Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1905-1946'

La penetration et la conquete, qui ont debute depuis la deuxieme moitie du 19eme siecle, marquees par des luttes (1896, 1899) aboutissent, en 1905, a la creation de la circonscription du bas congo, ancetre de l'actuelle region du pool. A cette date, le pays bakongo est tres peuple, dynamique et structure. Nous voulons etudier, a partir des institutions, la societe, et, pendant la colonisation, le processus d'integration et d'evolution du pool au sein de l'entite coloniale. En 1906-1930, la conquete ne freine en rien le progres des bakongo. Leurs institutions s'adaptent aux exigences de la colonisation et se perfectionnent. En 1930-1945, la politique de "bras de fer" pratiquee par l'administration francaise contre la societe bakongo, le mouvement balari ou l'amicale, et la tentative de destruction de sa chefferie, provoquent une crise grave: revoltes armees et repressions se succedent. A la fin de notre etude, 1946, permanence et transformation lente caracterisent les institutions sociales et politiques des bakongos. Dans l'immense majorite rurale du congo, la chefferie reste la principale institution d'autorite, souvent la seule qu'on aborde directement
The invasion and the conquest that started since the second half of the 19th century marked by fights (1896, 1899) led in 1905 to the creation of the district of "bas congo", ancestor of the actual region of pool. At this period the land bakongo is very populated, dynamic and structured. We want to study through the institutions, the society, and during the colonization, the process of integration and evolution of pool into the colonial entity. In 1906-1980, the conquest did not at all curb the progress of the bakongo. Their institutions are conform to the requirements of the colonization and improved. In 1930-1945, the policy of "bras de fer" led by the french administration against the bakongo society, balari or "amicale", and the attempt to destory the chieftainsy, provoqued a severe crisis: rebellions and repression succeeded one another. At the end of our study, 1946, permanence and slow transformation characterize the bakongo's social et political institutions. In the large rural majority of congo, the chieftainsy remains the principal institution of authority; the only one that is usually touched directly

Esta pesquisa sobre política e cultura no universo militar procurou investigar como, na História das Instituições de Ensino Superior Militar, a reforma de seus regulamentos e normas internas visou a construção de um projeto de modernização profissional do Exército Brasileiro, moldando atores políticos a fim de consolidar a Instituição e o regime republicano através da reorganização constante do modelo de ensino empregado nas suas Escolas de Formação de Oficiais. As constantes mudanças no sistema de educação estavam contextualizadas pelos momentos históricos e políticos que o Estado brasileiro atravessava durante a primeira metade do século XX, e, principalmente, pelo medo do movimento comunista que interferiu na construção do Estado autoritário de Vargas ao longo dos anos 1930. Com efeito, o estudo propõe compreender quais modelos de organização a Escola Militar adotou no processo de seleção e de formação do quadro de Oficiais ao longo da primeira metade do século XX. Para fundamentar esta pesquisa, fez-se necessário adotar um procedimento empírico cujo levantamento documental privilegiou diversas fontes, a saber: processos individuais para o ingresso na Escola Militar, regulamentos que organizaram o funcionamento do ensino militar, documentos internos Institucionais, acervos pessoais, artigos de revistas militares, livros e artigos de memória da Instituição. A análise do corpus documental permitiu identificar que os modelos de ensino e as reivindicações de militares nas mudanças dos regulamentos estavam em consonância com cada momento histórico vivido. Na fase de 1905 a 1913, os regulamentos prescreveram, ainda, que o ensino fosse ministrado a partir de modelos cujas bases teóricas precediam os exercícios práticos. Estes ficaram em segundo lugar em relação às bases teóricas, o que implicou conseqüências na formação do Oficial do Exército, mantendo frágil o limite ente a esfera civil e a militar. Na fase de 1913 a 1929, os modelos foram encadeados e propuseram que o ensino fosse teórico-prático ou mais prático do que teórico e que o conhecimento fosse apreendido do concreto para o abstrato. Os resultados de tal empreendimento transitaram da formação de um modelo educacional teórico-cientificista em que predominavam a matemática e as ciências naturais, que os afastava das questões militares, para um modelo profissional mais prático e objetivo, o que suscitou mudanças na cultura política institucional que levaram nos anos 1930 e 1940 à construção de padrões de discriminações no processo de seleção dos candidatos às Escolas Militares
This thesis on politics and culture in the military universe investigates the History of the Military Academies, showing that the purposes that oriented the reform of its rules and internal regulations aimed at the construction of a professional modernization project, therefore molding new political actors in order to consolidate the institution and the republican regime, thus constantly reorganizing the teaching pattern used in the Military Academies. The constant changes in the educational system were contextualized in the political and historical moments that the Brazilian Government was experiencing along the first half of the 20th century, principally the fear towards the communist movement, a fact that enhanced the authoritarian scope of the Vargas period, all through the 30s. This thesis will show, indeed, which models of organization were adopted by the Military Academy along the selection process as well as the educational process of the Officers Staff throughout the first half of the 20th century. In order to justify the arguments raised, an empiric procedure was essential to establish the assumptions here defended. This empiric procedure was based on a documental survey that emphasized the following sources: the individual process for admission in the Military Academy; the norms that ruled the functioning of the military teaching; internal institutional documents; personal files; articles published in military magazines; and, finally, books and articles that comprise the institutional records on this subject. The analysis of these corpora helped proving that the educational models, in agreement with the military officers claims for changes in the regulations, corresponded to each period of the nations history. From 1905 to 1913, those regulations also determined that the instruction had to be based on models whose theoretical assumptions preceded the practical exercises which became secondary regarding theoretical axes, thus with consequences to the education of the military officers of the army, therefore keeping the boundaries between the civil and military sectors fragile. From 1913 to 1929 the models were connected, and a more theoretical-practical or even more practical teaching instead of a more theoretical one were proposed. Learning should then be apprehended from the concrete to the abstract. The results of these changes varied from a theoretical-scientific model, in which mathematics and the natural sciences were predominant, thus keeping officers distant from the military issues, causing changes in the institutional political culture, to another model that that led to the construction of discrimination patterns in the admission process of the candidates to the Military Academies in the 30s and the 40s

While the theatrical works of Jules Verne have gathered some critical attention over recent years, the text of the Voyage à travers l’Impossible has remained an obscure space in the author’s oeuvre or deemed unworthy by Vernian scholars. Jules Verne has predominantly been seen as a writer of adventure novels whereas the fantastic elements in his work have commonly been overlooked by critics. This thesis examines the ways in which the Voyage à travers l’Impossible amalgamates ideas that are representative not only of the Vernian work in general but also of the pre-freudian spirit of the nineteenth century. By viewing the play within the context of theatrical fantasy, this thesis opens up new paths of analysis in the genre. Part of this endeavour consists of a comparison with a seemingly disparate text: Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials, which, similarly to Verne’s play, facilitates an exploration of the function of fantasy both in literary and theatrical terms as it was first adapted for the stage in 2003. During the course of this thesis I offer an analysis of the trilogy and proceed to cover new ground by comparing this to an analysis of the adapted text. For the purpose of my examination I establish a connection between the two texts by regarding the Voyage à travers l’Impossible and His Dark Materials as dominated by the literary motif of initiation according to the model introduced by Vernian specialist Simone Vierne. I subsequently interweave an array of theories on fantasy, psychoanalysis, topography and the body as part of my analysis of the literary fantastic. Texts by Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, Tzvetan Todorov, Irène Bessière, Mircea Eliade, Judith Butler and Vernian critics such as William Butcher are amply used in my readings of Verne and Pullman before I proceed to examine their relevance to the theatrical experience of the fantastic. An analysis of the adaptation of His Dark Materials offers the opportunity for fresh critical insights by creating new perspectives on the function of fantasy in its fluctuation from page to stage and vice-versa. It is through these different perspectives that I revisit old questions and introduce new ones such as the difference between fantasy and the fantastic, their regressive or progressive character, the modification of ii fantastic elements on the passage from the literary to the theatrical and from pre-modernism to post-modernism. Basing my analysis on stories of initiation, I suggest that fantasy evades exclusive association with either progress or regress and only remains faithful to the notions of passage and blurring of frontiers.

This thesis examines Albert Speer, minister of armaments in Germany during World War II, and the charges against him during the trial of the major war criminals in Nuremberg, Germany, 1945-1946. This thesis portrays Albert Speer as a good man enticed by the power of his position and subsequently playing a role in the crimes of the Third Reich. Primary sources included the Nuremberg Trial proceedings published by the International Military Tribunal and Speer's books, Inside the Third Reich; Spandau: The Secret Diaries; and Infiltration. The thesis has six chapters: preface, biography, the charges against Speer, the verdict, the aftermath concerning his time in Spandau Prison, and a conclusion. Albert Speer accepted his guilt, yet came to resent his imprisonment and questioned the validity of the trial.

La sociedad mapuche del siglo XX vivió en la primera mitad de esa centuria importantes transformaciones sociales, políticas y culturales. Una de ellas fue el proceso de radicación o constitución de reducciones, conocidas hoy como comunidades indígenas. El patrimonio territorial de 10 millones de hectáreas reconocidas por la corona española a través de 28 parlamentos y posteriormente por el gobierno de Ramón Freire, en plena República, quedó durante ese periodo drásticamente reducido a 500 mil hectáreas (5%) El 95% restante, de acuerdo a los estudios de José Aylwin y Martín Correa, fue apropiado por el Estado y distribuido a través de distintos mecanismos regulados por decretos leyes, como lo fue la colonización con extranjeros y nacionales, la fundación de pueblos, la constitución de una propiedad fiscal, las subastas públicas y los pagos por servicios a la oficialidad del ejército. Este drástico cambio en la propiedad de la tierra y los recursos, fue antecedido por la esquilmación económica de la base ganadera de la sociedad mapuche. Como bien lo demuestra José Bengoa, y también Pizarro en la zona de Lebu, miles de cabezas de ganado vacuno, equino, ovejuno fueron subastadas en las plazas de armas de los pueblos fronterizos suministrándoseles a los nuevos parceleros y latifundistas a bajos precios, pero con ganancia “redonda” para el erario del Estado conquistador. Ambos procesos trajeron aparejadas la instalación de la institucionalidad del Estado, primero el ejército y a su zaga la nueva legislación. También surgieron las misiones y por extensión la escuela, el mercado y los correspondientes caminos, los juzgados y la policía, las comisiones de colonización y de radicación indígena, que junto a los órganos de poder provincial y local, las intendencias y los partidos políticos, le fueron dando a los antiguos territorios mapuches una continuidad que nunca tuvo con las provincias del norte del río Biobío. Esto terminó por sustituir la gobernabilidad de los grandes consejos de lonko (fütra trawün) por los organismos de gobierno chileno quien, desde entonces, fue haciendo efectivo el control del territorio. Hacia la década del cuarenta, un estudio en terreno sobre los mapuches en la zona precordillerana desarrollada por María Inez Hilger, indicaba sobre sus aspectos de gobierno que: "La cabeza de la unidad local araucana es, igual que antiguamente, el ülme y que ahora le dicen cacique (palabra española para decir jefe indio) Igual que en el pasado, el cacique tiene un ayudante llamado loŋko, que él elige. El cacique lleva el liderazgo en momentos que es requerido, sin embargo, su autoridad para interpretar la ley ha sido reemplazada, en gran medida, por los Juzgados de Indios y por carabineros (policía chilena) En el pasado, en algunos casos, el cacique podía aplicar la pena de muerte. El poder legislativo, que antiguamente estaba en manos de la población masculina actuaba como un organismo, y aún funciona, pero se restringe principalmente a entregar peticiones al gobierno chileno. Los sucesivos gobiernos reafirmaron en adelante su condición de Estado nación, es decir, la supremacía de un solo orden jurídico, religioso, cultural y lingüístico: el de los conquistadores, más específicamente el del grupo oligarca detentor del poder en Chile desde la independencia. El proceso fue violento en su génesis. Como bien lo demuestra Arturo Leiva, se trató de una guerra de invasión y conquista militar para luego colonizar desplazando a la población nativa. La violencia acompañó los episodios posteriores, pues no sólo la sociedad mapuche cayó bajo la derrota, sino también las formas de relación que hicieron entenderse a éstos con los chilenos durante el siglo XIX a través de parlamentos, como otrora con la corona española. Estos esquemas de relación habían institucionalizado funciones, funcionarios, ritos, procedimientos que de la noche a la mañana quedaron sin funcionalidad. Para autores como Leonardo León ahí estuvo el caldo de cultivo que activó la violencia -fenómeno de larga duración- que sacudió los espacios de la frontera, la violencia mestiza en contra del nuevo orden que no necesitó de interlocutores, funcionarios ni ritualidades más que las del propio Estado, la nueva y única autoridad.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Trata-se de uma investigação sobre as posições políticas de Jean-Paul Sartre relacionadas ao Terceiro Mundo, entre 1947 e 1979. A investigação tem dois objetivos fundamentais: estabelecer as relações possíveis entre o contexto histórico – o mundo pós-guerra, as guerras de descolonização, a emergência dos países do Terceiro Mundo e o cenário político-intelectual francês – e a trajetória de Sartre; e analisar, por meio das fontes documentais, os problemas que o Terceiro Mundo – a Guerra da Argélia (1954-1962), a Revolução Cubana (1959) e a Guerra do Vietnã (1946-1975) – colocam às posições políticas de Sartre
This study investigates Jean-Paul Sartre‟s political positions and their relationship with the Third World, between 1947 and 1979. Generally speaking, this research aims to establish a possible link between the historical context – the postwar world, the descolonization wars, the rising of third world countries, the French political and intellectual setting – and Sartre‟s trajectory. More accurately, this investigation, above all, aims to analyse by means of documental sources, the problems that the Third World – The Algeria War (1954-1962), the Cuban Revolution (1959) and the Vietnam War (1946-1975) – bring forward to Sartre‟s political positions

A travers le filtre de guy mollet on a a s'interesser a l'histoire des continuites et des discontinuites dans le mouvement socialiste. Dit autrement, sur bien des plans (place de la doctrine, place et role des elus, role du groupe parlementaire, etc. . . ). Le mode de gestion du parti socialiste -et c'est la a l'evidence ou se situe l'apport essentiel de ce travail- le mode de gestion du parti sous l'autorite de guy mollet ne temoigne pas d'une transformation de la nature meme de ce parti. La decisive question de la representation proportionnelle avait ete tranchee avant guy mollet, a la demande meme de leon blum qui avait en memoire le risque d'eclatement (et l'eclatement effectif lors de l'exclusion de marceau pivert en 1938 et de la creation du psop) auxquels la sfio avait ete confrontee du fait de la logique des tendances et qu'il voulait a tout prix eviter. Par ailleurs l'autorite de guy mollet fut d'une nature differenciee, respectant en cela la structure plurielle de son parti. C'est dire que meme si les questions d'organisation ont revetu une importance premiere, les grilles de lecture issues du modele bolchevique ou leniniste ne s'averent en aucun cas adaptees a l'etude du molletisme. Guy mollet n'a pas domine la sfio parce qu'il en a controle l'appareil, au reste fort embryonnaire, mais parce qu'il a su s'adapter aux divers "pays du socialisme". La sfio de guy mollet est davantage demeuree une federation de federations qu'un parti centralise. Loin d'etre un monarque absolu, guy mollet regne parce qu'il est un monarque feodal. Il regne, parce qu'il incarne un double compromis, consubstantiel a la definition meme de molletisme : compromis sur le parti et compromis ideologique et politique. La rhetorique meme de guy mollet contribuait davantage a asseoir son autorite. .
This research presents the action of guy mollet, head of the (french) socialist party, from 1946 to 1969. Beyond the sight of a man's political progress, it is a true way to reconsider the policy taken by the french socialists regarding those important issues that were the economical and political reconstruction of france after ww ii, the decolonization and the return of general de gaulle at commands in 1958. Therefore, this study will also show us how for the socialists, political life was only confining itself to the party's internal life. Despite the final failure and the political death of guy mollet in 1969, we shall be offered new patterns of reading the contenpory french history, such as the political culture of cold war, and the algeria war. Last of all, it elucidates a certain continuity in the history of the franch socialist party

Cette recherche porte sur les missions de Français dans le domaine de la psychologie au Brésil entre 1908 et 1947. L'étude a permis l'établissement d'une chronologie séparant ces missions en trois moments. On assiste d'abord à la légitimation de la discipline en tant que discours scientifique issu de recherches expérimentales et capable de réintégrer les faits jugés avérés dans le domaine de l'intelligible, grâce aux cours de Georges Dumas (qui s'y rend la première fois en 1908), et de Pierre Janet (qui y séjourna en 1922 et en 1933). Puis on identifie l'application de la psychologie au projet de développement du Brésil, tout spécialement avec l'application de tests d'intelligence dans l'organisation de l'éducation de masse et dans l'industrie - technique apportées par Henri Piéron (en 1923, 1926 et 1947), Théodore Simon (en 1929) et Henri Wallon (en 1935). Enfin, la formation en psychologie se met en place dans les nouvelles universités du pays avec les missions de Jean Maugié qui va enseigner à l'Université de Sâo Paulo de 1935 à 1944, et d'André Ombredane qui restera à l'Université du Brésil (à Rio de Janeiro), de 1939 à 1945. Il est aussi montré dans la thèse que les relations scientifiques ont été le résultat d'une volonté réciproque et qu'elles ont largement dépassé la sphère académique. Le Brésil acquiert un support pour son entreprise de modernisation ainsi qu'un allié qui va lui ouvrir les portes de l'Europe et l'aider à améliorer son image à l'étranger, alors que la France, en retour, envoie chez son partenaire ses chercheurs les plus prestigieux, afin d'étendre son influence scientifique, culturelle, économique et diplomatique
This research focuses on the French missions in Brazil in the field of psychology from 1908 to 1947. The study allowed the establishment of a timeline that separates these missions into three distinct periods. First, the study tackles the legitimacy of the discipline as a scientific discourse originated from experimental researches capable of incorporating facts deemed proven in the realm of the intelligible, using the lessons gleaned from the lectures of Georges Dumas (who went there the first time in 1908) and Pierre Janet (who went there in 1922 and in 1933). Then it identifies the application of psychology in Brazil's development project, most especially in the administration of intelligence tests in the structure of public educational System and in the industry, techniques elucidated in the lectures of Henri Piéron (in 1923, 1926 and 1947), Theodore Simon (1929) and Henri Wallon (in 1935). Finally, this research discusses how psychology training firmly took its roots in higher education in the new universities of the country with the mission of Jean Maugüé who taught at the University of São Paulo from 1935 to 1944, and André Ombredane who stayed at the University of Brazil (in Rio de Janeiro) from 1939 to 1945. This thesis also shows that scientific relationships are the result of a murual will and that they have far exceeded the academic sphere. Brazil has acquired support for its modernization and a partner to open Europe's doors and to help the country improve its image abroad, whereas France, in turn, sends to its partner its associate its most prestigious researchers, in order to expand its scientific, cultural, economie and diplomatie influences

Cette thèse étudie le paradoxe des élites colonisées africaines dites "évoluées" qui célèbrent la colonisation française et se mobilisent, à travers la création de partis politiques et la prise en charge de l'idéologie coloniale - qui leur a été enseignée dans les écoles coloniales pour la domestication des populations "indigènes" qui supportent impatiemment le joug colonial et sont tentées par la rébellion. Dès lors, la mobilisation politique de la société colonisée par l’élite "évoluée" devient une gageure en raison de la nature paradoxale des valeurs politiques mises en œuvre. Ces valeurs, qui fonctionnent ici comme un puissant déterminisme idéologique et politique, sont analysés à partir du vocabulaire politique de l'époque. Tout d'abord, la formation de cette élite "évoluée" dans les écoles coloniales françaises, ses aspirations a l'assimilation politique et culturelle par le colonisateur qui est posé en modèle, son refus de toute indépendance politique pour la colonie sont exposes. En Côte d'Ivoire, la figure d'Houphouët-Boigny, le leader charismatique, domine. Ensuite, l'analyse porte sur les populations "indigènes" asservies et tente de cerner leurs aspirations politiques et leurs revendications exprimées ou cachées. Dans un troisième temps, il est souligné l'impossibilité d'une interaction mobilisatrice entre élites "évoluées" et populations "indigènes" en raison de l'incompatibilité de leurs aspirations politiques et du profond mépris de l’élite colonisée pour les "indigènes". Mais, en définitive, l’élite "évoluée" de Côte d'Ivoire sera contrainte d'assumer l'indépendance politique par une puissance coloniale française confrontée à de nombreuses rebellions des colonisés en Asie et en Afrique du Nord et qui ne peut plus assumer son vieux rêve impérial. Tout au long de cette thèse, l'histoire officielle qui représente désormais Houphouët et son parti comme des "anti-colonialistes" héroïques est remise en cause à partir des archives
This thesis is about the paradox of the so called "advanced" colonized African elites that celebrate french colonisation and that mobilize through the creation of political parties and the defense of colonial ideology they were taught in colonial schools for the purpose of domesticating endigenous populations who impatiently put up with colonial oppression and are at the same time tempted by rebellion. Hence forth the political mobilisation of colonized masses by the "advanced" elites becomes a challenge due to the paradoxical nature of the political at stake. These values that function in this case as the powerful ideological and political determinism are analysed from the standpoint of the political vocabulary of the era. At first, the training of this "advanced" elite in french colonial schools, its aspirations to the political and cultural assimilation by the colonizer who is seen as a model, its denial of any political independence for the colony are exposed. In Côte d'Ivoire, the personality of Houphouët-Boigny, the charismatic leader is predominant. Then the analysis deals with the "indigenes" subdued with the attempt to encompass the political aspirations and their hidden or expressed claims. Third, the impossibility of interactions meant to mobilize "advanced" elites and "indigenes" has been underlined because of the incompatibility of their political aspirations and the profound contempt of the colonized elite toward "indigenes". But ultimately the "advanced" elite of cote d'ivoire will be compelled to assume the political independence imposed by a french colonial power confronted with numerous rebellions colonized masses in Asia and North Africa and which can no longer achieve its old imperial dream. Throughout this thesis the official history that portrays Houphouët-Boigny and his party as hereon anti-colonialists is questionable considering the archives

Autour des voyages extraordinaires de jules verne, cette contribution envisage un corpus dont la coherence se veut d'ordre psycho-thematique : le voyage comme exploration de la mort, et l'ecriture comme voyage fantasmatique. Des lors, le voyage n'est plus seulement le reve d'epuiser les ressources de la mappemonde, mais aussi un reve d'utopies : utopies de l'ailleurs, de l'amour, du futur, d'un accord nature-societe-utopies qui se voient contraintes, devant les ingerences du siecle, a l'exorcisme paradoxal que constituent les diverses contre-utopies : mal moral explore par le recit policier ou le recit fantastique, souvent associes ; mal politique envisage tant en fonction des blocages imposes au desir, que des trop reelles oppressions d'une histoire titubant a l'aveuglette- tandis que la science-fiction tente d'y voir clair dans la stochastique du futur. D'ou la dilection de notre travail pour les differentes formes de la litterature des limites, celle qui, sachant que le monde n'est que notre representation, se soucie peu des normes d'un pseudo-realisme reducteur. Merveilleux, fantastique, science-fiction, utopie et contre-utopie, poesie et exploration du mal sont donc autant de manieres de dire, non pas l'absurdite, mais le sens infini du monde. Que la transcendance debute par l'ecrit, tel fut peut-etre, du premier au dernier de ces textes, notre fil conducteur
This thesis is a corpus centred round jules verne's voyages extraordinaires and its coherence is meant to be psychothematic : travelling is seen as an exploration of death, and writing as an imaginary journey. Thus, travelling is not merely a dream of exhausting what a map of the world may offer, but also a dream of utopias : the utopias of the extraneous, of love, of the future, of a harmony between nature and society - such utopias are forced into the para- doxical exorcism which the various counter-utopias have formed: a moral evil explored by detective of fantastic narratives, a political evil seen as a repre- hension of desires and as the oppression inflicted by history- meanwhile science-fiction tries to see through a hazardous future. Hence our preference for the various aspects of the literature of limits, which, aware that the world is only our weltanschaaumg, is quite heedless of the rules of a reducing pseudo-realism. Therefore, the wonderful, the fantastic, science-fiction, utopias and counter-utopias, poetry and the exploration of death are as many ways of expressing not the preposterousness but the infinite significance of the world. Let transcendency begin with writing, such was, perhaps, our clew, from the first to the last of these texts

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This case study embodies the foundation and development of Faculdade de Engenharia Industrial FEI, in São Bernardo do Campo, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, within the period from 1946 to 1985, and analyses selected technological researches conducted in this institution. This study starts investigating the life and work of the FEI founder, Father Roberto Sabóia de Medeiros, S. J., covering his background education, ideals and objectives and highlighting his social actions, in order to establish the institute s mission. Originally founded to be an Industrial Chemical Engineering school (1946), soon after FEI was invited to compose, along with other colleges, the Universidade Católica de São Paulo, created in that same year. The transference of the FEI campus to the city of São Bernardo do Campo, where it is currently located, occurred in the 1960 s, when the City Mayor, Lauro Gomes, intended to foment and attract the settlement of large industries in that city and, at the same time, guarantee the supply of qualified professionals. With that goal, he donated a large area of his property for the setup of the FEI campus. The city of São Bernardo do Campo became an important Brazilian automotive industry pole, and the technological research conducted at FEI was very productive in that area, probably stimulated by the local vocation. Many prototypes were manufactured, as the FEI-X1, an amphibious car, the FEI-X3, a vehicle that differed due to its conception and potency and the vehicles that moved on air mattresses, such as the Máquina de Efeito de Chão MEC (Floor Effect Machine) and the Trem Aerodinâmico Leve de Alta Velocidade TALAV (High-Speed Light Airdynamic Train), powered by airplane engines. Other important technologies for the society were also developed at FEI, such as project to obtain mandioca-derived alcohol, during the oil s world crisis, starting in 1973. That crisis ended up leading to Proalcool, the Brazilian alcohol fuel program, which was practically abandoned and very restricted later. This work analyses some reasons to explain why, after decades of projects and prototype production and the registration of technological innovation patents, none of them was seized in any subsequent industrial production
Este trabalho é um estudo de caso, que abrange a fundação e o desenvolvimento da Faculdade de Engenharia Industrial FEI, em São Bernardo do Campo, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 1946 a 1985, e analisa algumas pesquisas tecnológicas empreendidas nessa instituição. Inicialmente efetua-se um estudo sobre a vida e as obras do fundador da FEI, Padre Roberto Sabóia de Medeiros, S. J., abordando a sua formação, os seus ideais e objetivos e evidenciando a sua ação social, para estabelecer a missão da instituição. Fundada originalmente para ser uma escola de Engenharia Química Industrial (1946), logo a seguir a FEI foi convidada para compor, juntamente com outras faculdades, a Universidade Católica de São Paulo, criada nesse mesmo ano. A transferência do campus da FEI para a cidade de São Bernardo do Campo, onde atualmente funciona, deu-se na década de 1960, quando Lauro Gomes, que era o prefeito daquela cidade, pretendeu incentivar e atrair a instalação de grandes indústrias naquele município e, ao mesmo tempo, garantir-lhes o fornecimento de mão-de-obra qualificada. Com essa finalidade, ele efetuou a doação de uma grande área, de sua propriedade, para a instalação do campus da FEI. A cidade de São Bernardo do Campo tornou-se um importante pólo da indústria automobilística brasileira, e a pesquisa tecnológica realizada na FEI foi bastante produtiva nessa área, provavelmente incentivada pela vocação local. Fabricaram-se vários protótipos, como o FEI-X1, um carro anfíbio, o FEI-X3, um veículo diferenciado pela sua concepção e potência e os veículos que se moviam sobre colchões de ar, como a Máquina de Efeito de Chão MEC e o Trem Aerodinâmico Leve de Alta Velocidade TALAV, impulsionado por turbinas de avião. Outras tecnologias importantes para a sociedade também foram desenvolvidas na FEI, tais como o projeto de obtenção de álcool derivado da mandioca, na época da crise mundial do petróleo, a partir de 1973. Essa crise acabou levando ao Próálcool, programa brasileiro do álcool combustível, que depois foi praticamente abandonado e bastante restrito. Este trabalho analisa alguns motivos pelos quais, após décadas de realização de projetos e produção de protótipos, inclusive com registro de patentes de inovações tecnológicas geradas, nenhuma dessas tenha sido aproveitada em alguma produção industrial subseqüente

Tout comme les récits de déportation politique et raciale, les récits de captivité des prisonniers de guerre français de la Seconde Guerre mondiale présentent un intérêt non négligeable, du point de vue historique, documentaire, idéologique, mais aussi littéraire.
Entre 1940 et 1953, pas moins de 188 récits — témoignages, journaux, romans — furent publiés, qui constituent un corpus riche qui n'a pas été étudié jusqu'à présent. Cette thèse de doctorat entreprend de démêler, à travers l'étude du contexte littéraire et politique de l'époque, les différents enjeux qui gravitent autour de ces récits.

Cette thèse étudie trois compositeurs reliés autour du courant « musiquespectrale » dont les pensées et les oeuvres sont fortement marquées dans un premiertemps par la prise de conscience de la nature « dynamique » du son : Giacinto Scelsi,Gérard Grisey et Kaija Saariaho, trois compositeurs représentant trois périodesdifférentes dans l’histoire du courant spectral. Dans leurs oeuvres et leurs écritsthéoriques, plusieurs questions s’élèvent ou dérivent de la conception « énergétique »du matériau et dépassent le simple cadre de celui-ci : la perception, la forme, le tempsmusical, l’expressivité, le rapport à la tradition, etc. Plus généralement, une questionessentielle se pose : qu’est-ce qui existe au-delà du son, au-delà de l’énergie àl’intérieur du son ?Pour répondre à cette question, cette recherche se base sur des analyses deplusieurs oeuvres de ces trois compositeurs tout en gardant à l’esprit la conceptionadornienne du matériau qui met en cause l’idée « naturaliste » de celui-ci et l’idée du« son » isolé comme auto-suffisant. Plusieurs catégories, comme « médiation »,« articulation », « tradition », « histoire », « culture/nature », entrent en jeu. Ainsi,cette étude est parvenue à mettre en relief trois différentes « esthétiques » qui sedéveloppent à partir d’une base commune de « l’énergie sonore » comme porteuse dela forme musicale — l’esthétique de l’énergie sonore, l’esthétique du processus, etl’esthétique de l’expression, trois esthétiques qui semblent montrer une évolution versune « interpénétration de l’énergétique et de la sémiotique »
This thesis studies three composers connected around the "spectral music" andwhose thoughts and works are strongly marked at first by the awareness of the"dynamic" nature of sound: Giacinto Scelsi, Gérard Grisey and Kaija Saariaho, threecomposers representing three different periods in the history of the spectral current. Intheir works and their theoretical writings, several questions arise or derive from the"energetic" conception of the material and go beyond the framework of the material:perception, form, musical time, expressivity, relation to the tradition, etc. Moregenerally, an essential question arises: what exists beyond the sound, beyond theenergy within the sound?To answer this question, this research analyses several works by the threecomposers while keeping in mind the adornian conception of material whichquestions the "naturalist" idea of material and the idea of an isolated sound as selfsufficient.Several categories, such as "mediation", "articulation", "tradition","history", "culture / nature" come into play. Thus, this study has managed to highlightthree different "aesthetics" that develop from a common base of "sound energy" as thebearer of musical form — the aesthetics of sound energy, the aesthetics of process,and the aesthetics of expression, three aesthetics that seem to show an evolutiontowards an "interpenetration of the energetics and the semiotics"

Defence date: 10 June 1996
Examining board: Prof. Helmut Bester, Free University of Berlin ; Prof. James Dow, EUI ; Prof. Ronald Harstad, Rutgers University New Brunswick ; Prof. Stephen Martin, EUI and University of Copenhagen, Supervisor ; Prof. Louis Phlips, EUI
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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