Journal articles on the topic '1930-2019 Criticism and interpretation'
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1
Leone, Massimo. "Hi-Fi, Lo-Fi, No-Fi, and Wi-Fi Interpretation." Chinese Semiotic Studies 15, no. 3 (August 27, 2019): 411–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2019-0023.
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Abstract The article seeks to establish a dialog, from a semiotic point of view, with the grand cartography of methods in literary criticism proposed by Prof. Zhang Jiang in his famous essay “Imposed interpretation.” While acknowledging that Prof. Zhang Jiang identifies the most crucial weak points of the semiotic methodology, the article nevertheless takes these criticisms as occasions to improve the approach of semiotics, as regards especially the following oppositions: diagrammatic over-schematization versus quest for a more judicious application of the method; overenthusiastic adoption of mathematical formulas versus cautious cross-fertilization between humanities and scientific thought; frantic pursuance of theoretical uniformity versus humble acceptance of literary idiosyncrasies; fundamentalist proclamation of the self-reliance of the text versus thoughtful consideration of the evident links between the text and its contexts. This new theoretical approach, wherein traditional semiotics improves itself in dialog with Prof. Zhang Jiang’s criticisms, is exemplified with reference to the concept of interpretive fidelity, which is categorized into different levels and dimensions of adhesion between the textual structure and the discourse of the meta-language interpreting it: hi-fi, low-fi, no-fi, and wi-fi interpretation.
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Poljakova, Ekaterina. "Die Macht der Interpretation." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 67, no. 4 (November 5, 2019): 539–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2019-0043.
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Abstract The article treats the problem of interpretation in its respect to reality by example of Umberto Eco’s moderate ‚realistic‘ position and his criticism of Friedrich Nietzsche, the “father” of postmodernism. Here the strongest arguments on both sides are evaluated: Eco’s “negative realism” pointing out the impossibility of some interpretations and Nietzsche’s thinking out the absolute absence of a privileged position proceeding from which it would be possible to unequivocally identify what is real. The article argues that the crucial point why some interpretations may prove to be stronger or weaker is best described in terms of the concept of power. One however should avoid misconceptions, since power itself is interpretation which nevertheless allows for the gradation of reality, the mobility of its horizons, their shifting and even their potential availability. A much-disputed question of prehistoric times as well as that of death as a limit of interpretability is inter alia included in the analysis. Both classical anti-realistic positions, such as that of Wittgenstein, and the argumentation of contemporary advocates of realism, such as Quentin Meillassoux, are taken into consideration.
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Bassford, Andrew Dennis. "Malebranche on Intelligible Extension: A Programmatic Interpretation." Metaphysica 21, no. 2 (October 25, 2020): 199–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mp-2019-0005.
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AbstractThe purpose of this essay is exegesis. I explicate Nicholas Malebranche’s concept of intelligible extension. I begin by detailing how the concept matured throughout Malebranche’s work, and the new functions it took on within his metaphysical system. I then examine Gustav Bergmann’s (1956. “Some Remarks on the Philosophy of Malebranche.” The Review of Metaphysics 10(2): 207–26) “axiomatic” interpretation, as well as the criticism of it offered by Daise Radner (1994. “Malebranche and the Individuation of Perceptual Objects.” In Individuation and Identity in Early Modern Philosophy, edited by Kenneth F. Barber, and Jorge J. E. Gracia, New York: SUNY Press). I argue that Radner’s criticism of the interpretation is only partly successful; some of her objections can be met; others cannot. I then develop a novel interpretation of the concept, given insights from this dispute. I call it the “programmatic interpretation.” I argue that this interpretation coheres well with Malebranche’s famous Vision in God thesis, as well as many of his other commitments. I conclude by considering a certain pertinent objection to my proposal, summarizing the dialectic, and forcefully restating my case.
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Winarni, Retno, Ratna Endang Widuatie, Tri Chandra Aprianto, and Nurhadi Sasmita. "Perkembangan Perkebunan Partikelir di Jember (1850-an – 1930-an)." Historia 4, no. 1 (July 30, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jhist.v4i1.28427.
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This study was aimed to track how the history of plantations in Jember from the 1850s-1930s. When did plantations arise in Jember? What types of plants were developed on Jember plantations? How was the development of the plantation quantitatively? And what was the impact of the existence of plantations on the development of Jember and its people. The method in this study is a historical method which includes heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study are that plantations in Jember developed along with the development of colonial power in the Belada Indies, precisely since the VOC era, but experienced rapid development starting from the implementation period culture stelsel, but reached its peak in liberal times, and plantations also experienced a period of ebb as colonial power receded as well. The conclusion is that there is a parrarel relationship between plantation development and the development of colonial power.
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Fagniez, Guillaume. "Karl Löwiths Kritik der geschichtlichen Existenz." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie 67, no. 5 (December 2, 2019): 789–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2019-0058.
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Abstract This paper examines the “critique of historical existence” as a main theme in Karl Löwith’s philosophical works and discusses its emergence, its exact meaning and its contemporary relevance. First, the study shows that Löwith’s critique of History stems from his preoccupation with the question of nihilism. He first discusses the question of “the world as such” in the 1920’s in the context of his anthropological project, and then again in the 1930’s as part of his interpretation of the work of Nietzsche. Secondly, a distinction is proposed between, on the one hand, Löwith’s investigation into the “theological background of the philosophy of history” and, on the other hand, his radical criticism of history as a “historical world”. Finally, the paper sheds light on the difficulties that challenge the project of overcoming the modern historical paradigm, and goes on to discuss the new relevance that Löwith’s philosophy could have today in order to think anew the relationship between nature and history.
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Talukdar, Janmani. "Interpretation and Criticism of Buddhism by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda." Pracya 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/pracya.2019.v11.i1.77.
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Imadudin, Iim. "PERDAGANGAN LADA DI LAMPUNG DALAM TIGA MASA (1653-1930)." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 8, no. 3 (May 5, 2017): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v8i3.14.
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This article aims to reveal the dynamics of the pepper trade in Lampung in three political systems. The study uses historical method consists of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The struggle for influence in the region is created in the pattern of domination and subordination. Lampung as the pepper producer is under the influence of Banten, VOC, and the Dutch government. Thus, it is inevitable that there isthe economic exploitation in the relationship. The study shows that the dynamics of the pepper trade in Lampung cannot be separated from the various competing parties. The players are Sultanate of Banten, VOC, and the Dutch government. However, the role of local elites of Lampungis also taken into account. The waning of pepper trade, in addition to internal factors such as not optimal maintenance of pepper garden, also due to lower demand from the international market. The monopoly factor of the pepper trade by foreign powers also crushes the pepper trade system that has lasted long enough.
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Mansyur, Mansyur. "MIGRASI DAN JARINGAN EKONOMI SUKU BUGIS DI WILAYAH TANAH BUMBU, KERESIDENAN BORNEO BAGIAN SELATAN DAN TIMUR, 1930-1942." Jurnal Sejarah Citra Lekha 1, no. 1 (February 27, 2016): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jscl.v1i1.11850.
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The Bugis migration to Tanah Bumbu, Afdeeling Pasir en de Tanah Boemboe, Residentie Borneo’s Zuid en Oosterafdeeling continued until the early decades of the 20th century, especially in 1930-1942. It was indirectly indicates how strong economic motives of the Bugis. In an effort to survive in the midst of economic depression or malaise, Bugis migrants "creates" economic adaptation strategy to establish a network of fisheries Ponggawa (skipper) Bugis in the early 1930's. Most migrant Bugis also tried farmer (bahuma) for copra and coconut planting. Plantation crops are suitable and almost the same as plantation crops in South Sulawesi. In addition, in the field of marine migrant boat Bugis also developed business people to serve the marine transportation. This study uses the history of the historical method, which is a method to test and analyze critically the recording and relics of the past. The historical method comprises step heuristics, criticism of sources (external and internal), interpretation and historiography.
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Besbes, Khaled. "Theory-Inspired Rather than Theory-Based Criticism: Towards a Semeiocritical Method for the Interpretation of Literature." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 54, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stap-2019-0002.
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AbstractThe present article is written almost a decade and a half after the reticent announcement of the death of literary theory by a number of scholars around the world. But during all these years, the humanities have not managed to drive Theory out of the seminar rooms of English departments, nor have the anti-theory proponents managed to remove it from the syllabi of English studies or even from the shelves of specialized libraries. After all these years, English studies academicians find themselves still doing Theory: holding conferences on how to conduct literary studies, organizing debates on how to launch new approaches that could possibly replace critical theories, and encouraging research into less-theorized methods of literary interpretation that could respond to the ineluctable need for a method in studying literature. For good or ill, whether we admit it or not, the echoes of literary theories continue to linger behind the scenes of all debates about literature and literary studies. The question is therefore not how to bring those echoes to silence, but rather how to find a way out of the post-theory deadlock by proposing what I have chosen to name the semeiocritical method as a theory-inspired, rather than theory-based approach to literature. The present article seeks to answer two questions: (1) how can we benefit from the lessons of literary theory without systematically doing theory or being methodically loyal to theories? and (2) how can we maximize the effects of literary interpretation in such a way as to cover as many aspects as possible of the signifying processes in the literary text while maintaining interpretive consistency?
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Baits, Abdul. "Respon Masyarakat Muslim Terhadap Keberadaan Umat Kristen di Cikawungading Cipatujah Tasikmalaya Tahun 1996-2019." Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah 3, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/hm.v3i1.9396.
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This study aims to explain how the Muslim community responded to the presence of Christians in Cipatujah, as it is known that Christians came to Cipatujah around 1936, namely Javanese people from Salatiga who were brought by the leadership of a Dutch missionary named Tuan A. Van Emmerik. The method used in this research is the historical method by carrying out the stages starting from data collection (heuristics), levers (criticism), interpretation (interpretation) and writing (historiography). Data collection techniques used in this research are text study, observation. and interviews. The results of this study show that there have been ups and downs of relations between Muslims and Christians in Cipatujah. This can be seen from several conflicts that have occurred from the riots in 1996 to the burning of churches and Christian settlements in 2001. Keywords: Response, Muslims, Christians, Cipatujah.
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Tsymbala, Lada. "National traditions in costume design: aspects of the methodology of art criticism analysis." Bulletin of Lviv National Academy of Arts, no. 39 (2019): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37131/2524-0943-2019-39-12.
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Today, in the process of active formation of Ukrainian statehood, the problems of aesthetic value of national traditions, which are broadcast to consumers through new forms in multi-vector areas of artistic culture and in the design of clothing in particular, are especially actualized. What are the manifestations of national traditions and in what forms are relevant in contemporary Ukrainian artistic culture, and to what extent such manifestations are aesthetically valuable? The article covers the problems of art-historical analysis of the interpretation of national traditions in the design of the costume as a whole, and in the modern Ukrainian environment in particular. The view is focused to the specifics and differences in the interpretation of folk traditions in the design of everyday, festive and stage costumes. The article states that the technique of studying folk traditions in the suit design is marked by the specifics of individual approaches to certain types of costumes in accordance with their purpose and distinguishing the conceptual dominant or subordination of the general compositional form.
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Jodi, Jergian, and Badrun Badrun. "Eksistensi Kawasan Pecinan dalam Bentuk Pemenuhan Tata Ruang Kota Jember, 1930-1970." Local History & Heritage 2, no. 1 (May 23, 2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.57251/lhh.v2i1.330.
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The formation of the district of Jember was influenced by Europeans who were interested in establishing a plantation in Jember. Jember which was originally part of the Bondowoso afdeeling then on January 9, 1883 the Governor of the Dutch East Indies made a change to a separate afdeeling and in 1928 the Dutch East Indies government issued a regulation to increase the status to Regentschap Djember as a district. Changes in status caused a large number of migrants to come, especially ethnic Chinese who made their place of residence namely the Chinatown village. The Chinatown area which is located in the city center is not only their place of residence, but their economic activities are also carried out in the area. The objectives to be achieved in this article are: (1) to determine the process of the formation of the Chinatown area in Jember Regency, (2) to determine the influence of the Chinatown area on the spatial planning of the city of Jember, 1930-1970. The method used in this study is a historical research method that contains four points, including: heuristics (data collection), verification (source criticism), interpretation, and historiography.
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Vlados, Charis. "On a correlative and evolutionary SWOT analysis." Journal of Strategy and Management 12, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-02-2019-0026.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to counter-propose a new approach of SWOT analysis, which can be used in the strategic planning of the contemporary organizations. Design/methodology/approach This paper, after presenting the conceptual context of the existing (conventional) SWOT analysis, presents the existing criticism within the international literature. Then, it articulates gradually the new evolutionary and correlative SWOT analysis, by using the approaches and the literature of evolutionary economics, and the Stra.Tech.Man approach in business dynamics. In conclusion, it presents the new conceptual framework on which a new correlative SWOT analysis can be based. Findings Main finding of this research is that the interpretation of the conventional SWOT analysis tends to study the strengths and the weaknesses of the business with an analytical dichotomy. The conventional SWOT analysis conceptualizes, usually implicitly, the opportunities and threats of the external environment as having the same impact to all the socioeconomic agents, without exception. However, by using a correlative interpretation of SWOT analysis, we understand that the opportunities and threats are always “potential,” depending on the organization’s strategic capability to exercise its comparative strengths and weaknesses. Originality/value In the existing literature of SWOT analysis, despite the growing criticism, there is no critique that can give systemic and correlative answers to the articulation of business strategy in SWOT terms. The Stra.Tech.Man approach, also, is a conceptual framework to study the evolutionary adaptation of all the kinds of socioeconomic organizations.
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Mari, Lorenzo. "Old and New Names. Afropolitanism, Failed-State Fiction and World Literature." New Global Studies 13, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 102–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2019-0004.
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AbstractSince its establishment more than a decade ago, the cultural and political debate on Afropolitanism has been characterized by several different positions. In particular, the Afropolitan opposition to any kind of essentialism (Eze 2014) has been counterweighed by the necessity of a connection to “knowable African communities, nations and traditions” (Gikandi 2011, 9). This debate has been reproducing a typical oscillation of postcolonial theory and criticism between the celebration of hybridity (Bhabha 1994) and the interpretation of postcolonial texts as “national allegories” (Jameson 1986). At the same time, Afropolitanism appears to be related to a more recent phenomenon, which has been defined as “national failure” in political analysis (Zartman 1995; Rotberg 2004) and “failed-state fiction” in literary criticism (Marx 2008). The latter sheds a different light on Afropolitanism, by showing its advantages and its limits both on a national and transnational level. In view of this, Afropolitan literature – including the paradigmatic works by Helon Habila (2002, 2007, 2010) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2006, 2013) here analyzed – appears to be based on the persistence of “old names,” or categories, in an uneven but fruitful coexistence with the “new” ones (Eze 2016).
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Jensen, Per. "Linear and bent triatomic molecules are not qualitatively different!" Canadian Journal of Physics 98, no. 6 (June 2020): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2019-0395.
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I, and other authors, have discussed in several recent publications that “linear” triatomic molecules (defined as having linear equilibrium structures) are necessarily observed as being bent on ro-vibrational average. We have demonstrated this theoretically by calculations of the rotation–vibration expectation values, [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the bond angle supplement, [Formula: see text] being the instantaneous value of the bond angle of the triatomic molecule A–B–C. Direct experimental evidence of bent average structures has been obtained by other authors in Coulomb explosion imaging experiments, and indirect evidence from re-interpretation of experimentally derived rotational constant values. In spite of a rather significant amount of evidence in support of the bent average structures, the idea has been heavily criticized. In the present work I discuss in more detail some of the arguments for the bent average structures put forward in previous papers, and I hope to correct and clarify some of the misunderstandings leading to the criticisms. Part of the criticism originates in a widespread, but fallacious, belief among spectroscopists that linear and bent chain molecules have qualitatively different energy-level and spectral intensity patterns. This is not true. One can view the linear-molecule energy level and spectral patterns as limiting cases of the bent-molecule ones.
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Mollan, Simon. "Phenomenal differences." Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 14, no. 4 (November 11, 2019): 498–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrom-08-2019-1808.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore issues related to a recent article by Bradley Bowden published in QROM titled “Empiricism, and modern postmodernism: a critique”. The argument presented here is that antagonism between different sub-communities undertaking work related to the “historic-turn” in management and organization studies (MOS) should give way to greater acceptance of different “phenomenal” concerns and different methods of research. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a critical reading and interpretation of relevant texts. This paper critiques recent work by Bradley Bowden. These are then used as a starting point for a discussion of the different ways in which historical research is practiced in MOS. Findings The central interpretation developed is that despite many strengths, there are both interpretative and argumentational limitations to Bowden’s criticism that the historic-turn in MOS is postmodernist in nature. In pointing to the varieties of historical research and interpretation in the field, this paper calls for greater and more sympathetic understanding between the different related sub-fields that are interested in history in relation to management and organization. Research limitations/implications This paper concludes by calling for more historical work that deals with historiographical and theoretical issues, rather than a continuation of methodological debates that focus on antagonisms between different methods of undertaking historical research to the exclusion of advancing the creation of new historical knowledge, however constructed. Originality/value This paper articulates a pluralistic and ecumenical vision for historical research in relation to management and organization. The primary contribution is therefore to attempt to dissolve the seeming assumption of dialectical antagonism between different but related sub-communities of practice.
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Hana, Muhamad Yusrul. "Dinamika Sosio-Ekonomi Pedagang Santri dalam Mengembangkan Industri Kretek di Kudus, 1912-1930." JUSPI (Jurnal Sejarah Peradaban Islam) 2, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/j.v2i1.1420.
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<p><em>This paper explain about study on local history on the economic action of santri trader in kretek industry in Kudus 1912-1930. The early trading system of kretek cigarettes was dominated by santri trader until Chinese began producing kretek cigarettes as well, which causes significant profit decline for santri trader. It raised socio-economic tension between the two ethnic due to economic rivalry relations. In the middle of 1912, Chinese merchants started taking over kretek cigarettes market in Kudus. The rivalry matters turns out to be a competition and reach its peak on October 1918 when santri Kudus commence attacking and destroying homes and shops owned by chinese. The falling economic of Chinese, has made Nitisemito and H.M Muslich (Santri trader figure) motivated to maximize their ability in developing kretek cigarette trading system in Kudus. There are several main points that will be explained furthermore in this study. First, the depict of construction between santri traders and chinese merchants in Kudus, second, the effort of Nitisemito and H.M. Muslich in founding kretek cigarettes factory, third, understanding of sosio-economic patterns and economic action of santri trader in Kudus. The methode that be used in this study is historical research contains heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography.</em></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>economic action,<strong> </strong>santri trader, kretek industry</p>
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Sulaeman, Asep, and Samsudin Samsudin. "Fenomena Munculnya Tokoh Islam Progresif Muhammadiyah 1980-2019." Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/hm.v5i2.16026.
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Since its first establishment until the productive contemporary period, Muhammadiyah have successfully generated noticeable figures who always oriented towards finding a path to the progress of Muslims. Some of Muhammadiyah progressive figures who are well known such as; M. Syafi'i Maarif and other associates. However, in the journey of contribution from their thoughts, they get criticized and cause controversy. It is believed that their thoughts are considered controversial and contrary to the tradition of thinking of the general public and lead to polemics among Indonesian Muslims. Even, these Muhammdiyah figures and their characters are often labelled as liberal figures who have ever been forbidden by MUI. Concerning this issue, the writers are interested in examining the issue by exploring main purposes: First, an overview progressive Islamic figures of Muhammadiyah. Second, what are the typology of progressive Islamic figures from Muhammadiyah? In this study the writers employed the historical method including heuristics, criticism or analysis, interpretation, and historiography. Based on the research results, the authors determined that the emergence of progressive Islam in contemporary period of Muhammadiyah produced many noticeable figures such as: Ahmad Syafii Maarif, Azyumardi Azra, Bahtiar Effendi, Dawam Raharjo, and Zuly Qadir. Second typology, in this term, progressive Islamic figures from Muhammadiyah are categorized into two typologies namely; Progressive-moderate and progressive-radical.
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van Altena, Vincent, Jan Krans, Henk Bakker, Balázs Dukai, and Jantien Stoter. "Spatial Analysis of New Testament Textual Emendations Utilizing Confusion Distances." Open Theology 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2019-0004.
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Abstract Before the interpretation of any text can start, the original wording of the text itself must be critically established. Conventionally, this is done following qualitative criteria. This article, however, explores the application of spatial analyses to New Testament textual criticism by demonstrating how the Levenshtein edit distance could be adapted to calculate confusion distances for variant readings in New Testament manuscripts, i.e. the possibility that a (combination of) letter(s) is confused by another (combination of) letter(s). Subsequently the outcomes are translated to Euclidian space using classical Multi-Dimensional Scaling, which enables visualisation and spatial analyses (in this case not related to geographical space). The article focuses on the data preparation and algorithm to make the data suitable for spatial analyses, thus providing the New Testament textual critic with new analytical tools.
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Тимофеев, Борис. "Diodorus of Tarsus. Preface to the «Commentary on Psalms»." Метафраст, no. 2(2) (June 15, 2019): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2658-770x-2019-2-2-106-117.
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Данная работа представляет собой попытку перевода предисловия к «Толкованию на псалмы» Диодора Тарсийского. В данном отрывке Диодор описывает особенности написания и передачи Псалтири, рассуждает о правилах толкования. Его герменевтический подход предполагает два уровня прочтения Псалтири: буквальный и духовный. При этом для своего времени автор предлагает новый взгляд на мессианское провозвестие в псалмах и выступает резким критиком аллегорического толкования. Перевод сопровождается предисловием переводчика, в котором описываются основные идеи автора. This article is an attempt to translate the preface to the interpretation of the psalms of Diodorus of Tarsus. In this passage, Diodorus describes the peculiarities of writing and transmitting the psaltery, discusses the rules of interpretation. His hermeneutic approach involves two levels of reading the Psalter: literal and spiritual. At the same time, for its time, the author offers a new look at the messianic proclamation in psalms and speaks out sharp criticism of the allegorical interpretation. The translation is accompanied by the preface of the translator, which describes the main ideas of the author.
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Malinkin, Alexander. "To the History of Russian Sociology of the 1920–1930s: Soviet Marxism vs “Sociology of Knowledge”." Sociological Journal 27, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2021.27.3.8428.
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In the 1920’s Marxism, having become the state ideology of Soviet Russia, took a leading position among the political ideologies of Europe in terms of its influence on the minds and hearts of people. The teachings of K. Marx and F. Engels received various interpretations, among which “sociology of knowledge” in the interpretation of M. Scheler and K. Mannheim earned the most recognition in the academic environment. It originated in Germany in the mid 1920’s as a result of criticism of the Marxist “theory of ideology”, of “economist” limitations of the materialistic vision of man, of history and society. In the USSR “sociology of knowledge” was understood to be the most refined attempt to overcome Marxism. The essential characteristics of Marxism and “sociology of knowledge” as interpreted by K. Mannheim are revealed, while being subjected to comparative and critical analysis. The first reaction of Soviet Marxist sociologists to “sociology of knowledge” is analyzed. In the light of this reaction, it was presented as “social fascism”. The specifics of how the teachings of K. Marx and F. Engels existed in the USSR during the 1920s–1930’s are evaluated. “Historical materialism” is qualified as a sociological methodology of suspicion, and the practice of its application by the Bolsheviks as a form of discrimination and persecution in society based on social class and social group affiliation.
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Peterson, Paul Silas. "Romano Guardini in the Weimar Republic and in National Socialist Germany: With a brief look into the National Socialist correspondences on Guardini in the early 1940s." Journal for the History of Modern Theology / Zeitschrift für Neuere Theologiegeschichte 26, no. 1 (May 27, 2019): 47–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znth-2019-0003.
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Abstract Romano Guardini was one of the most important intellectuals of German Catholicism in the twentieth century. He influenced nearly an entire generation of German Catholic theologians and was the leading figure of the German Catholic youth movement as it grew exponentially in the 1920s. Yet there are many open questions about his early intellectual development and his academic contribution to religious, cultural, social and political questions in the Weimar Republic and in National Socialist Germany. This article draws upon Guardini’s publications, the secondary literature on Guardini and on some archival material, seeking to outline his early development and his engagement with the ideological context following World War I and in National Socialist Germany. Here Guardini’s criticisms of the modern age are presented. Besides this many other issues are addressed, such as his criticism of the women’s movement, his understanding of the youth movement, reception of Carl Schmitt, views of race, interpretation of the controversial Volk-concept, contribution to a Jewish journal in 1933, and his basic positions on the issues of obedience, order and authority. While Guardini was viewed critically by some National Socialists in the Third Reich, the administrative correspondences on him in the 1940s actually show that there was an internal debate about him among the National Socialist officials. This involved different figures, including a diplomat who came to Guardini’s defense. The internal disagreements were made more complicated because Guardini’s brothers were apparently members of the Fascist Party in Italy at this time.
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Gruschko, Svitlana. "TRANSLATION AS MENTAL INTERPRETATION ACTIVITY IN LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 18, no. 28 (July 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-4.
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In the article the phenomenon of translation is regarded as mental interpretation activity not only in linguistics, but also in literary criticism. The literary work and its translation are most vivid guides to mental and cultural life of people, an example of intercultural communication. An adequate perception of non-native culture depends on communicators’ general fund of knowledge. The essential part of such fund of knowledge is native language, and translation, being a mediator, is a means of cross-language and cross-cultural communication. Mastering another language through literature, a person is mastering new world and its culture. The process of literary texts’ translation requires language creativity of the translator, who becomes so-called “co-author” of the work. Translation activity is a result of the interpreter’s creativity and a sort of language activity: language units are being selected according to language units of the original text. This kind of approach actualizes linguistic researching of real translation facts: balance between language and speech units of the translated work (i.e. translationinterpretation, author’s made-up words, or revised language peculiarities of the characters). The process of literary translation by itself should be considered within the dimension of a dialogue between cultures. Such a dialogue takes place in the frame of different national stereotypes of thinking and communicational behavior, which influences mutual understanding between the communicators with the help of literary work being a mediator. So, modern linguistics actualizes the research of language activities during the process of literary work’s creating. This problem has to be studied furthermore, it can be considered as one of the central ones to be under consideration while dealing with cultural dimension of the translation process, including the process of solving the problems of cross-cultural communication.
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Novoseltseva, A. V. "A novel study: history and modernity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 64, no. 2 (May 18, 2019): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2019-64-2-200-208.
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There is the necessity in the contemporary science of literature for development of the intra-genre novel typology to systematize the knowledge of certain novel texts and determine the aesthetic possibilities of the modern novel. Traditionally the genre novel typology is considered in social-historical way and based on its content characteristics. Representatives of formalistic approach suppose the genre as a system of methods; they emphasize the artistic uniqueness of new novel form, which determines the specificity of the plot development and theme disclosure in a novel. G. N. Pospelov associates the interpretation of characters with the plot-composition peculiarities, M. M. Bakhtin formulates the idea of dialogue, defines the monologic and polyphonic novels. Bakhtin’s novel theory is developed by N. A. Verderevskaya, focusing on the image structure of protagonist. A. Ya. Esalnek considers the genre of a novel in close interconnection between the method and style of the author. N. S. Leites carries on the tradition of formalistic approach, and according to the type of plot formation, singles out a novel of direct and indirect reflection. N. D. Tamarchenko retraces the novel evolution through its aesthetic potential in the works of famous authors. The classifications developed in Western European literary criticism (the Anglo-American school of “neo criticism”, the German school of “interpretation”) are distinguished with dualism or variability. They focus on the structural organization, the artistic relationship between the author and narrator, author and character.
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Žvira, Juta. "Teātra blogi Latvijā: satura iezīmes." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 26/1 (March 1, 2021): 319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2021.26-1.319.
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With changes in the media environment, theatre critics are not only responsible for communicating with theatre visitors, but also any individual who decides to publish in the media, whether it is a professional media or a self-created platform – blog. The aim of the research of the article “Theatre blogs in Latvia: content features” is to find out what are the most characteristic features of the content and the most frequently used functions of theatre criticism in the most active theatre blogs in Latvia. Qualitative and quantitative content analysis was used to analyse the content of the five most active theatre blogs in Latvia in the period from 2018 to 2019. The study found that the content of all five blogs correspond to descriptive material about the content of the performance, actors, and scenography and are supplemented by the author’s personal assessment, which is mainly highly emotional. Among the most frequently used functions of theatre criticism in blogs are documentation, evaluation, interpretation, sharing experiences, commenting, and motivating readers to attend the show. It was concluded that the theatre criticism appearance into the contentof blogs provides a new form of reviews, providing both benefits and risks to the criticism. More attention should be paid to the arrangement and development of blog culture in Latvia and the use of the advantages of digital platforms for both professionals and bloggers to improve their material and attract an audience.
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Elgesem, Dag. "The Meaning of Links." Nordicom Review 40, s1 (June 28, 2019): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2019-0014.
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Abstract This article explores the potential and challenges of using hyperlinks as data through a study of polarization in English language blogs about climate change. The purpose of this research is to provide an interpretation of the meaning of the hyperlinks in climate change blogs by coding the functions that the links perform in the given blog posts. Beginning with a set of more than 500,000 blog posts about climate change, we focus on bloggers who actively link to highly visible sources that advocate, respectively, the denial or acceptance of the consensus view on anthropogenic climate change. We find that the bloggers in our sample predominantly link to sources that they agree with and that, if they link to a source with different opinions, the link is part of negative criticism of the targeted source. We argue that, by considering the functions of the links in the blog posts, we obtain a more nuanced understanding of the extent to which the discussion in the blogs is polarized.
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Ramirez Ortega, Graciela. "The reception of the novel by M. Bulgakov “Master and Margarita” in the Ibero-American cultural space." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 24, no. 3 (December 15, 2019): 578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2019-24-3-578-584.
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The objectives of this work is to analyze the reviews of the novel “Master and Margarita” in Latin American criticism; to identify and describe the dominant ways of reception of the novel, to draw conclusions about the features of its literacy and critical interpretation in Latin America. In this paper we have the opportunity to trace path of Bulgakov’s novel through Spain to Latin America and, in particular, to Mexico, since in most cases, Latin American countries first become acquainted with foreign works of literature through translations into Spanish from Spain, which are made for large publishing houses such as “Alianza”, “Mondadori”, “Cátedra”.
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Mpho Paulus Bapela and Phillip Lesetja Monyamane. "The “Revolving Door” of the Customary Marriages’ Validity Requirement in Action ‒ Mbungela v Mkabi [2019] ZASCA 134." Obiter 42, no. 1 (May 2, 2021): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v42i1.11066.
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On the face of it, section 3 of the Recognition of Customary Marriages Act 120 of 1998 (RCMA) does not look ominous. Notwithstanding the plain language of the above provision, there is abundant case law and academic articles dealing with the interpretation and/or application of section 3(1)(b) in particular. A decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) in Mbungela v Mkabi ((820/2018) [2019] ZASCA 134) adds to what is fast becoming a jurisprudence of the salient issues relating to the understanding of paragraph (b) of subsection (1). The issue of the scope of this paragraph has become more relevant in the inquiry into the transfer and/or integration of the bride into the groom’s family pursuant to the conclusion of a lobolo agreement. In his latest academic offering, Manthwa introduces this ongoing Achilles heel of customary marriages by referencing a number of cases and academic opinions; the references serve to justify the relevance of his work in the presence of so much jurisprudence on the topic. It is prudent to highlight also that Bakker provided an insightful criticism of the court a quo in Mkabe v Minister of Home Affairs ((2014/84704) [2016] ZAGPPHC 460). On the whole, it is argued here that the judgment of the SCA is incorrect in a few material respects and that the criticism by Bakker of the court a quo is legally sound and contributes meaningfully to the jurisprudence in this area.As this case note demonstrates, the SCA not only incorrectly interprets and applies the law, but the judgment also unjustifiably departs from precedents relating to the transfer and/or integration of the bride. In effect therefore, it is submitted, the SCA establishes a changeable attitude relating to the transfer and/or integration of the bride. This attitude is symptomatic of an apparent constitutional interpretation that desires a specific outcome almost at any cost. As such, this case note is relevant as it captures the latest instalment of the changing attitude towards the precepts of the transfer and/or integration of the bride. Thus, there is as much a need for continuous monitoring of this revolving door of interpretation and/or application as there is for cases dealing with this aspect. The matter is therefore considered as unsettled and merits ongoing academic discourse.This issue of unsettled law finds resonance in the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court in Bhe v Magistrate, Khayelitsha ([2004] ZACC 17 par 112).In light of the foregoing, the casuistic and often contradictory jurisdiction on the issue of transfer and/or integration of the bride is considered in the context of the constitutional injunction in terms of section 39(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution) and the facts of the case in Mbungela v Mkabi (supra).
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Krupach, Mykola. "«Z lupoyu literaturnoho detektyva» (Do problemy identyfikatsiyi utayemnychenykh tekstiv)." Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie 8 (April 16, 2021): 212–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2451-2958spu.8.15.
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The article “Contemporary Ukrainian Poetry” by Oleh Olzhych has been given the status of an authoritative source in domestic literary criticism in recent decades, in particular, in the study of the genesis of emigrant poetry of 1920-1930 and in general on the interpretation of the state of national literature in eastern and western countries, which in the interwar period were respectively under the rule of Russia and Poland. Only the “textual coincidences, general concept and intonation” of the article and Olzhych’s related texts were taken as the basis of identification. Such a technique contains elements of pre-programming of the final result and can lead to erroneous conclusions in identifying the author of the publication. It draws attention to the analogies of text construction, subject matter, lexical and stylistic coincidences, etc., but distracts from what is the main in the objective establishment of the publication of a particular person - the (internal) content of the text. The example of Olzhych’s attitude to the process of development of national literature in the interwar period and especially to the work of his father (Oleksandr Oles) shows that he can’t be the author of a politically quite controversial article “Contemporary Ukrainian Poetry”.
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Klapper, Shlomo. "(Mis)judging Ordinary Meaning?: Corpus Linguistics, the Frequency Fallacy, and the Extension-Abstraction Distinction in “Ordinary Meaning” Textualism." British Journal of American Legal Studies 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 327–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjals-2019-0013.
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Abstract Rarely is a new yardstick of legal meaning created. But over the past decade, corpus linguistics has begun to be utilized as a new tool to measure ordinary meaning in statutory interpretation and original public meaning in constitutional interpretation. The legal application of corpus linguistics posits that an examination of every use of a term in a wide variety of documents can yield a more complete, impartial understanding of a word than can dictionaries, intuition, or an unsystematic survey of sources. Corpora could supplement, or even supplant, dictionaries and native-speaker intuition in legal analyses. For originalism in particular, legal corpus linguistics promises to offer what would be a more scientific methodology for a point of view which, until now, has lacked one. However, corpus linguistics, as applied to legal problems, falls prey to a fatal methodological criticism – the frequency fallacy. The criticism states that in a corpus, an unusual meaning can have many corpus entries while a perfectly ordinary meaning can be completely absent from the corpus. That is, frequency is not a good measure of meaning. Since legal corpus linguistics relies on frequency, the corpus cannot inform legal meaning. This article parries this otherwise fatal critique. It argues that while the frequency fallacy is self-evidently true, the fallacy is not inherent to the corpus, but rather is an artifact of misinterpreting the corpus by treating it like a dictionary. This defense consists of a number of steps. The first step distinguishes between two different methods of discerning ordinary meaning: extension and abstraction. As illustrated by Yates v. United States and United States v. Marshall, extension entails extending the statutory term to varying facts, while abstraction keeps the facts constant and abstracts out key qualities to find an appropriate term. Critically, this article argues that abstraction offers a way to avoid the frequency fallacy. Second, to use abstraction properly, one must analyze not only the presence of the legal term in question but also its absence; that is, one must determine the presence or absence of other terms to describe a similar factual scenario to distinguish between artifacts of language and facts about the world. This article concludes by arguing that this method has a beneficial emergent quality. Not only does this answer make legal corpus analysis methodologically sound, but it also paves the way for the first tool to approximate how an ordinary person would read the law, thus potentially furthering the rule of law.
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Golovko, Nikita V. "Unconceived alternatives and another argument for instrumentalism." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 4 (2019): 214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2019-17-4-214-220.
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Selective skepticism in relation to fundamental scientific theories and criticism of the inference to the best explanation as an eliminative approach to substantiate hypotheses, enable K. Stanford to interpret and combine in his own way the classical arguments against the scientific realism – the arguments of the pessimistic meta-induction and that of the underdetermination of theory by data. Despite the fact that his justification of the instrumentalist interpretation of scientific knowledge is just another version of the argument «from error», K. Stanford’s book should be recommended to a scientific realism could be. Reflection on the book: Stanford K. Exceeding Our Grasp: Science, History, and the Problem of Unconceived Alternatives. Oxford University Press, 2006.
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Bratko, Tatiana Dmitrievna. "Taxation of potential income from rentals: reality and illusion of equal tax burden." Налоги и налогообложение, no. 4 (April 2020): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-065x.2020.4.33165.
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Different forms of income taxation often become the subject of criticism among taxpayers in the Russian Federation and abroad. From this perspective, the tax for potential income from rental set by Taxation Code of the Russian Federation, paid within the framework of patents system of taxation, is not an exception: in 2019, a Russian taxpayer Sergey Aleksandrovich Glukhov disputed its constitutionality with reference to incompliance to the principles of equality and economic feasibility of taxation. This article provides a comparative-legal analysis of provisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Court of the Unites States dedicated to constitutional principles of taxation: fairness, equality, economic feasibility, adequacy, etc. The author offers an original systemic interpretation of the Russian principle of economic feasibility of taxation and other legal principles, considering their interpretation by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and practice of implementation of the constitutional principles of taxation in the United States. Based in this interpretation, the article gives an alternative assessment to taxation of potential income from rentals, paid within the framework of patent system of taxation in Russia. The conclusion is formulated that due to the principle of separation of powers, the questions of fair and economically feasible allocation of tax burden comprise an exclusive prerogative of legislators.
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Yussupova, S. Sh. "THE DEBATE OF TURKISH THEOLOGIANS ON FEMINISM AND THE RENEWAL OF ISLAM." Bulletin of Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52512/2306-5079-2022-90-2-25-39.
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Intellectual debates about the status of women in Islam have been actively developing since the end of the 19th century, coinciding with the emergence of the first wave of feminism. However, the peak of the debate occurred in the 90s of the 20th century, when researchers from Iran, Egypt, Morocco, Turkey, as well as representatives of the Muslim diaspora in the West, such as Amina Wadud, Ziba Mir-Hosseini, Asma Barlas, etc., were prominent figures defenders of Islamic feminism. Despite the fact that Islamic feminism is one of the important trends of modern world Islamic thought, this phenomenon is little known in the post-Soviet space. Modern theologians of Turkey who support Islamic feminism are published exclusively in Turkish. In this article, the author presents to the Russian-speaking reader the modern intellectual debates of the Turkish theologians Hidayet Tuksal and Ihsan Eliachik regarding anti-capitalist Islam, the status of women in Islam and the attitude to hadith. The materials for the article were collected in 2021 during several personal interviews of the author with Hidayet Tuksal and in 2019 with Ihsan Eliachik, as well as by processing speeches, video lectures, books, articles, dissertations of these theologians. Traditionally minded theologians criticize representatives of Islamic feminism for combining the incongruous, since, according to them, Western-style feminism can have nothing to do with Islam. The debate of Islamic feminism in Turkey originates from the criticism of hadith, the Quran is interpreted from the standpoint of modern human rights and the principles of democracy. According to modern interpretations, it is not necessary for a Muslim woman to cover her head with a headscarf during prayer. If, for example, in traditional Islam, a woman's testimony in court was not equal to a man's, then Islamic feminism equalizes a woman and a man in this matter. Also, the right given to women to conduct Friday prayers in a mosque as an imam, as well as, according to this interpretation of the Quran, that polygamy is not allowed in Islam, has become an actual discussed interpretation.
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Demich, Kyrill I., and Alexander V. Kostyrkin. "ARCHIVED LEXICOGRAPHY: THE GALLEY PROOFS OF THE UNPUBLISHED “GREAT JAPANESE-RUSSIAN CHARACTER DICTIONARY” AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 1 (19) (2022): 204–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2022-1-204-219.
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The inconsistent history of a large-scale lexicographical project of 1930–1940s (under N. I. Konrad, N. A. Nevsky, A. A. Kholodovich) is a remarkable milestone in development of the Far East ideographic languages’ lexicography in our country. The absence of published dictionaries as visible outcome of the lexicographical works poses the main difficulty for historians of science in reconstruction of the period and the treatment of the subject. Fund No. 152 of the Archive of Orientalists of the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences contains a massif of documents, together with other materials illustrating the project in detail, but not offering coherent interpretation in the absence of extra sources, that is lexicographically informative ones, in order to close the gap of the reliable source material. Yet until recently, the historiography of the subject was lacking. The gap could be closed by a unique lexicographical monument discovered in the Institute of Oriental Studies. It should be a copy of the first galley proof portion of the “Great Japanese-Russian Character Dictionary”. The source analysis of the monument and its criticism in the full context of relevant documentary evidence known up to date along with more meaningful interpretation of the data allow for precise qualification of a little-studied decade-long dictionary project in the history of Oriental lexicography and prewar Japan studies in our country. It may be determined that for the first generations of Soviet scholars of Japan the unpublished dictionary appeared to be a kind of school forging a vital link between the pre-Revolution and post-war Soviet lexicography of Japanese language: from D. M. Pozdneyev to N. A. Syromyatnikov.
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Strilchyk, B. A. "THE ONEIRIC TOPOS “SATELLITES” IN A. ZHURAKIVSKII’S NOVEL “SATELITY” AS A LOCUS OF ALLUSIVE-POSTMODERN SIMULATION (ALLUSIONS, QUOTES AND REMINISCENCES IN AMERICAN POPULAR CULTURE)." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word, no. 2(54) (January 22, 2019): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7402-2019-2(54)-413-420.
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This article regards the work “The Satellites” by Andrii Zhurakivskii as an object for literary and psychoanalytical analysis. In the text of this work we have formed the oneiric structure (according to chronotopic division into dream levels and sub-levels, as proposed by plot collisions) and have explicated fragments of ideological and mass-cultural discourse (that episodes being the part of the early 90th popular culture matrix and the ideological scheme of the criticism of capitalism, the methodology offered by Slavoi Zizek have been used), and, furthermore, have been analyzed the parallel «Zhurakivskii-Carroll» as the basis for image and archetype exchange, as well as the basis for creation of the post-modern textual discourse due to parodying, intertextuality, etc. Oneiric space of “The Satellites” by Andrii Zhurakivskii is full of the post-modern artifacts: calques of plot twists here correlates not only with Carroll, but with Tolkien, “The Matrix” by Wachowski brothers and lots of others popular culture phenomena from the late 90th and early 2000th. Thus, textual dream-picture as well is a field, where the post-modern play is held, and oneiric criticism is applicable to this play, as well as ideological, semiotic and psychoanalytic interpretation. Especially important are diffusional elements on the brink of hallucinations and dreams which play initial plot-building role and to some degree indicate the correlation between real and irreal chronotopes (within nonsonscious textual dimensions as well).
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Amanat, Tri. "LICIK ATAU CERDIK? SERANGKAIAN TANGGAPAN DARING KEPADA SI KANCIL/A TRICKY OR CLEVER? THE RESPONSES ON CYBERSPACE TO THE MOUSE DEER." Aksara 32, no. 2 (January 3, 2021): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29255/aksara.v32i2.543.209-222.
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Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tanggapan daring terhadap (cerita) Si Kancil. Data penelitian diambil dari google.id dan google.com pada rentang November 2019—Januari 2020 berbentuk teks-teks tanggapan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teori resepsi pembaca. Tanggapan yang ditemukan berbentuk; interpretasi, kritik sastra, dan konkretisasi. Nada tanggapan berkategori; positif, netral, dan negatif. Tanggapan interpretasi berisi; pengaruh Si Kancil pada pembentukan karakter, implikasi budayanya, nilai-nilai dalam cerita, dan sejarahnya. Tanggapan kritik sastra berupa sorotan adanya kemungkinan pengaruh negatif Si Kancil terhadap karakter pembaca, dan solusi mengatasinya. Tanggapan konkretisasi berbentuk; menerjemahkan dalam bahasa Inggris, transfer media, dan menggubah cerita Si Kancil. Ditemukan kecenderungan orang asing/non-Indonesia lebih bisa menemukan sisi positif dari Si Kancil, dengan cara mengolah cerita Si Kancil sehingga layak dikonsumsi oleh anak-anak. Sebagian penanggap orang Indonesia ada yang menganggap Si Kancil bernilai negatif, ada yang menyarankan untuk menghapus cerita ini, dan ada yang menganggap cerita bangsa lain lebih hebat. Kata kunci: cerita Si Kancil, resepsi pembaca, tanggapan daring Abstract This study aims to examine online responses to the (Kancil) mouse deer. The research data was taken from google.id and google.com in the range of November 2019-January 2020 in the form of response texts. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with reader reception theory. The response found is shaped; interpretation, literary criticism, and concretization. The tone of response categorized; positive, neutral, and negative. Interpretation responses contain; Si Kancil’s in uence on character formation, cultural implications, values in the story, and its history. Literary criticism responses in the form of highlights of the possibility of the negative in uence of the Mouse Deer on the reader’s character, and solutions to overcome them. Concretization response takes the form of; translate in English, transfer media, and compose the story of The Mouse Deer. It was found that the tendency of foreigners / non- Indonesians was more able to nd the positive side of The Mouse Deer, by processing the Mouse Deer’s story so that it was suitable for consumption by children. Some of the Indonesian respondents consider that the Mouse Deer is negative, some suggest removing this story, and some consider the story of other nations to be more powerful. Keywords: The Mouse Deer story, reader reception, online responses
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Hidayat, Wiwit Nurhayati, Amung Ahmad Syahir, and Dina Marliana. "Perkembangan Fatayat NU Kabupaten Subang dalam Bidang Kaderisasi Periode 2015-2020." Historia Madania: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah 4, no. 2 (September 17, 2020): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/hm.v4i2.9499.
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Fatayat NU is one of the Nahdlatul Ulama autonomous bodies. As we know, Nahdlatul Ulama is the largest sosial and religious social organization in Indonesia. Like its parent, Nahdlatul Ulama, now Fatayat NU has branches that are spread in almost every city in Indonesia, one of which is in Subang Regency. This study aims to determine how the history of Fatayat NU and the develompent of Fatayat NU Subang Regency, especially in the field of regeneratios for the 2015-2020 period. The method used this study is a qualitative method, namely by collecting data through literature, documentation and interview. The data analysis technique is done by the heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography methods. The results of the period 2015-2020 Fatayat NU Subang Regency succeeded inaugurating as many as 30 PACs throughout Subang Regency in 2019. Where as previously only 10 PACs were successfully appointed as cadres Fatayat NU Subang Regency.
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Brusotti, Marco. "Die Autonomie des ,souveränen Individuums‘ in Nietzsches Genealogie der Moral." Nietzsche-Studien 48, no. 1 (November 1, 2019): 26–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nietzstu-2019-0003.
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Abstract The second essay of Nietzsche’s Genealogy of Morals introduces the ‘sovereign individual’ as ‘responsible’, ‘autonomous’ and ‘free’. Does this affirmative use of moral terminology reveal an unexpected affinity between Nietzsche’s thought and philosophical modernity? In the last decades, this issue has been at the heart of a vast and controversial debate. My analysis shows that, rather than throwing light on Nietzsche’s general position, the specific use of Kantian terms in this passage of GM is due to a polemical intention. Implicitly, Nietzsche rejects Eduard von Hartmann’s criticism of the ‘absolute sovereignty of the individual’. The author of the Phänomenologie des sittlichen Bewusstseins (1879) sees the most radical herald of this ‘sovereignty’ in Max Stirner. From Nietzsche’s point of view, Hartmann’s rejection and Stirner’s affirmation share a reductive conception of ‘sovereignty’. Reinterpreting and ‘revaluing’ Kant’s moral terminology, Nietzsche aims to give an interpretation of individual sovereignty that is at the same time antithetical to Stirner’s and wholly at odds with Hartmann’s ethical views. In showing this, the paper gives a new answer to an old question; for already in the 1890s, Hartmann himself, accusing Nietzsche of plagiarizing Stirner, raised the issue of the historical relationship between the two philosophers. More generally, the paper shows that Nietzsche employs a specific textual strategy, which consists in taking Kantian terms in an ‘anti-Kantian’ sense and systematically cultivating the art of using ‘a moral formula in a supramoral sense’.
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Sriwati, Sriwati, Rochgiyanti Rochgiyanti, Helmi Akmal, Fathurrahman Fathurrahman, and Jamaludin Jamaludin. "Upaya Borneo Historical Community (BHC) dalam Mengenalkan Situs Bersejarah di Kota Banjarmasin." Ideas: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, dan Budaya 8, no. 4 (November 10, 2022): 1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.32884/ideas.v8i4.1011.
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Borneo Historical Community (BHC) is a history lover community that was founded on November 10, 2019 in Banjarmasin City. Departing from the awareness of the importance of history, this community exists to preserve and instill historical values into the community. Various efforts have been made by BHC to achieve its goals, one of which is through visits to historical sites in the city of Banjarmasin. The purpose of the study was to find out how BHCs efforts were in introducing historical sites in the city of Banjarmasin. The method used in this study uses historical methods consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that BHC made several efforts in order to introduce historical sites in the City of Banjarmasin, including: (1) conducting a survey to obtain information about historical sites in the City of Banjarmasin, (2) making a guide book containing historical sites in the city of Banjarmasin, and (3) conducting guide training for interested BHC members
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Bystrov, Vladimir Y., and Vladimir M. Kamnev. "G. Lukács, “Techeniye” and Stalinism." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 62, no. 7 (October 10, 2019): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2019-62-7-110-123.
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The article discusses the attitude of Georg Lukács and his adherents who formed a circle “Techeniye” (lit. “current”) toward the phenomenon of Stalinism. Despite the political nature of the topic, the authors are aspired to provide an unbiased research. G. Lukács’ views on the theory and practice of Stalinism evolved over time. In the 1920s Lukács welcomes the idea of creation of socialism in one country and abandons the former revolutionary ideas expressed in his book History and Class Consciousness. This turn is grounded by new interpretation of Hegel as “realistic” thinker whose “realism” was shown in the aspiration to find “reconciliation” with reality (of the Prussian state) and in denial of any utopias. The philosophical evolution leading to “realism” assumes integration of revolutionaries into the hierarchy of existing society. The article “Hölderlin’s Hyperion” represents attempt to justify Stalinism as a necessary and “progressive” phase of revolutionary development of the proletariat. Nevertheless, events of the second half of the 1930s (mass repressions, the peace treaty with Nazi Germany) force Lukács to realize the catastrophic nature of political strategy of Stalinism. In his works, Lukács ceases to analyze political topics and concentrates on problems of aesthetics and literary criticism. However, his aesthetic position allows to reconstruct the changed political views and to understand why he had earned the reputation of the “internal opponent” to Stalinism. After 1956, Lukács turns to political criticism of Stalinism, which nevertheless remains unilateral. He sees in Stalinism a kind of the left sectarianism, the theory and practice of the implementation of civil war measures in the era of peaceful co-existence of two systems.
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Nilsson, Ola. "Legislative pressure and credit rating agency behavior." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 11, no. 2 (2021): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv11i2p5.
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This study investigates whether legislative pressure influences credit rating agency (CRA) behavior. It covers a time period in which the European Union moves from exerting minimal to intense legislative pressure on CRAs, providing an almost ideal context for analyzing if and how CRAs are affected by this pressure. Two possible outcomes are discussed: 1) more timeliness in the flow of information and 2) more stickiness in the flow of information. The analysis is based on an examination of market reactions following CRA announcements between 2000 and 2019. The results show that the market reactions after CRA announcements decrease when legislative pressure increases. The interpretation is that as legislative pressure increases, the flow of information from CRAs becomes stickier. This confirms that legislative initiatives that put pressure on CRAs have an effect, evidence that legislators’ intention to change behavior by threatening or initiating new regulations works, which confirms assumptions underlying the theory of legislative threats (Halfteck, 2008). A reasonable interpretation of legislators’ push for changes in this context is that they want to see a faster flow of information. The results, however, show the opposite. A plausible explanation for this is increased caution on the part of CRAs because if in retrospect, the information in an announcement turns out to be wrong or misleading, the ensuing criticism could lead to additional pressure.
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Valikova, Olga A., and Uldanai M. Bakhtikireeva. "A. Zhaksylykov’s novel “Singing Stones” in aspect of the literary domain theory." RUDN Journal of Studies in Literature and Journalism 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9220-2019-24-4-633-648.
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The authors of the article believe that the symbolic systems to which the language belongs form structured databases in a certain way - domains that develop according to specifi c rules and aff ect the culture of a language community. According to the hypothesis of the research presented in the paper, Russian-language literature is a special cultural domain generated by the ethnogenetic (in this case, Kazakh) and canonical (Russian) fi elds of culture. It was found that at the crossroads of cultures - and literatures - a new aesthetic phenomenon is being formed, which modern literary criticism has yet to describe. The main objectives of the study included interpretation of the text by the method of hermeneutic commentary, elimination of linguocultural lacunae, and complex poetic analysis. The research material was the fi rst pentalogy novel by A. Zhaksylykov “Dreams of the Damned” - “Singing Stones”. The authors conclude that modern Russian literature gravitates not so much to the Russian (in the strict sense of the term) language fi eld as to the Russophonic or translingual fi eld, using the term by professor Steven Kellman.
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Chura, Yu O. "SEMANTIC FEATURES OF TRANSLATION OF GERMAN FRAZEOLOGISMSIN HISTORICAL TRAGEDY OF RUDOLF VON GOTTSHALL “MAZEPA” IN Y. FEDKOVICH’S INTERPRETATION." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word, no. 3(55) (April 12, 2019): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7402-2019-3(55)-166-174.
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The article deals with the most famous of German-speaking Mazepa-works of the nineteenth century – the historical tragedy of R. Gottschal’s "Mazepa" and its Ukrainian translation by Yu. Fedkovich. An overview of the critical reception of the German-speaking Mazepa-works proves that the work has received the greatest resonance in Ukrainian literary criticism. In addition, the historical tragedy is the only German-language work on Hetman translated into Ukrainian by Yurij Fedkovich. Among the most important factors of Y. Fedkovych's appeal to work on the historical tragedy is the Ukrainian theme from the past of our people.
The analysis of the Ukrainian language version is based on the following criteria for the adequacy of the translation: the translation of realities, in particular, military terminology and ranks of the Cossack army; idioms; reproduction of author syntax and style; observance of the equilibrium of the original work. The article is based on the identification of priorities in the use of expressive means.
As a result of comparison of realities, it was discovered that most of the time Y. Fedkovych made a contextual translation or found a situational collocation that was understandable to the people. Military ranks and attributes of the Cossack army were translated with the help of hyperonymic renaming, which testifies to the priority of the principle of historical authenticity in Y. Fedkovych's approach as a bearer of language.
It was made possible to describe the features of the creative manner and the individual author’s style of Y. Fedkovych’s translation, embodied in his interpretation of German tragedy.
The role of the historical tragedy of R. von Gottschal in promoting the German-speaking Mazepa-works is decisive. Y. Fedkovich's translation remains the only Ukrainian-language version among a number of numerous German-language works devoted to Ivan Mazepa.
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Naumov, Anatoly. "The Theory of Criminal Law Should Not Be Reduced to the Analysis and Criticism of Criminal Legislation." Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS 14, no. 1 (March 14, 2019): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.35427/2073-4522-2019-14-1-naumov.
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In both normative and sociological senses criminal law includes three components — criminal legislation, judicial practice, and criminal law doctrine, and the development of this branch of law is possible only in their unity. The criminal law doctrine is to a certain extent superior to the other components of the "triad" and involves the development of the branch’s principles, goals and objectives. At the same time, the improvement of criminal law is not the only goal of the theory of criminal law. It should not be limited only to criticism of the current legislation and proposals for its improvement. However, the vast majority of modern domestic criminal law publications, such as monographs, articles in legal periodicals, dissertations, are devoted to criticism of the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Indeed, the current criminal law is not perfect, but the "imbalance" of research into the "law-making" side significantly reduces the scope of criminal law doctrine. And there will always be demand for theoretical studies on the analysis of the subject and method, system and objectives of criminal law, its sources.Debatable, for example, still is the issue of the legal nature of the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and, in particular, the judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court are a special kind of judicial interpretation and a fairly reliable tool for the courts to understand "the letter of the criminal law" and it’s applicability to the particular case. As for the assessment of the legal nature of the judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, the criminal law doctrine often fails to notice that they touch upon the methodological problems of the theory of criminal law. In relation to a number of criminal law prohibitions, judgments of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation are a source of criminal law, along with the Criminal Code. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation specified the most important principle of criminal law — the principle of legality and clarified the characteristics of criminality of socially dangerous acts prohibited by criminal law, which is directly related to the issue of criminal liability. In this sense, the Constitutional Court formulated a new and important addition to the content of the principle of legality — the certainty of criminal law rules, and, first of all, the criminal law prohibitions. Thus, the judicial authority overtook the criminal law doctrine in solving one of the most important issues for criminal proceedings.
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NEFEDOV, SERGEY. "TOWARDS A DISCUSSION ABOUT THE CAUSES OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND THE STANDARD OF LIVING IN THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURIES." History and Modern Perspectives 4, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2022-4-3-51-58.
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The article is devoted to the discussion between «pessimists» and «optimists» about the causes of the Russian revolution of 1917-1922. «Pessimists» traditionally believe that the main reason for the revolution was the low standard of living of the masses. «Optimists» argue that the economy of the Russian Empire progressed rapidly, and the level of consumption gradually increased. The next stage in this discussion was the book by B. N. Mironov «Russian Modernization and Revolution» published in 2019. In the new book, B.N. Mironov declares the development of Russia an «economic miracle» and cites 12 signs of this «miracle». In 2022, the Sociological History magazine held a round table discussion on Mironov's book and published the author's responses to critical statements made in the same issue. The article is devoted to the analysis of this criticism and the answers of the author of the book. It is shown that Mironov's argumentation is largely based on the use of unreliable yield statistics and an erroneous interpretation of the results of anthropometric measurements.
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Mousa, Keyhanee. "Muhammad(S) And Paul On Jesus: A Comparative Study Of Two Sacred Pillars." West East Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (August 15, 2019): 164–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36739/wejss.2019.v8.i2.26.
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This comparative study of Islam and Christianity struggled to reveal the mutual meaningful expressions of God, the creator. The main question to which the article tried to answer is: Who is Jesus Christ for Paul and Muhammad(s)? The significance of countering to this question is being revealed much more through the contemporary issues of hate, and delusions that are influencing all believers in one God. Questioning the human nature and the Lordship of Christ looks like a barrier in dialogues between Islam and Christianity. So, as its primary purpose, Jesus, as the Lord from Paul’s perspective and Isa al-Masih, the son of Maryam from Muhammad’s(s) viewpoint, will be compared through different methods. Like the spiritual interpretation of Joel S. Goldsmith, in which the monotheistic presupposition (worshipping only one God), will implant the axial direction of the examination of the Bible and the Quran. Moreover, through historical criticism, the article will try to clarify the origins of faith in Pauline Christology compare to the doctrine of Tawhid from the Quran and the origin of the Quranic accounts of Christ. Also, through a feminist analysis, the essay will have a critical look at maleness of titles of God in Christianity. In this way, the historical analysis will display the urge of accepting the Quran as the Incarnated word of God for Islam and the importance of Paul as the best witness for Christ. By spiritual interpretation, the meaning of the “form” and the “face” of God in Christianity, and “face”, and the “Rope” of Allah and Al-Rahman in the Quran will validate a mutual notion of divinity for all believers. Also, through the feminist approach framed in the text of the Bible and the Quran, this research will spot the sexless status of the Incarnated Christ after the resurrection, the one who is the Lord of all now, even if is being praised in the new name of Al-Rahman. Thus, in conclusion, this article will suggest mutual findings in Quranic and Biblical Christology and will be ended by spotting the incarnation of the word of God, as the best point of starting a fruitful dialogue between Islam and Christianity.
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Ulul Azmi, Nana Auliana Marantika,. "PERUBAHAN ARSITEKTUR RUMAH MASYARAKAT DESA MUARA MADRAS KECAMATAN JANGKAT KABUPATEN MERANGIN 1977 – 2019." Istoria: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Batanghari 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/istoria.v4i1.72.
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AbstractThis study aims to (1) find out the factors that influence changes in traditional house architecture in Muara Madras Village, Jangkat District, Merangin District, and (2) determine the dynamics of changes that occur in traditional houses in Muara Madras Village, Jangkat District, Merangin District. The research method used is the historical method including the stages of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The sources used in the form of literature studies, documents, archives and interviews. The house is a place to live, live, eat, sleep, indulge as well as chatting with family. The community of Muara Madras Village as time goes by always adjusts the situation around them. For example home. When family members have increased, the family renovates the house so that it can always be with the family. These changes are also in line with the community's economy that has developed so that to rebuild or just renovate people's homes do not need to wait a long time. Without realizing it by the community that the architecture of people's homes has changed often times have changed.Keywords: Architectural ChangeAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan pada arsitektur rumah tradisional di Desa Muara Madras Kecamatan Jangkat Kabupaten Merangin,dan (2) mengetahui dinamika perubahan yang terjadi pada rumah tradisional Desa Muara Madras Kecamatan Jangkat Kabupaten Merangin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah adalah metode sejarah meliputi tahapan heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sumber yang digunakan berupa studi literatur, dokumen, arsip serta wawancara. Rumah merupakan tempat untuk tinggal, hidup, makan, tidur, beraktifitas serta bercengkrama dengan keluarga. Masyarakat Desa Muara Madras seiring berputarnya waktu selalu menyesuaikan keadaan di sekitar mereka. Contohnya rumah. Ketika anggota keluarga sudah bertambah maka keluarga tersebut merenovasi rumah agar selalu dapat bercengkrama dengan keluarga. Perubahan tersebut juga seiring dengan ekonomi masyarakat yang sudah berkembang sehingga untuk membengun atau hanya sekedar merenovasi rumah masyarakat tidak perlu menunggu waktu yang lama. Tanpa disadari oleh masyarakat bahwa arsitektur rumah masyarakat sudah berububah sering waktu yang telah berganti.Kata kunci: Perubahan Arsitektur
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Vansweevelt, Thierry, Steven Lierman, and Wannes Buelens. "No-fault Law on Medical Accidents in Belgium: An Evaluation after Six Years." Journal of European Tort Law 10, no. 3 (January 10, 2020): 257–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jetl-2019-0122.
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AbstractAfter many years of criticism of the medical malpractice system based on negligence, Belgium introduced a law on medical accidents in March 2010. This law created a Medical Accidents Fund. Under this two-track system the victim of a medical accident has the choice to file a claim before the court or to seek compensation from the Fund. The Law on Medical Accidents has four objectives: (1) to create a Fund with a simple and fast procedure that is cost-free to access, (2) to channel and centralise all medical accident claims to the Fund, and to develop a prevention strategy, (3) to compensate more victims by introducing a personal right to compensation for medical accident victims without the need to consider liability, and finally, (4) to achieve a balanced budget. A medical accident without liability can be defined as an accident caused by healthcare which does not lead to the liability of a caregiver, does not result from the patient’s health condition and causes abnormal damage to the patient. The damage is abnormal if it was not supposed to occur given the current state of scientific knowledge, the patient’s health condition and its objectively predictable evolution. Following analysis of the new law, this study shows that it has created a single, central point of contact that is easily accessible and generally understood by medical accident victims. On average fifty new cases a month are submitted to the Fund. In a reasonable number of cases to date, liability of the caregiver has been accepted by the Fund. However, the Fund is rather strict in awarding no-fault compensation for medical accidents without liability. It remains to be seen whether this interpretation can resist the test of judicial review.
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Hikmah, Hasyrotul, Moh Ali Fadillah, and Arif Permana Putra. "Industri Rumah Tangga Gula Aren Semut di Desa Hariang Kecamatan Sobang Kabupaten Lebak, 1999-2019." Fajar Historia: Jurnal Ilmu Sejarah dan Pendidikan 6, no. 1 (June 25, 2022): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/fhs.v6i1.5528.
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This study aims to determine the development of the palm sugar home industry and its impact on the socio-economic life of the Hariang Village community in 1999-2019. The method used is the historical method, including heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that Hariang Village is one of the largest palm sugar producing villages in Sobang District. This is supported by abundant natural resources and the community's profession as farmers or palm sugar craftsmen. The economic growth of the Hariang Village community is due to the innovation of changing the form of printed palm sugar into ant palm sugar as a more durable product. Printed palm sugar craftsmen cooperate with the palm sugar industry of daily ants to improve the strata of socio-economic life. The palm sugar industry, which has existed since 1999, has developed and demand for palm sugar comes from Tangerang and Jakarta, palm sugar exports to foreign countries such as Australia, America, Malaysia, South Korea, Japan and Switzerland.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan industri rumah tangga gula aren semut dan dampaknya terhadap kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat Desa Hariang tahun 1999-2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, meliputi heuristik, kritik sumber, intepretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Desa Hariang menjadi salah satu desa penghasil gula aren terbesar di Kecamatan Sobang. Hal ini didukung dengan sumber daya alam yang melimpah serta profesi masyarakat sebagai petani atau pengrajin gula aren cetak. Pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat Desa Hariang disebabkan adanya inovasi perubahan bentuk gula aren cetak menjadi gula aren semut sebagai produk yang lebih awet. Pengrajin gula aren cetak melakukan kerjasama dengan industri gula aren semut hariang untuk meningkatkan strata kehidupan sosial ekonomi. Industri gula aren semut hariang yang ada sejak tahun 1999 mengalami perkembangan dan permintaan gula aren semut berasal dari daerah Tangerang dan Jakarta, gula aren semut hariang melakukan ekspor ke luar negeri seperti Australia, Amerika, Malaysia, Korea Selatan, Jepang, dan Swiss.
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Naude, Tjakie, and Elizabeth De Stadler. ""Innovative Orders" Under the South African Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (April 25, 2019): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a5108.
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This article considers section 4(2)(b) of the South African Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (hereafter the CPA), which grants a power to courts and the National Consumer Tribunal to make "appropriate orders to give practical effect to the consumer's right of access to redress", including, but not limited to, "any innovative order that better advances, protects, promotes and assures the realisation by consumers of their rights" in terms of the CPA (in addition to any order provided for in the CPA). First, a brief overview of the provisions on interpretation of the CPA is given, to give context to the interpretation of the power of the courts to make innovative orders. Thereafter, instances are discussed where it is undoubtedly clear that innovative orders are needed, that is, where the CPA creates a right without a remedy. Examples are the consumer's right to receive delivery of the goods or performance of the services within a reasonable time where no time for performance was agreed upon, and the consumer's right to assume that "the supplier has the legal right, or the authority of the legal owner", to supply the goods. This part includes analysis and criticism of the only reported decision which discusses the delineation of the power to grant innovative orders, and which unjustifiably refused to grant such an order in respect of the consumer's right that the goods supplied "remain useable and durable for a reasonable time".
The article then considers situations where there is no clear gap in the CPA such as a right without a remedy, but the CPA is nevertheless ambiguous and policy considerations call for an innovative order. This part gives an example of a case where the National Consumer Tribunal briefly referred to section 4(2)(b) on innovative orders in support of a new rule on the suspension of prescription (time limitation) not recognised in the text of the CPA. Part 5 of the article considers the types of orders that were probably envisaged by the legislature when drafting section 4(2)(b) on innovative orders, such as publicity and compliance programme orders, which serve to increase the effectiveness and preventative effect of orders on prohibited conduct. This part of the article considers legislation from the United Kingdom on such orders, which is referred to as "enhanced consumer measures".