Academic literature on the topic '1894-1963 Criticism and interpretation'
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Journal articles on the topic "1894-1963 Criticism and interpretation"
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Pinayungan, Rohmo Reiyanto. "PWI DI KOTA JAMBI 1963-1974." Istoria: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sejarah Universitas Batanghari 3, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/istoria.v3i2.65.
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AbstractPWI Jambi City is one of the organizations formed to provide services in the form of information in the mass media. Journalists are an important part of PWI's existence which can make important contributions to the development of information in the community in Jambi. The research in this paper aims to explain the history and development of the Jambi City PWI from 1963-1974 and the role of the Jambi City PWI. The research method used is the historical method, including heuristic stages, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Data sources were obtained from books and archives relating to PWI Jambi City, as well as interviews with management who were directly involved in the PWI of Jambi City. In this study using system theory in which system theory provides a very strong description model of organizational processes. The results showed that the PWI in Jambi City was formed based on the wishes and initiative of local Jambi journalists. Long before the formation of PWI in Jambi City, a local Jambi journalist organization or organization called IWD (Djambi Journalists Association) was formed. The role of PWI in providing mass media services can be seen from the activities in providing all public information descriptions. While its role is in providing protection for journalists who are members of it, PWI in Jambi City provides assistance and legal protection for journalists who are members of PWI.Keywords: Journalists, Indonesian Journalists Association, Press, Mass Media AbstrakPWI Kota Jambi merupakan salah satu organisasi yang dibentuk untuk memberikan jasa berupa informasi dalam media massa. Wartawan menjadi bagian penting dari keberadaan PWI yang dapat memberikan kontribusi penting bagi perkembangan informasi di masyarakat di Jambi. Penelitian dalam tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sejarah dan perkembangan PWI Kota Jambi dari tahun 1963-1974 serta peranan PWI Kota Jambi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, meliputi tahapan heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Sumber data didapat dari buku-buku dan arsip yang berkaitan dengan PWI Kota Jambi, serta wawancara dengan pengurus yang terlibat langsung dalam PWI Kota Jambi. Di dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori sistem yang di mana teori sistem memberikan suatu model deskripsi yang sangat kuat mengenai proses organisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PWI di Kota Jambi terbentuk atas keinginan dan inisiatif wartawan lokal Jambi. Jauh sebelum terbentuknya PWI di Kota Jambi, telah terbentuk lembaga atau organisasi kewartawanan lokal Jambi yang bernama IWD (Ikatan Wartawan Djambi). Peranan PWI dalam memberikan pelayanan media massa terlihat dari kegiatan dalam memberikan semua uraian informasi publik. Sedangkan peranannya dalam memberikan perlindungan terhadap wartawan yang tergabung didalamnya, PWI di Kota Jambi memberikan bantuan dan perlindungan hukum terhadap para wartawan-wartawan yang tergabung didalam PWI.Kata Kunci : Wartawan, Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia, Pers, Media Massa
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Pangestu, Dimas Aldi, Dyah Kumalasari, and Aman Aman. "Anti-Chinese Incident in West Java in 1963." Paramita: Historical Studies Journal 31, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v31i1.23428.
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Abstract: The paper aims to study the anti-Chinese incident in West Java. The research used the historiography method from Kuntowijoyo with the steps including topic selection, heuristic, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Ever since Indonesia's independence, the relationship between Pribumi and Chinese people is in social and economic discrepancy as they were experiencing an economic crisis. The strays of PRRI/Permesta and DI/TII still hold their grudge within the tough situation. What comes after is the riot between March and May 1963 that put Chinese people as the main target. On March 27, 1963, a raid happened in Cirebon initiated by the Pribumi. They attack the shops and houses of the Chinese people. The riot spread to Bandung on May 10, 1963, started with a fistfight between Chinese and Pribumi students in Bandung Institute of Technology. A day after, another riot is happening in Sumedang. From May 14 until 16, 1963, a series of property assaults are carried out by youngsters, students, and citizens in Bogor and Tasikmalaya. In Garut, vandalism happened on May 17 and 18, 1963, when the shops, houses, and factories were assaulted. From May 18 until 19, 1963, another riot started in Sukabumi when the mob began attacking the merchandise, properties, food supply, and Sukabumi market. This Chinese attacking incident involving Pribumi youngsters, college and high school students, and citizens. The incident was originally planned to be carried out throughout cities in West Java, but it did not turn out well. The initiators are scattered in every part of the cities in West Java, mostly dominated by college and school students and some residents. The impact of this incident is the spike in commodity prices and further social discrepancy. Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji peristiwa anti Cina di Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah Kuntowijoyo dengan langkah-langkah pemilihan topik, heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi dan historiografi. Sejak Indonesia merdeka hubungan Pribumi dan golongan Cina mempunyai kesenjangan hubungan sosial dengan ditambah keadaan krisis ekonomi. Sisa-sisa dari PRRI/Permesta dan DI/TII masih mempunyai reaksi ketidak puasan ditengah situasi yang sedang tidak menentukan. Akibatnya pada bulan Maret-Mei terjadi tindak kerusuhan yang merugikan golongan Cina. Pada tanggal 27 Maret 1963 pecah kerusuhan di Cirebon yang digerakan oleh kalangan Pribumi yang menyerang golongan Cina dengan merusak toko-toko dan rumah-rumah. Kerusuhan tersebut menjalar ke Bandung pada tanggal 10 Mei 1963 diawali oleh perkelahian di kampus ITB antara mahasiswa Cina dengan mahasiswa Pribumi. Pada 11 Mei 1963 pengrusakan kembali terjadi di Sumedang. Pada 14-16 Mei 1963 di Bogor dan Tasikmalaya terjadi pengrusakan yang dilakukan pemuda, pelajar dan rakyat. Di Garut aksi pengrusakan pecah pada 17-18 Mei 1963 dengan merusak rumah-rumah dan toko-toko serta pabrik-pabrik. Pada 18-19 Mei 1963 dimulai aksi di Sukabumi dengan merusak dagangan, perabotan rumah, persedian makanan dan pasar Sukabumi. Peristiwa kerusuhan yang terjadi merusak barang-barang golongan Cina yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa, pelajar dan rakyat. Peristiwa tersebut sudah direncanakan diberbagai kota di Jawa Barat, namun tidak berjalan dengan baik. Dampak yang dirasakan adalah kenaikan harga barang dan kesenjangan sosial yang semakin parah.     Cite this article: Pangestu, D.A., Kumalasari, D., Aman. (2021). Anti-Chinese Incident in West Java in 1963. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 31(1), 93-103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v31i1.23428Â
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Kosek, Joseph Kip. "“Just a Bunch of Agitators”: Kneel-Ins and the Desegregation of Southern Churches." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 23, no. 2 (2013): 232–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2013.23.2.232.
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AbstractCivil rights protests at white churches, dubbed “kneel-ins,” laid bare the racial logic that structured Christianity in the American South. Scholars have investigated segregationist religion, but such studies tend to focus on biblical interpretation rather than religious practice. A series of kneel-ins at Atlanta's First Baptist Church, the largest Southern Baptist church in the Southeast, shows how religious activities and religious spaces became sites of intense racial conflict. Beginning in 1960, then more forcefully in 1963, African American students attempted to integrate First Baptist's sanctuary. When they were alternately barred from entering, shown to a basement auditorium, or carried out bodily, their efforts sparked a wide-ranging debate over racial politics and spiritual authenticity, a debate carried on both inside and outside the church. Segregationists tended to avoid a theological defense of Jim Crow, attacking instead the sincerity and comportment of their unwanted visitors. Yet while many church leaders were opposed to open seating, a vibrant student contingent favored it. Meanwhile, mass media—local, national, and international—shaped interpretations of the crisis and possibilities for resolving it. Roy McClain, the congregation's popular minister, attempted to navigate a middle course but faced criticism from all sides. The conflict came to a head when Ashton Jones, a white minister, was arrested, tried, and imprisoned for protesting outside the church. In the wake of the controversy, the members of First Baptist voted to end segregation in the sanctuary. This action brought formal desegregation—but little meaningful integration—to the congregation.
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Širka, Zdenko Š. "Mission and reception of St Justin Popović." Nicholai Studies: International Journal for Research of Theological and Ecclesiastical Contribution of Nicholai Velimirovich I, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.46825/nicholaistudies/ns.2021.1.1.189-202.
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This review essay brings a closer look at two books about Serbian saint and theologian Justin Popović, both were published in 2019 in Serbian. The first one, presented and analysed in this review, is the international thematic conference proceedings Mission and thought of St Justin Popović, edited by Vladimir Cvetković and Bogdan Lubardić from the Orthodox Theological Faculty in Belgrade (Serbia). The second one, presented in the next review, is Justin of Ćelije and England: Ways of Reception of British Theology, Literature and Science, written by Bogdan Lubardić. There is no need to introduce the life and work of Justin Popović (1894–1979) to the readers of this journal as it is generally known: monk and saint of the Orthodox Church (St Justin the New of Ćelije), professor at the University of Belgrade, co-founder of the Serbian Philosophical Society, one of the most prominent and important Orthodox theologians of the twentieth century. In my modest opinion, these two books open a new chapter in the research of Justin Popović’s legacy, in contrast to revival-apologetic and descriptive approach that previously dominated the reception of Justin Popović’s thoughts. This new approach is characterized by a non-ideological approach to Justin’s work and balances between two extremes, in a certain sense it proposes a middle path. The first extreme, pietistic and defensive-panegyric, considers any criticism of Justin’s work to be a direct attack on his holiness. The second extreme finds in Justin’s work a justification to reject the Serbian Church and all Orthodoxy due to their anti-modern and retrograde nature. Both extremes had fed each other for years and insist on the objectivity and complete truthfulness of their own interpretation of Justin’s work. The proposed middle ground no longer has as the starting point of whether Justin’s views are correct or not, but it considers the reasons and circumstances in which Justin’s work occurs.
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Pedersen, Kim Arne. "Nekrolog over Kaj Thaning." Grundtvig-Studier 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v45i1.16140.
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Kaj Thaning 4.6. 1904 - 6.6. 1994By Kim Arne Pedersen.A few days after his ninetieth birthday, Kaj Thaning died peacefully in his home in Båring, where he had been a clergyman for a generation, and where his monumental work, the thesis .Man First.... was made ready for publication in 1963. Kaj Thaning was bom into a family with roots in influential circles of Grundtvigianism, but as a young undergraduate he came into contact with the Danish Tidehverv movement which introduced the dialectic theology in Denmark. Together with a number of other young theologians Kaj Thaning was connected with both Tidehverv and Grundtvigian circles, and the group was consequently termed .Tidehverv Grundtvigianism.. Thaning became the Grundtvig interpreter within this group, and published his interpretations in a number of books and articles, and a precis of the main thoughts in his thesis was translated into a number of foreign languages in connection with Grundtvig’s anniversary in 1972. Thaning was a vicar through the greater part of his life, but was also deeply engaged in numerous other activities: establishing a folk high school, participating in debates on topical issues, and, in co-operation with the pioneers of the Grundtvig Society, working out the register of Grundtvig’s unprinted manuscripts, a work amply demonstrating his impressive abilities as a research historian. Thaning was a member of the Grundtvig Society Committee from 1948. As early as 1949 he wrote his first major article in Grundtvig Studies, and until recent years he contributed a large number of long or short papers to the yearbook, always impressive in their profundity and perspicacity. As an interpreter of Grundtvig, Thaning has reached far beyond the academic circles to which scientific research is usually restricted. Thaning’s thesis - that the modem relevance of Grundtvig’s writings is closely bound up with his struggle with his personal mixture of the human and the Christian - has had a decisive influence on the Danish cultural and theological debate in the years after World War II, in that it matches with Denmark’s development from an agricultural to an industrial and urban society, and with the decreasing influence of the religious revival movements. Thaning’s secular-theological emphasis on the separation of the human and the Christian as the essential theme in Grundtvig’s writings legitimized this development, but at the same time Thaning’s thesis bore evidence of a profound personal struggle and of a theologically thoroughly contemplated interpretation of Grundtvig, encompassing his entire work. All the same, it seems fair today to view Thaning’s thesis in the light of the theological currents he met on his way, a theological-historical view which may be understood in continuation of the criticism of Thaning’s thesis, raised by recent Grundtvig research, seeking its arguments in incarnation theology. In recent years, this criticism has paved the way for a renewed occupation with Grundtvig’s liturgical theology, and has been able to fertilize Grundtvig’s thoughts in an international, ecumenical-theological context. Thaning, however, was unaffected by this criticism; he remained forever prepared to raise objections to his critics. Thus, from recent years, the present writer remembers Thaning’s unremitting and unyielding defence of his thesis, but also his kindness and helpfulness in connection with the present writer’s first attempts in Grundtvig research.The fact that Thaning’s position has been abandoned in modem research does not weaken the greatness of his work. Thaning’s critics, too, have been - if adversely - influenced by his thesis, whose definition of the relationship between the human and the Christian has left an indelible trace in Danish theology.
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Lionar, Uun, Ridho Bayu Yefterson, and Hendra Naldi. "Tan Malaka: Dari Gerakan hingga Kontroversi." Criksetra: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 10, no. 1 (February 10, 2021): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36706/jc.v10i1.13012.
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Abstrak: Ditetapkan sebagai Pahlawan Nasional oleh Presiden Soekarno di tahun 1963, Tan Malaka hingga saat ini masih menjadi pahlawan yang “redup”. Keterlibatannya dalam tubuh Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) di masa Hindia Belanda telah menempatkan Tan Malaka pada posisi sulit, mengingat keberadaan PKI yang telah mengukir sejarah kelam di era kemerdekaan. Padahal, jika memperhatikan ide dan gagasan Tan Malaka yang tertuang dalam banyak karyanya, maka selayaknya ia dijuluki sebagai Bapak Republik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah kiprah Tan Malaka dalam pergerakan nasional dah mengekplorasi titik kontroversi Tan Malaka. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari tahap heuristik, kritik sumber, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa titik kontroversial Tan Malaka terletak pada keterlibatannya di tubuh PKI masa Hindia Belanda, namun demikian Tan Malaka adalah seorang nasionalis yang konsisten memperjuangkan cita-cita kemerdekaan Indonesia melalui ideologi yang diyakininya. Adanya larangan ajaran Marxisme-Komunisme pasca pemberontakan PKI di tahun 1965 membuat Tan Malaka semakin terpinggirkan sebagai pahlawan nasional, selama Orde Baru namanya tidak terdapat dalam buku-buku pelajaran di sekolah maupun dalam Album Pahlawan Nasional, hal ini menjadi kontroversi atas keterlibatnnya di tubuh PKI. Namun, Era Reformasi menunjukkan sebuah kemajuan, buku-buku karangan Tan Malaka kembali dicetak dan banyak ilmuan mulai serius menyelami sosok Tan Malaka, terutama berkenaan dengan pemikiran dan gagasannya.Kata Kunci: Tan Malaka, Kontroversi, RevolusiAbstract: Defined as a National Hero by President Soekarno in 1963, Tan Malaka is still a "dim" hero. His involvement in the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) during the Dutch East Indies had put Tan Malaka in a difficult position, given the existence of the PKI which had carved a dark history in the era of independence. In fact, if you pay attention to Tan Malaka's ideas and ideas contained in many of his works, then he should be called the Father of the Republic. This research aims to examine Tan Malaka's progress in the national movement and to explore the points of controversy of Tan Malaka. The method in this study uses the historical method which consists of 4 (four) stages, namely hauristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings of this study indicate that Tan Malaka's controversial point lies in his involvement in the PKI during the Dutch East Indies, however, Tan Malaka was a nationalist who consistently fought for the ideals of Indonesian independence through the ideology he believed in. The prohibition against the teachings of Marxism-Communism after the PKI rebellion in 1965 made Tan Malaka even more marginalized as a national hero, during the New Order his name was not included in school textbooks or in the National Hero Album, this became a controversy over his involvement in the PKI. However, the Reformation Era showed progress, Tan Malaka's books were again printed and many scientists began to seriously delve into the figure of Tan Malaka, especially with regard to his thoughts and ideas.Keywords: Tan Malaka, Controversy, Revolution
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Prabowo, Muhammad Danang, and Agus Setiawan. "Peran Harun Tohir dalam Operasi Klandestin Pada Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia di Singapura (1965-1968)." Jurnal Pattingalloang 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jp.v9i3.39265.
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Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia merupakan peristiwa sejarah yang disebabkan karena pemerintahan Republik Indonesia di bawah Presiden Soekarno menolak pembentukan negara federasi Malaysia pada 31 Agustus 1963. Bagi Soekarno hal tersebut merupakan penghinaan terhadap cita cita revolusi Indonesia sebagaimana Federasi Malaysia merupakan bentukan Inggris dan produk dari paham Neo-Kolonialisme Imperialisme yang Bung Karno sangat tentang. Oleh karenanya, Soekarno menyerukan “Ganyang Malaysia” dan mengerahkan kekuatan militer Indonesia untuk menggempur Malaysia dengan cara membuka pendaftaran calon sukarelawan. Salah satu di antara orang yang mendaftarkan diri adalah Harun Tohir. Kelak, beliau akan melaksanakan operasi bersifat klandestin yang akan membawa dampak besar terhadap Singapura. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami peran Harun dalam operasi klandestin pada konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia dan dampak dari operasi Harun Tohir di Singapura pada masa konfrontasi. Selain itu, penelitian ini akan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah dan akan memakai metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yakni heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Untuk tahap heuristik, sumber yang diperoleh merupakan sumber primer yang berupa dokumen dari Pusat Penerangan Marinir, sedangkan sumber sekunder diperoleh dari buku dan jurnal dengan topik serupa serta wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Harun Tohir melakukan operasi klandestin dengan cara menyusup ke wilayah Singapura dan melakukan peledakkan terhadap gedung Macdonald House. Hal tersebut dilakukan dalam rangka membuat Malaysia dan sekutunya menjadi geger. Akibat aksinya, beliau tertangkap dan dihukum oleh Pemerintah Singapura berupa hukuman mati. Hal inilah yang membuat pemerintah Indonesia sampai bernegosiasi dengan pemerintah Singapura dalam rangka membebaskan Harun Tohir bersama rekannya Usman Janatin dari jeratan hukuman mati.Kata Kunci : Harun Tohir; konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia; operasi Klandestin; Abtract Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation was a historical event that caused by Republic of Indonesia’s government under President Soekarno reject the formation of Federal State of Malaysia on 31st August 1963. For Soekarno, such thing was an insult towards the dream of Indonesian revolution as Malaysian Federation was formed by the British and a product of Neo-colonialism and imperialism that Soekarno against. Therefore, Soekarno exclaims “Destroy Malaysia” and deploy Indonesian military power in order to defeat Malaysia by opening a recruitment for volunteer’s candidate. One of the people that registered himself was Harun Tohir. Later, he would conduct a clandestine operation that brought big effect towards Singapore. The purpose of this research is to understand Harun's role in clandestine operation during the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation and the impact of Harun Tohir's operation in Singapore during the confrontation. In addition, this study will use a historical approach and will use historical method that consist of four steps which are heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. For the heuristic step, the sources obtained are primary sources in the form of documents from the Marine Corps Information Center, while secondary sources are obtained from books and journals with similar topics and interviews. The research results showed that Harun Tohir carried out a clandestine operation by infiltrating to Singapore territory and exploding the Macdonald House building. This was done in order to make Malaysia and its allies become agitated. As a result of his actions, he was arrested and sentenced by the Government of Singapore in form of death penalty. This is what prompted the Indonesian government to negotiate with the Singaporean government in order to save Harun Tohir and his colleague Usman Janatin from the death penalty.Keywords: Harun Tohir; Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation; Clandestine operation
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Bradley, James E. "The Anglican Pulpit, the Social Order, and the Resurgence of Toryism during the American Revolution." Albion 21, no. 3 (1989): 361–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050086.
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“And now the new system of government came into being. For the first time since the accession of the House of Hanover, the Tory party was in the ascendant.” So wrote Lord Macaulay concerning the early years of George III's reign. In Macaulay's essay on the earl of Chatham one can find all the elements of the Whig myth of the reign of George III. Most of these ideas have been safely laid to rest by Sir Lewis Namier and modern research; we now know that there was neither a new system of government at the accession of the king nor anything resembling a Tory party. George III was not the tyrant depicted in the Declaration of Independence, there was no plot in the imagined cabinet of “king's friends” to overthrow the constitution, and when, with respect to the colonies, the king declared that he would abide by the decision of his Parliament, he was taking a stand on the side of Whig principles and the Revolution Settlement.One element in the putative resurgence of Toryism that Macaulay and other Whig historians emphasized was High-Anglican political theology. G. H. Guttridge, for example, in his English Whiggism and the American Revolution (1942) well understood the differences between the Toryism of the period of the American Revolution and that of the earlier century. Tories had come to accept the Revolution Settlement, the Hanoverian succession, and even “a modicum of religious toleration.” But if they had lost the bloom of monarchical sentiment, they retained the concept of a state unified above sectional and party interests. Guttridge's formulas were admittedly too simplistic and they justly invited criticism, but one of the overlooked merits of his work was that he located the continuity of conservative thought in its religious aspect. He observed that, “Standing for the two great Tory principles, national unity and a religious sanction for the established order, the Church of England was the central institution of Toryism—the state in its religious aspect, and the divine principle in monarchical government.” The demolition of the Whig interpretation, however, has resulted in a thorough-going neglect of political discourse, and several notable examples of this deconstruction bear directly upon Anglican political thought. In his introduction to the History of Parliament John Brooke wrote that during the American Revolution the Anglican clergy in England had no specific attitude toward the war or any other aspect of government policy. When the reprint of G. H. Guttridge's essay appeared in 1963, Ian Christie wrote a vigorous rebuttal to the idea of a revival of Toryism in the early part of George III's reign without a single reference to the Anglican Church.
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Høirup, Henning. "Nekrolog over Uffe Hansen." Grundtvig-Studier 46, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v46i1.16174.
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Uffe Hansen 14.12. 1894 - 11.9. 1994By Henning HøirupThe obituary begins with a description of Uffe Hansen’s background as an Independent Congregation clergyman (from 1925) to the Grundtvigian Independent Congregation (Danish valgmenighed, i.e. a congregation within the National Church, claiming the right to employ their own minister) of Ubberup, where the prominent clergymen V.J.Hoff and Carl Koch were his predecessors. Carl Koch’s extensive writings, theologically erudite, but .popular. in their language, and thus accessible to the layman, were to become the model for Uffe Hansen’s studies in Grundtvig’s hymnwriting. Through his membership of the Hymn Book Commission of the free Grundtvigian congregations (HYMNS. Independent Congregations and Free Church Congregations, 1935), Uffe Hansen was motivated to realize his plan of a complete account of the whole of Grundtvig’s hymn writing in the book Grundtvig’s Hymn Writing. Its History and Content I. 1810-1837, published in 1937. In the following years Uffe Hansen was absorbed in organizational work (Grundtvigian Convent, the »No More War« organization) and by his membership of the Grundtvigian Hymn Book Committee (The Danish Hymn Book. A Grundtvigian Proposal, 1944). In the 1940s efforts were made to unite the hymn tradition of the re-united Southern Jutland with the traditions of the Kingdom, i.e. the old Danish treasury of hymns and the Grundtvigian hymns. Uffe Hansen became a member of the Hymn Book Commission which published the proposal The Danish Hymn Book in 1951. More than anybody else, Uffe Hansen is responsible for the large number of Grundtvig hymns in this proposal, often with verses from the original versions of the hymns added to them. In spite of vehement criticism on this point The Danish Hymn Book was authorized in 1953. Grundtvig remained the predominant contributor, even though significant Grundtvig hymns, expressing his church view, were omitted, much to Uffe Hansen’s regret. The Hymn Book includes Uffe Hansen’s own translation of the Latin antiphone Oh, Grant Us Peace, Our Lord. While this debate was going on, the continuation of Uffe Hansen’s work, Grundtvig9s Hymn Writing II. 1837-1850 appeared in 1951, an important contribution to a comprehensive interpretation of Grundtvig’s work to renew the Danish hymnody. However, Uffe Hansen’s main achievement as a hymn researcher was his work as a co-editor of Grundtvig’s Song-Work I-VI, 1944-1964. This new edition was worked out on scientific principles, and the hymns were brought in chronological order, as far as it was possible. The edition included a critical variant apparatus, compiled by Uffe Hansen. Concurrently with this work, Uffe Hansen participated in the compilation of a Register of Grundtvig’s Posthumous Papers 1-IXXX, 1956-1964, and, while engaged on this, found several hitherto unknown hymns, which were included in the new edition of the Song-Work.Here Uffe Hansen’s abilities as a researcher and scholar were amply demonstrated. Then, in 1966, came his finalwork, Grundtvig’s Hymn Writing III. 1851-1872, which, like the other volumes, testify to Uffe Hansen’s talent for combining erudition with easy comprehensibility. In his last years Uffe Hansen lived in Holland; he was laid to rest from the Independent Congregation Church of Ubberup.
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Maric, Vukasin. "Dragisa Stojadinovic’s Open letter regarding Miroslav Krleza’s “Serbian themes”." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 181 (2022): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn2281075m.
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This article examines the reaction of Dragisa Stojadinovic to the feuilleton ?Serbian themes? done by the writer Miroslav Krleza. Krleza?s feuilleton was being published in newspaper Politika during April, May and June of 1963. It consisted of fragments from his earlier writings organized in thematic units and concerning different topics from Serbian history. Dragisa Stojadinovic, former soldier, chief of Cinematographic section of Serbian army on Salonica front during the First World War and politician in interwar Yugoslavia, responded to Krleza?s feuilleton by writting an Open letter to the Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts (Zagreb), the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Belgrade) and the Matica Srpska (Novi Sad). Stojadinovic?s Open letter was sent on June 28th, 1963. It focused on scrutinizing Krleza?s article Pasic about the Salonika trial published in Politika on June 9th. Both informations stated by Krleza and criticism put forward by Stojadinovic are analyzed in the light of contemporary historiographical knowledge. Different interpretations presented by Krleza and Stojadinovic have their roots in opposed views on causes and results of Salonika trial. Stojadinovic defended the legitimacy of trial started by his father-in-law Ljuba Jovanovic Patak, he was involved in its organisation and later accused of witness tampering. Krleza saw trial in the light of ?counter-revolutionary? Yugoslav unification in 1918 and as an act of ?political and judicial murder?. Article also contains original documents from National Library of Serbia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1894-1963 Criticism and interpretation"
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Fortin, Marcel. "La fortune critique d'Alain Grandbois, 1933-1963." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41326.
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Between 1933 and 1963, many Quebec critics followed with interest--some sporadically, others regularly--the works and career of Alain Grandbois (1900-1975). This thesis analyzes in systematic fashion the content and the evolution of their discourse.In addition to engaging in "dialogue" (via their reviews) with certain publishers, the critics reflected upon the problem of regionalism and universalism in Grandbois' "clear and simple" prose works, although in quite different ways with each new book. The collections of poems, on the other hand, because of their "hermetism", induced commentators to study the question of the intelligible and the unintelligible in poetry, a question closely linked to that of the meaning--or the absurdity--of existence. Moreover, these interpreters of Grandbois' works, in order to actualize them, read them into the social discourse of the time. Thus, some denounced them for reasons of dogma or of morality; others, more numerous, sought to make Grandbois' texts more "readable" by referring them to current events or phenomena, such as the Second World War, the immediate post-war period, or the "silent revolution" of the 1960s.
Products of the classical education system, Grandbois' exegetes drew their inspiration from the principal tendencies of European criticism. As well, they tended to compare Grandbois' prose works to those of French prose writers of the interwar years, and to link his poetry to that of European poets (the surrealists and those they influenced, among others), although occasional reference was made to local writers.
Over time, the critics came to construct the myth of Alain Grandbois, that "exceptional" literary and human being who acclimatized the "modern" poem to Quebec, after having roamed the world from 1925 to 1940. The history of Alain Grandbois' critical good fortune, in short, is that of a happy match between an "eminently" distinguished author and his grateful commentators, for whom he created the opportunity to say "new" things about man, art and life.
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Hirata, Hosea. "Translating Nishiwaki : beyond reading." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27317.
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This dissertation is divided into two parts. Part Two contains my translations of Japanese texts by Nishiwaki Junzaburō (1894-1982): three essays from Chōgenjitsushugi shiron (Surrealist Poetics) (1929), his first and second collections of poems written in Japanese, Ambarvalia (1933) and Tabibito kaerazu (No Traveller Returns) (1947), as well as a long poem from his "middle period," entitled "Eterunitas" (1962).
Part One, consisting of three chapters, attempts to expose various theoretical issues that these translations bring forth. Through this "exposé," several major issues surface, namely, the concepts of Language, Poetry, and Translation. Further, these concepts are interrelated by a "paradisal" centre—the notion of "non-meaning."
Chapter One presents a deconstructive examination of the notion of translation. Two opposing manifestations of Language, writing and reading, are set forth by way of Roland Barthes's textual concepts, "le scriptible" and "le lisible." "Writing" is here defined as a language-movement of production that opposes "knowledge," while "reading" is regarded as the consumption of codes, that is, "knowing." The question posed at this point is: what status does "translation" possess in terms of these two opposing language-movements? Is it writing or reading? Through Walter Benjamin's essay on translation, "Die Aufgabe des Übersetzers" (The Task of the Translator), as well as through Jacques Derrida's reading of it in his "Des Tours de Babel," translation is revealed to hold an essentially paradoxical function: a translation is secondary to the original in its status, yet it deconstructs the original and triggers the survival movement of Language towards its paradisal state of non-meaning. Thus translation is seen as partaking of an originary movement of writing, which Derrida elsewhere names "différance."
In Chapter Two, Nishiwaki's notion of Poetry presented in his Surrealist Poetics is discussed along with Georges Bataille's notions of "dépense" and "non-savoir," as well as with Derrida's grammatology. Nishiwaki proposes a negative evolution of poetry whose ultimate end is the (self-)extinction of poetry. Similarly, Bataille locates Poetry in the self-sacrificial "jouissance," beyond identity, beyond knowledge. Derrida's notion of "arche-writing" in turn exposes the "always-already" existence of the essentially transgressive movement of "writing" everywhere in our logocentric universe. Through these discourses, then, Poetry is envisioned as the death of writing, located outside of Language, in the paradise of non-meaning. Every writing strives towards this paradisal goal. At the same time, for Nishiwaki, this paradise includes an origin (the origin of poetry) which he names "tsumaranasa (boredom, insignificance) of reality." Poetry thus begins and ends in this fundamental loss of language, meaning, and knowledge.
In Chapter Three, the translated poems of Nishiwaki are discussed as representing not "reality" but a certain movement of Language, be it Benjamin's "translation" or Derrida's "arche-writing." The text of Ambarvalia essentially presents fissures in the Japanese language caused by the invasion of foreign tongues. Thus it is Nishiwaki's translatory textual strategy that produces a "new" poetic language. In No Traveller Returns, Nishiwaki's willful appropriation of past traditions is brought forth. In "Eterunitas," we witness the failure of silence, Language's failure to attain Poetry, initiating the incessant flow of writing, poetry, and translation, beyond reading.Arts, Faculty of
English, Department of
Graduate
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Miyauchi, Kazuko, and 宮內和子. "Reality inhabited by a poet, Nishiwaki Junzaburo." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30097447.
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Prpić, Maya. "Jean Cocteau : la morale du poète." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59382.
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The work of Jean Cocteau (1889-1963), the poet, while extremely diverse, presents nonetheless a coherence and a unity of tone which transmit his artistic vision and at the same time reveal his creative process.Three works in particular, Opium--Journal d'une desintoxication, La difficulte d'etre et le Journal d'un inconnu, permit us to retrace his poetic course.
Cocteau's art rests on the notion he has of poetry. With the help of the example set by Erik Satie, Raymond Radiguet and Pablo Picasso, he understood at an early age that poetry resided within him and that only by exploring himself and by following a set of morals--in this instance, morals signifies behaviour which conforms to the demands of poetry--would he attain a level of pure poetry.
All of this is evident as much in the ideas the poet conveys as in his style. The personality of the poet, his "ligne" to use Cocteau's words, becomes apparent the more the idea is accurate and the word chosen significant. As a result of this "ligne", of its presence in the work, the poet approaches immortality.
According to Cocteau, the work of a poet cannot flourish within human limits. The poet must transcend such limits to embody universal activity. It is for this reason that the poet must redefine religion and create for himself a personal mythology, that he must reconstruct the world starting from a play of spatial and temporal perspectives. His role thus proves essential to human survival. In effect, the poet fills the cosmic void in which man is evolving.
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Papachristos, Katherine. "Le théâtre de Tristan Tzara : le passage de l'oralité à l'écriture." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40221.
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This doctoral thesis analyzes the plays of Tristan Tzara, specifically La Premiere Aventure Celeste de Monsieur Antipyrine (1920), La Deuxieme Aventure Celeste de Monsieur Antipyrine (1920), Coeur a Gaz (1921) et Mouchoir de Nuages (1924).In the first part of our study we examine the production of (dramatic) language in its oral, graphic and written qualities. The dada language of the two drama-manifestoes tends to adopt a syllabic writing which defines itself as a sonorousness free of syntaxico-semantic contingencies. The writing in Coeur a Gaz is more graphic in that it defines linear writing in terms of its inscription in a bidimensional frame (list, table) which caracterizes theatre in itself. And while Mouchoir de Nuages adhers more closely to dramatic writing of a metadiscursive nature, the apparent linearity of the writing of this drama leads to the subversion of the stage writing (scenography) and therefore of theatre itelf.
In the second part of our thesis we study the question of language reception, indispensable for the understanding of the Dada phenomenon in particular and theatrical in general. The aleatory vocality La Premiere Aventure Celeste de Monsieur Antipyrine provoked a violent reception by the historical spectator of 1920, whose esthetic parameters (horizon of expectation) are analyzed. Insofar as Coeur a Gaz is concerned the performance of 1923 consecrated the rupture of Andre Breton with the Dada group and led to the birth of the surrealist movement. Finally, the revolutionary scenographic work of Mouchoir de Nuages radically modifies the scenic perception of the spectator and announces the pluralist art of the twentieth century.
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Hughes, Jeremy Francis. "An examination of the sonnets of E.E. Cummings." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002287.
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This dissertation examines E. E. Cummings's writings in the sonnet genre and in those genres to which the sonnet is related in various ways. Its fundamental point is that, despite the surface impression of poetic iconoclasm for which Cummings has a popular reputation, in choosing to write sonnets he engages in a traditional literary practice. He does this because his purpose is always to be an artist, as defined by the Aesthetic movement which influenced him. In order to argue his embracing of a traditional artistic role, the theory of genres espoused by Alastair Fowler in his book, Kinds of Literature, is used. Chapter 1 of the thesis comprises general introductory material, both to the range of Aesthetic ideas to which Cummings subscribed, and to Fowler's theory of genres. Several key generic kinds are also described. The second chapter makes use of two of these generic models, the sonnet sequence and the silva, as a way of examining Cummings's deployment of the sonnet within the larger context of his poetry collections. It is a survey of the structure of the anthologies he compiled from Tulips & Chimneys (1922) to 95 Poems (1958). The third chapter explores the three sonnet modes which Cummings first identifies and names when compiling the manuscript of Tulips & Chimneys, and continues to use in his collections up to and including is 5 (1926). Chapter 4 shows how certain themes and concerns from these early sonnets are altered and synthesised as Cummings matures from an aesthete to a Romantic poet. Sonnets from his later books are taken to be representative of three central kinds in all of his work after is 5. Chapters 3 and 4 proceed by means of relatively close readings of individual sonnets. This practice fulfils a double role: it penetrates the apparent obscurity of the more difficult poems, and it attempts to preserve the integrity of individual poems which exemplify different generic tendencies in Cummings's work. One of Cummings's reasons for writing sonnets is that the form favours the achievement of what Wordsworth calls "a feeling of intense unity". In undertaking close readings of a few sonnets I have attempted to preserve that feeling.
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So, Waifung. "Toward an aesthetics of sensation : a study of backlighting in Shunji Iwai's films." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2019. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/702.
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Shunij Iwai is a significant director of the Japanese New Independent cinema, who is best known for the fascinating visual style he adopted from the 1990s onwards. Rejecting the obsession with Japaneseness in Japanese cinema, Iwai developed a unique style of aestheticism through the use of backlighting, a technique he refined in partnership with cinematographer Noboru Shinoda. In existing academic studies on backlighting, cinematic lighting has generally been understood as a representational element that works to fulfill the needs of narration. Examples of such studies include Sharon A. Russell's (1981) semiotic study on the lighting style of French cinema, Patrick Keating's (2010) discussion of lighting convention in classical Hollywood cinema, and Lara Thompson's (2015) analysis on the use of light as a narrative tool in narrative cinema. By contrast, lighting in Shunji Iwai's films works in a different way. This difference prompts me to review the general conceptualization of cinematic lighting and turn to a materialist perspective, a non- representational attempt to study the sensation of lighting in cinema. By adopting Deleuze's concepts of cinema and sensation, this project provides an analytical trajectory for studying lighting in cinema. I argue that lighting as an aesthetic materiality renders a new understanding of the film world of Shunji Iwai as something derived from the Deleuzian poetics of sensation. This argument can be a starting point for critically rethinking lighting as a means for producing a circulation of cinematic affects.
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Taylor, Bruce. "All natural shapes : symbolism in the poetry of Theodore Roethke." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65327.
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MacLeod, Kirsten. "Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, and audiences of aestheticism." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20442.
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By examining the process of production and reception of the works of Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde, this thesis explores the ways in which both conceptions of audience and actual audiences shaped these works. As proponents of "aestheticism," a philosophy which required the development of a highly specialised mode of perception and critical awareness, Pater and Wilde wrote with a fairly select audience in mind. Confronted, however, with actual readers who did not always meet the "aesthetic" criteria (even if they were supporters), they were forced to rethink their conceptions of audience. Pater's and Wilde's developing understandings of audience can be traced in their works, as they experiment with style and genre in an attempt to communicate effectively with their readers. Although at base Pater and Wilde advocated a similar "aesthetic" philosophy, their distinct conceptions of audience played a significant role in determining the nature of their particular versions of aestheticism.
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Galvin, Terrance. "Gravity and light : looking through the architecture of Jean Cocteau." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60066.
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The thesis examines a select amount of poesie by the artist Jean Cocteau, and through interpretation, explores the architecture of his work. This process of interpretation poses two questions: What is the role of the architect today, compared with his role as understood throughout history? How does the production of architecture today reflect the mechanisms of capitalism with its division of knowledge and labour, compared with an architecture which is inclusive and reconciliatory?A clear message emerges from Cocteau's Poesie as a response to the two aspects of Orpheus: the first is represented by the processes of individual creativity, and the second by the collective realization of a project, whether it be a work of theatre, the production of a film, or the design and realization of a building.
A work does not end in handing it over for someone else to finish.
Books on the topic "1894-1963 Criticism and interpretation"
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Bernfried, Nugel, ed. Now more than ever: Proceedings of the Aldous Huxley Centenary Symposium, Münster, 1994. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1996.
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Unamuno, Miguel de. Escritos bilbainos (1879-1894). Bilbao: [s.n.], 1999.
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Firchow, Peter Edgerly. Reluctant modernists: Aldous Huxley and some contemporaries : a collection of essays. Münster: Lit, 2003.
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Giovanni March: 1894-1974. Bologna: Cappelli, 1985.
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Carey, Edith. Claire-Lise Monnier: 1894-1978. Lausanne: Bibliothèque des arts, 1992.
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Tarasov, V. Nikolaĭ Nikolaevich Ge: 1831-1894. Leningrad: "Khudozhnik RSFSR", 1989.
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Lāshīn, Maḥmūd Ṭāhir. Maḥmūd Ṭ̣āhir Lāshīn, 1894-1954. al-Qāhirah: al-Majlis al-Aʻlá lil-Thaqāfah, 1999.
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Lespinasse, François. Emile Nicolle, 1830-1894. Paris: G.E.D.A., 1998.
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Dieter, Schwarz. Sonja Sekula, 1918-1963. [Winterthur]: Kunstmuseum Winterthur, 1996.
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1957-, Sprecher Thomas, and Bernini Cornelia, eds. Ausgewählte Aufsätze, 1963-1995. Frankfurt am Main: Klostermann, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "1894-1963 Criticism and interpretation"
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"C.S. Lewis (1894–1963): The Psychological Reader." In Twentieth-Century Chaucer Criticism, 39–57. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315549507-3.
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Aude, Nicolas. "Critique from the Underground: Interpretation of Dostoevsky’s Novels and the Concept of Mimetic Desire in Rene Girard’s theory." In “Notes from Underground” by F.M. Dostoevsky in the Culture of Europe and America, 291–97. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/978-5-9208-0668-0-291-297.
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The article aims to study conceptual metaphor of the “underground” in Rene Girard’s mimetic theory. French literary theorist and anthropologist began to mention the dostoevskian topography developed in Notes from Underground (1864) within his first book Deceit, Desire and the Novel (1961), where he started to shape his views on triangular desire. A study of Dostoevsky’s reception in the works of Girard allows emphasizing the significance of literary works in the very process of theoretical thinking of Girard, even though his books quickly went beyond the framework of traditional literary criticism. The ancient Greek tragedies and novels of Dostoevsky gave Girard an opportunity to argue with Sigmund Freud’s theses, redefine the Oedipus complex model and propose a new hierarchy between fiction and theory in the field of humanities. In his monograph on Dostoevsky published in 1963, Girard himself becomes a true novelist. While he composes a biographical legend, the French critic turns the Russian writer into a literary hero who has been healed of romantic illusions about desire.
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"clash between the beauty-loving Renaissance and the he [Spenser] was quickly swept overboard because of moral Reformation. In the light of the medieval reli-his inability to write like Donne, Eliot, and Allen gious tradition examined by Tuve, Guyon destroys Tate’ (1968:2). His extended interpretation of Book the Bower because he ‘looks at the kind of complete II, The Allegorical Temper (1957), followed by essays seduction which means the final death of the soul’ on the other books, traces the changing psycholo-(31). gical or psychic development of the poem’s major If the New Critics of the 1930s to the early 1950s characters by ‘reading the poem as a poem’ (9) rather had been interested in Spenser (few were), they than as a historical document. My own book, The would not have considered his intention in writing Structure of Allegory in ‘The Faerie Queene’ (1961a), The Faerie Queene because that topic had been dis-which I regard now as the work of a historical critic missed as a fallacy. For Wimsatt and Beardsley partly rehabilitated by myth and archetypal criticism, 1954:5 (first proclaimed in 1946), ‘The poem is not examines the poem’s structure through its patterns the critic’s own and not the author’s (it is detached of imagery, an interest shared with Alastair Fowler, from the author at birth and goes about the world Spenser and the Numbers of Time (1964), and by beyond his power to intend about it or control it)’. Kathleen Williams, Spenser’s ‘Faerie Queene’: The So much for any poet’s intention, conscious or World of Glass (1966). unconscious, realized or not. Not that it would have In any history of modern Spenser criticism – for a mattered much, for the arbiter of taste at that time, general account, see Hadfield 1996b – Berger may T.S. Eliot, had asked rhetorically: ‘who, except schol-serve as a key transitional figure. In a retrospective ars, and except the eccentric few who are born with glance at his essays on Spenser written from 1958 to a sympathy for such work, or others who have delib-1987, he acknowledges that ‘I still consider myself erately studied themselves into the right apprecia-a New Critic, even an old-fashioned one’ who tion, can now read through the whole of The Faerie has been ‘reconstructed’ by New Historicism Queene with delight?’ (1932:443). In Two Letters, (1989:208). In Berger 1988:453–56, he offers a per-Spenser acknowledges that the gods had given him sonal account of his change, admitting that as a New the gift to delight but never to be useful (Dii mihi, Critic he had been interested ‘in exploring complex dulce diu dederant: verùm vtile numquam), though representations of ethico-psychological patterns’ he wishes they had; and, in the Letter to Raleigh, he apart from ‘the institutional structures and discourses recognizes that the general end of his poem could be that give them historical specificity’. Even so, he had achieved only through fiction, which ‘the most part allowed that earlier historical study, which had been of men delight to read, rather for variety of matter, concerned with ‘historical specificity’, was ‘solid and then for profite of the ensample’ (10). As a conse-important’. For the New Historicist Louis Adrian quence, he addresses his readers not by teaching them Montrose, however, earlier historical scholarship didactically but rather through delight. It follows that ‘merely impoverished the text’ (Berger 1988:8), and if his poem does not delight, it remains a closed book. he is almost as harsh towards Berger himself, com-Several critics who first flourished in the 1950s and plaining that his writings ‘have tended to avoid direct 1960s responded initially to Spenser’s words and confrontations of sociopolitical issues’, though he imagery rather than to his ideas, thought, or histor-blames ‘the absence of a historically specific socio-ical context. One is Donald Cheney, who, in Spenser’s political dimension’ on the time they were written – Image of Nature (1966), read The Faerie Queene a time when ‘the sociopolitical study of Spenser was ‘under the intensive scrutiny which has been applied epitomized by the pursuit of topical identifications or in recent decades to metaphysical lyrics’, seeking the cataloguing of commonplaces’ (7). In contrast, out ‘ironic, discordant impulses’, ‘rapidly shifting the New Historicism, of which he is the most elo-allusions’, and the poet’s ‘constant insistence upon quent theorist, sees a work embedded – i.e. intrins-the ambiguity of his images’ (7, 17, 20). Another is ically, inextricably fixed – not in history generally, Paul Alpers, whose The Poetry of ‘The Faerie Queene’ and certainly not in ‘cosmic politics’ that Thomas (1967) demonstrated that individual stanzas of the Greene 1963:406 claims to be the concern of all epics, poem may be subjected to very intense scrutiny. A but in a historically specific sociopolitical context. third, the most influential of all, is Harry Berger, Jr, (For further comments on their clash, see Hamilton." In Spenser: The Faerie Queene, 25. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315834696-23.
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