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Journal articles on the topic '1897-1918'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Bachmann, Jesse. "The Imperial German Navy, 1897 - 1918: Negotiating the nation." Arbutus Review 7, no. 1 (August 8, 2016): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/tar71201615688.

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<p class="p1">This article seeks to analyze the linkages between the Imperial German Navy and Germany’s domestic sphere from the years 1897 to 1918. Prior scholarship has suggested that the expansion of the Imperial German Navy, beginning in 1897, was strongly caused by internal domestic factors. This article disagrees with this assertion, pointing out how international concerns were the main motivating factor. Nonetheless, the paper does accept the general premise that the navy played a strong role in Germany’s domestic sphere. To this end, this article analyzes how, prior to World War One, the navy was built into a national symbol aimed at overcoming the German empire’s regional particularities. This article then bridges a gap in existing scholarship by linking the pre-war symbolic importance of the navy to its experience during the war and the naval revolts that occurred in 1918. In particular, this article argues that the national idea codified in the navy prior to the war was then challenged by the navy’s generally poor experience during the First World War. This contributed to the naval revolts of 1918 which caused a reevaluation of the German nation and toppled the empire.</p>

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2

Klausnitzer, Bernhard. "Redeskription von Prionoscirtes reliquus Champion, 1918 (Coleoptera, Scirtidae) (161. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scirtidae)." Beiträge zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 61, no. 2 (November 10, 2011): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/contrib.entomol.61.2.271-275.

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Die Beschreibung von Prionoscirtes reliquus Champion, 1918 wird durch Merkmale der Sternite und Tergite des 7. bis 9. Abdominalsegments sowie des Tegmen und Penis ergänzt. Ein Katalog der Gattung Prionoscirtes Champion, 1897 wird gegeben.

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3

Benthien, Rafael Faraco. "Les durkheimiens et le Collège de France (1897-1918)." Revue européenne des sciences sociales, no. 53-2 (November 15, 2015): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/ress.3345.

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4

Friedewald, Michael. "The Beginnings of Radio Communication in Germany, 1897–1918." Journal of Radio Studies 7, no. 2 (November 2000): 441–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15506843jrs0702_15.

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5

Wrobel, Andrzej, Malgorzata Korzeniowska, Agnieszka Polak, Marcin Szczygiel, and Rafal Wrobel. "The history of pharmacy in Adamów." Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 29, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cipms-2016-0016.

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AbstractThis is one of a series of articles about pharmacists in Lublin district, in the 19th and 20th c. The first recorded owner of the pharmacy in Adamów was Aleksander Biernacki (1851-1897), who passed it onto his son-in-law, Aleksander Rogoziński (1873-1941), and who, in turn, passed it onto his son, Stanisław Rogoziński (1913-1998), married to Tatiana (1918-1998). This family's history is an example of the history of Polish intelligentsia in the second half of 19th c., in the times of the Russian partition, World War I, 1918-1939, World War II and until contemporary times.

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6

Vandeweyer, Luc. "Een “houthakker” moet naar huis. Ward Hermans schrijft zijn familie na 11 november 1918." WT. Tijdschrift over de geschiedenis van de Vlaamse beweging 66, no. 4 (January 1, 2007): 353–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/wt.v66i4.12570.

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De zogenaamde 'Houthakkers van de Orne' waren enkele Vlaamsgezinde frontsoldaten die in 1918 van het oorlogsfront werden verwijderd en naar een (houthakkers)kamp in Normandië werden gezonden. Zij werden pas enkele maanden nà de wapenstilstand van 11 november 1918 gedemilitariseerd. Binnen de Vlaamse beweging werden zij aanzien als martelaren-van-de-goede-zaak, die uitgerekend omwille van hun Vlaamse idealen tot zware arbeid in Franse strafkampen werden verplicht. Het mythische symbool van de 'Vlaamse houthakkers' was het radicaal lid van de Frontbeweging Ward Hermans (1897-1992): mede door zijn bekendheid terzake, werd hij VNV-parlementslid; hij legde daarbij als radicale flamingant een betwist parcours af. Luc Vandeweyer onderzoekt in de bronnenpublicatie van de brieven die Hermans na 11 november 1918 richtte aan zijn familie in Turnhout, Een "houthakker" moet naar huis, het waarheidsgehalte van het slachtofferbeeld dat Hermans’ loopbaan steeds heeft vergezeld als een aureool.________A 'houthakker' needs to go homeThe so-called 'Lumbermen of the Orne' consisted of a number of pro-Flemish frontline soldiers who had been removed from the war front in 1918 to be sent to a (lumbermen’s) camp in Normandy. They were not demilitarized until a few months after the armistice of 11 November 1918. Within the Flemish movement they were regarded as martyrs of the good cause, who – specifically because of their Flemish ideals – had been made to do forced labour in French prison camps. Ward Hermans (1897-1992), the radical member of the Front Movement, was the mythical symbol of the ‘Flemish Lumbermen’: in part because of the reputation he derived from this, he became a VNV-(Flemish National Union) member of Parliament; as a radical supporter of the Flemish movement he thus followed a questionable path. In the source publication of the letters Hermans sent to his family in Turnhout after 11 November 1918, A ‘houthakker’ needs to go home, Luc Vandeweyer investigates the truthfulness of the image of martyrdom that always clung to Hermans’ career like a halo.

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7

Borysiuk, Mateusz. "Bund na terenie powiatu radzyńskiego w latach 1897-1939." Studia Żydowskie. Almanach 10, no. 9-10 (December 31, 2020): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/sz.687.

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Artykuł opisuje działalność Bundu w latach 1897-1939 na terenie powiatu radzyńskiego. Pierwsza część artykułu przedstawia najważniejsze zagadnienia związane z działalnością Bundu przed 1918 r., w tym charakterystyczną dla tego okresu działalność strajkową. Dalsza część artykułu opisuje specyfikę działalności Bundu w okresie międzywojennym, w tym działalność Bundu w miejskich instytucjach samorządowych oraz w gminach żydowskich. Pokazuje także wpływ Bundu na instytucje kulturalno-oświatowe i organizacje młodzieżowe. Ostatnia część artykułu to opis działalności Bundu podczas uroczystości i demonstracji robotniczych.

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8

Newman, Michael. "The Workers’ Movement and the National Question in Ukraine, 1897–1918." Critique 49, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2021): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03017605.2021.2003977.

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9

Izabela, Krasińska. "TRAINING FEMALE DOMESTIC SERVANTS IN THE LIGHT OF «THE FRIEND OF SERVANTS» (IN PERIOD OF 1897 – 1918)." Human Studies: a collection of scientific articles of the Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University. Series of “Pedagogy” 4/36 (April 26, 2017): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2313-2094.4/36.98588.

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10

Rix, Michael G., Robert J. Raven, Barbara Y. Main, Sophie E. Harrison, Andrew D. Austin, Steven J. B. Cooper, and Mark S. Harvey. "The Australasian spiny trapdoor spiders of the family Idiopidae (Mygalomorphae : Arbanitinae): a relimitation and revision at the generic level." Invertebrate Systematics 31, no. 5 (2017): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is16065.

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The Australasian spiny trapdoor spiders of the family Idiopidae (subfamily Arbanitinae) are revised at the generic level, using a multi-locus molecular phylogenetic foundation and comprehensive sampling of all known lineages. We propose a new family- and genus-group classification for the monophyletic Australasian fauna, and recognise 10 genera in four tribes. The Arbanitini Simon includes Arbanitis L. Koch, 1874 (61 species), Blakistonia Hogg, 1902 (one species) and Cantuaria Hogg, 1902 (43 species). The Aganippini Simon includes Bungulla Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, gen. nov. (two species), Eucanippe Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, gen. nov. (one species), Eucyrtops Pocock, 1897 (two species), Gaius Rainbow, 1914 (one species) and Idiosoma Ausserer, 1871 (14 species). The Cataxiini Rainbow and Euoplini Rainbow include just Cataxia Rainbow, 1914 (11 species) and Euoplos Rainbow, 1914 (12 species), respectively. Two distinctive new genera of Aganippini are described from Western Australia, and several previously valid genera are recognised as junior synonyms of existing genus-group names, including Misgolas Karsch, 1878 (= Arbanitis; new synonymy), Aganippe O. P.-Cambridge, 1877 (= Idiosoma; new synonymy) and Anidiops Pocock, 1897 (= Idiosoma; new synonymy). Gaius stat. rev. is further removed from synonymy of Anidiops. Other previously hypothesised generic synonyms are supported by both morphology and molecular phylogenetic data from 12 genes, including the synonymy of Neohomogona Main, 1985 and Homogona Rainbow, 1914 with Cataxia, and the synonymy of Albaniana Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918, Armadalia Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918, Bancroftiana Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 and Tambouriniana Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 with Euoplos. At the species level, the identifications of Eucy. latior (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877) and I. manstridgei (Pocock, 1897) are clarified, and three new species are described: Bungulla bertmaini Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, sp. nov., Eucanippe bifida Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, sp. nov. and Idiosoma galeosomoides Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, sp. nov., the latter remarkable for its phragmotic abdominal morphology. The Tasmanian species Mygale annulipes C. L. Koch, 1842 is here transferred to the genus Stanwellia Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 (family Nemesiidae), comb. nov., Arbanitis mestoni Hickman, 1928 is transferred to Cantuaria, comb. nov. and Idiosoma hirsutum Main, 1952 is synonymised with I. sigillatum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1870), new synonymy. In addition to the morphological synopses and an illustrated key to genera, molecular diagnoses are presented for all nominal taxa, along with live habitus and burrow images to assist in field identification. The Australasian idiopid fauna is highly diverse, with numerous new species known from all genera. As a result, this study provides a taxonomic and nomenclatural foundation for future species-level analyses, and a single reference point for the monographic documentation of a remarkable fauna. http://zoobank.org/?lsid=urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:BACE065D-1EF9-40C6-9134-AADC9235FAD8

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Poryadin, V. T. "Treatment of patients with deforming polyarthritis and spondyloarthritis with bee venom." Kazan medical journal 43, no. 4 (November 16, 2021): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj87243.

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In the last century, Russian doctors M.I.Lukomsky (1864) and I.V. Lyubarsky (1897), as well as many foreign authors, wrote about the therapeutic use of bee venom. Somewhat later, bee venom was widely used by Altshuller in Austria, Gel in America, Jarden in France. In the USSR, bee venom has been used in medical practice since 1918 by F.P. Gaidar, who used it for rheumatism, diseases of the peripheral nervous system, arteriosis, receiving positive results.

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12

Congdon, Lee. "Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna: Christian Socialism in Power, 1897–1918." History: Reviews of New Books 24, no. 3 (April 1996): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1996.9951316.

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13

Da Silva, Cristina Ennes. "O "Comércio Volante" em Porto Alegre: ações, reações e negociações possíveis (1897-1918)." Anos 90 14, no. 26 (December 17, 2007): 159–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1983-201x.5395.

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Em Porto Alegre, desde o período colonial era realizada uma série de atividades relacionadas ao setor terciário da economia, que se caracterizavam pelo caráter ambulante necessário para sua realização. Nas décadas finais do século XIX e primeiras do século XX, essas foram agrupadas pelos órgãos oficiais e enquadradas, para fins de tributação, nos projetos de orçamento municipal com a designação de "Comércio Volante". Devido à necessidade de transformação do meio urbano com fins de adequação ao modelo capitalista, foram percebidas como empecilho e passaram a sofrer uma série de imposições quanto à sua realização. Assim, neste artigo, destacamos os principais problemas que atingiram, de diferentes formas, as atividades do "Comércio Volante" durante os anos de 1897 a 1918.

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14

Benito Mundet, María Helena, Jaume Portella Comas, and Jaume Portella Comas. "Del comercio a la industria harinera: La sociedad Vilaplana, Ensesa y Cía en la fábrica de Campdorà." De Computis - Revista Española de Historia de la Contabilidad 10, no. 19 (December 31, 2013): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.26784/issn.1886-1881.v10i19.61.

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La sociedad Vilaplana, Ensesa y Cia (1893-1897) emprendió la fabricación de harinas mediante el arriendo de un molino que había sido reformado al sistema austrohúngaro en Campdorà, cerca de Girona. Fue una empresa pequeña y de corta duración, pero con tan buenos resultados económicos y financieros que en la experiencia se fraguó la creación posterior de las mayores fábricas gerundenses de harinas por el sistema moderno: Vilaplana y Teixidor (1897-1906) y la Harinera Teixidor, en Campdorà (con fábrica propia en Girona desde 1912), la Harinera La Montserrat, de José Ensesa y Cia, en Girona (1898), y además la Harinera LaAsunción, de Joan Vilaplana, en el Poblenou de Barcelona (1918). Basada en los libros Diarios, que nos descubren un sistema de información contable muy completo y funcional para gestionar una industria harinera, la investigación permite reconstruir los balances y las cuentas de resultados, así como documentar el desarrollo de sus actividades.

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15

HARKAI VASS, Éva. "HÁBORÚ, KÖZÉRZET, ÉLETVITEL." Hungarológiai Közlemények 19, no. 4 (January 28, 2019): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/hk.2018.4.88-97.

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Csáth Géza 1897-től 1919-ig, halálának évéig írt naplót és naplószerű feljegyzéseket. Ennek teljes szöveganyaga a naplósorozat 2017-ben megjelent, utolsó kötetével vált hozzáférhetővé. A tanulmány a naplókiadások bonyolult hálózatát is felvázolja. A legújabb naplókötet (Sötét örvénybe süllyedek) az első világháború éveinek „mikrotörténetét” dokumentálja, melynek kontextusából különösen az 1917–1918., valamint az 1919. évre vonatkozó, kötetben ez ideig publikálatlan naplófeljegyzések érdemelnek figyelmet. Az előbbi két év a háború, az utóbbi Csáth életének utolsó éve, így az 1917 és 1919 közötti évekre vonatkozó naplófeljegyzések egyben sajátos befejezésnarratívát tárnak az olvasó elé.

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Hill, JoVonn G. "Revision of Gymnoscirtetes (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Melanoplinae): a genus endemic to the grasslands of the southeastern North American Coastal Plain." ZooKeys 1134 (December 7, 2022): 101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1134.94984.

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Gymnoscirtetes is endemic to the southeastern portion of the North American Coastal Plain and previously comprised two species: G. pusillus Scudder, 1897 and G. morsei Hebard, 1918. Here, this genus is revised based on male genital morphology and geographic data, and four new species are described: G. georgiaensissp. nov., G. pageaesp. nov., G. rexsp. nov., and G. wadeorumsp. nov.Gymnoscirtetes is primarily associated with mesic grasslands such as pitcher plant bogs, flatwoods, and the edges of seasonal ponds, but can be found less commonly in a variety of other grasslands.

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17

Tron, Gian Cesare, Alberto Minassi, Giovanni Sorba, Mara Fausone, and Giovanni Appendino. "Icilio Guareschi and his amazing “1897 reaction”." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 17 (May 25, 2021): 1335–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.17.93.

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Organic chemistry honors Icilio Guareschi (1847–1918) with three eponymic reactions, the best known ones being the Guareschi synthesis of pyridones and the Guareschi–Lustgarten reaction. A third Guareschi reaction, the so-called “Guareschi 1897 reaction”, is one of the most unusual reactions in organic chemistry, involving the radical-mediated paradoxical aerobic generation of hydrocarbons in near-neutral water solution. A discussion of the mechanism of this amazing reaction, the only metal-free process that generates hydrocarbons, and the implications of the approach in biology and geosciences mirrors the multifaceted scientific personality of the discoverer. Thus, Guareschi’s eclectic range of activities spans a surprising variety of topics, overcoming the boundaries of the traditional partition of chemistry into organic, inorganic, and analytical branches and systematically crosses the divide between pure and applied science as well as between the history of chemistry and the personal contributions to its development.

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18

Jendek, Eduard. "Taxonomic, nomenclatural, distributional and biological study of the genus Agrilus (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)." Journal of Insect Biodiversity 4, no. 2 (January 20, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12976/jib/2016.4.2.

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One hundred sixty eight taxa of the genus Agrilus (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) mostly from the Palearctic and Oriental regions are studied and their taxonomic, nomenclatural, distributional or biological data are updated. The following new taxonomic or nomenclatural acts are proposed. The status of four taxa is changed: Agrilus grandiceps hemiphanes Marseul, 1866 is changed from subspecies to species Agrilus hemiphanes stat. nov.; Agrilus lopatini Alexeev, 1964 is changed from species to subspecies Agrilus araxenus lopatini stat. nov.; the specific name hermineus Abeille de Perrin, 1907 is removed from the synonymy of A. lineola as a name of subspecies Agrilus lineola hermineus revalidated name, stat. nov.; Agrilus validiusculus Semenov, 1891 is changed from species to subspecies Agrilus transversesulcatus validiusculus stat. nov.. The following fifteen new synonyms are proposed: grusinus Obenberger, 1917 syn. nov. (synonym of A. transversesulcatus Reitter, 1890); hassani Théry, 1930 syn. nov. (synonym of A. proteus Abeille de Perrin, 1893); ieiunulus Obenberger, 1936 syn. nov. (synonym of A. transversesulcatus validiusculus Semenov, 1891); italicus Obenberger, 1920 syn. nov. (synonym of A. cyanescens Ratzeburg, 1837); juxtasuturalis Abeille de Perrin, 1897 syn. nov. (synonym of A. transversesulcatus Reitter, 1890); niveosignatus Obenberger, 1914 syn. nov. (synonym of A. transversesulcatus validiusculus Semenov, 1891); panchlorus Abeille de Perrin, 1897 syn. nov. (synonym of A. curtulus Mulsant & Rey, 1863); perparvus Obenberger, 1918 syn. nov. (synonym of A. roscidus Kiesenwetter, 1857); philippovi Alexeev, 1965 syn. nov. (synonym of A. vaginalis Abeille de Perrin, 1897); populneus Schaefer, 1946 syn. nov. (synonym of A. suvorovi Obenberger, 1935); rosei Niehuis & Bernhard, 2005 syn. nov. (synonym of A. viridis Linné, 1758); shamyl Obenberger, 1922 syn. nov. (synonym of A. lineola hermineus Abeille de Perrin, 1907); suturisignatus Obenberger, 1924 syn. nov. (synonym of A. transversesulcatus Reitter, 1890); tetrastichus Obenberger, 1924 syn. nov. (synonym of A. fissifrons Fairmaire, 1849) and tifliscus Obenberger, 1936 syn. nov. (synonym of A. transversesulcatus Reitter, 1890). Agrilus grandiceps Kiesenwetter, 1857 is a dubious name of unknown taxonomic concept due to lack of the primary type. The following twenty-seven lectotypes of nominal taxa are designated: A. affectans Obenberger, 1923; A. alacris Kerremans, 1896; A. fidjiensis Obenberger, 1924; A. grusinus Obenberger, 1917; A. hassani Théry, 1930; A. hermineus Abeille de Perrin, 1907; A. hypericicola Abeille de Perrin, 1893; A. ieiunulus Obenberger, 1936; A. limoniastri Bedel, 1886; A. mephistopheles Abeille de Perrin, 1897; A. morio Kerremans, 1895; A. beauprei mourguesi Schaefer, 1954; A. nigrivestis Abeille de Perrin, 1897; A. niveosignatus Obenberger, 1914; A. panchlorus Abeille de Perrin, 1897; A. perparvus Obenberger, 1918; A. proteus Abeille de Perrin, 1893; A. roscidus Kiesenwetter, 1857; A. rumanicus Obenberger, 1924; A. shamyl Obenberger, 1922; A. subroscidus Obenberger, 1924; A. suturisignatus Obenberger, 1924; A. suvorovi Obenberger, 1935; A. fidjiensis tetrastichus Obenberger, 1924; A. tifliscus Obenberger, 1936; A. transversesulcatus Reitter, 1890 and A. validiusculus Semenov, 1891. Additionally, the geographical range or host plant data are updated or revised for many taxa. The North American Agrilus bilineatus (Weber, 1801) is recorded from a single record from Turkey which is the first introduction of a Nearctic Agrilus to the Palearctic fauna.

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19

Poujol, Catherine, and Elyor Karimov. "Les juifs de Boukhara ou la fin d’un espace-temps doublement minoritaire (1897-1918)." Revue des mondes musulmans et de la Méditerranée, no. 107-110 (September 15, 2005): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/remmm.2820.

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20

Cornwall, M. "Book Review: Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna. Christian Socialism in Power, 1897-1918." German History 16, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 446–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635549801600322.

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21

Alekseev, B. N., and A. B. Alekseev. "The teacher of red commanders By the 160th anniversary of the birth of Professor Emeritus, military geodesist V. V. Vitkovskiy." Geodesy and Cartography 921, no. 3 (April 20, 2017): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-921-3-52-56.

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By 160-th anniversary from birthday of Professor Emeritus of geodesy, honorary doctor of geodesy and astronomy of Kazan University, Lieutenant General of the Russian army Vasily Vasilyevich Vitkowski. V. Vitkowski was born on 1 Sep 1856. In 1975 he Graduated from Military engineering school, in 1885 he graduated from the geodetic division of the Academy of the General Staff. Shortly after graduating from the Academy and Pulkovo practices V. Vitkowski was assigned to shoot the North-West of the Empire, where 5 years acquired considerable practical experience useful to him in subsequent scientific and pedagogical activities in the Military-topographic College (1889–1907) and the Military-topographic school (1918–1923), in the geodesic Department of the Military Academy (1897–1918) in the geodesic Department of the Military engineering Academy (1919–1924),in addition, Vladimir Vitkowski taught in civilian institutions of higher education in Electrotechnical Institute (1893–1901), at the Polytechnic Institute (1907–1908) and in the Women’s pedagogical Institute (1914–1915), compiling printed works. Saw the light of the following publications

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22

RAPP, D. "The British Salvation Army, The Early Film Industry and Urban Working-Class Adolescents, 1897-1918." Twentieth Century British History 7, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 157–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/7.2.157.

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23

Evans, R. J. W. "Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna: Christian Socialism in Power, 1897- 1918.John W. Boyer." Journal of Modern History 69, no. 1 (March 1997): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/245477.

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24

عبد علي, عماد, and زينب ناظم. "نزع السلاح الالماني بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى-دراسة في جذور المشكلة الالمانية." Journal of Kufa Studies Center 1, no. 66 (November 12, 2022): 151–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36322/jksc.v1i66.10476.

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شكل سباق التسلح البحري والبري سبباً مهماً في توتر العلاقات الدولية, اذ شهدت المدة بعد عام 1870 تنافساً وتسلحاً خطيرين بين دولها الكبرى. وبدأ سباق التسلح البري بين المانيا وفرنسا بعد حرب السبعين عام 1870, وظل مستمراً بينهما ليبلغ ذروته عام 1913, عندما صدرت قوانين عسكرية جديدة ذات طابع هجومي أكثر منه دفاعي, عززت القوة الهجومية في كل من الدولتين. واتخذت الحكومة الالمانية مساراً للتسلح الالماني البحري حينما اتخذت قراراً عام 1897, بإنشاء اسطول بحري حربي مهيئ للقيام بمناورات وعمليات عسكرية في بحر الشمال بين الشواطئ الالمانية والبريطانية. واقتضت طبيعة الموضوع تقسيمه على مبحثين، تناول الأول نزع السلاح الالماني في هدنة تشرين الثاني عام 1918، في حين تناول الثاني نزع السلاح الالماني في معاهدة فرساي عام 1919.

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Shedel, James. "Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna: Christian Socialism in Power, 1897-1918 by John W. Boyer." Catholic Historical Review 83, no. 1 (1997): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.1997.0058.

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Tahirović, Husref, and Brigitte Fuchs. "Jadwiga Olszewska: A Woman Pioneer in Medicine in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina." Acta Medica Academica 49, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.299.

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<p>This article describes the life and medical activities of Jadwiga Olszewska (1855–1932) in Serbia from 1895–1899, Austro- Hungarian (AH)-occupied and annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) from 1899–1918, and the newly founded Kingdom of Yugoslavia, from 1919–1932. In summer 1899, Olszewska replaced Teodora Krajewska as an AH official female physician in Tuzla. Born in Congress Poland, Olszewska had enrolled in 1873 in the medical courses for women in St. Petersburg but had left Russia in 1880 to study medicine in France. She had lived as a student and single parent in Paris since 1883, and she was awarded her Doctorate in Medicine from the University of Paris in 1894. She could not practice medicine in Russian-occupied Poland because of her French diploma, and she could not practice in most Western countries due to her gender. Therefore, she decided to move to Serbia, where she worked as an assistant physician in the district hospitals of Loznica (1895–1897?) and Požarevac (1897–1899). Driven by the need for a higher income to fund her son’s education, she engaged her network of Polish compatriots and procured the position of an AH official female physician of Tuzla in 1899, where she performed her duties in an exemplary manner. After the breakdown of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (AHE) in 1918, Olszewska remained in Tuzla and retired as a Yugoslav official physician in 1923. When she died in Tuzla in 1932, local colleagues had to arrange for a proper fu- neral because Olszewska did not leave any savings due to her insufficient pension. Olszewska’s grave never received a tombstone, and it is untraceable today.</p><p><strong> Conclusion</strong>. Jadwiga Olszewska (1855–1932) was a woman pioneer of medicine from Poland, who practiced her profession first as an assistant physician in Serbia (1895–1899) and then as an AH and Yugoslavian official female doctor in Tuzla, BH (1899–1923).</p>

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Majewska, Aleksandra. "The Egyptian collection from Łohojsk in the National Museum in Warsaw." Światowit 57 (December 17, 2019): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6854.

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The National Museum in Warsaw, founded in 1916, took over the function of the older Museum of Fine Arts in Warsaw, founded in 1862. Between 1918 and 1922, the National Museum was systematically enriched through donations by private persons and institutions. One of the most important collections, placed there in 1919, was that originating from an old private museum owned by the Tyszkiewicz family in Łohojsk, donated through the agency of the Society of Fine Arts ‘Zachęta’ in Warsaw. The museum in Łohojsk (today in Belarus, not far from Minsk) was founded by Konstanty Tyszkiewicz (1806–1868). The rich collection of family portraits, paintings, engravings, and other works of art was enriched in 1862 by Count Michał Tyszkiewicz (1828–1897), who bequeathed a substantial part of the Egyptian antiquities brought from his travel to Egypt in 1861–1862. The Łohojsk collection was partly sold by Konstanty’s son, Oskar Tyszkiewicz (1837–1897), but some of these objects were purchased in 1901 by a cousin of Michał Tyszkiewicz, who then donated them to the Society of Fine Arts ‘Zachęta’. At this stage, the whole collection amounted to 626 items, of which 163 were connected to Egypt. During World War II, the National Museum in Warsaw suffered serious losses. At present, the exhibits originating from Łohojsk include 113 original ancient Egyptian pieces, four forgeries, and 29 paper squeezes reproducing the reliefs from the tomb of Khaemhtat of the 18th Dynasty (Theban tomb no. 57).

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Salatini Maffia, Erica Aparecida. "DO ROMANCE DE FOLHETIM AO ROMANCE “ROSA”: O ROMANCE ITALIANO DE AUTORIA FEMININA ENTRE OS SÉCULOS XIX E XX." Estudos Linguísticos e Literários 1, no. 66 (September 26, 2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ell.v1i66.35248.

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<p>O artigo apresenta algumas autoras italianas de romances e novelas publicados no período de 1850 a 1950, escritoras que, apesar da notoriedade e representatividade de sua literatura, foram ignoradas pela crítica e pelo cânone italianos, algumas delas desconhecidas do público brasileiro. Carolina Invernizio (1851-1916) e Matilde Serao (1856-1927) são figuras centrais para a popularização e o desenvolvimento da literatura de consumo italiana, na segunda metade do séc. XIX. Mura (1892-1940) e Liala (1897-1995) são representantes da literatura de massa do começo do século XX até o segundo pós-guerra. Neera (1846-1918) e Alba de Céspedes<strong> </strong>(1911-1997) representam a vertente feminina do romance sentimental psicológico italiano: ambas foram sucesso de público em suas épocas, mas apesar do reconhecimento de uma determinada parcela da crítica italiana, também não fazem parte do cânone italiano.</p>

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Bowie, Malcolm. "Sea and structure in fin-de-siècle France: Mallarmé and Debussy." European Review 8, no. 1 (February 2000): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700004580.

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A copious sea literature exists in nineteenth-century France, and the works of such figures as Hugo, Baudelaire, Michelet and Rimbaud contain a recurrent tension between two divergent views of maritime experience. On the one hand, the sea offers the encouraging spectacle of endless possibility and plurality, but on the other hand it is an emblem of intellectual defeat and of humankind at the mercy of an inhospitable natural world. In major works by Mallarmé (1842–98) and Debussy (1862–1918) this contradiction is placed centre stage. The poet and the musician have found ingenious ways of maintaining intellectual and artistic control while constructing ‘open’ textures designed to recreate the sensations of chaos and contingency. In both works – Un Coup de dés jamais n'abolira le hasard (1897) and La Mer (1905) – the remorseless action of the sea is associated with the periodic achievement and loss of aesthetic structure.

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Shtolder, Natalya V. "AESTHETIC VIEWS OF FERDINAND HODLER: FROM THE THEORY OF PARALLELISM TO SYMBOLIC FORMS AND IMAGES." Articult, no. 3 (2022): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2227-6165-2022-3-6-17.

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This article examines the aesthetic views of the Swiss artist Ferdinand Hodler (1853–1918) in the context of the evolution of his creation. The outstanding European master was noted by his contemporaries in the first row of artists who significantly influenced on the development of painting at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. The relevance of the presented work lies in the objective significance of Hodler's ideas in the view of the universe, on the issues of constructing space in painting. The theoretical heritage of the artist, including the basic provisions of his theory of parallelism, for the first time in Russian art history is analyzed in depth based on his notes and statements of different years. The main provisions of the Fribourg’s lecture “Mission of the Artist” (1897) are considered in connection with the creative practice of the artist and in the context of the ideas of European symbolism and Art Nouveau.

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Bassanezi, Maria Silvia Beozzo, and Maisa Faleiros Cunha. "Um espaço, dois momentos epidêmicos: surtos de febre amarela (1896-1897) e de gripe (1918-1919) em Campinas, estado de São Paulo." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 36 (December 2, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0088.

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Este estudo analisa a mortalidade por epidemias de febre amarela (1896-1897) e de gripe (1918-1919), registradas no município de Campinas (SP, Brasil), no período de predomínio da economia cafeeira, de imigração de massa e de pré-transição demográfica e epidemiológica – finais do século XIX e primeiras décadas do XX. Tais epidemias – transmitidas por diferentes agentes transmissores –ocorreram em momentos, sazonalidade e ritmos distintos, atingindo de forma diferente os vários segmentos populacionais. Elas disseminaram-se na população local muito em função da grande mobilidade populacional, facilitada pela expansão da rede ferroviária paulista, das condições sanitárias e de vida das pessoas atingidas e da atuação dos órgãos governamentais. Consequentemente, houve implicações na dinâmica e evolução demográfica do município e nas políticas de saúde pública. O presente estudo fez uso de informações contidas nas atas do Registro Civil de óbitos desse município, nos Anuários do Serviço Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo, censos e fontes de época de caráter mais qualitativo.

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Mitrofanov, Victor V. "“... I am meant to always remain an incorrigible correspondent”: letters from I. Ivanov to S. Platonov written in 1923–1924, introductory article, publication, commentary Authors:." Historia provinciae – the journal of regional history 5, no. 1 (2021): 257–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2021-5-1-7.

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There are still many blank pages in the history of Tver regional studies, especially in that related to the early 20th century. In order to minimize them, the letters of the outstanding Tver local history expert Ivan A. Ivanov (1850–1927), the chairman of the Tver Provincial Scientific Archival Commission (1899–1918), are introduced into scientific circulation. They were written in 1923–24 and are addressed to Academician Sergei F. Platonov, whom the author met in 1897. The warm relations between these people were maintained for almost 30 subsequent years. S. Platonov took an active part in organizing and conducting significant historical and educational events initiated by the Tver Commission. The published letters are the only source of information about the almost unknown period in the life of I. Ivanov after he left Tver in September 1918 and about his active scientific research during this period. The content of the correspondence makes it possible to recreate an accurate picture of the daily life of a former high-ranking official who found himself in completely new life conditions caused by the changes in political situation. The ways of overcoming everyday difficulties, such as lack of accommodation, food and basic necessities, are indicated. Despite all hardship, insecurity, and concern for his children, I. Ivanov remained in need of active intellectual activity. His relatives (wife and children), new acquaintances, and communication with fellow villagers helped him in that. Some prestigious scientific institutions with which I. Ivanov established close ties, for example, the Russian Museum, showed interest in his selfless work.

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Fogel, Jerzy. "Hrabianki Szembekówny - pionierki archeologii wielkopolskiej z przełomu XIX i XX wieku." Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 12 (November 1, 2018): 7–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2004.12.01.

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Archaeological interests of the Szembek earls from Siemianice near Kępno (southern Wielkopolska) have spread over many generations starting from the middle of the 19th century until the present time. This is well exemplified by activities of Jadwiga (1883-1939) and Zofia (1884-1974) Szembek. In the years 1897-1908, both sisters undertook systematic and model excavations of the multicultural cemetery (-ies) at Siemianice near Kępno (Bronze Age 11, Bronze Age V - HaD; the Late La Téne - Early Roman Iron Age) and cemetery at Lipie near Kępno (Bronze Age V). Jadwiga Szembek excavated also multicultural settlement at Tarnowica near Jaworów (western Ukraine) in 1924 and 1927. An origin and development of archaeological interests of the Szembek sisters, along with a detailed analysis of their field works, was reconstructed on the basis of unpublished archive materials and old literature of the subject. Assessment of their achievements in this field, according to both previous and current criteria, made possible to support opinion by Prof. Józef Kostrzewski who rated the Szembek sisters among archaeologists of the most outstanding merit before 1918.

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Forsyth, V. L. "“Let reason serve to make the truth appear”: How The Shakespeare Club of Mobile studied Shakespeare from 1897 to 1918." Shakespeare 7, no. 2 (June 2011): 129–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450918.2011.573086.

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Liberti, Gianfranco. "The Danacea of the Balkan Peninsula. A revision (Coleoptera Dasytidae)." Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana 88, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/memoriesei.2009.17.

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This paper revises the systematics and taxonomy of genus Danacea Laporte de Castelnau, 1838 in the Balkan Peninsula. The territory here considered includes Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Serbia, Turkey (European). Determination keys, drawings of the median lobe of the aedeagus, description and distributional information are reported for each species. Twelve new species or subspecies are described: <em>D. angelinii </em>n. sp. of Ipiros (Greece), <em>D. brattiana </em>n. sp. of Bracˇ island (Croatia), <em>D. colligens</em> n. sp. of the Peloponnese (Greece), <em>D. iadrensis</em> n. sp. of the Zadar area (Croatia), <em>D. kydoniae</em> n. sp. of western Crete, <em>D. latipennis</em> ssp. occidua n. of western Crete, <em>D. messenica</em> n. sp. of the Peloponnese, <em>D. montalbidi</em> n. sp. of western Crete, <em>D. oliveti </em>n. sp. of Fokida (Greece), <em>D. pagasaica</em> n. sp. of Thessalia (Greece), <em>D. quintilis</em> n. sp. of Bulgaria, <em>D. sithoniae</em> n. sp. of the Halkidiki peninsula (Greece). Three changes of status are proposed: <em>D. cephalonica</em> Pic, 1901, which was described as a variety of <em>D. mutata</em> Pic, 1895, is a good species; <em>D. purkynei </em>Obenberger, 1916 described as a good species, is a subspecies of <em>D. iners</em> Kiesenwetter; 1859; <em>D. maculipennis</em> Pic, 1899 described as a variety of <em>D. marginata</em> (Kuester, 1851), is a good species. The following new synonymies are proposed: D. cylindricollis Schilsky, 1897, <em>D. insularis</em> Schilsky, 1897 and <em>D. maculicornis</em> Pic, 1914: all synonyms of <em>D. bleusei</em> Pic, 1895; <em>D. cervina</em> ssp. montenegrina Apfelbeck, 1911, <em>D. cervina</em> ssp. vulpina Apfelbeck, 1911, <em>D</em>. <em>intermedia</em> Apfelbeck, 1911, <em>D. valonensis</em> Apfelbeck, 1911: all synonyms of <em>D. cervina</em> (Kuester; 1850); <em>D. obscura</em> Schilsky, 1897 synonym of <em>D. championi</em> Marseul, 1878;<em> D. ganglbaueri </em>Prochàzka, 1894 synonym of <em>D. cretica</em> Kiesenwetter, 1859; <em>D. bulgarica</em> Pic, 1902, <em>D. monastirensis</em> Pic, 1917,<em> D. opulenta </em>Schilsky, 1897, <em>D</em>. <em>posterecta</em> Pic, 1902, <em>D. rambouseki</em> Roubal, 1909, <em>D. serbica </em>Kiesenwetter, 1863: all synonyms of<em> D. iners</em> Kiesenwetter, 1859; <em>D. winneguthi </em>Apfelbeck, 1911 synonym of <em>D. major </em>Pic, 1902; <em>D. amabilis</em> Sahlberg, 1903 synonym of <em>D. marginata</em> (Kuester; 1851); <em>D. zharadniki</em> Nigrin, 1986 synonym of <em>D. maculipennis</em> Pic, 1899; <em>D. bosnica</em> Pic, 1913 synonym of <em>D. nigritarsis </em>ssp. nigritarsis (Kuester, 1850); <em>D. consimilis</em> Schilsky, 1897 synonym of <em>D</em>. <em>oertzeni</em> Schilsky, 1897; <em>D. albanica</em> Apfelbeck, 1911 synonym of <em>D. pallidipalpis</em> Abeille, 1894; <em>D. cervina</em> var. diversipes Pic, 1936 synonym of <em>D. thessalonicensis</em> Apfelbeck, 1911;<em> D. syrensis</em> Pic, 1910 synonym of <em>D. vitticollis</em> Schilsky, 1897. The following names have not been associated with certainty to a known species and remain doubtful: <em>D. krueperi </em>ssp. varipes Schilsky, 1897, <em>D. limbata </em>Schilsky, 1897, <em>D. parnassia</em> Schilsky, 1897, <em>D. rostrata</em> Prochàzka, 1894, <em>D. shardagensis </em>Apfelbeck, 1918. However the Balkan peninsula has not been sufficiently explored, several new species are expected to remain undiscovered and the distribution range of the known species has not been sufficiently defined.

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Rodríguez Almada, Pablo. "pactos de coparticipación en el gobierno ocurridos en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principio del siglo XX en Uruguay: Mutaciones constitucionales orales y proceso constituyente." Revista de Derecho, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22235/rd.vi22.2156.

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En Uruguay, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principio del siglo XX, ocurrieron tres hechos políticos significativos para la historia de la coparticipación de los partidos políticos en el Gobierno: los dos principales fueron el Pacto de Abril del año 1872 y el Pacto de la Cruz del año 1897 y el tercero, menos significativo por su duración, el Pacto de Nico Pérez del año 1903. Los pactos referidos, que eran orales, significaban la coparticipación de los partidos políticos en los gobiernos departamentales y, como consecuencia, también en el Poder Legislativo. Los acuerdos políticos mencionados, que fueron precedidos de revoluciones promovidas por el Partido Nacional, se aplicaron, con algunas interrupciones y modificaciones, durante treinta y dos años, inclusive en gobiernos de facto. El presente artículo analiza estos pactos de coparticipación y la vulneración de la Constitución que representaban, al convertirse en mutaciones constitucionales orales. Se pretende demostrar que, si bien dichas mutaciones constitucionales no tenían fuerza normativa —porque la costumbre no es fuente formal de derecho en Uruguay— y no tenían consenso político —se aplicaban como forma de evitar conflictos armados— formaron parte de un proceso constituyente que continuó con modificaciones de procedimientos constitucionales y leyes electorales, y que finalizó con la entrada en vigencia de la Constitución del año 1918.

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Rodríguez Almada, Pablo. "pactos de coparticipación en el gobierno ocurridos en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principio del siglo XX en Uruguay: Mutaciones constitucionales orales y proceso constituyente." Revista de Derecho, no. 22 (November 12, 2020): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22235/rd22.2156.

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En Uruguay, en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y principio del siglo XX, ocurrieron tres hechos políticos significativos para la historia de la coparticipación de los partidos políticos en el Gobierno: los dos principales fueron el Pacto de Abril del año 1872 y el Pacto de la Cruz del año 1897 y el tercero, menos significativo por su duración, el Pacto de Nico Pérez del año 1903. Los pactos referidos, que eran orales, significaban la coparticipación de los partidos políticos en los gobiernos departamentales y, como consecuencia, también en el Poder Legislativo. Los acuerdos políticos mencionados, que fueron precedidos de revoluciones promovidas por el Partido Nacional, se aplicaron, con algunas interrupciones y modificaciones, durante treinta y dos años, inclusive en gobiernos de facto. El presente artículo analiza estos pactos de coparticipación y la vulneración de la Constitución que representaban, al convertirse en mutaciones constitucionales orales. Se pretende demostrar que, si bien dichas mutaciones constitucionales no tenían fuerza normativa —porque la costumbre no es fuente formal de derecho en Uruguay— y no tenían consenso político —se aplicaban como forma de evitar conflictos armados— formaron parte de un proceso constituyente que continuó con modificaciones de procedimientos constitucionales y leyes electorales, y que finalizó con la entrada en vigencia de la Constitución del año 1918.

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Lochhead, Ian. "The Politics of Empire and the Architecture of Identity: Public Architecture in New Zealand 1900-1918." Architectural History Aotearoa 1 (December 5, 2004): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v1i0.7893.

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During the period from 1900 to 1918 new governmental buildings were constructed throughout New Zealand as part of a campaign to provide accommodation for government departments. Post offices, court houses and departmental buildings appeared in provincial towns as well as in major cities, almost all products of the government's architectural office, led by John Campbell. The exuberant Imperial Baroque style adopted for these buildings reflects a new national confidence but also follows closely the precedent of British public building of the period. Auckland's former Chief Post Office (1908-11) for example, is closely modelled on Sir Henry Tanner's Central Post Office in London (1907). The extent and consistency of the Government's building programme was intended to promote a sense of national unity although its dependence on British models seems to confirm Hurst Seager's argument that New Zealand had yet to develop a distinctive architectural style. The use of the Imperial Baroque style, culminating in Campbell's design for Parliament Buildings of 1911, reflected New Zealand's strong sense of identification with the British Empire, also expressed through the contributions of its politicians at Imperial Conferences from 1897 to 1911. Unlike their counterparts from Canada and Australia, New Zealand politicians argued for stronger imperial bonds as a way of ensuring greater influence over imperial policies. This paper will argue that in fact, New Zealand public architecture of the period 1900-18 reflects a clear sense of national identity but one that is defined in terms of Britishness and conceived within the larger framework of the security provided by imperial solidarity.

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Anderson, Neil O. "A Century of Seminars: Celebrating the Centennial of Knowledge Transfer in Horticultural Science at the University of Minnesota." HortScience 57, no. 8 (August 2022): 935–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci16592-22.

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The advent of horticulture, backed by research, teaching, and extension in the State of Minnesota during the 1800s, had long-term ramifications for initiating opportunities for the newly formed University of Minnesota, the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Minnesota State Horticultural Society—all of which worked closely together. The founding of the horticulture department in 1888, then known as the Division of Horticulture and Forestry, provided long-term commitment to address the needs of the horticulture field. The integration of female students in 1897 provided inclusivity of gender perspectives in horticulture and enabled essential services during World War I (WWI), when male students, faculty, and administrators were drafted into military service. After the sudden death of Dr. Samuel Green, the first Department Head, in 1910, Dr. LeRoy Cady (who served as an Acting Department Head) instituted a novel idea at the time of having weekly departmental seminars. These formally commenced on 13 Jan. 1913, with the first seminar entitled “Organization of the Seminar.” A survey across the country of horticulture or plant science-based departments revealed its uniqueness as being the oldest seminar series in the country and, undoubtedly, the world. An early seminar tradition included taste-testing of fruit. Early seminars were conducted in the department office of the newly built Horticulture Building (opened in 1899). This idea of the seminar format—as a valuable mechanism of exchanging ideas and increasing department associations—was spread by faculty and Dr. Cady at national and regional meetings of the American Society for Horticultural Science. The seminar concept stretched across the country to other universities and colleges with horticulture programs to make such a forum commonplace to convey research, teaching, and outreach findings in academic settings. Knowledge of the history of the seminar series remained obscure until the record book was discovered in 2010, which provided documentation of its founding and the early years of knowledge-sharing in seminar format. To mark this unique event in horticultural science, a centennial celebration of the seminar series occurred on 13 Jan. 2013. An estimated total of 1899 seminars have been presented during this century-long period. However, a gap in the seminars during 1916 to 1925 was unexplained in the record book. Examination of the departmental, college, and university archives during this time period revealed two primary reasons for this: WWI and the 1918 influenza epidemic. The War Department’s takeover of all college and university campuses in 1918 resulted in the decimation of the faculty and student body by mandatory service (all males age 18–45 years), the institution of a wartime curriculum (which limited the number and types of horticulture classes), the takeover of essential departmental functions by nondrafted men and all female students/faculty, the building of barracks (many of which were on horticultural research plots), and the cessation of all activities, including the seminar. Concurrently, the 1918 influenza outbreak prohibited social gatherings, thus limiting interactions such as seminars. Only a few photographs exist of students wearing masks in 1918, but the impact of the flu seriously affected the ability of students to return to the University of Minnesota after WWI. One subtle benefit in 1918 was the first-ever admission of disabled students (veterans) to horticulture classes. The deaths of students, faculty, and administrators on WWI battlefields, in training camps, or by influenza, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder, devastated the department for years. Lessons learned from these tragedies resonate with the modern-day continuation of the seminar series in the context of the current Covid-19 pandemic.

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Abaschnik, Volodymyr. "Otto Pfleiderer und die deutsche Theologie in der kritischen Darstellung von Timofej Butkevič." Journal for the History of Modern Theology / Zeitschrift für Neuere Theologiegeschichte 28, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 21–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znth-2021-0002.

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Abstract In the article, a little-studied question of the critical interpretation of the theological position of the representative of German protestant tradition Otto Pfleiderer (1839–1908) in the eastern orthodox theology, especially in the work of Kharkiv Professor Timofej Butkevič (1854–1925), is presented. At first, the main periods of a clerical and creative career of Butkevič, including his studying at the Kharkiv Clerical Seminary (1869–1875) and the Moscow Clerical Academy (1875–1879), are considered. Then the features of the theological publications and the teaching of Butkevič at Kharkiv University are pointed out. His important works were two monographs: The evil, its essence and origin (1897) and Religion, its essence and origin (1902–1904) in two books. The positions of well-known German theologians such as Karl August von Hase (1800–1890), David Friedrich Strauß (1808–1874), Karl Theodor Keim (1825–1878), Karl Philipp Bernhard Weiss (1827–1918), and others were here analyzed. But Butkevič’s critical interpretation of the theological viewpoint of Otto Pfleiderer in his two volumes work Die Religion, ihr Wesen und ihre Geschichte (1869) and in his Geschichte der Religionsphilosophie von Spinoza bis auf die Gegenwart (1883) occupies a central place in this analysis. In turn, Butkevič’s important achievement was the popularization of the ideas of Otto Pfleiderer in Russia and Ukraine, in particular, because of his translation of extracts from Pfleiderer’s works.

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Zaleska, Ilona. "Przemysław Dąbrowski, Narodowa Demokracja byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Studium z zakresu myśli politycznej i działalności obozu narodowego na ziemiach litewsko-białoruskich w latach 1897-1918." Zapiski Historyczne lxxix, no. 3 (July 19, 2015): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.15762/zh.2014.12.

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KROPP, CATHERINE. "Culture and political crisis in Vienna. Christian socialism in power, 1897–1918. By John W. Boyer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995. Pp. 736. £29.95." Historical Journal 40, no. 1 (March 1997): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x96227141.

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Lalević-Vasić, Bosiljka M. "History of Dermatology and venereology in Serbia - part III/2: Dermatovenereology in Serbia from 1881 - 1918 / Istorija dermatologije i venerologije u Srbiji – III/2: Dermatovenerologija u Srbiji u periodu od 1881. do 1918. godine." Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10249-011-0016-x.

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Abstract Owing to the enforced sanitary laws, the health care service in Serbia evolved systematically till the beginning of the Balkan Wars (1912). At the early phase of this period, in general hospitals dermatovenereology diseases accounted for 10.5% (Užice) to 45% (Zaječar), while venereal diseases prevailed (83.3% and 16.7%, respectively). In the period from 1880 to 1897, there were 12.354 Serbian soldiers with venereal diseases: 56.9% had Gonorrhoea, 28.9% had Ulcusmolle, and 14.2% had Syphilis. The first official and professional statistics on Syphilis was done in 1898, and according to the report, 0.26% of the population of Serbia was affected by Syphilis: 1.42% in the Timok Region and 0.27% in Belgrade. Nevertheless, these data must be taken with caution, being very low. In regions with endemic Syphilis, tardive and tertiary Syphilis prevailed, whereas out of these regions, secondary forms of the disease were most common. In the period from 1882 to 1910, according to the reports of the Sanitary Department of the Ministry of Defense, skin diseases were reported in 3.1% to 15.2% of all hospitalized soldiers. Leprosy was diagnosed in 15 cases in Serbia; notification of all cases became compulsory in 1890. From 1912 to 1918, Serbia was at war, and the most common skin disease was a dermatozoonosis - pediculosios (lice infestation), which caused a tragic epidemic of exanthematous typhus in the army, but also among civilians. It was estimated that there were 500.000 sick persons, out of which over 150.000 died, including 56% of physicians and other medical staff working in hospitals. Disinfestation was the main treatment modality, using steam in so called “Serbian barrel”. At the Thessaloniki front line, in the Dermatovenereology Department, there were 41 dermatoses or groups of dermatoses, affecting the hospitalized soldiers, but scabies was scarce, owing to good hygiene. After the end of the First World War, the Serbian army and population were decimated, and the country ruined. Reconstruction of the country began once again.

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Salata, Sebastian, and Brian L. Fisher. "Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar – an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups." ZooKeys 905 (January 20, 2020): 1–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.

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The present study represents an introduction to the revision of Pheidole Westwood, 1839 from Madagascar. Sixteen species groups are established, of which eleven are revised below, and illustrated identification keys to species groups and species of groups revised in this monograph are presented. Two species are raised to species level: Pheidole petax Forel, 1895 stat. nov., and P. scabrata Forel, 1895 stat. nov. We also redescribe worker castes and designate lectotypes for P. annemariae Forel, 1918, P. nemoralis Forel, 1892, P. petax Forel, 1895, P. ensifera Forel, 1897, P. longispinosa Forel, 1891, and P. scabrata Forel, 1895. The following 46 new species are described: Pheidole aelloeasp. nov., P. alasp. nov., P. andapasp. nov., P. ankeranasp. nov., P. avaratrasp. nov., P. bemarahaensissp. nov., P. bemarivoensissp. nov., P. binarasp. nov., P. boriborasp. nov., P. brevipilosasp. nov., P. curvistriatasp. nov., P. diakritossp. nov., P. ehazoarasp. nov., P. ferrugineasp. nov., P. fisakasp. nov., P. fitaratasp. nov., P. glabrasp. nov., P. goavanasp. nov., P. lamperossp. nov., P. longipilosasp. nov., P. luteasp. nov., P. madinikasp. nov., P. mahaboensissp. nov., P. maizinasp. nov., P. makaensissp. nov., P. makirovanasp. nov., P. manantenensissp. nov., P. mantadiasp. nov., P. marieannaesp. nov., P. masoalasp. nov., P. mavesatrasp. nov., P. miramilasp. nov., P. moramanaensissp. nov., P. navoatrensissp. nov., P. ocypodeasp. nov., P. parvioculasp. nov., P. podargeasp. nov., P. praegrandissp. nov., P. ranohirensissp. nov., P. rugocephalasp. nov., P. rugofitaratasp. nov., P. typhlossp. nov., P. vatovavensissp. nov., P. voasarasp. nov., P. vohemarensissp. nov., and P. zavamanirasp. nov. At present, there are 69 valid species and subspecies of Pheidole known from Madagascar, but this number is expected to increase significantly with upcoming taxonomic revisions of the species groups not revised in this study.

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Mattl, Siegfried. "John W. Boyer Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna. Christian Socialism in Power, 1897–1918. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago [etc.] 1995. xvi, 702 pp. $43.25; £29.95." International Review of Social History 42, no. 2 (August 1997): 294–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000114932.

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Hanisch, Ernst. "John W Boyer. Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna: Christian Socialism in Power, 1897–1918.Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1995. Pp. 16, 702. $;37.50, cloth." Austrian History Yearbook 29, no. 1 (January 1998): 301–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800014983.

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Borsay, Peter, Elizabeth Tingle, and J. A. M. Bulloch. "John W. Boyer, Culture and Political Crisis in Vienna: Christian Socialism in Power, 1897–1918. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1995. xvi + 702pp. Bibliography. No price stated." Urban History 25, no. 3 (December 1998): 396–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800013080.

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Breathnach, C. S. "Gasser." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 6, no. 2 (September 1989): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700015512.

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Herbert Spencer Gasser (1888-1963) deserves to be remembered for introducing the oscilloscope into biology and medicine; with a prototype still in the early stages of development he overcame the evanescent nature of the nerve impulse and thus opened the way to the study of cellular electrical potentials in the nervous system. In tracing the origins of the cortical extracellular currents reflected in the waves of the scalp electroencephalogram the oscilloscope has been indispensable.The graphic methods developed in the nineteenth century were adequate (indeed, admirable) for recording events that were measured in seconds but even the Einthoven string galvanometer that conquered millivolt changes was defeated when the unit on the time scale was the millisecond. The stream of electrons from the cathode in an evacuated (Crookes) tube, which incidentally excited X-rays in Roentgen's tube and served for amplification purposes in the thermionic valve, provided the answer. Progressive refinement of Karl Ferdinand Braun's (1850-1918) original 1897 invention into the cathode ray oscilloscope had the versatility required to follow biological processes that had previously been inaccessible because of the exceeding brevity of their duration. The realisation that the oscilloscope would capture fleeting clinical and experimental events we owe to Herbert Gasser.Herbert Spencer Gasser was born on 5 July 1888 in the small Wisconsin town of Platteville. After local schooling he entered the nascent medical school of the University of Wisconsin at Madison where Joseph Erlanger (1874-1965) had just set up the department of physiology. After completing his clinical under-graduate course at Johns Hopkins Medical School in 1915 Gasser returned for a year to Madison before rejoining Erlanger who had moved in 1910 to Washington University in St. Louis.

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A.D.R. "Préhistoire du cinéma en Afrique, 1897–1918: à la recherche des images oubliées. By Guido Convents. Brussels: Organisation Catholique Internationale du Cinéma et de l'Audiovisuel, 1986. Pp. 235. Soft covers; no price stated." Journal of African History 29, no. 1 (March 1988): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700036306.

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Mastianica, Olga. "Przemysław Dąbrowski, Narodowa Demokracja byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Studium z zakresu myśli politycznej i działalności obozu narodowego na ziemiach litewsko-białoruskich w latach 1897–1918, Kraków: Księgarnia akademicka, 2010, 388 p. ISBN 978-83-7638-008-7." Lithuanian Historical Studies 17, no. 1 (December 28, 2012): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25386565-01701014.

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