Journal articles on the topic '1926-'

Впервые представлены показатели воспроизводства населения Алтайской и Новониколаевской губерний с целью охарактеризовать развитие демографического перехода после Первой мировой и Гражданской войн в 1920-1927 гг. Были сделаны выводы, что демографические кризисы не остановили поступательный процесс демографического перехода, а лишь на время прервали его. Коэффициенты рождаемости в губернии были сверхвысокими, коэффициенты смертности до 1926 г. были выше «нормы», тенденция снижения смертности наметилась лишь к 1927 г. Определены причины изменений численности населения, наивысший рост численности пришелся на 1926 г., минимальный уровень наблюдался в 1920-1922 гг. Показатели брачности в 1920-1924 г. были стабильно высокими, средний показатель был выше 10%о. С 1925 г. интенсивность брачности снизилась, но средний показатель в 1925-1927 гг. оставался выше среднего (8,7%), брачность была высокой, как следствие, с 1923 г. мы наблюдаем увеличение прироста населения губерний. Хронологические рамки охватывают 1920-1927 гг. Выбор нижней границы связан с возможностью сравнить самые кризисные эпидемические коэффициенты 1920-1922 гг. с «нестабильными» послевоенными. Верхняя граница — 1927 г. — определяется значительным снижением коэффициента смертности в обеих губерниях. В работе выдвинуты следующие задачи: на основе архивных документов определить изменения численности и режима воспроизводства населения губернии; выявить отличия в воспроизводстве населения Новониколаевской и Алтайской губерний. Метод вычисления общих коэффициентов воспроизводства населения и табличный метод применялись во всей работе.

Pierwszym kółkiem rolniczym w Szadku było powstałe w 1906 r. Kółko Rolnicze im. Stanisława Staszica założone z inicjatywy właściciela dóbr Wola Krokocka, Jerzego Karola Kurnatowskiego, które jednak ze względu na brak wsparcia finansowego wkrótce upadło. W 1907 r. z inicjatywy właściciela majątku ziemskiego w Prusinowicach, Kazimierza Czarnowskiego, w Szadku powstało większe i dysponujące środkami finansowymi kółko rolnicze, które działało w strukturach Centralnego Towarzystwa Rolniczego i podlegało najpierw terenowemu gubernialnemu oddziałowi tego towarzystwa w Kaliszu, a następnie powiatowemu oddziałowi w Sieradzu. W latach 1907–1926 kolejnymi prezesami kółka rolniczego byli: Kazimierz Czarnowski (1907–1908), ks. Stanisław Mirecki (1908–1911), Franciszek Paczkowski (1911–1914), Hoppe (1914–1920), Jan Wróblewski (1920–1922), Adam Nencki (1923–1925), Stanisław Leopold (1925) i Michał Zabłocki (od 1926). Działalność kółka koncentrowała się na modernizacji i odbudowie rolnictwa przy wsparciu ziemiaństwa i duchowieństwa.

The study deals with the net-winged beetle genus Cautires Waterhouse, 1879, which is distributed mainly in the rain forests of the Oriental region. We discuss morphology and relationships among Oriental Metriorrhynchini and we propose Bulenides Waterhouse, 1879 to be a junior subjective synonym of Cautires Waterhouse, 1879. Almost all species previously classified in Bulenides were studied, transferred to Cautires and they were placed in C. obsoletus and C. pauper groups, both proposed here. The C. obsoletus species group from Indo-Burma is reviewed and seven species, which are new to science, are described: Cautires bolavensis sp. n. (Laos), C. matsudai sp. n. (Thailand), C. kundratai sp. n. (Thailand), C. dembickyi sp. n. (India), C. hergovitsi sp. n. (Laos), C. jendeki sp. n. (Laos), and C. yunnanus sp. n. (China). These species are placed in the Cautires obsoletus group. C. testaceus (Pic, 1921) and C. regalis (Kleine, 1929) from the same region are redescribed and also placed in the C. obsoletus group. A key to the C. obsoletus species group from Indo-Burma is presented, and their distribution and biology are briefly discussed. The following new combinations are proposed for the species transferred from Bulenides and placed in the Cautires obsoletus group: Cautires adventicius (Kleine, 1926), comb. n., C. apicalis (Pic, 1925), comb. n., C. ater (Pic, 1921), comb. n., C. atropunctatus (Pic, 1925), comb. n., C. basilanus (Pic, 1925), comb. n., C. adumbratus (Kleine, 1926), comb. n., C. aterrimus (Kleine, 1926), comb. n., C. bicoloratus (Kleine, 1930), comb. n., C. coccineus (Kleine, 1930), comb. n., C. cognatus (Bourgeois, 1883), comb. n., C. corporaali (Pic, 1921), comb. n., C. duplicatus (Kleine, 1928), comb. n., C. imitator (Kleine, 1930), comb. n., C. inhumeralis (Pic, 1921), comb. n., C. javanicus (Bourgeois, 1883), comb. n., C. lineatus (Pic, 1921), comb. n., C. longissimus (Pic, 1921), comb. n., C. obsoletus (Waterhouse, 1878), comb. n., C. nebulosus (Kleine, 1930), comb. n., C. nigromaculatus (Pic, 1925), comb. n., C. pudicus (Kleine, 1931), comb. n., C. purpureus (Pic, 1922), comb. n., C. regalis (Kleine, 1929), comb. n., C. reticulatus (Kleine, 1930), comb. n., C. rianganus (Pic, 1925), comb. n., C. sijthoffi (Kleine, 1926), comb. n., C. singularithorax (Pic, 1925), comb. n., C. testaceus (Pic, 1921), comb. n., and C. triangularis (Kleine, 1930), comb. n. The following species are transferred to the Cautires pauper group: C. pauper (Waterhouse, 1878), comb. n., C. arens (Kleine, 1926), comb. n., C. argilosus (Kleine, 1926), comb. n., C. lyciformis (Kleine, 1932), comb. n., C. malayensis (Kleine, 1930), comb. n., C. nigricolor (Pic, 1925), comb. n., and C. turbidus (Waterhouse, 1878), comb. n. Several species are transferred to Cautires without an assignment to the species group: C. aridus (Kleine, 1926), comb. n., C. basalis (Pic, 1925), comb. n., C. dubius (Waterhouse, 1878), comb. n., C. flavoreticulatus (Kleine, 1932), comb. n., C. longeareolatus (Kleine, 1936), comb. n., C. papuanus (Kleine, 1935), comb. n., C. philippinensis (Kleine, 1930), comb. n., C. socius (Kleine, 1935), comb. n. Several homonyms in Cautires resulted from new combinations and new names are proposed: Cautires pseudoapicalis nom. n. (for Cautires apicalis Kleine, 1926 preoccupied by Cautires apicalis (Pic, 1925)), Cautires borneensis nom. n. (for Cautires bicoloratus Kleine, 1932 preoccupied by Cautires bicoloratus (Kleine, 1930)), Cautires sundaicus nom. n. (for Cautires javanicus Kleine, 1927 preoccupied by Cautires javanicus (Bourgeois, 1883)), Cautires fruhstorferi nom. nov. (for Cautires lineatus (Pic, 1921) preoccupied by Cautires lineatus (Hope in Gray, 1831)), Cautires slamatensis nom. nov. (for Cautires obsoletus Kleine, 1926 preoccupied by Cautires obsoletus (Waterhouse, 1878)), Cautires kinabalensis nom. nov. (for Cautires lyciformis (Kleine, 1932) preoccupied by Cautires lyciformis Pic, 1922), Cautires johannesi nom. n. (for Cautires nigricolor (Pic, 1925) preoccupied by Cautires nigricolor Pic, 1922), Cautires africanus nom. n. (for Cautires reticulatus Kleine, 1930 preoccupied by Cautires reticulatus (Kleine, 1930)), Cautires congoensis nom. n. (for Cautires triangularis Kleine, 1930 preoccupied by Cautires reticulatus (Kleine, 1930)).

The elateriform family Callirhipidae Emden, 1924 is catalogued. The family contains 14 genus-group taxa, of which 10 are currently considered as valid and four as synonyms. The family contains 214 available species-group names, of which 175 represent currently valid species and subspecies, and 39 are synonyms. For each taxon, all references known to the author are listed. For species-group taxa, type locality, type material, current status and known distribution are given. Lists of unavailable names and taxa excluded from the family Callirhipidae are presented. A systematic checklist of the family is appended. The following new synonyms are proposed: Simianus Blanchard, 1853 = Simianellus Emden, 1924 syn. nov.; Callirhipis javanica Laporte de Castelnau, 1834 = Callirhipis impressicollis Fairmaire, 1887 syn. nov. = Callirhipis armitagei Pic, 1916 syn. nov. = Callirhipis angustata Pic, 1943 syn. nov.; Callirhipis lineata Waterhouse, 1877 = Callirhipis ruficollis Pic, 1943 syn. nov.; Callirhipis separata Gemminger, 1869 = Simianellus bicolor costatus Emden, 1932 syn. nov.; Callirhipis sirambea Pic, 1921 = Callirhipis (Helleriola) henrikseni Emden, 1934 syn. nov.; Callirhipis suturalis Waterhouse, 1877 = Callirhipis scutellata Fairmaire, 1887 syn. nov. = Callirhipis aureoscutata Pic, 1938 syn. nov.; Callirhipis tonkinea Pic, 1907 = Callirhipis tonkinea var. diversa Pic, 1926 syn. nov.; Celadonia hoodii (Saunders, 1834) = Callirhipis laportei var. notaticollis Pic, 1912 syn. nov.; Ennometes cribratus (Waterhouse, 1877) = Simianus cribripennis Fairmaire, 1893 syn. nov.; Ennometes impressiceps Pic, 1922 = Ennometes ruficornis Pic, 1943 syn. nov.; Simianus terminatus Fairmaire, 1887 = Simianus pyrochroides Pic, 1921 syn. nov. = Simianus pyrochroides var. lateniger Pic, 1925 syn. nov. Callirhipis hoodii Saunders, 1834 is designated as the type species of the genus Celadonia Laporte de Castelnau, 1840. Revised and new statuses are here proposed for the following taxa: Callirhipis (Cal- lirhipis) impressa Montrouzier, 1857 stat. revalid.; Callirhipis (Callirhipis) samoensis Pic, 1921 stat. revalid.; Ennometes cerrutii (Pic, 1927) stat. revalid.; Ennometes ruficeps Pic, 1926 stat. nov. from Ennometes rouyeri var. ruficeps; Celadonia bocourti Pic, 1927 stat. nov. from Simianides laportei var. Bocourti; Simianus diversicornis Pic, 1925 stat. nov. from Simianus pyrochroides var. diversicornis; Simianus reductus Pic, 1925 stat. nov. from Simianus pyrochroides var. reductus. The new replacement name Callirhipis (Parennometes) pici Hájek, nom. nov. is proposed for Callirhipis costata Pic, 1927, preoccupied by C. costata Waterhouse, 1877. The following new combinations are established: Callirhipis (Ennometidium) impressiceps (Pic, 1922) comb. nov. from Ennometes; Callirhipis (Ennometidium) obscura (Pic, 1927) comb. nov. from Ennometes; Callirhipis (Parennometes) carolinensis Blair, 1940 comb. nov. from Callirhipis s. str.; Callirhipis (subgenus ?) pauloplicatus (Pic, 1943) comb. nov. from Simianus; Celadonia bicolor (Laporte de Castelnau, 1834) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Celadonia gounellei (Pic, 1916) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Celadonia hoodii (Saunders, 1834) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Celadonia laportei nigroimpressa (Pic, 1950) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Celadonia luteonotata (Pic, 1907) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Celadonia scapularis (Laporte de Castelnau, 1834) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Ennometes incertus (Emden, 1936) comb. nov. from Callirhipis (Parennometes); Ennometes onoi (Blair, 1940) comb. nov. from Callirhipis (Parennom- etes); Ennometes tarsalis (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus basalis (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus bicolor (Fairmaire, 1893) comb. nov. from Homoeorhipis; Simianus bituberculatus (Schultze, 1915) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus bituberculatus dilatatus (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus confusus (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus croceosellatus (Fairmaire, 1887) comb. nov. from Homoeorhipis; Simianus cyaneicollis (Waterhouse, 1877) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus globicollis (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus incisus (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus laetus (Waterhouse, 1877) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus latepunctatus (Pic, 1943) comb. nov. from Ennometes; Simianus maculaticeps (Pic, 1921) comb. nov. from Homoeorhipis; Simianus malaccanus (Pic, 1916) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus melanocephalus (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus mesomelaenus (Fairmaire, 1887) comb. nov. from Homoeorhipis; Simianus nigripennis (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus nigriventralis (Schultze, 1915) comb. nov. from Simianel-lus; Simianus obscurus (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus obscurus sikkimensis (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus palawanicus (Emden, 1932) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus pascoei (Waterhouse, 1895) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Simianus ruber (Pic, 1929) comb. nov. from Horatocera; Simianus separatus (Gemminger, 1869) comb. nov. from Callirhipis; Simianus thoracicus (Emden, 1924) comb. nov. from Simianellus; Simianus ustus (Fairmaire, 1887) comb. nov. from Homoeorhipis. Lectotypes are designated for the following taxa: Callirhipis angustata Pic, 1943; Callirhipis armitagei Pic, 1916; Callirhipis aureoscutata Pic, 1938; Callirrhipis cribrata Waterhouse, 1877; Callirhipis hoodii Saunders, 1834; Callirhipis (Helleriola) henrikseni Emden, 1934; Callirhipis javanica Laporte de Castelnau, 1834; Callirhipis lineata Waterhouse, 1877; Callirhipis orientalis Laporte de Castelnau, 1834; Callirhipis ruficollis Pic, 1943; Callirrhipis sirambeus Pic, 1921; Callirhipis suturalis Waterhouse, 1877; Callirhipis tonkinea Pic, 1907; Callirhipis tonkinea var. diversa Pic, 1926; Ennometes impressiceps Pic, 1922; Ennometes ruficornis Pic, 1943; Simianus pyrochroides Pic, 1921 and Simianus pyrochroides var. lateniger Pic, 1925.

In this article the main attention of the author is devoted to the problem of the decisive influence of the Communist International and its tactic “the united workers front” (1921—1928) on the policy of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) towards the Labour Party, the British Congress of Trade-Unions and the first Labour Government (1924). The author also examines the influence of Comintern on the activity of the CPGB before parliament elections of 1922, 1923, 1924 and during the General Strike of 1926.

Raksts veltīts Rīgas Politehniskā institūta (RPI) absolventa (1900) agronoma Borisa Jenkena (Борис Карлович Єнкен; 1873–1943) dzīvei un radošajam mantojumam. B. Jenkens bija Ukrainas nacionālās lauksaimniecības organizators, zinātnieks, selekcionārs, pedagogs, vēsturnieks un agrārās zināt- nes bibliogrāfs. Pētījums veikts, izmantojot maz zināmus un nesen plašākai publikai lietošanai nodotus dokumentus Krievijas Federācijas un Ukrainas arhīvos, kā arī monogrāfijas un publikācijas periodiskajos izdevumos. Rakstā analizēti zinātnieka dzīves un darbības periodi, kas skar nacionālās lauksaimniecības izmēģinājumu organizāciju un ieviešanu galvenokārt selekcijas un sēklaudzēšanas jomā. Akcents likts uz B. Jenkena zinātniski pedagoģisko darbību Ukrainā: Harkovā (1908–1919; 1925–1926; 1930), Odesā (1924), Maslovkā (1927–1929) un Kijevā (1928–1929).

The available information about the cleptoparasitic bees of the genus Sphecodes in Southeast Asia is summarized. Thirty-one species are currently known from this area. Four new species are described: Sphecodes discoverlifei Astafurova & Proshchalykin, sp. nov. (Laos), S. engeli Astafurova & Proshchalykin, sp. nov. (Laos, Vietnam), S. ilyadadaria Astafurova, sp. nov. (Indonesia), and S. pseudoredivivus Astafurova & Proshchalykin, sp. nov. (Laos). Nine species are newly recorded from South East Asia: S. chaprensis Blüthgen, 1927 (Laos), S. howardi Cockerell, 1922 (Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand), S. kershawi Perkins, 1921 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand), S. laticeps Meyer, 1920 (Thailand, Vietnam), S. montanus Smith, 1879 (Laos), S. sauteri Meyer, 1925 (Laos), S. sikkimensis Blüthgen, 1927 (Laos, Myanmar), S. simlaensis Blüthgen, 1924 (Laos), and S. turneri Cockerell, 1916 (Laos). Based on type specimens, new synonymies have been proposed for Sphecodes kershawi Perkins, 1921 = S. javanensis Blüthgen, 1927, syn. nov.; S. simlaensis Blüthgen, 1924 = S. simlaellus Blüthgen, 1927, syn. nov.; S. laticeps Meyer, 1920 = S. biroi mariae Cockerell, 1930, syn. nov. Lectotypes are designated for Sphecodes biroi Friese, 1909, S. simlaellus Blüthgen, 1927, and S. laticeps Meyer, 1920. The female of Sphecodes sauteri Meyer, 1925, and the male of S. turneri Cockerell, 1916 are described for the first time.

The complex creative history of M. Gorky’s novel “The Life of Klim Samgin” is characterized by the constant development of his original idea, which was the result of a writer’s deep artistic and philosophical understanding of the changing sociohistorical context. This process took place in parallel with Gorky’s work on the novel. During his stay in Sorrento, Gorky gave several interviews to the Italian press (in 1926, 1927 and 1928), which were devoted to the writer’s work on “The Life of Klim Samgin”. These are the following interviews: the interview “Maxim Gorky and his new novel “Researcherˮ for newspaper Il Mezzogiorno on March 23–24, 1926; the interview “Gorky’s new novel” — to Corriere della Sera on January 29, 1927, reprinted by Il Giornale d’Italia on January 30, 1927 under the title “Gorky writes a great historical novel in Sorrento”; the interview “At Maxim Gorky’s Sorrento asylum. A conversation with the writer about his new novel “Forty Yearsˮ — to the newspaper Il Messaggerо on June 5, 1927 (its summary was published by Corriere della Sera on June 6, 1927); the interview “Maxim Gorky’s sixtieth birthday” — to the newspaper Il Messaggero on March 30, 1928. During these three years, the writer created the first (winter 1924–1925 or spring 1925 — the end of June 1926) and the second (summer 1926 — the end of February 1928) parts of the “Life of Klim Samgin”. The writer’s interviews reflected the gradual clarification of the time, setting and the scope of the novel, its title, volume and structure, the psychological type and the occupation of the main character.

[Reza Khan] seemed to me a strong and fearless man who had his country's good at heart. —Sir Edmund Ironside, recalling late 1920 Reza… has never spoken for himself, nor… [his] Government… but only on behalf of his country… —Sir Percy Loraine, January 1922 He is secretive, suspicious and ignorant; he appears wholly unable to grasp the realities of the situation or to realise the force of the hostility he has aroused. —Harold Nicolson, September 1926 I fear we can do nothing to humanise this bloodthirsty lunatic. —Sir Robert Vansittart, December 1933 Born in obscurity about 1878 and soon orphaned, Reza Pahlavi enlisted at fifteen in a Russian-officered Cossack brigade. Rising through the ranks, he provided force for a February 1921 coup d'état, seizing power for journalist Sayyid Zia alDin Tabatabai. Reza Khan provided strength in the new government and rose from army commander to minister of war (April 1921) to prime minister (1923) and, after failing to make a republic in 1924, to the throne in 1925. As shah he ruled with increasingly arbitrary power until Britain and Russia deposed him in 1941. He died in exile in 1944.

The article investigates periodicals of Ukrainian students in the Czechoslovakia in the 1920s and 1930s — reveals 19 titles of journals that were published in the cities of the largest concentration of academic youth: Prague, Podebrady, and Brno. A list of these publications in alphabetical order, indicating the place of publication and the years of publication, is given in Appendix 1. All of these journals were reviewed de visu and analyzed for biographical publications on Ukrainians who died and were buried in the Czechoslovak Republic. The following materials have been found on the pages of five student publications, namely: «Ukrainsky Student» (Prague, 1920, 1922—1924) — contains 3 publications, «Studentsky Vistnyk» (Prague, 1923—1931) — 15, «Zhyttia» (Prague, 1924—1926) — 1, «Nasha Hromada» (Podebrady, 1924—1926) — 7, and «Natsionalna Dumka» (Prague, 1924—1927) — 5 publications. The deceased’s information was mostly printed in obituaries with more or less detailed biographies, but there were also small essays, memoirs, brief reports of death or funeral, and so on. Often, such information was published under a separate heading called «Memory of the Dead» (or «Posthumous News» or «Obituary»). In general, the pages of these student journals revealed information about 25 Ukrainians who were buried in the Czechoslovak Republic during 1923—1929. Based on the published information, an alphabetical index of these persons with biographical information about them was compiled (25 surnames, «Appendix 2»). The materials found are a valuable (and in many cases, the only) source of biographical information on Ukrainian immigrants who died and are buried in the Czechoslovak Republic, as well as helping to establish and preserve their burial sites. Keywords: Ukrainian students, Ukrainian emigration to the Czechoslovakia, periodicals, interwar period, Ukrainian burials in the Czech Republic.

Architektom powiatowym urzędującym w Białej Podlaskiej w okresie międzywojennym powierzano pracę w dwóch powiatach: bialskim i konstantynowskim. Urząd ten sprawowali Zygmunt Krasiński (1920), Tadeusz Prauss (1921-1922), Konstanty Srokowski (1922-1925), Bronisław Makowski (1925-1926), Adam Dzięciołowski (1926-1931) oraz Eugeniusz Eberle (1932-1939). Daty podane przy nazwiskach sugerują ciągłość obsadzenia urzędu. Tak jednak nie było, bowiem często pomiędzy opuszczeniem go przez jednego architekta, a zajęciem go przez kolejnego mijały miesiące. Architektom powiatowym przysługiwała pomoc budowniczego powiatowego. Architekci powiatowi byli często jedynymi przedstawicielami fachowych sił architektoniczno-budowalnych na terenie swego urzędowania. Z tego powodu mieli spore szanse na działalność projektową i zwykle je wykorzystywali. Ważne jest też to, że ich nazwiska występują na projektach budowlanych przy potwierdzeniu zgodności z rzeczywistością zamieszczonych na nich planów sytuacyjnych. W przypadku projektów pozbawionych datacji wiedza o okresie urzędowania architekta może być pomocą w ustaleniu czasu ich powstania.

The reviews is devoted to the three-volume collection of the well-known Crimean Tatar ethnographer and Turkologist, the first director of the Bakhchisarai Palace Museum Usein Bodaninsky, whose works were published by Sh. Mardzhani Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan in Kazan and Simferopol in 2018–2020. The first volume, which appeared in 2019, includes different research works published by Bodaninsky from 1917 to the beginning of the 1930s. The second volume (2018) contains unpublished diaries of the Bakhchisarai Palace Museum written by Bodaninsky in 1924–1926, when he was the director of this scientific and cultural institution. The third volume (2020) is divided into three parts. The first of them includes commented written materials, ethnographic and archeological sketches in facsimiles of the expeditions carried out by Bodaninsky in the Crimea in 1925–1928, as well as his notes of the Crimean earthquakes happened in 1927. The second part includes unpublished documentation, annual reports and plans of the Bakhchisarai Palace Museum dated 1922–1929 and the beginning of 1934. The third section contains letters, statements, notes composed by Bodaninsky from 1920 to 1932. The materials published in three volumes should be evaluated as a valuable contribution to the study of the history and ethnography of the Muslim Crimea, archeology and early Soviet museum work among the Crimean Tatars.

The article is dedicated to the life and creative heritage of the graduate of the Riga Polytechnic Institute (RPI; 1900) agronomist Boris Jenken (Борис Карлович Єнкен; 1873–1943). B. Jenken was an organizer, scientist, breeder, educator, historian and bibliographer of agrarian science of the Ukrainian national agriculture. The study was carried out using not well-known and recently distributed documents for use in the archives of the Russian Federation and the Ukraine, as well as monographs and publications in periodicals. The article analyses the life and activity periods of the researcher related to the organization and implementation of national agricultural trials, mainly in the field of breeding and seed growing. The emphasis was placed on B. Jenkens’ scientific and pedagogical work in Ukraine: in Kharkiv (1908–1919; 1925–1926; 1930), Odessa (1924), Maslovka (1927–1929), and Kyiv (1928–1929).

Władze Organizacji Syjonistycznej Małopolski Zachodniej (od 1920 r. Organizacji Syjonistycznej Małopolski Zachodniej i Śląska) pełniły od 1919 r. rolę dzielnicowej centrali syjonistycznej w Krakowie. Obejmowała ona początkowo swym działaniem byłą Galicję Zachodnią po rzekę San na wschodzie. W 1920 r. obszar działania centrali powiększył się o część przyłączonego do Polski Śląska Cieszyńskiego, a w 1922 r. część Górnego Śląska. Początkowo skupiała ona wszystkie nurty żydowskiego ruchu narodowego z wyjątkiem partii robotniczej Poalej Syjon-Prawicy. Decydującą rolę w działalności centrali do 1936 r. odgrywał postępowy rabin Ozjasz Abraham Thon, choć od 1926 r. ulegała ona osłabieniu. W 1925 r. powstała samodzielna dzielnicowa struktura władzy ortodoksyjno-syjonistycznej partii Mizrachi, a w 1927 r. lewicowej Hitachduth, co dało początek odrębnym centralom. W 1926 r. ujawniła się w ramach Organizacji Syjonistycznej Małopolski Zachodniej i Śląska grupa syjonistów-rewizjonistów, która w 1931 r. przekształciła się w samodzielną partię z własną centralą dzielnicową. Wobec słabości obu partii lewicowych Hitachduth i Poalej Syjon-Prawicy w latach 1934–1936 nastąpiło ich połączenie. Zionist headquarters in Krakow (1919–1939) The authorities of the Zionist Organisation of Western Malopolska (from 1920 the Zionist Organisation of Western Malopolska and Silesia) fulfilled the role from 1919 of Zionist headquarters in Krakow. Initially, its activities covered the area of Western Galicia to the River San in the east. In 1920, the area of activity was enlarged to include the part of Cieszyn Silesia added to Poland, and in 1922 part of Upper Silesia. In the beginning, it focused on all Jewish national movements, with the exception of the Poalej Zion-Right workers’ party. Rabbi Abraham Ozjasz Thon played a central role in the activities of the headquarters until 1936, although after 1926 his position was weakened. In 1925, an independent regional leadership structure was established for the Mizrachi Orthodox-Zionist party, and in 1927 for the left-wing Hitachduth party, which led to the beginning of separate headquarters. In 1926, a group of Zionist-revisionists appeared within the Zionist Organisation of Western Malopolska and Silesia, which in 1931 transformed into an independent party with its own headquarters. Due to the weakness of both left-wing parties, Hitachduth and Poalej Zion-Right in the years 1934–1936, their merger took place.

New nomenclatorial acts are proposed for chironomids in anticipation of publication on the Fauna Europaea, a database of the scientific names and distribution of all living multicellular European land and fresh-water animals. Thienemanniella caspersi Sæther is proposed as a new replacement name for Th. similis Caspers & Reiss, 1989. Five new generic combinations are given: Dactylocladius albipennis Goetghebuer, 1921, Orthocladius (Dactylocladius) brevifurcatus Edwards, 1926, and Lindebergia bothnica Tuiskunen, 1984 are transferred to Pseudosmittia Goetghebuer; while Smittia lacunarum Goetghebuer, 1931 and Smittia (Pseudosmittia) terrestris Goetghebuer , 1943 are both transferred to Bryophaenocladius Thienemann. Twenty-two new synonyms are given: Pseudosmittia amamibifurca Sasa, 1990 is a junior synonym of Pseudosmittia mathildae Albu, 1968; Pseudosmittia antillaria Sæther, 1981 of Pseudosmittia forcipata (Goetghebuer, 1921); Pseudosmittia arenaria flava Strenzke, 1960 of Pseudosmittia arenaria Strenzke, 1960; Smittia avicularia Goetghebuer, 1950 of Pseudosmittia trilobata (Edwards, 1929); Smittia brachyptera Goetghebuer, 1934 of Pseudosmittia conjuncta (Edwards, 1929); Pseudosmittia brevitarsis Brundin, 1947, Pseudosmittia kurobaokasia Sasa & Okazawa, 1992, Smittia oxoniana Edwards, 1937 not Edwards, 1922, and Pseudosmittia schachti Caspers & Reiss, 1989 of Pseudosmittia ruttneri Strenzke & Thienemann, 1942; Spaniotoma (Smittia) curticosta Edwards, 1929 of Pseudosmittia albipennis (Goetghebuer, 1921); Smittia hamata Freeman, 1956 of Pseudosmittia danconai (Marcuzzi, 1947); Pseudosmittia linguata Caspers & Reiss, 1989 of Pseudosmittia nishiharaensis Sasa & Hasegawa, 1988; Smittia longitibia Goetghebuer, 1933 and Pseudosmittia mediocarinata Caspers & Reiss, 1989 of Pseudosmittia nanseni (Kieffer, 1926); Spaniotoma (Smittia) recta Edwards, 1929 and Pseudosmittia togarisea Sasa & Okazawa, 1992 of Pseudosmittia oxoniana (Edwards, 1922); Spaniotoma (Smittia) scotica Edwards, 1929, Pseudosmittia togasitea Sasa & Pseudosmittia triplex Strenzke, 1950 is a valid species and not a synonym of P. forcipata (Goetghebuer, 1921) as stated in Ashe & Cranston (1990). Pseudosmittia virgo montana Strenzke, 1950 is raised to species level as Pseudosmittia montana. The following names are nomina dubia: Camptocladius flaviventris Kieffer, 1921, Camptocladius hexalobus Kieffer, 1924, Camptocladius longicrus Kieffer, 1921, Pseudosmittia restricta Brundin, 1956, Smittia (Pseudosmittia) tenebrosa Goetghebuer, 1943, Camptocladius trifoliatus Kieffer, 1924, Smittia (Pseudosmittia) vicana Goetghebuer, 1943.

Ōtani Kōzui (1876-1948) was the first Japanese, or perhaps the first foreigner to point towards Turkey (Feb. 1924) as soon as the Republic was declared (Oct. 1923); the first to bring foreign direct investment to the Turkish Republic through his collaboration with the founding father of the Republic of Türkiye, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk at the Ankara Gazi Farm (Feb. 1927); the first to make a foreign industrial investment with his collaboration with Memduh Gökçen in Bursa (Apr. 1929). Ōtani was also one of the co-founders of the Japanese-Turkish Trade Association in Osaka (Nov. 1925), the Japanese-Turkish Association in Tokyo (June 1926), and he was the author of the lines on “Ōtani Kōzui Epitaph” dedicated to Turkish soldiers who lost their lives at the Ertuğrul Firgate Incident in 1890, erected at the Kushimoto Ertuğrul Memorial (Mar. 1929). This paper traces his footprints in the early years of the newly founded Republic of Türkiye.

Ōtani Kōzui (1876-1948) was the first Japanese, or perhaps the first foreigner to point towards Turkey (Feb. 1924) as soon as the Republic was declared (Oct. 1923); the first to bring foreign direct investment to the Turkish Republic through his collaboration with the founding father of the Republic of Türkiye, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk at the Ankara Gazi Farm (Feb. 1927); the first to make a foreign industrial investment with his collaboration with Memduh Gökçen in Bursa (Apr. 1929). Ōtani was also one of the co-founders of the Japanese-Turkish Trade Association in Osaka (Nov. 1925), the Japanese-Turkish Association in Tokyo (June 1926), and he was the author of the lines on “Ōtani Kōzui Epitaph” dedicated to Turkish soldiers who lost their lives at the Ertuğrul Firgate Incident in 1890, erected at the Kushimoto Ertuğrul Memorial (Mar. 1929). This paper traces his footprints in the early years of the newly founded Republic of Türkiye.

Hanow (Derm. Ztschr. Bd. 55, H. 2, 29) gives data on the dynamics of the soft chancre for 1925, 1926, 1927 and 1928 based on the material of the K. Virchow's hospital in Berlin. Ulcus molle was registered in 1925 19 cases, in 1926-79, in 1927-97 and for 20 months of 1928 - 192 cases. At the same time, the author deals with the issue of localization of ulcers, as well as complications in ulcus molle. With a therapeutic purpose used ac. carbolic. liquef. and chlorozinc. The last remedy was tested on 35 patients, and small and medium-sized ulcers healed in 5-7 days, the gangrenous chancre healed in 20 days. When treating the same ac. carb. liq., tested on 109 patients, cure occurs on average in 18 days.

Tässä artikkelissa tarkoitukseni on pohtia suomalaissaksalaisia kulttuurisuhteita 1920-luvulta saksalaisen taidehistorioitsija Gustav Paulin (1866–1938) ja hänen toimiensa kautta. Pohdin muun muassa sitä, millainen vaikutus ja merkitys Paulin järjestämillä Ateneumin saksalaisen taiteen näyttelyllä lokakuussa 1922, Kalannin alttarikaapin osto- ja restaurointiaikeilla 1922–1925 sekä suunnitelmilla suomalaisesta taidenäyttelystä Saksassa 1926–1927 oli laajemmin Suomen ja Saksan välisille suhteille. Artikkelissa tarkastellaan ja analysoidaan Paulin ja suomalaisten välistä kirjeenvaihtoa, joissa käsitellään esimerkiksi saksalaisen taidenäyttelyn syntyprosessia ja siihen vaikuttaneita seikkoja, kuin myös Paulin mielikuvaa ja vaikutelmia vastaitsenäistyneestä Suomesta ulkomaalaisen silmin. Tarkoitukseni on osoittaa, miten Paulin toiminta Suomessa voidaan nähdä osana suomalaissaksalaisten suhteiden edistämistä ja positiivisen mielenlaadun osoittamista maalle, jolle suomalainen poliittinen eliitti koki olevansa kiitollisuuden velassa.

The aim of the study. Characteristics of the Czechoslovak and Austrian krones, the German mark, the Polish zloty, the American dollar, and the Soviet ruble (chervinets) as the main currencies in interwar Czechoslovaczczyna; their «presence» in the wallets of Ukrainian emigrants. The research methodology is based on the principles of specifically historical, problematically chronological, objectivity and integrity and on the use of methods of analysis and synthesis. The scientific novelty consists in description the official bank exchange rates of the Czechoslovak, Austrian krone, Polish zloty, German «golden» mark and Reichsmark, and the Soviet Ruble-Chervonets in relation to the American dollar, the acquisition of one or another currency of the gold standard. Conclusions. In 1918 - 1925 and 1923 - 1939 both Austrian and Czechoslovak crones were in circulation on the territory of the First Republic of Czechs and Slovaks. The koruna česká was most desired in the wallets of the «Prague Ukrainians». In the interwar CzSR banknotes in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, and 5,000 krones were in circulation. They were printed in Prague. Among the coins, geler denominations of 5, 10, 20, and 50 were common. The coins were minted in the town of Kremnica (Eastern Slovaczczyna). At first, from 1918 to 1925, Austrian crowns prevailed on the territory of the Czechoslovak Republic. After the collapse of Austro-Hungary Czechoslovaczczyna assumed the role of stabilizer of the Austrian crone. In 1918 - 1921, one Czechslovak crone was worth six Austrian crones (1:6). In 1921 - 1923, one Czechoslovak crone was equal to fourteen Austrian crowns (1:14). In 1924-1925 the correlation crones was 1:60. After 1925 the Austrian krone was completely withdrawn from Czechoslovak monetary circulation. The formation of the Czechoslovak krone took place in 1923. Since the Czechoslovak krone did not have a gold standard until 1929, it was «pegged» to the American dollar. In 1923 - 1935 the ratio of the Czechoslovak crone to the American dollar was 100:2.96 (100:3). The ratio of the «golden» German mark to the American dollar in 1921 was 75:1. In 1924, the Reichsmark was put into circulation in Germany in order to overcome hyperinflation. Until 1936, the Reichsmark did not have a gold standard, so its exchange rate against the American dollar in 1924 was ̶ 4 Reichsmarks 20 pfennigs for 1 American dollar. In 1924 - 1936 one Reichsmark «rose» in price to ten crones (1:10). As for the Polish zloty, there is no reliable information about its correlation to the Czechoslovak crown in the interwar period. We have the bank rate of the Polish zloty on the eve of the Second World War (from January to August 1939): 10.57:100. Until 1922, together with the Soviet ruble, there was a Chervonets in international currency circulation, which had 7.74234 g of pure gold in the gold standard, which corresponded to the pre-revolutionary gold coin with a denomination of 10 ruble. In 1923, the Chervonets strengthened its position and the minting of Chervonets coins of the appropriate weight (the so-called «Seeder») began. This Chervonets was used for settlements with European countries. And this is what changed the international authority of the Soviet currency. Until 1925, Chervonets wos in demand on international exchanges, but in 1927 their minting was stopped. In the same year 1927, it was forbidden to import and export Chervonets outside the USSR. In 1922 - 1924, one Soviet Chervonets equaled two American dollars and twenty cents (1:2.20). From 1925 to 1928, the ratio of the Chervonets to the dollar was slightly lower - 1:1.94. Since 1928, the Chervonets was completely removed from international circulation, and the Soviet ruble remained unconverted. According to the data of the State Bank of the USSR in 1936, 5 Soviet rubles and 6 kopecks were equal to 1 American dollar in calculations through the Swiss franc.

The university in Vilna (Lithuanian: Vilnius), now Vilniaus universitetas, founded in 1579 by Stefan Batory (Stephen Báthory), King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, was a centre of Polish botany in 1780-1832 and 1919-1939. The Botanic Garden established by Jean-Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814) in 1781 (or, actually, from 1782) survived the loss of independence by Poland (1795), and a later closure of the University (1832), and it continued to function until 1842, when it was shut down by Russian authorities. After Poland had regained independence and the University was reopened as the Stefan Batory University (SBU), its Botanic Garden was established on a new location (1919, active since 1920). It survived as a Polish institution until 1939. After the Second World War, as a result of changed borders, it found itself in the Soviet Union, and from 1990 – in the Republic of Lithuania. A multidisciplinary research project has been recently launched with the aim to create a publication on the history of science at the Stefan Batory University. The botanical part of the project includes, among others, drafting the history of the Botanic Garden. Obtaining electronic copies of archival documents, e.g. annual reports written by the directors, enabled a more thorough analysis of the Garden’s history. Piotr Wiśniewski (1884–1971), a plant physiologist, nominated as Professor in the Department of General Botany on 1 June 1920, was the organiser and the first director of the Garden. He resigned from his post in October 1923, due to financial problems of the Garden. From October 1923 to April 1924, the management was run by the acting director, Edward Bekier (1883–1945), Professor in the Department of Physical Chemistry, Dean of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. For 13 subsequent years, i.e. from 1 May 1924 to 30 April 1937, the directorship of the Garden was held by Józef Trzebiński (1867–1941), a mycologist and one of the pioneers of phytopathology in Poland, Head of the Department of Botany II (Agricultural Botany), renamed in 1926 as the Department of Plant Taxonomy, and in 1937 – the Department of Taxonomy and Geography of Plants. From May 1937 to 1939, his successor as director was Franciszek Ksawery Skupieński (1888–1962), a researcher of slime moulds. Great credit for the development of the Garden is due to the Inspector, i.e. Chief Gardener, Konstanty Prószyński (Proszyński) (1859–1936) working there from 1919, through his official nomination in 1920, until his death. He was an amateur-naturalist, a former landowner, who had lost his property. Apart from the work on establishing and maintaining the Garden’s collection, as well as readying seeds for exchange, he published one mycological paper, and prepared a manuscript on fungi, illustrated by himself, containing descriptions of the new species. Unfortunately, this work was not published for lack of funds, and the prepared material was scattered. Some other illustrations of flowering plants drawn by Prószyński survived. There were some obstacles to the further development of the institution, namely substantially inadequate funds as well as too few members of the personnel (1–3 gardeners, and 1–3 seasonal workers). The area of the Garden, covering approx. 2 hectares was situated on the left bank of the Neris river (Polish: Wilia). It was located on sandy soils of a floodplain, and thus liable to flooding. These were the reasons for the decision taken in June 1939 to move the Garden to a new site but the outbreak of the Second World War stood in the way. Despite these disadvantageous conditions, the management succeeded in setting up sections of plants analogous to these established in other botanical gardens in Poland and throughout the world, i.e. general taxonomy (1922), native flora (1922), psammophilous plants (1922), cultivated plants (1924/1925), plant ecology (1927/1928), alpinarium (1927–1929), high-bog plants (1927–1929), and, additionally – in the 1920s – the arboretum, as well as sections of aquatic and bog plants. A glasshouse was erected in 1926–1929 to provide room for plants of warm and tropical zones. The groups representing the various types of vegetation illustrated the progress in ecology and phytosociology in the science of the period (e.g. in the ecology section, the Raunkiaer’s life forms were presented). The number of species grown increased over time, from 1,347 in 1923/1924 to approx. 2,800 in 1936/1937. Difficult weather conditions – the severe winter of 1928 as well as the snowless winter and the dry summer of 1933/34 contributed to the reduction of the collections. The ground collections, destroyed by flood in spring of 1931, were restored in subsequent years. Initially, the source of plant material was the wild plant species collected during field trips. Many specimens were also obtained from other botanical gardens, such as Warsaw and Cracow (Kraków). Beginning from 1923, printed catalogues of seeds offered for exchange were published (cf. the list on p. ... ). Owing to that, the Garden began to participate in the national and international plant exchange networks. From its inception, the collection of the Garden was used for teaching purposes, primarily to the students of the University, as well as for the botanical education of schoolchildren and the general public, particularly of the residents of Vilna. Scientific experiments on phytopathology were conducted on the Garden’s plots. After Vilna was incorporated into Lithuania in October 1939, the Lithuanian authorities shut down the Stefan Batory University, thus ending the history of the Polish Botanic Garden. Its area is now one of the sections of the Vilnius University Botanic Garden (“Vingis” section – Vilniaus universiteto botanikos sodas). In 1964, its area was extended to 7.35 hectares. In 1974, after establishing the new Botanic Garden in Kairenai to the east of Vilnius, the old Garden lost its significance. Nevertheless, it still serves the students and townspeople of Vilnius, and its collections of flowering plants are often used to decorate and grace the university halls during celebrations.

Celem autora artykułu jest przedstawienie materiałów związanych z kościołem parafialnym w Kokaninie. Materiały znajdują się w Archiwum Diecezjalnym we Włocławku i nigdy wcześniej nie były publikowane. Prezentowane spisy inwentarzowe pochodzą z lat 1921, 1922, 1925, 1928 oraz 1929 i wykonane zostały przed przejęciem parafii w zarząd przez nowych administratorów - ks. Władysława Jankowskiego, ks. Dominika Jędrzejewskiego, ks. Jerzego Bekiera. The parish church in Kokanin in the light of inventory lists of 1921, 1922, 1925, 1928, 1929 The aim of the author of the article is a presentation of materials related to the parish church in Kokanin. Those materials can be found in the Diocesan Archives in Włocławek and have never been published before. The presented inventory lists come from 1921, 1922, 1925 and 1929, and were made before the parish was taken over by new administrators – the priests: Władysław Jankowski, Dominik Jędrzejewski, Jerzy Bekier.

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the formation, maintenance, and transformation of the poetry scene, referred to as Parnassos, on the Korean Peninsula during the 1920s and 1930s. By concentrating on the activities of poetry magazines such as Kenji UCHINO’s Kōjin (1922-1925) and Asian Poetic Pulse (1926-1927), it has been observed that Japanese-language poetry in the Korean Peninsula during the 1920s promoted diversity through the translation of Western poetry and extensive exchanges with both Japanese and Korean poets.Following Kenji UCHINO’s permanent expulsion from Korea by order of the Governor-General in 1928, the network of Japanese poets residing in Korea within the Chosen Poetry Circle became more prominent. This is particularly evident in the two volumes of the Chosen Poetry Collection (1928, 1929) and the Anthology of Chosen Poets (1933).These materials provide valuable information that will significantly contribute to future research. They offer insights into the diverse membership of the Chosen Poetry Circle, the richness of the poetic landscape, the definition of ‘Chosen poetry,’ the specific characteristics of its poetic language, and the distinctive aspects of poet exchanges in East Asia.

Esta recopilación comprende artículos publicados entre octubre de 1924 y noviembre de 1925 con algunas importantes excepciones: "Roma y el artegótico", un texo que anteriormente no había llegado a publicar y de suma importanciapara apreciar las tendencias autobiográficas del autor; "El Alma Matinal", artículo de febrero de 1928; "El problema de las élites" de enero de ese año; "Esquema de una interpretación de Chaplin"; una serie de artículos sobrePiero Gobetti de julio de 1929; "La influencia de Italia en la cultura hispanoamericana de agosto de 1928; y reseñas sobre Bemard Shaw, Waldo Frank, James Joyce. "El Cementon de Gladkov y la "Novela revolucionaria" alemana, publicados todos entre 1926 y 1929. De todos modos, se trata de un conjunto incompleto pues Mariátegui había incluido en el plan de la obra un capítulo llamado "apología del aventurero" que no llegó a escribir y que estaba destinado a ser una semblanza de Cristóbal Colón.

The paper explains changes which become necessary in water mite taxonomy after revision of material from museum collections and recent field work. Todothyas Cook, 1974, not Acerbitas Özdikmen, 2006, must replace the preoccupied genus name Thyas Koch, 1836; Acerbitas is ranked as a subgenus of Todothyas. The following synonyms are established: Family Hydryphantidae: Todothyas distincta (Tuzovskij, 2007) = Todothyas colligera (K.Viets, 1923); Todothyas incerta (Lundblad, 1941) = Todothyas barbigera (K.Viets, 1908); Georgella intermedia Walter, 1927 (G. dauphinensis nom. nov. K.O.Viets, 1987) = G. koenikei Maglio, 1906; Hydrobaderia Özkan, 1985 = Hydryphantes Koch, 1841; Hydrobaderia ilicaensis Özkan, 1985 = Hydryphantes crassipalpis Koenike, 1914; Hydryphantes algeriensis Walter, 1925 = H. dispar (Schaub, 1888); Hydryphantes bayeri nonundulatus K. Viets, 1919 = H. planus Thon, 1899; Hydryphantes intermedius Daday, 1901 = H. dispar (Schaub, 1888); Hydryphantes spinipes Walter, 1922 = H. ruber (Geer, 1787); Panisus clypeolatus (Maglio, 1909) = P. torrenticolus Piersig, 1898; Panisus sarasini Bader, 1981 = P. michaeli (Koenike, 1896); Protzia multipora Walter, 1922 = P. squamosa Walter, 1908; Protzia macrognatha Walter, 1944 = P. distincta Walter, 1922; Sindacoides Bader, 1992 = Panisopsis K.Viets, 1926; Sindacoides ticinensis Bader, 1992 = Panisopsis setipes (K.Viets, 1911); Thyasella mandibularis torrenticola Schwoerbel, 1958 = T. mandibularis Lundblad, 1924. Hydryphantes pyrenaicus E. Angelier 1985, published as a nomen nudum, refers to H. armentarius Gerecke, 1996. Family Anisitsiellidae: Bandakia bieberi Bader, 1994 = B. concreta Thor, 1913. Family Oxidae: Oxus koenikei Thor, 1899 = O. longisetus (Berlese, 1885). Family Sperchontidae: Mixosperchon K. Viets, 1926 = Hispidosperchon Thor, 1901; Charoelia Bader, 1988 = Sperchon Kramer, 1877; Charoelia schloethi Bader, 1985 = Sperchon mutilus Koenike, 1908; Sperchon sandozi Bader, 1988 = S. hispidus Koenike, 1895; Sperchon monstruosus Bader, 1957 = S. hibernicus Halbert, 1944; Sperchonopsis phreaticus Biesiadka,1975 = S. procera Láska, 1965 stat. nov. Family Torrenticolidae: Monatractides bicinctus (Láska, 1933), M. parvipalpis (Halbert 1944), M. robustus (Halbert 1944), T. (Monatractides) hibernica Conroy, 1984 = M. madritensis (K. Viets, 1930). Redescriptions are given for numerous further species, redefining diagnostic characters and geographical distributions. Todothyas colligera (K. Viets, 1923) and Wandesia propinqua Walter, 1947 are redefined and newly established as separate species. Parathyas primitiva Lundblad, 1935 is transferred to the genus Todothyas Cook, 1974. Sperchon vaginosus Thor, 1902 is re-established as a distinct species in the ’denticulatus-group’. Torrenticola laskai Di Sabatino spec. nov. is introduced as a new name for Mediterranean populations attributed by several authors to T. lativalvata K. Viets, 1952. Torrenticola amplexa minutivalvata Lundblad, 1956 is elevated to species rank.

As cotas do rio Negro vem sendo medidas, diariamente, desde setembro de 1902. O presente trabalho baseou-se em dados colhidos entre os anos de 1903 a 1999. As cinco maiores enchentes aconteceram em: 1953 (29,69m), 1976 (29,61m), 1989 (29,42m), 1922 (29,35m) e 1909 (29,17m). As cinco maiores vazantes aconteceram em: 1963 (13,65m), 1906 (14,20m), 1997 (14,34m), 1916 (14,42m) e 1926 (14,54m). Os cinco menores valores de cotas máximas foram em: 1926 (21,77m), 1912 (24,84m), 1992 (25,42m), 1964 (25,91m) e 1980 (26,00m) e os cinco de cotas mínimas foram em: 1926 (21,77m), 1912 (24,84m), 1992 (25,42m), 1964 (25,91m) e 1980 (26,00m). As cinco maiores diferenças alcançadas em um mesmo ano entre as cotas máximas e mínimas aconteceram em: 1997 (14,62m), 1909 (14,13m), 1953 (12,62m), 1952 (12,44m) e 1916 (12,21 m) e as menores aconteceram em: 1912 (05,45m), 1968 (06,10m), 1985 (06,53m), 1974, (06,62m) e 1986 (06,74m).

Chronik der Stadt Heilbronn. Hrsg, von Friedrich Dürr [u.a.]. Heilbronn: Stadtarchiv 1986. Veröffentlichungen des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn, Bd. 27, 28, 29.1. Bd. 741 bis 1895. Unveränd. Nachdr. d. 2. Aufl. von 1926. V, 525 S., Abb.2. Bd. 1896 bis 1921. Unveränd. Nachdr. d. Erstausg. von 1922. 358 S., Abb.3. Bd. 1922 bis 1933. LXX, 758 S., zahlr. Abb., 1 Stadtplan »Heilbronn 1925«.

S. (Chilostetha) eximia Jakovlev, 1886, S. (C.) pirazzolii Obenberger, 1952 and S. (C.) palea Obenberger, 1952 are downgraded to subspecies of S. (C.) canescens Motschulsky, 1860, S. (C.) basalis Morawitz, 1861 and S. (C.) cauta Jakovlev, 1904, respectively. New synonymy is established for the following taxa: S. (Chilostetha) basalis basalis Morawitz, 1861 (= chariessa Obenberger, 1920, aestivalis Obenberger, 1952, arcas Obenberger, 1952, arethusa Obenberger, 1952, carinivertex Obenberger, 1952, chankae Obenberger, 1952, diffusa Obenberger, 1952, elisa Obenberger, 1952, hero Obenberger, 1952, laevigatula Obenberger, 1952, nogaica Obenberger, 1952, permixta Obenberger, 1952, persephone Obenberger, 1952, phoebia Obenberger, 1952, phyllis Obenberger, 1952, sareptana Obenberger, 1952, sublica Obenberger, 1952, urania Obenberger, 1952, vernalis Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (C.) puberula Jakovlev, 1887 (= rauda Jakovlev, 1908, cataonia Obenberger, 1926, seriatosetosa Obenberger, 1926, inderiensis Obenberger, 1927, synn. n.), S. (C.) cauta cauta Jakovlev, 1904 (= maja Jakovlev, 1908, dryadis Obenberger, 1926, petriceki Obenberger, 1952, damascena Obenberger, 1952, oeneis Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (C.) cauta palea Obenberger, 1952, stat. n. (= ussuriensis Obenberger, 1952, xantho Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (C.) jugoslavica Obenberger, 1926 (= verecunda Obenberger, 1952, syn. n.), S. (C.) canescens canescens Motschulsky, 1860 (= divnogorskii Obenberger, 1952, syn. n.), S. (C.) canescens eximia Jakovlev, 1886, stat. n. (= karavajevi Obenberger, 1952, flora Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (C.) insidiosa Mannerheim, 1852 (= subcylindrica Marseul, 1865, forceps Jakovlev, 1908, erratrix Obenberger, 1920, belenois Obenberger, 1952, improbula Obenberger, 1952, iphis Obenberger, 1952, pseudoforceps Obenberger, 1952, shansiana Obenberger, 1952, zubaci Obenberger, 1952, synn. n.), S. (C.) substriata Krynicki, 1834 (= trebinjensis Obenberger, 1916, syn. n.), S. (C.) laportei Saunders, 1871 (= comita Obenberger, 1952, syn. n.), S. (C.) syriaca Jakovlev, 1908 (= blattnyi Obenberger, 1926, calosoma Obenberger, 1926, synn. n.), S. (C.) popovi Mannerheim, 1852 (= balthasari Obenberger, 1928, syn. n.), S. (C.) vestita Jakovlev, 1887 (= S. (Deudora) jagdievi Alexeev, 1979, syn. n.). Lectotypes are designated for 76 nominal species and 8 infrasubspecific taxa. Taxonomic, nomenclatural, and distributional notes including new records for many species are given.

Проблема выбора стратегии общественного развития, адекватной оценки состояния и тенденций развития социума является одной из актуальных проблем исследования политической элиты России ХХ в. В условиях советского авторитарного режима принятие стратегических политических решений могло совершаться только внутри высшего слоя партийно-государственной элиты. Автор статьи аргументирует наличие в рамках большевизма трёх версий доктрины новой экономической политики в 1923—1926 гг.: левой («троцкистской»), центристской и правой («бухаринской»). Автор выявляет сходства и различия данной доктрины на стадиях кризиса 1923—1924 г. и «расширения» нэпа (осень 1924 — весна 1926 гг.). Автор опровергает ряд политизированных мифов о взглядах Л.Д. Троцкого, Л.Б. Каменева, Н.И. Бухарина на новую экономическую политику. Автор статьи отмечает объективные экономические и политические факторы, которые сделали невозможным термидорианское перерождение большевистской доктрины нэпа, привели к догматизации трактовок состояния многоукладного общества и перспектив его развития. В итоге выбор стратегии социалистической модернизации в середине 1920-х гг. был подчинен прагматическим интересам борьбы за власть.

Проблема выбора стратегии общественного развития, адекватной оценки состояния и тенденций развития социума является одной из актуальных проблем исследования политической элиты России ХХ в. В условиях советского авторитарного режима принятие стратегических политических решений могло совершаться только внутри высшего слоя партийно-государственной элиты. Автор статьи аргументирует наличие в рамках большевизма трёх версий доктрины новой экономической политики в 1923—1926 гг.: левой («троцкистской»), центристской и правой («бухаринской»). Автор выявляет сходства и различия данной доктрины на стадиях кризиса 1923—1924 г. и «расширения» нэпа (осень 1924 — весна 1926 гг.). Автор опровергает ряд политизированных мифов о взглядах Л.Д. Троцкого, Л.Б. Каменева, Н.И. Бухарина на новую экономическую политику. Автор статьи отмечает объективные экономические и политические факторы, которые сделали невозможным термидорианское перерождение большевистской доктрины нэпа, привели к догматизации трактовок состояния многоукладного общества и перспектив его развития. В итоге выбор стратегии социалистической модернизации в середине 1920-х гг. был подчинен прагматическим интересам борьбы за власть.

В статье рассматривается содержание литературного раздела пражского эмигрантского журнала «Студенческие годы» (1922-1925), преобразованного впоследствии в «Годы» (1926-1928). Анализируется творчество Г. Кузнецовой, И. Кнорринг, И. Лукаша, В. Лебедева, Н. Болесциса, А. Воеводина, И. Савченко, Н. Раевского, А. Ладинского и других. В их произведениях доминирующими стали темы светлого прошлого, родного дома, православной веры, которые выступают контрастом к темам поруганной славы Святой Руси, революционного террора, Первой мировой и Гражданской войн. Особенно остро актуализируется тема «своего» и «чужого» пространства, значимой также становится тема духовного женского подвига. The article considers the content of the literary section of the Prague emigrant magazine «Studencheskie gody» (Student Years) (1922-1925), which was later reformed in “Gody” (Years) (1926-1928). The article analyses the works of G. Kuznetsova, I. Knorring, I. Lukash, V. Lebedev, N. Bolescis, A. Vojevodin, I. Savchenko, N. Raevsky, A. Ladinsky and others. In their works the themes of the bright past, the home, the Orthodox faith become dominant contrasting with the themes of the violated glory of Holy Russia, revolutionary terror, World War I and Civil War. The theme of «home» and «alien» space is particularly topical; the theme of a spiritual feat of a woman also becomes significant.

A fully annotated catalog of genus- and species-group names of Neotropical Lauxaniidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) is presented, providing details of references to these names in literature, and providing additional details such as distributions, generic combinations, synonymies, misspellings and emendations, information on types, notes on unusual situations, etc. As this catalog is meant to supplement the older Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico, to complete the cataloging of the New World Lauxaniidae, “Neotropical” is herein inclusive of everything south of the United States, and the Nearctic parts of Mexico are not separately distinguished. The catalog is organized alphabetically within each of the three lauxaniid subfamilies, Eurychoromyiinae, Homoneurinae and Lauxaniinae, treating 91 available genus-group names, of which 77 represent valid genera. In the species-group, the catalog treats 441 available species-group names, of which 391 represent valid Neotropical lauxaniid species, 39 are invalid, three are valid but extralimital lauxaniids, five are valid but removed from Lauxaniidae, and two are new replacement names for two homonyms outside Lauxaniidae. The following nine new genera are described, based on previously described species: Elipolambda Gaimari & Silva (type species, Sapromyza lopesi Shewell, 1989), Griphoneuromima Silva & Gaimari (type species, Sapromyza frontalis Macquart, 1844b), Meraina Silva & Gaimari (type species, Lauxania ferdinandi Frey, 1919), Myzaprosa Gaimari & Silva (type species, Myzaprosa mallochi Gaimari & Silva), Paradeceia Silva & Gaimari (type species, Sapromyza sororia Williston, 1896b), Pseudodeceia Silva & Gaimari (type species, Lauxania leptoptera Frey, 1919), Sericominettia Gaimari & Silva (type species, Minettia argentiventris Malloch, 1928), Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva (type species, Sapromyza semiatra Malloch, 1933), and Zargopsinettia Gaimari & Silva (type species, Minettia verticalis Malloch, 1928). The following four new replacement names in the species-group replace junior homonyms: Myzaprosa mallochi Gaimari & Silva (for Sapromyza spinigera Malloch, 1933, nec Malloch, 1925), Pseudogriphoneura mallochi Silva & Gaimari (for Minettia infuscata Malloch, 1928, nec Sciomyza infuscata Wulp, 1897), Xenochaetina hendeli Silva & Gaimari (for Allogriphoneura robusta Hendel, 1936, nec Helomyza robusta Walker, 1858), Zamyprosa macquarti Gaimari & Silva (for Sciomyza nigripes Blanchard, 1854, nec Sapromyza nigripes Macquart, 1844). The following six genus-group names are new synonyms: Allogriphoneura Hendel, 1925 (= Xenochaetina Malloch, 1923), Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995 (= Stenolauxania Malloch, 1926), Haakonia Curran, 1942 (= Xenochaetina Malloch, 1923), Homoeominettia Broadhead, 1989 (= Allominettia Hendel, 1925), Paraphysoclypeus Papp & Silva, 1995 (= Physoclypeus Hendel, 1907), Tibiominettia Hendel, 1936 (= Allominettia Hendel, 1925). The following 12 species-group names are new synonyms: Chaetocoelia banksi Curran, 1942 (= Chaetocoelia excepta (Walker, 1853)), Chaetocoelia tripunctata Malloch, 1926 (= Chaetocoelia excepta (Walker, 1853)), Minettia semifulva Malloch, 1933 (= Zamyprosa nigriventris (Blanchard, 1854)), Pseudogriphoneura scutellata Curran, 1934a (= Xenochaetina porcaria (Fabricius, 1805)), Sapromyza apta Walker, 1861 (= Chaetominettia mactans (Fabricius, 1787)), Sapromyza brasiliensis Walker, 1853 (= Chaetominettia corollae (Fabricius, 1805)), Sapromyza semiatra subsp. remissa Malloch, 1933 (= Zamyprosa semiatra (Malloch, 1933)), Sapromyza sordida Williston, 1896b (= Neogriphoneura sordida (Wiedemann, 1830)), Setulina geminata subsp. quadripunctata Malloch, 1941, subsp. tripunctata Malloch, 1941 & subsp. verticalis Malloch, 1941 (= Setulina geminata (Fabricius, 1805)), Tibiominettia setitibia Hendel, 1932 (= Allominettia assimilis (Malloch, 1926)). The following 96 lauxaniid species-group names are in new combinations: Allominettia approximata (Malloch, 1928; Deutominettia Hendel, 1925), Allominettia assimilis (Malloch, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Allominettia rubescens (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Allominettia woldae (Broadhead, 1989; Homoeominettia Broadhead, 1989), Camptoprosopella sigma (Hendel, 1910; Procrita Hendel, 1908), Camptoprosopella verena (Becker, 1919; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Dryosapromyza pirioni (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Elipolambda duodecimvittata (Frey, 1919; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Elipolambda lopesi (Shewell, 1989; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Elipolambda picrula (Williston, 1897; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Griphoneuromima frontalis (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Homoneura maculipennis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Lauxanostegana albispina (Albuquerque, 1959; Steganopsis Meijere 1910), Marmarodeceia claripennis (Curran, 1934a; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Melanomyza nigerrima (Becker, 1919; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Meraina ferdinandi (Frey, 1919; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Minettia altera (Curran, 1942; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Minettia duplicata (Lynch Arribálzaga, 1893; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia lateritia (Rondani, 1863; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia lupulinoides (Williston, 1897; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia pallens (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia remota (Thomson, 1869; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Minettia setosa (Thomson, 1869; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Myzaprosa chiloensis (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Myzaprosa emmesa (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Myzaprosa triloba (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Neodecia albovittata (Loew, 1862; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Neodecia bivittata (Curran, 1928b; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Neodecia flavipennis (Curran, 1928b; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Neodecia vittifacies (Curran, 1931; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Neominettia eronis (Curran, 1934a; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Neominettia lebasii (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Neominettia melanaspis (Wiedemann, 1830; Sciomyza Fallén, 1820d), Neoxangelina congruens (Hendel, 1910; Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Neoxangelina facialis (Wiedemann, 1830; Sciomyza Fallén, 1820d), Neoxangelina flavipes (Hendel, 1926; Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Paracestrotus albipes (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Paradeceia incidens (Curran, 1934a; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Paradeceia shannoni (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Paradeceia sororia (Williston, 1896b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Physegenua annulata (Macquart, 1844b; Ephydra Fallén, 1810), Physoclypeus nigropleura (Papp & Silva, 1995; Paraphysoclypeus Papp & Silva, 1995), Poecilohetaerus suavis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilolycia blanchardi (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilolycia lineatocollis (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia aibonito (Curran, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia bipunctata (Say, 1829; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia evittata (Malloch, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia mona (Curran, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia nigropunctata (Malloch, 1928; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Poecilominettia plantaris (Thomson, 1869; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia quichuana (Brèthes, 1922; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia schwarzi (Malloch, 1928; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia sonax (Giglio-Tos, 1893; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia thomsonii (Lynch-Arribálzaga, 1893; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilominettia triseriata (Coquillett, 1904a; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Pseudocalliope albomarginata (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Pseudodeceia leptoptera (Frey, 1919; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Pseudogriphoneura albipes (Wiedemann, 1830; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Pseudominettia argyrostoma (Wiedemann, 1830; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Ritaemyia unifasciata (Macquart, 1835; Tephritis Latreille, 1804), Sciosapromyza fuscinervis (Malloch, 1926; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Sciosapromyza limbinerva (Rondani, 1848; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Sciosapromyza scropharia (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Scutominettia guyanensis (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Sericominettia argentiventris (Malloch, 1928; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Sericominettia aries (Curran, 1942; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Sericominettia holosericea (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Sericominettia nigra (Curran, 1934a; Pseudogriphoneura Hendel, 1907), Sericominettia velutina (Walker, 1853; Helomyza Fallén, 1820a), Stenolauxania flava (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania fusca (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania longicornus (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania nigrifemuris (Silva, 1999a; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Stenolauxania pectinicornis (Papp & Silva, 1995; Bacilloflagellomera Papp & Silva, 1995), Trivialia nigrifrontata (Becker, 1919; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Trivialia scutellaris (Williston, 1896b; Phortica Schiner, 1862), Trivialia venusta (Williston, 1896b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Xenochaetina annuliventris (Hendel, 1926; Allogriphoneura Hendel, 1925), Xenochaetina glabella (Becker, 1895; Lauxania Latreille, 1804), Xenochaetina nigra (Williston, 1896b; Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Xenochaetina phacosoma (Hendel, 1926; Allogriphoneura Hendel, 1925), Xenochaetina porcaria (Fabricius, 1805; Scatophaga Fabricius, 1805), Xenochaetina robusta (Walker, 1858; Helomyza Fallén, 1820a), Zamyprosa dichroa (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Zamyprosa edwardsi (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa ferruginea (Macquart, 1844b; Opomyza Fallén, 1820b), Zamyprosa fulvescens (Blanchard, 1854; Sciomyza Fallén, 1820d), Zamyprosa fulvicornis (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa micropyga (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa nigripes (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa nigriventris (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa parvula (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa semiatra (Malloch, 1933; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Zamyprosa seminigra (Malloch, 1933; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Zargopsinettia verticalis (Malloch, 1928; Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830). The following 42 species have lectotype designations herein: Allogriphoneura nigromaculata Hendel, 1925 (synonym of Xenochaetina porcaria (Fabricius, 1805)), Allogriphoneura robusta Hendel, 1936 (= Xenochaetina hendeli Silva & Gaimari), Allominettia maculifrons Hendel, 1925 (synonym of Allominettia xanthiceps (Williston, 1897)), Blepharolauxania trichocera Hendel, 1925, Chaetocoelia palans Giglio-Tos, 1893, Euminettia zuercheri Hendel, 1933b (Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Griphoneura triangulata Hendel, 1926, Lauxania albovittata Loew, 1862 (Neodecia Malloch, in Malloch & McAtee, 1924), Lauxania imbuta Wiedemann, 1830 (Griphoneura Schiner, 1868), Lauxania lutea Wiedemann, 1830 (Neominettia Hendel, 1925), Lauxania ruficornis Macquart, 1851a (synonym of Xenochaetina flavipennis (Fabricius, 1805)), Neominettia fumosa Hendel, 1926 (synonym of Neominettia costalis (Fabricius, 1805)), Physegenua ferruginea Schiner, 1868, Physegenua vittata Macquart, 1848a/b, Pseudogriphoneura cormoptera Hendel, 1907, Sapromyza angustipennis Williston, 1896b (Chaetocoelia Giglio-Tos, 1893), Sapromyza distinctissima Schiner, 1868 (Chaetocoelia Giglio-Tos, 1893), Sapromyza exul Williston, 1896b (Neodecia Malloch, in Malloch & McAtee, 1924), Sapromyza gigas Schiner, 1868 (Dryosapromyza Hendel, 1933a), Sapromyza ingrata Williston, 1896b (Poecilominettia Hendel, 1932), Sapromyza latelimbata Macquart, 1855a (synonym of Chaetominettia corollae (Fabricius, 1805)), Sapromyza lineatocollis Blanchard, 1854 (Poecilolycia Shewell, 1986), Sapromyza longipennis Blanchard, 1854 (= Minettia duplicata (Lynch Arribálzaga, 1893)), Sapromyza nigerrima Becker, 1919 (Melanomyza Malloch, 1923), Sapromyza nigriventris Blanchard, 1854 (Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva), Sapromyza octovittata Williston, 1896b (Poecilominettia Hendel, 1932), Sapromyza ornata Schiner, 1868 (Neoxangelina Hendel, 1933a), Sapromyza pallens Blanchard, 1854 (Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Sapromyza parvula Blanchard, 1854 (Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva), Sapromyza picrula Williston, 1897 (Elipolambda), Sapromyza puella Williston, 1896b (Trivialia Malloch, 1923), Sapromyza sororia Williston, 1896b (Paradeceia Silva & Gaimari), Sapromyza venusta Williston, 1896b (Trivialia Malloch, 1923), Sapromyza xanthiceps Williston, 1897 (Allominettia Hendel, 1925), Scatophaga scropharia Fabricius, 1805 (Sciosapromyza Hendel, 1933a), Sciomyza fulvescens Blanchard, 1854 (Zamyprosa Gaimari & Silva), Sciomyza melanaspis Wiedemann, 1830 (Neominettia Hendel, 1925), Sciomyza nigripes Blanchard, 1854 (= Zamyprosa macquarti Gaimari & Silva), Sciomyza obscuripennis Bigot, 1857 (Physegenua Macquart, 1848a/b), Scutolauxania piloscutellaris Hendel, 1925, Trigonometopus albifrons Knab, 1914, Trigonometopus rotundicornis Williston, 1896b. The following three species are removed from being recognized as part of the Neotropical fauna: Homoneura americana (Wiedemann, 1830; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Homoneura maculipennis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810), Poecilohetaerus suavis (Loew, 1847; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810). The following four species are removed from the family, three of which are put into the following new combinations: Senopterina cyanea (Fabricius, 1805; Lauxania Latreille, 1804) (Platystomatidae), Dihoplopyga delicatula (Blanchard, 1854; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810) (Heleomyzidae), Pherbellia geniculata (Macquart, 1844b; Sapromyza Fallén, 1810) (Sciomyzidae). The remaining species, Sapromyza fuscipes Macquart, 1844b, is of uncertain family placement within the Muscoidea. The following new replacement names for species of Platystomatidae were necessary due to homonymy: Senopterina gigliotosi Gaimari & Silva (for Bricinniella cyanea Giglio-Tos, 1893, nec Lauxania cyanea Fabricius, 1805), and Rivellia macquarti Gaimari & Silva (for Tephritis unifasciata Macquart, 1843: 381, nec Macquart, 1835: 465).

The study presents an attempt to assess the information potential of official publications of central and regional statistical institutional bodies in the early 20th century for studying migration processes in Altai. The aim of the research is to generate the information system on the historical statistics of Altai of the second half of the 19th century – the first third of the 20th century. The modern historiography of migration processes in the early 20th century is full of theoretical and practical concepts of resettlement in the early Soviet period. Nevertheless, the issues of population dynamics in Altai and the role of migration processes in the early Soviet period remain relevant. The official publications of the central and provincial statistical institutional bodies, materials of the population censuses of 1916–1917, 1920, 1923, and 1926, publications of the Altai Provincial Statistical Bureau are among the sources for studying migration processes in Altai in 1917–1926. The authors state that official statistical materials, despite certain difficulties in comparing and analyzing data, allow them to trace the main trends, as well as the role and significance of migration processes for Altai. The dynamic ranks in terms of the population of counties and cities for 1917–1923, made by the Altai Provincial Statistical Bureau, as well as data from population censuses of 1917, 1920, 1923, and 1926, are the most informative sources. Special characteristics of migrations in Altai compared to similar Siberian processes are revealed in the paper. The authors conclude that, by 1926, migrations of the early Soviet period played a key role in the formation of the Altai population.

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of the population of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (KASSR) formed in August 1920 in the period between the population censuses of 1920 and 1926. At that time, administrative borders were being actively redrawn, new national-state associations were emerging, which significantly complicates the study of the population in a comparable territory. The famine of 1921-1922 also had a serious impact on the population of KASSR. The authors come to the conclusion about the reliability of the census materials of1926, which in general adequately reflected the number and national composition of the population of the KASSR after the shocks of the first half of the 1920s.

In Rio de Janeiro, under the control of Brazilian writer Manuel Bastos Tigre, the D. Quixote magazine (1917-1926) published prejudiced content aimed at critiquing the São Paulo modernist movement between 1920 and 1926. Employing humor along with textual and visual resources, D. Quixote conveyed ableism, misogyny, homophobia, racism, and the stigmatization of musical and popular practices. To qualify the intensity of prejudiced expression in publications of the process, the author defined the category of ‘expressive aggressiveness’. Due to the synchrony and similarity of part of the content, elements of D. Quixote’s process were compared with elements of the anti-modernist campaigns of the São Paulo newspapers A Gazeta (1921-1922) and Folha da Noite (1923). Utilizing keyword searches in the Digital Newspaper Library of the Brazilian National Library relevant publications were found. Likewise, the arguments of researchers in humor and Brazilian history were considered. This report records the names and artworks questioned at the reception of São Paulo modernism in Rio de Janeiro, shedding light about the social construction of prejudice. Notably, journalists, writers, and humorists engaged in producing prejudiced content as means to engage in debate about art.

The published correspondence reveals the professional ties of the RussianAmerican sociologist P.A. Sorokin (1889–1968) and the German publisher and sociologist Salomon (1892–1964, Salomon-Delatour since 1947). It substantially complements the knowledge about Sorokin’s priorities in professional contacts and scientific interests. In addition to the most complete version of Sorokin’s article “Russian Sociology in the Twentieth Century” (1926), published in the Yearbook of Sociology released by Salomon, the accompanying correspondence introduces Sorokin’s plans to participate in the preparation of the German editions of the books Leaves from a Russian Diary (1924), The Sociology of Revolution (1925), Social Mobility (1925), Modern Sociological Theories (1928, the German edition came out in 1932), Principles of Rural and Urban Sociology (1929) and Readers on Rural Sociology (1930–1932). Sorokin’s plans and articles on the study of genius and leadership, the role of the intelligentsia in society, and issues of book review are discussed. The letters are a testament to Sorokin’s sociology starting to receive actual international recognition. The correspondence tells of the impact of the Great Depression (1929–1939) on sociologists’ contacts.

Background: In 1924, the Department of Ethnology under the leadership of the Polish ethnologist, Professor Adam Fischer was established at Lviv University. The department was to specialize in Slavic issues. Thus, since the founding of the unit, Slav-ic ethnography has been one of the main topics in A. Fischer’s courses. However, until the early 1930s, these disciplines were concluded in areas of culture. A. Fischer began to implement another concept of lecture courses (by peoples or their groups) in the 1930s, after traveling to Central and Eastern Europe(travel geography included ethno-graphic centers of cities such as Prague, Brno, Martin, Bratislava, Vienna, Ljubljana, Zagreb, Belgrade, Budapest). It was then that the Lviv professor started the series “Slavic Ethnography”. It was to consist of a synthesis of “General Characteristics of Slavic Ethnography” and 11 parts of the complex characteristics of individual Slavic peoples (coverage of such issues as the boundaries of ethnic territory and ethnographic zoning, stages of ethnic history, dialectal and anthropological features, the history of ethnographic research, areas of folk culture). Purpose: The work is aimed to analyze the views of the Polish ethnologist of the interwar period Adam Fischer on the Western and Southern Slavs, in particular on the basis of the manuscripts of a professor from the Archives of the Polish Ethnological Society (Wrocław, Poland). Results: Among the West Slavic peoples, A. Fischer singled out the Polabians (German-assimilated Polabian tribes living in the area between the Elbe, the Oder and the Baltic Sea), Lusatians, Poles (the professor emphasized the population of Pomera-nia, in particular, the Kashubians, whose features against the background of the Polish people explained primarily by the Baltic influences), Czechs and Slovaks (in the series “Slavic Ethnography” two separate notebooks dedicated to these peoples were planned. Instead, in the Archives of the Polish Ethnological Society there is one manuscript of two parts – “Czechs” and “Slovaks”, respectively, which was obviously influenced by their stay in the interwar period within one state). In developing the general scheme of the series“Slavic Ethnography”, A. Fischer often used the principle of the existence of the state among the people (which is ethnologically incorrect).This can be seen primarily in the materials about the South Slavs: separate notebooks of the series were to be devoted only to such South Slavic peoples as Serbs and Croats (A. Fischer characterized them as separate peoples with one language), Slovenes, Bulgarians.In the manuscript “Ethnography of Bulgaria” the scholar paid special attention to the Macedonians, emphasizing that part of the then Bul-garian state was not Bulgarian ethnic territory.Instead, Montenegrins and Bosnians (A. Fisher used the term “Muslim Serbo-Croats”) were mentioned occasionally by the pro-fessor in the context of the characterization of the peoples of Yugoslavia.The lecture course “Balkan Peninsula” prepared by A. Fischer deserves special attention. Here, the scientist used the geographical factor to the grouping of the material. Key words: Adam Fischer, Lviv University, “Slavic Ethnography”, Western Slavs, Southern Slavs, Ethnic Processes, Folk Culture. Archives of New Files in Warsaw [unpublished sourse], Mf Nr. B 11453 (2442). (In Polish) Archives of Polish Ethnological Society [unpublished sourse], No. inv. 16, 22, 31, 64, 66, 73, 74, 76, 77, 81, 87, 123, 124, 136, 154, 280, 281. (In Polish) Burszta, J., 1971. Ethnography of Poland and the Western Territories. Lud, 55, pp.15–28. (In Polish) Falkowski, J., 1931. Fischer A. Slavic Ethnography. First issue: Polabian Slavs. Lviv-Warsaw 1932. Published by Książnica-Atlas. Page 40 + 1 map, with 18 engravings in the test. Price: 2.40 PLN. Lud, 30, pp.239–240. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1932. Slavic Ethnography. First issue: Polabians. Lviv, Warsaw: Książni-ca-Atlas. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1932. Slavic Ethnography. Second issue: Lusatians. Lviv, Warsaw: Książnica-Atlas. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1934. Slavic Ethnography. Third issue: Poles. Lviv, Warsaw: Książnica-Atlas. (In Polish) Fischer, A., 1937. Trees in the beliefs and rituals of the Polish people, Lud, 35, pp.60–76. (In Polish) Kaminśkyj, W., 1927. Adam Fischer. Polish People. The Polish textbook, prepared with the allowance of the Ministry of Religious Denominations and Public Education. With 3 maps and 58 fig. in text. Lviv – Warsaw – Kraków 1926. S. IV + 240. Lud, 26, pp.104–106. (In Polish) Kujawska, M., Łuczaj, Ł., Sosnowska, J. and Klepacki, P., 2016. Plants in folk beliefs and customs – Adam Fischer’s Dictionary. Wrocław: PTL. (In Polish) Lorentz, F., Lehr-Spławiński, T. and Fischer, A., 1934. Kashubians: folk culture and language. Toruń: In-t Bałtycki. (In Polish) Program of lectures for the summer semester of 1910/1911 academic year. Emperor Francis I University in Lviv, 1911. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1st and 2nd trimester of the 1921/1922 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1921. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 3rd trimester of the 1921–1922 academic year. Jan Kazim-ierz University in Lviv, 1922. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1st and 2nd trimester of the 1922/1923 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1922. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1924/1925 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1924. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1925/1926 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1925. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1926/1927 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1926. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1927/1928 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1927. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1929/1930 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1929. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1930/1931 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1930. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1931/1932 academic year and the staff of the University in the 1930/1931 and 1931/1932 academic years. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1931. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures and the staff of the University in the 1932/1933 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1932. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1933/1934 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1933. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1934/1935 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1934. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1935/1936 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1935. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1937/1938 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1937. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) Program of lectures in the 1938/1939 academic year. Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv, 1938. Lviv: Scientific printing house. (In Polish) State Archives of Lviv Region, [unpublished sourse], f. 26, 2, 543; 5, 1956. (In Polish) Staff of the University and the lecture program for the summer semester of 1900/1901 academic year. Emperor Francis I University in Lviv, 1901. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish) Staff of the University and the lecture program for the winter semester of 1901/1902 academic year. Emperor Francis I University in Lviv, 1901. Lviv: First Union Printing House. (In Polish)

BackgroundTo examine the trends in activities of daily living (ADL) disability in older Chinese adults in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2012.MethodsUsing data from the Elderly Health Centres (EHCs) of the Department of Health comprising a total of 54 808 community-dwelling Chinese adults aged ≥65 years in 1 early cohort (1904–1917) and 10 3-year birth cohorts (1918–1920, 1921–1923, 1924–1926, 1927–1929, 1930–1932, 1933–1935, 1936–1938, 1939–1941, 1942–1944, 1945–1947), we examined trends in ADL disability by using age-period-cohort (APC) models. ADL disability was defined as being unable to perform at least 1 of 7 ADL activities (bathing, dressing, toileting, transferring, feeding, grooming, walking) independently. Cross-classified random-effects logistic regressions were performed for each of the APC trends with adjustment for age, period, cohort, sociodemographic, lifestyle, comorbidity and self-rated health.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 70.9±4.7 (range 65–99) years. The prevalence rate of ADL disability was 1.6%. ADL disability increased with age (p<0.001) and the gradient of the increase was steeper in the older age groups. At the same age, women (1.7%) were more likely to report ADL disability than men (1.4%, p=0.001). For both genders, there was an increase in ADL disability between 2003 and 2012; adjustment for age, cohort and other covariates has diminished the trends observed among men. There was no cohort effect in ADL disability.ConclusionsADL disability in older adults has increased over the last decade. Further study is required to identify possible causes behind the disability trends.

منذ تأسيس الجمهورية التركية عام 1923 ، سعى الرئيس التركي مصطفى كمال اتاتورك( 1923 – 1938 ) الى أنتهاج سياسة أستقلالية جديدة تطمح بالنهوض بواقع تركيا على مستوى جميع الاصعدة، وذلك من خلال فلسفته السياسية القائمة على (( السلم في الداخل، السلم في الخارج)) .حاولت تركيا تحسين علاقاتها مع جميع الدول ، وتاتي المجر ضمن تلك الدول، وذلك من خلال الزيارات الرسمية المتبادلة بين الطرفين ، وعقد بعض المعاهدات الدبلوماسية التي تقرب بين كلتا الدولتين .يسعى البحث الموسوم ب(( العلاقات التركية المجرية 1926 – 1931 )) لدراسة طبيعة الشراكة والتقارب السياسي بين تركيا والمجر خلال المدة الزمنية الممتدة بعد قيام الجمهورية التركية عام 1923 حتى نهاية أحداث الازمة الاقتصادية العالمية ، لما لها من أثر سياسي وأقتصادي لمجرى الاحداث الدولية في تلك المدة. قسمت الدراسة الى مقدمة ومبحثين وخاتمة، كرس المبحث الاول لدراسة ( المصالح المشتركة بين تركيا والمجر 1926-1928 ) ، اما المبحث الثاني فقد خصص لمعالجة ( العلاقات التركية المجرية 1929-1931 ) وهي المدة المحددة بأحداث الازمة الاقتصادية العالمية ، فضلاً عن خاتمة تضمن أهم نتائج البحث .

The article analyzes the structural features of the first Kazakh spelling rules. The structure of the Kazakh spelling, supplemented in 1914, 1918, 1920, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927 is described and compared with modern spelling articles. Spelling articles based on the principles of Akhmet Baitursynuly are considered to be the beginning of the spelling on the basis of the Latin script of 1929, as well as the spelling based on modern Cyrillic graphics. The article compares the spelling articles supplemented in different years and analyzes the structural features of the spelling articles.

The article analyzes the structural features of the first Kazakh spelling rules. The structure of the Kazakh spelling, supplemented in 1914, 1918, 1920, 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927 is described and compared with modern spelling articles. Spelling articles based on the principles of Akhmet Baitursynuly are considered to be the beginning of the spelling on the basis of the Latin script of 1929, as well as the spelling based on modern Cyrillic graphics. The article compares the spelling articles supplemented in different years and analyzes the structural features of the spelling articles.

Baseado em um estudo sobre o municipalismo e o urbanismo na Espanha na década de 1920, este artigo discute o processo histórico de elaboração do Estatuto Municipal, em 1924, e criação da Unión de Municipios Españoles (UME), em 1925. Nele, é-se analisada a formulação feita pelo campo profissional urbanístico, nos anos 1920, dos temas urbanos e regionais, presentes, por exemplo, no XI Congresso Nacional de Arquitetos (Primeiro de Urbanismo), ocorrido em 1926 na cidade de Madri, assim como as interpretações sobre esse contexto histórico-institucional. O foco do texto recai no papel da UME no estabelecimento de um diálogo entre o pensamento municipalista e urbanístico da Espanha; no entanto, é-se abordado, igualmente, o processo de interlocução internacional do municipalismo espanhol com a Europa e o Continente Americano, em defesa da cooperação intermunicipal. Além disso, ele trata dos debates sobre economia urbana municipal e urbanismo, analisados no IV Congreso Internacional de Ciudades y Organismos Locales, realizado em 1929 entre Sevilha e Barcelona.

Almost a century ago, the Swiss herpetologist Jean Roux described a new skink species, Mabuia wirzi, from a single specimen from Pulau Nias, an island on the west coast of Sumatra in Indonesia (Roux 1925). The specimen was part of a small collection of reptiles and amphibians made on Nias by the ethnologist Paul Wirz (29.v.1892–1955.i.30), who worked on Nias in 1925 and 1926 (Wirz 1928, 1929). Roux’s paper was published in October 1925, and hence the specimen would have come from Wirz’s first expedition, and would have been only recently preserved at the time of description.

В работе впервые представлены абсолютные и относительные показатели роста численности горожан крупных сибирских городов Барнаула и Бийска. Были сделаны выводы, что в рамках периода коэффициенты рождаемости в Барнауле были сверхвысокими, кроме 1916 г. и 1922 г. В Бийске показатели рождаемости были еще выше. Коэффициенты смертности также были очень высокими, в 1917 г. и 1920 г. сравнимыми с коэффициентами рождаемости, а в 1915 г. в Барнауле, в 1921 г. и 1922 г. в обоих городах эти коэффициенты были выше коэффициентов рождаемости, что вызвало отрицательный естественный прирост. Аномальные колебания коэффициентов на протяжении периода свидетельствовали о демографической катастрофе. Показатели брачности в 1913-1920 гг. были стабильно средними, с 1921-1927 гг. интенсивность брачности резко выросла, средний показатель был выше 15%о. С 1923 г. тенденцией динамики населения стало снижение смертности как следствие высокой брачности, последовательное увеличение прироста населения. Хронологические рамки исследования охватывают 1913-1927 гг. Выбор нижней границы объясняется возможностью сравнить довоенные «стабильные» коэффициенты с «нестабильными» послевоенными. Верхняя граница — 1927 г. — определяется резким увеличением коэффициента прироста населения в Барнауле. Цель исследования заключается в характеристике изменения режима воспроизводства населения в городах в указанный период. Выдвинуты задачи: на основе данных метрических книг и архивных документов определить изменение численности и режима воспроизводства горожан, выявить отличия в динамике населения Барнаула и Бийска.

Проаналізовано втілення в радянських художніх фільмах 1920-х – 1950-х рр. образів «ворога» та «героя» доби Української революції. Спираючись на підходи історичної імагології, відображено специфіку формування та пропагування кінематографічних образів, тематично пов’язаних із 1917–1921 рр. Підкреслено, що на думку партійних ідеологів кінематограф мав стати знаряддям поширення комуністичної ідеології та формування в суспільстві уявлень про революційне минуле. Встановлено, що зображення революційних подій через призму ідеологічних вимог влади було одним із провідних напрямків радянського кінематографа. Фільми різних жанрів відображали боротьбу більшовиків за встановлення та утримання влади у 1917–1921 рр., формували у глядачів стійкі візуальні образи «ворога» революції та «героя». З’ясовано, що ці образи мали відмінне змістове наповнення та екранне втілення у різні періоди розвитку радянського кінематографа. Так, у 1920-х роках у художніх фільмах «Остап Бандура» (1924 р.), «Пілсудський купив Петлюру» (1926 р.), «Два дні» (1927 р.), «Звенигора» (1927 р.), «Арсенал» (1929 р.) та ін. «ворогів» представляли підступними, продажними, безжальними і водночас жалюгідними та комічними. «Герої», не дивлячись на непривабливий зовнішній вигляд, показані близькими до глядача та переконаними в перемозі під час боротьби за революційну правду. У 1930-х роках, в умовах сформованої тоталітарної системи, протилежні образи зазнають певних змін і отримують додаткові риси. Так, у фільмах «Щорс» (1939 р.) та «Вершники» (1939 р.) «вороги» все більш скритні та лицемірні, а «герої» – відверті, цілеспрямовані, прямолінійні, впевнені в рішеннях і діях партійного керівництва. Встановлено, що головним персоніфікованим «ворогом» у радянському художньому кіно довоєнної доби став Симон Петлюра. У роки німецько-радянської війни та в післявоєнний період у фільмах «Олександр Пархоменко» (1942 р.) та «Правда» (1957 р.) «ворогів» зображували менш емоційно, але більш зневажливо – як невпевнених і безвольних, а революційних «героїв», навпаки – свідомими, врівноваженими, які діють за планом, розробленим вождями комуністичної партії. Доведено, що впродовж всього існування радянського кінематографа, протиставлення образів «ворога» і «героя» дозволяло показати неминучість поразки українських національних сил і перемоги більшовиків.

This work represents a provisional inventory of Asian species placed in the genus Zarcosia Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1996. Most of these species had not been reassigned since their original description under now obsolete genera, in spite of the morphological homogeneity of the genus Zarcosia Collado & Alonso-Zarazaga, 1996. The present work includes the following transfers resulting in 34 new combinations: Z. armipes (Fairmaire, 1896), comb. nov.; Z. batuensis (Werner, 1962), comb. nov.; Z. bipartita (Pic, 1901), comb. nov.; Z. capitalis (Pic, 1901), comb. nov.; Z. cephalica (Werner, 1962), comb. nov.; Z. dentatifemur (Pic, 1912), comb. nov.; Z. discoidalis (Pic, 1902), comb. nov.; Z. genjiensis (Pic, 1917), comb. nov.; Z. glaucescens (Champion, 1920), comb. nov.; Z. grandiceps (Pic, 1899), comb. nov.; Z. holosericea (Champion, 1916), comb. nov.; Z. javana (Pic, 1894), comb. nov.; Z. kempi (Blair, 1924), comb. nov.; Z. longithorax (Pic, 1899), comb. nov.; Z. lucifuga (Heberdey, 1931), comb. nov.; Z. luteitarsis (Champion, 1924), comb. nov.; Z. malayana (Werner, 1962), comb. nov.; Zarcosia nathani (Pic, 1943), comb. nov.; Z. nigrofasciata (Pic, 1899), comb. nov.; Z. obscuricornis (Pic, 1927), comb. nov.; Z. palliditarsis (Pic, 1912), comb. nov.; Z. patucki (Champion, 1924), comb. nov.; Z. picina (Fairmaire, 1893), comb. nov.; Z. plumbea (Champion, 1916), comb. nov.; Z. proprior (Pic, 1920), comb. nov.; Z. rubrobasalis (Pic, 1921), comb. nov.; Z. rufotestacea (Pic, 1901), comb. nov.; Z. sellata (Champion, 1916), comb. nov.; Z. sexdentata (Champion, 1924), comb. nov.; Z. subrobusta (Pic, 1943), comb. nov.; Z. subrufa (Champion, 1924), comb. nov.; Z. testaceitarsis (Pic, 1926), comb. nov.; Z. troglodytes (Champion, 1916), comb. nov.; Z. uncifer (Champion, 1916), comb. nov. In addition, based on the study of over 200 Asian specimens, the geographical distribution of each species is outlined. The study of numerous collections lead me to recognize 14 new species, distinguishable, at least by male genitalia, that I describe here: Zarcosia barlayi n. sp., Zarcosia bedosae n. sp., Zarcosia brunnea n. sp., Zarcosia deharvengi n. sp., Zarcosia gerstmeieri n. sp., Zarcosia ilonae n. sp., Zarcosia intermedia n. sp., Zarcosia lemairei n. sp., Zarcosia schawalleri n. sp., Zarcosia sinuata n. sp., Zarcosia spinifemur n. sp. Zarcosia srilankaensis n. sp., Zarcosia sumatrensis n. sp. and Zarcosia weigeli n. sp. Finally, I propose a new synonymy for Hylophilus picinus var. rufescens Pic, 1905 = Zarcosia picina (Fairmaire, 1893), syn. nov. and design two lectotypes, for Xylophilus picinus, Fairmaire, 1893, pres. design. and for Zarcosia subglaber Pic, 1952 pres. design.

Trata-se de uma investigação que, à luz da história cultural, busca compreender cinco eventos ocorridos no Brasil nos anos 1920: Conferência Interestadual do Ensino Primário (Brasil, 1922); Congresso de Ensino Primário e Normal (Paraná, 1926); Primeiro Congresso de Instrução Primária (Minas Gerais, 1927a); Primeira Conferência Estadual do Ensino Primário (Santa Catarina, 1927); Primeira Conferência Nacional de Educação (1927), promovida por intermédio da Associação Brasileira de Educação. Como hipótese investigativa, apresenta-se a seguinte questão: que representações são possíveis de serem interpretadas acerca do campo educacional brasileiro nos ritos e nas materialidades das conferências e dos congressos ocorridos nos anos 1920? O percurso teórico-metodológico circundou referenciais da história cultural, considerando os conceitos de cultura material e representação.

The paper evaluates the growth, structure, production, quality, leaf area index and dendrochronology of 100 years old Austrian pine (Pinus nigra ARNOLD) monoculture situated in the forest type group Fageto-Quercetum in the locality Horn&eacute; Lefantovce (Nitrianska Streda Forest District, Topoľčianky Forest Enterprise). Codominant trees, trees with stem of high quality, with medium-sized crown, medium dense and straight crown are the most abundant in the stand. The tree number in the stand is 1,024 trees/ha, basal area 51.75 m2/ha, growing stock 571.56 m3/ha, aboveground biomass stock 348.76 t/ha and leaf area index 21.85 ha/ha. Dendrochronological analyses examined the response in individual sample trees and minimum annual ring width was found in 1920, 1922, 1925, 1929, 1933, 1938, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1954, 1963, 1968, 1976, 1982, 1990, 1993, 1998, 2001. Marked maximum values of annual ring width in the years 1919, 1923, 1926, 1930, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1948, 1951, 1955, 1959, 1966, 1972, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1997 were found as a positive productive feature. Beginning in the year 1993, dry Austrian pine trees occurred in the stand as a result of&nbsp;the fungal infection by Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko et Sutton.

AbstractThe schooner Polar Bear is best known for whaling and trading voyages in the Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort seas 1911–15, and as one of the vessels of Stefansson's Canadian Arctic Expedition 1915–18. This article summarizes her later career. In 1920 she ran aground in the Kolyma Delta and was abandoned. Refloated by a Soviet captain and crew in 1925 she was used to haul much-needed supplies from a cache near Chaunskaya Guba to Nizhnekolymsk. Renamed Polyarnaya Zvezda, in 1926 she made the first coastwise voyage of modern times from the Kolyma to the Lena, inaugurating a regular sea link with the Lena basin. In 1927 she carried building materials for a scientific station from Tiksi at the mouth of the Lena to Mys Shalaurova on Ostrov Bol'shoy Lyakhovskiy. After wintering at Yakutsk, in summer 1928 she towed a barge laden with supplies for the station down river to Tiksi and carried supplies and personnel to the station to Mys Shalaurova. The station is still in operation, an integral component of the network of support facilities which enables the Northern Sea Route to function. In 1929 the schooner was reported unfit for further duties; her subsequent fate is unknown.

The genus Neorthrius Gerstmeier & Eberle, 2011 is taxonomically revised to include sixty-one species. The following thirty-one species are described as new: Neorthrius aduncus n. sp., Neorthrius aurantiacus n. sp., Neorthrius bipunctatus n. sp., Neorthrius bonasus n. sp., Neorthrius brunnorbis n. sp., Neorthrius buteocoloratus n. sp., Neorthrius cechovskyi n. sp., Neorthrius centromaculatus n. sp., Neorthrius chiangmaii n. sp., Neorthrius cornutus n. sp., Neorthrius crassopunctatus n. sp., Neorthrius ebenus n. sp., Neorthrius elegantulus n. sp., Neorthrius fortecruris n. sp., Neorthrius fulvus n. sp., Neorthrius fuscomaculosus n. sp., Neorthrius guttatus n. sp., Neorthrius longulus n. sp., Neorthrius majae n. sp., Neorthrius mariannae n. sp., Neorthrius molestus n. sp., Neorthrius schnitzeli n. sp., Neorthrius serratus n. sp., Neorthrius sexmaculatus n. sp., Neorthrius sigmoideus n. sp., Neorthrius tenuistriatus n. sp., Neorthrius tulipae n. sp., Neorthrius unicolor n. sp., Neorthrius uniformis n. sp., Neorthrius volsella n. sp. and Neorthrius zebrinus n. sp.. The following taxa, described as varietal forms, are raised to the rank of species and transferred from Orthrius Gorham, 1876: Orthrius striatopunctatus var. bimaculatus Schenkling, 1901 and Orthrius striatopunctatus var. brunneus n. syn. = Neorthrius bimaculatus (Schenkling, 1901) n. comb., n. stat.; Orthrius tarsalis var. obscurus Schenkling, 1906 = Neorthrius obscurus (Schenkling, 1906) n. comb., n. stat.; Orthrius posticalis var. nigricollis Corporaal 1926a: 180 = Neorthrius nigricollis (Corporaal, 1926), n. stat., n. comb. The following new synonymies are proposed: Orthrius deboyssyi Pic, 1951 n. syn. is synonymized with Neorthrius crassipes (Chapin, 1928) n. comb. Orthrius nigromaculatus Pic, 1951 n. syn. is synonymized with Neorthrius bimaculatus (Schenkling, 1901) n. comb. Orthrius rufitarsis Pic, 1932 n. syn., n. comb. is synonymized with Neorthrius obscurus (Schenkling, 1906). The following species are transferred to Neorthrius from Orthrius: Neorthrius angusticollis (Schenkling, 1902), n. comb., Neorthrius bengalus (Westwood, 1852) n. comb., Neorthrius bicrucis (Chapin, 1924) n. comb., Neorthrius brachialis (Gorham, 1893) n. comb., Neorthrius carinifrons (Schenkling, 1900) n. comb., Neorthrius crassipes (Chapin, 1928) n. comb., Neorthrius feae (Gorham, 1892) n. comb., Neorthrius grandjeani (Pic, 1932) n. comb.,in Neorthrius haemorrhoidalis (Schenkling, 1906) n. comb., Neorthrius innotatus (Pic, 1925) n. comb., Neorthrius madurensis (Gorham, 1895) n. comb., Neorthrius massiliensis (Pic, 1951) n. comb., Neorthrius octopunctatus (Schenkling, 1906) n. comb., Neorthrius pallidus (Chapin, 1924) n. comb., Neorthrius posticalis (Westwood, 1852) n. comb., Neorthrius pygidialis (Corporaal, 1949) n. comb., Neorthrius sexplagiatus (Schenkling, 1908) ) n. comb., Neorthrius sinensis (Gorham, 1876) n. comb., Neorthrius subfasciatus (Westwood, 1849) n. comb., Neorthrius subscalaris (Pic, 1954) n. comb., Neorthrius subsimilis (White, 1849) n. comb., Neorthrius subunicolor (Pic, 1935) n. comb., Neorthrius sulcatus (Pic, 1926) n. comb., Neorthrius sumatranus (Schenkling, 1899) n. comb., Neorthrius tarsalis (Gorham, 1892) n. comb. A key to species, color photographs of the habitus, the genitalia, the terminal abdominal segments and distribution maps are provided.