Academic literature on the topic '1907-1986 Criticism and interpretation'

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Journal articles on the topic "1907-1986 Criticism and interpretation"

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Malibari, Bima Alqari, Ida Ayu Putu Mahyuni, and A. A. A. Dewi Girindra Wardani. "Kebertahanan Usaha Kain Batik di Desa Gulurejo Tahun 1986-2018." Humanis 24, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2020.v24.i04.p13.

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This research entitled The Development of Batik Fabric Enterprises in Gulurejo Village, Lendah District, Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region 1986-2018. The purpose of this research is to determine the development of batik fabric business in the village of Gulurejo, what factors influenced the development of the batik fabric business and the implications of the development of batik fabric business for the local community. In this the researcher apply the methodology of economic history. The theory used in this research is the theory of Jhon Adam Smith about demand and supply, besides that the researcher also use the theory of commodification from Marx. The method used in this research is historical research method, where in this method there are four stages namely, (1) heuristic, (2) Source Criticism, (3) interpretation, and (4) historiography. The results of this study revealed the ups and downs of the batik cloth business were influenced by several events such as the economic crisis, the Bali bombings and the earthquake. The development of batik cloth business is influenced by the community and government policies. With the development of the batik cloth business until 2018 it has had an impact on society in the socio-economic and socio-cultural fields.
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Mari, Lorenzo. "Old and New Names. Afropolitanism, Failed-State Fiction and World Literature." New Global Studies 13, no. 1 (April 24, 2019): 102–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ngs-2019-0004.

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AbstractSince its establishment more than a decade ago, the cultural and political debate on Afropolitanism has been characterized by several different positions. In particular, the Afropolitan opposition to any kind of essentialism (Eze 2014) has been counterweighed by the necessity of a connection to “knowable African communities, nations and traditions” (Gikandi 2011, 9). This debate has been reproducing a typical oscillation of postcolonial theory and criticism between the celebration of hybridity (Bhabha 1994) and the interpretation of postcolonial texts as “national allegories” (Jameson 1986). At the same time, Afropolitanism appears to be related to a more recent phenomenon, which has been defined as “national failure” in political analysis (Zartman 1995; Rotberg 2004) and “failed-state fiction” in literary criticism (Marx 2008). The latter sheds a different light on Afropolitanism, by showing its advantages and its limits both on a national and transnational level. In view of this, Afropolitan literature – including the paradigmatic works by Helon Habila (2002, 2007, 2010) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (2006, 2013) here analyzed – appears to be based on the persistence of “old names,” or categories, in an uneven but fruitful coexistence with the “new” ones (Eze 2016).
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Lisowska, Katarzyna. "Women and Intertextuality: On the Example of Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad." Analyses/Rereadings/Theories: A Journal Devoted to Literature, Film and Theatre 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2353-6098.2.03.

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The aim of the study is to consider feminist retellings of myths and legends. As an example, Margaret Atwood’s book The Penelopiad is analyzed. The interpretation is situated in a broader context of intertextual practices characteristic of the feminist vision of literature. I present the ideas which Atwood shares with authors engaged in women’s movement. Among these there is Atwood’s understanding of intertextuality (noticeable especially in The Penelopiad). Bibliographical basis of the study comprises books which are fundamental to feminist and gender criticism (e.g. Poetics of Gender, ed. by N. Miller, New York 1986; S. M. Gilbert, S. Gubar The Madwoman in the Attic. The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth- Century Literary Imagination, New Haven and London 1984). What is more, the study refers to the books which allow considering the notion of intertextuality (G. Allen, Intertextuality, London and New York 2010, J. Clayton. E. Rothstein (eds.), Influence and Intertextuality in Literary History, Wisconsin 1991) and connecting the interpretation with the problems crucial to contemporary literary studies (L. Hutcheon L. A Poetics of Postmodernism. History, Theory, Fiction, New York and London 1988, B. Johnson, A World of Difference, Baltimore and London 1989).
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Hugason, Hjalti. "Aðskilnaður ríkis og kirkju. Upphaf almennrar umræðu 1878–1915. Síðari grein." Ritröð Guðfræðistofnunar, no. 48 (2019): 25–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/theol.48.2.

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The Icelandic Constitution from 1874 constituted a national church and religious freedom in the country, instead of the former evangelical-lutheran state-religion. Only four years later discussions began about whether a national church and religious freedom were compatible or if it was necessary to choose the one or the other. In an article published in the last number of this journal it was shown how two opposite viewpoints regarding this question had already developed by 1880. The first one, “the way of separation”, was driven by human-rights perspectives, aiming to establish real religious freedom for everybody. The other one, “the way of legislation”, was based on religious and ecclesiastic perspectives. Those who followed the second one, wanted to develop an independent national church, with ongoing relations with the state. In this second article, particular themes of the debate on separation between church and state are analyzed, and various views on the topic expressed in religious bulletins and journals examined. The main focus will be on the financial relationship between the state and the church after separation had taken place, and the question of public education, which was the responsibility of the national church until 1907. To conclude with, it will be shown how the criticism of separatists were met by constitutional amendments in 1915. Finally, the interpretation that discussions about separation of state and church during the period 1878–1915 should be seen as a part of the national freedom struggle of the Icelandic people is rejected.
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Sari, Risca Wulan, Murdiyah Winarti, and Wawan Darmawan. "Perkembangan Surat Kabar dalam Pusaran Politik: Kajian Surat Kabar Sinar Harapan 1961 – 1986." FACTUM: Jurnal Sejarah dan Pendidikan Sejarah 10, no. 2 (October 30, 2021): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/factum.v10i2.39097.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan studi mendalam mengenai dinamika perkembangan surat kabar pada masa transisi pemerintahan soekano menuju soeharto yang mana dalam perjalannya sebagai sebuah surat kabar mendapati beberapa pengekangan hingga pencabutan surat izin penerbitan karena dianggap tidak selaras dengan tujuan pemeritah saat itu. Secara umum penelitian ini ingin menjawab pertanyaan mengenai “bagaimana dinamika perjalanan surat kabar dalam masa pemerintahan otoriter, khususnya surat kabar Sinar Harapan di Indonesia?”. Untuk menguji permasalahan, peneliti melakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode historis yang mencakup empat langkah penelitian. Langkah-langkah penelitian diantaranya yaitu pengumpulan sumber tertulis melalui studi literatur (heuristik), kritik sumber, interpretasi atau analisis sumber dan historiografi. Peneliti juga menggunakan konsep untuk menyederhanakan analisis, diantaranya konsep Surat Kabar, Otoriter, politik, pemerintah. Sebuah rasionalisasi untuk studi surat kabar ini, karena banyak perspektif tentang klaim yang dibuat oleh pemerintah atau surat kabar itu sendiri. Analisis teori otoriter muncul dalam bentuk pertanggungjawaban atas analisis surat kabar sebagai objek peluisan sejarah, disamping itu teori pers otoriter digunakan sebagai analisa pada dinamika perkembangan surat kabar di Indonesia.This research aims to conduct an in-depth study of the dynamics of newspaper development during the transition of Soekarno government to Suharto which on its way as a newspaper found some restraint until the revocation of the issuance license because it was considered not in line with the government's goals at that time. In general, this study wants to answer the question of "how is the dynamics of newspaper travel in the period of authoritarian rule, especially Sinar Harapan newspaper in Indonesia?". To test the problem, researchers conducted the study using historical methods that included four steps of research. Research steps include the collection of written sources through the study of literature (heuristics), criticism of sources, interpretation or analysis of sources and historiography. Researchers also use concepts to simplify analysis, including the concept of newspapers, authoritarians, politics, government. A rationalization for the study of this newspaper, due to the many perspectives on the claims made by the government or the newspaper itself. The analysis of authoritarian theory appears in the form of accountability for newspaper analysis as an object of historical immersion, in addition to the theory of the authoritarian press is used as an analysis on the dynamics of newspaper development in Indonesia.
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Ujang Hariadi, Tenri Ampa,. "RITUAL MANDI SAFAR DESA AIR HITAM LAUT KECAMATAN SADU KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG TIMUR 1986-2003." Istoria: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Batanghari 2, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/istoria.v2i2.41.

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Abstract This study aims to describe the dynamics that occur in the Mandi Safar ritual from the period 1986-2003. The research method used is the historical method, including Heuristic stages, Source Criticism, Interpretation, and Historiography. Historical sources used in the form of local archives, oral interviews, and written literature from theses, books. The approach used to sharpen the analysis of the study of researchers. The approach used is the cultural anthropology approach, which will look at the values contained in a tradition and culture that develops in society, including the Mandi Safar ritual tradition in Air Hitam Laut Village. The results showed that the Safar Mandi ritual was in a fluctuating condition from the function, to the changes in the Safar Mandi ritual from Magico-religious to profane. In the end it was concluded that this culture turned out to have existed and continued to be preserved by the population in Air Hitam Laut Village in particular and Sadu District in general so that it was not only in this area.Keywords: Safar Bath Ritual, Air Hitam Laut Village, Sadu District AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dinamika yang terjadi didalam ritual Mandi Safar dari periode 1986- 2003. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, meliputi tahapan Heuristik, Kritik Sumber, Interpretasi, dan Historiografi. Sumber sejarah yang digunakan berupa arsip lokal, wawancara lisan, dan literatur tertulis dari skripsi, buku. Pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mempertajam analisis terhadap kajian peneliti. Adapun pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan antropologi budaya, yang akan melihat tentang nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam sebuah tradisi maupun budaya yang berkembang dalam masyarakat termasuk tradisi ritual Mandi Safar di Desa Air Hitam Laut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ritual Mandi Safar berada pada kondisi yang fluktuatif mulai dari fungsi, hingga perubahan-perubahan ritual Mandi Safar mulai dari Magico-religius menjadi profane. Pada akhirnya disimpulkan bahwa kebudayaan ini ternyata juga telah ada dan terus dilestarikan penduduk di Desa Air Hitam Laut khususnya dan Kecamatan Sadu umumnya sehingga tidak hanya didaerah ini saja.Kata Kunci : Ritual Mandi Safar, Desa Air Hitam Laut, Kecamatan Sadu
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Riskawati, Riskawati, Ahmadin Ahmadin, and Bustan Bustan. "Komunitas Petani Kopi Ujung Bulu Jeneponto 1986-2018." Jurnal Pattingalloang 6, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pattingalloang.v6i1.10559.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Petani Kopi di Desa Ujung Bulu 1986-2018 dengan memaparkan latar belakang petani kopi di Desa Ujung Bulu, dinamika pertanian kopi di Desa Ujung Bulu tahun 1986-2018, serta kehidupan sosial dan ekonomi Petani kopi di Desa Ujung Bulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebelum tahun 1986 sudah ada tanaman kopi yang tumbuh di Desa Ujung Bulu, masyarakat yang ada disana menyebutnya dengan Kopi Arabika Bantaeng. kopi yang kini dibudidayakan oleh masyarakat setempat adalah Kopi Arabika Gowa yang dibawa Oleh Bapak Lompo pada tahun 1986. Pembudidayaan kopi Arabika Gowa dimulai pada tahun 1989 dan pada tahun 1990an mulai banyak masyarakat setempat yang beralih profesi menjadi petani kopi. beralihnya masyarakat di Desa Ujung Bulu menjadi petani kopi disebabkan karena harga jual kopi lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanaman yang mereka tanam sebelumnya. Proses produksi dan pemasaran kopi arabika di Desa Ujung Bulu membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan proses yang tidak mudah. Produksi kopi di Desa Ujung Bulu tidak menetap atau mengalami peningkatan dan penurunan hasil produksi. Hal ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya adalah mulai masuknya bibir bawang merah di desa ini pada tahun 2015.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembudidayaan kopi Arabika di Desa Ujung Bulu memberikan dampak baik dalam bidang sosial maupun dalam bidang ekonomi terutama dalam mensejahterakan kehidupan masyarakat yang ada di Desa Ujung Bulu.Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui wawancara dan kajian pustaka dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah dengan menempuh beberapa tahapan yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Wawancara dilakukan dengan aparat Desa Ujung Bulu dan beberapa Petani kopi di Desa Ujung Bulu.This study aims to describe the Coffee Farmers in Ujung Bulu Village 1986-2018 by describing the background of coffee farmers in Ujung Bulu Village, the dynamics of coffee farming in Ujung Bulu Village in 1986-2018, and the social and economic life of coffee farmers in Ujung Bulu Village. The results showed that before 1986 there were coffee plants growing in Ujung Bulu Village, the people there called it Bantaeng Arabica Coffee. coffee which is now cultivated by the local community is Gowa Arabica Coffee which was brought by Mr. Lompo in 1986. The cultivation of Gowa Arabica coffee began in 1989 and in the 1990s many local people began to switch professions to become coffee farmers. the conversion of people in Ujung Bulu Village into coffee farmers was due to the higher selling price of coffee compared to the crops they had planted before. The process of producing and marketing Arabica coffee in Ujung Bulu Village takes a long time and is not an easy process. Coffee production in Ujung Bulu Village does not settle or has increased and decreased production yields. This is caused by several factors, one of which is the entry of onion lips in this village in 2015. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the cultivation of Arabica coffee in Ujung Bulu Village has an impact both in the social and economic fields, especially in the welfare community life in Ujung Bulu Village. This research was conducted through interviews and literature review using historical research methods by taking several stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Interviews were conducted with Ujung Bulu Village officials and several coffee farmers in Ujung Bulu Village.
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Widarni, Nugra, Asmunandar Asmunandar, and Amirullah Amirullah. "Hukum Adat Pemali Appa' Handanna Masyarakat Buntu Malangka' : 1815 - 1921." JURNAL PATTINGALLOANG 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jp.v9i2.24847.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses munculnya hukum adat pemali appa’ handanna, dinamika perkembangan pemali appa’ handanna, serta peranan pemali appa’ handanna terhadap kehidupan masyarakat di Buntu Malangka’. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemali appa’ handanna merupakan suatu adat yang di bawah oleh Pongkapadang dari Ulu Sa’dang pada abad ke-15. Latar belakang munculnya pemali appa’ handanna di Buntu Malangka’ adalah adanya proses penyelamatan adat dari keserakahan manusia di daerah Bambang. Perkembangan pemali appa’ handanna di Buntu Malangka’ di awali pada tahun 1816 – 1906, dimana pemali appa’ handanna mengatur segala kehidupan masyarakat baik jasmani maupun rohani. Masuknya Belanda dan Agama Kristen di Buntu Malangka’ pada tahun 1907, membawa beberapa dampak terhadap pemali appa’ handanna di Buntu Malangka’. Seperti larangan Belanda dalam melakukan ritual tertentu yang dianggap akan berdampak negatif bagi etika masyarakat. Contohnya ritual kesuburan ma’dondi dan ritual pangae. Selain itu, Belanda juga mengadakan perubahan dalam budidaya padi. Pemali appa’ handanna memiliki peranan dalam kehidupan masyarakat, seperti sebagai pedoman hidup bersosial, mengajarkan keteraturan dalam bertani, dan mengajarkan untuk lebih menaati hukum atau aturan yang ada. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang terdiri atas empat tahapan, yakni : heuristik (pengumpulan data dan sumber), kritik sumber, interpretasi atau penafsiran, dan historiografi atau penulisan sejarah.Kata Kunci : Pemali appa’ handanna, Masyarakat, Buntu Malangka’Abstract This study aims to determine the background of the emergence of the customary law of pemali appa' handanna, the dynamics of the development of pemali appa' handanna, and the role of pemali appa' handanna on people's lives in Buntu Malangka'. The results showed that pemali appa' handanna is a custom that was brought under by Pongkapadang from Ulu Sa'dang in the 15th century. . The development of pemali appa' handanna in Buntu Malangka' began in 1816 – 1906, where pemali appa' handanna governed all people's lives, both physically and spiritually. The entry of the Netherlands and Christianity in Buntu Malangka’ 'in 1907, bringing some impact on pemali appa' handanna in Buntu Malangka’. Such as the Dutch prohibition in performing certain rituals which are considered to have a negative impact on the ethics of society. Examples arefertility ma'dondi rituals and rituals pangae. In addition, the Netherlands also made changes in rice cultivation. Pemali appa' handanna has a role in people's lives, such as as a guide for social life, teaching regularity in farming, and teaching to obey existing laws or regulations more. This study uses historical research methods which consist of four stages, namely: heuristics (collection of data and sources), source criticism, interpretation , and historiography or historical writing. Keywords: Pemali appa' handanna, Society, Buntu Malangka'
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Baliutytė, Elena. "“Don’t go picking apples with the devil”: the myth of Faust in the works of Eduardas Mieželaitis." Literatūra 61, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/litera.2019.1.4.

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This article analyzes the reflection on the myth of Faust in the work of Eduardas Mieželaitis (1919–1997). The author’s initial hypothesis that the interpretation of this myth can be used as another argument for revealing the poet’s dramatic feelings and self-reflection of inauthentic Soviet existence is tested. Together with other signs of existential self-abuse (such as the metaphors of “the ringed bird” and “the masked word”), this could help answer the question of whether the description of the 1920s generation (Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas, Bronius Krivickas, etc.) as “tragic” would fit Mieželaitis. Intertextuality is the best way to describe the nature of the analysis and socio-criticism would describe the interpretation of the results.E. Mieželaitis was (and still is) one of the most intertextual Lithuanian authors. The use of the “alien word” in his texts was a conceptual position of the poet’s creative consciousness. For him the world’s culture has become a central topic, and his texts have been occupied by the masters of arts and sciences of antiquity, Renaissance, or New Age, as well as modern European authors, Oriental classics, Bible quotations, paraphrases, allusions and other forms of culture. For the poet, Goethe’s Faust is one of such foundational texts, even if the Soviet era did not favor the “myths of the great contemplation” (Vytautas Kubilius). The forever relevant myth of Faust raises a fundamental question of person’s life choice – what one is prepared to sacrifice for one’s purpose, and what the results of that “sacrifice” are. But in the Soviet times Mieželaitis did not focus on this myth as a “symbol of the duality of human’s nature” – his human is rather one-dimensional and monolithic, full of positive energy directed towards technological progress and an absolute belief in the cognitive powers of man. This is the exact aspect that Faust embodies in Mieželaitis’ works, as if it was his “new man”, the product of the Enlightenment era. Mieželaitis did not care about the moment of negotiations between Faust and Mephistopheles – for him there could easily be no Mephistopheles. However, in late works (Postskriptumai, 1986; Gnomos, 1987; Laida, 1992), where the poet reflects on his life and creative path, there are many signs of disillusionment with the myth of human omnipotence as the results of his labor have turned against him – he wanted to create a heaven, but got a hell in the form of Hiroshima. It is at this point that Mephistopheles dominates the duet with Faust, but in general they have both become a “common place” and their function is limited by the text’s aesthetic figurativeness.My conclusion is that eventually the rich allusions to Faust in Mieželaitis’ works did not translate into reflections on the essence or meaning of being – he was not concerned with the problematics of human’s choices, duality, or contradictions. Thus, my initial expectation that the interpretation of the Faust myth may be another argument for revealing the poet’s dramatic feelings and self-reflection of inauthentic existence in the Soviet times was essentially not confirmed. And that could have been another argument for adding him to the social group of the 1920s.On the other hand, looking from the distant present, it is my opinion that Mieželaitis is still a part of the tragic generation, as the whole generation – whether they retreated to the West, or remained in Soviet Lithuania, collaborated or resisted – became hostages of the Second World War and the Soviet occupation.
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Budiman, Hary Ganjar. "Dinamika Industri Kopi Bubuk di Lampung (1907-2011)." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v4i3.161.

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AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul “Dinamika Industri Kopi Bubuk di Lampung (1907-2011)”. Kopi merupakan salah satu sumber daya unggulan di Lampung. Keberadaan industri kopi di Lampung ditopang oleh banyaknya perkebunan rakyat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan konsep industri. Industri adalah kegiatan manufaktur yang di dalamnya terdapat kegiatan produktif yang mengolah bahan mentah menjadi barang setengah jadi atau barang jadi. Awal mula budidaya kopi di Lampung dilatarbelakangi oleh perpindahan penduduk dari Jawa ke Lampung yang telah berlangsung sejak 1905. Para kolonis datang ke Lampung untuk membuka lahan dan menanam berbagai komoditas, salah satunya adalah kopi. Proses perpindahan terus berlangsung dalam beberapa periode; 1905-1941 (Hindia-Belanda) dan pada 1950-1986 (masa kemerdekaan). Selama proses tersebut, pembukaan lahan-lahan perkebunan kopi terus dilakukan di berbagai daerah. Industri kopi bubuk yang pertama berdiri adalah Kopi Njit Sin Hoo (Rajawali) yang sudah ada sejak 1907. Njit Sin Hoo kemudian berganti nama menjadi Kopi Sinar Baru Cap Bola Dunia pada 1950. Industri kopi bubuk berkembang pesat pada 1980 dengan bermunculannya beragam merk kopi bubuk. Memasuki tahun 2007 hingga 2010 dikenal kopi luwak yang memiliki kualitas istimewa dan dikenal di dalam dan luar negeri. AbstractCoffee is one of major resources in Lampung. It is supported by many people’s plantations. The author conducted methods in history: heuristic, critique, interpretation, and historiography. The concept that is used in this study is “industry”. Industry is manufacture activities involving productivity in processing raw material into half-finished or finished goods. Coffee cultivation in Lampung was motivated by migrations from Jawa to Lampung that took place in 1905. The colonists opened and cultivated land with many commodities, including coffee. There are two phases of migration: during the Dutch colonialism (1905-1941) and after the Independence (1950-1986), and in those periods many coffee plantations were opened in many areas. The first coffee powder industry Njit Sin Hoo (Rajawali) was established in 1907. In 1950 it changed the name into Kopi Sinar Baru Cap Bola Dunia. Coffee industry made its big progress in 1980 along with the introduction of many new brands. By 2007 until 2010 kopi luwak, which has special quality, was introduced.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1907-1986 Criticism and interpretation"

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Outland, Joyanne Jones. "Emma Lou Diemer : solo and chamber works for piano through 1986." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/519286.

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Chapter I. Emma Lou Diemer, currently Professor of Composition at the University of California at Santa Barbara, is an excellent representative of the mainstream of twentieth- century American music. Born in 1927 in Kansas City, Missouri, she began composing at an early age, motivated by her improvisations at the piano. She received a Bachelor of Music and a Master of Music from Yale and a Doctor of Philosophy from Eastman, all in composition.Diemer's career has encompassed teaching in the public schools and at the university level, working as a church organist, and performing publically on all of her keyboard instruments. Her compositional output reflects this diversity. In 1959, she was the only woman in the first group of young composers to be awarded Ford Foundation Grants, for which she was assigned to the secondary schools of Arlington, Virginia. During this time, the simpler works for the bands and choirs resulted in requests from publishers and commissions from many sources, for choral works in particular. These have since become her largest category of compositions. However, she has also written some twenty-six chamber and solo works for piano. This body of music, which reflects both her many influences and her unique style, constitutes an outstanding contributionto her art.Chapter II. Her earliest works reflected her stated models, Rachmaninoff, Debussy, and Gershwin, in their programmatic titles, energetic rhythms, and full keyboard sound. In them one can see her affection for low sustained resonant tones and for Prokofiev-like brilliant high register sounds. She frequently used chord structures in thirds, but employed a deliberately atonal harmonic framework.Chapter III. At Yale, she fell under the neoclassic influence of Hindemith. Her forms tightened and her harmonic language centered on tonics and key schemes resembling traditional modes. Features seen in the early works became pervasive: motivic melodic construction, ametric and syncopated rhythms in a strongly metric context, ostinatos in all registers, imitative textures, structured fugues, and a Bartokian control of harmony by intervals, particularly the fourth and fifth.Chapter IV. With the solo piano works, she melded the neoclassic structured language with her earlier romantic style. Ideas once again flowed directly from improvisations, while she also wrote her first large twelve-tone work.Chapter V. In the 1970's, she combined the sonorities of the electronic world with intrinsically pianistic techniques, including the new sounds of the avant-garde. Rhythm returned as pulsing beats, contrasted with free and aleatoric sections. Neoclassic motivic development generated dramatic forms.Chapter VI. Diemer integrates many techniques, new and old, into a highly successful and personal style, one which places ultimate value on expression and communication. Retaining a strong tie to the past, she is a cautious explorer, rarely breaking new ground, but eventually encompassing even the most advanced trends into wonderfully effective works.
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Bong-Toh, Mei Choo Aileen. "Fictions of power : the novels of Bessie Head." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59862.

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Bessie Head's fiction reflects the author's consciousness of power as the definitive force in the South African context. By considering Head as a social realist, the thesis relates sociological evidence to authorial interest and demonstrates Head's treatment of the power issue in her three novels, When Rain Clouds Gather, Maru, and A Question of Power. Biographical data, particularly Head's unique, though socially marginal position as a political exile, a Coloured, and a woman are also applied. The thesis covers three areas--politics, race, and gender. The first explores the nature of power in South African politics within the time-frame of the present, past, and future. The second which focuses on the institution of apartheid examines racial relations between the blacks and whites and also among the blacks, with attention given to the dilemma of the Coloured. The third section discusses sexual politics, looking at male-female relationships in both traditional and contemporary societies.
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Villemure, Geneviève. "La spirale dans l'oeuvre de Normand Chaurette de 1980 à 1986." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37241.pdf.

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Fudge, Heather Lynn. "L' autobiographie et le personnage de fiction chez Simone de Beauvoir." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22587.

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The corpus of this project consists of the five volumes of Simone de Beauvoir's memoirs: Memoires d'une jeune fille rangee, La force de l'age, La force des choses I, La force des choses II and Tout compte fait. In this study, we have considered the difficulties of self-analysis and examined the limitations and demands of the genre of autobiography.
A memoir is not simply the reconstruction of the author's past, but a personal interpretation of this past which often includes discrepancies between the narrative and the reality of his or her life. The autobiographer's primary objective is not to deliver the historical facts of his or her existence, but to show a self beneath the person that appears to the world. In our research, we have found that the value and truth of Simone de Beauvoir's autobiography arise from her creation of a character she sees as embodying her own distinct personality.
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Stanislaw, Rebecca W. "The poetic voice of John Ciardi." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/833002.

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The poetry of John Ciardi, a versatile and prolific man of letters, has not received adequate critical attention. Through an examination of his poetic canon, using traditional elements of poetry, this dissertation establishes his unique poetic voice. Attention is focused on his Selected Poems, but representative poems from his full canon are examined.Chapter One reviews critical writings relevant to establishing Ciardi's poetic voice, introduces texts to be examined, and sets forth criteria for analyzing his poetry.Chapter Two identifies Ciardi's poetics and places him as a poet in the realistic tradition. His poetics stress four elements essential to good poetry: rhythm, diction, imagery, and form (wholeness). Much of his analysis is orthodox; however, as subsequent chapters demonstrate, some analytical terms are used in a special sense by Ciardi.Chapter Three positions Ciardi as a personal poet, dependent on family experiences for his subjects and settings. Ciardi's poems tend to succeed when autobiography plays a large role. Chapter Six also considers the relationship of imagery to common themes.Chapters Four through Seven deal with techniques of poetry. Chapter Four on rhythm shows how Ciardi successfully creates a vernacular language by manipulating a basic iambic line by using metrical and non-metrical devices.Chapter Five analyzes how diction is affected by grammar, sound devices, and etymology. Effective diction is precise, appropriate, resonant, and authentic.Chapter Six categorizes frequently-used images into four groups: nature, family, war, and religion/art. This chapter demonstrates the close relationship between imagery and his persistent themes: depersonalization of twentieth-century people and salvation in interpersonal relationships and art. Ciardi's most successful poems use fresh images from "unimportant" experiences, from which humanistic values are derived.Chapter Seven addresses the wholeness of the poem, including the "sympathetic contract." The poems tend toward a formal ending, frequently following what Ciardi calls a "fulcrum." Ciardi's composite voice is rich with unexpected images, flowing in a rhythm reminiscent of iambic speech. Ciardi's vision is expressed in a unique poetic voice that deserves to be included in the canon of contemporary poetry.3
Department of English
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Fortier, Anne-Marie. "La lecture à l'oeuvre : René Char et la métaphore Rimbaud." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34724.

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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the function and the modulations of the figure of Rimbaud in the works of Rene Char, from 1927 to 1988 approximately.
This analysis, which traces the passage---from the latent to the manifest---of the figure of Rimbaud through Char's works, is situated at the junction of two series of texts, one "interior" (Char's writings on Rimbaud), the other "exterior" (twentieth-century interpretations of Rimbaud). Intertexuality, understood to mean the influence of Rimbaud on Rene Char, emerges as a reading, that is a "critique" of Rimbaud, the elaboration of a "Rimbaldian" text of which Char himself is the legatee.
What is designated in this thesis as the "metaphore Rimbaud" in the work of Rene Char refers to a process of aesthetic conceptualization rooted in the figure of Rimbaud. The "conceptual metaphor" (a notion borrowed from the works of Judith Schlanger) constructs rather than describes an interpretation. The metaphor is thus a means of intellectual invention, a heuristic act and an instrument of investigation. For Char, the metaphorical Rimbaud is the space into which he projects and imagines the work to be created. Thus, the figure of Rimbaud, through a working and reworking of discrepancies and margins, is gradually transformed by the poet and becomes, finally, a true metaphor, that is, a conceptual hypothesis which is supple and ample enough to accommodate all of Char's poetry.
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Adams, Melinda J. "Re-making the Auden canon : new readings and critical interpretations of W.H. Auden's 1930's poems based on revised texts." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/833006.

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Much of W. H. Auden's most brilliantly evocative poetry was written during the 1930's. His skill in catching the tones, the topics of his time, and his ability to evoke its moods and its social turbulence are unequalled among those of his generation writing of political unrest, international crises and revolution. It is no surprise that the word "Audenesque" has become part of the language of literary criticism describing a particular poetic style. Yet it was his poetry of the '30's that Auden later in his life revised and/or repudiated, creating textual problems involving basic critical issues related to literary interpretation, readers'responses to much-revised poems, and to the way that textual scholars approach the determinate relations among poems as first printed and subsequent, altered versions that are also authoritative. Traditional textual criticism cannot address all of the problems caused by Auden's extensive overhauling, nor can it provide evidence that some of Auden's harshest critics--the British Scrutiny group headed by F. R. Leavis and American critics Joseph Warren Beach and Randall Jarrell--may have dismissed him as a major poet too soon. But a method of textual treatment called versioning--the presentation of the complete texts of two or more different stages of a literary work--may be the most useful and efficient method of textual treatment for authors like Auden, and for readers and critics who might wish to assess the significance of Auden's revised works by comparing them with original texts.
Department of English
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Bowd, Gavin. "The poetry of Guillevic." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13449.

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Sodekawa, Hiromi. "Enchi Fumiko : a study in the self-expression of women." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28285.

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This thesis examines four major works of Enchi Furaiko in terras of themes, style, and plot development. In these works, Enchi created three "types" of female characters: the vengeful woman, the lovable woman, and the elderly woman facing death and aging. She attempted to show how it was possible for these women, all repressed by a society, to release themselves from suppression to express their hidden, real selves. In exploring these issues, Enchi drew heavily on her knowledge of the Japanese classics, especially The Tale of Genji and late Edo fiction (including Kabuki), creating a literary world in which the classical and the modern, the past and the present were conflated. Unable to express their true selves within the constraints of a repressive social order, her characters seek self-expression and Eros through the intervention of mediumistic, spiritual, and supernatural forces. In Enchi's works, when the characters released spirits united with their Eros, they realized their essential femininity. An analysis of four of Enchi's major works clarifies these themes and Enchi's literary world. Chapter One examines The Waiting Years, the work which established Enchi's reputation as a powerful novelist. Though marred by a lack of realism in the supportive characters, The Waiting Years succeeds in portraying a "vengeful woman" who expresses her essential femininity through revenge. A well-controlled, repressive style, influenced by that of The Tale of Genji and late Edo fiction, reinforces the theme of revenge and repression. In contrast to this vengeful woman, Tale of the Mediums, which is analysed in Chapter Two, deals with the "lovable woman." This type of woman uses her spirit force to express her suppressed love. This chapter attempts to explain how Enchi employs complicated stylistic devices and a plot in which historical facts and fiction, present and past, and illusion and reality are conflated, in order to describe an ideal love. Tale of the Mediums, which can be called Enchi's work of Heian literature, creates a highly sophisticated and even a slightly artificial literary world. Chapter Three focuses on the novel, Wandering Souls, which is part of the larger trilogy also called Wandering Souls. In this work, the heroine is neither a vengeful nor a loving woman. Although she is involved with men, love, and sex, she is forced to face the realities of aging, death, fear and loneliness. These harsh realities force her to release her hidden self from the forces of social suppression and from the barrier of her public self. Her self-expression takes place through the fusion of reality and illusion, in a world associated with that portrayed in The Tale of Genji. The Mist in Karuizawa, Enchi's most mature work, is the subject of Chapter Four. All of Enchi's major concerns are brought into focus in this work. Using an imaginary classical work as the center of the novel, Enchi develops two additional narrative lines to create a sophisticated, layered plot. The heroine is an elderly woman facing aging, death, fear and loneliness, and her self-liberation takes place in an illusional world created through reference to the Japanese classics. In this work an ancient high priestess symbolizes the essential quality of femininity, the unity of spirit force and Eros, and through a supernatural relationship with this priestess, the novel's protagonist also realizes her essential femininity and life force. This thesis, through the four works that are examined, can be considered an attempt to shed light on the question how Enchi's women characters express their hidden, real selves; it also attempts to assess Enchi's place as a modern Japanese writer.
Arts, Faculty of
Asian Studies, Department of
Graduate
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Pietrobruno, Sheenagh. "Myths of the body : performing identity in Genet." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56642.

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The issue of sexual and racial identity unfolds in a paradoxical light in Genet's works. Identity as a fixed essence is both deconstructed and maintained. His enigmatic portrayal of identity is addressed from a theoretical perspective which combines seemingly contradictory positions, namely essentialism and deconstruction. Such a theoretical stand claims that although identity categories are not fixed essences and consequently can be deconstructed, they must be maintained as political categories in order to deal with oppressive systems which construct essentialist-based identities. Through Genet's presentation of identity as a body performance, race and sex are deconstructed. At the same time, he illustrates how male dominance and racism maintain identities as fixed categories.
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Books on the topic "1907-1986 Criticism and interpretation"

1

Pill, Mari. Mari Rääk: (1907--1986). Tallinn: Kirjastus "Kunst", 1988.

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Simion, Eugen. Mircea Eliade: A spirit of amplitude. Boulder, Colo: East European Monographs, 2001.

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Simion, Eugen. Mircea Eliade: Nodurile și semnele prozei. 2nd ed. București: Univers Enciclopedic, 2005.

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Meister, Charles W. Chekhov criticism, 1880 through 1986. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland, 1988.

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Phong, Thxua. Thân thre và svu nghiuep ckua thi sĩ Tre Nhị, 1907-1986. Tampa, FL: Lê Văn Cư, 1994.

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Apollinaire, Guillaume. Henri Matisse, 1907-1918. Paris: L'Echoppe, 1993.

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Laudanna, Mayra. Raphael Galvez, 1907-1998. São Paulo, SP: Momesso Edições de Arte, 1999.

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1851-1907, Krstić Đorđe, ed. Slikar Đorđe Krstić, 1851-1907 =: Painter Đorđe Krstić, 1851-1907. Beograd: Narodni muzej, 2001.

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1881-1973, Picasso Pablo, ed. Picasso Cubism (1907-1917). New York: Rizzoli, 1990.

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Rezső, Szíj. Mata János, 1907-1944. [Budapest]: Szenci Molnár Társaság, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "1907-1986 Criticism and interpretation"

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"Between Historical Criticism and Holistic Interpretation: New Trends in Old Testament Exegesis." In Congress Volume Jerusalem 1986, 298–303. BRILL, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004275638_027.

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"realities they name. Though corrupt, they remain dictions, fissures, discord, repressions, aporias, etc. divinely given and the poet’s burden is to purify the Inasmuch as their response is a product of their language of his own tribe. Words have been ‘wrested time, so is mine for I remain caught up in a vision of from their true calling’, and the poet attempts to the poem I had during my graduate years at the wrest them back in order to recreate that natural lan-University of Cambridge when I began seriously to guage in which the word and its reality again merge. read it. What I had anticipated to be an obscure alleg-Like Adam, he gives names to his creatures which ory that could be understood only by an extended express their natures. His word-play is a sustained study of its background became more clear the more and serious effort to plant true words as seeds in the I read it until I had the sense of standing at the reader’s imagination. In Jonson’s phrase, he ‘makes centre of a whirling universe of words each in its pro-their minds like the thing he writes’ (1925– per order and related to all the others, its meanings 52:8.588). He shares Bacon’s faith that the true end constantly unfolding from within until the poem is of knowledge is ‘a restitution and reinvesting (in seen to contain all literature, and all knowledge great part) of man to the sovereignty and power (for needed to guide one’s personal and social life. In the whensoever he shall be able to call the creatures by intervening years, especially as a result of increasing their true names he shall again command them) awareness of Spenser’s and his poem’s involvement which he had in his first state of creation’ (Valerius in Ireland, as indicated by the bibliographies com-Terminus). Although his poem remains largely piled by Maley in 1991 and 1996a, and such later unfinished, he has restored at least those words that studies as McLeod 1999:32–62, but best shown in are capable of fashioning his reader in virtuous and Hadfield 1997, I have come to realize also the pro-gentle discipline. What is chiefly needed to under-found truth of Walter Benjamin’s observation that stand the allegory of The Faerie Queene fully is to ‘there is no document of civilization that is not at the understand all the words. That hypothesis is the basis same time a document of barbarism’. The greatness of my annotation. of The Faerie Queene consists in being both: while it My larger goal is to help readers understand ostensibly focuses on Elizabeth’s court, it is impos-why Spenser was honoured in his day as ‘England’s sible even to imagine it being written there, or at any Arch-Poët’, why he became Milton’s ‘Original’ and place other than Ireland, being indeed ‘wilde fruit, the ‘poet’s poet’ for the Romantics (see ‘poet’s poet’ which saluage soyl hath bred’ (DS 7.2). in the SEnc), and why today Harold Bloom 1986: If Spenser is to continue as a classic, criticism must 2 may claim that he ‘possessed [mythopoeic power] continue to recreate the poem by holding it up as a . . . in greater measure than any poet in English mirror that first of all reflects our own anxieties and except for Blake’, and why Greenblatt 1990b:229 concerns. It may not be possible, or even desirable, may judge him to be ‘among the most exuberant, to seek a perspective on the poem ‘uncontaminated generous, and creative literary imaginations in our by late twentieth century interests and beliefs’, as language’. Stewart 1997:87 urges, and I would only ask with As I write in a year that marks a half century of my him that we need to be aware of ‘historical voices engagement with the poem, I have come to realize other than our own, including Spenser’s’. As far as the profound truth of Wallace Stevens’s claim that possible criticism should serve also as a transparent ‘Anyone who has read a long poem day after day glass through which to see what Spenser intended as, for example, The Faerie Queene, knows how the and what he accomplished in ‘Fashioning XII Morall poem comes to possess the reader and how it nat-vertues’. Of course, we cannot assume that under-uralizes him in its own imagination and liberates standing his intention as it is fulfilled in the poem him there’ (1951:50). It has been so for me though, necessarily provides a sufficient reading, but it may I also recognize, not for many critics today whose provide a focus for understanding it. Contemporary engagement with the poem I respect. With Mon-psychological interpretation of the poem’s characters trose 1996:121–22, I am aware that ‘the cultural reads the poem out of focus, and the commendable politics that are currently ascendant within the aca-effort to see the poem embedded in its immediate demic discipline of literary studies call forth condem-sociopolitical context, chiefly Spenser’s relation to nations of Spenser for his racist / misogynist / elitist the Queen, fails to allow that he wrote it ‘to liue with." In Spenser: The Faerie Queene, 40. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315834696-38.

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"Given the sample bias towards Sicilian sites, it is difficult to see any consistent regional differences expressed in burial practices. The start of burial and occupation at the three north Sicilian sites at around the beginning of the Holocene however, suggests that the appearance of these practices (in the archaeological record) may be related to particular circumstances of changed mobility within, and use of, the changing landscape in this area; earlier burials are known from peninsular Italy (Mussi 1986; 1987). Although the list is necessarily incomplete and the dating is uncertainly biassed, there is a suggestion in the figures as presented that burial in caves may have been confined to, or more common in, the final LUP and earlier Mesolithic; burial practice, at least in terms of place, may have been changing by the later Mesolithic. Interestingly, caves with Epipalaeolithic burials do not show continuity of use for the same practice into the Neolithic: different sites are chosen (see below). Arguments against marked regional differentiation are the generally similar burial position, and the occurrence of identical types of perforated deer teeth from Puglia and Sicilia. The perforated tooth from the Grotta del Cavallo in Puglia probably relates to the late Romanellian, perhaps at circa 10000-8000 cal.BC; those from the Grotta Romanelli to a similar date. Equivalence of practice, of course, does not necessarily correlate with equivalence of meaning, as is suggested by the different faunal contexts of these finds. The main hunted animals in Puglia were generally equids and bovines, but deer and pig in Sicilia. Discussion Italian Late Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic burials have been discussed by Mussi (1986; 1987), Mussi et al. (1989) and Zampetti & Mussi (1991). Although most of the burials are from outside the study area (mostly in Liguria), Mussi (1987) includes the Grotta di San Teodoro and Grotta delPUzzo (SIC), and the Grotta del Romito (CAL). She considers differences to reflect different emphases and conditions of social reproduction (1987: 45ff). In scheme A only certain sex-age individuals were buried, perhaps related to the circumstances of their death. She suggests that male hunters are represented at the Grotta di San Teodoro (although revision now suggests three tentatively identified females: Mussi 1987: 46; Fabbri 1993). In contrast, the burials at the Grotta del Romito represent scheme C, with both males and females, reflecting increased emphasis on social reproduction through exogamy (Mussi 1987: 47-8). She also notes the apparent contemporaneity of the first occupation and burials at the Grotta di San Teodoro, and argues that this represents the "colonisation" of Sicilia at a time when it was still "almost deserted" (Mussi 1987: 47-8). A similar argument is expanded by Zampetti & Mussi (1991), in which they also consider the evidence of 'art'. They argue that in the early Late Upper Palaeolithic there were burials of high-status individuals, perhaps related to control of information and partner exchange in a sparsely-populated landscape (Mussi 1987: 156). By the final Late Upper Palaeolithic they argue that there is more evidence of concern with descent, perhaps more stabilised (partner) exchange networks, and less evidence of pre-eminent individuals in the burials (Mussi 1987: 157). Stimulating though their interpretations are, in attempting to relate burial modes to changing social organisation and mapping of the social landscape, one might criticise some of the work in detail: for example, the burials from the Grotta del Romito are difficult to visualise as partners (see below). Any interpretation must be preceded by the realisation that the sample is extremely small and is already uncertainly biassed by accidents of excavation. Only certain people may have been buried; and the survival and excavation of burial (or other disposal sites) may be skewed. Thirdly, the representation of remains within those sites may be biassed, for example by the lower survival rates of infant and child remains. However, assuming that the sample is at least partly representative of the practices surrounding the dead, the following suggestions may be made." In Gender & Italian Archaeology, 70–75. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315428178-17.

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