of mortality. Only 34 items (8 %) were uncertain about the benefit of prolonged treatment and mentioned increased risk of mortality. In all, 27 items (6 %) did not favour prolonged treatment, and only 12 of these (3 %) clearly raised some concerns about the reporting of increased risk of death.ConclusionDissemination of the DAPT study results to the scientific community and on different media sources rarely criticised the interpretation of the study results.
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Pistsov, Konstantin M. "Modest Worker of Russian Sinology: Remembering Vadim L’vovich Sichev." Oriental Courier, no. 1-2 (2021): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310015783-9.
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The author recalls the outstanding Russian sinologist Vadim L’vovich Sichev (1940–2019): He narrates the scientist’s biography and names his main academic works. Vadim L. Sichev was born in the family of famous soviet artist Lev P. Sichev. After graduation from the Institute of Asian and African Countries at Lomonosov Moscow State University, he worked in the State Museum of Oriental Art for a long time. The main areas of his scientific research were the study of Chinese costume and Chinese classical painting. Vadim L. Sichev has published a large number of books and academic articles. The most famous works of the scholar are “Chinese Costume: Symbolism, History, Interpretation in Literature and Art” (1975, co-written with his farther Lev P. Sichev), “Chinese Classical Paintings in the Collection of State Museum of Oriental Art” (2016), “Modern Chinese Prints in the Collection of State Museum of Oriental Art” (2016). The article contains reflections about the creative method and research principles of Vadim L. Sichev.
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Serdiuk, O. V. "Maria Szymanowska as a recital pianist‑composer of the Romantic epoch." Aspects of Historical Musicology 17, no. 17 (September 15, 2019): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-17.12.
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Вackground. The composer creativity of the talented Polish pianist Maria Szymanowska, her concert activity was arousing an exceptional interest among the public in the 1920s. However, shortly after her death, she was undeservedly forgotten for a long time. At the end of the XX – beginning of the XXI centuries a revival of interest in her work is observed. Her works are increasingly performed by contemporary musicians, and not only Polish (among them, for example, the Dutch pianist Bart van Oort is); international scientific symposiums are devoted to her creativity – in particular, in November 2015, the Сonference was held in Paris on the works by M. Szymanowska. In 2019, in connection with the 230th anniversary of this outstanding Polish artist, the Polish Sejm declared the year of Maria Szymanowska. The time distance between the eras and the change in cultural paradigms that has occurred today, prompt to rethink approaches to various cultural-forming activity in past eras, in particular, in the first half of the 19th century, to evaluate them from the standpoint of the modern creative thought. Indeed, the problems of choosing between universalism and specialization, of the search for effective means of artistic communication, the freedom of interpretation of the author’s text, with which M. Szymanowska has be faced, remain relevant and for modern cultural figures. In Ukraine, a steady interest in the music of M. Szymanowska, as well as the desire of scientists to study her works, has not yet been observed. The separate steps have been taken in this direction – for example, the publication of Maria Yanyshyn (2016), who is trying to explore some aspects of the creative work of the Polish artist, relying on modern methodological tools. Oddly enough, the concert activity of M. Szymanowska in Ukrainian cultural centers is also ignored: local historians did not publish a single critic review of her performances, although not only the Polish pianist was participating in such concerts, but also the local musicians. At one time, the example of such careful archival work was demonstrated by I. Belza (1956), who analyzed the newspaper reviews that were printed primarily in Moscow and St. Petersburg, and the correspondence of the figures of Russian culture, in which he found the references to M. Szymanowska and published them in his monograph. The present article intends to designate a corpus of problematic issues rather than thoroughly solve them. It cannot be said that and Polish scientists today made significant progress in their resolution, although Renata Suhovejko (2012) and others (Slavomir Dobzansky, Maria Stolarzhevich) touch on certain aspects Maria Szymanowska’s creative activity in their articles. The purpose of this article is to reveal the features of M. Szymanowska’s creative approaches to piano (concert) performing and composer activity, which are the object of this study. The subject of the study is the features of cultural arising, of the formation of creative attitudes and the principles of artistic activity, of the means of cultural communication and artistic interpretation of M. Szymanowska. The results of the study. The scientific novelty of the study is to identify little-known facts of Maria Szymanowska’s creative biography and their new interpretation, to form new ideas about the specifics of her creative methods in both piano and composer works. The important role of self-education in her creative development and the ability to self-development are emphasized, as well as the conscious cultural universalism, the penchant for innovation (for example, the introduction to concert practice of playing without the notes – from memory, playing in “three hands”, the rapid formation of playing skills on various types of instruments). Attention is focused on conflicting moments of the approach to the interpretation of copyright texts (for example, the frequent use of cuts). The comparative characteristics of pianism and individual creative methods of Maria Szymanowska and Clara Schumann also give in the article. Perhaps the most important difference between Clara Schumann and Maria Szymanowska was laying in their relation to the mission of the performer. Clara Schumann was among the first artists in the history of pianism who acted as a fairly strict “intermediary”, subordinated to the composer “guide” of his musical ideas to the listener. M. Szymanowska asserted the right of a performer to greater creative independence, taking the same position that, in essence, F. Liszt defended. At the same time, individual reading of the text, personal attitude to the work was important for both pianists. Emotional openness, lyricism and poetry, sincere performance, melodious full-blooded sound, large scale of the playing, ardent temperament, and a tendency to improvisation were distinguished the both from a number of pianists of the academic direction. Rationalistically verified approaches of M. Szymanowska to the organization of information support of her concert activity are determined, based on three communicative levels: there are friendship, professional contacts and short-term acquaintances. These communicative spheres realize in such directions of activity as maintenance of the albums of autographs, preparation and sending the letters of recommendation, establishing the contacts with the press, and the use of musical criticism. The latter becomes an instrument for the formation of an artistic myth that mobilizes the audience. The study also reveals, through which Ukrainian cities went along the route of the concert tours of the Polish pianist (Kiev, Tulchin, Zhytomyr, Dubno, Kremenets, Lviv and Vinnitsa). The success of the tour, confirmed by the press, proved the high competitive ability of M. Szymanowska in the European concert market, and the proficiency to offer an original creative product ensured a stable interest to her of the audience. Сonclusions. Using the example of M. Szymanowska’s creative biography, it is proved that on the basis of the growth of the personality’s cultural potential, the process of self-development, self-education acquires a conscious and focused character and contributes to the artist’s creative productivity. In a situation of the choice between specialization and universalism, M. Szymanowska demonstrates a penchant for creative universality. Her intensive performing and composing activities are marked by the search for effective means of artistic communication, by innovativeness, creativeness, emotional openness, freedom of interpretation of the musical text.
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Lockwood, Thornton. "Servile Spartans and Free Citizen-soldiers in Aristotle’s Politics 7–8." Apeiron 51, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 97–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/apeiron-2016-0055.
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Abstract In the last two books of the Politics, Aristotle articulates an education program for his best regime in contrast to what he takes to be the goal and practices of Sparta’s educational system. Although Aristotle never refers to his program as liberal education, clearly he takes its goal to be the production of free male and female citizens. By contrast, he characterizes the results of the Spartan system as ‘crude’ (φορτικός), ‘slavish’ (ἀνδραποδώδης), and ‘servile’ (βάναυσος). I argue that Aristotle’s criticisms of Spartan education elucidate his general understanding of Sparta and provide an interpretative key to understanding Politics 7–8. But although Aristotle contrasts the goals and methods of Spartan education with that of his own best regime, the citizens of his best regime are more like Spartan citizen-soldiers than Athenian participatory-citizens.
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The Editors. "Notes from the Editors, April 2016." Monthly Review 67, no. 11 (March 31, 2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-11-2016-04_0.
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<div class="buynow"><a title="Back issue of Monthly Review, April 2016 (Volume 67, Number 11)" href="http://monthlyreview.org/product/mr-067-11-2016-04/">buy this issue</a></div>The March/April 2016 issue of <em>Foreign Affairs</em>, published by the Council on Foreign Relations, is devoted in large part to the topic of economic stagnation.… [Of the] eight articles on stagnation, only one…—"The Age of Secular Stagnation" by Lawrence H. Summers—is, in our opinion, of any real importance.… Summers heavily criticizes those like Robert J. Gordon, in <em>The Rise and Fall of American Growth</em> (2016), who attribute stagnation to supply-side "headwinds"…blocking productivity growth.… Likewise Summers dispatches those like Kenneth Rogoff who see stagnation as merely the product of a debt supercycle associated with periodic financial crises.… Despite such sharp criticisms of other mainstream interpretations of stagnation, Summers's own analysis can be faulted for being superficial and vague, lacking historical concreteness.… In fact, the current mainstream debate on secular stagnation is so superficial and circumspect that one cannot help but wonder whether the main protagonists—figures like Summers, Gordon, Paul Krugman, and Tyler Cowen—are not deliberately tiptoeing around the matter, worried that if they get too close or make too much noise they might awaken some sleeping giant (the working class?) as in the days of the Great Depression and the New Deal.<p class="mrlink"><p class="mrpurchaselink"><a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-11" title="Vol. 67, No. 11: April 2016" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the <em>Monthly Review</em> website.</a></p>