Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1918-1944'
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Prévost, Philippe. "Les relations franco-canadiennes de 1918 à 1944." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040345.
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Entre les deux guerres. , les relations franco-canadiennes ont été essentiellement culturelles : politique des bourses, envoi de professeurs, fondation de l’institut scientifique franco-canadien et des instituts d’études médiévales de Toronto et d’Ottawa, finalement de Stanislas et de Marie-de-France, intervention de la France à propos des nominations épiscopales dans l’ouest et dans les provinces maritimes ; inversement, démarches du primat du Canada afin d’obtenir de Pie XII l’abandon des sanctions frappant l’Action Française depuis 1926 pour des raisons politiques. Bien que les échanges commerciaux entre les deux pays soient restés très faibles, on notera l’apparition de la contrebande d’alcool à partir de Saint-Pierre-et Miquelon et la création de quelques entreprises comme la compagnie aérienne franco-canadienne. Pendant la guerre, les relations ont été essentiellement politiques : accord Pétain-Churchill, qui a influencé en partie le sort du conflit, grâce à l’entregent de Pierre Dupuy, rôle déterminant du Canada dans l’affaire de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon, appui décisif du dominion pour faire reconnaitre le C. F. L. N. à la conférence de Québec en 1943 et pour torpiller l’AMGOT, succès de la visite de De Gaulle à Ottawa en 1944, visite qui lui permit de découvrir l’importance de l’atome, et qui fut le prélude à sa politique canadienne de 1960 à 1969Between the two wars, the Franco-Canadian relations were essentialy cultural : offering of scholarships, exchange of professors, foundation of the "institut scientifique franco-canadien" and of the institutes of medieval studies of Toronto and Ottawa, financing of Stanislas and Marie-de-France, French interventions in the episcopal nominations in the West and in the Maritimes, and inversely intervention of the Cardinal Villeneuve to obtain of Pope Pius XII the abandonment of the sanctions taken against "Action Française", since 1926, for political reasons. There was not much trade between the two countries. However we can note the beginning of alcohol smuggling from the islands of Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon and the creation of some enterprises like the "Compagnie Aérienne Franco-Canadienne". During the war, the Franco-Canadian relations were essentialy political : the agreement between Pétain and Churchill, which partly influenced the issue of the war and in which Pierre Dupuy had a great part, the important role of Canada in the Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon's affair, the decisive help of dominion for the recognition of the free France at the conference of Québec in 1943, the success of De Gaulle visit in Ottawa in 1944, during which visit he learned about the importance of the atomic researches and which was the prelude of his Canadian politics from 1960 to 1969
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Baloutzova, Svetla Venelinova. "State legislation on family and social policy in Bulgaria, 1918-1944." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615162.
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Wien, Markus. "Markt und Modernisierung : deutsch-bulgarische Wirtschaftsbeziehungen 1918-1944 in ihren konzeptionellen Grundlagen /." München : Oldenbourg, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2883592&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Hausleitner, Mariana. "Die Rumänisierung der Bukowina : die Durchsetzung des nationalstaatlichen Anspruchs Grossrumäniens 1918 - 1944 /." München : Oldenbourg, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38911304p.
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Levidis, Andrew. "War, Asianism and National Renovation: Kishi Nobusuke and the Politics of Conservatism, 1918-1944." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/174752.
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Bartha, Dezso. "TRIANON AND THE PREDESTINATION OF HUNGARIAN POLITICS: A HISTORIOGRAPHY OF HUNGARIAN REVISIONISM, 1918-1944." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3914.
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This thesis proposes to link certain consistent themes in the historiography of interwar and wartime Hungary. Hungary's inability to successfully resolve its minority problems led to the nation's dismemberment at Trianon in 1920 after World War I. This fostered a national Hungarian reaction against the Trianon settlement called the revisionist movement. This revisionist "Trianon syndrome" totally dominated Hungarian politics in the interwar period. As Hungary sought allies against the hated peace settlements of the Great War, Hungarian politics irrevocably tied the nation to the policies of Nazi Germany, and Hungary became nefariously assessed as "Hitler's last ally," which initially stained the nation's reputation after World War II. Although some historians have blamed the interwar Hungarian government for the calamity that followed Hungary's associations with Nazi Germany, this thesis proposes that there was little variation between what could have happened and what actually became the nation's fate in World War II. A new interpretation therefore becomes evident: the injustices of Trianon, Hungary's geopolitical position in the heart of Europe, and the nation's unfortunate orientation between the policies of Nazi Germany and Bolshevik Russia predestined the nation to its fate in World War II. There was no other choice for Hungarian policy in World War II but the Axis alliance. The historian of East Central Europe faces a formidable challenge in that the national histories of this region are often contradictory. Hungarian historiography is directly countered by the historical theories and propositions of its Czech, Serb, and Rumanian enemies. By historiographical analysis of the histories of Hungary, its enemies among the Successor States, and neutral sources, this thesis will demonstrate that many contemporary historians tend to support the primary theses of Hungarian historiography. Many of the arguments of the Hungarian interwar government are now generally supported by objective historians, while the historiographical suppositions of the Successor States at the Paris Peace Conference have become increasingly reduced to misinformation, falsification, exaggeration, and propaganda. The ignorance of the minority problems and ethnic history of East Central Europe led to an unjust settlement in 1919 and 1920, and by grossly favoring the victors over the vanquished, the Paris Peace Treaties greatly increased the probability of a second and even more terrible World War.M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Sciences
History
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Devillez, Virginie. "L'Etat et les artistes: entre révolution et réaction, les politiques culturelles de la Belgique (1918-1944)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211733.
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Schüller, Stephan Olaf. "Für Glaube, Führer, Volk, Vater- oder Mutterland? : die Kämpfe um die deutsche Jugend im rumänischen Banat (1918-1944) /." Münster : LIT, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3330481&prov=M&dokv̲ar=1&doke̲xt=htm.
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Schüller, Stephan Olaf. "Für Glaube, Führer, Volk, Vater- oder Mutterland? die Kämpfe um die deutsche Jugend im rumänischen Banat (1918 - 1944)." Berlin Münster Lit, 2006. http://d-nb.info/995196788/04.
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Waltå, Göran O:son. "Poet under black banners the case of Örnulf Tigerstedt and extreme right-wing Swedish literature in Finland, 1918-1944 /." Uppsala : Stockholm : [Uppsala universitet] ; Almqvist & Wiksell International, (distr.), 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29476101.html.
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Waltå, Göran O:son. "Poet under black banners : the case of Örnulf Tigerstedt and extreme right-wing Swedish literature in Finland 1918-1944." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-128441.
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Waltå, Göran O:sson. "Poet under black banners : the case of Örnulf Tigerstedt and extreme right-wing Swedish literature in Finland 1918-1944 /." Stockholm : Almqvist och Wiksell, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35614494j.
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Davies-Griffith, Christopher Charles. "Developments in the making of policy in education in the twentieth century : the 1902, 1918, 1944 and 1988 Education Acts." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341051.
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Nicollet, Charlotte. "Ferdinand Ier de Bulgarie : politique étrangère et diplomatie (1887-1918)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040114.
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Fondée en 1878 par le traité de San Stefano, mutilée par celui de Berlin, la principauté autonome de Bulgarie voit ses destinées confiées en 1887 à Ferdinand de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha. Le nouveau knyaz est contraint dès son avènement à imposer sa personne et les ambitions de son pays dans l’arène internationale. Après une lutte de longue haleine pour obtenir la reconnaissance de son titre par le concert européen, il s’évertue à mener les Bulgares vers la réalisation de leurs idéaux nationaux. Il se heurte aux blocages dus aux liens unissant Sofia à Constantinople, à la rivalité des États environnants et aux politiques balkaniques contradictoires des puissances. Le prince aiguise au fil des ans son sens de la diplomatie et déploie une politique extérieure visant à tirer profit à la fois de la position stratégique de son pays et des rivalités des forces en présence, tout en exploitant à bon escient les circonstances successives. Sa politique de bascule aux ressorts progressivement définis est mise en œuvre, et à l’épreuve, au cours des secousses qui rythment les deux premières décennies du XXe siècle. Si elle permet à la Bulgarie d’accéder à l’indépendance, et au statut de royaume, dans le sillage de la crise bosniaque de 1908, ses revers sont patents pendant les Guerres balkaniques et le premier conflit mondial. Pourtant, force est de constater que ses échecs ne sont pas imputables au seul Ferdinand dont l’examen des faits tend à atténuer les responsabilités dans les « Catastrophes nationales », les deux défaites vécues par les Bulgares en 1913 et 1918, conséquences d’un écheveau de causes d’une grande complexitéThe boundaries of an autonomous Bulgarian principality established by the provision of the San Stefano Treaty in 1878 were substantially reduced by the Great Powers at Berlin. Many unresolved problems between Sofia and Saint-Petersburg led to suspension of the bilateral relations and the abdication of Alexander of Battenberg. Ferdinand of Saxe-Cobourg and Gotha was elected Prince in 1887. After a “controversial” accession to the Bulgarian throne, the young knyaz was committed to impose himself and his country’s national interests to the international scene. After a long-term efforts aimed at recognition of his title of king amongst European chancelleries, he tried hard to realise Bulgarian national ideas. However, it undermined relationship between Sofia and Constantinople but also contributed to the rivalry between surrounding States and the Great Powers in the Balkans. Due to his diplomatic experience, Ferdinand opted for a new foreign policy strategy designed to benefit both from the Bulgaria’s strategic position and the rivalry between powers. Thus, the first two decades of the 20th century were marked by the tumult of Balkan politics. However, it allowed Bulgaria to gain independence, the status of the Kingdom in the wake of the Bosnian crisis in 1908, and the defeats during the Balkan Wars and the First World War. The defeats are not attributable entirely to Ferdinand who was the most responsible for the “National Catastrophes” in 1913 and 1918. This research has shown that fact-based analysis provides a more nuanced picture of Ferdinand’s reign which was effected by a complexity of contributing factors that inevitably plunged the country into international isolation and defeat in the Great War
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Majerus, Benoît. "Occupations et logiques policières: la police communale de Bruxelles pendant les première et deuxième guerres mondiales, 1914-1918 et 1940-1944." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211112.
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En tant que pays occupé pendant les deux conflits mondiaux, la Belgique s’avère être un laboratoire pour étudier le phénomène des occupations pendant le XXe siècle. Pour la bureaucratie étatique, ces occupations posent la question de leur positionnement face à une dissociation entre Etat et Nation. La comparaison diachronique de la police communale de Bruxelles – à travers l’angle organisationnel et à travers sa pratique dans l’espace social – a permis de dégager plusieurs thèses. Le développement des appareils administratifs a pris de telles dimensions dans le XIXe siècle que l’occupant est obligé de trouver un modus vivendi avec les institutions existant sur les territoires occupés, lui-même étant incapable de gérer seul les pays sous son contrôle. Cette constellation donne une marge de manœuvres importante à la police locale, l’institution qui fait l’objet de notre étude.
Pendant les deux guerres, la police est soumise à un processus de réformes visant à améliorer son fonctionnement :centralisation du commandement, spécialisation d’unités, élargissement géographie des compétences d’intervention… Ces changements s’inspirent d’une part d’idées ambiantes en Belgique et d’autre part de projets réalisés en Allemagne dans les deux périodes procédant la guerre.
L’intégration de l’appareil policier communal à l’intérieur d’un régime d’occupation est facilitée par le professionnalisme de celui-ci qui contraste fortement avec la pratique des polices auxiliaires pour lesquelles l’ordre patriotique et/ou idéologique peut prendre le dessus sur le ‘maintien d’ordre classique’. Cette prédominance professionnalisante explique la continuité du fonctionnement de l’institution qui poursuit ses tâches entre 1914-1918 et 1940-1944.
En m’inspirant des travaux de l’historien allemand Alf Lüdtke et du sociologues français Dominique Montjardet, j’ai essayé de questionner trois postulats sous-jacents dans l’historiographie :
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Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation histoire
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Capdevila, Luc. "L'imaginaire social de la Libération en Bretagne (été 1944 - hiver 1945/1946) : Contribution à une histoire des représentations mentales." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20027.
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Il s'agit d'étudier à travers l'analyse des représentations mentales et des comportements collectifs en Bretagne, en 1944-1945, comment une société et des individus passent d'un temps de guerre à un ordre démocratique. D'un point de vue général, les mécanismes culturels observés présentent cette phase de transition sous la forme d'un système complexe : la déprise de la culture de guerre, caractérisée notamment par : la débrutalisation des individus et de la société, indispensable au retour de l'ordre républicain, et l'affaiblissement du sentiment unitaire, nécessaire à la reprise du débat démocratique. Cet essai d'histoire culturelle sur les gens ordinaires à la Libération montre que le tissu national s'est resserré sur une trame patriotique. Les individus se sont solidarisés, par le biais de l'épuration et des pratiques commémoratives, autour du sentiment d'appartenir à une communauté de destin caractérisée par la souffrance et la conviction d'être restée digne face à l'occupant allemand. L'analyse de l'imaginaire social signale que l'élément essentiel de cristallisation du groupe est la germanophobie plus que l'antifascisme. Ainsi, si le régime de Vichy est rejeté en raison de sa politique de collaboration, les reproches du sabordage de la République qui pouvaient légitimement lui être adressés sont rares de la part du commun des citoyens. Si la résistance est très présente et encadre les populations, elle n'a jamais fait l'unanimité, mais si elle inquiétait une grosse partie de l'opinion au début de la libération (été 1944), à la fin de la guerre (printemps 1945) elle est en grande partie acceptée. Au moment de la sortie de guerre, le processus de recomposition a conduit les uns et les autres à s'accorder sur l'essentiel : la volonté de vivre ensemble, dans la pluralité, au sein d'un cadre républicain tolérant ou les idéologies autoritaires d'exclusion et d'affrontement ont perdu provisoirement leur emprise: l'antisémitisme, l'anticommunisme, l'antiparlementarisme. Les regards portés sur les événements qui venaient de se produire sont lucides, l'idée d'un peuple qui a su traverser la guerre en restant digne est un minimum mythique pour structurer une communauté de destin qui, par ailleurs, a acquis la conviction d'appartenir à une puissance en reconstruction
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Hortlund, Cecilia. "Tillsammans med våra bröder på andra sidan Bottenviken : En studie av maskulinitet, nationalism och medborgarskap inom Vasa Skyddskår och Västerbottens Skytteförbund 1918-1944." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-159477.
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This paper deals with the subject of expressions of masculinity in relation to nationalism and citi-zenship, focusing on how these expressions played a role in the shaping of the masculine ideal in the Civil Guard in Vaasa and Västerbotten's Shooting Association during the period of 1918 to 1944. The focus of the study lies on how masculinity, nationalism, and citizenship were connected in the two movements and how they contributed to an idea of an ideal masculinity and a male role as defender and protector of the nation. To accomplish this George L. Mosses’ theory of the evolu-tion of a modern masculine stereotype has been applied, in connection with theoretical concepts of nationalism and citizenship. The material has been subjected to a qualitative analysis with a herme-neutic approach, to be able to interpret and understand it in relation to the above mentioned theoreti-cal concepts. A comparative method has also been applied to the material, to enable placing these two local groups in a larger context by comparing them to one another. This paper argues that these two groups were based on an ideal of the masculine protector and citizen of the nation. A strong sense of duty to the nation followed closely the idea of a male citizen, whose task of maintaining skills of shooting and bodily fitness played a role in creating the ideal man of the nation. The three concepts of masculinity, nationalism, and citizenship played a crucial role in this process and there-fore they were interrelated. This study shows that shooting was viewed as preparation for war in a politically unstable environment during the examined time period. In both movements, the fear of conflict and/or war was present in varying degrees and the general political situation in Europe gave rise to a strong sense of vigilance. Class conflict was present in both countries and affected the two groups as well, though the situation in Finland was more on edge and culminated in the Finnish Civil War of 1918. Shooting was a way of creating strong, able, and well-adjusted citizens. It was also important that young boys and men were introduced to shooting in particular and sports in gen-eral. The Swedes and the Finns in their respective groups arranged shooting competitions together and established a close contact with one another in some form of mutual exchange. Efforts were made in shaping the male body both on the inside and outside, especially in the Finnish group where bodily strength and appearance was of great importance.
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Laska, Andreas. "Presse et propagande allemande en France occupée : des Moniteurs officiels (1870-1871) à la Gazette des Ardennes (1914-1918) et à la Pariser Zeitung (1940-1944." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020130.
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Durant chacun des trois derniers conflits armés entre la France et l'Allemagne, une partie du territoire français fut occupée par des troupes d'outre-Rhin. Et à chaque fois, l'occupant allemand exerça une politique de presse répressive et active dans cette zone occupée. Pour diffuser sa propagande, il fonda notamment des journaux en langue française qu'il qualifiait, lui, de journaux d'information. Ce furent les Moniteurs officiels en 1870-1871, la Gazette des Ardennes en 1914-1918 et le quotidien bilingue Pariser Zeitung en 1941-1944. Cette thèse de doctorat donne un aperçu des activités allemandes en matière de presse et de propagande durant chacune des trois époques en question. A travers une analyse de certaines prises de position des journaux publiés par l'occupant, elle dégage les principaux sujets abordés et procédés utilisés par les propagandistes d'outre-Rhin. En conclusion, une comparaison est entamée afin de déterminer les continuités et les ruptures dans la propagande allemande en France occupée entre 1870 et 1944.
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Laska, Andreas. "Presse et propagande allemandes en France occupée : des "Moniteurs officiels" (1870-1871) à la "Gazette des Ardennes" (1914-1918) et à la "Pariser Zeitung" (1940-1944)." München : H. Utz, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392251701.
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Cléren, Marie. "Entre figuration et abstraction, danse et poésie plastiques : échanges et influences entre les peintres, les chorégraphes et les librettistes entre 1909 et 1933, en France, Allemagne, Italie et Suisse." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040133.
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Phénomène protéiforme, l’abstraction picturale a bouleversé le monde des arts à l’aube du XXᵉ siècle. En Europe, de la Belle époque aux Années folles, les peintres d’avant-garde ont croisé le chemin de poètes et de chorégraphes avec lesquels ils partageaient le même désir de changement. Sous l’égide de mécènes ou d’amateurs éclairés, leurs collaborations ont donné naissance à des spectacles d’un genre nouveau où les frontières entre les différentes disciplines se trouvent abolies. Associer la peinture, art de l'espace, à la danse, qui y introduit le temps, soulève quelques questions qui ont fait émerger l’idée d’un « ballet plastique » se substituant au « ballet dramatique » théorisé par Noverre. L’art chorégraphique et l’art pictural ont exercé l’un sur l’autre une influence réciproque dont la recherche commence seulement à mesurer l’importance. Cependant, peut-on parler d’abstraction totale dans un domaine où rien n’est plus concret qu’un corps qui danse ? S’il n’y a pas une évolution linéaire alliant la figuration à l’abstraction entre 1909 à 1933, certains principes mis en œuvre sur les toiles ont été appliqués à la fois sur la scène et dans les coulisses du ballet. Les peintres vont-ils réussir à rompre l’illusion en sortant de la cage de scène ? En agrandissant leurs toiles, vont-ils réussir autre chose qu’un tableau animé ? Que devient le livret dans un ballet où la lettre s’efface devant les couleurs et les formes ? Poser la question de l’abstraction en littérature revient à remettre en cause l’existence même d’un texte comme support du ballet. Or, le livret, loin de disparaître, se métamorphose et occupe aussi une place de choix dans cette composition abstraiteIn the run-up to the 20th century, a multifaceted phenomenon called pictorial abstraction has turned the art community upside down. In Europe, from the “Belle Epoque” to the Roaring Twenties, avant-garde painters have crossed paths with poets and choreographers with whom they shared their desire for change. Their collaborations with donors and enlightened amateurs gave rise to a new kind of shows in which the boundaries between the various artistic disciplines have been abolished. The association of painting to spatial art and dance that also brought in time, raised questions that led to an idea of a “plastic ballet” as a substitute for “dramatic ballet”; an idea put forward by Noverre. The choreographic and pictorial worlds have had a reciprocal influence on one another; however, the research world is only now starting to consider the significance of these interactions. Anyhow, is it possible to talk about a total abstraction within this particular field, knowing that nothing can be more concrete than a dancing body? This trend is not a linear evolution from figuration towards abstraction between 1909 and 1933 but some principles used on canvases were applied in the ballet world, both on stage and backstage. Will painters manage to break the illusion by breaking out of the cage-like stage? By expanding the sizes of their paintings, will they have anything else to show than animated tableaux? What happens to the libretto in a ballet where letters are outweighed by colours and shapes? Questioning abstraction in literature involves questioning the mere existence of texts as the underpinning of ballets. Yet, the libretto is far from disappearing ; it transforms itself and is thus at the forefront of this abstract composition
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Delbreil, Jean-Claude. "Le parti démocrate populaire des origines au MRP 1919-1944." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100117.
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Yazdani, Delfani Marzieh. "La construction du nationalisme iranien basée sur l'archéologie et la gloire passée." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030044.
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Pour que les projets de modernisation puissent se réaliser, le nouveau Shah avait littéralement besoin de changer profondément la mentalité des Iraniens qui s’était formée pendant des siècles par les principes religieux et la tradition régionale. Sans un changement de mentalité préalable, la création d’une nouvelle identité nationale aurait eu du mal à s’imposer et sans la création de cette nouvelle identité, l’ensemble des principes du nationalisme n’aurait pas pu être assimilé. Ainsi le gouvernement Pahlavi était conscient de l’importance et de la nécessité du nationalisme pour assurer la réussite de ces projets. En effet pour atteindre ses objectifs, la nouvelle dynastie Pahlavi avait besoin d’une base solide et surtout des éléments unificateurs et communs acceptés par toute la population iranienne. Reza Shah a mené deux politiques en parallèles pour mettre en place le nationalisme. Tout d’abord le gouvernement essaya de constituer une base s’appuyant sur des éléments unificateurs tels que l’histoire, le passé glorieux préislamique, le patriotisme et l’indépendance du pays. C’est ainsi qu’avec la mise en place de nouvelles institutions culturelles et éducatives, le gouvernement Pahlavi a tenté de créer une nouvelle identité nationale. En effet le chemin menant à cette nouvelle identité passait par l’archéologie. Et contrairement aux autres pays de la région qui étaient également à la recherche du nationalisme, le rôle de l’archéologie en Iran ne s’est pas limité à effectuer des fouilles archéologiques, mais également à faire naître des idées permettant de mettre en place le nationalisme et une nouvelle identité sociale basés sur un passé millénaireIn order to implement modern projects, Reza Shah had need literally to change the mentality of Iranians who had trained for centuries by religious principles and the tradition. Without a prior change of mentality, the creation of the new national identity would have been difficult to prevail. And without the creation of this new identity, all the principles of nationalism could not be assimilated. Thus the Pahlavi government was aware of the importance and necessity of nationalism to ensure the success of these projects. Indeed, to achieve its objectives, the Pahlavi dynasty needed a solid and mostly common and unifying elements accepted by the entire Iranian population. Reza Shah has conducted two parallel policies to build nationalism. First the government tried to establish a fundation based on unifying elements such as history, the glorious pre-Islamic past, patriotism and independence. Thus, with the introduction of new cultural and educational institutions, the Pahlavi government has tried to create a new national identity. Indeed the path to this new identity was through archeology. And unlike other countries in the region who were also in search of nationalism, the role of archeology in Iran was not limited to conduct archaeological excavations, but also to develop ideas on how to implement the nationalism and a new social identity based on the millennium history of Iran
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Okamoto, Naoko. "La critique musicale par trois écrivains - Romain Rolland, André Suarès, Jacques Rivière." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2010.
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La musique nous livre une impression que nous pouvons décrire. Les hommes ont, depuis toujours, essayé de parler de la musique. Mais, "parler de la musique" n'est pas facile ; c'est un art difficile à exprimer et à retranscrire par des mots, de manière objective, puisque la musique travaille avant tout sur le sentiment. Alors comment parler de la musique ? Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons choisi trois écrivains -Romain Rolland, André Suarès et Jacques Rivière, pour qui la critique est une entreprise d'explication. La situation de la critique musicale est surtout délicate dès lors qu'on essaie d'expliquer tout par le biais de la science. Il existe des avis négatifset des avis positifs sur la critique musicale. Ce que les trois écrivains visent par la critique musicale, c'est la "vérité humaine" puisque la musique représente l'humanité. La critique cherche à expliquer la vérité - une vérité qui émane de la musique elle-même, mais qui également la transcendeThe music delivers an impression to us which we can describe. The men, since always, tried to talk about the music. But, "talk about the music" is not easy ; it is an art difficult to express and retranscribe by words, in an objective way, since the music works above all on the feeling. Then how to talk about the music ? To answer this question, we chose three writers- Romain Rolland, André Suarès and Jacques Rivière, for which criticism is a purpose of explanation. The situation of musical criticism is especially delicate since we try to explain all the science. There is the negative opinions and the positive opinions on musical criticism. What the three writers aim by musical criticism, it is the "human truth" because the music represents humanity. Criticism seeks to explain the truth - a truth which emanates from the music itself, but which also transcends it
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Ferrari, Danilo Wenseslau [UNESP]. "A atuação de Joel Silveira na imprensa carioca (1937-1944)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93327.
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ferrari_dw_me_assis.pdf: 2070898 bytes, checksum: f12a25cd1eafd8518fc8846755a270ea (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
La recherche consiste à analyser les collaborations de Joel Silveira (1918-2007) au journal Dom Casmurro et à la revue Diretrizes, entre 1937 et 1944. L’auteur, un journaliste célèbre dans l’histoire de la presse au Brésil, a écrit une quantité significative de textes, dans le genre mémorialiste, dans lesquelles ses pratiques profissionnelles de la période étudiée ont été rappelées ou oubliées, selon l’image que l’auteur voulait léguer de soi. La recherche se concentre sur les premières années de sa carrière pour vérifier de quelle façon il a débuté dans le journalisme, à travers les “faits divers” et les polémiques qu’il a engagées avec d’importants intellectuels, à une époque d’effervescence culturelle. Silveira est devenu un célèbre reporter grâce à des textes dans lesquels il marie la réalité à la fiction. Le journaliste a été reporter pendant toute sa vie. Outre cela, la recherche a eu pour but de vérifier les points de vue pris par Silveira face à la période troublée de la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale et de la féroce censure de l’État Nouveau, gouvernement autoritaire de Getúlio Vargas, sur le travail journalistique
A pesquisa consistiu em análise das colaborações de Joel Silveira (1918-2007) para o jornal literário Dom Casmurro (RJ) e para a revista Diretrizes (RJ), entre 1937 e 1944. O autor foi jornalista de destaque na história da imprensa no Brasil e escreveu uma série de obras de caráter memorialístico, nas quais suas práticas profissionais do período estudado foram relembradas ou esquecidas, de acordo com a imagem que desejava legar de si. A pesquisa teve como foco os anos inicias de sua carreira e, portanto, foi possível antever a maneira como estreou no jornalismo, por meio dos faits divers e das polêmicas que travou com importantes intelectuais, em uma época de efervescência cultural. Silveira consagrou-se como repórter, com textos em que mesclou realidade e ficção. O jornalista permaneceu nos caminhos da reportagem durante o resto de sua vida. Além disso, tratou-se de verificar os posicionamentos assumidos por Silveira ante o conturbado período que envolveu a Segunda Guerra Mundial e a acirrada censura do Estado Novo, governo autoritário de Getúlio Vargas, sobre o trabalho jornalístico
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Cox, Christopher R. "Synthesizing the Vertical and the Horizontal: A World-Ecological Analysis of 'the Industrial Revolution', Part I." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1944.
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'The Industrial Revolution' is simultaneously one of the most under-examined and overly-simplified concepts in all of social science. One of the ways it is highly under-examined is in the arena of the ecological, particularly through the lens of critical world-history. This paper attempts to analyze the phenomenon through the lens of the world-ecology synthesis, in three distinct phases: First, the history of the conceptualization of the Industrial Revolution is examined at length, paying special attention to the knowledge foundations that determine these conceptualizations. Secondly, I sift out what I believe is the dominant model throughout most of modern and now postmodern history, which I identify as the techno-economic narrative. I then present the main critical world-historical challenge to that argument (that the Industrial Revolution was a unified, linear, two-century phenomenon) by outlining the critical interpretations of Fernand Braudel, Immanuel Wallerstein, Giovanni Arrighi, among others, leading a view of industrialization that is over the very long term, or what Braudel referred to as the longue durée. This long-view form of critical historical analysis is unabashedly Marxist, so there is some foray into various pieces of the Marxian canon, pieces that are often left untouched or at the least under-utilized in many politico-economic analyses of environmental history and politico-ecological narratives as well. Thirdly, I attempt to bring this new long-form view of industrialization more firmly into the ecological, but filtering the basic presuppositions of the 'techno-economic' narratives and the Marxist 'critical world-historical' narratives through the presuppositions of Jason W. Moore's world-ecology synthesis. What we arrive at through this filtering process is a very different view of the Industrial Revolution than we are used to hearing about. This is Part I of a much larger research process, one that I intend to bring into the present and future by looking at the development process of the BRICS as the next extension of the Industrial Revolution. What this paper is most concerned with is re-igniting what I think is a valuable debate among theorists, economic historians, and Marxist ecological thinkers, the debate about what exactly this phenomenon was, is, and will be. My small contribution is to re-define it in relationship to its really-existing history, including its antecedents and possible future expansions.
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Perrin, Didier. "La transgression dans les années noires : Nancy 1940-1944." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0147.
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Si la transgression se rencontre dans l’historiographie, elle n’a cependant jamais donné lieu à une véritable théorisation. C’est l’objet de cette thèse d’en dresser une définition qui en fait la contestation d’une loi en appui sur une volonté, la conscience d’une possible sanction, la projection d’un au-delà normatif et une capacité de nuisance contre l’autorité. La validité du concept a été éprouvée en le confrontant aux rapports de police quotidiens rédigés dans le Nancy occupé de 1940 à 1944. L’objectif est d’étudier comment la transgression se transforme en un phénomène d’envergure au point d’apparaitre comme une nouvelle normalité. Dans un premier temps, l’analyse des conditions de la déviance dresse l’état des lieux d’une société provinciale en temps de guerre et les mutations physiques et humaines du territoire urbain. Les champs de la transgression dévoilent, ensuite, le caractère protéiforme de la désobéissance au niveau politique, des opinions, de la violence, de l’économie, des mœurs, des mobilités, des identités et des attitudes. On y croise à la fois les phénomènes de collaboration, de Résistance, de déportation, les comportements journaliers de survie aussi bien que les imaginaires et les représentations. Enfin, l’analyse approche le transgresseur à hauteur d’homme pour dresser une sociologie du crime, construire le portrait-type du déviant et approcher des figures singulières de résistants, de Justes, ou de conformiste critique. Au final, les 1550 jours d’occupation plongent Nancy dans un hors-temps où l’« a-normal » est la règle. L’angle de la transgression permet de comprendre les stratégies mises en œuvre par le corps social pour tenter de s’y adapterAlthough transgression has already been dealt with in historiography, its theorising has never been fully and thoroughly achieved. This thesis aimt at providing a definition that will be read as the result of a law-challenging will combined with the awareness of looming threats, the ability to build up strategy beyond a normative framework together with the ability to undermine existing power. The concept has been tested and validated through 1940-1944 daily police reports that were written in then German-occupied Nancy. The aim is to study how transgression becomes and overwhelming phenomenon so that it almost looks like conventional normality. First, the study of the way deviance was implemented gives us information about war-time provincial society and about physical changes in urban landscape. Transgression thus reveals its multifaceted aspects in political disobedience, opinions, violence, economics, morals, transport, identity and behaviour. There we’ll follow the markers of collaboration with the nazis, resistance, deportation, survival behaviour as well as psyche and mental representations. Last the transgressor will be analysed on a human scale in order to build up a sociology of crime, draw up the typical profile of deviant people and make you closer to notable figures of resistants fighters, those entitled « Righteous among the nations » and meet conventional yet critical citizens. Those 1550 days in German-occupied Nancy give the opportunity to steep yourself into times when ab-normality was the rule. The view through the prism of transgression should allow us to better understand the strategies implemented by society to fit with the situation
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Juin, Guillaume. "Romain Rolland dans le contexte suisse de la Grande Guerre." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040285.
Full textAbstract:
Romain Rolland incarne la figure de l’antihéros : écrivain connu et reconnu à travers le monde grâce au succès littéraire de Jean-Christophe, il tombe à partir de 1914 dans une dissidence intellectuelle dont il ne parvient pas à se sortir. L’article « Au-dessus de la Mêlée » est asséné depuis la Suisse, lieu de refuge pour de nombreux européens voulant demeurer libres. Il devient à l’échelle du monde un exemple à suivre. Ses articles, sa correspondance et sa posture sont observés, relayés, admirés. La diffusion de ses idées et de ses écrits touche l’Europe et le monde. Que cela plaise ou que cela irrite, malgré les acteurs en présence et les nationalismes exacerbés par les circonstances du conflit, il assume ses paroles et ses actes. Il adresse au monde un message humaniste afin de défendre la Justice et la VéritéThe story of Romain Rolland is that of an antihero. The literary success of his epic novel, Jean-Christophe,turned him into an internationally famous and well-respected writer; but, from 1914 onwards, he becametrapped in the role of intellectual dissident, and would never really break free from it. His controversialarticle entitled “Au-dessus de la Mêlée” (“Above the Crowd”) was written in Switzerland, which had becomea refuge for many intellectuals. He became an inspiration for people the world over. They paid close attentionto his articles, his correspondence and his attitude, and discussed and admired them. The dissemination ofhis ideas and of his writing had a huge impact on Europe and on the wider world. What he was sayingappealed to some, and outraged others; and in particular, often offended the nationalistic feelings that werebeing exacerbated by the conflict – but he always took full responsibility for his words and actions. He putforward a humanist message to the world, in defence of Justice and Truth
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Tual, Cécile. "La littérature des Appalaches : polyphonie des constructions identitaires chez Mary Lee Settle, Lee Smith et Denise Giardina." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN20057.
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Cette recherche propose de rendre compte de l'invention des Appalaches en tant que région « étrange et particulière ». Les écrivains « couleur locale » du dix-neuvième siècle ont contribué à ancrer dans la conscience nationale l'image oxymorique de l'Appalachien à la fois bon sauvage, mais surtout hillbilly dégénéré. A partir de l'entre-deux-guerres, puis à la fin des années 60 lors de la « Renaissance Appalachienne », des écrivains autochtones, parmi lesquels Mary Lee Settle, Lee Smith, Denise Giardina, se sont dressés pour réfuter cette identité prescrite. Ces trois voix singulières sont celles de femmes rebelles liées par un même combat : dans une démarche de type postcolonial, elles ont revisité l'histoire régionale afin de faire voler en éclats un siècle de représentations essentialistes et de dénoncer la destruction environnementale infligée aux montagnes appalachiennes par l'industrie houillèreThe aim of this research is to look into the invention of Appalachia as a « strange and peculiar » region. Nineteenth-century « local color » writers contributed to etching the oxymoronic image of the Appalachian as – the good savage, but mostly as the degenerate hillbilly – in the national consciousness. Starting in the interwar period, then in the late 1960s during the « Appalachian Renaissance », native writers rose up to reject this prescribed identity, among whom Mary Lee Settle, Lee Smith and Denise Giardina. These three singular voices belong to rebel women united in a common fight: using a postcolonial approach, they have revisited the regional history to shatter century-old essentialist representations and to denounce the MTR devastation caused by the coalmining industry in the Appalachian Mountains
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Machado, Kevin. "Les politiques sociales des entreprises : l’exemple du Sud-Est de la France sous la Troisième République et le régime de Vichy (1870-1944)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ0006.
Full textAbstract:
Par la seconde révolution industrielle débutée en France à la fin du XIXe siècle, l’industrie lourde et les grandes entreprises prennent un nouvel essor, notamment dans le Sud-Est. Alors que le pays reste encore largement rural, il devient impérieux pour les industriels d’attacher à leurs usines une main-d’œuvre importante. Ces ensembles industriels sont pour la plupart éloignés des grands centres urbains, et une partie du patronat français doit alors organiser et développer des services à l’égard de sa main-d’œuvre afin de la stabiliser dans l’espace de l’usine. Ces derniers, en plus de poursuivre un but philanthropique éventuel, servent surtout à mettre en avant un ensemble de valeurs sociales auxquelles l’ouvrier doit adhérer et à justifier un salaire qui reste généralement bas. Parce qu’elles sont décidées unilatéralement par la direction, la remise en cause de ces règles par le monde ouvrier ou par l’ingérence étatique est généralement perçue par le patronat avec méfiance et rejet. Ainsi, l’essor syndical ouvrier qui s’affirme à la fin du XIXe siècle est unanimement combattu par le patronat qui y voit une remise en question de ses prérogatives, notamment en matière sociale et d’organisation de la production. Par ailleurs, cette volonté d’assoir un pouvoir le plus large possible ne se limite pas aux limites spatiales de l’usine et le patronat développe ainsi un large réseau d’influence auprès de divers partenaires locaux, notamment religieux, afin de parfaire sa volonté hégémonique locale. Le régime de Vichy ne modifie pas en profondeur les relations sociales que l’industriel paternaliste entretient avec sa main-d’œuvre mais supprime tout contre-pouvoir syndicalWith the second industrial revolution which starts in France, late in the nineteenth century, heavy industries and large companies are experiencing a whole new boom, especially in the south east. While the country remains essentially rural, it becomes vital for the industries to provide a large workforce for their factories. Those industries are mostly distant from large urban areas, which explains the need for the french employers to develop new services for their workforces, so they can live by the factories. These services, provided eventually with selfless generosity, serves mainly to put forward social values for the workers to embrace, which results and justify lower salaries. Because they are decided unilaterally by the management, the questioning of these rules by all the workers, or even through the nascent state interference of the Third Republic, is generally perceived by the employers with mistrust and rejection. Then, by the end of the nineteenth century, the trade union forces, which are growing more influent, was unanimously opposed by the employers, regarding social matters and the organization of production. Furthermore, the employers want to increase their influences, and not only through the spatial boundaries of their factories. Therefore, the employer is developing a broad network of influence with various local partners, especially religious, in order to improve his local hegemonic will and his influence, whether in economic or social matters. The Vichy period does not deeply change the social relations that the paternalistic industrialist maintains with his workforce but removes all possible responses from the trade union
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Egorov, Egor. "Les relations entre le Patriarcat de Moscou et l'Eglise russe à l'étranger (1917-1931) : contribution à une histoire institutionnelle de l'Eglise orthodoxe russe." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010601.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse est une contribution à l'histoire institutionnelle de l'Eglise orthodoxe russe de 1917 à 1931. Elle s'attache aux conséquences pour l'Église russe de la Révolution de 1917, de la chute de la monarchie et de l'arrivée au pouvoir des Bolcheviks. L'importance du Concile Local de 1917-1918, qui a rétabli les tonnes canoniques et administratives de l'Église russe, est mise en lumière : le système synodal gouverné par un ober-procureur fut aboli et le patriarche Tikhon fut élu. Le Concile Local de 1917-1918 et le Patriarche Tikhon réagirent aux changements politiques dans le pays, en particulier après la Révolution d'Octobre entraînant des persécutions contre l'Église, l'arrestation du Patriarche Tikhon, et affectant la politique de l'Église russe après 1923. L'émigration ecclésiale, partie de Crimée, dans un premier temps vers la Turquie, fut à la source de l'organisation des tonnes administratives de l'Église russe à l'étranger en Serbie, notamment à travers le Concile de toute l'émigration ecclésiale de 1921 à Karlovci. L'émigration ecclésiale dut définir ses relations avec le Patriarcat de Moscou. Les hiérarques à l'étranger ne pensèrent d'abord à aucune rupture avec Moscou, mais la situation changea après le décès du Patriarche Tikhon en 1925. C'était une période de division à l'intérieur de l'Église russe à l'étranger mais aussi un temps où les relations normales avec Moscou devinrent impossibles. Le "Locum Tenens". Le Métropolite Pierre, était arrêté par les Bolcheviks et le Métropolite Serge, son remplaçant, était contraint de faire des concessions considérables en faveur du pouvoir soviétique. L'exigence du Métropolite Serge au clergé russe à l'étranger de donner un engagement de loyauté envers le pouvoir soviétique et sa Déclaration de 1927 provoquèrent des réactions négatives à l'étranger. Le Synode des évêques à l'étranger, présidé par le Métropolite Antoine, rompit ses relations avec Moscou en 1927 et le clergé du Métropolite Euloge intégra le Patriarcat de Constantinople en 1931. Les conséquences furent douloureuses pour 1e Patriarcat de Moscou car cette institution perdit toutes ses paroisses principales en Europe OccidentaleThis thesis is a contribution to the institutional history of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1917 to 1931. It emphasizes how the Russian Church was affected by the Revolution of 1917, the fall of monarchy, and the rise to power of the Bolsheviks. The importance of the 1917-1918 Local Council, which has restored the canonical and administrative forms of the Russian Church, is underlined: the synodal system governed by an ober-prokuror was abolished and Patriarch Tikhon was elected. The 1917-1918 Local Council and Patriarch Tikhon reacted to political changes in the country, particularly after the October Revolution, causing persecutions against the Church, the arrest of Patriarch Tikhon, and affecting the policy of the Russian Church after 1923. The ecclesial emigration that had left Russia from Crimea, first to Turkey, instigated the organization of administrative forms of the Russian Church Abroad in Serbia, through the 1921 Council of ail ecclesial emigration in Karlovci. The ecclesial emigration had to define its relationships with the Moscow Patriarchate, The hierarchs abroad did not consider any break with Moscow at first, but the situation changed after the death of Patriarch Tikhon in 1925. It was a time of division within the Russian Church Abroad but also a time when normal relations with Moscow became impossible. The Locum Tenens, Metropolitan Peter, had been arrested by the Bolsheviks and Metropolitan Sergius, who replaced him, was forced to make significant concessions to the Soviet power. Metropolitan Sergius's demand to the Russian clergy abroad to give a commitment of loyalty to the Soviet regime in 1927 and its Declaration in 1927 provoked negative reactions abroad. The Synod of Bishops Abroad chaired by Metropolitan Anthony broke with Moscow in 1927, and the clergy of Metropolitan Eulogius joined the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1931. The consequences were painful for the Moscow Patriarchate since this institution has lost all major parishes in Western Europe
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WIEN, Markus. "Markt und Modernisierung : deutsch-bulgarische Wirtschaftsbeziehungen 1918-1944 in ihren konzeptionellen Grundlagen." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6016.
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Defence date: 29 April 2005Examining Board: Prof. Dr. Peter Bartl, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München ; Prof. Dr. Peter Becker, European University Institute ; Prof. Dr. Georgi Markov, Bălgarska Akademia na Naukite, Sofia ; Prof. Alan S. Milward, Cabinet Office London (Supervisor)
First made available online 7 December 2016
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Buffton, Deborah Darlene. "The ritual of surrender northern France under two occupations, 1914-1918/1940-1944 /." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/16850498.html.
Full text
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MEZGER, Caroline. "Youth, nation, and the national socialist mobilization of ethnic Germans in the Western Banat and the Batschka (1918-1944)." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/43278.
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Defence date: 8 September 2016Examining Board: Professor Laura Lee Downs, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Professor Pieter M. Judson, European University Institute (Second Reader) ; Professor Doris Bergen, University of Toronto ; Professor Tara Zahra, The University of Chicago
This dissertation investigates the National Socialist mobilization of ethnic German ("Donauschwaben") children and youth in two multiethnic, post-Habsburg borderland territories: the Western Banat and the Batschka. Weaving together archival materials, the contemporary press, and original oral history interviews, it traces the evolution of boys' and girls' extra-curricular youth organizations from the Habsburg Empire's 1918 collapse to the ethnic Germans' 1944 "expulsion" from the region. Focusing initially on the interwar period, the dissertation shows how Yugoslavia's ethnic German educational activists quickly framed their demands on national terms. From the 1920s onwards, secular and religious authorities thereby attracted Germany's attention and aid, giving rise to a "nationalization" of local concerns and a politicization of youth. Curricular frustrations, however, spurred extra-curricular solutions: from the 1930s, Donauschwaben youth became a bone of contention between Catholic, Protestant, pro- Reich, anti-Reich, and Yugoslavist youth organizations, each of which promulgated its own visions of "Germanness." Turning to the years between 1941 and 1944— when the Batschka became Hungarian-occupied, and the Western Banat a semi-autonomous, Reich-occupied territory under ethnic German administration— this dissertation deploys a comparative and multiscalar approach in order to explore the experiences of Donauschwaben children and youth under divergent occupational regimes. In the Banat, the curricular, extracurricular, and military domains meshed to coerce all ethnic German youth into the pro- Nazi "Deutsche Jugend," extinguishing any non-Nazi "national" alternatives; in the Batschka, Hungarian nationalization projects, Catholic activism, and the Third Reich's imperial ambitions continued to compete over the Donauschwaben's loyalty, shattering communities over diverse conceptions of "Germanness." In both regions, the majority of youth ultimately joined National Socialist organizations, thus becoming agents of their own, and their peers', nationalization, actors in local inter- and intra-ethnic conflict, and soldiers in Nazi Germany's devastating military campaigns.
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SRETENOVIC, Stanislav. "La France et le nouveau Royaume des Serbes, Croates et Slovènes (1918-1929) : des relations inter-étatiques inégales." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5983.
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Defence date: 27 January 2006Examining board: Prof. Arfon Rees, Supervisor ; Prof. Laurence Fontaine (IUE) ; Prof. Robert Frank (Université de Paris I) ; Prof. Marta Petricioli (Università di Firenze)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Monteiro, Maria Betânia Amaral Abreu. "Simbiose na arquitectura : passado-futuro : intervenção na zona histórica de Coimbra, questões técnicas na arquitectura." Master's thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/3334.
Full textAbstract:
A elaboração da presente dissertação procura complementar o conceito e o tema do
projecto de intervenção na Cidade Histórica de Coimbra. Trata-se aqui de constituir as
bases para a construção de um pensamento arquitectónico, tanto generativo como
crítico, mais do que estudar uma peça representativa ou uma parcela de cidade.
O trabalho teve diferentes fases. Começou por uma leitura de obras relacionadas com
o tema abordado e o resultado provém, de uma procura das ideias defendidas por
arquitectos reconhecidos e críticos de arquitectura. A partir de revistas encontrei em
maior número, os correspondentes artigos inerentes ao meu tema, e ainda através de
debates que foram realizados ao longo do semestre com colegas e professores do
curso.
Numa primeira instância, foi relevante a análise das obras teóricas mencionadas na
bibliografia, de arquitectos como Rem Koolhaas, Peter Zumthor, Toyo Ito, Alvar Alto,
Jean Nouvel, Adolf Loos, entre outros, no que respeita precisamente a assuntos
efectuados relativamente à recuperação ou intervenção dos espaços históricos.
A segunda parte do trabalho consiste na selecção de material que contenha
informação sobre as questões antagónicas que, se irão abordar, investigar e descrever
para a posterior execução do projecto de intervenção. [...]
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Cardoso, Cristina Isabel Silvestre 1962. "Proposta pedagógica em sala de aula, desenvolvida com base na teoria da cor : os círculos órficos no cubismo cromático." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/22655.
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Based on a didactic unit about Colour, this work was developed for a public group from an eighth grade school class. From this Visual Arts' work proposal, emphasis was given to the importance of Art Education on the global formation of the individual and the development of creativity and critical thinking skills, while studying some of the well-known national and international modern artists. It was also considered a brief study of the Portuguese History of Art Education, mainly exploring drawing teaching methods. The legal framework was mentioned as an extra component for the understanding of Art Education reality nowadays. The study was concluded with an analysis of the Arts' Curriculum followed by the project method presentation, considering and introducing the theory developed by the author Bruno Munari, as a key-method of creativity development in school environment. The colour theories from Newton, Goethe, Munsell, Itten, Kandinsky, Klee and Albers are mentioned in this study, being the four last authors mentioned related as Bauhaus teachers. The Orphism is also introduced, as well as the artists’ lifes and art work: Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso and Eduardo Viana. In terms of historical context, the work focus the period of time Delaunay couple lived in Portugal, for being the time they had developed art projects together with the other two artists mentioned above. The work developed with the eighth grade classroom is presented and mentioned as the result of the study, that is concluded with a project based on the art work of the four modern artists already mentioned, proving this kind of educational art projects allows the students to develop new skills in terms of arts and culture knowledge as well as opens new paths in their education
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Balzano, Federica. "A ficção «girandolesca» de Manuel de Lima: estudo para uma tradução italiana da novela Um Homem de Barbas (1944)." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/49304.
Full textAbstract:
Este Trabalho de Projeto foi realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Tradução tendo como objetivo elaborar uma crítica e uma análise da tradução para o italiano de cinco breves capítulos da novela Um Homem de Barbas (1944) de Manuel de Lima.
O estudo sobre a tradução propõe uma leitura do momento cultural e histórico em que a novela surgiu, durante o qual foi pouco conhecida, a exceção de algumas figuras da cultura contemporânea ao autor, como Almada Negreiros, que assina o prefácio da obra.
A análise da ironia e do humorismo, característicos da novela, fundamenta-se na Checklist-Comics constituída pelos Knowledge Sources teorizados por Victor Raskin e Salvatore Attardo no âmbito da General Theory of Verbal Humour, e nos fatores “externos” identificados por Shipley Young.
A proposta de tradução italiana de cinco breves capítulos é comentada olhando para a evolução do português europeu e do italiano de um ponto de vista diacrónico e à luz das estratégias de tradução identificadas por Andrew Chesterman (1997).Il presente elaborato è stato realizzato nell’ambito del Mestrado em Tradução con l’obiettivo di sviluppare una critica e un’analisi della traduzione italiana di cinque brevi capitoli tratti dal racconto Um Homem de Barbas (1944) di Manuel de Lima. Lo studio sulla traduzione propone una lettura del momento culturale e storico in cui il racconto venne pubblicato, durante il quale fu poco conosciuto, ad eccezione di alcune figure contemporanee all’autore, come Almada Negreiros, che firma la prefazione dell’opera. L’analisi dell’ironia e dell’umorismo, caratteristici del racconto, si basa sulla Checklist-Comics che comprende i Knowledge Sources teorizzati da Victor Raskin e Salvatore Attardo nell’ambito della General Theory of Verbal Humour, e sui fattori “esterni” identificati da Shipley Young. La proposta di traduzione italiana di cinque brevi capitoli del racconto viene commentata riferendosi all’evoluzione del portoghese europeo e dell’italiano da un punto di vista diacronico e alla luce delle strategie di traduzione identificate da Andrew Chesterman (1997).
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Ntali, Konstantina. "Face as landscape / landscape as face : from line to sculptural form and back." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/51696.
Full textAbstract:
O trabalho de projeto intitulado “Rosto como Paisagem / Paisagem como Rosto: ida e volta da linha à forma escultórica” pretende explorar a aplicação da relação que pode ser estabelecida entre as presentes noções de paisagem e de rosto - face humana – e de como se pode expressar esta relação, tanto na sua abordagem visual como na sua tradução em conhecimento. A problemática decorrente da pesquisa realizada na concretização do presente projeto é reveladora da multiplicidade e complexidade da investigação artística observando-se algumas dificuldades no plano da sua teorização. Antes de estudarmos a relação entre a linearidade e os meios escultóricos de concretização artística, foi necessária a definição da figura humana e, inerentemente, da face humana nas suas múltiplas dimensões, i. e. o rosto humano. A presente abordagem visual e escultórica consiste numa série de figuras humanas, na sua maioria restringidas ao rosto, e principalmente baseadas no conhecimento anatómico. É através da sua prática que o artista reconhece o corpo humano como único e singular mas também como recipiente através do qual a existência humana se desenvolve e leva a cabo. É também através do seu entendimento como uma via de acesso à expressão dos movimentos clássicos e contemporâneos – sendo matéria viva que se torna forma escultórica e dinâmicas do traçado – que a figura e corpo humanos se tornam o principal objecto de estudo do artista.[...] Dada a importância que encontramos na associação e relação interpretativa que naturalmente decorre da articulação com o trabalho prático, considera-se a linguagem artística como inseparável e reciprocamente ligada à pesquisa e análise aqui conduzidas. Parece-nos inviável a completa apreensão deste projeto sem que se tome em consideração a própria obra escultórica a que se refere e para a qual se remete. Por este motivo, analisamos a linha, e a linha na escultura, ao longo deste estudo. Na arte plástica – especificamente na escultura – a linha é frequentemente resultante da convergência de duas ou mais faces, o que nos leva a pressupor a presença de duas ou mais superfícies. Esta característica leva-nos a considerar que apenas o delineamento possa dar origem a uma escultura linear e que, nesta, a linha recorre à simetria, à qual acrescem cada perfil - contorno linear percebido a cada ponto de vista - que igualmente contribui para a percepção de ambas forma e figura. Assim, dentro do âmbito desta relação entre rosto e paisagem, o nosso interesse recai sobre o estudo da linha como meio de representação escultórica. O corpo de trabalho agora apresentado procura uma abordagem sintética da figura humana, no limiar perceptível da sua representação tridimensional. As esculturas apresentadas resultam da composição de linhas curvas, contínuas e contrastantes. Expandindo as noções de linha e espaço, estas esculturas oferecem-nos uma sensação semelhante à de um vislumbre de breves desenhos suspensos no ar. A linha que percebemos é gerada pelo olhar que se move sobre a forma, ao mesmo tempo que nós próprios (observadores) nos deslocamos no espaço. Ou seja, a passagem para a percepção da tridimensionalidade é operada pelo movimento, simultaneamente gerado pela linha e resultante dela.[...] Tomamos por certo que as influências e referências do artista consistem em tudo o que vê, sente, e experiencia, pelo que o principal objetivo que nos guia é tornar mais acessível o que podem ser os recursos criativos do artista, que contribuem com conhecimento e técnica para a criação artística.