Journal articles: '1918-1944'

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Шишка, О. В. "Картографування Львова (1918 - 1944 рр.)." Вісник геодезії та картографії, no. 1 (76) (2012): 44–47.

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MEYER, WILLIAM R. "The Junior Art Department 1918-1944." Journal of Art & Design Education 7, no. 2 (June 1988): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-8070.1988.tb00432.x.

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Wrzesinski, Wojciech. "L'Allemagne et la Pologne : 1918-1944-2000..." Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps 61, no. 1 (2001): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/mat.2001.403255.

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JAKIMAVIČIŪTĖ, IVETA. "1918–1944 METŲ LIETUVOS KNYGOS VEIKĖJŲ BIOGRAFISTIKOS ŠALTINIAI." Knygotyra 48 (January 1, 2015): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kn.v48i0.8121.

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Vilniaus universiteto Knygotyros ir dokumentotyros institutasUniversiteto g. 3, 01513 Vilnius, LietuvaEl. paštas: iveta.jakimaviciute@kf.vu.ltŠiame straipsnyje siekiama išanalizuoti pagrindinius ir gausia informacija vertingus publikuotus 1918–1944 metų knygos veikėjų biografistikos šaltinius ir remiantis gautais rezultatais suformuluoti argumentuotas išvadas apie juos ir juose paskelbtą informaciją, susijusią su lietuvių knygos veikėjais. Lietuvių tautinė kultūra aptariamu laikotarpiu buvo kuriama daugelio to meto iškilių asmenybių. Biografinių leidinių pagrindiniai kūrėjai, pagal kurių nužymėtus orientyrus buvo plėtojama ši tema, būtų prof. Vaclovas Biržiška, Ansas Bruožis, Antanas Milukas, Petras Ruseckas, Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas. Straipsnyje analizuojami šių autorių parengti reikšmingi leidiniai, kurie tapo pagrindiniais knygos veikėjų biografistikos šaltiniais ir neprarado mokslinės vertės iki šiol. Juos galima laikyti pirmosios lietuviškos knygotyrinės biografistikos mokyklos atstovais, nubrėžusiais aiškią tyrimo kryptį ir sukūrusiais tolesnių mokslinių tyrinėjimų metodiką. Svarbiu biografinės informacijos šaltiniu laikytina ir 1918–1944 metais Nepriklausomoje Lietuvoje ėjusi periodinė spauda: „Bibliografijos žinios“, „Mūsų Senovė“, „XXVII knygos mėgėjų metraštis“, „Kultūra“, „Literatūros naujienos“ ir kt. Atlikus analizę prieita prie išvados, kad 1918–1944 metų knygos veikėjų biografistikos šaltiniai nėra gausūs. Jų rengimas ir publikavimas buvo ypač svarbus ir aktualus to meto kultūrai ir švietimui. Neabejotina, kad daug pastangų juos rengiant įdėjo J. Tumas-Vaižgantas, P. Ruseckas V. Biržiška ir kt. Šiam laikotarpiui buvo būdinga skaityti paskaitas apie asmenis, vėliau jas skelbti periodinėje spaudoje, o papildytas ar pakoreguotas išleisti atskiromis knygomis ar keliolikos puslapių knygelėmis. Darant tai skubotai dažnai pasitaikydavo netikslumų ar net išgalvotų faktų, o biografinės žinios būdavo fragmentiškos, pateikiami tik tam tikri epizodai ar jų nuotrupos. Tai ypač būdinga Vaižgantui, dėl to jis dažnai sulaukdavo kritikos. Nors 1918–1944 metų leidiniai ir periodikos straipsniai dažniausiai rašyti ne moksliniais, bet publicistiniais sumetimais, nors jie nebuvo aukšto teorinio lygio ir išsamūs, nors juose trūko įžvalgų ir pačių rengėjų įvertinimo, vis dėlto čia tyrėjai ras ypač vertingų duomenų apie knygos veikėjus.

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Tamulevičienė, Daiva, and Jonas Mackevičius. "Development of product costing in Lithuania (1918–2019)." Buhalterinės apskaitos teorija ir praktika, no. 20 (November 26, 2019): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/batp.2019.10.

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Appropriate product costing helps not only to estimate the cost of production correctly but also to evaluate the activity results, forecast product prices, make reasonable economic decisions. The article analyses the development of product costing in Lithuania from 1918 to 2019. The following stages of development of product costing were distinguished: 1) between the world wars when Lithuania was independent and during the Second world war (1918–1944); 2) during the years of Soviet occupation (1944–1990); 3) after reinstating the independence of Lithuania (1990–2019). The most important provisions of normative documents related to product costing of every stage were analysed, opinions, statements and suggestions how to improve product costing by different Lithuanian authors were evaluated.

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MÖLDRE, AILE, and TIIU REIMO. "1918–1944 METŲ ESTŲ KNYGOTYROS ISTORIOGRAFIJA IR ŠALTINIAI." Knygotyra 48 (January 1, 2015): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kn.v48i0.8113.

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Department of Information Sciences, Tallinn University25 Narva Road, 10120 Tallinn, EstoniaE-mail: Tiiu.Reimo@tlu.ee; Aile.Moldre@tlu.eeStraipsnis apibūdina estų knygotyros formavimąsi ir raidą 1918–1944 metais, pateikia šio laikotarpio tyrimų antroje XX a. pusėje apžvalgą. Knygotyra kaip savarankiška tyrimų sritis Estijoje pradėjo formuotis trečiajame XX a. dešimtmetyje. Friedrichas Puksoo ir Richardas Antikas tapo žymiausiais tyrinėtojais. F. Puksoo yra pirmosios apžvalginės estų knygos istorijos, išleistos 1933 m., autorius. R. Antikas atliko reikšmingų darbų bibliografijos ir spaudos statistikos srityse. 1918–1944 m. estų kalba paskelbtos 138 knygotyros publikacijos. Jų analizė rodo reikšmingą publikacijų skaičiaus augimą 1935–1936 m., kai buvo minimi Knygos metai. Ketvirtajame dešimtmetyje knygotyra tapo savarankiška tyrimų sritimi, apėmusia ir istorinius, ir šiuolaikinius knygotyros klausimus. Straipsnyje pateikiama teminė publikacijų analizė, leidžianti jas visas skirstyti į aštuonias grupes: bendro pobūdžio darbai, spaustuvių, leidybos ir knygos platinimo tyrimai, knygos menas, konkrečios knygos tyrimai, statistinė analizė ir darbai apie bibliofiliją. Daugiausia buvo išspausdinta bendro pobūdžio darbų (34); spaustuvių istorijos, knygų platinimo, konkrečių knygų ir knygos meno publikacijos taip pat buvo populiarios, o mažiausiai pasirodė publikacijų bibliofilijos tema (8). To laikotarpio tyrinėtojų įnašas į knygotyrą: sukaupta vertinga faktinė medžiaga, išplėtoti pagrindiniai knygos statistikos principai, parengti pirmieji bendro pobūdžio knygos istorijos darbai. Pirmuoju pokario dešimtmečiu, stalininiu laikotarpiu, 1918–1940 m. knygos istorijos tyrimai buvo nuvertinti. Tuo metu pradėti knygų leidybos ir platinimo tyrimai kiek pagyvėjo tik aštuntajame dešimtmetyje. Reikšmingiausia tyrinėtoja Mare Lott paskelbė straipsnių estų ir užsienio kalbomis. Geriausiai jos tyrimų rezultatai pateikti neišleistoje disertacijoje. Platesnei publikai jie prieinami per kolektyvinę monografiją Estijos knyga 1525–1975 metais, išleistą 1978 metais. Mare Lott vadovaujami studentai parašė daug baigiamųjų ir bakalauro darbų, tačiau šie rezultatai taip pat nebuvo paskelbti. Nuo perestroikos pradžios šio laikotarpio tyrimams taikomi ideologiniai varžtai buvo nuimti, tačiau knygos tyrimai tuo metu nebuvo intensyvūs. Reikšmingiausias laimėjimas – tai straipsnių rinkinys, skirtas F. Puksoo ir R. Antikui. Talino universitetas suformavo tyrinėtojų grupę, kuri rengia išsamų to laikotarpio knygotyros darbą, kad šiuolaikiniu požiūriu būtų įvertintas visas šis palikimas.

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Gaffer, Nowar. "THE GRADUATES` NATIONAL MOVEMENT IN SUDAN, 1918-1944." SEJARAH 20, no. 20 (December 20, 2012): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol20no20.6.

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8

Kucherenko, Svitlana. "Yuri Lypa’s religiousness (1900–1944)." Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, no. 4 (352) (2022): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2022-4(352)-120-129.

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The article deals with the presence of religion in the life and work of Ukrainian public and cultural figure, doctor, writer and thinker Yuri Lypa. The definition of „religiousness” is given, relevant biographical facts found, non-random works are analyzed. Yuriy Lypa is a native of Poltava region (town of Stari Sanzhary, April 22, 1900, 5.05 in the new style). After the adoption by his family of his father – a doctor, writer, politician Ivan Lypa – he lived in the Odessa region (1909-1918). Participant in revolutionary events in Odessa (1917–1918), co-founder of the publishing house „Narodni Styag” (1917–1936). Yu. Lypa studied law at Odessa (1918) and Kamyanets-Podilsky (1919–1920) universities and medicine at the universities of Poznan (1922–1928) and Vilno (1932). During 1929–1943 Yu. Lypa lived in Warsaw, where he carried out his medical, literary, scientific and public activities. Member and co-organizer of the literary groups „Soncecvit” (1921) and „Tank” (1929), the Ukrainian student corporation „Chornomore” (1925–1933), the Ukrainian Economic Bureau (1933–1934); Ukrainian Black Sea Institute (1940–1944). Yu. Lypa’s creative legacy includes more than 360 poetic and prose works, publicistic and medical works. The last year of his life (1943–1944) was in the Lviv region (Yavoriv, Buniv and Ivanyky). Yu. Lypa was tortured by the enkavedysts on August 19, 1944 for being a UPA doctor. From many interpretations of religiosity as spirituality and faith, religious knowledge and practices, the subjective manifestation of the existence of religion, etc., to analyze the emergence of this worldview trait chosen understanding of the phenomenon by the Pope Ivan Pavlo II: „Religiousness originates from a deep human desire for truth and underlies the free and personal search for the divine”. Yuri Lypa’s religiousness arose and deepened under the external influence (origination, upbringing, environment) and the internal needs of personal development, as well as a result of his spiritual experience, including spiritual practices.

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9

Савчук, В. С. "Публікаційна активність шевченкознавців у виданнях Академії наук України: (1918–1944)." Наддніпрянська Україна: історичні процеси, події, постаті, Вип. 12 (2014): 200–211.

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10

ZANDERS, VIESTURS. "1918–1944 METŲ LATVIJOS KNYGININKYSTĖS TYRIMAI: AUTORIAI, TEMOS, LEIDINIAI, SPAUDA." Knygotyra 48 (January 1, 2015): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/kn.v48i0.8112.

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Knygininkystės tyrimai Latvijoje pradėti XVIII amžiuje, kai pasirodė pastoriaus ir bibliofilo L. Bergmanno esė apie Rygos spaustuves. Kai kurias svarbias leidyklas aprašė A. Bucholtzas ir A. Poelchau XIX a. – XX a. pradžioje.Nors Latvijos valstybės įkūrimas 1918 m. savaime sudarė naujas knygų leidybos sąlygas, jis neatnešė esminių knygininkystės tyrimo permainų. Ne taip kaip kitoms humanitarinių tyrimų sritims, knygotyrai valstybė neskyrė finansinės paramos ir nesukūrė institucijų. Tyrimo darbą dirbo ne tik specialistai (leidėjai, spaustuvininkai ir bibliografai), bet ir kitų sričių tyrinėtojai (istorikai, kalbininkai, literatūrologai).Kai kurias naujas mintis apie viduramžių ir reformacijos laikotarpio Livonijos knygos kultūrą paskelbė Baltijos šalių vokiečių kilmės istorikas L. Arbusowas. Bibliofilo J. Misinio ir istoriko V. Pengeroto darbai nagrinėjo spaustuvių istoriją Latvijoje. V. Pengeroto Latvijos knygininkystės apžvalga buvo išspausdinta leidinyje „Gutenberg-Jahrbuch“ (1935).Periodiniame leidinyje „Latvju Grāmata“ (Latvijos knyga, 1922–1931) buvo skelbiama įvairi informacija apie to meto Latvijos ir užsienio knygininkystę, tačiau mokslinių darbų buvo mažai. Dėl negausių skaitytojų ir pasaulinės ekonominės krizės ketvirtajame dešimtmetyje žlugo žurnalas „Latvijas Grāmatrūpniecības Apskats“ (Latvijos knygų gamybos apžvalga, 1928–1931). Žurnale „Bibliotekārs“ (Bibliotekininkas, 1937–1940), kurį leido Latvijos bibliotekininkų draugija, buvo išspausdintas reikšmingas jo redaktoriaus ir bibliofilo G. Šaurumo straipsnis apie senuosius latviškus spaudinius užsienio biblio tekose. Per 30 publikacijų įvairiais knygininkystės klausimais (tarp jų apie Latvijos XVI–XVIII amžiaus knygas ir mokymo literatūrą) pasirodė leidinyje „Izglītības Ministrijas Mēnešraksts“ (Švietimo ministerijos mėnraštis, 1920–1939). Reikia pažymėti, kad tuo laikotarpiu sukaupta faktinė medžiaga vėliau buvo naudojama monografijose apie Latvijos knygininkystę, išleistose septintajame ir aštuntajame XX a. dešimtmetyje. Tuo metu taip pat pasirodė populiari Latvijos knygininkystės studija Knyga, jos istorija (K. Dziļleja, 1935). Išleisti reprezentaciniai leidiniai apie Latvijos knygų parodas Maskvoje (1940) ir Leipcige (1942). Vokiečių okupacijos metais pasirodė knygininkystės problemas nagrinėjančių straipsnių „Izglītības Mēnešraksts“ (Švietimo mėnraštis, 1942–1944) ir „Latvju Grāmatnieks“ (Latvijos bibliofilas, 1943–1944). Latvijos nepriklausomybės praradimas ilgam sustabdė šalies knygotyros raidą. Kai kurie autoriai (K. Draviņš) dirbo tremtyje. Kiti (J. Straubergs, K. Egle) negalėjo atsidėti moksliniam darbui, nes sovietų valdžia draudė jiems dirbti profesinį darbą universitetuose ir bibliotekose.

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Bondžić, Dragomir. "KRALJEVINA JUGOSLAVIJA I DUNAV. DUNAVSKA POLITIKA JUGOSLOVENSKE KRALJEVINE 1918-1944." Srpska politička misao 46, no. 4 (2014): 364–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/spm.4642014.22.

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Biddiscombe, Perry. "The End of the Freebooter Tradition: The Forgotten Freikorps Movement of 1944/45." Central European History 32, no. 1 (March 1999): 53–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900020641.

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One of the difficulties in thinking about postwar German history comes in trying to explain the apparent absence of a paramilitary effervescence accompanying the collapse of the Third Reich. Independent military formations—Freikorps—had played a role during the 1806–1813 period, and such units had appeared again during the stormy years from 1918 to 1923, so the seeming absence of such formations in 1944/45 is quite noticeable. Charles Maier called it one of the major surprises of postwar European politics. To some extent, this perception is illusory; in truth, there were a number of Freikorps launched in 1944/45, although they failed to make a military or political impact and were therefore quickly forgotten. Considering the integral connection between previous Freikorps and the development of modern German nationalism, their relative absence in 1944/45 warrants the historian’s attention.

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Nikolic-Fuss, Sandrine. "Le Théâtre municipal de Strasbourg entre guerre et paix, 1918-1944." Relations internationales 155, no. 3 (2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ri.155.0075.

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Michalska-Bracha, Lidia. "Środowisko intelektualne Towarzystwa Miłośników Przeszłości Lwowa (1906-1939)." Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe 13 (December 13, 2021): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/kpk.13.2021.13.09.

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THE INTELLECTUAL MILIEU CHARACTERISING THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS OF THE PAST OF LVIV (1906-1939) The paper is an attempt to characterise the Society of Friends of the Past of Lviv in the years 1906-1939 (with a 1914-1926 break); the community of Lviv historians, journalists, museologists, and archivists around this Society, and various forms and manifestations of their activity. The Society contributed to the development of research in the field of regional history, and studies on the history of Lviv, its culture and monuments. Among the co-founders of the Society were famous Lviv historians, including Aleksander Czołowski (1865-1944), Ludwik Kubala (1838-1918), Józef Białynia-Chołodecki (1852-1934), and the vice-mayor of the city of Lviv, Tadeusz Rutowski (1852-1918).

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Mudrák, József. "Felsőoktatási és tudományos intézmények képviselete a magyar Országgyűlés Felsőházában 1927-1944." Gerundium 9, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.29116/gerundium/2018/4/5.

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Representation of the Higher Educational and Scientific Institutions in the Upper House of the Hungarian Parliament in 1927–1944. The Upper House, what was the second chamber of the Hungarian Parliament, was functioning between 1927 and 1944 and followed the image of the Main House (House of Magnets) before 1918, but operated in a more democratic spirit and structure. Besides the aristocrats and the leaders of the church, the representatives of the higher educational and scientific institutions, and economic organizations deserved a place. The study overviews the Upper House representation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, universities in the capital and in the country, other scientific organizations, and other institutions of higher education, and there is enclosed a list of the representatives of the above mentioned institutions exactly to the day.

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Sosonkina, V. F., and Y. A. Sheryakova. "Formation and development of the State pharmacy service in Minsk (1918-1944)." REMEDIUM 26, no. 3 (December 15, 2022): 270–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32687/1561-5936-2022-26-3-270-275.

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An article is dedicated by 100-year anniversary of establishment of the Republican commercial and industrial unitary company “BELPHARMATSIYA”. The article presents brief historical information about administrative-territorial structure of Belarus, socialist transformation in pharmacy in difficult military, political and economic conditions: formation of pharmacy management bodies, nationalization of pharmacies in Minsk, formation of self-accounting pharmacy administration in 1922 and its reorganization in subsequent years. Specify difficulties in work of pharmacy administration due to lack of medicines, pharmaceutical personal and overcoming them. Reflected clandestine activities of pharmacists in the years of Great Patriotic War.

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Brunnbauer, Ulf. "Demography and Nation. Social Legislation and Population Policy in Bulgaria, 1918–1944." Social History 37, no. 3 (August 2012): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2012.696845.

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Jones, Richard, and Philippe Prevost. "La France et la Canada: D'une apres-guerre a l'autre (1918-1944)." American Historical Review 102, no. 1 (February 1997): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2171313.

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LANDMANN, Tomasz. "LEGAL REGULATIONS IN THE FIELD OF CULTURAL HERITAGE PROTECTION IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 1944-1989 IN TERMS OF CULTURAL SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY." Journal of Science of the Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces 186, no. 4 (October 2, 2017): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7221.

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The article attempts to analyze the meaning of legal regulations developed in the field of cultural heritage protection in the years 1944-1989. It has been argued that these years were markedly different in terms of law in the sphere of cultural heritage protection than the period between 1918 and 1939 analyzed by the author in another article. The author decided to refer to legal acts and literature in the form of elaborations and magazines in the field of monuments protection. The specificity of the chosen subject and problem required the choice of a scientific method in the form of legal acts analysis, supported by literature review. The presented information shows that the period between 1944 and 1989 was characterized by a different approach of the Polish authorities towards the issue of cultural heritage protection in comparison to the years 1918-1939. The mentioned protection had an instrumental character and was one of the political-ideological tools influencing the society. Furthermore, the growth of legal protection of cultural assets in the age of the PRL took place in the conditions of centralized administration that adopted the idea of social distribution of many such assets, which led to devastation of numerous immovable monuments and sometimes also the antique furnishings. All the introduced legal regulations required a thorough change and redefinition of the legal status after the political-structural transformation of 1989.

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Sibul, Karin. "SYMBOLIC CAPITAL AND DIPLOMATIC INTERPRETING IN THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA (1918–1940)." Vertimo studijos 7, no. 7 (April 5, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2014.7.10528.

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This article aims to expand on our knowledge of interpreting and interpreters in the early years of the Republic of Estonia’s creation of symbolic capital (1918–1940). The authors’ point of departure is the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s definition of symbolic capital. She has researched the evolution in interpreting in Estonia during three phases (1918–1940, 1944–1991 and 1991 to the present day) and, although the article is limited to diplomatic interpreting and the growth of the newly independent Republic of Estonia’s symbolic capital via interpreting in diplomatic intercourse, it represents a new approach in the descriptive history of interpretation in Estonia. During that period, diplomatic interpreting supported the Republic of Estonia’s aspirations to be recognised and accepted as an independent state in world politics. The years 1918–1940 were studied by analysing 36 memoirs, newspaper articles covering interpreting from the Estonian Literary Museum’s collection, diplomatic correspondence as well as the minutes of the Tartu Peace negotiations with Russia in 1919–1920, which are preserved in the State Archive of Estonia.

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Ilnicki, Stanisław. "Płk dr med. Adolf Malinowski (1891–1962), zasłużony polski psychiatra wojskowy i sądowy." Lekarz Wojskowy 99, no. 3 (September 3, 2021): 140–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53301/lw.2069.

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Tematem pracy są życie i dokonania płk. dr. med. Adolfa Malinowskiego (1891–1962) w dziedzinie psychiatrii wojskowej i sądowej. Omówiono jego rodowód, przebieg nauki szkolnej i studiów w Cesarskiej Wojskowo-Medycznej Akademii (VMA) w Petersburgu (2010–2014), służbę lekarza pułkowego w armii rosyjskiej podczas I wojny światowej (1914–1918) i w I Korpusie Polskim (1918) oraz pracę cywilną po demobilizacji (1918–1920). Przedstawiono przebieg służby w Wojsku Polskim: w wojnie polsko-bolszewickiej 1920 r., w Szpitalu Obszaru Warownego Wilno (1922–1934), Szpitalu Szkolnym CWSan. w Warszawie (1934–1939) oraz w wojnie obronnej 1939 r. Scharakteryzowano jego pracę w Szpitalu Ujazdowskim w okresie okupacji niemieckiej i podczas powstania warszawskiego (1939–1944). Opisano również przebieg służby wojskowej płk. A. Malinowskiego po II wojnie światowej oraz pracę naukowo-dydaktyczną w Klinice Psychiatrycznej Akademii Medycznej w Gdańsku (1947–1954), po zwolnieniu z wojska. Przedstawiono spis jego publikacji naukowych i wybrane z nich cytaty. Przytoczono opinie przełożonych, współpracowników i kolegów, charakteryzujące osobę dr. med. A. Malinowskiego oraz jego etos jako lekarza i oficera WP.

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Kubasik, Adam. "Postawa metropolity Andrzeja Szeptyckiego wobec skomplikowanych stosunków polsko-ukraińskich w latach 1918-1944." Nasza Przeszłość 129 (June 30, 2018): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52204/np.2018.129.341-363.

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Metropolita Szeptycki objął przywództwo w Cerkwi w najtrudniejszym okresie stosunków polsko-ukraińskich. Rozpoczynając swoją posługę biskupią zapewniał, że darzy Polaków szacunkiem. Jednak mimo łagodnego początku prowadził antypolską politykę. Zarówno w czasie wojny ukraińsko-polskiej w 1918 r. o Galicję Wschodnią, jak i w czasie rzezi ludności polskiej przez szowinistów ukraińskich na Wołyniu i Małopolsce Wschodniej w czasie II wojny światowej zachowywał się raczej jak polityk a nie duszpasterz. Gdy abp. Bilczewski, a potem abp. Twardowski zwrócili się do niego z prośbą o powstrzymanie mordowania polskiej ludności cywilnej, udawał, że nie wie o co chodzi. Czasami można było odnieść wrażenie, że zapominał, że jego najważniejszym zadaniem jest głoszenie Ewangelii. Dla niego polityczne interesy Ukraińców czasami były ważniejsze. Zamiast dążyć do pojednania polsko-ukraińskiego wspierał ukraińskich nacjonalistów w ich walce z Polakami. Postępowanie Szeptyckiego doprowadziło do poważnego ochłodzenia jego relacji z polskimi biskupami.

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Martens, Stefan. "Frankreich zwischen „Histoire contemporaine” und „Histoire du temps présent”." Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 55, no. 4 (October 15, 2007): 583–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/vfzg.2007.55.4.583.

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Vorspann Weshalb gibt es ein Institut für Zeitgeschichte in Frankreich – mit dem Institut d’histoire du temps présent – eigentlich erst seit Ende der 1970er Jahre? Und welchen Charakter hatten die anders gearteten Institutionen, die in unserem großen Nachbarland für die „Geschichte der Mitlebenden“ nach 1918 bzw. nach 1944 (hier vor allem das Comité d’histoire de la Deuxiéme Guerre mondiale) zuständig waren? Antworten auf diese Fragen gibt Stefan Martens, Stellvertreter des Direktors des Deutschen Historischen Instituts Paris, indem er die Entwicklung der französischen Zeitgeschichtslandschaft bis hin zu ihren gegenwärtigen Problemen einer Analyse unterzieht.

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Leonavičienė, Aurelija. "Origins and Developments of Translation Theory in Lithuania from 1918 to 1990." Translationes 10, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tran-2018-0004.

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Abstract This article presents an analysis of the reasons and the specificities of the development of translation theory in one of the three post-Soviet Baltic countries, Lithuania, since the first half of the 20th century until 1990. The analysis considers the historical and political circumstances characterising the period of Lithuania’s Independence (1918-1940) as well as the Soviet period (1940-1941 and 1944-1990). The discussion of the development of translation theory in Lithuania helps to reveal general features relevant to the context of translation studies in Latvia and Estonia as well, because the historical and political experiences of these Baltic countries have been similar to those of Lithuania.

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Baghiu, Ștefan. "Translations of Novels in the Romanian Culture during the Interwar Period and WWII (1918-1944): A Quantitative Perspective." Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 7, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2021.12.02.

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This article continues the quantitative analysis of translations of novels in Romania for the 1918-1944 period. Baghiu discusses the decay of the French novel (from almost 70% of the total of translated novels during the long 19th century to almost 43% during the interwar period), and the case of two competitors in the second line of translations (American and Russian). The article turns then to the European and Global peripheries from the perspective of the colonial ‘20s and ‘30s, and discusses the eco narratives of the Nordic novel, and the identity function of the Asian novel within this translationscape.

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Słabińska, Elżbieta. "Ewolucja działań publicznych służb zatrudnienia w latach 1918-1939 i 1944-1949. Zarys problematyki." Optimum. Economic Studies, no. 2(96) (2019): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/oes.2019.02.96.07.

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Fabréguet, Michel. "Dorothea Bohnekamp, De Weimar à Vichy. Les Juifs d’Allemagne en République 1918-1940/1944." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 50, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 213–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/allemagne.694.

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Behrends, Jan C. "Nation and Empire: Dilemmas of Legitimacy during Stalinism in Poland (1941–1956)." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 4 (July 2009): 443–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990902985686.

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IntroductionIn 1944 Poland was re-established for the second time in the twentieth century. Between the Lublin manifesto of 22 July 1944 and the Potsdam conference of summer 1945 a communist-dominated regime had formed, which was had little in common with the Second Republic that had been founded between the declaration of independence on 9 November 1918 and the peace of Riga with Bolshevik Russia signed in March 1921. Post-war Poland was significantly smaller, geographically further to the west, and ethnically more homogeneous. The Holocaust had destroyed Europe's most sizeable Jewish population, the loss of the kresy (eastern borderlands) to the USSR had reduced the size of eastern-Slavic minorities and the expulsion of the Germans from East Prussia, Pomerania and Silesia further helped to create an ethnically homogeneous country. For the first time in her history, Poland had the structure of a nation-state. Through the destruction and catastrophe of Nazi occupation and genocide the goal of firebrand Polish nationalists such as Roman Dmowski had been achieved: a Poland inhabited by ethnic Poles. Still, the new Poland was less independent than its predecessor; from 1944 onwards it was part of the emerging post-war Soviet Empire. Polish sovereignty had fallen victim to Stalin's “revolutionary-imperial paradigm.” Expansion of Moscow's power was as much a priority of the Soviet leadership as the export of Bolshevik revolution.

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Marusik, Yuri M., and Mikhail M. Omelko. "A survey of the Porrhoclubiona Lohmander, 1944 from Central Asia (Araneae, Clubiondae)." ZooKeys 802 (December 4, 2018): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.802.30236.

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ClubionaLatreille, 1804, with more than 500 named species, is one of the largest genera of Araneae. The genus has 15 synonyms, most of which are not listed in the World Spider Catalog (2018) and unknown to many arachnologists. The most comprehensive survey ofClubionasensu lato by Wunderlich (2011) also lacked a few synonyms. In this paper all genus group names described inClubionaare listed with their type species. Most of these names correspond to the species groups recognised inClubionasensu lato. We agree thatPorrhoclubionaLohmander, 1944 (=Clubionagenevensis-group) deserves a status of a separate genus and provide the diagnosis of this taxon. Three species ofPorrhoclubionathat occur in Central Asia are surveyed, and two of them are described as new to science:P.laudata(O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885),comb. n. (♂♀, Xinjiang, Tibet, China),P.bosmansisp. n.(♂♀, Tajikistan), andP.moradmandisp. n.(♂♀, Fars, Iran). It seems that all records ofP.genevensisL. Koch, 1866 from China refer toP.laudata. The records ofClubionavegetaSimon, 1918 from Tajikistan and Iran refer toP.bosmansisp. n. andP.moradmandisp. n., respectively. The following new combinations have been established:Porrhoclubionadecora(Blackwall, 1859),comb. n.,P.diniensis(Simon, 1878),comb. n.,P.leucaspis(Simon, 1932),comb. n.,P.minor(Wunderlich, 1987),comb. n.,P.pseudominor(Wunderlich, 1987),comb. n.,P.pteronetoides(Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001),comb. n.,P.vegeta(Simon, 1918),comb. n.,P.viridula(Ono, 1989),comb. n., andP.wunderlichi(Mikhailov 1992),comb. n.(all ex.Clubiona). SEM study of the structure considered earlier as scopula inClubionaandPorrhoclubionareveals that it is represented by several lateral rows of movable macrosetae (spines) with a locking mechanism.

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Huber, Thomas M., and Don A. Farrel. "The Pictorial History of Guam: The Americanization: 1898-1918 and The Liberation: 1944, 2 vols." Military Affairs 52, no. 2 (April 1988): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1988048.

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Georgakakis, Didier. "La nature « antirépublicaine » de la propagande d’État : du mythe mobilisateur à sa réalisation (1918-1944)." Cahiers d’histoire. Revue d’histoire critique, no. 86 (January 1, 2002): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chrhc.1699.

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Reuscher, Michael G., Dieter Fiege, and Minoru Imajima. "Ampharetidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Japan. Part III: the genus Amphicteis Grube, 1850 and closely related genera." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95, no. 5 (November 11, 2014): 929–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315414001623.

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In the third paper about Ampharetidae from Japan, we describe six species that belong to the ‘Amphicteis genus complex’. We divide this complex into the genera Amphicteis Grube, 1850, Paramphicteis Caullery, 1944, Phyllamphicteis Augener, 1918 and Watatsumi gen. nov. Paramphicteis is considered senior synonym of Pseudoamphicteis Hutchings, 1977 and is characterized by pinnate buccal tentacles. Watatsumi gen. nov. with its type species Watatsumi grubei sp. nov. is characterized by the lack of prostomial glandular ridges, the presence of pinnate buccal tentacles, and inconspicuous nuchal ridges. Two of the Amphicteis species are new to science, including A. spinosa sp. nov. and A. taurus sp. nov. Paramphicteis weberi (Caullery, 1944) comb. nov. was transferred from Amphicteis because we found pinnate buccal tentacles in addition to four pairs of foliose branchiae. Paramphicteis foliata (Haswell, 1883) comb. nov. was transferred from Phyllamphicteis because it has pinnate buccal tentacles. Amphicteis uncopalea Chamberlin, 1919 and Paramphicteis angustifolia (Grube, 1878) are newly recorded from Japanese waters. Amphicteis orphnius Chamberlin, 1919 is considered senior synonym of A. obscurior Chamberlin, 1919. A comprehensive table with diagnostic characters of all species of the Amphicteis complex with pinnate buccal tentacles is provided.

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Flisiak, Dominik. "Memorandum organizacji Irgun Cwai Leumi dotyczące stworzenia państwa żydowskiego w Palestynie. Przyczynek do badań nad działalnością syjonistów – rewizjonistów w powojennej Polsce." Studia Żydowskie. Almanach 8, no. 7-8 (December 31, 2018): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/sz.598.

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Artykuł odnosi się do memorandum prawicowej organizacji syjonistycznej Irgun Cwai Leumi, które jej przedstawiciele w pierwszej połowie 1947 rozesłali do prawie wszystkich krajów, które debatowały w ONZ na temat przyszłości Palestyny. Od 1918 Palestyna znajdowała się pod okupacją brytyjską. Członkowie Irgunu byli rekrutowali z rewizjonistycznych syjonistów, najbardziej prawicowej części ruchu, który dążył do przywrócenia państwa żydowskiego. Przywódcą tej grupy był poeta, działacz wojskowy Władimir Żabotyński. Jego zwolennicy proponowali: zniesienie brytyjskiej władzy nad tą częścią Bliskiego Wschodu; utworzenie państwa żydowskiego na wschód i zachód od rzeki Jordan; pozwolenie Żydom mieszkającym w Europie na nieograniczoną możliwość dotarcia do Palestyny. Warto wspomnieć, że dokument dotarł także do zwolenników Żabotyńskiego, którzy w latach 1944/1945-1949 prowadzili nielegalną działalność w PRL.

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34

Rose, John. "Liberating Jewish History from its Zionist Stranglehold: Rediscovering Abram Leon." Holy Land Studies 5, no. 1 (May 2006): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/hls.2006.0010.

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Abram Leon (1918–1944), the Jewish revolutionary socialist who perished in Auschwitz, is best known for his manuscript, The Jewish Question, written during the Second World War and published posthumously. Leon analysed the Jewish trading role in medieval Europe. He developed Karl Marx's argument that it is economics rather than religion that has sustained Jewish history between antiquity and modernity. The essay demonstrates how recent Jewish scholarship has confi rmed Leon's approach – even though Leon himself is often ignored. The essay uses the historical evidence to throw new light on that lachrymose Zionist perspective on Jewish history in Europe that sees – in the words of Theodor Herzl (1860–1904) – only ‘Eighteen Centuries of Jewish Suffering’.

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Gogol, Manfred. "AGING DISPLAYED IN SELF-PORTRAITS OF ARTISTS." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.642.

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Abstract A self-portrait is a common representation of an artist with different techniques by that artist and emerged since the 15th century. Albrecht Dürer was one of the first artists who performed various self-portraits during his life. The fascinating aspect from a gerontological point of view is that artists show themselves throughout the aging process as well as sometimes with manifest signs of diseases. The poster show self-portraits over the life course from Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-69), Vincent van Gogh (1853-90), Ferdinand Hodler (1853-1918), Lovis Corinth (1858-1925), Helene Schjerfbeck (1862-1946), Edvard Munch (1863-1944), Käthe Kollwitz (1867-1945), Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), and Max Beckmann (1884-1950).

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Rae, Ian D. "False Start for the PhD in Australia." Historical Records of Australian Science 14, no. 2 (2002): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr02009.

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When the PhD was introduced in England, consideration was also being given to its introduction in Australia. The University of Melbourne first discussed the idea in 1918, and again in 1924, but other Australian universities were opposed. Arguments ran along lines familiar in England — some foresaw the PhD competing with other doctoral degrees, and others saw difficulties in providing resources. Others wished to continue the system whereby Australian graduates went to Britain for research training. Faced with a unanimous verdict by its sister institutions, Melbourne withdrew its proposal, and the idea of the PhD went underground, not to surface again until 1944 when Melbourne again led the way, this time successfully, in its introduction.

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Zakić, Mirna. "Forging Germans: youth, nation, and the National Socialist mobilization of ethnic Germans in Yugoslavia, 1918–1944." Social History 46, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2021.1851532.

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Swanson, John C. "Forging Germans: Youth, Nation, and the National Socialist Mobilization of Ethnic Germans in Yugoslavia, 1918–1944." German History 39, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 643–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerhis/ghab070.

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Hitchins, Keith. "Reviews of Books:Die Rumanisierung der Bukowina: Die Durchsetzung des nationalstaatlichen Anspruchs Grossrumaniens 1918-1944 Mariana Hausleitner." American Historical Review 107, no. 3 (June 2002): 969–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/532634.

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Piirimäe, Kaarel. "Liberals and nationalism: E. H. Carr, Walter Lippmann and the Baltic States from 1918 to 1944." Journal of Baltic Studies 48, no. 2 (September 19, 2016): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2016.1233892.

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NAFRÍA, JUAN M. NIETO, NICOLÁS PÉREZ HIDALGO, and M. PILAR MIER DURANTE. "New synonyms and several nomenclatural clarifications on family-group names in the Aphididae (Hemiptera Sternorrhyncha)." Zootaxa 1629, no. 1 (November 2, 2007): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1629.1.4.

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In the context of the preparation of Part of the List of Available Names of the family group taxa of the superfamily Aphidoidea for submission to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature new synonyms have been detected and several nomenclatural problems have been clarified. Three new objective synonymies are established: Drepanosiphoninae Börner, 1944 syn. nov. of Drepanosiphinae Herrich-Schaeffer, 1857, Macrosiphonini Börner, 1952 syn. nov. of Macrosiphini Wilson, 1910 and Trichosiphonini Börner & Heinze, 1957 syn. nov. of Trichosiphini Wilson, 1910. A subjective synonymy is established: Asiphonaphidina Börner, 1952 syn. nov. of Rhopalosiphina Mordvilko, 1914. Dasiina van der Goot, 1918 is an objective invalid name, and it must be replaced, if is necessary by Baizongiina Börner, 1944(1914). Nomenclatural status affecting the names Tetraneuriden, Tycheinae, Pteroclorini and Macrosiphini are clarified: Tetraneuriden is an available name, it is a valid name in some classifications but a junior subjective synonym in others; Tycheinae is an available name but it is a nomen dubium; Pteroclorini is an available but objective invalid name; and Macrosiphini Wilson, 1910(1887) takes the date of Nectarophorini Oestlund, 1887. Also the authorship and date of nomenclatural acts in the chapter on Aphids in the Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten, 1932, are clarified.

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Bocková, Anna. "KÁZMEROVÁ, Ľubica. PRÍBEH UČITEĽA. Jozef Sivák v školských službách 1918 – 1944. [THE STORY OF A TEACHER. Jozef Sivák in the Educational Service 1918 – 1944]. Bratislava: Vydavataľstvo Veda, 2019, 108 pages, ISBN 978-80-224-1745-5." Historický časopis 68, no. 6 (December 20, 2020): 1059–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/histcaso.2020.68.6.9.

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Brendel, Raphael, Jürgen W. Schmidt, Ingo Löppenberg, Ulrich van der Heyden, Michaela Heinze, Elmar Schenkel, Klaus Schwabe, Heinrich Walle, Eckhard Jesse, and Martin Moll. "Didaktik der Geschichte / Biografien." Das Historisch-Politische Buch (HPB) 65, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/hpb.65.3.234.

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Klaus Rosen: Augustinus. Genie und Heiliger (Raphael Brendel) Simon Sebag Montefiore: Die Romanows. Glanz und Untergang der Zarendynastie (1613-1918) (Jürgen W. Schmidt) Eike Christian Hirsch: Der berühmte Herr Leibniz. Eine Biografie (Ingo Löppenberg) Dietmar Kuegler: Ich ziehe mit den Adlern. Kit Carson – Ein amerikanischer Held (Ulrich van der Heyden) Stephan Paetrow, Carl Zeiss Archiv (Hg.): Carl Zeiss (1816-1888). Eine Biografie (Michaela Heinze) Gisela Kleine: Ninon und Hermann Hesse. Biografie eines Paares (Elmar Schenkel) Manfred Berg: Woodrow Wilson. Amerika und die Neuordnung der Welt (Klaus Schwabe) Gunnar F. Gudmundson: Pater Jon Sveinsson, NONNI (Heinrich Walle) Jeanette Erazo Heufelder: Der argentinische Krösus. Kleine Wirtschaftsgeschichte der Frankfurter Schule (Eckhard Jesse) Felix Römer: Die narzisstische Volksgemeinschaft. Theodor Habichts Kampf (1914-1944) (Martin Moll) Peter Steinbach: Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg. Wagnis – Tat – Erinnerung (Heinrich Walle)

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Tindall, B. J. "The correct name of the taxon that contains the type strain of Rhodococcus equi." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 64, Pt_1 (January 1, 2014): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.059584-0.

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Based on a nomenclatural point of view, the name Rhodococcus equi is associated, as required by the Bacteriological Code, with a defined position, rank and circumscription. A search of the literature indicates that the name Rhodococcus equi (Magnusson 1923) Goodfellow and Alderson 1977 has also been shown to be a synonym of Corynebacterium equi Magnusson 1923, Corynebacterium hoagii (Morse 1912) Eberson 1918 and Nocardia restricta (Turfitt 1944) McClung 1974. Application of the rules of the Bacteriological Code together with the currently inferred taxonomic concept associated with the species bearing the name Rhodococcus equi indicates that this is not the correct name of this taxon and the use of that name in the context of a circumscription that includes the type strain of the species Corynebacterium hoagii is contrary to the Rules of the Code.

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Stojanović, Aleksandar. "Eugenics and Racial Hygiene in Theory and Political Thought of the Serbian/Yugoslav Extreme Right 1918–1944." Acta historiae medicinae, stomatologiae, pharmaciae, medicinae veterinariae 34, no. 1 (November 26, 2015): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25106/ahm.2015.2311.

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Tobin, J. M. "James Oliver Doyle,MB BCH, BAO 1943, LM 1944 DUBLIN, MRCP 1948, MD 1948 NUI (1918-2001)." Sexually Transmitted Infections 78, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.78.2.154.

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PURS, ALDIS. "Working towards ‘An Unforeseen Miracle’ Redux: Latvian Refugees in Vladivostok, 1918–1920, and in Latvia, 1943–1944." Contemporary European History 16, no. 4 (November 2007): 479–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777307004134.

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AbstractDuring the First World War the survival of hundreds of thousands of Latvian refugees, dispersed across the Russian Empire, overlapped with issues of identity. Latvians in Siberia and the Far East created a refugee organisation complete with military, diplomatic and cultural programmes for themselves and their homeland. The key players attempted to recreate the same organisational trajectories and outcomes during the Second World War, under very different geopolitical conditions. This article presents new archival research and suggests new interpretations of the dynamic nature of political organisation, refugee experience and identity in Latvia through the first half of the twentieth century.

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Zwick, Ludmila Menezes. "“Ibsen e o friso da vida!”, O friso da vida e A gênese do friso da vida, de Edvard Munch." Topoi (Rio de Janeiro) 23, no. 49 (April 2022): 34–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-101x02304902.

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RESUMO Para a história da arte, os escritos de artistas são referências documentais importantes. Em razão disso, apresenta-se uma tradução anotada de três textos de Edvard Munch (1863-1944) relativos à história da elaboração de suas obras mais conhecidas, bem como de suas respectivas exposições: o manuscrito “Ibsen e o friso da vida!” (não datado) e os textos posteriores, nele baseados, O friso da vida (1918) e A gênese do friso da vida (1928), que serviram de apresentação à exposição O friso da vida. Esta reuniu grande parte das obras de Munch e foi o projeto artístico de sua vida; assim, tais textos dão voz ao artista e possibilitam interpretar e compreender melhor a obra desse expoente da arte. Esses textos também apontam para a possibilidade de que o próprio artista possa servir de referencial teórico ao estudo de suas obras.

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Sakson, Andrzej. "Die neueren Wanderungsbewegungen polnischer Arbeitskräfte." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 21, no. 83 (June 1, 1991): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v21i83.1165.

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Seit dem 19.Jahrhundert ist Polen ein Auswanderungsland. Zwischen 1870 und 1914 verließen Polen auf der Suche nach Brot und Arbeit über fünf Millionen Menschen, allein zwei Millionen in Richtung Amerika. Zwischen 1918 und 1939 wanderten nochmals 1,2 Millionen Menschen aus. Hauptrichtungen der Emigration waren die Vereinigten Staaten, Kanada, Argentinien, Brasilien und West-Europa. Zwischen 1944 und 1950 wanderten zwar 7,9 Millionen Menschen über die polnischen Grenzen, per saldo wanderten aber nur 190 000 Personen aus. Diese Bewegungen hatten nicht so sehr wirtschaftliche, sondern vor allem politische, nationale und familiäre Gründe. Erst 1956 beginnt wieder eine neue Welle der Emigration. Bis 1960 wandern im Rahmen der »Familienzusammenführung« 360 000 Menschen hauptsächlich in die BRD aus. Dem steht eine Einwanderung von 250 000 Personen vor allem aus der UdSSR gegenüber. In den beiden Jahrzehnten von 1961 bis 1970 und 1971 bis 1980 verlassen jeweils ca. 225 000 Menschen das Land.

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Gábor, Egry. "Etnicitás, identitás, politika. Magyar kisebbségek nacionalizmus és regionalizmus között a két világháború közti Romániában és Csehszlovákiában 1918-1944." REGIO 26, no. 2 (October 21, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17355/rkkpt.v26i2.209.

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Journal articles on the topic '1918-1944'

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