Journal articles on the topic '1905-2000 Criticism and interpretation'
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1
Saputra, Irwansya, Patahuddin Patahuddin, and Bahri Bahri. "Politik Etis Kerajaan Soppeng 1905-1942." Jurnal Pattingalloang 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pattingalloang.v7i1.12513.
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Penelitian ini membahas mengenai latar belakang penerapan politik etis di Kerajaan Soppeng, bentuk penerapan dan dampak dari politik etis di Kerajaan Soppeng. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu heuristik (mencari dan mengumpulkan sumber), kritik sumber (kritik intern dan ektern), interpretasi (penafsiran sumber) dan historiografi (penulisan sejarah). Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara melakukan penelitian lapangan terdiri dari wawancara dan mengumpulkan sumber arsip serta literatur-literatur yang berhubungan. Berdasarkan hasil pelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masuknya pengaruh Hindia Belanda di Kerajaan Soppeng pertama kali Pada tanggal 25 September 1905 dan menenpatkan diri sebagai penguasa di Kerajaan Soppeng. Semenjak berkuasa, Belanda Menerapkan kebijakan politik etis, dimana kebijakan ini meliputi pembangunan 14 sekolah dan dibangunya 12 irigasi di Wilayah Kerajaan Soppeng. Wilayah ini menjadi perhatian pihak Belanda karena kondisi masyarakat yang terbelakang dalam bidang pengetahuan dan potensi pertanahan dan pertanian yang subur di wilayah ini patut untuk dikembangkan. Dari hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa masuknya Belanda di Kerajaan Soppeng telah memeberikan dampak positif bagi kaum pribumi, hal ini dikarenakan masuknya Belanda telah mengajarkan konsep pendidikan formal serta tata cara mengelola pertanian dengan moderen seperti, membangun irigasi di Kerjaan Soppeng pada saat itu. Adapun dampak negatif ialah banyaknya kebiasaan lokal yang berubah. Kata Kunci : Politik, Etis, Kerajaan, dan Soppeng Abstract This research is discuss about the background of the application of Ethical Politics in the Kingdom of Soppeng, the terms of application and the impact of ethical politics in the Soppeng Kingdom. This research is using historical research method which consists of four stages, which is heuristics (searching and gathering sources), source criticism (internal and external criticism), interpretation (source interpretation) and historiography (history writing). The method of data collection is done by conducting field research consisting of interviews and collecting archives and related literatures. Based on the results of this research shows that the entry of the influence of the Dutch East Indies in the Kingdom of Soppeng was the first time on September 25th, 1905 and established itself as a ruler in the Kingdom of Soppeng. Since coming to power, the Netherlands has implemented an ethical political policy, which includes the construction of 14 schools and the construction of 12 irrigation systems in the Soppeng Kingdom Area. This region is concern to the Dutch because the backward condition of the community in the field of knowledge and the potential for fertile land and agriculture in this region deserves to be developed.From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the entry of the Netherlands in the Kingdom of Soppeng had a positive impact on the natives, this is because the Dutch entry had taught the concept of formal education and procedures for managing agriculture in a modern way, such as building irrigation in the Soppeng Work at that time. The negative impact is that many local habits have changed. Keyword : politics, Ethical, Kingdom, and Soppeng
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Rahmah, Rahmah, Syahruddin Siregar, and Rina Devianty. "Sejarah Musik Melayu di Kota Medan, 1970-2000." Warisan: Journal of History and Cultural Heritage 2, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/warisan.v2i1.681.
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This article discusses the influence of foreign cultures on the existence of Malay music in Medan City in the period 1970-2000. The arrival of various foreign communities in Medan City also brings their original culture. The acculturation of foreign communities with ethnic Malays produces a beautiful blend of cultures. This study uses the historical method in four writing steps, namely; heuristics, verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography, with a cultural approach. Ethnic Malay as an egalitarian society can accept foreign culture with open arms. The interaction of the Malay people for hundreds with foreign cultures has brought significant changes to their culture. This can be seen from the various musical genres that influence Malay music. In addition, the use of musical instruments from various foreign cultures also enriches the treasures of Malay music. Even though it was influenced a lot from foreign cultures, Malay music still survives and exists today.
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Havelock, Rohan. "THE “UNITARY EXERCISE” OF CONTRACTUAL INTERPRETATION." Cambridge Law Journal 76, no. 3 (November 2017): 486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197317000745.
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LORD Hoffmann's famous “restatement” of the principles of contractual interpretation in Investors Compensation Scheme v West Bromwich Building Society [1998] 1 W.L.R. 896, 912–13, was heralded as a “quiet revolution” (McLauchlan (2000) 19 N.Z.U.L.R. 147, at 148) in that it appeared to overthrow the legalistic approach of the past. That approach, often associated with the “plain meaning rule” (Bank of New Zealand v Simpson [1990] A.C. 182 (PC), 189) involved giving effect to the expressed meaning of the text, which (limited exceptions aside) could not be contradicted by the relevant background (or matrix of fact). By contrast, the approach in ICS mandated the Court to search for the apparently intended meaning by consulting the relevant and admissible background in all cases. The ICS approach rapidly became dominant, and indeed orthodox, across multiple jurisdictions. However, in a series of judgments commencing with Re Sigma Finance Corporation [2009] UKSC 2; [2010] 1 All E.R. 571, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom has gradually moved away from the approach in ICS (albeit without expressly overruling it) and emphasised the importance of giving effect to the natural and ordinary meaning of the words used, in combination with other factors (see especially Marley v Rawlings [2014] UKSC 2; [2014] 2 W.L.R. 213, at [18]–[19]; Arnold v Britton [2015] UKSC 36; [2015] A.C. 1619, at [14]–[23]). This return to a more traditional approach to interpretation vindicates sustained criticism of the validity of the ICS approach in principle and practice (see e.g. Staughton [1999] C.L.J. 303; Berg (2006) 122 L.Q.R. 354; Buxton [2010] C.L.J. 253).
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Ujang Hariadi, Reky Hadi Susanto,. "SEKOLAH YAYASAN KESEJAHTERAAN PEGAWAI PERTAMINA DI KOTA JAMBI 1952 – 2000." Istoria: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Batanghari 1, no. 1 (October 14, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/istoria.v1i1.5.
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Abstra The purpose of this research is to describe the process of establishment and development of YKPP School, as well as to explain the role or contribution of YKPP School for the advancement of education in Jambi City as well as to improve the economic welfare of the parties directly involved in the management and operation of the school. The research method used is the method of history ranging from heuristic stages, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The approach used is sociology approach and prosessual approach. The result showed Initially YKPP (elementary and junior high school) schools showed progressive and progressive conditions, but since 2000 there has been a significant deterioration of both schools, especially after they are no longer under the auspices of Jambi Pertamina, and taken over by their respective school committees. The setback is mainly seen from the number of students, the provision of new facilities and learning infrastructure. Nevertheless both schools survive and keep trying to maintain the quality of schools, teachers, and students. In terms of quality, the school still earns accreditation status with rank A and B, in terms of teachers still graduated S1 with various new disciplines, and students who continue to get achievements in various fields (art, sport, scout, science, and others).Keywords: School, YKPP, Kota Jambi, Progress,
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Ismail, Raudatul, Ida Ayu Wisarmini Sidemen, and Fransiska Dewi Setiowati Sunaryo. "Bertahannya Pasar Tradisional Sanglah di Tengah-Tengah Pengaruh Pasar Modern di Denpasar Tahun 2000-2018." Humanis 24, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2020.v24.i04.p12.
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This study is entitled The Survival of Sanglah Traditional Market in the Middle of the Effect of Modern Markets in Denpasar in 2000-2018. Sanglah Market is surrounded by many modern markets. Economic developments that occur at this time lead to competition between the Sanglah market and the modern market in Denpasar. The research method used is the historical research method which consists of four stages, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results of this study indicate that the Sanglah market is one of the engines of economic growth for the City of Denpasar. The rise of the development of modern markets in the city of Denpasar requires traders in the Sanglah market to innovate more in maintaining their existence. The many modern markets in Denpasar City have their own impact on traders in the Sanglah market both economically and socially, such as the decline in the income of traders, besides that the modern market also impacts on people's lifestyles.
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Alotaibi, Yasir. "A New Analysis of Verbal Irony." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 5 (July 6, 2017): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.5p.154.
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This article contributes a new analysis of verbal irony to the literature. It presents the main analyses of verbal irony – and the main criticisms of these analyses – found in both older and modern literatures as part of its attempt to build a new account for verbal irony. Thus, this paper discusses traditional, echoic and pretense accounts of irony and the limitations of these analyses. In traditional account, verbal irony is analyzed as a type of a trope or a figurative, in which the speaker communicates the opposite of the literal meaning (see Utsumi (2000)). In echoic analysis, verbal irony is assumed to be an echoic interpretation of an attributed utterance or thought (see Wilson and Sperber (1992)). As for pretense account of verbal irony, it views the ironist as pretending to be an injudicious speaker talking to an uninitiated hearer (see Clark and Gerrig (1984)). The three analyses of verbal irony attract some criticism in the literature (see Kreuz and Glucksberg (1989) and Utsumi (2000)). This paper argues for a new analysis, suggesting that there are multiple types of verbal irony that should be examined under more than one analytical approach based on their meanings. This paper suggests that ironic verbal expressions that communicate the opposite of their literal meaning should be analyzed as a type of metaphor with two oppositional subjects in which the ironist pretends to believe that they resemble one another.
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Garbuz, G. V. "“Dirty Period”: Freedom of Speech in the Russian Province in 1905–1913 through the Eyes of the Local Administration." Modern History of Russia 12, no. 2 (2022): 358–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu24.2022.206.
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Using memoirs, journalism, business correspondence, and heads of provincial administration late Imperial Russia, this article examines attitudes to freedom of speech imposed by the Manifesto of 17 October 1905. The democratic freedoms granted from the crown at one of the most tense moments of the first Russian revolution were immediately and actively used by the liberation movement to fight the existing system, which predetermined the further negative attitude towards them from the tsarist bureaucracy. The owners of the provinces were not used to open criticism of their actions by various social forces, and the identification of government repression with their names in the opposition press was perceived as a threat to their own lives. The heads of the provincial state apparatus expressed dissatisfaction with the fact that freedom of speech had ruined their monopoly on the interpretation of state policy and evaluation of social processes. Administrative repression and prosecution prevented the bureaucracy from fully taking control of the independent press, which was the main expression of freedom of speech in this historical period, and in the eyes of local administration leaders, the main troublemaker in provincial society. In relation to freedom of speech, representatives of the provincial administrative elite regret the inability to squeeze this phenomenon of public life into the usual bureaucratic framework. Their administrative mentality, formed by a long career in the autocratic bureaucracy, did not allow them to adequately perceive democratic changes in public life.
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Ponja, Dona, Yusra Dewi Siregar, and Anang Anas Azhar. "Dinamika Penyebaran Agama Islam di Kerajaan Siantar, 1904-1913." Warisan: Journal of History and Cultural Heritage 1, no. 2 (August 27, 2020): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.34007/warisan.v1i2.521.
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This article discusses the dynamics of the spread of Islam in the Siantar Kingdom at the beginning of the 20th century. The interaction of coastal communities with inland areas through trade routes made this area then influenced by Islam. This study uses the historical method in four writing steps, namely; heuristics, verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography, with a historical approach. After King Sang Naualuh Damanik embraced Islam, the development of Islam in this area spread quite massively. The king and the preachers and other court officials became the front guard in preaching Islam in Siantar. In the process of spreading, Islam also faced some serious challenges. First, there are still many Siantar people who embrace the religion of their ancestors (Habonaron Do Bona). Second, the entry of Christian missionaries from the RMG (Rheinische Missions Gesellschaft) organization from Germany, which was tasked with evangelizing the people of Simalungun and the coast of Lake Toba. With his increasingly active activities in preaching Islam, finally, Raja Sang Naualuh Damanik was arrested by the Dutch colonialists in 1905. The following year, he was exiled to Bengkasli, Riau. After the exile of the King, the spread of Islam in the Siantar region practically stopped.
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Vitasari, Arnita, Jumadi Jumadi, Patahuddin Patahuddin, and Syamsu Rijal. "Perkembangan Wisata Alam Bantimurung dalam Perspektif Sejarah dan Budaya." Pusaka: Journal of Tourism, Hospitality, Travel and Business Event 3, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33649/pusaka.v3i1.68.
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This study aims to determine the background of Bantimurung including the Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, the development of Bantimurung as a tourist attraction and the impact of the presence of the Bantimurung Nature Tourism Area in 2000-2018. This research is a historical research with a historical methodology that has stages namely, heuristics (data collection), criticism (verification), interpretation (interpretation) and historiography (history writing). The results of this study indicate that the background of Bantimurung enters the Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, because Bantimurung is a natural area with beautiful scenery that must be protected. Development of the Bantimurung Nature Tourism Area continues to experience development and continue to explore what is in this area including the objects in it. Various efforts have been made by the Department of Tourism both in developing infrastructure and detailed administrative arrangements. The presence of this tourist attraction is as a forum for the community around Maros Regency to support the economy, a place for students to research and become a place of recreation for all people.
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Mursal, Irhas Fansuri, and Gusmira Wita. "Majalah Sabili: Transisi Orde Baru ke Reformasi (1985-2000)." MUKADIMAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sejarah, dan Ilmu-ilmu Sosial 5, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/mkd.v5i1.3503.
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The aimed of this study was to identify the development of Sabili from the New Orde era to Reformation era. This research included in the press history research that used historical research methods with some procedures, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation and historiography. The resulted of this study showed that Sabili was part of the Islamic movement pioneered by young Islamic activists in Indonesia. There were differences between Sabili during the new Orde and Reformation era. First, during the new Order era Sabili was present as an illegal magazine as a form of resistance to the New Orde, while during the reform era Sabili became a legal magazine. Second, during the new Orde era, the Sabili distribution system was carried out clandestinely and aimed at religious proselytizing activist groups, while during the Reformation period the distribution was open to the public. Third, during the New Orde era Sabili did not have an office, the name of the editor was disguised and used KTAI as a publisher, while during the reform era Sabili had a permanent office, the name of the editor used the real name and was managed by PT. Bina Media Sabili. Fourth, during the new Orde era, the Sabilis orientation was Islamic religious proselytizing, while during the reformation era Sabili preaching and business. Fifth, during the new order era, Sabili's content focused on Islamic knowledge and news about the Islamic world, while during the reformation era, Sabili's content did not only contain Islamic knowledge and news of the Islamic world but also actual news about the national and Middle East socio-political conditions.
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Hidayat, Nurul, and Heru Arif Pianto. "Pacitan dalam Pembangunan Masa Bupati Sutjipto Tahun 1998 – 2000: Suatu Tinjauan Historis Peraturan Daerah." Jurnal Siginjai 1, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/js.v1i2.16353.
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This study aims to determine the history of government and bureaucracy after the fall of President Soeharto's government which was arranged during the crisis. The history of the government in question is the government in Pacitan Regency which at that time coincided with the reign of the Sitjipto Regent. At that time, almost all regions throughout the archipelago felt the impact, especially in the field of development. The research uses the historical method by reconstructing the past through a process of critical testing and analysis of the records and relics of the past. Broadly speaking, historical research includes four steps, starting from heuristics (collection of sources), criticism (verification), interpretation (imagination based on facts), and historiography (arranging facts chronologically). During the reign of Regent Sutjipto, in the period 1998-2000 he carried out a five-year development plan which was approved by the previous government through Perda no. 1 1994 concerning Basic Patterns of Pacitan Level II Regional Development 1994/1995 – 1998/1999. With a focus on the development of human and economic resources. Even with the crisis situation, Pacitan was able to adapt and the results werebased on the Susenas survey with several indicators, Pacitan experienced an increase in population and population growth, sex ratio, number of households, and population density.
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Rodiah, Ita. "New Historicism: Kajian Sejarah dalam Karya Imajinatif Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal’un Saddam Hussein." Jurnal Kajian Islam Interdisipliner 4, no. 2 (November 28, 2020): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jkii.v4i2.1102.
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Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kajian kesusastraan dengan menggunakan new historicism mampu mengungkap pelbagai kekuatan budaya, sosial, ekonomi, dan politik yang menyetubuh dan menyelinap dalam setiap sela teks sastra yang merupakan ranah estetik (aesthetic richness). Penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa karya sastra tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan pelbagai konteks zaman dan praksis budaya, sosial, ekonomi, serta politik yang melingkupinya. Penelitian ini tidak sependapat dengan konsep new criticism John Crowe Ransom (The New Criticism, 1941 dan Criticism as Pure Speculation, 1971) dan William K. Wimsatt dan Monroe Beardsley (The Intentional Fallacy, 1946 dan The verbal Icon, 1954) yang mengatakan bahwa karya sastra merupakan autotelic artefact. Sehingga menjadi tidak tepat ketika pemahaman terhadap sastra dikaitkan dengan pengarang, pembaca, maupun konteks di luar karya sastra. Penelitian ini mendukung konsep new historicism Stephen Greenblatt (Practicing New Historicism, 2000) yang menyatakan bahwa dunia imajinatif-estetis tidak pernah terlepas dari relasi kekuasaan dunia realitas yang termanifestasi dalam karya sastra sebagai apresiasi estetis individu dan praksis budaya, sosial, ekonomi, dan politik. Berdasarkan interpretasi kritis new historicism Greenblatt terhadap novel Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal’un diperoleh hasil penelitian berupa pemahaman karya imajinatif yang penuh dengan simbol yang lebih lengkap dan dalam (deeper understanding of value) dengan melibatkan konteks ekstrinsikalitas karya sastra di dalamnya dan novel Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal’un hadir sebagai tanggapan reflektif-imajinatif Saddam Hussein sebagai pengarangnya.[This research proves that literary studies using new historicism can reveal the various cultural, social, economic, and political forces that intercourse and sneak in every literary text: aesthetic richness. This research reveals that literary works cannot be separated from the various contexts of the era and the cultural, social, economic, and political praxis that surround them. This study disagrees with the concept of new criticism John Crowe Ransom (The New Criticism, 1941 and Criticism as Pure Speculation, 1971) and William K. Wimsatt and Monroe Beardsley (The Intentional Fallacy, 1946 and The verbal Icon, 1954) literature is an autotelic artifact. So it is not appropriate when the understanding of literature is associated with authors, readers, and contexts outside of literary works. This research supports Stephen Greenblatt's new historicism concept (Practicing New Historicism, 2000), which states that the imaginative-aesthetic world is never separated from the power relations of the world of reality which are manifested in literature as an individual aesthetic appreciation and cultural, social, economic, and political praxis. Based on the critical interpretation of Greenblatt's new historicism of the Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal'un novel, the research results are in the form of a deeper understanding of imaginative works of symbols (deeper understanding of value) involving the context of the extrinsicality of literary works in it and the novel Ukhruj Minha Ya Mal. 'un appears as the reflective-imaginative response of Saddam Hussein as the author.]
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Safani, Muhammad, Nur'aeni Marta, and Djunaidi Djunaidi. "Eksistensi Musik Death Metal Di Jakarta (1989-2000)." JURNAL PATTINGALLOANG 9, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jp.v9i2.35480.
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Penelitian dengan judul Eksistensi Musik Death Metal Di Jakarta 1989-2000 bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai perkembangan aliran musik death metal di Jakarta. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode historis dengan tahapan heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian ini menginformasikan bahwa eksistensi musik death metal di Jakarta dimulai sejak berdirinya band Grausig pada tahun 1989. Kemudian dari tahun 1991-1998 terbentuk sebanyak 23 band beraliran death metal. Pada awal berdirinya band-band tersebut masih memainkan lagu-lagu milik band death metal mancanegara. Pada tahun 1993 berdiri tempat bersejarah bernama Poster Café yang menjadi venue rutin diselenggarakannya penampilan band-band death metal di Jakarta. Selama periode tersebut juga banyak sekali event-event perguruan tinggi dan sekolah yang menghadirkan band-band beraliran death metal. Kelahiran fanzine di Jakarta ditandai oleh beredarnya fanzine bernama Brainwashed Zine sejak September 1996. Pada tahun 1999 terjadi perubahan arah penulisan lirik lagu-lagu death metal, yang sebelumnya membahas “setan”, menjadi lagu-lagu bertemakan kritik sosial-politik. Perubahan tersebut terjadi akibat pemerintah otoriter Orde Baru. Pada tahun 2000 terbentuk label rekaman Rottrevore Records. Label tersebut melahirkan standard baru bagi eksistensi musik death metal di Jakarta. Standard baru tersebut adalah label rekaman harus menjadi wadah yang profesional bagi band-band death metal yang dinaunginya. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa lirik-lirik lagu death metal di Jakarta tidak hanya bertemakan “setan”, tetapi ada juga lirik-lirik lagu yang bertemakan kritik sosial-politik.Kata kunci : Eksistensi, Musik, Death Metal di Jakarta Abtract The research entitled The Existence of Death Metal Music in Jakarta 1989-2000 aims to find out about the development of death metal music in Jakarta. In this research, the historical method is used with heuristic stages, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of this study inform that the existence of death metal music in Jakarta began with the founding of the band Grausig in 1989. Then from 1991-1998 formed as many as 23 death metal bands. At the beginning of their establishment, these bands still played songs belonging to foreign death metal bands. In 1993, a historic place called Poster Café was established, which is a regular venue for performances by death metal bands in Jakarta. During this period, there were also many college and school events that featured death metal bands. The birth of a fanzine in Jakarta was marked by the circulation of a fanzine called Brainwashed Zine since September 1996. In 1999 there was a change in the direction of writing lyrics for death metal songs, which previously discussed “devil”, into songs with the theme of socio-political criticism. These changes occurred as a result of the authoritarian New Order government. In 2000 the record label Rottrevore Records was formed. The label gave birth to a new standard for the existence of death metal music in Jakarta. The new standard is that record labels must become a professional forum for death metal bands under their umbrella. It can be concluded that the lyrics of death metal songs in Jakarta are not only themed "devil", but there are also song lyrics with the theme of socio-political criticism.Keywords : death metal, poster café, rottrevore records
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Gippius, Aleksey A. "Once Again on the Novgorod Birchbark Letter No. 724." Slovene 4, no. 1 (2015): 111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2015.4.1.6.
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The article contains a critical assessment of two alternative interpretations of the birchbark letter No. 724, proposed by Valentin L. Yanin and Andrei A. Zalizniak (editors of the birchbark collection No. 10, in 2000) and by Pavel V. Petrukhin (2009). According to the former, the document, in which the author describes the difficulties of collecting tribute in the north-eastern periphery of the Novgorod Land, was written between 1161 and 1167, a date based on the identification of the names Zakharia and Andrei mentioned in the text with the Novgorod posadnik Zakharia (1161–1167) and Prince Andrei Bogoliubsky of Suzdal. However, as Petrukhin has shown convincingly, the editors’ treatment of the conflict does not conform to the political circumstances of this period as they are known from the chronicles. According to Petrukhin, the document was written half a century later and reflects a routine conflict between local administrators rather than a political confrontation between Novgorod and Suzdal. I argue that the editors’ interpretation can be modified in light of Petrukhin’s criticism; such a reinterpretation does not presuppose a re-dating of the document and retains the identification of Zakharia and Andrei with historical figures of the 1160s as well as the linguistic analysis proposed by Zalizniak.
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Kuznetsova, Ekaterina V. "Traditions of franciscanism and pilgrimage in the life and work of A. Dobrolyubov." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 2, no. 25 (2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2021-2-25-19-30.
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The fate and personality of Alexander Dobrolyubov gave rise to a kind of Dobrolyubov myth about the eternal wanderer in the culture of the Russian Silver Age and in many ways unfairly obscured his literary work. The article traces the influence of Francis of Assisi on Dobrolyubov's own life-creating strategy and his contemporaries' perception of him as a «Russian Francis. The author considers the peculiarities of artistic interpretation of the whole complex of motifs associated with the fate and personality of the Italian saint in the last collection of Dobrolyubov's works, From the Book Invisible (1905). The author analyzes the image of the pilgrim, glorification (preaching) of the poor, hermit’s life and the unity of man and wildlife, plants and the elements of nature in the context of teachings of St. Francis and the Russian franciscanism of the modernist era; the features of their modernist reception are traced in Dobrolyubov’s works written after his «departure». On the other hand, the author reveals evidence that the poet implements the individual author's interpretation of the characteristic Russian cultural and historical phenomenon of pilgrimage (real, metaphysical and spiritual), which was reflected, for example, in N. S. Leskov’s works, and philosophically interpreted in science and criticism of the early 20th century (V. Rozanov, N. Berdyaev, etc.). The author suggests that the poet was influenced by an anonymous work of Russian religious literature «A Pilgrim's Confessional Stories to his Spiritual Father». As a result, the author concludes that the poet creates a modern variation of the Franciscan image of the «simple man» and the divine man, possessing the gift of communication with nature, who combines the features of an Italian ascetic preacher with the type of a Russian pilgrim-god-seeker.
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Rahmayani, Any. "INDUSTRI KERAMIK TRADISIONAL CINA DI SAKKOK, SINGKAWANG 1933-2000." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 5, no. 2 (June 2, 2013): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v5i2.133.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini menyajikan tentang dinamika industri keramik tradisional Cina di Sakkok, sebuah wilayah di Kota Singkawang, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat sepanjang abad ke-20. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah keberadaan industri keramik tradisional Cina di Sakkok yang sedang digarap sebagai aset ekonomi dan pariwisata bagi Singkawang. Permasalahan pokok yang dibahas adalah dinamika industri keramik tradisional Cina di Sakkok, Singkawang dalam perspektif sejarah. Tujuan dari kajian ini yaitu menggambarkan tentang tradisi pembuatan keramik tradisional Cina di Sakkok, menguraikan perintisan industri keramik tradisional Cina pada awal abad ke-20 dan menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi industri ini. Metode yang digunakan metode heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ciri tradisional keramik Cina yang terlihat pada bahan bakunya, peralatan proses proses pembentukan, penglasiran,dan pembakaran, motif dan desain, serta alat pembakaran yang disebut tungku naga. Perubahan yang terkait dengan ketersediaan bahan baku, bahan penunjang dan teknik pembakaran serta kondisi sosial politik membawa dampak bagi keberlangsungan industri keramik tradisional Cina dari Singkawang ini.AbstractThis study presents the dynamics of traditional Chinese ceramics industry in Sakkok, Singkawang, in the Province of West Kalimantan during the 20th century. The background of this research is the existence of traditional Chinese ceramics industry in Sakkok which is being worked on as an economic and tourism asset for Singkawang. The main problem for this study is the historical perspective of the dynamics of traditional Chinese ceramics industry in Sakkok. The purpose of this study is describing the tradition of producing traditionalChinese ceramics in Sakkok, outlining pioneering in the industry in the early 20th century, and explaining the factors affecting it. The author used heuristic, criticism, interpretation and historiography. The results showed that the characteristics of traditional Chinese ceramics are depicted in the raw materials, equipment, processes of formation, glazing, and burning, motifs and designs, as well as burning tool called dragon furnace. Changes related to the availability of raw and auxiliary materials, burning techniques as well as the social and political conditions have impact on the sustainability of traditional Chinese ceramic industry in Singkawang.
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Omran Zailuddin, Firdaus Naif, Muhammad Abdullah, Hawari Berahim, and Azharudin Mappon. "Interpretation of 9 Selected Visual Works of Contemporary Young Talent from the Context of the National Cultural Policy Core." Idealogy Journal 3, no. 2 (September 7, 2018): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/idealogy.v3i2.64.
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Contemporary Young Talent (CYT) is a visual arts competition organized by the National Visual Arts Gallery (NVAG) which is the most prestigious in Malaysia. Its 40 years of organization have successfully produced many renowned artists who are now pioneers in the Malaysian and regional visual arts arena. In line with the strength of CYT as a reflection of the future of Malaysian visual arts and the role of art as a cultural vehicle, the objective of the study is to analyze and further dismantle the latest visual art works of Malaysian artists from the perspective of national culture through the CYT platform from 2000 to 2013. This study aims to clearly understand the visual elements and features that are the cultural identity in the latest Malaysian visual arts. This objective was achieved through observation and reading of CYT catalog books published by NVAG, scholarly books, journals, and relevant previous studies as well as interviews on three artists and academics who won the CYT competition. This study uses a qualitative approach, guided by the 4 components of the theory of art criticism Feldman E.B. (1994) namely description, analysis, interpretation and evaluation. 9 works will be analyzed from the aspects of ‘form’ and ‘meaning’. The results of the work analysis will be compared with national cultural elements (data triangulation) and then justify and classify CYT visual art works based on the 3 cores of the National Cultural Policy, namely, the culture of the region's indigenous peoples, other appropriate cultures and Islamic culture through descriptive text.). This study is important to create awareness, deeper appreciation and provide knowledge to art admirers in understanding the meaning and approach and content in the latest visual artwork. The results of the study through descriptive texts explain the existence of national cultural elements and their relationship in selected contemporary works of CYT (2000-2013).
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Robustova, E. V. "FOLK-HISTORY AS A PROBLEM OF INTERPRETATION AND CRITICISM OF SOURCES: LESSONS OF HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE POST-SOVIET PERIOD (1990’S - BEGINNING OF 2000’S)." Historical and social-educational ideas 9, no. 2/2 (January 1, 2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2017-9-2/2-93-100.
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Nilsson, Ola. "Legislative pressure and credit rating agency behavior." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 11, no. 2 (2021): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv11i2p5.
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This study investigates whether legislative pressure influences credit rating agency (CRA) behavior. It covers a time period in which the European Union moves from exerting minimal to intense legislative pressure on CRAs, providing an almost ideal context for analyzing if and how CRAs are affected by this pressure. Two possible outcomes are discussed: 1) more timeliness in the flow of information and 2) more stickiness in the flow of information. The analysis is based on an examination of market reactions following CRA announcements between 2000 and 2019. The results show that the market reactions after CRA announcements decrease when legislative pressure increases. The interpretation is that as legislative pressure increases, the flow of information from CRAs becomes stickier. This confirms that legislative initiatives that put pressure on CRAs have an effect, evidence that legislators’ intention to change behavior by threatening or initiating new regulations works, which confirms assumptions underlying the theory of legislative threats (Halfteck, 2008). A reasonable interpretation of legislators’ push for changes in this context is that they want to see a faster flow of information. The results, however, show the opposite. A plausible explanation for this is increased caution on the part of CRAs because if in retrospect, the information in an announcement turns out to be wrong or misleading, the ensuing criticism could lead to additional pressure.
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Muchlis, Musdalifah, and Jumadi Jumadi. "Sekolah Rakyat di Enrekang, 1950-1959." Jurnal Pattingalloang 6, no. 2 (August 17, 2019): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pattingalloang.v6i2.12144.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi pendidikan di Enrekang sebelum tahun 1950, sistem pendidikan sekolah rakyat dan perkembangan sekolah rakyat di Enrekang tahun 1950-1959. Sistem dan perkembangan sekolah rakyat dalam penelitian ini berfokus pada kebijakan pemerintah, partisipasi masyarakat, guru sekolah rakyat, minat murid, kondisi dan peralatan sekolah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode sejarah melalui tahapan: heuristik (pengumpulan sumber), kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekolah rakyat sudah ada pada masa pemerintahan Belanda tahun 1905 sedangkan di Enrekang tahun 1926 namun nama Volkschool. Nama sekolah Rakyat dipakai setelah Indonesia merdeka. Kondisi Sekolah rakyat di Enrekang sebelum tahun 1950 masih dalam keadaan terbelakang namun setelah lima tahun merdeka keadaan sudah semakin membaik. Sistem pendidikan sekolah rakyat setelah kemerdekaan terutama dalam kurikulum yang awalnya hanya belajar membaca, menulis dan berhitung kini semakin bertambah.seperti contohnya belajar sejarah. Sekolah rakyat di Enrekang mengalami perkembangan di lihat dari semakin banyaknya sekolah yang berubah dari SR 3 atau 4 menjadi 6 tahun karena jumlah siswa bertambah. Perkembangan tersebut karena adanya peran aktif masyarakat dan pemerintah yang turut andil dalam kemajuan pendidikan.Kata Kunci: Sekolah rakyat dan Enrekang.AbstractThis study aims to determine the condition of education in Enrekang before 1950, the education system of public schools and the development of community schools in Enrekang in 1950-1959. The system and development of community schools in this study focused on government policy, community participation, community school teachers, student interests, school conditions and equipment. This type of research is a qualitative study, using the historical method through stages: heuristics (source collection), source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that the people's school had existed during the Dutch administration in 1905 while in Enrekang in 1926 the name was Volkschool. The name People's school was used after Indonesian independence. The condition of people's schools in Enrekang before 1950 was still underdeveloped, but after five years of independence the situation had improved. The education system of the people's schools after independence, especially in the curriculum which initially only learned to read, write and count is now increasing. For example studying history. Public schools in Enrekang are experiencing growth in view of the increasing number of schools that change from SR 3 or 4 to 6 years as the number of students increases. This development was due to the active role of the community and the government that contributed to the progress of education.Keywords: Community school and Enrekang
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Nikoriak, Natalia, and Alla Sazhyna. "The genre of ballad in cinematic discourse (the cinema ballad “Wild flowers“ (2000) by the Czech director F. A. Brabec)." Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine, no. 3 (31) (March 7, 2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.3.2021.297.
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The objective of the article is to analyze the specifics of cinematic interpretation of the ballads from the collection “A Bouquet of Czech Folk Legends” (1853), written by a famous Czech writer and folklorist K.J. Erben, in the film by F.A. Brabec “Wild Flowers” (2000) within the concept of genre continuity. Methods of research: comparative method, method of intermedial and receptive analysis. Novelty of research: the issue of intermedially oriented genre continuity is investigated for the first time within the discourse of Ukrainian Literary Criticism. Conclusions. The cinematic text of the director F. Brabec fully preserves and conveys all the basic codes of the genre of literary ballad: the preciseness of the narrative, the depth of disclosure of life, the severity of the situations described, the limited personosphere, the dramatic and unexpected denouement. Therefore, the above texts are perceived as short “concentrated tragedies”. In addition, the director broadens the main text of the ballads, supplementing each plot with a backstory; he actively applies montage and film trails, as well as reduces time parameters, fragments and dialogues, at the same time preserving the main content of the original. Particular emphasis in the research has been laid on the fact that each ballad, reproduced by means of cinematic language (“Bouquet”, “The Water-Goblin”, “The Wedding Shirts”, “Lady Midday”, “The Golden Spinning Wheel”, “Daughter’s Curse”, “Christmas Eve”), is presented as a completed independent text and is regarded as an indispensable part of the holistic author’s concept.
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VITUCCI, MARIA CHIARA. "Has Pandora's Box Been Closed? The Decisions on the Legality of Use of Force Cases in Relation to the Status of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) within the United Nations." Leiden Journal of International Law 19, no. 1 (March 2006): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156505003201.
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In its judgments on the preliminary objections in the Legality of Use of Force cases, the Court held that the FRY was not a UN member in the period between 1992 and 2000. This finding is controversial, at odds with previous decisions of the Court, and has indeed attracted criticism from various judges. This article proposes a different construction of the question of the FRY's membership within the UN and reviews arguments that allow doubts to be cast on the reasoning of the Court. Because of the link between UN membership and the FRY's participation in the Genocide Convention, the Court's finding in the Legality of Use of Force cases may have some implications for two sets of proceedings still pending before the Court (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro and Croatia v. Serbia and Montenegro). In the former case, an interpretation of the extent of the res judicata principle may allow the Court not to reopen the issue of jurisdiction, already decided in 1996 on the basis of Article IX of the Genocide Convention. In the latter case, various options might allow the FRY to be regarded as a party to the Genocide Convention.
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Mujiburrahman, Mujiburrahman. "Roles of the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) in Aceh’s Reconciliation to Strengthen Indonesia’s National Integration After Tsunami in 2005." Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration 2, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v2i2.4218.
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Crisis Management Initiative (CMI) is a National Government Organization that focuses on advocacy for sustainable security and conflict resolution. This organization was founded in 2000 by Martti Ahtisaari. Ge was the former president of Finland in 1994-2000. CMI was asked to facilitate negotiation between the Indonesian government and GAM (Free Aceh Movement), through personal contact between Farid Husain and Juha Christensen. Aceh conflict was a disintegration-oriented-conflict, so it was potential to threaten Indonesia’s sovereignty.This research used the historical method with heuristic, criticism or verification, interpretation, and historiography stages. The primary sources of data on this research were information in the media, both printed and electronic. Besides, this research also examined or reviewed the literary references that were related and relevant to the research topic. The study was to reveal how the background of CMI's involvement in Aceh peace in 2005, and how the strategic roles of CMI in resolving conflicts until the realization of Aceh peace in 2005 for Aceh remained a part of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI).The role of CMI as a reputable international institution and getting the trust of both parties, was capable of providing intervention to the conflicting parties so that its role became very strategic in mediating the conflict. The success of CMI was seen from the negotiation held in Helsinki Finland, resulting in the execution of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on August 15, 2005, as a peace agreement. After the signing of the Helsinki MoU, armed conflict stopped, and the social lives were back to normal, and the development process could resume usually.
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Deppendra, Muhammad, Alian Alian, and Syarifuddin Syarifuddin. "THE KEDUREI AGUNG TRADITIONAL CEREMONY AS THE CULTURAL IDENTITY OF THE CURUP CITY SOCIETY IN 2000-2018." Sosiohumaniora 24, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v24i2.35460.
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This study discusses the Kedurei Agung Traditional Ceremony as the cultural identity of the Curup community in 200-2018. This study aims to strengthen the identity of the Kedurei Agung Traditional Ceremony as the culture of the Curup City community in 2000-2018. Cultural identity is a basic awareness of the special characteristics of a person’s group in terms of living habits, customs, language, and values, meanwhile the Kedurei Agung Traditional Ceremony is one of the traditional ceremonies that has been carried out for a long time by the people of Curup City as respect for ancestors who have passed down the culture and built Curup City. The Kedurei Agung Traditional Ceremony is carried out with the condition that the Corner Prayer is carried out one day before the Kedurei Agung Traditional Ceremony is held. In its implementation, the people of Curup City also offer various harvests that are harvested during the harvest season, the harvests will be distributed and eaten together which indicates the prosperity and welfare of Curup City. The research process was carried out using the historical method with four stages, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, historiography. Data was collected by using literature study, observation, and interview methods. A literature study was conducted on several literatures related to the research topic, observations were made in Curup City, and interviews were conducted with the Curup City Government and the Rejang Lebong District Customary Council. The results show that the Kedurei Agung Traditional Ceremony is a strong cultural identity for the people of Curup City. This is because the Kedurei Agung Traditional Ceremony is an annual event that is routinely carried out by the people of Curup City as a sign of respect for the ancestors and a symbol of the prosperity of Curup City. Along with this, the Kedurei Agung Traditional Ceremony has also developed from 2000 to 2018, this shows that the cultural identity of the Kedurei Agung Traditional Ceremony is getting stronger with conservation efforts from various parties, namely the government, society, and cultural activists.
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Amitasari, Noor, Melisa Prawitasari, and Helmi Akmal. "Potret Kehidupan Masyarakat Transmigran Bali di Desa Sumber Makmur Kecamatan Satui Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu." Prabayaksa: Journal of History Education 1, no. 1 (March 2, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/prb.v1i1.3086.
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The background of this research describes the process of arrival of Balinese transmigrants in Sumber Makmur Village, Satui District, Tanah Bumbu Regency along with their social and religious life. The research was made with the aim of knowing how the life of the Balinese transmigrant community in Sumber Makmur Village. The method used in this research is the historical method, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Primary sources are obtained directly from sources about the object under study. Data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. Secondary sources are obtained from literature studies, in the form of useful notes with the object of research. The results of field research, it shows that since the Balinese came to Sumber Makmur Village in 1983, the development of Balinese society at that time was still in the construction stage starting from establishing settlements, to buildings of worship (temples). In 2000, the buildings owned by residents were better. Their life is relatively harmonious, although there are slight adjustments because it is not completely the same as on the island of Bali which is thick with Hindu culture. However, this did not change their previous culture and beliefs. The results of this study indicate that the life of the Balinese transmigrants in Sumber Makmur Village is running well and there is no conflict, so that their lives as migrants remain harmonious.
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Hollanda, Bernardo Borges Buarque de. "Spectator Violence in Stadiums." FuLiA/UFMG 6, no. 2 (April 14, 2022): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35699/2526-4494.2021.20274.
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The study revisits the work of the Leicester School, highlighting the prominent figure of Eric Dunning, disciple of Norbert Elias and systematizer of the ideas of the German sociologist in England, leader in the process of constituting a sociology of modern sports in that country. In the poorly drawn lines that the freedom of the essayistic genre entails, we suggest that Dunning's position as Elias' apprentice soon becomes even and turns into a fruitful partnership. More: as a partner, he rises to the status of master himself, able to train new scholars and organize a series of collections together with his disciples. The broad theme provided by the focus of sports studies is restricted here to a specific agenda for analysis, namely the so-called phenomenon of hooliganism, to which Eric Dunning and his team devoted much of the analytical efforts of interpretation, reviewing assumptions of the first authors dedicated to the theme and carrying out a range of institutional collective research. These, in turn, led to the creation of theoretical and empirical references throughout the 1970s to 2000, with international repercussions among researchers focused on understanding not only British hooligans, but European ultras, Latin American barras, and Brazilian torcidas organizadas. If Dunning's theory and empiricism are not immune to criticism – as in the limit no scientific paradigm is –, in this text, the sociological, anthropological and historiographic contributions made by this admirable English intellectual are reiterated.
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Mlikota, Jadranka, and Rene Čipanj Banja. "O Bojničićevoj Gramatici madžarskoga jezika iz drugoga kuta: uzroci i narav mijena izdanja gramatike na razmeđu dvaju stoljeća." Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 66, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/060.2022.00018.
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U sjeni Bojničićeva rada, obilježenoga iznimnim prinosom hrvatskoj kulturnoj povijesti i pomoćnim povijesnim znanostima, ostala je Gramatika madžarskoga jezika (1888., 1896., 1905., 1912.) koja je na razmeđu dvaju stoljeća, u vrijeme smjene filoloških škola (zagrebačke školom hrvatskih vukovaca), doživjela nekoliko izmijenjenih izdanja. Gramatiku je – točnije njezino prvo izdanje – kao udžbenik odobrio Odjel za bogoštovlje i nastavu Kr. ugarskoga ministarstva, potom ju nagradio 1889., a naposljetku je ipak negativno ocijenjena, i to u službenom glasilu istoga Odjela koji ju je i nagradio, u Nastavnom vjesniku, a gotovo jednako ocijenit će ju i neki mađarski izvori početkom 20. stoljeća.Pritom je riječ o kritikama koje su se mahom odnosile na (hrvatski) metajezik gramatike, donošenje netočnih pravila te na njezino, po sudu određenih kritičara, nesustavno oblikovanje, a samom se Bojničiću zamjerala nedostatna filološka naobrazba. Upravo ju stoga ti kritičari između ostaloga opisuju kao priručnik neprikladan za nastavnu uporabu. Od navedenih četiriju izdanja gramatike – iako konzultirani hrvatski i mađarski izvori ustvari ne donose nedvosmislen podatak o tome koliko je točno izdanja gramatika doživjela – spomenutoj je filološkoj ocjeni također podlegnulo samo prvo, a autor je poneke ispravke uklopio u kasnija izdanja svoga gramatičkoga priručnika.U ovom se radu uspoređuju četiri izdanja Bojničićeve gramatike, utvrđuju se jezične, nazivoslovne i leksičke mijene njezina polaznoga (hrvatskog) jezika te se propituje u kojoj su mjeri potaknute objavljenim kritikama te koliki je odraz smjene filoloških škola vidljiv u pojedinim izdanjima. U sklopu tumačenja mijena što ih izdanja gramatike sadrže, posebice se ističu jezične osobitosti svojstvene normi zagrebačke filološke škole, čime se pak nastoji potkrijepiti činjenica kako je riječ o obilježjima koja su prisutna u svim četirima izdanjima gramatike neovisno o vremenu njihova izdavanja te jezično-političkim okolnostima i utjecajima pod kojima su nastala.U konačnici se nastoji potvrditi (ne)opravdanost negativne recepcije koju je gramatika imala u dijelu filološke javnosti svojega vremena. Drugim riječima nastoji se dati odgovor na pitanje valja li Bojničiću pridružiti epitet autora čiji rad – pa tako ni njegova gramatika – u odgovarajućoj mjeri nije stručno potkovan ili mu pak, bez obzira na njegovu naobrazbu i upućene kritike, valja odati priznanje zbog neospornih prinosa što ih je dao u području hrvatsko-mađarske gramatikografije.In the shadow of Bojničić’s work marked by exceptional contributions to Croatian cultural history and auxiliary historical sciences remained the Hungarian Grammar (1888, 1896, 1905, 1912), which at the turn of the century, at the time of change of philological schools (Zagreb philological school was supplanted by the school of Croatian Vukovians), saw several modified editions. This grammar book (to be exact, its first edition) was approved as a textbook by the Royal Hungarian Ministry of Worship and Education and awarded by the same institution in 1889. Eventually, the grammar was nevertheless negatively reviewed in Nastavni vjesnik, the official gazette of the same Ministry, which had previously awarded the grammar, and was almost equally evaluated by some Hungarian sources at the beginning of the 20th century.The criticism mostly concerns the grammar’s metalanguage (Croatian), deriving incorrect rules, and its unsystematic format (according to certain critics), and Bojničić himself was criticized for his deficient philological education. This is exactly the reason why those critics, amongst other things, describe it as a handbook inadequate for school use. Of the four above-mentioned editions of the grammar – although the consulted Croatian and Hungarian sources do not explicitly state exactly how many editions the grammar had – only the first edition received the above-mentioned philological evaluation, and the author made some corrections in the later editions of his grammar book.This paper compares the four editions of Bojničić’s grammar, identifies linguistic, terminological, and lexical changes in its source language (Croatian), and examines the extent to which they had been motivated by the published criticism and the extent to which the change of philological schools is reflected in individual editions. Within the interpretation of the changes made in the different editions, linguistic features characteristic of the norm of the Zagreb philological school are highlighted, in an attempt to corroborate the fact that these features are present in all four editions of the grammar irrespective of the time of their publication as well as the linguistic-political circumstances and influences under which they came into existence.Ultimately, the present paper seeks to confirm the (un)justification of the negative reception the grammar had in a part of the philological public of its time. In other words, we seek to answer the question of whether Bojničić is to be given the epithet of an author whose work – including his grammar – is to a certain extent not professionally grounded, or, regardless of his education and the criticism toward his work, he has to be given credit for his indisputable contribution to the field of Croatian–Hungarian grammaticography.
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Saputra, Bambang Eka, Abdul Hafiz, Abdul Rasyad, Lalu Murdi, Muhammad Shulhan Hadi, and Muchamad Triyanto. "Peran Polisi Pamong Praja dalam Menangani Ketentraman dan Ketertiban Masyarakat di Kabupaten Lombok Timur Tahun 2000-2020." Criksetra: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 11, no. 1 (February 26, 2022): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jc.v11i1.14897.
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Abstrak: Eksistensi Polisi Pamong Praja (Pol-PP) dalam lintasan sejarah bangsa Indonesia telah menjadi bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari penyelenggaraan pemerintahan, baik sejak masa kolonial Belanda sampai Indonesia merdeka. Peran Pol-PP mewujudkan ketentraman dan ketentraman di Lombok Timur menjadi bagian dari agenda rutin pemerintah daerah. Atas dasar pemikiran tersebut kajian tentang sejarah dan peranan Pol-PP dalam menjaga ketentraman dan ketertiban masyarakat di Lombok Timur menjadi penting dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejarah berdirinya Pol-PP di Indonesia dan Lombok Timur, dan mengetahui peran Pol-PP dalam menjaga dan mengatasi ketentraman dan ketertiban umum di Lombok Timur. Metode penelitian sejarah digunakan untuk mengungkap tentang eksistensi dan peran Pol-PP dalam menjaga keamana, dan ketetiban dalam roda pemerintahan di Lombok Timur. Tahapan metode sejarah dilakukan melalui heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pol-PP di Lombok Timur telah memberikan sumbangan yang berarti terhadap keberhasilan pemerintah daerah Lombok Timur dalam menjaga ketentraman dan ketertiban masyarakat khususnya. Hal ini terwujud dari periode tahun 2000-20020 dimana peran dan fungsi Pol-PP berjalan dengan baik.Kata Kunci: Peran, Polisi Pamong Praja, Ketertiban, Keamanan.Abstract: The existence of the Civil Service Police (Pol-PP) in the historical trajectory of the Indonesian nation has become an inseparable part of the administration of government, both from the Dutch colonial period until Indonesia's independence. The role of Pol-PP in realizing peace and tranquility in East Lombok is part of the routine agenda of the local government. On the basis of this thought, a study of the history and role of Pol-PP in maintaining peace and order in East Lombok is important. This study aims to determine the history of the establishment of Pol-PP in Indonesia and East Lombok. Knowing the role of Pol-PP in maintaining and overcoming public peace and order in East Lombok. The historical research method is used to reveal the existence and role of Pol-PP in maintaining security and order in the wheels of government in East Lombok. The stages of the historical method are carried out through heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the study indicate that the Pol-PP in East Lombok has made a significant contribution to the success of the East Lombok regional government in maintaining peace and order in the community in particular. This was realized from the period 2000-20020 where the role and function of Pol-PP went well.Keywords: Role, Civil Service Police, Order, Security.
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Hagedoorn, Berber. "De poëtica van het verbeelden van geschiedenis op broadcast televisie." TMG Journal for Media History 20, no. 1 (June 26, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-7653.2017.282.
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In modern society, television is one of the most important media for presenting the past. This article focuses on the poetics of history on television broadcasts in relation to the manner in which these broadcasts present our past as well as our collective memory. This study rebuts criticism of television as a medium for historical accounts by demonstrating how professionals in the field actively display an extensive knowledge and understanding of the past, provide frameworks for the contextualization of audiovisual materials and depth, and apply and operate specific functions of different representation tools in their productions. To gain insight into the way television producers interact with history, this study combines qualitative textual analysis of the broadcasts and an approach from the field of production studies: diverse in-depth interviews and analysis of internal documents. The case study chosen for this research was Andere Tijden, a history program based on archive material and produced by NTR (formerly known as NPS) and VPRO for the Dutch Broadcast Foundation, from 2000 onwards. The case study demonstrates how television producers’ mediation of history is an important practice in the search for history and memories and the conservation and presentation thereof. The analysis reveals the possibility of more cohesive poetics with regard to history on broadcast television and offers insight into the objectives, strategies and conventions of television producers. Special attention is paid to the more implicit practices of selection and interpretation of material by television producers as curators of the past. These implicit practices are made explicit on a cultural-historical, institutional and textual level.
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White, Nick. "Gitta Sereny and Albert Speer's ‘Battle with Truth’ on the London Stage." New Theatre Quarterly 17, no. 2 (May 2001): 170–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x00014573.
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Prompted by the investigative journalist Gitta Sereny's biography Albert Speer: His Battle with Truth, two recent productions, Esther Vilar's Speer and David Edgar's Albert Speer, have set out to explore the reputation of Hitler's architect and later Minister of Armaments and War Production, Albert Speer, the only leading Nazi to acknowledge his guilt at the Nuremberg Trials. The plays, like the biography, are concerned with the extent of Speer's knowledge of the ‘Final Solution’ during his career in the Nazi hierarchy, and consequently with the integrity of the stance he adopted at Nuremberg and thereafter – that is, of his claim of guilt by association and omission rather than by active participation. In her biography, Sereny claims that as a result of her association with Speer he eventually acknowledged his guilt to her, and was repentant. But Nick White believes that the evidence – much of it unearthed by Sereny herself – suggests otherwise, and that Sereny had failed to acknowledge that between 1978 and his death in 1981 Speer consistently deceived her about crucial aspects of this evidence. How successful are Vilar and Edgar in their quite different dramatic sifting, not only of the public persona of Speer, but also of the interpretation granted their subject by the biographer upon whom their plays, to a lesser and greater degree, depend? Nick White has taught at City University, London, and his PhD dissertation, ‘In the Absence of Memory? Jewish Fate and Dramatic Representation: the Production and Critical Reception of Holocaust Drama on the London Stage, 1945–1989’ (1998) has been followed by a companion volume of criticism, articles, and letters, The Critical Reception of Holocaust Drama on the British Stage, 1939–2000.
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Thresnawaty S., Euis. "SEJARAH SOSIAL-BUDAYA MASYARAKAT CINA BENTENG DI KOTA TANGERANG." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v7i1.83.
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AbstrakTangerang terletak di bagian barat Pulau Jawa, yang merupakan tetangga ibu kota Jakarta. Tangerang, yang semula berada di wilayah Jawa Barat sejak tahun 2000 berada dalam wilayah Provinsi Banten, memiliki banyak keunikan pada masyarakatnya, salah satunya adalah adanya pembauran antaretnis yang berjalan harmonis antara etnis Sunda, Jawa, Melayu, dan Cina. Banyak komunitas etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia, tetapi komunitas etnis Tionghoa yang ada di Kota Tangerang memiliki keistimewaan tersendiri. Mereka yang dikenal dengan sebutan Cina Benteng telah mampu berbaur dengan pribumi secara alami. Etnis Tionghoa yang tinggal di Kota Tangerang hampir seperempat dari keseluruhan jumlah penduduk Kota Tangerang. Oleh sebab itu kebudayaan Tionghoa banyak mewarnai kebudayaan setempat. Mereka memiliki budaya khas tersendiri yang berbeda dengan warga Tionghoa umumnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi sosial budaya masyarakat Cina Benteng pada masa kolonial hingga kemerdekaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui ternyata ada beberapa perubahan sosial pada masyarakat Cina Benteng, misalnya ketika masa kolonial mereka dapat dikatakan hidup berkecukupan karena mereka dianggap partner dalam berdagang sementara saat ini kehidupan mereka cenderung sangat sederhana. AbstractTangerang is located in the western part of Java Island, which is a neighbor of the capital city of Jakarta. Tangerang, which was originally located in West Java, and since the year of 2000 are in the province of Banten. Tangerang have so many unique in their society, one of is the existence of ethnic intermingling that runs harmony between the ethnic of Sundanese, Javanese, Malay, and Chinese. Many Chinese community in Indonesia, but the Chinese community in the city of Tangerang has its own privileges. They are known as Cina Benteng(Chinese Fortress) has been able to blend in with the natives naturally. Chinese people who live in the city of Tangerang nearly a quarter of the total population of the city of Tangerang Therefore, the Chinese culture has affected much local culture. They have a distinctive culture that is different from the Chinese people in general. This study was conducted to determine how the social and cultural conditions of China Fortress in the colonial period to independence. The method used is the historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. From these results it can be seen apparently there are some social changes in Chinese society Fortress, for example when the colonial period they can be said to live well because they are considered partners in the trade while currently they tend to be very simple life.
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Akbar, Akbar, Najamuddin Najamuddin, and Bustan Bustan. "Ilegal Fishing: Penggunaan Alat Tangkap Ikan di Kepulauan Kabupaten Pangkep 1975-2015." Jurnal Pattingalloang 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pattingalloang.v7i1.13283.
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Karya ini menjelaskan tentang penangkapan ikan secara ilegal di Kepulauan Kabupaten Pangkep pada masa pemerintahan Presiden ke-2 sampai tahun 2015. Alat tangkap tersebut mulai ada sejak tahun 1975 seperti Dodoro’ (Bom ikan), dan Racun potassium yang digunakan oleh sebagian nelayan yang ada di Kepuluan Kabupaten Pangkep. Masuknya orang Jawa ke perairan Selam Makassar Pada tahun 1989 memperkenalkan alat tangkap baru kepada nelayan dan melakukan aktivitas penangkapan ikan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap Catrang atau yang biasa disebut Trawl (Trol). Dari sinilah awal nelayan mengenal yang namanya Cantrang/trawl. Sebagai akibatnya, sebagian nelayan di Kecamatan Liukang Tupabiring khusunya Pulau Podang-podang Lompo terdorong melakukan praktek penangkapan ikan secara ilegal karena permintaan pasar semakin meningkat serta, cara prakteknya pun mudah dilakukan dan bisa mendapatkan hasil yang sangat memuaskan. Semasa penggunaan alat illegal (Bom ikan, Potasium, dan Trawl) terus beroperasi sampai mengalami perkembangan dari tahun 2000-2015 dan berdampak pada rusaknya terumbu karang dan memiliki potensi besar mengancam kepunahan ikan dan biota laut lainnya selain itu membahayakan nyawa orang lain..Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan penelitian historis (Historical Research), yang terdiri atas beberapa tahapan yakni: (1) Heuristik, dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap para nelayan Kecamatan Liukang Tupabiring seperti Dg. Mudo, Dg. Ilyas, Dg. Harrang, Haerul, dll. Mengumpulkan sumber di Perpustakaan Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan Universitas Hasanuddin Makassar, Perpustakaan Wilayah Provinsi Sulawesi-selatan, data-data Kecamatan Liukang Tupabiring, sera artikel-artikel yang ada dikoran Fajar. (2) Kritik atau proses verifikasi keaslian sumber sejarah. (3) Interpretasi atau penafsiran sumber sejarah, dan (4) Historiografi, yakni tahap penulisan sejarah. Kata Kunci: Illegal fishing, alat tangkap, Kecamatan Liukang Tupabiring. AbstractThis work describes illegal fishing in the Pangkep Regency Islands during the 2nd President's administration until 2015. The fishing gear began to exist since 1975 such as Dodoro (Fish Bomb), and Potassium Poisons used by some fishermen in Head of Pangkep Regency. The entry of Javanese into the waters of Makassar Submarine In 1989 introduced new fishing gear to fishermen and carried out fishing activities using Catrang fishing gear or commonly called Trawl. From here the fishermen knew the name Cantrang / trawl. As a result, some fishermen in the Liukang District of Tupabiring, especially Podang-podang Island, Lompo, are encouraged to practice illegal fishing because market demand is increasing and the practice is easy and can get very satisfying results. During the use of illegal tools (Fish bombs, Potassium and Trawlers) continued to operate until they developed from 2000-2015 and had an impact on the destruction of coral reefs and had great potential to threaten the extinction of fish and other marine biota in addition to endangering the lives of others ... This study is a qualitative research with historical research approach (Historical Research), which consists of several stages, namely: (1) Heuristics, by conducting interviews with fishermen in the Liukang Tupabiring District such as Dg. Mudo, Dg. Ilyas, Dg. Harrang, Haerul, etc. Gathering resources in the Library of the Faculty of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs, University of Hasanuddin Makassar, Regional Library of South Sulawesi Province, data from the Liukang Tupabiring District, as well as articles in the newspaper Fajar. (2) Criticism or the process of verifying the authenticity of historical sources. (3) Interpretation or interpretation of historical sources, and (4) Historiography, namely the stage of historical writing. Keywords: Illegal fishing, fishing gear, Liukang Tupabiring District.
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BUDNYI, Vasyl. "BOHDAN LEPKY`S LITERARY CRITICISM IN “SLOVANSKÝ PŘEHLED” JOURNALLITERARY CRITICISM IN “SLOVANSKÝ PŘEHLED” JOURNAL." Problems of slavonic studies, no. 68 (2019): 162–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2019.68.3077.
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Abstract Background: A famous literary critic and writer, representative of the “Moloda Muza” group, B. Lepky was published in numerous Ukrainian and foreign journals in the early twentieth century. Today, his cooperation with Polish and German editions has been partially explored, but the Czech direction remains almost unclear. There are only individual references to B. Lepky's cultural publications in the “Slovanský přehled” journal in the works of V. Doroshenko, V. Lev, B. Rubchak. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the interpretative bases of B. Lepky's publications in “Slovanský přehled”, namely, five annual reviews of Ukrainian literature (1901, 1902, 1903, 1905, 1906) and three cultural pieces of knowledge: about the composer M. Lysenko, about the translation of short stories by M. Kotsiubynsky into Polish, and the scientific works of M. Hrushevsky, B. Barvinsky and V. Shchurat. Results: B. Lepky followed I. Franko in editing “Slovanský přehled” journal. I. Franko prepared the ground for the Czechs to familiarize them with Ukrainian literature. In a series of annual reviews, B. Lepky considered Ukrainian literature in the pan-European context, translating the realities of national culture into the language of universal cultural concepts. Not contradicting realism and modernism, the critic appraised the high artistic value of the works by Lesya Ukrainka, V. Stefanyk, M. Kotsyubynsky, O. Kobylyanska, which were marked by modern stylistic trends. Trying to convey the original content to the foreign reader, B. Lepky approached his critical speech to the poetic one, painting it with impressionistic strokes and symbolic imagery. The author concluded that the importance of B. Lepky’s Czech publications was important for understanding the ways in which Ukrainian writing was modernized and contextualized in Slavic and pan-European culture in the early twentieth century. Key words: Modernism period, literary process, critical writing, literary review, review, contextualization, impressionism, symbolism.
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Kalaitzidis, Pantelis. "New trends in Greek Orthodox theology: challenges in the movement towards a genuine renewal and Christian unity." Scottish Journal of Theology 67, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 127–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930614000039.
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AbstractTheology in Greece today is the outcome of a long and complex historical process in which many different, and even contradictory, trends and theological proclivities have converged and continue to converge, thereby defining its shape and agenda. The present article tries to provide, in four sections, both a descriptive and critical account of this complex and fascinating history.Among these trends, a decisive role is attributed in the first section of the paper to the so-called ‘generation of the 1960s’ (including among others pre-eminent Greek theologians such as Metropolitan of Pergamon John D. Zizioulas, Christos Yannaras, Nikos Nissiotis, Fr John Romanides, Panagiotis Nellas), a Greek theological movement for renewal inspired mainly by the theology of the Russian diaspora and the call to ‘return to the Fathers’, which was instrumental in shaping contemporary Orthodox theology both in Greece and outside the Greek-speaking world.In the second section are given the reactions to and criticism of the ‘theology of 1960s’. There were strong disputes and rejection on the one hand by conservative Greek academic and ecclesiastical circles, and on the other hand from the opposite progressive side (mainly the professors of the Theology School of Thessaloniki University during the 1990s), which accused this theological movement of conservatism and anti-Westernism.The emergence of the agenda initiated by the new theological generation (of 2000) is discussed in the main and longer (third) section. This new theological agenda and its principal characteristics come from points of disagreement with the theologians of the generation of the 1960s, and from a renewed and more inclusive understanding of Orthodox theology which goes beyond the problématique, the language and the agenda of the 1960s. Among the topics raised and discussed by the new trends of Greek theology are: the rediscovery of eschatology and its dynamic interpretation, ecclesiological issues, such as the centrality of the episcopal office, and the critique of the dominant place of monasticism in the life of the church, the movement of liturgical renewal, the revalorisation of mission, the rediscovery of ethics and the dilemma of ethics versus ontology, the renewed interest in political theology, the overcoming of anti-Westernism and of the West–East divide as a central interpretative key, a more constructive relationship between Orthodoxy and modernity, the critical approach of the ‘return to the Fathers’ movement, the reconsideration of the devaluation of biblical studies, the emergence of an Orthodox feminist theology and the debate on women's ordination, the radical critique of religious nationalism, and the devolution into Byzantinism and ecclesiastical culturalism.In the fourth section the article names the settings and institutions that are hosting the new theological trends in Greek Orthodoxy, mainly mentioning the leading Greek Orthodox theological quarterly Synaxi, the official scholarly journal of the Church of Greece, Theologia, the Biblical Foundation of Artos Zoes and its Bulletin of Biblical Studies and, finally, the Volos Academy for Theological Studies. An overall group vision and esprit de corps which could integrate the individual efforts and provide an identity, clearly missing from the above-mentioned picture, are demanded from the two theological schools of Athens and Thessaloniki.The article concludes by briefly reviewing the conservative and fundamentalist reactions towards this new theological agenda, and by highlighting the urgent need for contemporary Greek theology to face the new, dynamic and particularly challenging global context, and to continue to reflect and to act towards Christian unity, as well as move to reconciliation between Christian East and West, Eastern and Western Europe.
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Mann, Steve. "Decon2 (Decon Squared): Deconstructing Decontamination." Leonardo 36, no. 4 (August 2003): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409403322258691.
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Decon is short for decontamination (e.g. stripdown and washdown in response to anthrax scares, etc.), but the term “decon” is also a short form for “deconstruction” (literary criticism asserting multiple conflicting interpretations of philosophical, political or social implications rather than an author's intention). The author describes an anthrax ready mailroom exhibit that included mass casualty decontamination showers, which he built in the summer of 2001, based on a patent he filed in April 2000, to deconstruct the coming “war on terrorism” and the suspension of civil liberties and personal privacy that might follow in the wake of bioterror attacks.
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Treasure, Darren C., Joan L. Duda, Howard K. Hall, Glyn C. Roberts, Carol Ames, and Martin L. Maehr. "Clarifying Misconceptions and Misrepresentations in Achievement Goal Research in Sport: A Response to Harwood, Hardy, and Swain." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 23, no. 4 (December 2001): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.23.4.317.
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In a recent article, Harwood, Hardy, and Swain (2000) presented what they termed a critical analysis of the conceptualization and measurement of achievement goals in sport. The purpose of the present article is to challenge their interpretation of achievement goal theory and to question many of their subsequent recommendations. Specifically, the present response will focus on Harwood et al.’s (a) interpretation of Nicholls’ personal theories of achievement; (b) their contention that task involvement cannot exist in competitive sport; (c) the proposed tripartite conceptualization of goal involvement states; (d) their understanding of the relationship between the way an individual conceptualizes ability and the foundation of dispositional goal orientations; and (e) their criticisms of the way dispositional goal orientations have been measured in sport. Theoretical frameworks are always a work in progress. To this end, we concur with the spirit of Harwood et al.’s article which implies that our conceptual models should be continuously questioned, tested, and extended. However, we believe their interpretation and recommendations do little to enhance our conceptual understanding of achievement goal theory in sport.
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Johnston, Justin Omar. "Multiculturalism, Biotechnology, and Biopolitics in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth." Contemporary Women's Writing 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cww/vpab019.
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Abstract This article traces the critical reception of Zadie Smith’s debut novel White Teeth (2000) to argue that both neoliberal and neoconservative interpretations of her work (and personal celebrity) have distorted the novel’s critique of contemporary biopolitics as a project of debilitating inclusion and racial eugenics. Rather than treating White Teeth as a “hysterical” or “naive” celebration of multiculturalism, this essay, focused on the ending of the novel, instead argues that White Teeth not only anticipates criticisms of multiculturalism as an inadequate model of belonging but also, more importantly, demonstrates a biopolitical understanding of race as a category that manages the distribution of life chances in postcolonial Britain. Drawing on work by Jasbir Puar, Achille Mbembe, and Luce Irigaray, this reframing of White Teeth opens new connections between her early work and her more recent “pessimistic” novels, such as Swing Time.
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Herzog, Annabel. "Hannah Arendt and the Politics of Tragedy. By Robert C. Pirro. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2000. 224p. $38.00." American Political Science Review 96, no. 1 (March 2002): 192–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402414311.
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Hannah Arendt's so-called nostalgia for the Greek polis stands at the core of most readings of her work, especially in debates between proponents of her concept of action as agonistic and interpreters of this concept as associational or communicative. Many feminist theorists, participatory democrats, and liberals share an aversion to Arendt's philhellenism and criticize her machismo, her apparent neglect of Athenian injustice, and her “republicanism,” with its potential for endangering individual autonomy. Similarly, Arendt's emphasis on the political relevance of stories and her self-acknowledged storytelling have also given rise to extensive interpretations. Arendt scholars, in line with many contemporary political theorists, reject the totalizing and universalizing power of theory and argue that human plurality is better expressed in stories than in abstract homogeneous theory. According to them, by exemplifying or illuminating general intuitions and propositions, storytelling concretizes the understanding of politics. They suggest that stories allow the political thinker to be critical and situated. Moreover, stories take into account forgotten parts of history, or forgotten parts of the political sphere, often denied in theories that cannot accept difference and contingency.
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Wang, Wenrui. "The Ways that Digital Technologies Inform Visitor's Engagement with Cultural Heritage Sites: Informal Learning in the Digital Era." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2022.10.4(3).
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Hernández-Campoy, J. M. "English in its socio-historical context." English Today 29, no. 3 (August 15, 2013): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078413000217.
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Since Romaine's (1982) pioneering work, historical sociolinguistics has been studying the relationships between language and society in its socio-historical context by focusing on the study of language variation and change with the use of variationist methods. Work on this interdisciplinary sub-field subsisting on sociology, history and linguistics is expanding, as shown, for example, by Milroy (1992), Nevalainen & Raumolin-Brunberg (1996; 2003), Ammon, Mattheier & Nelde (1999), Jahr (1999), Kastovsky & Mettinger (2000), Bergs (2005), Conde-Silvestre (2007), Trudgill (2010), or Hernández-Campoy & Conde-Silvestre (2012). These works have been elucidating the theoretical limits of the discipline and applying the tenets and findings of contemporary sociolinguistic research to the interpretation of linguistic material from the past. Yet in the course of this development historical sociolinguistics has sometimes been criticised for lack of representativeness and its empirical validity has occasionally been questioned. Fortunately, in parallel to the development of electronic corpora, the assistance of corpus linguistics and social history has conferred ‘empirical’ ease and ‘historical’ confidence on the discipline.
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PIetras, Alicja. "Hans Wagner’s Transcendental Argument for the Idea of Human Dignity." Forum Philosophicum 27, no. 2 (December 27, 2022): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/forphil.2022.2702.15.
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Hans Wagner (1917–2000), using the achievements of German transcendental philosophy, gives a transcendental argument for the idea of human dignity. He claims that to ground the validity of human thinking and all its products (e.g. culture), we must accept the validity of the idea of human dignity. The structure of my paper is as follows: First, I consider what it means to give a transcendental justification of something. I reconstruct the neo-Kantian’s understanding of transcendental method. Then I argue that Wagner’s idea of human dignity as a foundation of every ethics and law is nothing other than a fruitful interpretation and continuation, perhaps only making explicit Kant’s main ethical ideas. To make this more clear I present the relation between Kant’s ethics and the material ethics of values and, following Wagner, I argue that grounding ethics on the idea of self-determination of human will does not necessarily lead to formalism in the form in which it was criticised by the representatives of the material ethics of values. Finally, I reconstruct Wagner’s argument for the claim that the idea of human dignity is a transcendental condition for the possibility of ethics and law in general.
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Hector, Kevin W. "Immutability, Necessity and Triunity: Towards a Resolution of the Trinity and Election Controversy." Scottish Journal of Theology 65, no. 1 (January 6, 2012): 64–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930611000846.
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AbstractThe controversy sparked by Bruce McCormack's 2000 essay, entitled ‘Grace and Being: The Role of God's Gracious Election in Karl Barth's Theological Ontology’, shows little sign of waning; it seems, in fact, only to be heating up. In this article, I hope to make a modest contribution to this debate, one which will hopefully move it towards a resolution. My proposal is twofold: on the one hand, I will argue that we can do justice to McCormack's motivating concerns, without rendering ourselves liable to criticisms commonly raised against his view, if we accept two propositions: first, that God does not change in electing to be God-with-us, and second, that election is volitionally, but not ‘absolutely’, necessary to God. (By ‘absolutely necessary’ I mean something like ‘true in all possible eternities’, as will become clear.) I will try to demonstrate that this is Karl Barth's own position on the matter, which demonstration, if successful, would mean that the controversy should no longer be centred on the proper interpretation of Barth. This brings me to the second, shorter, part of my proposal, in which I argue that McCormack's position is innocent of some charges frequently brought against it. My hope is that these arguments, taken together, will advance the current discussion and contribute to its resolution.
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Matar, Nayla, Georges Lawson, Marc Remacle, Marie-Cécile Nollevaux, Monique Delos, and Jacques Jamart. "Reliability of Frozen Section Analysis in Transoral Laser Microsurgery of Upper Aerodigestive Tract Advanced Malignant Tumors." International Journal of Phonosurgery & Laryngology 1, no. 2 (2011): 44–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10023-1011.
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ABSTRACT Objective Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for endoscopic excision of head and neck cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract has become an accepted treatment modality. As in any excision of head and neck tumors, the persistance of tumor at the surgical margins influences the outcome. One of the frequent criticisms of endoscopic resection is that the laser use makes interpretation of the surgical margins difficult due to the thermal effect. The goal of this study is to assess the reliability of frozen section after laser excision in locally advanced tumors. Methods The charts of patients with T2 and T3 tumors, who underwent TLM between January 2000 and 2008, using the CO2 laser AcuBlade system were reviewed. Frozen section margin results obtained during TLM were compared with margins after formalin fixation. Results Sixty-seven patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 20 had supraglottic tumors, 22 had oral cavity tumors, 13 had oropharyngeal tumors and 12 had hypopharyngeal tumors. Fifty-nine had no prior treatment, seven had prior radiation therapy and one had prior open surgery. The mean number of frozen margins per surgery was 4. Histological examination on the formalin-fixed tissue confirmed frozen section in 97% of the cases. In 3% of the frozen sections, the diagnosis of invasive carcinoma was missed. None of these patients had significant locoregional disease progression. Conclusion Frozen section analysis of margins is reliable during TLM when performed by an experienced team. It enables a one-stage approach reducing the need of a planned second procedure.
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Schiøler, Poul, Jan Andsbjerg, Ole R. Clausen, Gregers Dam, Karen Dybkjær, Lars Hamberg, Claus Heilmann-Clausen, et al. "Colophon, contents, abstract, introduction, geological setting, previous work and material and methods." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 12 (June 29, 2007): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v12.4932.
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Schiøler, P., Andsbjerg, J., Clausen, O.R., Dam, G., Dybkjær, K., Hamberg, L., Heilmann-Clausen, C., Johannessen, E.P., Kristensen, L.E., Prince, I. & Rasmussen, J.A. 2007: Lithostratigraphy of the Palaeogene – Lower Neogene succession of the Danish North Sea. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin 12, 77 pp. + 5 plates.
As a result of a lithological, sedimentological and biostratigraphic study of well sections from the Danish sector of the North Sea, including some recently drilled exploration wells on the Ringkøbing–Fyn High, the lithostratigraphic framework for the siliciclastic Palaeogene to Lower Neogene sediments of the Danish sector of the North Sea is revised. The sediment package from the top of the Chalk Group to the base of the Nordland Group is subdivided into seven formations containing eleven new members. The existing Våle, Lista, Sele, Fur, Balder, Horda and Lark Formations of previously published lithostratigraphic schemes are adequate for a subdivision of the Danish sector at formation level. Bor is a new sandstone member of the Våle Formation. The Lista Formation is subdivided into three new mudstone members: Vile, Ve and Bue, and three new sandstone members: Tyr, Idun and Rind. Kolga is a new sandstone member of the Sele Formation. Hefring is a new sandstone member of the Horda Formation. Freja and Dufa are two new sandstone members of the Lark Formation. Danish reference sections are established for the formations, and the descriptions of their lithology, biostratigraphy, age and palaeoenvironmental setting are updated.
Acknowledgements: Aage Bach Sørensen (GEUS) is thanked for help with seismic interpretations. Yvonne Desezar, Johnny E. Hansen and Birthe Amdrup are thanked for preparation of microfossil and palynology samples. The referees Robert W.O’B. Knox (British Geological Survey) and Paul van Veen (ConocoPhilips Norway) are thanked for their constructive criticism of the manuscript; the editorial contributions of Adam A. Garde, Jon R. Ineson and Martin Sønderholm are gratefully acknowledged. This work was made possible through grants from the Danish Energy Authority, under the Energy Research Project Framework 2000.
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Somacarrera, Pilar. "“How Can You Use Two Languages and Mean What You Say in Both?”1: On Translating Margaret Atwood’s Poetry into Spanish." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 18, no. 1 (December 18, 2006): 157–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014371ar.
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Abstract Contrary to what might be expected, a Canadian literature in Spanish translation already exists and, expectedly, Margaret Atwood is one of the most translated writers. All her novels except Life Before Man, as well as three of her collections of short stories and three of her poetry collections have been translated into Spanish. Her work has received excellent reviews in Spain which have also praised her translators. This essay focuses on my own experience translating Atwood’s poetry–her collection Power Politics (Juegos de poder, 2000)–into Spanish, in an approach which compares my own project of translation or “projet-de-traduction,” as formulated by Antoine Berman, with that of the other translations of her poetry into Spanish. Being a university teacher and a researcher in Canadian literature, and not a specialist in Translation Studies, my approach is necessarily pragmatic and not theoretical. Bearing in mind Barbara Folkart’s contention that poetry is a cognitive activity and the multiplicity of interpretations that the poems offer, in which the feminist one is prominent, I tried to produce a translation which was as close as possible to the original characteristics of Atwood’s poetry in its tone, lineation and imagistic dimension. The first steps were the stylistic analysis, which resulted in a rhetorical study of the poems, and then the review of the existing criticism about the poems. The main problems which arose during the translation were related to the political and feminist connotations of the poems. If the political context is crucial in Power Politics, the cultural background is vital in The Journals of Susanna Moodie, although it has been erased in its Spanish version (Los diarios de Susanna Moodie, 1991, by Lidia Taillefer and Álvaro García). This is not an unusual phenomenon, since translation consists in an often insurmountable paradox which is formulated in the lines by Margaret Atwood quoted in the title of this article: trying to formulate the same idea in two languages which function differently and have completely different cultural contexts.
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Sylla, Bernhard, and João Ribeiro Mendes. "Introduction." Ethics, Politics & Society 3 (May 21, 2018): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/eps.3.1.104.
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The word “Anthropocene” appeared for the first time in printed form in 2000. It was introduced by the Dutch chemist Paul Crutzen and the U.S. limnologist Eugene Stoermer in a two-page paper jointly published in the issue number 41 of the IGBP Newsletter. They coined the neologism to express the idea shared by both that we have already entered a new unprecedented age in which our species has become a major geological agent.
Since then, a veritable explosion in the number of publications dedicated to the concept has occurred. Taking in consideration only the data provided by Web of Science, until 2010 around 100 books and papers were published about the Anthropocene, in 2015 that number increased eightfold, and in the last three years again this number has doubled, making a total that goes beyond 2000 publications in less than two decades.
Another thing to be noticed is the broadening of the discussion of the concept from the Geosciences (aiming at its explanation, i.e., at finding out if there is enough reliable evidence available for its formal incorporation in the scientific discourse) to the Social Sciences (seeking its understanding, that is, the uncovering of the historical reasons that led to its emergence and what political, economic, social and cultural consequences derive from it) and to the Humanities (attempting at a critique of its theoretical and practical implications). This is giving rise to the formation of the multidisciplinary field of the Anthropocene studies.
The Anthropocene did not go unnoticed to the philosophers too, leading them to inquire its ontological, epistemological, moral and aesthetic assumptions and implications. Moreover, because it seems to be provoking a deep transformation of Philosophy itself, a sense of urgency to think it through is now arising in the wider philosophical community.
With the purpose of producing a relevant contribution to the ongoing debate on the theme, within the 9th Braga Meetings on Ethics and Political Philosophy (BMEPP 9), between June 11 and 12, a special session with the title “Philosophical challenges of the Anthropocene” was organized. This dossier includes a selection of the best papers, from more than two dozen, delivered during that event.
The first is authored by one of the keynote speakers of the BMEPP 9, Professor Darrel Moellendorf (Goethe-Universität Frankfurt), and has the title “Three Interpretations of the Anthropocene: Hope and Anxiety at the End of Nature”. We are very grateful to Professor Moellendorf for having had the generosity to offer us his text for publication in this dossier.
In his paper he argues that there are three plausible interpretations, or attempts to make sense of the Anthropocene as an ongoing process: the Promethean, generating great expectations about our capacities to manage the planet; the destructive, provoking considerable anxiety regarding our environmental-civilizational destiny; and the inegalitarian, raising growing concern about our collective coexistence. According to him, any of them is equally plausible, and it is quite difficult to predict which trajectory the Anthropocene will take in the future.
The second contribution, from Cláudia Toriz Ramos (Fernando Pessoa University), entitled “Ecopolitics and global security: from discourse to policies”, shows, with great clarity, how the ecopolitical discourse has been crafted, assimilated to public policies, and ultimately contributed to the development of international and global security policies that pay increasing attention to environmental sustainability and security in contemporary times.
Bernhard Sylla (University of Minho) in “Anti-dualism in the discourse on the Anthropocene” carried out a thorough analysis and criticism of the more or less widely adopted claim among scholars of the “three cultures”, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences and Humanities, that the recognition of the Anthropocene implies the obsolescence of philosophically entrenched dualisms, such as nature vs. culture, social system vs. ecological system, or subject vs. object, and the resulting need to overcome that way of thinking that is incapable of coping with the environmental challenges of today. Focusing on the criticism that Andrew Feenberg and Gernot Böhme addressed at Donna Haraway and Bruno Latour`s purported forms of anti-dualism, he argues that although valuable it is not sufficiently convincing.
The last piece, “The cosmopolitan and environmental challenges of the idea of Europe in the age of the Antropocene”, penned by Bruno Rego (University of Minho), attempts a reassessment of the principles of classical contractualism and sketches a revamp of the idea of Europe for the 21st century in response to the problems triggered by the anthropogenic global environmental crisis. He also proposes that cities in the EU space can be thought of as cosmopolitan political agents and foster an effective socioecological contribution to the Anthropocene challenges.
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Ahmad, Asy Syams Elya. "KRITIK SEJARAH BATIK SIDOARJO." Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 10, no. 1 (June 9, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v10i1.24626.
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The popular historical narrative of the batik Sidoarjo needs to be reexamined based on historical methodology so that there is no historical bias based only on oral stories of the general public. Many studies are trapped in an inaccurate understanding of local historicity. As a result, these various studies have failed to fit batik Sidoarjo into its full context, instead it has become a kind of narrative standardization on its characteristics and history. This study aims to criticize the historical construction that has been popular in relation to the basic understanding of batik Sidoarjo and to explain the position of batik Sidoarjo in the cultural framework of its people. This article is the author's attempt to provide an analysis or explanation that is different from the historical narrative of batik Sidoarjo which is commonly used in various discussions. This research is classified as a qualitative research, using the historical method which consists of four stages, namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This research uses historical and sociological approaches to collect, select, and critically examine historical sources of Sidoarjo batik, resulting in historical facts. The results showed that the historicity of batik Sidoarjo refers to the batik activities in the areas of Kedungcangkring, Jetis, Sekardangan, Gajah Mada St. (Peranakans), and Tulangan, all of which have a direct relationship with both Peranakans nor indigenous. Batik Sidoarjo is not framed by traditional rituals, nor is it under the control and domination of the royal aristocracy. Its growth is based on the factor of the economic needs of the supporting community, which tends to be a trading commodity. The presence of other groups of people or nations such as Peranakan Chinese, Indo-European, Dutch, Arabic contributed to the birth of Sidoarjo batik. Keywords: batik, Sidoarjo, historical criticism.AbstrakNarasi sejarah batik Sidoarjo yang populer perlu dikaji ulang dengan didasari metodologi sejarah sehingga tidak terjadi bias sejarah yang hanya berdasar pada cerita lisan masyarakat umum. Banyak penelitian yang terjebak dalam pemahaman historisitas setempat yang kurang tepat. Akibatnya, berbagai kajian tersebut tidak berhasil mendudukkan batik Sidoarjo sesuai dengan konteksnya secara utuh, malah menjadi semacam standardisasi narasi pada karakteristik maupun sejarahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkritisi konstruksi sejarah yang telah populer terkait pemahaman dasar tentang batik Sidoarjo serta menjelaskan kedudukan batik Sidoarjo dalam kerangka budaya masyarakatnya. Artikel ini merupakan upaya penulis untuk memberikan analisis atau paparan yang berbeda dari narasi sejarah batik Sidoarjo yang umum dilakukan pada berbagai pembahasan. Penelitian ini tergolong dalam penelitian kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri atas empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan historis dan sosiologis untuk mengumpulkan, menyeleksi, dan menguji secara kritis sumber-sumber sejarah batik Sidoarjo, sehingga menghasilkan fakta sejarah. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa historisitas batik Sidoarjo merujuk pada aktivitas pembatikan yang ada di wilayah Kedungcangkring, Jetis, Sekardangan, Jl. Gajah Mada (China Peranakan), dan Tulangan yang kesemuanya saling terkait memiliki hubungan langsung baik itu pembatikan China peranakan maupun pribumi. Batik Sidoarjo tidak dikerangkai oleh ritual adat, juga tidak di bawah kendali dan dominasi aristokrasi kraton. Pertumbuhannya didasari faktor kebutuhan ekonomi masyarakat pendukungnya, sifatnya cenderung merupakan komoditas dagang. Hadirnya golongan masyarakat atau bangsa lain seperti China Peranakan, Indo-Eropa, Belanda, Arab turut berpengaruh melahirkan batik Sidoarjo.Kata Kunci: batik, Sidoarjo, kritik sejarah. Author:Asy Syams Elya Ahmad : Universitas Negeri Surabaya References:Abbas, Irwan. (2014). Memahami Metodologi Sejarah antara Teori dan Praktek. ETNOHISTORI: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebudayaan dan Kesejerahan, 1(1), 33–41.Abdurrahman, Dudung. (1999). Metode Penelitian Sejarah. Yogyakarta: Logos.Ahmad, Asy Syams Elya. (2013). Kajian Estetik Batik Sidoarjo. Tesis. Tidak Diterbitkan. Bandung: Program Studi Magister Desain, Institut Teknologi Bandung.Anas, Biranul, Hasanuddin, Ratna Panggabean, Yanyan Sunarya. (1997). Indonesia Indah-Buku ke 8; “Batik”. Jakarta: Yayasan Harapan Kita/BP 3 TMII.Anshori, Yusak & Kusrianto, Adi. (2011). Keeksotisan Batik Jawa Timur. 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Vieira, Júlia Lemos. "Marx não economicista: pistas contra interpretações reducionistas." Trilhas Filosóficas 11, no. 3 (April 17, 2019): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25244/tf.v11i3.3401.
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Resumo: A história do marxismo e dos movimentos sociais demonstram que as diferentes concepções sobre o que Marx quis dizer com os seus conceitos de base e superestrutura na configuração de uma teoria da história nortearam estratégias de luta diferentes na esquerda política - tendo o marxismo ocidental configuradose como uma reação ao soviético, rejeitando, dentre outros aspectos, a ideia de uma relação mecanicista nos fatores sociais estruturais. O presente artigo sugere pistas para criticar a interpretação de que há um reducionismo econômico na obra de Karl Marx. Palavras-chave: Marx. Infraestrutura. Superesturura. História. Revolução. Abstract: The history of Marxism and social movements demonstrate that the different conceptions of what Marx meant by his concepts of base and superstructure in the configuration of a theory of history guided different strategies of struggle on the political left - with Western Marxism configured as a reaction to the Soviet, rejecting, among other things, the idea of a mechanistic relationship in structural social factors. The present article suggests clues to criticize the interpretation that there is an economic reductionism in the work of Karl Marx. Keywords: Marx. Infrastructure. Supersession. History. Revolution. REFERÊNCIAS BOBBIO, Norberto. Nem com Marx, nem contra Marx. Tradução de Marco Aurélio Nogueira. São Paulo: Editora UNESP, 2006. COHEN. G.A. Karl Marx’s Theory of history: A defense. Expanded Edition. Princeton. Pinceton: University Press, 2000. KAUTSKY, Karl. The Dictatorship of the Proletariat. 1918. in <http://www.marxists.org/archive/kautsky/index.htm> MARX, Karl; ENGELS, Friedrich. A Ideologia Alemã. Tradução de Marcelo Backes. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2007. MARX, Karl; ENGELS, Friedrich. Obras Escolhidas. Vol. 1-3. São Paulo: Editora AlfaÔmega, 1983. MARX, Karl. A miséria da filosofia. Tradução de José Paulo Netto. São Paulo: Editora Global, 1985. MARX, Karl. Contribuição à Crítica da Economia Política. Tradução de Maria Helena Barreiro Alves. São Paulo. Martins Fontes. 1983. MARX, Karl. Elementos fundamentales para la crítica de la economia política (Grundrisse) 1857 ~1858. Traducción de Pedro Scaron. México. Siglo XXI Editores. 2007. Vol. 1-3. MARX, Karl. Las luchas de clases en Francia. Traducción de Tristán Suárez. Buenos Aires. Editorial Claridad. 1973. MARX, Karl. Manuscritos Econômicos-Filosóficos. Texto integral. Tradução de Jesus Ranieri. São Paulo: Boitempo, 2006. MARX, Karl. O Capital: Crítica da Economia Política. Tradução de Reginaldo Sant’anna. Livro Primeiro. Vol. 1-3. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 1971. PLEKHÂNOV, G.V. Os Princípios Fundamentais do Marxismo. 1927. Tradução de Sônia Rangel. São Paulo: Editora Hucitec, 1978. SHAW, Willian H. Marx’s Theory of History First Edition. London: Hutchinson, 1978 TRÚBNIKOV, Vadim (org.) Marx, Engels, Lénine: sobre as vias de acesso ao socialismo. Moscovo: Edições da Agência de Imprensa Nóvosti, 1980.
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Байпаков, Карл Молдахметович. "АРХИТЕКТУРНО-АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КОМПЛЕКС АКЫРТАС." Kazakhstan Archeology, no. 1-2 (December 27, 2018): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52967/akz2018.1-2.1-2.118.132.
Full textAbstract:
Акыртас – недостроенное сооружение из каменных блоков железистого песчаника. На территории памятника хорошо читаются две улицы: одна из них, направлением север–юг, – сквозная, другая, направлением восток–запад, – тупиковая, упирается в глухие айваны. Относительно комплекса Акыртас есть разные мнения: строился как буддийский или несторианский монастырь, караван-сарай или дворец-резиденция. По аналогии планировки, характеру строительной техники некоторые исследователи считают Акыртас дворцом, сооруженным арабскими зодчими в VIII в. Археологические материалы, полученные автором, позволяют датировать начало строительства временем после Атлахской битвы 751 г.
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Petrošienė, Lina. "Singing Tradition of the Inhabitants of Lithuania Minor from the Second Half of the 20th Century to the Beginning of the 21st Century." Tautosakos darbai 61 (June 1, 2021): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.51554/td.21.61.04.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyses how the folk singing tradition of the Lithuania Minor developed in the late 20th and in the early 21st centuries. It examines the activities of the folklore groups in the Klaipėda Region during the period of 1971–2020, focusing on those that assert fostering of the lietuvininkai singing tradition as their mission or one of their goals. The study employs the previously unused materials, which allow revising the former research results regarding the revival of the Lithuanian ethnic music and show the folklore ensembles working in the Klaipėda Region as a significant part of the Lithuanian folklore movement and the revival of the ethnic music, emerging from the 1960s. Special emphasis is placed on the early phase in adoption of the lietuvininkai singing tradition related to the activities of the folklore ensemble “Vorusnėˮ established in 1971 at the Klaipėda faculties of the State Conservatory of the former LSSR, and the role it had in prompting the creation of other folklore groups in Klaipėda, as well as its impact on the broader cultural and educational processes taking place in the Klaipėda Region.In the 20th century, the prevailing narrative regarding the Lithuanian inhabitants of the Lithuania Minor maintained that books, hymns, schools, church, social and cultural organizations, and choral or theatre activities were the most significant factors influencing the cultural expression of lietuvininkai, while the Lithuanian folklore was hardly practiced anymore or even considered an inappropriate thing. Judging from the folklore recordings, the folk singing tradition supported by the lietuvininkai themselves disappeared along with the singers born in the late 19th century. However, after the WWII, it was adopted and continued by the folklore groups appearing the Klaipėda Region. These groups included people from the other regions of Lithuania who had settled there. This is essentially the process of reviving the ethnic music, which began in Europe during the Enlightenment period and continues in many parts of the world.“Vorusnėˮ was founded in 1971 as the first institutional student folklore ensemble in Klaipėda Region. For 27 years, its leader was a young and talented professor of the Baltic languages Audronė Jakulienė (later Kaukienė). She became the founder of the linguistic school at the Klaipėda University (KU). In the intense and multifaceted activities of the “Vorusnėˮ ensemble, two different stages may be discerned, embracing the periods of 1971–1988 and 1989–2000.In 1971–1988, the ensemble mobilized and educated students in the consciously chosen direction of fostering the Lithuanian ethnic culture, sought contacts with the native lietuvininkai, collected and studied ethnographic and dialectal data, prepared concert programs based on the scholarly, written, and ethnographic sources, gave concerts in Lithuania and abroad, and cooperated with folklore groups from other institutions of higher education.In 1989–2000, the “Vorusnėˮ ensemble engaged in numerous other areas of activity. The children‘s folklore ensemble “Vorusnėlėˮ was established in 1989; both “Vorusnėˮ and “Vorusnėlėˮ became involved in the activities of the community of the Lithuania Minor founded in 1989. The leader of the ensemble and its members contributed to the establishment of the Klaipėda University, which became an important research center of the Prussian history and culture. The leader of the ensemble and her supporters created a new study program of the Lithuanian philology and ethnology at the KU, which during its heyday (2011–2014) had developed three levels of higher education, including bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral studies. The Folklore Laboratory and Archive was established at the Department of the Baltic Linguistics and Ethnology, headed by Kaukienė, and young researchers in philology, ethnology, and ethnomusicology were encouraged to carry out their research there. In the course of over two decades, Kaukienė initiated organizing numerous research conferences dealing with lietuvininkai language and culture.Until 1980, “Vorusnėˮ was the only folklore ensemble in the Klaipėda Region, but in 1985, there were already ten folklore ensembles. These ensembles developed different creative styles that perhaps most notably depended on the personal structure of these ensembles and their leaders’ ideas and professional musical skills. Generally, at the beginning of their activity, all these ensembles sang, played and danced the folklore repertoire comprising all the regions of Lithuania. The activities of “Vorusnėˮ and other folklore ensembles in Klaipėda until 1990 showed that revival of folklore there essentially followed the lines established in other cities and regions of Lithuania.During the first decade after the restoration of independence of Lithuania in 1990, folklore was in high demand. In Klaipėda, the existing ensembles were actively working, and the new ones kept appearing based on the previous ones. The folklore ensembles of the Klaipėda Region clearly declared their priorities, embracing all the contemporary contexts. Some of them associated their repertoire with the folklore of lietuvininkai, others with Samogitian folklore.The lietuvininkai singing tradition was adopted and developed in two main directions.The first one focused on authentic reconstruction, attempting recreation with maximumaccuracy of the song‘s dialect, melody, and manner of singing, as well as its relationship tocustoms, historical events or living environment. The second direction engaged in creativedevelopment, including free interpretations of the songs, combining them with other stylesand genres of music and literature, and using them for individual compositions. These twoways could be combined as well. Lietuvininkai are not directly involved in these activities, butthey tolerate them and participate in these processes in their own historically and culturallydetermined ways.The contemporary artistic expression of the promoters of the lietuvininkai singing tradition is no longer constrained by the religious and ideological dogmas that were previously maintained in the Lithuania Minor and in a way regulated performance of these songs. It is determined nowadays by consciousness, creativity, resourcefulness, and knowledge of its promoters. The dogmas of the Soviet era and modernity have created a certain publicly displayed (show type) folklore. The ensembles took part of the institutionalized amateur art, subsequently becoming subject to justified and unjustified criticism, which is usually levelled on them by the outsiders studying documents and analyzing processes. However, favorable appreciation and external evaluation by the participants of the activities and the local communities highlight the meaning of this activity.