Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1914-1918 Nationalism'
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Stibbe, Matthew Paul. "Vampire of the continent : German anglophobia during the First World War, 1914-1918." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388700.
Full textRegier, James Peter. "Where the two kingdoms merge : the struggle for balance between national and religious identity among Mennonites in Wilhelmine Germany /." Click here for available full-text of this thesis, 2006. http://library.wichita.edu/digitallibrary/etd/2006/t033.pdf.
Full textTownsley, Amanda Rae. "Ireland and the difficulties of World War I memory." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/a_townsley_060210.pdf.
Full textPeters, Michael. "Völkisches Gedankengut und deutsche Kriegszieldiskussion während des ersten Weltkrieges /." Nordhausen : Bautz, 2007. http://www.bautz.de/neuerscheinungen-2007/9783883094229.html.
Full textPavils, J. G. "ANZAC culture : a South Australian case study of Australian identity and commemoration of war dead /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php3382.pdf.
Full textGaudet, Chad R. "Baptisms of Fire: How Training, Equipment, and Ideas about the Nation Shaped the British, French, and German Soldiers' Experiences of War in 1914." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1257186404.
Full textPaterson, David W. (David William). "Loyalty, Ontario and the First World War." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65476.
Full textAcosta, López Alejandro. "Los voluntarios españoles en la Legión Extranjera francesa durante la Primera Guerra Mundial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671852.
Full textLa présente thèse de doctorat vise à approfondir l’un des aspects les plus délaissés de l’historiographie des rapports entre l’Espagne et la Première Guerre mondiale, à savoir la participation de volontaires espagnols dans les rangs de la Légion étrangère française. À cette fin, la thèse s’articule autour de deux grands axes généraux. D’une part, à travers un travail de compilation de documents qui, pour la première fois, comprend l’incorporation d’une part importante des sources officielles de la Légion à Aubagne, la thèse vise à avancer, de manière scientifique, dans des aspects tels que la quantification des combattants espagnols ou du pourcentage de victimes, ainsi que dans d’autres aspects qui contribuent à une description du profil des combattants et à une meilleure compréhension de leur expérience et de leurs motivations. D’autre part, la thèse analyse le développement de l’attention portée aux volontaires espagnols et son utilisation politique, en se penchant plus particulièrement sur les démarches ministérielles et sur le secteur de la population favorable aux Alliés avec liaisons avec le libéralisme et le réformisme dont le centre d’action était situé à Madrid et qui finit par former en 1918 le Patronato de Voluntarios Españoles (désigné ci-après sous le sigle PVE), une organisation crée par José Subirà Puig qui, malgré sa courte vie, tentera d’établir et d’hégémoniser un récit sur les volontaires en conflit avec le discours élaboré par les secteurs catalanistes favorables aux Alliés. Enfin, cette thèse de doctorat s’interroge aussi sur la construction et la survivance d’une mémoire sur ces combattants, ainsi que sur son utilisation, non exempte de vicissitudes, dans les tentatives de réécriture du passé de l’Espagne et de la Catalogne pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, de l’après-guerre immédiate à nos jours. Cette thèse vise ainsi à offrir une vision large qui aide à résoudre de nombreuses questions restées jusqu’ici sans réponse et à mieux comprendre la complexité du rapport entre le volontariat armé et la mobilisation politique et culturelle soutenue par certains groupes dans l’Espagne neutre de 1914-1918.
This doctoral thesis aims to delve into one of the most neglected aspects in the historiography of Spain’s relationship with the First World War, which is the participation of Spaniards as volunteers in the ranks of the French Foreign Legion. For this, the thesis is structured on the basis of two broad general areas. On the one hand, through a documentary compilation work that includes the incorporation for the first time of an important part of the official sources of the Legion in Aubagne, the thesis aims to advance scientifically in aspects such as the quantification of the Spanish combatants or the percentage of casualties, as well as other aspects that help to describe the profile of the combatants and can help to understand their trajectory, their experience and their motivations. On the other hand, the thesis analyzes the development of attention to Spanish volunteers and their political use, paying special attention to ministerial efforts and the alliadophile nucleus close to liberalism and reformism and with a center of action in Madrid that ended up forming in 1918 the Patronato de Voluntarios Españoles, an organization promoted by José Subirà Puig and that despite its short life undertook an attempt to establish and hegemonize a story about the volunteers in dispute with the discourse prepared from the Catalanist pro-allied sectors. Finally, this doctoral thesis also asks itself about the construction and survival of a memory about those combatants and their use, not without its vicissitudes, in the attempts to rewrite the past of Spain and Catalonia during the First World War from the immediate postwar period to present days. With all this, it is intended to offer a broad vision that helps to solve many questions so far pending answer and a better understanding of the complex relationship between armed volunteering and the political and cultural mobilization sustained by some groups in neutral Spain in 1914- 1918.
Novick, Ben. "Conceiving revolution : Irish nationalist propaganda during the First World War /." Dublin : Four Courts press, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389565466.
Full textHeulin, Antony. "La mort dans l'oeuvre de Yann-Ber Kalloc'h et Loeiz Herrieu : analyse de l´idée de la mort dans les poèmes de Yann-Ber Kalloc´h écrits pendant la Première Guerre mondiale et dans le récit de guerre Kammdro an Ankoù, Le Tournant de la mort, de Loeiz Herrieu." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20029/document.
Full textThe present thesis focuses on the conception of death in Breton writer Loeiz Herrieu’s story Kammdro an Ankou U – At the turn of Death, drawned from August 1914 to February 1919, as well as in Breton poet Yann-Ber Kalloc'h’s poems from his anthology Ar in Deulin – On my knees, written in Breton at the beginning of World War I. It fits within the scope of civilisation studies. First and foremost, the concepts of death and war are defined and illustrated through various sources and references, which give the reader insight into both men’s and their contemporaries’ mindsets. Besides, this thesis examines how Loeiz Herrieu and Yann-Ber Kalloc’h expressed their respective conception of death in their respective works. The critical comparison thus brings to light not only the very nature of the collective representations which influenced these works – especially those originating from the Catholic or nationalist, both Breton and French, imagination – but also to what extend the unprecedented conditions induced by the Great War forced these two men to invent new representations through their creation. Consequently, they gained a certain amount of individual freedom and a voice of their own, in this crucial moment of transition between tradition and modernity in society. Such a transition introduces the complete break of the development of individualism in European societies. In this perspective, the perception of Loeiz Herrieu and Yann-Ber Kalloc’h’s works improves the current understanding of the Breton folk’s state of mind at the beginning of the 20th century and of the reasons why Breton men accepted to go and sacrifice their lives on the battlefield in the name of France
Lindemann, Thomas. "La puissance des perceptions et perceptions de puissances : le nationalisme "vo͏̈lkisch",ethno-culturel, et la crise de juillet 1914." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010264.
Full textUntil now historians and political scientists did not write very much about the "belief systems" of the statesmen who led the european states in the first world war. They explain the conflict above all by external or domestic "pressures" without paying much attention to warlike "mentalities". Our study shows that the german "brinkmanship" during the july crisis resulted much more from nationalistic "misperceptions" than real constraints. The principal topics of social darwinism and the ideology "volkisch" propagated by the pan-german-league was indeed also shared by the german leadership. The belief of a decisive struggle between "slaves and germans", the wrong alternative between "world power or decline" and the seeming necessity of a living room disturbed the german perception of international politics and contributed to their "brinkmanship" in july 1914
Bachmann, Klaus. ""Ein Herd der Feindschaft gegen Russland" : Galizien als Krisenherd in den Beziehungen der Donaumonarchie mit Russland (1907-1914) /." Wien : München : Verl. für Geschichte und Politik ; R. Oldenbourg, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38898363c.
Full textBibliogr. p. 274-290.
Maillard, Christophe. "Pierre Biétry (1872-1918) : du socialisme au nationalisme, ou l'aventure du leader des Jaunes à la Belle Epoque." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100020.
Full textPierre Biétry (1872-1918) is a forgotten figure of political and trade union activity during the Belle Époque. Originating from the east of France, this simple worker in the watch industry became a radical republican debater before joining the socialist and trade union movements. A leading figure in the major strikes of the Belfort-Montbéliard region in 1899, a few years later he joined the jaune trade union movement (1901), having been excluded from the socialist ranks. It was the beginning of a career that would lead him to the benches of the Chamber of Deputies (19061910) and would make him a tireless defender of propriétisme and of cooperation between management and workers. Defender of a new social and political theory embodied in jaunes ideals, Pierre Biétry fought socialism virulently and soon became the bête noire of the working classes, employing nationalism as well as antiSemitism to reform French society. Eventually he failed and died in Indo-China in 1918
Wolfs, Gilles. "La Russie en guerre (1914-1918) vue par les périodiques occidentaux : relation des événements, nationalismes et propagange." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR20044.
Full textJanz, Oliver. "Das symbolische Kapital der Trauer Nation, Religion und Familie im italienischen Gefallenenkult des Ersten Weltkriegs." Tübingen Niemeyer, 2005. http://d-nb.info/99579295X/04.
Full textJoschke, Christian. "Les yeux de la nation : photographie amateur et société dans l'Allemagne de Guillaume II." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0092.
Full text1880-1910 : three decades in which images, and especially photographic images, acquired great importance inpublic life and inspired an ambitious project in the German liberal bourgeoisie : this bourgeoisie wanted liberal society to construct an enlightened visual culture on the basis of associative life, its deliberative practices and educative ideals. The bourgeoisie encouraged the spread of photography through the formation of amateur clubs, publishing journals and organizing major exhibitions which were not by any means limited to art photography. The public space that emerged around photographic practices facilitated the creation of a common culture inpost-Bismarckian Germany. Why were amateurs, and not the press, industry or even cultural institutions, situated at the heart of this project? What were the political aims of these images in a country deeply marked by the militaristic propaganda and Welpolitik of Wilhelm II? What part did images, and especially photographs of the land and folklore, play in the construction of a nation identity "from below"?
Chaigne, Anne-Lucie. "La France et les compétitions impériales au Levant (Syrie-Liban) de 1918 à 1946." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040222.
Full textCompetition between France and the British, American, Italian and German Powers grows in Syria and in Lebanon from the end of the Ottoman Empire to the withdrawal of the last Franco-British troops in 1946. Once the mandate granted to France, the mandated power establishes its rule in Syria and Lebanon. France faces during the inter-war period the meddling of the imperial Powers, in the political, ideological, economic, cultural and religious fields, meddling whose objective, even not clearly formulated, is to leading to the eviction of France from Syria and Lebanon. Nationalists try to benefit from this competition in order to gain independence. During the Second World war, Syria and Lebanon are again the theatre of competition with the Axis Powers, the United States, and more dramatically, Great Britain. This competition makes it possible to satisfy the claims of the Syrian and Lebanese states, thus marking the end of the French presence
Bajalan, Djene Rhys. "Between accommodationism and separatism : Kurds, Ottomans and the politics of nationality (1839-1914)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:19df6c44-b55c-4807-8d8b-bf202184bcda.
Full textHoffmann, Michael. "Ordre, famille, patrie : perception et influence de la Première Guerre Mondiale sur la Droite modérée en France pendant les années 20 : Naissance d'un parti, culture politique, milieu social." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040040.
Full textThe object of this research has been the parliamentary Right in France after the First World War. It has been established first as a parliamentary group, l'Entente Républicaine Démocratique, and - after 1924 - as a political party, the Fédération Républicaine de France. Two political mouvements have been mingled in this party after the war, and that is the republican progressists and the catholic ralliés. The aim of the thesis was to analyse, why these two mouvements have mixed and what role the First World War played in this process. To answer this question the dissertation refers to the theories of cultural history, and consequently it is based on the theoretic model of "political culture". The research was concentrated on the interpretation of texts, speeches and also political symbols which made it possible to explain the fundamental values and the sensibilities of the parliamentary Right. It became obvious that the First World War put an end to the so-called "War of the Two-France" between catholics and laicists and that it has been seen, especially by the members of the FR, as a proof of internal reconciliation and of the grandeur of France. Moreover, there were also political aims, which the two movements had in common after the war: the parliamentary and constitutional reform, family policy, regionalism, protectionism etc. Finally, to come to a better understanding of the relations between the political party and the social milieu, one third of the thesis was dedicated to the examination of a regional case, i. E. The birth of a party of the parliamentary Right in the French Departement Doubs
Dedryvère, Laurent. "Culture politique du nationalisme allemand en Autriche. Les associations de défense nationale et leurs almanachs illustrés [1880 -1918 ]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030042.
Full textWorking from an analysis of illustrated almanacs and other publications by nationalist organizations established in Austria between 1880 and 1918, this study attempts to outline the political culture of the German-national milieu in Austria. It focuses first on the significant landmarks of historical memory which nationalist intellectuals and leaders called attention to and which were highlighted in the political commemorations and the grand historical narratives which they upheld. Our work shows that depending on their degree of radicalization, activists did not regard these landmarks in the same way, and they didn't establish the same hierarchy between them. It also reveals that activists observed rival [czech, solvene or italian] organizations very closely, and that they appropriated their signi cant "realms of memory", albeit with radically different interpretations. This study then attempts to explore how organization leaders sought to make the sentiment of local belonging serve the feeling of national belonging. With this aim in view, the new discipline known as Volkskunde [nationalist ethnology] was perceived as an adequate tool, because it provided a theoretical frame inserting individuals into a series of concentric circles [family, genealogical line, linguistic community, etc.]. This work looks at the collections of small local museums created by local branches of organizations, and at their library catalogues, whose mission was always to make visitors aware of the specificities of their immediate geographical surroundings and to show them how these surroundings were a part of the overall harmony of the great German nation
Tarafás, Imre. "Versenyző történeti narratívák az Osztrák-Magyar birodalomban : politika és a történelem jövőképei (1867-1914)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0134.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is a comparative analysis of Austro-German and Hungarian historiographies with a glance at Czech historiography between 1867 and 1914. The basic question of the legitimacy of the supra-national empire and those of the co-existence of national societies with conflicts in the past are examined in the various historical narratives. The main sources are the Austro-German, Hungarian and Czech Grand récits published between 1867 and 1914 with the aim of directly shaping collective memory. The representations of the historical role and mission of each other and their views of key notions relating to political loyalty are examined. The main questions are aimed at determining to what extent these historical narratives are compatible with each other, and whether they provide a pacte mémoriel permitting the co-existence within a common empire. To assess this question, it is not enough to rely on historical narratives; therefore the historical reasoning of Austro-German and Hungarian pamphlets, discussing the dualistic arrangement are also analysed, with a glance at the Czechs. In the Hungarian and Austro-German contexts, the contemporary use of such key notions of political loyalty as nemzet, Vaterland, Mutterland or Österreich is also presented. The second part of the thesis analyses the ways in which historiography, which vindicated the right to the legitimate discourse on the past, approached these different historical constructions, mainly implicitly. The main concepts of the analysis were those of the canon, the master narrative and the pacte mémoriel. According to the main results of the research, in the Hungarian Grand Récits, the essential element of the independentists’ master narrative prevails over that of the partisans of the Ausgleich. This is true of Vilmos Fraknói, an author loyal to the dynasty and Austria, as well as of Ignác Acsády, who is leaning towards an independentist world view. Moreover, the scale of values found in these works place the independence as the most valuable possession of a nation. In the case of the Austro-German authors, the diversity of the corpus was striking, even in the case of basic notions (such as the Gesamtstaat) no consensus could be detected. In the work of the Czech author analysed in the thesis, Josef Pekar, we find an image of Austria which is greatly similar to the one in Frantisek Palacky’s political pamphlets in which Palacky advocates for a federal system and the recognition of the Bohemian state rights. However, Pekar does not share Palacky’s sympathies for the Slavic minotities of Hungary. Comparing the different historical narratives with each other, it can be concluded that the imperial histories did not serve as a master narrative for Hungarian and Czech authors. The interpretations of the past by the historians examined were too divers for that, they clashed in basic questions. In consequence, a pacte mémoriel could not be realized. Furthermore, the uncertainties regarding some key notions in the imperial histories is a warning not to exaggerate the thesis of the viability of the Empire, recently brought forward by several excellent authors
Reznikow, Stéphane. "Francophilie et identité tchèque (1848-1914)." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0066.
Full textKorf, Lindie. "D.F. Malan : a political biography." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3991.
Full textENGLSIH ABSTRACT: This study is a political biography of D.F. Malan (1874–1959), the first of the apartheid-era Prime Ministers, and covers the years 1874 to 1954, when Malan retired from politics. It endeavours to provide a warts-and-all account of D.F. Malan which challenges prevalent myths and stereotypes surrounding his public persona and his political orientation. While the overwhelming focus is on Malan’s political career, special attention is paid to his personal life in order to paint a multi-faceted picture of his character. The biography is written in the form of a seamless narrative and employs a literary style of writing. It is based on archival research which utilised Malan’s private collection, as well as the private collections of his Nationalist contemporaries. Malan takes the centre stage at all times, as the biography focuses on his perceptions and experiences. Malan’s views regarding Afrikaner nationalism, which was his foremost political priority, are described, and are related to his views of British imperialism as well as other ideologies such as communism and totalitarianism. This study demonstrates that there is a notable link between Malan’s perceptions of race relations and his concerns about the poor white problem. It reveals that Malan’s racial policy was, to some extent, fluid, as were his views on South Africa’s constitutional position. Debates about South Africa’s links to Britain and the nature of the envisioned republic preoccupied Afrikaner nationalists throughout the first half of the twentieth century – and served as an outlet for regional and generational tensions within the movement. Malan’s clashes with nationalists such as Tielman Roos, J.B.M. Hertzog and J.G. Strijdom are highlighted as an indication of the internecine power struggles within the National Party (NP). By emphasising these complexities, this study seeks to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the South African past.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is politieke biografie van D.F. Malan (1874–1959), die eerste van die apartheid-era Eerste Ministers, en dek die jare 1874 tot 1954, toe Malan uit die politiek getree het. Dit poog om onversuikerde beeld van Malan te skets wat heersende mites en stereotipes aangaande sy openbare beeld en sy benadering tot die politiek uitdaag. Die fokus is hoofsaaklik op Malan se politieke loopbaan, maar besondere aandag word aan sy private lewe geskenk om sodoende veelsydige portret van sy karakter te skilder. Die biografie is in die vorm van naatlose narratief geskryf en maak van literêre skryfstyl gebruik. Dit is gebaseer op argivale navorsing, waartydens daar van D.F. Malan se privaat versameling gebruik gemaak is, sowel as die privaat versamelings van sy tydgenote. Malan is ten alle tye die sentrale figuur en die biografie fokus op sy persepsies en ervarings. Malan se denke oor Afrikaner nasionalisme, wat sy vernaamste prioriteit was, word beskryf en in verband gebring met sy opinie van Britse imperialisme, sowel as ander ideologieë soos kommunisme en totalitarisme. Die studie wys op die verband tussen Malan se denke oor rasseverhoudinge en sy besorgdheid oor die armblanke vraagstuk. Dit dui daarop dat Malan se rassebeleid tot sekere mate vloeibaar was. Dit was ook die geval met sy benadering tot Suid-Afrika se konstitusionele posisie. Afrikaner nasionaliste het tydens die eerste helfte van die twintigste eeu baie aandag geskenk aan debatte oor Suid-Afrika se verhouding tot Brittanje en die aard van die voorgenome republiek. Dit was tot mate weerligafleier vir reeds bestaande spanning tussen die onderskeie streke en generasies. Malan se botsings met nasionaliste soos Tielman Roos, J.B.M. Hertzog en J.G. Strijdom word belig as aanduiding van die diepgewortelde magstryd binne die Nasionale Party (NP). Deur op hierdie kompleksiteite klem te lê, poog die studie om bydrae te lewer tot meer genuanseerde begrip van die Suid-Afrikaanse verlede.
Champagne, Éric. "Raymond Poincaré et la question d'Alsace-Lorraine dans la Grande Guerre (1914-1919)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25129/25129.pdf.
Full textReynolds, Michael A. "The Ottoman-Russian struggle for Eastern Anatolia and the Caucasus, 1908-1918 identity, ideology and the geopolitics of world order /." 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/58995414.html.
Full textAudet-Vallée, Kevin. ""Faites un roi, sinon faites la guerre" : l’Action française durant la Grande Guerre (1914-1918)." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8616.
Full textL’Action française was a significant ideological and intellectual movement in the French Third Republic’s political and cultural history. With its nationalist and antirepublican rhetoric, its flashy political activism and its daily newspaper, it advocated the idea of the restoration of the French monarchy to replace the democratic government, which it considered deleterious. However, it put its royalist agenda on hold during the Great War and refocused on its patriotism. L’Action française backed the governments of the firmly republican Union Sacrée throughout the war and became one of the staunchest allies against the threats to the nation, whether internal or external. At the end of the war, L’Action française had become an acknowledged political actor and had acquired intellectual notoriety. Though significant, this turnaround has nonetheless received little attention in the movement’s historiography. This thesis aims to examine L’Action française’s political journey and ideological evolution based on an analysis of politically-flavored columns published in its daily newspaper between 1914 and 1918 and reports of investigations by the French Department of the Interior (Sûreté générale). This study depicts a rather colorful portrait of the movement’s path and evolution. While L’Action française’s theoreticians and newspaper acquired a great fame thanks to their views and efforts moved by national interest, its political activism was practically destroyed by the military mobilization. Moreover, despite adhering in principle to the political truce brought by the Union Sacrée, it never gave up on its ideological criticism of the republican regime and the promotion of its royalist agenda. Studying the French political scene during the Great War and the role L’Action française reveals this ambiguity while illustrating the singularity of the period’s major debates.
Jourdain, Camille. "Paysages de guerre : l'expérience de guerre de A.Y. Jackson au front, 1914-1918." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11586.
Full textPavils, Janice Gwenllian. "ANZAC culture : a South Australian case study of Australian identity and commemoration of war dead / Janice Gwenllian Pavils." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22186.
Full textBibliography: leaves 390-420.
vii, 420 leaves : ill., maps, photos. (col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, Discipline of History, 2005
Collet-Garand, Aurélie. "French Kiss : les fêtes nationales françaises et américaines dans la France en guerre (1914-1918)." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12475.
Full textThe French national holiday, Bastille Day, was established in 1880 to strengthen popular support to the Third Republic, a disesteemed political regime born ten years earlier. Despite the government’s efforts to rally French people of all allegiances, ideological discord persisted and the parties involved were unable to reach a unanimous decision regarding the national holiday of July 14. Such was the political and social situation in France in 1914, at the dawn of the Great War. While battles and military losses multiply, convictions of a short war gave way to the reality of an endless and destructive conflict. During the years of ceaseless battles, the celebrations of the Bastille Day demonstrated the necessity of adapting national holidays to the context and needs brought to a country by a total war. In parallel, the mourning and suffering birthed by the Great War revived pre-war oppositions, both social and political, thus undermining the Union sacrée, as well as the Republic. The United-State’s involvement in World War I, beginning in April 1917, offered to a few passionate and far-sighted political figures the opportunity to restore consensus among the French people on republican values. In 1917 and 1918, the French government united both French and American national holidays, in the hope to revive optimism, courage and patriotism amongst the population. Beyond the initial tribute to a long sought-after ally, the union of national holidays became a symbol of solidarity and fraternity between both republics, thereby reaffirming the strength and legitimacy of the French political regime in place. The French national holiday, emblematic of the social and political evolution of its people, faced a sense-defining mutation during the Great War. The “Modern” Bastille Day, as developed during the war, never ceases to adapt to the needs and image of the ever-growing society it celebrates.
Champagne, Éric. "Raymond Poincaré et la question d'Alsace-Lorraine dans la Grande Guerre (1914-1919) /." 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25129/25129.pdf.
Full text