Academic literature on the topic '(1898 December 10)'

Ключові слова: Російська імперія, українські губернії, законодавство, органи місцевого самоврядування, різнопрофільні сільськогосподарські школи, чоловіча та жіноча освіта, виставки, з’їзди. Анотація На основі широкого кола історичних джерел з використанням методів історико-архівного аналізу, синтезу та аналізу висвітлено роль уряду, громадськості, органів місцевого самоврядування та меценатів у процесі формування мережі різнопрофільних сільськогосподарських закладів освіти в період модернізації українських губерній у межах Російської імперії в другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. Аналіз історіографічної спадщини засвідчує, що наявні праці не в повній мірі розкривають основні аспекти обраної для дослідження проблеми. За результатами проведеного дослідження з’ясовано, які основні чинники впливали на темпи формування мережі сільськогосподарських освітніх закладів для чоловіків та жінок, еволюцію законодавчої бази з даного питання, оцінки громадськості щодо якості та значення знань з підвищення продуктивності тогочасного сільськогосподарського виробництва. Показано роль з’їздів та виставок у поширенні досягнень аграрної сфери серед виробників сільськогосподарської продукції. Приділено увагу маловідомим аспектам обраної теми, які потребують подальшої наукової розробки. Посилання Beketov, 1898 – Beketov V.A. Nizshie selskohozyaystvennyie shkolyi i potrebnosti krestyanskogo chastnovladelcheskogo hozyaystva [Lower agricultural schools and the needs of a private peasant economy]. Vornezh, 1898. 120 s. [in Russian] Bessmertnaya, 2015 – Bessmertnaya L.A. Uchebno-vospitatelnaya rabota v nizshih zhenskih selskohozyaystvennyih shkolah Rossii kontsa ХІХ – nachala ХХ veka [Teaching and educational work in the lower women's agricultural schools in Russia at the end of the ХІХ – beginning of the ХХ century] // Uchenyie zapiski. Elektronnyiy nauchnyiy zhurnal Kurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2015. № 1 (33). URL: http://scientific-notes.ru/#new-number?id=38 [in Russian] Volos, 2003 – Volos O.V. Silskohospodarska prosvitnytska diialnist zemstv Khersonshchyny (kinets ХІХ – pochatok ХХ st.) [Silskogospodarska Educational Activity of the Zemstvos of Kherson Oblast (3rd century - ХІХ century - ear of the ХХ century)] // Derzhavna etnonatsionalna polityka: pravovyi ta kulturolohichnyi aspekty v umovakh Pivdnia Ukrainy: zbirnyk naukovykh prats V Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii, Zaporizhzhia, 2 – 3 zhovtnia 2003 r. Simferopol, 2003. S. 155-158. [in Ukrainian] Voron, 2015 – Voron V.P. Razvitie vneshkolnogo selskohozyaystvennogo prosvescheniya na territorii Ukrainyi vo vtoroy polovine ХІХ – nachale ХХ st. [Development of out-of-school agricultural education on the territory of Ukraine in the second half of the ХІХ - early ХХ century] Izvestiya Gomelskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta imeni F. Skorinyi, 2015. № 4. URL: https://vesti.gsu.by/2015/vesti_gsu_2015_4.pdf [in Russian] Geyduk, 1891 – Geyduk F.I. Nashi nizshie selsko-hozyaystvennyie shkolyi [Our lower agricultural schools]. Odessa, 1891. 88 s. [in Russian] Esikova, 2010 – Esikova M. Selskohozyaystvennoe obrazovanie v Rossii (vtoraya polovina ХІХ v. – 1917 g.) [Agricultural education in Russia (second half of the ХІХ century - 1917)] // Vlast. № 7. S. 150-154. [in Russian] Zemskiy sbornik, 1902 a – Zemskiy sbornik Chernigovskoy gubernii. Dekabr. № 12 [Zemsky collection of the Chernigov province. December. № 12]. Chernigov: Tip. Gubernskogo zemstva, 1902. 256 s. [in Russian] Zemskiy sbornik, 1902 b – Zemskiy sbornik Chernigovskoy gubernii. Oktyabr. № 10 [Zemsky collection of the Chernigov province. October. № 10]. Chernigov: Tip. Gubernskogo zemstva, 1902. 256 s. [in Russian] Kovalenko, 2014 – Kovalenko N.P. Silskohospodarski zꞌizdy ta yikhnia rol u poshyrenni znan pro sivozminy v zemlerobstvi Ukrainy (druha polovyna XIX – pochatok XX stolittia) [Silskogospodarskі zꞌїzdi and їхnya role in the expanded knowledge about the present in the farming of Ukraine (the other half of the ХІХ is the ear of the XX century)]. Zbirnyk naukovykh prats Kyivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu im. T.Shevchenka. Kyiv, 2014. Vyp. 42: Etnichna istoriia narodiv Yevropy. S. 106-112. [in Ukrainian] Kostiuk, 2005 – Kostiuk M.V. Z istorii stanovlennia nyzhchoi silskohospodarskoi osvity na Cherkashchyni [From the history of the formation of the lower social and cultural education in Cherkasy] // Chasopys ukrainskoi istorii. K., 2005. Vyp. 2. S. 32-35. [in Ukrainian] Makarets, 2010 – Makarets S.V. Tekhnolohiia vyroshchuvannia zernovykh kultur u kozatsko-selianskykh hospodarstva Poltavshchyny na rubezhi XIX – XX st. [Makarets The technology of grain crops viroshuvannya at the Cossack-rural government of the Poltava region at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries] // Naukovi pratsi istorychnoho fakultetu natsionalnoho universytetu. 2010. Vyp. 28. S. 98-101. [in Ukrainian] Moskalskiy, 1881 – Moskalskiy N. Selskohozyaystvennyie uchebnyie zavedeniya vedomstva Ministerstva gosudarstvennyih imuschestv [Agricultural educational institutions of the Ministry of State Property]. // Srednie selskohozyaystvennyie zavedeniya. SPb., 1881. Vyip. II. 88 s. [in Russian] Moskalskiy, 1893 – Moskalskiy N.P. Selskohozyaystvennoe obrazovanie [Agricultural education] // Selskoe i lesnoe hazyaystvo Rossii. SPb., 1893. S. 363-390 [in Russian] Nebolskiy, 1884 – Nebolskiy A.G. Istoriko-statisticheskiy ocherk obschego i spetsialnogo obrazovaniya v Rossii [Historical and statistical sketch of general and special education in Russia]. – SPb., 1884. 257 s. [in Russian] Nyzhnyk, 2019 – Nyzhnyk S. Umanske uchylyshche sadivnytstva i zemlerobstva v istorii vitchyznianoi osvity: do 175-richchia zasnuvannia umanskoho natsionalnoho universytetu sadivnytstva [Umansk school of gardening and farming in the history of modern education: until the 175th day of falling asleep at the Uman national university of gardening] // Umanska starovyna. Uman, 2019. Vyp. 6. URL: http://usj.udpu.edu.ua/article/view/186719 [in Ukrainian] Normalnoe Polozhenie, 1883 – Normalnoe Polozhenie o nizshih selskohozyaystvennyih shkolah. Vyisochayshe utverzhdennoe 27 dekabrya 1883 g. [Normal Statute for Lower Agricultural Schools. Highest approved on December 27, 1883] // PSZRI. Sobranie trete. T. 3. 1883. SPb., 1886. 1018 s. [in Russian] O dopuschenii lits, 1913 – O dopuschenii lits zhenskogo pola k sluzhbe po uchebno-vospitatelnoy chasti v selskohozyaystvennyih uchebnyih zavedeniyah. Vyisochayshe utverzhdennyiy odobrennyiy Gosudarstvennyim sovetom i Gosudarstvennoy dumoy zakon 30 iyunya 1913 g. [On the admission of females to the educational service in agricultural educational institutions. The highest approved law approved by the State Council and the State Duma on June 30, 1913] // PSZRI. Sobranie trete. T. 33. Ch.1. SPb., 1913. 1561 s. [in Russian] Obzor, 1898 – Obzor deyatelnosti Ministerstva Zemledeliya i Gosudarstvennyih Imuschestv za 4-y god ego suschestvovaniya (30 marta 1897g. – 30 marta 1898 g.) [Review of the activities of the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property for the 4th year of its existence (March 30, 1897 - March 30, 1898)]. SPb., 1898. 300 s. [in Russian] Polozhenie, 1895 – Polozhenie o selskohozyaystvennoy i promyishlennoy vyistavke, ustraivaemoy Kievskim obschestvom selskogo hozyaystva i selskohozyaystvennoy promyishlennosti v Kieve v 1898 [Regulations on the agricultural and industrial exhibition organized by the Kiev Society of Agriculture and Agricultural Industry in Kiev in 1898]. g. Kiev, 1895. 8 s. [in Russian] Polozhenie, 1900 – Polozhenie o selskohozyaystvennyih remeslennyih uchebnyih masterskih. Vyisochayshe utverzhdennoe 10 marta 1897 g. [Regulation on agricultural craft training workshops. Highest approved on March 10, 1897] // PSZRI. Sobranie trete. T. XVII. 1897. SPb., 1900. 1562 s. [in Russian] Polozhenie, 1904 – Polozhenie o selskohozyaystvennom obrazovanii. Vyisochayshe utverzhdennoe 26 maya 1904 goda [Regulation on agricultural education. Highest approved on May 26, 1904]. // PSZRI. Sobranie trete. T. XXIV, 1904. SPb., 1907. 1257 s. [in Russian] Pravila, 1898 – Pravila dlya uchenits i slushatelnits Zozulinskoy zhenskoy prakticheskoy shkolyi [Rules for pupils and students of the Zozulinskaya women's practical school] // Sbornik svedeniy po selskohozyaystvennomu obrazovaniyu. Vyip. 1. Zhenskoe obrazovanie. SPb., 1898. S. 179-188. [in Russian] Sbornik, 1900 – Sbornik svedeniy po selskohozyaystvennomu obrazovaniyu [Collection of information on agricultural education]. Vyip. IV. Selskohozyaystvennyie uchebnyie zavedeniya po svedeniyam k 1 yanvarya 1898 goda. SPb., 1900. 195 s. [in Russian] Sbornik, 1910 – Sbornik svedeniy po selskohozyaystvennomu obrazovaniyu [Collection of information on agricultural education]. Selskohozyaystvennyie uchebnyie zavedeniya v 1910 godu. SPb. Vyip. XVI, 1910. 188 s. [in Russian] Sorokina, 2019 – Sorokina T.A. Stanovlenie seti nizshih selskohozyaystvennyih shkol v Kurskoy gubernii v kontse ХІХ – nachale ХХ veka [Formation of a network of lower agricultural schools in the Kursk province in the late ХІХ - early ХХ centuries] // Uchenyie zapiski. Elektronnyiy nauchnyiy zhurnal Kurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2019. № 2 (50). T. 1. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/stanovlenie-seti-nizshihselskohozyaystvennyh-shkol-v-kurskoy-gubernii-v-kontse-xix-nachale-xx-veka/viewer [in Russian] Terletska, 2013 – Terletska U.I. Poshyrennia silskohospodarskykh znan za dopomohoiu chytan i besid u Chernihivskii hubernii naprykintsi ХІХ – na pochatku ХХ stolittia [Expansion of the Silk-dweller's knowledge for additional reading and conversation in the Chernigiv province for example in the XIX - on the ear of the XX century] // Visnyk Chernihivskoho natsionalnoho pedahohichnoho universytetu, 2013. Vyp. 110. Pedahohichni nauky. S. 102-104. [in Ukrainian] Tretyakov, 2017 – Tretyakov A.V. Obrazovatelnoe selskohozyaystvennoe zakonodatelstvo poreformennoy Rossii – rezultat reform 60 – 70-h godov ХІХ v. [The educational agricultural legislation of post-reform Russia is the result of the reforms of the 60s - 70s of the ХІХ century] // Bereginya. 777. Sova: obschestvo, politika, ekonomika. № 4 (35). S. 18-26. [in Russian] Trudyi, 1879 – Trudyi komissii po sostavleniyu proekta (Polozheniya o Nizshih selskohozyaystvennyih shkolah) [Proceedings of the Drafting Commission (Provisions on Lower Agricultural Schools]. SPb, 1879. 160 s. [in Russian]

ObjectiveTo determine research priorities for the management of broken bones of the upper limb in people over 50, which represent the shared priorities of patients, their families, carers and healthcare professionals.Design/settingA national (UK) research priority setting partnership.ParticipantsPeople aged 50 and over who have experienced a fracture of the upper limb, carers involved in their care, family and friends of patients, healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of these patients.MethodsUsing a multiphase methodology in partnership with the James Lind Alliance over 15 months (September 2017 to December 2018), a national scoping survey asked respondents to submit their research uncertainties. These were amalgamated into a smaller number of research questions. The existing evidence was searched to ensure that the questions had not already been answered. A second national survey asked respondents to prioritise the research questions. A final shortlist of 25 questions was taken to a multi-stakeholder workshop where a consensus was reached on the top 10 priorities.ResultsThere were 1898 original uncertainties submitted by 328 respondents to the first survey. These original uncertainties were refined into 51 research questions of which 50 were judged to be true uncertainties following a review of the research evidence. There were 209 respondents to the second (interim prioritisation) survey. The top 10 priorities encompass a broad range of uncertainties in management and rehabilitation of upper limb fractures.ConclusionsThe top 10 UK research priorities highlight uncertainties in how we assess outcomes, provide information, achieve pain control, rationalise surgical intervention, optimise rehabilitation and provide psychological support. The breadth of these research areas highlights the value of this methodology. This work should help to steer research in this area for the next 5–10 years and the challenge for researchers now is to refine and deliver answers to these research priorities.

The Swiss Civil Code (Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch – ZGB) came into being on 1 January 1912 culminating the series of so called great civil codifications of continental Europe. The vast experience in the codification work within the Roman legal culture allowed the editors of the ZGB, and its author, Eugen Huber in particular, to create a truly original work that perfectly combined long legal traditions of individual Swiss cantons with the requirements of contemporary expectations, the ideas of individualism with those of social solidarity, the liberal slogans with the policy of interventionism, and the letter of law with the principles of equity and the canons of ethics. The staring point for the Swiss Civil Code was a draft authored by W. Munziger, which referred to the Zurich Code Civil, the German commercial code, the Austrian ABGB of 1861 and the Dresdener law of obligations of 1866. Another important stage was the initiative of the Swiss Juristenverein which in 1884 proposed a comparative study of all cantonal private law systems. The results of that study were to serve as a basis for the future nationwide unification of the legal system. Between 1893 and 1898 Eugen Huber developed three preliminary drafts, covering family law, succession law and rights in property. In 1900 they were published as a government project and put forward for a public discussion carried out by a 31-member expert group, with wide participation of individual citizens and interest groups. Eventually, on 10 December, the project was unanimously adopted as Schweizerisches Zivilgesetzbuch, Codice civile svizzero (ZGB) to come into force and be binding as of 1 January 1912. Among the many states drat drew on the Swiss Civil Code when drafting their own codes were Lichtenstein, Austria, Hungary, Greece, Italy and Turkey. In the latter, the ZGB was adopted as part of the reforms under Kamal Atatürk. The Swiss codification was highly valued by the civil lawyers in the Second Polish Republic.

An outstanding surgeon, scientist, teacher and organizer of healthcare, academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences (1945), Honored Scientist of the RSFSR (1934), founder of the largest surgical school in Siberia, Professor Vladimir Mikhailovich Mysh was born on January 4 (16), 1873 in St. Petersburg in the family of a lawyer. He received his secondary education in a classical gymnasium and entered the Imperial Military Medical Academy, which he graduated in 1895 with honors and was left for three years to improve at the Department of Surgery under the guidance of Professor N. A. Velyaminov. In 1898, V. M. Mysh defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic: «Herniae vaginales ingvinales in childhood» and was assigned to Kaluga, where he worked as the head of the Surgical Department in a Military hospital. In 1901, he was elected by competition to the position of professor of the Department of General Surgery with Desmurgy and the study of dislocations and fractures at the Medical Faculty of Tomsk University. In 1909, V. M. Mysh became the head of the Department of Faculty Surgery of Tomsk University, which he headed until 1931, and in 1922, he concurrently headed the Department of Urology created by him. He was the first in Russia and the third in the world to perform radical surgery for alveolar echinococcosis of the liver. In 1931, Vladimir Mikhailovich together with the staff of Tomsk State Medical University moved to Novosibirsk, where he continued to head the Department of Surgery, and in 1935, took an active part in the opening of Novosibirsk Medical Institute and the creation of the Department of Faculty Surgery in it. V. M. Mysh initiated the introduction of specialized urological care in Siberia and made a very great contribution to the development of neurosurgery. Academician V. M. Mysh created the largest surgical school in Siberia, from which famous professors came out: V. S. Levit, G. M. Mukhadze, M. S. Rabinovich, S. L. Schneider, B. I. Fuchs, K. N. Cherepnin, A. G. Savinykh, V. M. Galkin. Vladimir Mikhailovich was the author and co-author of 136 scientific papers, including 11 monographs and manuals on abdominal and thoracic surgery, oncology, urology, neurosurgery, diseases of bones and joints, general and plastic surgery. He was awarded two Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, medals «For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945», «For Labor Valor». Academician V. M. Mysh died on December 31, 1947 and was buried at the Zaeltsovsky Cemetery in Novosibirsk. The surgical clinic of the State Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors and the Department of Faculty Surgery of NSMU were named after V. M. Mysh. He was listed in the gallery of Honorary Professors of the Novosibirsk State Medical Academy.

Abstract. The "Unknown" eruption of 1808/1809 was the second most explosive SO2-rich volcanic eruption in the last two centuries, only eclipsed by the cataclysmic VEI 7 Tambora eruption in April 1815. However, no eyewitness accounts of the event, and therefore its location, or the atmospheric optical effects associated with its aerosols have been documented from historical records. Here we report on two meteorological observations dating from the end of 1808 that describe phenomena we attribute to volcanic-induced atmospheric effects caused by the Unknown eruption. The observations were made by two highly respected Latin American scientists. The first, Francisco José de Caldas, describes a stratospheric aerosol haze, a "transparent cloud that obstructs the sun's brilliance", that was visible over the city of Bogotá, Colombia, from 11 December 1808 to at least mid-February 1809. The second, made by physician José Hipólito Unanue in Lima, Peru, describes sunset after-glows (akin to well-documented examples known to be caused by stratospheric volcanic aerosols) from mid-December 1808 to February 1809. These two accounts provide direct evidence of a persistent stratospheric aerosol veil that spanned at least 2600 km into both Northern and Southern Hemispheres and establish that the source was a tropical volcano. Moreover, these observations confirm that the Unknown eruption, previously identified and tentatively assigned to February 1809 (±4 months) from analysis of ice core sulphate records, occurred in late November or early December 1808 (4 December 1808 ± 7 days). This date has important implications for the associated hemispheric climate impacts and temporal pattern of aerosol dispersal.

Abstract. The Unknown eruption of 1808/1809 was the second most explosive SO2-rich volcanic eruption in the last two centuries, eclipsed only by the cataclysmic VEI 7 Tambora eruption in April 1815. However, no eyewitness accounts of the event, and therefore its location, or the atmospheric optical effects associated with its aerosols have been documented from historical records. Here we report on two meteorological observations dating from the end of 1808 that describe phenomena we attribute to volcanic-induced atmospheric effects caused by the Unknown eruption. The observations were made by two highly respected Latin American scientists. The first, Francisco José de Caldas, describes a stratospheric aerosol haze, a "transparent cloud that obstructs the sun's brilliance", that was visible over the city of Bogotá, Colombia, from 11 December 1808 to at least mid-February 1809. The second, made by physician José Hipólito Unanue in Lima, Peru, describes sunset after-glows (akin to well-documented examples known to be caused by stratospheric volcanic aerosols) from mid-December 1808 to February 1809. These two accounts provide direct evidence of a persistent stratospheric aerosol veil that spanned at least 2600 km into both Northern and Southern Hemispheres and establish that the source was a tropical volcano. Moreover, these observations confirm that the Unknown eruption, previously identified and tentatively assigned to February 1809 (±4 months) from analysis of ice core sulfate records, occurred in late November or early December 1808 (4 December 1808 ±7 days). This date has important implications for the associated hemispheric climate impacts and temporal pattern of aerosol dispersal.

Brse demonstrated a new vaginal electrode that he made for such electrical applications where one wishes to take advantage of the pole-to-pole current. The electrode consists of a clay cylinder with a circumference of 9 cm, which is inserted into the vagina in exactly the same way as a tubular mirror. In this clay cylinder is placed a metal cylinder, equipped with numerous holes, which has a screw at its outer end to strengthen the conductor. After the introduction of the clay cylinder, a metal cylinder is inserted into the vagina, and the clay tube is filled with warm water. The wet clay cylinder is an excellent conductor of current and replaces the skin electrode made from a sponge. If this cylinder is inserted into the vagina for a length of 8-10 cm, then with a circumference of 9 cm, it will correspond to a flat electrode of 72-90 sq. Cm. This electrode is intended for use where one wants to concentrate the current density in more than one place of the vagina. but evenly distribute the current over the pelvic organs. It is used more where, when using strong galvanic currents, they want to avoid the cauterizing effect on the vaginal mucosa, which easily occurs when spherical electrodes are used, despite being wrapped in cotton wool. Finally, it is used where one wants to obtain an interpolar (so-called catalytic) effect. The patient, when using this electrode, tolerates perfectly well currents of 80-100 MA, while cauterization of the vaginal mucosa is not obtained.

In July 1994 I was approached by The Royal Society asking whether I would be willing to help in putting together a biographical memoir for Dr Dorothy Moyle Needham, who died in December 1987. For a variety of reasons, the Fellow of The Royal Society who originally undertook to write the memoir had been unable to deliver it before his death. After responding that I would be happy to assist, I was informed that I would, no doubt, be contacted by the writer who undertook to complete the task. As it turned out, I heard nothing more and, while occasionally wondering at the unusual delay in the publication of the memoir, I left it at that. That is, until in the spring of 2000 when I noticed that there was still no memoir on ‘Dophi’, as she was known to friends and colleagues. I found this very strange in view of the fact that almost 111/2 years had elapsed since her death and that she was among the first 10 elected female Fellows of The Royal Society. After some hesitation, I wrote on 7 May 2000 to The Lord Lewis of Newnham FRS (then Warden of Robinson College, Cambridge), alerting him to the situation. He was more than surprised and, following his enquiries, in July 2000 I became the third author invited to prepare Dr D.M. Needhams biographical memoir. As in private duty bound, I accepted the invitation, although not without anxiety over predicaments perceived beforehand. For one thing, though I had been collaborating with Dorothy Needham since 1972, the subject was history of biochemistry. Usually a biographical memoir is prepared by a person acquainted at first hand with the experimental/theoretical features of the work of the deceased Fellow. For another thing, I realized that I would be able to work on the memoir only intermittently because of other commitments, including prolonged stays abroad. All this has something to do with the delay in preparing this memoir, including the format.

The goal of the study is to clarify the chronological framework of the so called Sakhalin period of Chekhov’s biography. The analysis of the creation of “The Teacher of Literature” is conducted to achieve it. The fate of the story “The Teacher of Literature” appears to be somewhat confused: the writer adds together “The Philistines” (“Novoe Vremja”, November 28, 1889) and “The Teacher of Literature” (“Russkie Vedomosti”, July 10, 1894). Chekhov used to avoid reiteration in his publications; thus, he dismissed the first title, and the story first appeared in the collection “Novellas and Stories” (the beginning of December, 1894) under the title “The Teacher of Literature”. As if following the writer’s will “The Philistines” was not included into volume 7 of the Completed Works of Chekhov (1974-1982) thus creating the gap effect. Having rejected the dramatic ending of “The Philistines”, Chekhov seemed to have restored it later when writing “The Teacher of Literature”, which originally constituted the second chapter of the modern story. Taking into consideration the ending of “The Philistines” postponed for five years, the story itself can be regarded as a fact of the writer’s biography against the background of the epistolary evidence and can reveal the writer’s mood before his trip to Sakhalin Island. Thus, the speculations over the story’s ideas can be related to the issue concerning the genre of the book “Sakhalin Island”.

Abstract Background Patients with IBD have increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC), with poorer survival, compared to those without IBD. Despite surveillance colonoscopy, IBD post-colonoscopy CRC (PCCRC) rates are unacceptably high at 28-45%. We define surveillance colonoscopy quality, IBD-dysplasia and IBD-CRC prevalence, IBD-CRC characteristics, and IBD PCCRC rates at a tertiary IBD centre. Methods The GI Reporting Tool (Unisoft Medical Systems) was searched for IBD surveillance colonoscopy reports from April 2008–December 2018. Electronic medical records were reviewed. IBD phenotype and diagnosis date was confirmed on the Lothian IBD Registry. Follow-up was until September 2022. Results 1892 colonoscopies from 1262 patients were included. Median follow-up was 7.1 (4.4, 9.5) years. 885/1262 (70.1%) had UC, 344/1262 (27.3%) had Crohn’s, and 33/1262 (2.6%) had IBD-U. Median disease duration at colonoscopy was 16.8 (11, 24.6) years. 1825/1892 (96.5%) colonoscopies achieved caecal intubation, 1735/1840 (94.3%) adhered to biopsy guidelines and 704/1892 (37%) used chromoendoscopy. Histological inflammation was identified in 873/1823 (47.9%) cases; 57.2% in the right colon. Bowel preparation was poor in 194/1892 (10.3%) procedures and the most documented reason for not performing chromoendoscopy. Poor bowel preparation was associated with 23/60 (38.3%) poorly tolerated and 29/52 (55.8%) incomplete colonoscopies. Moviprep was superior to Picolax (p<0.001). GI physicians were more likely to use chromoendoscopy (p<0.001), biopsy per guideline (p<0.001), and identify dysplasia (p=0.012) compared to surgical colleagues. Dysplasia was identified in 145/1892 (7.7%) colonoscopies: 84/1892 (4.4%) sporadic, 22/1892 (1.2%) IBD-associated, and 39/1892 (2.1%) unspecified. IBD-CRC is rare, at 0.8 cases per 1000 patient years. Within the study period, 20/1262 (1.6%) patients had CRC diagnosed. 17/20 (85%) had UC and 3/20 (15%) had Crohn’s. 15/17 (88%) UC patients had E3 disease. 11/20 (55%) presented with lymph node or distant metastasis. 8/20 (40%) tumours had mucinous differentiation; only 1/15 (6.7%) was well differentiated. IBD-CRC patients had longer disease duration (28.3 (19.7, 37.8) years) compared to patients without CRC (22.25 (16.42, 29.85) years) at follow-up (p=0.028). The 3-year PCCRC rate was 15%. Conclusion IBD-CRC is rare however IBD PCCRC rates are unacceptably high. While this may reflect disease biology, a new approach to IBD surveillance is urgently needed. Interventions could include dedicated IBD surveillance lists, patient education around bowel preparation, and pre-screening for inflammation (e.g. faecal calprotectin). Cancer registry database linkage is now essential for us to identify IBD-CRC cases not identified by surveillance.

Abstract In 1898, with the conclusion of what U.S. Ambassador to Britain John Hay called “a splendid little war;’ the American people basked-and reveled-in the resounding victory over Spain, in the wondrous glories of an emerging empire, in the triumphant applause for a vibrant New World democracy. The idea of Manifest Destiny, of American chauvinism and expansion, surely held sway. On July 7, 1898, President McKinley signed a measure that annexed the Hawaiian Islands, thereby extending American civilization and influence into the Pacific. Then, by the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898, the United States acquired even more territory. Spain agreed to relinquish Cuba, to cede Puerto Rico and an island in the Ladrones (ultimately Guam) to the United States, and to allow the Americans to occupy “the city, bay, and harbor of Manila” until some final disposition of the Philippines could be decided. And on February 6,1899, with the treaty ratified by the Senate, the United States officially became a world power. Hence, such key words as auty” and aestiny” seemed to characterize, to be emblematic 0£ American foreign policy, with the unfurling of “Old Glory” over foreign lands signifying an extension of democracy.

Abstract On December 10, 1898, the New York Times reported the arrest of two women in Siegel-Cooper, a large Sixth Avenue department store. Mrs. Sarah Raymond, wife of the manager of a safe deposit company, was charged by store detective George Bernard with stealing a bottle of perfume valued at one dollar. Mrs. Laura Swift, wife of a minister, was charged with stealing an umbrella and several other small articles valued at seven dollars. Mrs. Swift, Bernard testified, had hidden the umbrella in the folds of her skirt “when one of the clerks was not looking.”1 Described by the Times reporter as “well-dressed,” of “unblemished reputation,” “dutiful wife and mother,” the two women were each arraigned and released by the court when Siegel-Cooper dropped the com plaints. Only two of many similar incidents that Christmas sea son, the Sarah Raymond and Laura Swift episodes encapsulate the drama of ladies who went a-thieving in the late nineteenth century. Solidly middle class, if not necessarily well-to-do, and obviously respectable, these women entered the great dry-goods bazaars to shop and became enmeshed in a consumer world of seemingly unlimited dimensions. That they became shoplifters demonstrates the difficulties faced both by middle-class women and by Victorian society in the face of fundamental cultural and economic change.

Background: Cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a tumor-associated mucin glycoprotein antigen that may be elevated in healthy individuals as well as in patients with benign and malignant tumors. It is useful in the management of pancreatic and other gastrointestinal tumors. CA 19-9 is also elevated in benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Aim: To study the pattern of serum CA 19-9 in complex ovarian tumors. Methods: The study design was descriptive, based on data collected from medical records. Patients with a complex ovarian mass, who were investigated with CA 19-9 and had undergone surgery, were included in the study. The study duration was 2 years from January 2014 to December 2015. A total of 273 patients (119 benign and 154 malignant) with complex ovarian mass and elevated CA 19-9 underwent surgery during the study period. Results: CA 19-9 was elevated in 55 patients (20%). Of these, 23 patients had benign tumors while 32 had malignant tumors. Among patients with benign tumors, 21 had dermoid, 23 had mucinous tumors and 75 had other types of tumors. CA 19-9 was elevated in 10 (47.6%) of the dermoids, 7 (30.4%) of the mucinous tumors and 6 (8%) of the other benign tumors. Among patients with malignant tumors, 138 were epithelial and 16 were non epithelial tumors. Of the epithelial tumors, 31 were mucinous and 107 were nonmucinous types. Overall, 29 (21%) had elevated CA 19-9. Of the epithelial tumors, 22.6% of the mucinous type and 20.6% of the non mucinous type had elevated CA 19-9. Among the non-epithelial tumors, 3 (18.8%) had elevated CA19-9. Conclusion: CA 19-9 is elevated in several conditions but most likely to be raised in dermoid cysts and mucinous tumours. CA19-9 levels need to be interpreted along with clinical and radiological findings.

Background: Cancer antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is a tumor-associated mucin glycoprotein antigen that may be elevated in healthy individuals as well as in patients with benign and malignant tumors. It is useful in the management of pancreatic and other gastrointestinal tumors. CA 19-9 is also elevated in benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Aim: To study the pattern of serum CA19-9 in complex ovarian tumors. Methods: The study design was descriptive, based on data collected from medical records. Patients with a complex ovarian mass, who were investigated with CA 19-9 and had undergone surgery, wereincluded in the study. The study duration was 2 years from January 2014 to December 2015. A total of 273 patients (119 - benign and 154 malignant) with complex ovarian mass and elevated CA 19-9 underwent surgery during the study period. Results: CA 19-9 was elevated in 55 patients (20%). Of these, 23 patients had benign tumors while 32 had malignant tumors.Among patients with benign tumors, 21 had dermoid, 23 had mucinous tumors and 75 had other types of tumors. CA 19-9 was elevated in 10 (47.6%) of the dermoids, 7 (30.4%) of the mucinous tumors and 6 (8%) of the other benign tumors. Among patients with malignant tumors, 138 were epithelial and 16 were non epithelial tumors. Of the epithelial tumors, 31 were mucinous and 107 were non mucinous types. Overall, 29 (21%) had elevated CA 19-9. Of the epithelial tumors, 22.6% of the mucinous type and 20.6% of the non mucinous type had elevated CA 19-9. Among the non-epithelial tumors, 3 (18.8%) had elevated CA19-9. Conclusion: CA 19-9 is elevated in several conditions but most likely to be raised in dermoid cysts and mucinous tumours. CA19-9 levels need to be interpreted along with clinical and radiological findings.