Journal articles: '1914-ca'

1

Schultz Hansen, Hans. "Byerne i Slesvig ca. 1830-1914." Sønderjydske Årbøger 119, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 69–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/soenderjydskeaarboeger.v119i1.81324.

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Spors, Michael. "Atonale Musik in Russland um 1914." Archiv für Musikwissenschaft 75, no. 1 (2018): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/afmw-2018-0004.

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3

Ilsøe, Harald. "Lidt mere om Den Danske Bog (ca. 1850 - 1914)." Magasin fra Det Kongelige Bibliotek 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 8–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mag.v21i2.66885.

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4

Jackson, Andrew. "The British Almshouse: New Perspectives on Philanthropy ca 1400-1914." International Journal of Regional and Local History 12, no. 2 (July 3, 2017): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20514530.2017.1400721.

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Crosby, Alan G. "The British Almshouse: New Perspectives on Philanthropy ca 1400–1914." Vernacular Architecture 48, no. 1 (January 2017): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03055477.2017.1376264.

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6

Wells, Andrew. "Sinking Feelings: Representing and Resisting theTitanicDisaster in Britain, 1914–ca.1960." Journal of British Studies 52, no. 2 (April 2013): 464–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2013.54.

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AbstractThe apparent lack of representations of theTitanicdisaster in Britain between the start of the First World War and the end of the 1950s was due, not to a lack of interest, but to active resistance to such representations. Shipping interests, the press, government, and the public all opposed portrayals of the catastrophe, but their opposition depended much on the medium by which the sinking was to be represented, on the broader international context, and on the nature and status of individual memories of the events of 1912. Questions of fact, fiction, national prestige, and the ethics of representation dominated the first half century of theTitanic's cultural history in the United Kingdom.

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7

Salvatore, Ricardo. "Presos que leen y escriben: alfabetismo útil de trabajadores porteños en prisión (ca.1900-1914) Inmates who read and write: useful literacy of Buenos Aires workers in prison (ca.1900-1914)." Amoxtli Journal 1, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26448/0719-997x/1.1.

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8

Fenyves, Katalin. "Taylor, Jeff. 2014. In Search of the Budapest Secession: The Artist Proletariat and Modernism’s Rise in the Hungarian Art Market, 1800–1914. Saint Helena, CA: Helena History Press; distributed by Central European University Press, Budapest. 260 pp.; Szívós, Erika. 2011. Social History of Fine Arts in Hungary, 1867–1918. Boulder, CO: Social Science Monographs. 349 pp." Hungarian Cultural Studies 9 (October 11, 2016): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2016.250.

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Taylor, Jeff. 2014. In Search of the Budapest Secession: The Artist Proletariat and Modernism’s Rise in the Hungarian Art Market, 1800–1914. Saint Helena, CA: Helena History Press; distributed by Central European University Press, Budapest. 260 pp.; Szívós, Erika. 2011. Social History of Fine Arts in Hungary, 1867–1918. Boulder, CO: Social Science Monographs. 349 pp.

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9

Stokvis, Pieter R. D. "FROM CHILD TO ADULT: TRANSITION RITES IN THE NETHERLANDS ca. 1800‐1914." Paedagogica Historica 29, no. 1 (January 1993): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0030923930290105.

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10

APPEL, ANDRÉ. "Demografiese en Sosiale Tendense in Vroeg Industriële Port Elizabeth, ca. 1870–1914." South African Historical Journal 23, no. 1 (December 1990): 74–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582479008671672.

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11

Tan, Liangcheng, Chuan-Chou Shen, Yanjun Cai, Li Lo, Hai Cheng, and Zhisheng An. "Trace-element variations in an annually layered stalagmite as recorders of climatic changes and anthropogenic pollution in Central China." Quaternary Research 81, no. 2 (March 2014): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.001.

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AbstractWe analyzed variations in the Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, REE/Ca (REE: rare earth element), Zn/Ca, and Pb/Ca ratios preserved in an annually layered stalagmite, XL21, from central China. The stalagmite record spans the 95 year period AD 1914–2008. The Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios have a significant positive correlation with the stalagmite's growth rate, suggesting that they were primarily controlled by growth-rate variations. Variations in REE/Ca ratios are consistent with local temperature changes, suggesting temperature influenced REE concentrations in the stalagmite over decadal to annual timescales. Higher temperature in this humid area can increase vegetation cover, microbial activity, and organic decomposition in the soil, resulting in enhanced pCO2, organic matter concentration and reduced pH, and consequently increased REE mobilization from the overlying soil layer and host rock. Higher temperatures may also increase the natural Zn mobilization from the overlying soil mediated by organic matter and consequently may have led to increased Zn retention in XL21. An increasing trend is seen in the Pb/Ca ratios from XL21 since 1985, which is consistent with increased lead production in this area, and indicates an increase in mine-derived lead pollution in the local environment over the past 30 years.

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12

Reedy, W. Jay. "Zarathustra Among the Edwardians: Aspects of Nietzsche’s Reception in Britain, ca. 1900-1914." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review 4, no. 4 (2009): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1882/cgp/v04i04/52894.

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13

deVries, Jacqueline R. "A MoralistandModernizer: Mary Scharlieb and the Creation of Gynecological Knowledge, ca. 1880–1914." Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society 22, no. 3 (August 18, 2015): 298–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxv027.

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14

Seegel, Steven. "Constructing Lithuania: Ethnic Mapping in Tsarist Russia, ca. 1800–1914 by Vytautas Petronis." Ab Imperio 2008, no. 1 (2008): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/imp.2008.0131.

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15

Rodrigues, Daniel. "Constructing Lithuania: Ethnic Mapping in Tsarist Russia, ca. 1800–1914 by Vytautas Petronis." Ab Imperio 2010, no. 3 (2010): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/imp.2010.0076.

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16

Kleinknecht, Thomas. "Britische Politiker als Liebhaber der Wissenschaft (ca. 1850–1914) — Zur Ideologie des Amateurismus." Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 9, no. 3 (1986): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bewi.19860090304.

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17

Kalchenko, Olga, Sergiy Cherenok, Sergiy Suikov, and Vitaly Kalchenko Vitaly Kalchenko. "Study of Calixarene Complexation with Biologically Active." French-Ukrainian Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 2 (2017): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/fujcv5i2p49-55.

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Host-Guest complexation of octakis(diphenoxyphosphoryloxy)tetramethylcalix[4]resorcinarene CRA and 5,17-bis-(N-tolyliminomethyl)-25,27-dipropoxycalix[4]arene CA with bio relevant aromatic, pyridine and diterpenoid carboxylic acids in water-organic solution had been studied by the RP HPLC and molecular modelling methods. The stability constants KA (387-1914 М-1) of the supramolecular complexes had been determined. It was shown the Host-Guest interactions are depended on structure of the Host molecules and log P values of the Guests. The complexation is determined by the hydrogen bonds of the COOH group of the carboxylic acids with P=O oxygen atom of diphenoxyphosphoryl group of the calixresorcinarene CRA, and oxygen or nitrogen atoms located on the lower or the upper rim of the calixarene CA.

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18

Bell, Leonard. "The Representation of the Maori by European Artists in New Zealand, ca. 1890-1914." Art Journal 49, no. 2 (1990): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/777194.

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19

Bell, Leonard. "The Representation of the Maori by European Artists in New Zealand, ca. 1890–1914." Art Journal 49, no. 2 (June 1990): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043249.1990.10792680.

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20

García, Hugo. "Reluctant liars? Public debates on propaganda and democracy in twentieth-century Britain (ca. 1914–1950)." Contemporary British History 33, no. 3 (February 18, 2019): 383–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2019.1571920.

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21

Holm, Poul. "Notes on Poul Holm, Kystfolk. Kontakter og sammenhænge over Kattegat og Skagerrak ca. 1550–1914." International Journal of Maritime History 4, no. 2 (December 1992): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/084387149200400215.

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22

Alcolea Albero, Fernando. "The antique and art dealer Francesc Guiu i Gabalda (1843–ca. 1914) and the American market." Locus Amoenus 14, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/locus.251.

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23

Pomfret, David M. "Imperial Rejuvenations: Youth, Empire, and the Problem of Accelerated Aging in “Tropical” Colonies, ca. 1800–1914." Journal of Social History 53, no. 4 (2020): 939–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shz039.

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Abstract In recent years scholars have argued that “rejuvenation” took distinctively modern forms as a specific set of surgical procedures intended to realize sexual potency and libidinal enhancement, as well as anti-aging medicine and cosmetic body projects. However, this article underlines the earlier, imperial dimensions of rejuvenation as a set of modern, state-sponsored practices taking shape outside Europe. An important turning point in the modern history of rejuvenation was a shift around 1830 in thinking about “the tropics,” as scientists who identified heat as accelerating the process of aging rejected the possibility of acclimatization in hot zones. Because racial vitality supposedly diminished more quickly in the tropics, the older ideal of the grizzled, mature colonial soldier fell into decline, and rethinking the globe in racial-climatological terms made youth an essential corequisite of empire. Military commanders confronted the need to rejuvenate armies by recruiting soldiers at younger ages. Together with medical experts, they responded to fears of racial-climatological impotence by developing a range of strategies—from troop rotation to the development of hill stations—which scaled up rejuvenation to the level of entire population groups. Focusing on strategies elaborated in Asia to address this problem, this article shows how ideas about youth, time, geography, and modernity gave rise to spaces and networks designed to slow or reverse the aging process, or in other words to achieve “imperial rejuvenation” well before rejuvenation became a buzzword in late nineteenth-century Europe.

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24

Hautcoeur, Pierre-Cyrille, and Paolo Di Martino. "The Functioning of Bankruptcy Law and Practices in European Perspective (ca.1880–1913)." Enterprise & Society 14, no. 3 (September 2013): 579–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/es/kht037.

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A growing body of research in economics and in business and economic history has shown the key role of bankruptcy and insolvency law on business organization, firms’ governance, and entrepreneurial choices. Most research, however, has focused on the formal aspects of laws, and still little is known on how various systems worked in practices. This paper fills this gap in the literature analyzing the functioning of bankruptcy procedures in four main European economies (Italy, France, England, and Germany) between ca.1880 and 1914. Using an original data set and descriptive statistics on length, organization, and return of procedures, the paper shows how the aim of attracting debtors was more successful in the less regulated English system, but how the protection of creditors’ rights was more efficiently pursued in France and Germany. Italy appears as the absolute worst performer.

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25

Velkar, Aashish. "Making Inferences from Index Numbers (1860–1914)." History of Political Economy 53, no. 6 (August 26, 2021): 227–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-9414860.

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Index numbers are indirect measurements as well as composite quantities that present particular inferential challenges to the measurer and their intended audiences. The early history of the use of index numbers in British economics (ca. 1860–1914) shows that making inferences using this measuring instrument was rife with problems. Economists grappled with multiple “inferential gaps” in order to make inferences from index numbers. The extent to which these gaps could be bridged depended on the theoretical frameworks and measurement strategies used. However, it is also evident that some inferential issues confronting economists were ideological or political in nature. Two case studies are examined, Stanley Jevons’s price index and the Board of Trade’s cost-of-living index, that sharpen the focus on the accuracy of index numbers. What did index numbers really capture about the deterioration of the monetary standard or standard of living of the working classes? By situating the index numbers within the broader ecology in which they were constructed, the article shows that making inferences was not just a heuristic process (one that eliminated gaps by getting the estimations right) but a cognitive one as well (one that people could accept as being “fit for purpose”).

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26

Groten, Miel. "Een koloniale cultuur langs de Zaan : Rijstpellerijen en de verbeelding van een imperiale ruimte, ca. 1870-1914." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 132, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 375–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2019.3.003.grot.

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Abstract A colonial culture along the Zaan. Rice mills and the imagination of an imperial space, c. 1870-1914This article argues that the extensive rice milling industry that thrived in the Zaan region around 1900 contributed to a Dutch colonial culture, by presenting itself as part of a natural division of labour between colony and metropole that rested on European colonial rule. Processing large amounts of Javanese and Burmese rice, the millers deliberately exploited the colonial origins and exotic associations of this commodity to present themselves and market their product, explicitly relating their factories to the Southeast-Asian production areas in advertisements and anniversaries. In doing so they propagated their role as meaningful places in a transnational trade network that constituted an imperial space.

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Unterkircher, Alois. "Die Fotoserie aus der „Königlich Bayerischen Zentralimpfanstalt“ in München (ca. 1914): Potentiale einer visuellen „Kulturgeschichte des Impfens“." VIRUS - Beiträge zur Sozialgeschichte der Medizin 1 (2022): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/virus20s147.

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28

Tarrats, Pol, Oliver Heiri, Blas Valero-Garcés, Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles, Narcís Prat, Maria Rieradevall, and Penélope González-Sampériz. "Chironomid-inferred Holocene temperature reconstruction in Basa de la Mora Lake (Central Pyrenees)." Holocene 28, no. 11 (August 6, 2018): 1685–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683618788662.

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We present the first Holocene chironomid-based summer temperature reconstruction for the Iberian Peninsula. A sequence from the shallow mountain lake Basa de la Mora (1914 m a.s.l., Central Pyrenees) was analysed and the reconstruction was performed by means of a merged Norwegian–Swiss chironomid calibration dataset. The presence of a multiproxy study conducted in the same lake, as well as other available regional temperature estimations, allowed the comparison of our results with distinct local and regional records in order to disentangle different temperature and hydrological and seasonal patterns throughout the Holocene. The sampling resolution does not allow analysing rapid climatic oscillations, but provides insights into general Holocene trends. Overall, we found increasing temperatures at the onset of the Holocene, reaching the highest values during the Holocene Climatic Optimum (in our record ca. 7800 cal. yr BP). High temperatures were observed until ca. 6000 yr BP, when a decline of ca. 1.5ºC was inferred and the lowest temperature values throughout the sequence were reconstructed during the period 4200–2000 cal. yr BP coinciding with the first part of the late Holocene. Finally, an increasing trend in temperature values characterized the last two millennia, although we interpret this reconstructed temperature rise with caution as distinguishing between climatic and anthropogenic influences on the chironomid record in this youngest section of the Holocene is challenging.

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29

Olstein, Diego. "Latin America in Global History: An Historiographic Overview." Estudos Históricos (Rio de Janeiro) 30, no. 60 (April 2017): 253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2178-14942017000100014.

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Abstract World history can be arranged into three major regional divergences: the 'Greatest Divergence' starting at the end of the last Ice Age (ca. 15,000 years ago) and isolating the Old and the New Worlds from one another till 1500; the 'Great Divergence' bifurcating the paths of Europe and Afro-Asia since 1500; and the 'American Divergence' which divided the fortunes of New World societies from 1500 onwards. Accordingly, all world regions have confronted two divergences: one disassociating the fates of the Old and New Worlds, and the other within either the Old or the New World. Latin America is in the uneasy position that in both divergences it ended up on the 'losing side.' As a result, a contentious historiography of Latin America evolved from the very moment that it was incorporated into the wider world. Three basic attitudes toward the place of Latin America in global history have since emerged and developed: admiration for the major impact that the emergence on Latin America on the world scene imprinted on global history; hostility and disdain over Latin America since it entered the world scene; direct rejection of and head on confrontation in reaction the former. This paper examines each of these three attitudes in five periods: the 'long sixteenth century' (1492-1650); the 'age of crisis' (1650-1780); 'the long nineteenth century' (1780-1914); 'the short twentieth century' (1914-1991); and 'contemporary globalization' (1991 onwards).

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30

Strotmann, Christine. "Nitrogenous Fertilisers in Germany – Paths of Distribution from Chile Saltpetre to Haber-Bosch-Ammonia and Cyanamide (ca 1914–1930)." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 62, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 159–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0007.

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Abstract This paper focusses on nitrogenous fertilisers in Germany and how they were distributed from the First World War into the 1930s. Since the availability of the fertilisers kept changing at a fast pace in the period under discussion here, the focus lies on policies concerning the production of nitrogen and the markets for nitrogenous fertilisers. The paper discusses the impact of the development of a (nearly) entirely new domestic nitrogen industry during the First World War on the market for nitrogenous fertilisers during the war and interwar period, up until the foundation of an international nitrogen cartel in 1930.

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31

Kawashima, Toshiki. "A European political-economic space that embraced Japan: the international context of the conventional-tariff network, ca.1892–1914." European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 25, no. 3-4 (July 4, 2018): 612–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2018.1442419.

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32

Sakson, Andrzej. "Die neueren Wanderungsbewegungen polnischer Arbeitskräfte." PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 21, no. 83 (June 1, 1991): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v21i83.1165.

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Seit dem 19.Jahrhundert ist Polen ein Auswanderungsland. Zwischen 1870 und 1914 verließen Polen auf der Suche nach Brot und Arbeit über fünf Millionen Menschen, allein zwei Millionen in Richtung Amerika. Zwischen 1918 und 1939 wanderten nochmals 1,2 Millionen Menschen aus. Hauptrichtungen der Emigration waren die Vereinigten Staaten, Kanada, Argentinien, Brasilien und West-Europa. Zwischen 1944 und 1950 wanderten zwar 7,9 Millionen Menschen über die polnischen Grenzen, per saldo wanderten aber nur 190 000 Personen aus. Diese Bewegungen hatten nicht so sehr wirtschaftliche, sondern vor allem politische, nationale und familiäre Gründe. Erst 1956 beginnt wieder eine neue Welle der Emigration. Bis 1960 wandern im Rahmen der »Familienzusammenführung« 360 000 Menschen hauptsächlich in die BRD aus. Dem steht eine Einwanderung von 250 000 Personen vor allem aus der UdSSR gegenüber. In den beiden Jahrzehnten von 1961 bis 1970 und 1971 bis 1980 verlassen jeweils ca. 225 000 Menschen das Land.

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LAW, Chris J., KELLY M. DORGAN, and GREG W. ROUSE. "Validation of three sympatric Thoracophelia species (Annelida: Opheliidae) from Dillon Beach, California using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data." Zootaxa 3608, no. 1 (January 16, 2013): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3608.1.4.

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Thoracophelia (Annelida, Opheliidae) are burrowing deposit feeders generally found in the mid- to upper intertidal areas of sandy beaches. Thoracophelia mucronata (Treadwell, 1914) is found along the west coast of North America, including at Dillon Beach, CA. Two additional species, Thoracophelia dillonensis (Hartman, 1938) and T. williamsi (Hartman, 1938) were also described from this beach. These three sympatric species have been primarily distinguished by branchial morphology, and efforts to determine the validity of the species have been based on morphological, reproductive and ecological studies. Here we demonstrate using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data that these three species are valid. Mitochondrial Cytochrome c subunit 1 (COI) sequences show uncorrected interspecific distances of ~9–13%. We found no inter—specific differences in body color or in hemoglobin concentration, but found that reproductive males were pinkish-red in color and had lower hemoglobin concentrations than purplish—red reproductive females.

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Liebisch, Peter, Christian Straka, Hermann Einsele, Axel Hinke, Andreas Sandermann, Hartmut Dohner, and Christian Langer. "Prognostic Impact of Chromosomal Abnormalities In Elderly Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with High-Dose Melphalan (MEL140) and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1914. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1914.1914.

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Abstract Abstract 1914 Background: Although chromosomal aberrations (CA) have emerged as important outcome predictors in multiple myeloma (MM), the prognostic significance of many recurring genomic changes is still unknown. Moreover, there is only scarce data on the implication of CA in elderly patients (pts.) receiving high-dose chemotherapy (HD-CTX) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Aims: To evaluate the prognostic relevance of recurring CA as detected by cIg-FISH for elderly pts. with MM receiving HD-CTX and ASCT. Patients and Methods: Between 05/2001 and 08/2006, 549 pts. 60–70 yrs. of age with newly diagnosed symptomatic MM entered the DSMM II trial of the Deutsche Studiengruppe Multiples Myelom to receive two cycles of HD-CTX (melphalan 140 mg/sqm) followed by ASCT after 3–4 cycles of dexamethason-based induction chemotherapy (IC; arm A1) or no IC (arm A2). cIg-FISH and DNA probes mapping to chromosome bands 1p22, 1q21.2, 6q21, 8p11.2, 9q34, 11q25, 13q14, 14q32, 17p13, and 22q11 were applied to all pts. with sufficient bone marrow specimen at diagnosis. 289 pts. with a median age of 64 yrs. were included in the present analysis. Results: After a median follow-up of 82 weeks (w) the following CA were associated with a significantly shorter event-free survival (EFS): 17p13 deletion (17p–; 55 vs. 93 w, p<.0001); translocation t(4;14) (t(4;14); 65 vs. 95 w, p<.001), 1q21.2 gains (+1q21.2; 79 vs. 99 w, p=.0002); 13q14 deletion (13q–; 82 vs. 99 w, p=.03); and 8p11.2 deletion (8p–; 80 vs. 95 w, p=.04). Overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in pts. with +1q21.2 (148 vs. 231 w, p<.0001); 17p– (118 vs. 219 w, p=.001); and t(4;14) (t(4;14); 195 vs. 223 w, p=.017). In a multivariable analysis t(4;14) (p<.001); 17p– (p=.0089); +1q21.2 (p=.031); and beta-2-microglobulin (p=.033) independently predicted outcome. Conclusion: In this large cohort of uniformly treated elderly pts. with newly diagnosed MM, CA – in particular 17p–, t(4;14), and +1q21.2 – remain strong predictive markers for outcome. Supported by a grant from the Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung to P.L. and H.D. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Fraver, Shawn, Robert S. Seymour, James H. Speer, and Alan S. White. "Dendrochronological reconstruction of spruce budworm outbreaks in northern Maine, USA." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 3 (March 2007): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-251.

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Using dendrochronological analyses, we reconstructed a 300 year history of eastern spruce budworm ( Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks in northern interior Maine. By analyzing radial growth patterns from the budworm host, red spruce ( Picea rubens Sarg.), and nonhost, northern white cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.), we identified five outbreaks beginning ca. 1709, 1762, 1808, 1914, and 1976, all of which have been documented from eastern Canada. However, little or no evidence was found in our study for the 1830s, 1870s, or 1940s outbreaks also documented there. The mean outbreak return interval in our study (67 years) was roughly twice that postulated for eastern Canada. Differences in forest types, and associated stand dynamics, between the regions may explain the longer return intervals, and consequently the absence of these three outbreaks in Maine. Results also indicate that small, slow-growing trees exhibit a budworm signal very similar to that of overstory trees, once tree-ring series have been properly standardized.

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Grol, Regina. "Mikhail Krutikov. Yiddish Fiction and the Crisis of Modernity, 1905-1914. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. xii, 248 pp. $55.00." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 39, no. 2-3 (2005): 305–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221023905x00277.

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37

Booth, Marilyn. "Zaynab Fawwāz’s Feminist Locutions." Journal of Arabic Literature 52, no. 1-2 (April 16, 2021): 37–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570064x-12341419.

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Abstract Lebanese-Egyptian Zaynab Fawwāz (ca. 1850-1914) was an unusual presence in 1890s Egypt: an immigrant from Shīʿī south Lebanon, without major family support, she created an intellectual place for herself in the Cairo press, generating a forthright voice on women’s needs as distinct from “the nation’s.” Like most Arabophone writers on “the Woman Question,” Fawwāz addressed girls’ education, but she focused less on domestic training than on work and income, gender-defined dependency, and exploitation. She highlighted gender-prejudiced uses of religious knowledge to further masculine privilege. Framing her arguments within terms of engagement defined by Islamic sharīʿah, she appropriated and redefined keywords for an indigenous feminism. She repurposed the Islamic-Arabic genre of biographical writing for feminist-inflected history writing. I consider how Fawwāz deployed terminology and genre to contest patriarchal readings of Islamic practice sustained by assumptions of masculinist authority. Fawwāz’s writings remind us that secularism was never inherent in Arabophone feminist theorizing, nor were the earliest Arab feminisms Western derivatives. Historical assemblages shaped by Islamic (and Christian) worldviews yielded creative syntheses that were firmly indigenous.

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VALLO, PETER, DEEANN M. REEDER, MEGAN E. VODZAK, and PETR BENDA. "Resurrection of an East African house bat species Scotophilus altilis Allen, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)." Zootaxa 4577, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4577.1.9.

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Several house bat specimens superficially resembling the white-bellied house bat Scotophilus leucogaster (Cretzschmar, 1830), were recently captured in southwestern Ethiopia and southern South Sudan. These S. cf. leucogaster differed from typical S. leucogaster by their slightly smaller size and ventral coloration, conforming instead with the original description of S. altilis Allen, 1914. Scotophilus altilis is an overlooked taxon known from the Blue Nile region in Sudan that is currently considered a junior synonym of S. leucogaster. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) sequences revealed S. cf. leucogaster as a sister clade to S. leucogaster with a genetic distance of ca. 10%. Comparative specimens of questionable S. nigritellus de Winton, 1899 from northwestern Ethiopia and a wing biopsy sample of another S. cf. leucogaster from western Kenya also fell within this clade. Sequence data from two nuclear markers (zfy and fgb7) corroborated the distinction of S. cf. leucogaster from S. leucogaster. Likewise, morphometric analysis of cranial data largely supported this distinction, as well as taxonomic affiliation with S. altilis based on comparison with the only available paratype specimen. The position of this paratype specimen within the new Scotophilus clade, inferred from analysis of a short fragment of cytb, confirmed its taxonomic identity. Based on the presented evidence, the overlooked East African taxon S. altilis should be resurrected as a full species within the genus Scotophilus.

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Mekaoui-Chebout, Nassima. "Oppressions à l’embauche : chercher du travail comme domestique dans la capitale coloniale à l’aide des petites annonces de L’Écho d’Alger (ca. 1914-1945)." Histoire, économie & société 39anné, no. 3 (2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/hes.203.0067.

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Fischer-Tiné, Harald. "'White women degrading themselves to the lowest depths' : European networks of prostitution and colonial anxieties in British India and Ceylon ca. 1880-1914." Indian Economic & Social History Review 40, no. 2 (June 2003): 163–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001946460304000202.

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Sivasundaram, Sujit. "Towards a Critical History of Connection: The Port of Colombo, the Geographical “Circuit,” and the Visual Politics of New Imperialism, ca. 1880–1914." Comparative Studies in Society and History 59, no. 2 (April 2017): 346–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001041751700007x.

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AbstractConnections, circuits, webs, and networks: these are concepts that are overused in today's world histories. Working from a commitment to reflexive historicization, this paper points to one moment in the consolidation of these terms: the late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century visual politics of “new imperialism.” Utilizing photographs, engravings, postcards, letters, and colonial documents, the paper argues that connection was mesmerizing and can still mesmerize the historian. Being connected became possible because of visual and infrastructural projects that allowed the production and consumption of lines that literally cut sea and land. At a time of high empire, and in accordance with the dictates of Imperial Geography, particular locales or “nodes” were thus positioned in the “global.” To mount this critique of our language, the paper focuses on the infrastructural development of the port of Colombo, alongside the thinking of Halford Mackinder, the building of breakwaters in Colombo, the arrival of mass tourism, projections of capitalist improvement for the business of transshipment, and the use of the port by Indian laborers on their way to Ceylon's highland plantations. By attending to the place where connection is wrought, its material workings, and its traces in the visual, intellectual, and capitalist archive, it is argued that connectivity's forgettings and displacements come more forcefully into view. If connection had an evacuating character and could be so imperialist, what of its status in our writings?

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Usuanlele, Uyilawa, and Toyin Falola. "The Scholarship of Jacob Egharevba of Benin." History in Africa 21 (1994): 303–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171890.

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Uwadiae Jacob Egharevba was born in 1893 to a descendant of Ohenmwen, the Iyase of Benin Kingdom during the reign of Osemwende, ca. 1816 to ca. 1848, and Okunzuwa, a granddaughter of an Ibadan chief. Jacob's parents were long-distance traders, and he claimed to have traveled with them in the Benin and Yoruba regions until his father's death in 1902. The brief sojourn in the Yoruba country afforded him the opportunity of attending school for a year in 1899, at a time when there was no such facility in Benin because of the reluctance of the traditional elite to send their children to school. Jacob was impressed by the written word and became interested in education, although it was not until 1911 that he returned to school at Akure. He demonstrated brilliance, although his education here was terminated by relocation. On his return to Benin in 1914, he became a domestic help to Black Shaw, a senior European staff of the Public Works Department, while at the same time enrolling at St. Matthews C.M.S. school. In 1915 he converted to Christianity and, with the encouragement of Shaw and others, he was able to complete his primary education in 1916.Between 1916 and 1921, he worked in lowly paid jobs in Warri, Port Harcourt, and Okigwe. His failure to secure any lucrative government position pushed him to trading. His writing career began in 1921 when he drafted his now famous classic, Ekhere Vb'Itan Edo. Ironically, it was this successful book that exposed his writing inadequacies. To improve his skills, he enrolled in 1926 in a five-year correspondence course with the Institute of Rationalistic Press in London. In 1933 the C.M.S. published the Ekhere Vb'Itan, which attained an instant success. It was reprinted the following year and translated as A Short History of Benin.

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Menger, Tom. "“Press the thumb onto the eye”: Moral Effect, Extreme Violence, and the Transimperial Notions of British, German, and Dutch Colonial Warfare, ca. 1890–1914." Itinerario 46, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 84–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115321000371.

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AbstractHistoriography on the extreme violence of fin de siècle colonial wars has often remained nationally fragmented or actively invested in theories of national exceptionality. Focusing on the British, German and Dutch empires, this article seeks to understand the extreme violence as a transimperial phenomenon and asks how we can conceptualise and give empirical substance to this transimperial dimension. First, I give some indication of the degree of transimperial connectivity in the field of colonial warfare, highlighting how intensive mutual imperial observation and the individual mobility of actors fed knowledge into what Kamissek and Kreienbaum have called an “imperial cloud.” Secondly, I argue that a transimperial body of thought behind the extreme violence can be discerned on the level of colonial warfare's racialisation and the resulting specific communicative and performative aspects. Drawing on fin de siècle manuals of colonial warfare and a selection of case studies, I take the transimperial notion of “moral effect” to demonstrate how such basic notions both generated and legitimised extreme violence in colonial warfare.

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Shmelev, Anatol. "David Wolff. To the Harbin Station: The Liberal Alternative in Russian Manchuria, 1898-1914. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999. xx, 255 pp. $49.50." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 35, no. 2-3 (2001): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221023901x00497.

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Bibus, Erhard, and Wolfgang Rähle. "Stratigraphische Untersuchungen an molluskenführenden Terrassensedimenten und ihren Deckschichten im mittleren Neckarbecken (Württemberg)." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 53, no. 1 (June 1, 2003): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3285/eg.53.1.06.

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Abstract. Im Rahmen geomorphologischer Untersuchungen von Flussterrassen und ihren Deckschichten werden im mittleren Neckarraum drei neue Aufschlüsse beschrieben und die darin enthaltenen fossilen Molluskenfaunen vorgestellt. In zwei Fällen (Heilbronn-Böckingen und Obereisesheim) handelt es sich bei den fossilführenden Sedimenten um Sande, Kiese und Hochflutlehme, welche die vorletztkaltzeitlichen Schotter der 5-7 m-Terrasse i.S.v. Bibus (2002) abschließen. Die Molluskenfunde bestätigen, dass es sich im mittleren Neckarbecken bei Hochflutsedimenten auf der 5-7 m-Terrasse um warmzeitliche Bildungen handelt, welche in das Eem gestellt werden müssen. Die gleiche Höhenlage der Vorkommen belegt, dass es nach dem Eem im Heilbronner Raum zu keiner großräumigen Tektonik gekommen ist. In Bietigheim-Bissingen wurden Mittelterrassenschotter (Basis ca. 20 m über Enzniveau) sowie deren Deckschichten untersucht. Die überaus artenreiche Molluskenfauna mit Theodoxus serratiliniformis, Cochlostoma scalarinum saueri u.a. beweist, dass es sich dabei um ein Äquivalent derjenigen Schotter handelt, deren Molluskenfauna bereits 1914 von Geyer veröffentlicht wurde, und die seitdem zu den bedeutendsten Fundstellen mittelpleistozäner Mollusken in Deutschland zählt. Aufgrund der terrassenmorphologischen Situation sowie zusätzlicher Nachweise chronostratigraphisch aussagekräftiger Molluskenarten, war es erstmals möglich, eine genauere Altersbestimmung durchzuführen. Alle bisher vorliegenden Daten sprechen dafür, dass es sich bei den molluskenführenden Mittelterrassenschottern von Bietigheim-Bissingen um Bildungen der fünftletzten Warmzeit (OIS 13, Cromer IV i.S.v. Zagwijn 1989) handelt.

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KOSTERIN, OLEG E. "New synonyms and a new subspecies of Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 (Odonata: Gomphidae) from continental south-east Asia." Zootaxa 4615, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4615.1.3.

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The taxa of the genus Macrogomphus Selys, 1858 occurring in continental south-east Asia are reconsidered. Macrogomphus rivularis Förster, 1914 (described from Vietnam), M. borikhanensis Fraser, 1933 (described from Laos), and M. guilinensis Chao, 1983 (described from China), are synonymised with M. albardae Selys, 1878. The relationship and conspecificity of the latter with M. parallelogramma Burmeister, 1839 are doubtful, perhaps they are bona species. Males of M. albardae (and seemingly of parallelogramma as well) are approximately trimorphic for the pale pattern of the abdominal S3–S6, being of either a ‘dashed morph’ (with small isolated anteriolateral spots and conspicuous middorsal streaks), or a ‘ringed morph (with broad anterior rings and less conspicuous middorsal streaks), or an ‘intermediate morph’. Validity of the species M. matsukii Asahina, 1986 is doubted; its holotype could be an aberrant male of M. albardae. The main diagnostic character of M. albardae, M. phalantus Lieftinck, 1935 and probably M. parallelogramma, is clarified to be the structure of the cercus inner branch. M. phalantus jayavarman subsp. nov. is described from temporarily inundated forest at the northern bank of the great Lake Tonlé Sap of Cambodia (Siem Reap Province, 1.5 km SSW of Kampong Pluk village, 13.1956° N, 103.9725° E, 3 m a.s.l.), which is ca 1,300 km north and overseas from the presumed range of M. phalantus phalantus.

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Flume, Johannes W. "Die Spielregeln der Börse. Institutionen, Kultur und die Grundlagen des Wertpapierhandels in Berlin und London ca. 1860–1914 (= Die Einheit der Gesellschaftswissenschaften im 21. Jahrhundert 3)." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Germanistische Abteilung 138, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgg-2021-0038.

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James, Stuart. "International Warbirds: An Illustrated Guide to World Military Aircraft 1914‐20002002356John C. Frederiksen. International Warbirds: An Illustrated Guide to World Military Aircraft 1914‐2000. Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO, London: ABC Clio 2001. xvi + 387pp., ISBN: ISBN 1 57607 364 5 £55.95." Reference Reviews 16, no. 7 (July 2002): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rr.2002.16.7.29.356.

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Sellheim, Nikolas. "Perished. The 1914 Newfoundland sealing disaster. Jenny Higgins . 2013. Portugal Cove-St. Phillips: Boulder Publications. 72 p, illustrated, hardcover. ISBN: 978-1-927099-22-3. CA$ 29.95." Polar Record 53, no. 4 (December 13, 2016): 452–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247416000802.

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Hodgkin, E. "Richard L. Roberts, Warriors, Merchants and Slaves: the state and the economy in the Middle Niger Valley 1700–1914. Stanford, Ca: Stanford University Press, 1987, 293 pp., $39.50." Africa 59, no. 3 (July 1989): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160263.

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Journal articles on the topic '1914-ca'

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