Journal articles on the topic '1879-1953'

Birman M. A. P. M. Bicilli (1879-1953). Life and creativity. - Moscow: Vodoley, 2018. - 444 p. The paper deals with the new publication devoted to P. M. Bicilli (1879-1953) in the broad historical context. The author of the book is Mikhail Birman, the specialist in the field of Slavic and Balkan studies, who has created the original approach to the intellectual biography and the interpretation of the heritage of P. M. Bicilli, was a pioneer in the field of emigration culture studies. The aim of the paper is to review the new publication of the “patriarch” of this trend of historiography, which summaries his previous performance.

Se redescribe Hermaea dakariensis Pruvot-Fol, 1953 a partir de ejemplares colectados en las islas Canarias y se propone su reubicación en el género Placida Trinchese, 1879, aportando nuevos datos sobre su anatomía.

Abstract В рецензии предпринята попытка анализа новой монографии М. А. Бирмана «П. М. Бицилли (1879–1953). Жизнь и творчество» (Москва: Водолей, 2018). Особое внимание в ходе анализа уделяется полемике с предложенным автором монографии термином «бицилливедение».

Przedmiotem publikacji jest postać wybitnego, zapomnianego lekarza płk. dr. Mieczysława Marxa (Marksa). W trakcie badań autorka starała się, jak najdokładniej odtworzyć jego życiorys, dokonując wnikliwej kwerendy w Centralnym Archiwum Wojskowym Wojskowego Biura Historycznego oraz w Państwowym Archiwum w Łodzi. Dużo cennych informacji oraz dokumentacji fotograficznej dostarczyła także sama rodzina pułkownika. W artykule zostały przedstawione losy płk. dr. Mieczysława Marxa (Marksa) od momentu jego narodzin w Brześciu nad Bugiem (29 listopada 1989 r.), poprzez okres nauki i studiów, kolejno w trakcie trwania I wojny światowej, aż po okres międzywojnia i po roku 1945. Postać płk. dr. Mieczysława Marxa (Marksa) jest ważna dla miasta Łodzi – to właśnie z nią związany był przez większość swojego życia. Pełnił ważne stanowiska wojskowe w Okręgu Korpusu nr IV w Łodzi, m.in. od 18 czerwca 1930 r. był Szefem Sanitarnym przy Okręgu Korpusu nr IV w Łodzi. Oprócz sprawowania stanowisk medycznych i wojskowych związany był także ze strażą pożarną. Od stycznia 1936 r. był komendantem Ochotniczej Straży Pożarnej w Łodzi. Jego losy w okresie II wojny światowej są słabiej znane, jednak wiadomo, że przebywał w Warszawie i w czasie Powstania Warszawskiego opiekował się rannymi i chorymi w szpitalu w Milanówku. W październiku 1944 r. przeniósł się do Radomia. Po wojnie powrócił do Łodzi.

Abstract. The braziliansavannah, called Cerrado, has the richest flora among the world’s savannahs, and the State of Goiás comprises part of this biome. We present here a checklist for Goiás based on literature and specimens collected, with 18 species of Notonectidae, including new distribution records of Martarega membranacea White, 1879, and first records of Buenoa konta Nieser & Pelli, 1994; Buenoa pseudomutabilis Barbosa, Ribeiro & Nessimian, 2010; Buenoa tarsalis Truxal, 1953; Martarega bentoi Truxal, 1949 and Martarega brasiliensis Truxal, 1949 in the State. This checklist highlights a gap in the knowledge of Notonectidae and a great necessity of works with diversity of backswimmers in Goiás.Lista de espécies e registros novos de Notonectidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha) do Estado de Goiás, BrasilResumo. A savanna brasileira, chamada de Cerrado, possui a maior riqueza de flora dentre as savannas mundiais, e o Estado de Goiás encontra-se dentro dos limites deste bioma. Apresentamos aqui uma lista de espécies para Goiás baseada em literatura e espécimes coletados, com 18 espécies de Notonectidae, incluindo registros novos de distribuição de Martarega membranacea White, 1879, e o primeiro registro no Estado de Buenoa konta Nieser & Pelli, 1994; Buenoa pseudomutabilis Barbosa, Ribeiro & Nessimian, 2010; Buenoa tarsalis Truxal, 1953; Martarega bentoi Truxal, 1949 e Martarega brasiliensis Truxal, 1949. Esta lista destaca uma lacuna no conhecimento de Notonectidae e a grande necessidade de desenvolvimento de artigos com foco na diversidade de Notonectidae em Goiás.

Japanese species of the genus Zeugophora Kunze, 1818 (Coleoptera, Megalopodidae, Zeugophorinae) are revised. In this publication, Zeugophora annulata (Baly, 1873), Z. unifasciata (Jacoby, 1885), Z. hozumii Chûjô, 1953, Z. japonica Chûjô, 1951, Z. varipes (Jacoby, 1885), Z. chujoi Ohno, 1961, Z. flavonotata (Chûjô, 1935), and Z. gracilis unicolor Chûjô, 1958 are redescribed, with detailed illustrations of the male and female genitalia. Additionally, Z. nigricollis (Jacoby, 1885) is restored to a valid species from junior synonymy with Z. bicolor (Kraatz, 1879), and Z. cupka sp. nov., is described as a new species.

A total of 14 genus and 108 species synonyms in family Aphididae are listed with explanations and comments. Synonyms involving aphid names in the economic literature include: Acyrthosiphon bidentis Eastop 1953 = Acyrthosiphon ilka Mordvilko 1914; Aphidura mingens Pintera 1970 = Aphidura picta Hille Ris Lambers 1956; Aphis armoraciae Cowan 1895, Aphis maidiradicis Forbes 1891 and Aphis menthaeradicis Cowan 1895 = Aphis (Protaphis) middletonii Thomas 1879; Diuraphis (Holcaphis) agropyronophaga Zhang, 1991 = Diuraphis (Holcaphis) tritici (Gillette, 1911); Sitobion chanikiwiti (Eastop 1959) and Sitobion howlandae (Eastop 1959) = Sitobion leelamaniae (David 1958). An annotated list of 36 other proposed nomenclatural changes is provided.

Nikolai Nikolaevich Evreinov (1879–1953) has never been accorded his due credit as one of the most original thinkers and practitioners of modern European theatre. The absence of a rigorous and extensive appraisal of Evreinov's vast creative output has undoubtedly blinded otherwise well-informed critics to the seminal importance of his ideas on the essence of theatre. While names like Stanislavsky, Meyerhold, Strindberg, Piscator, Brecht, Artaud, Craig, Appia, Reinhardt, Pirandello and even the lesser known Russians, Vakhtangov and Tairov have all become by-words in the history of experimental and innovative theatre, Evreinov has remained a shadowy figure.

In this paper on the Western European Trichoptera we survey the Ptilocolepidae family and the Anisogamus and Sericostoma genera as well as describe 12 new species: Wormaldia arlua sp. nov. (France), Plectrocnemia estrela sp. nov. (Portugal and Spain), Rhyacophila fusunae sp. nov. (Spain), Ptilocolepus kover sp. nov. (France and Spain), Ptilocolepus sovan sp. nov. (France and Spain), Drusus demonta sp. nov. (Italy), D. roya sp. nov. (France), Anisogamus nahueli sp. nov. (France), A. sandreniko sp. nov. (France), Consorophylax vellach sp. nov. (Austria), Sericostoma unaequale sp. nov. (Italy). Moreover, Rhyacophila ildefonsa sp. nov. (Spain), is distinguished from R. relicta McLachlan, 1879, and Rhyacophila erkakanae Sipahiler, 1993 stat. nov. is considered as a valid species different from R. rupta McLachlan, 1879. The male of Chaetopteryx cantabrica Oláh & Vinçon, 2022 is described for the first time. Wormaldia maclachlani Kimmins, 1953, Tinodes jeekeli Botosaneanu, 1980, Lithax obscurus (Hagen, 1859), Crunoecia kempnyi Morton, 1901 are new for Italy, Diplectrona magna Mosely, 1930, Drusus thibaulti Decamps, 1972 are reported as new for Spain; Chaetopteryx tomaszewski Moretti, 1991, Consorophylax kimera (Oláh & Vinçon, 2021) are new for France.

We present a survey of the semiaquatic bugs (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Gerromorpha) from Parque Natural Municipal das Andorinhas, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. Thirteen species are recorded from the area based on regular collection events, namely Brachymetra albinervus (Amyot & Serville, 1843); Cylindrostethus palmaris Drake & Harris, 1934; Halobatopsis delectus Drake & Harris, 1941; Ha. platensis (Berg, 1879); Metrobates plaumanni genikos Nieser, 1993; Neogerris kontos Nieser, 1994 (Gerridae); Hydrometra fruhstorferi Hungerford & Evans, 1934 (Hydrometridae); Platyvelia brachialis (Stål, 1860); Rhagovelia macta Drake & Carvalho, 1955; R. robusta Gould, 1931; R. sbolos Nieser & Melo, 1997; R. triangula Drake, 1953; and R. trianguloides Nieser & Melo, 1997 (Veliidae).

We present a survey of the semiaquatic bugs (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Gerromorpha) from Parque Natural Municipal das Andorinhas, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. Thirteen species are recorded from the area based on regular collection events, namely Brachymetra albinervus (Amyot & Serville, 1843); Cylindrostethus palmaris Drake & Harris, 1934; Halobatopsis delectus Drake & Harris, 1941; Ha. platensis (Berg, 1879); Metrobates plaumanni genikos Nieser, 1993; Neogerris kontos Nieser, 1994 (Gerridae); Hydrometra fruhstorferi Hungerford & Evans, 1934 (Hydrometridae); Platyvelia brachialis (Stål, 1860); Rhagovelia macta Drake & Carvalho, 1955; R. robusta Gould, 1931; R. sbolos Nieser & Melo, 1997; R. triangula Drake, 1953; and R. trianguloides Nieser & Melo, 1997 (Veliidae).

The life cycle of Campalecium medusiferum ? Torrey, 1902 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) was traced in the laboratory from material collected from the Bay of Biscay (northeastern Atlantic). Both newly released and one-month-old male medusae with fully-grown gonads are described, with remarks on their biology and behaviour. The adult medusa corresponds with the diagnosis of Eucheilota McCrady, 1859, and the species is reassigned from Haleciidae Hincks, 1868 to Lovenellidae Russell, 1953. The genus Campalecium Torrey, 1902 can be considered valid only if the characters of a species with Halecium-like polyps and Eucheilota-like medusae are considered of generic significance. Instead, the species studied here is assigned to Eucheilota, as E. medusifera ? (Torrey, 1902) (comb. nov.), and Campalecium is considered a likely synonym of that genus. The medusa is different from Lovenella cirrata (Haeckel, 1879), type species of the genus Mitrocomium Haeckel, 1879, previously suggested to have been linked to the same hydroid in the Mediterranean. A supposed connection between medusae of L. cirrata and Halecium-like hydroids cannot be supported, and assigning these hydroids to Mitrocomium is rejected. Future studies may prove that Halecium-like hydroids release medusae of diverse genera within the family Lovenellidae.

Politics and Sufism, Two things that would never meet, There is a subjective view that the decline of Islam is due to the Sufis distancing themselves from the social and political activity. Historical facts prove that the Sufis who come to the archipelago have taught the real Islam and comprehensive in both the social, economic and political fields. This review will present historical evidence of the Sufi political tradition in the Indonesian archipelago and West Kalimantan in particular through the study of the third most popular ulamas of West Kalimantan in the 19th and 20th centuries namely AhmadKhatib al-Sambasi (1802-1879), Muhammad Basuni bin Muhammad `Imran (1885-1953) dan Guru Haji Isma’il Mundu (1870 – 1957).

AbstractAll nominal species of European Helicopsyche are critically assessed. A neotype for H. shuttleworthi Siebold, 1856, the type species of Helicopsyche, is designated which fixes the name as a valid senior synonym of H. revelieri McLachlan, 1884 and H. corsica Vaillant, 1953. The senior synonym Helicopsyche helicifex (Allen, 1857) is suggested to replace H. sericea Hagen, 1864 and H. lusitanica McLachlan, 1884, and the senior synonym Helicopsyche crispata (Benoit, 1857) to replace H. agglutinans (Tassinari, 1858) and H. sperata McLachlan, 1876. Helicopsyche fannii Rougemont, 1879 is a nomen nudum. The females of Helicopsyche helicifex and H. megalochari Malicky, 1974 are described for the first time. The first keys to males and females of the European Helicopsyche are presented.

AbstractA survey of lakes and reservoirs during the spring and summer of 2012 found that five species of calanoid copepods are invasive in the continental United States: Arctodiaptomus dorsalis (Marsh, 1907), Skistodiaptomus pallidus (Herrick, 1879), Eurytemora affinis (Poppe, 1880), Pseudodiaptomus forbesi (Poppe & Richard, 1890), and Sinocalanus doerri (Brehm, 1909). Two species are listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Skistodiaptomus carolinensis (Yeatman, 1986) and S. sinuatus (Kincaid, 1953). Sample locations for the five invasive and two rare species are reported and compared to historical distributions. Results corroborate previous reports of range expansion for the five invasive species, indicating that these species have likely become well-established in regions into which they have recently expanded. New localities for the two rare taxa suggest a possible range expansion within the USA.

The letters of émigré woman writer Ekaterina Bakunia (1889 –1976) to the dramatist, director and theater historian Nikolai Evreinov (1879 –1953) are published for the first time. These documents are of great value: these letters encourage us to plunge into creative laboratory of Bakunina (her collection of poems entitled “Poems,” two novels — “The Body” and “Some love for six persons”), to discover her doubts and fears (description of human body and physical love in literature) as well as some details about literary émigré life. The correspondence with Evreinov enlightens its readers about a marginal status of the authors, especially women writers, who dare to raise prohibited questions. “Minor” women writers were systematically under pressure of literary canon and cultural rhythm of the epoch and therefore they were forced to characterize their texts as quickly and badly written and “minor.” The publication includes a very short introduction, the correspondence with comments and a list of references.

Rhagovelia medinae sp. nov., of the hambletoni group (angustipes complex), and R. utria sp. nov., of the hirtipes group (robusta complex), are described, illustrated, and compared with similar congeners. Based on the examination of type specimens, six new synonymies are proposed: R. elegans Uhler, 1894 = R. pediformis Padilla-Gil, 2010, syn. nov.; R. cauca Polhemus, 1997 = R. azulita Padilla-Gil, 2009, syn. nov., R. huila Padilla-Gil, 2009, syn. nov., R. oporapa Padilla-Gil, 2009, syn. nov, R. quilichaensis Padilla-Gil, 2011, syn. nov.; and R. gaigei, Drake & Hussey, 1947 = R. victoria Padilla-Gil, 2012 syn. nov. The first record from Colombia is presented for R. trailii (White, 1879), and the distributions of the following species are extended in the country: R. cali Polhemus, 1997, R. castanea Gould, 1931, R. cauca Polhemus, 1997, R. gaigei Drake & Hussey, 1957, R. elegans Uhler, 1894, R. femoralis Champion, 1898, R. malkini Polhemus, 1997, R. perija Polhemus, 1997, R. sinuata Gould, 1931, R. venezuelana Polhemus, 1997, R. williamsi Gould, 1931, and R. zeteki Drake, 1953.

The article compares for the first time the philosophical and aesthetic views on Russian literature and language of two prominent representatives of Russian abroad — the critic Yu.I. Aykhenvald (1872–1928) and the medievalist, interpreter of Russian classics P.M. Bitsilli (1879–1953). A full overview of factual materials identified to date is given, confirming the mutual interest of Yu.I. Aykhenvald and P.M. Bitsilli: documents from P.M. Bitsilli collection at the Institute of Russian literature (Pushkin House) of the RAS, Yu.I.Aykhenvald’s review from the Berlin newspaper “Rul'”on P.M. Bitsilli’s “Studies on Russian Poetry”, obituary of Yu.I. Aykhenvald, which was published by P.M. Bitsilli in the Sofia newspaper “Golos”. Among the issues raised are the impact which Aykhenvald’s immanent method of analyzing a literary text had on P.M. Bitsilli’s aesthetically individualizing method, the approaches of both authors to solving the morphology of Russian culture and philosophy of the nation, the connection of the Pushkin theme with thoughts about the fate of post-revolutionary Russia and Russian language in their works, which they articulated during the discussion of S. and A. Volkonsky’s book “In defense of the Russian language”.

From 8-12 August 1914, the British Association for the Advancement of Science, meeting in Australia, descended on Adelaide. The meeting included delegates from a dozen overseas countries, including many from the United Kingdom. Amongst the visiting geologists were Arthur Philemon Coleman (1852-1939) and William Morris Davis (1850-1934), Rollin Thomas Chamberlin (1881-1948) and John Walter Gregory (1864-1932), Albrecht Penck (1858-1945) and Johannes Walther (1860-1937), Alexander du Toit (1878-1948) and Hartley Travers Ferrar (1879-1932), George William Lamplugh (1859-1926) and Sydney Hugh Reynolds (1867-1949), as well as the home-based T. W. Edgeworth David (1858-1934) and Ernest Willington Skeats (1875-1953). The proceedings created immense public interest and brought science to the people in a way never before achieved in Australia. That the meeting proceeded at all is a tribute to the Australian Government, the Association, and the conference organisers, as well as the participants, for the First World War had been declared only a few days before the meeting. The interactions between the home population and the delegates, and between delegates, provide an enlightening commentary on the values and standards of our world almost a century ago.

The South American sabellid polychaete worm collections of Phyllis Knight-Jones and José María Orensanz were recovered, curated and specimens identified, comprising fourteen species grouped in nine genera. Five species belonging to the genera Chone Krøyer, 1856, Acromegalomma Gil and Nishi, 2017, Notaulax Tauber, 1879, Parasabella Bush, 1905, and Pseudopotamilla Bush, 1905, are described as new to science from the Patagonian Shelf (Argentina). Jasmineira crumenifera Hartmann-Schröder, 1986, Myxicola sulcata Ehlers, 1912, Parasabella columbi (Kinberg, 1867), Perkinsiana antarctica (Kinberg, 1867) and Perkinsiana assimilis (McIntosh, 1885) are redescribed and reported from several Patagonian localities. Three new combinations are made: Sabella tilosaula Schmarda, 1861, is transferred to Notaulax, Sabella magalhaensis Kinberg, 1867, to Perkinsiana Knight-Jones, 1983, and Potamilla platensis Hartman, 1953, to Pseudopotamilla. Potamethus littoralis Hartman, 1967, was synonymized with Perkinsiana magalhaensis. Notaulax tilosaula, Perkinsiana antarctica and P. magalhaensis are reported from the biogeographical subregion Humboldt Current System, whereas Bispira sp., Chone orensanzi sp. nov., Jasmineira crumenifera, Acromegalomma schwindtae sp. nov., M. sulcata, Notaulax salazari sp. nov., Parasabella columbi, P. yonowae sp. nov., Perkinsiana assimilis, Pseudopotamilla platensis, and P. knightjonesae sp. nov., are reported from the Patagonian Shelf.

PionosyllisMalmgren, 1867 is revised based on a cladistic analysis of the 41 species considered herein as valid, two newly described species in this paper (Basidiosyllis victoriaeandOpisthodonta russelli), 11 species from other genera actually belonging, or related to,Pionosyllis, and 13 syllid species from different subfamilies. The phylogenetic analysis is based on 55 characters; a strict consensus of 1200 equally parsimonious trees (length = 314 steps) was obtained. The clades containing species usually included withinPionosyllisare newly named within the frame of a new Linnean classification of the group (except for one, belonging to another subfamily). The diagnosis ofPionosyllisis emended, and five new genera are proposed:Synmerosyllis,Basidiosyllis,Westheidesyllis,PerkinsyllisandBrevicirrosyllis.ParaehlersiaSan Martín, 2003, proved to be closely related toPionosyllis. Seven species are transferred toOpisthodontaLangerhans, 1879, here emended, and three transferred toNudisyllisKnox & Cameron, 1970 (according to San Martín & Hutchings, 2006).Opisthodonta uraga(Imajima, 1966) comb. nov. andPerkinsyllis longisetosacomb. nov. are redescribed.Pionosyllis compactaMalmgren, 1867,P. styliferaEhlers, 1913,P. giganteaMoore, 1908,P. enigmatica(Wesenberg-Lund, 1950), andNudisyllis magnidens(Day, 1953) comb. nov., are redescribed.Pionosyllis marquesensisMonro, 1939 andP. proceraHartman, 1965 likely belong to the Syllinae, thus they are not treated in the taxonomic account.

We present a revision of the Clavatulidae gastropods of the Neogene of the Central and Eastern Paratethys seas. In total, 111 species level names have been used in the literature for Clavatulidae of the Paratethys Sea. After revision, we document 83 species. Seventeen genus-level groups are recognized, of which eleven are formally described. Six species-groups cannot be clearly placed in a certain Clavatulidae genus. The presence of Clavatula, Perrona, Pusionella, Scaevatula and Tomellana in the Paratethyan assemblages documents a biogeographic relationship with extant Clavatulidae faunas from the tropical eastern Atlantic. No Indo-West Pacific influences were observed, as Paratethyan species previously placed in Turricula, which belongs within the Clavatulidae, do not belong within that genus. The Langhian (middle Miocene) diversity of 62 species is comparable to the number of extant species recorded from West Africa (~65 species), but displays a much higher diversity at genus level. This high biodiversity in Paratethyan assemblages suggests that the Central Paratethys was a major center of radiation for clavatulid gastropods, which is also expressed by a high endemicity of 98.8%. In contrast, the clavatulid diversity in the Eastern Paratethys was very low and stratigraphically restricted to the early Miocene Sakaraulian. Granulatocincta nov. gen., Megaclavatula nov. gen., Neoperrona nov. gen., Olegia nov. gen., Striopusionella nov. gen. are established as new genera. Clavatula sorini nov. sp., ‘Clavatula’ irisae nov. sp., Tomellana dulaii nov. sp., Tomellana aueri nov. sp., Granulatocincta callim nov. sp., Granulatocincta theoderichi nov. sp., Megaclavatula grunerti nov. sp., Megaclavatula pilleri nov. sp., Neoperrona zoltanorum nov. sp., Olegia mandici nov. sp., Perrona koeberli nov. sp., Perrona loetschi nov. sp., Pusionella hofmanni nov. sp. are described as new species from the Miocene Paratethys, and ‘Clavatula’ ariejansseni nov. sp., ‘Clavatula’ atatuerki nov. sp. and Granulatocincta pelliscrocodili nov. sp., are described from the eastern Proto-Mediterranean Karaman Basin of Turkey. ‘Clavatula’ jarzynkae nov. nom., Perrona grossi nov. nom., Perrona ilonae nov. nom. and Perrona wanzenboecki nov. nom. are introduced as new names for Clavatula auingeri Finlay, 1927 [non Hilber, 1879], Pleurotoma (Clavatula) auingeri Hilber, 1879 [non Hoernes, 1875], Clavatula vindobonensis nodosa Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1954 [non Bellardi, 1847] and Pleurotoma concinna Handmann, 1883 [non Scacchi, 1836] respectively. Clavatula kowalewskii Bałuk, 2003, Clavatula letkésensis Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1953, Pleurotoma aculeatum Eichwald, 1830, Pleurotoma subscalaris Handmann, 1882 and Pleurotoma (Clavatula) reginae Hoernes & Auinger, 1891 are treated as junior subjective synonyms of Pleurotoma (Clavatula) antoniae Hoernes & Auinger, 1891, Perrona emmae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1879), Pleurotoma laevigata Eichwald, 1830, Pleurotoma schreibersi Hörnes, 1854 and Pleurotoma (Clavatula) apolloniae Hoernes & Auinger, 1891 respectively.

Telemiades Hübner, [1819] is currently comprised of 22 species and 14 subspecies distributed exclusively in the neotropics. The genus is defined by the morphological pattern of the uncus, apiculus, labial palpi and venation. However, some species have a uniform pattern of coloration making it difficult to establish their correct identity in some cases. The aims of the present study were to present a taxonomic revision of Telemiades Hübner, [1819] in order to provide a stable taxonomic hypothesis for the group, to describe the new species and to present diagnoses to help in species identification. According to the present study, Telemiades is now composed of 41 species. Fourteen new species are recognized and described. Three subspecies are here treated as valid species: T. marpesus (Hewitson, 1876) stat. rest., T. misitheus Mabille, 1888 stat. rest. and T. pekahia (Hewitson, 1868) stat. rest. Two synonyms are treated as valid species: T. insulsus (Draudt, 1922), stat. rev. and T. xantho Hayward, 1939 stat. rev. Five new synonyms are proposed: Plesioneura lamus Mabille, 1888 syn. nov. and Telemiades antiope tosca Evans, 1953 syn. nov. of T. antiope (Plötz, 1882), Echelatus punctatus Mabille & Boullet, 1917 syn. nov. of T. epicalus Hübner, [1819], Proteides nicola Plötz, 1882 syn. nov. of T. laogonus (Hewitson, 1876) and Eudamus phlius Plötz, 1881 syn. nov. of T. nicomedes (Möschler, 1879). To provide stability for existing names, six neotypes were designated for: Proteides amphion Geyer, 1832, Plesioneura compressa Möschler, 1877, Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781, Telegonus mygdon Möschler, 1877, Proteides aesopus Plötz, 1882 and Papilio corbulo Stoll, 1781; and 19 lectotypes for: Aethilla buffumi Weeks, 1906, Eudamus marpesus Hewitson, 1876, Telemiades misitheus Mabille, 1888, Pterygospidea pekahia Hewitson, 1868, Telemiades lurideolus Mabille, 1877, Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876, Eudamus penidas Hewitson, 1867, Telemiades ceramina Herrich–Schäffer, 1869, Telemiades megalloides Schaus, 1902, Pythonides hoyti Weeks, 1906, Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876, Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819], Eudamus phasias Hewitson, 1867, Telemiades arcturus Herrich–Schäffer, 1869, Echelatus punctatus Mabille & Boullet, 1917, Eudamus centrites Hewitson, 1870, Telegonus gallius Mabille, 1888, Telegonus nicomedes Möschler, 1879, and Arteurotia meris Plötz, 1886.

The article examines the monograph by the Israeli historian M. Birman “P. Bitsilli (1879– 1953). Life and Work”, which offers “a consolidated review of life and work” by the Russian and Bulgarian scholar and humanist Peter Bitsilli. It is noted that the monograph was written in the genre of intellectual biography, conventional for historiography, when the personal life and creative activities of the investigated historical figure are closely intertwined with broad cultural and historical contexts of the era. The article emphasizes that in contrast to the biographies of people of the past widespread in the scholarly literature, this narrative centres around a historical person, whose name remained in oblivion for more than half a century after his death, both in academic sphere and in historical memory. Despite the fact that the book poses many questions about the daily life and intellectual activity of a scholar, it does not provide the answers on the basis of research methods. It is not grounded on a rich source base; similarly to many other modern studies, the book is lacking in the information related to the considerable surviving number of archival documents, the materials of which would give answers to many questions regarding the biography of P. Bitsilli. Despite some shortcomings, omissions in the presentation of the material in the book, many questions posed for the first time by the author have been addressed and arouse genuine interest. One of the characteristic features of the reviewed work is its bibliographic component.

This paper aims to explain the content and inclination of the interpretive thoughts of the Sufi scholars in the Province of West Kalimantan. Among the Sufi scholars most popular in West Kalimantan in the 19th century and 20 were Ahmad Khatib al-Sambasi (1802-1879 AD), Muhammad Imran Basuni (1885-1953 AD) and Isma'il Mundu (1870-1957 AD). The works produced by these scholars are still in the form of manuncripts as the objects of study in this paper. This is a library research with philological and historical approaches. There are several stages in philological research including inventory, description of manuscripts, transfer of script and transfer of language. To support those four phases of philological research, the researcher employes content analysis in doing further exploration to the resermanuscripts. Very supprising, specific findings are presented. First, there are fifteen interpretations in the manuscript of Fathu Al-‘Arifin and eight in the Bidayatu Al-Tauhid Fi Ilmi Al-Tauhid. While in Mukhtasaru Al-Mannan Ala Aqidahti Al-Arahman, the contents of the interpretation are not found. Secondly, the patterns of interpretive thoughts used by Ahmad Khatib al-Sambasi and Muhammad Basuni bin Muhammad Imran contained in Fathu Al-‘Arifin and Bidayatu Al-Tauhid Fi Ilmi Al-Tauhid are of sufistic interpretation using the tahlili method. Whereas the thought pattern of Ismail Mundu's interpretation in Mukhtasaru Al-Mannan Ala Aqidahti Al-Arahman cannot be found. It is because the 20-pages manuscript consists of a summary that discusses the science of tawheed and Ismail Mundu did not quote any verses of the Qur'an in the manuscript.

Abstract Geoffrey Kaye, M.B.B.S. (1903 to 1986), was a prominent Australian anesthetist, researcher, and educator who envisioned that anesthesia practice in Australia would be comparable to European and American anesthesia practice during the 1940s and 1950s. Kaye’s close relationship with Francis Hoeffer McMechan, M.D., F.I.C.A. (1879 to 1939), which began when Kaye left a favorable impression on McMechan at a meeting of the Australasian Medical Congress in 1929, eventually led Kaye to establish an educational center for the Australian Society of Anaesthetists at 49 Mathoura Road, Toorak, Melbourne, Australia, in 1951. The center served as the “Scientific Headquarters” and the Australian Society of Anaesthetists’ official headquarters from 1951 to 1955. Although anesthesia’s recognition as a specialty was at the heart of the center, Kaye hoped that this “experiment in medical education”—equipped with a library, museum, laboratory, workshop, darkroom, and meeting space—would “bring anaesthetists of all lands together” in Australia. The lack of member participation in Kaye’s center, however, led Kaye to dissolve the center by 1955. Previous research has documented the history of Kaye’s center from correspondence between Kaye and influential American anesthesiologist Paul M. Wood, M.D. (1894 to 1953), from 1939 to 1955. Through letters Kaye sent to American anesthesiologist Paul M. Wood, M.D. (1894 to 1963), the authors see Kaye’s detailed plans, design, and intent for the center at 49 Mathoura Road. Comparisons of Kaye’s letters to Wood during the 1950s with his letters to Gwenifer Wilson, M.D., M.B.B.S. (1916 to 1988), during the 1980s illustrate a change in Kaye’s perceptions regarding the failure of the center.

Around the time Marcia Siegel's dance writing career began, an important predecessor's ended with the death in 1962 of Beryl de Zoete, critic and ethnologist. Of Dutch descent, de Zoete was born in London in 1879 into a family of brokers whose name still figures prominently on the British stock exchange. Traveling independently, using her gifts for meeting people and learning languages, she wrote three unprecedented ethnographies, beginning with the book she produced with Walter Spies, Dance and Drama in Bali (1938), and followed by The Other Mind: A Study of Dance in South India (1953) and Dance and Magic Drama in Ceylon (1957). From the late 1920s through the mid-1950s, de Zoete also published many articles on her encounters with European dance and music, and her reviews of performances and books appeared regularly in newspapers, most notably in the influential weekly New Statesman and Nation. After she died, her friend Arthur Waley completed her planned collection of short pieces, The Thunder and the Freshness (1963), titled after poet John Keats's description of a waterfall. This image evoked, for her, the sound of dance drumming before dawn.In this talk, I sketch de Zoete's life and begin to think about how she worked as a writer. As part of my doctoral research, I investigated her connections with Dalcroze Eurhythmies, which teaches music through movement and improvisation. I also draw on previous work by Margaret Dale, who remembers de Zoete's visits to Sadler's Wells Ballet rehearsals in the 1940s and later consulted her about presenting Sinhalese dance on BBC television.

Il existe peu de pays où la linguistique ait été fréquentée de si près par le pouvoir politique qu'en URSS. La fameuse discussion publique de 1950 en constitue un bon exemple. Ses deux personnages-clés sont le dictateur politique J. V. Staline et le linguiste N.Ja. Marr. Pendant la vie de ce dernier (1864-1934) et après sa mort, sa théorie linguistique fut longtemps «doctrine officielle» dans la linguistique soviétique. Mais en 1 950, lors de la discussion publique dans le journal Pravda, elle fut désapprouvée et mise en échec par J. Staline (1879-1953). Par la suite, les éloges immodérés à l'adresse de Marr furent très vite remplacés par des accusations nombreuses, en particulier celle de manque de valeur scientifique dans ses théories. En Russie actuelle, on n'étudie que très peu le marrisme. C'est un courant linguistique qu'on peut appeler «oublié», voire «maudit», car on l'associe trop vite au nom de Staline. En fait, les années du «culte de la personnalité» de Marr en linguistique coïncident presque avec celles du culte de la personnalité de Staline en politique. Pourtant, les chercheurs semblent parfois oublier que c'est précisément Staline qui a mis fin au culte de la personnalité de Marr en linguistique. Les relations complexes de ces deux figures majeures de la vie soviétique dans les années 1 920-1 950 seront analysées dans la première partie de cet article. La deuxième partie sera consacrée à l'analyse du contenu linguistique de l'intervention stalinienne : nous essaierons de reconstruire l'objet principal de la critique stalinienne pour montrer que Staline a sélectionné dans le marrisme certaines théories au détriment d'autres comme objets de sa critique.

This catalogue includes all valid family-group (six subtribes), genus-group (55 genera, 33 subgenera), and species-group names (1009 species and subspecies) of Sepidiini darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Pimeliinae), and their available synonyms. For each name, the author, year, and page number of the description are provided, with additional information (e.g., type species for genus-group names, author of synonymies for invalid taxa, notes) depending on the taxon rank. Verified distributional records (loci typici and data acquired from revisionary publications) for all the species are gathered. Distribution of the subtribes is illustrated and discussed. Several new nomenclatural acts are included. The generic names Phanerotomea Koch, 1958 [= Ocnodes Fåhraeus, 1870] and Parmularia Koch, 1955 [= Psammodes Kirby, 1819] are new synonyms (valid names in square brackets). The following new combinations are proposed: Ocnodesacuductusacuductus (Ancey, 1883), O. acuductusufipanus (Koch, 1952), O. adamantinus (Koch, 1952), O. argenteofasciatus (Koch, 1953), O. arnoldiarnoldi (Koch, 1952), O. arnoldisabianus (Koch, 1952), O.barbosai (Koch, 1952), O.basilewskyi (Koch, 1952), O.bellmarleyi (Koch, 1952), O. benguelensis (Koch, 1952), O. bertolonii (Guérin-Méneville, 1844), O. blandus (Koch, 1952), O. brevicornis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1875), O. brunnescensbrunnescens (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. brunnescensmolestus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1875), O. buccinator (Koch, 1952), O. bushmanicus (Koch, 1952), O. carbonarius (Gerstaecker, 1854), O. cardiopterus (Fairmaire, 1888), O. cataractus (Koch, 1952), O. cinerarius (Koch, 1952), O. complanatus (Koch, 1952), O. confertus (Koch, 1952), O. congruens (Péringuey, 1899), O. cordiventris (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. crocodilinus (Koch, 1952), O. dimorphus (Koch, 1952), O. distinctus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. dolosus (Péringuey, 1899), O. dorsocostatus (Gebien, 1910), O. dubiosus (Péringuey, 1899), O. ejectus (Koch, 1952), O. epronoticus (Koch, 1952), O. erichsoni (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. ferreiraeferreirae (Koch, 1952), O. ferreiraezulu (Koch, 1952), O. fettingi (Haag-Rutenberg, 1875), O. fistucans (Koch, 1952), O. fraternus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1875), O. freyi (Koch, 1952), O. freudei (Koch, 1952), O. fulgidus (Koch, 1952), O. funestus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. gemmeulus (Koch, 1952), O. gibberosulus (Péringuey, 1908), O. gibbus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1879), O. globosus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. granisterna (Koch, 1952), O. granulosicollis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.gridellii (Koch, 1960), O. gueriniguerini (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. guerinilawrencii (Koch, 1954), O. guerinimancus (Koch 1954), O. haemorrhoidalishaemorrhoidalis (Koch, 1952), O. haemorrhoidalissalubris (Koch, 1952), O. heydeni (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. humeralis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. humerangula (Koch, 1952), O. imbricatus (Koch, 1952), O.imitatorimitator (Péringuey, 1899), O. imitatorinvadens (Koch, 1952), O. inflatus (Koch, 1952), O. janssensi (Koch, 1952), O. javeti (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. junodi (Péringuey, 1899), O. kulzeri (Koch, 1952), O. lacustris (Koch, 1952), O. laevigatus (Olivier, 1795), O. lanceolatus (Koch, 1953), O. licitus (Peringey, 1899), O. luctuosus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. luxurosus (Koch, 1952), O. maputoensis (Koch, 1952), O. marginicollis (Koch, 1952), O. martinsi (Koch, 1952), O. melleus (Koch, 1952), O. mendicusestermanni (Koch, 1952), O. mendicusmendicus (Péringuey, 1899), O. miles (Péringuey, 1908), O. mimeticus (Koch, 1952), O. misolampoides (Fairmaire, 1888), O. mixtus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. monacha (Koch, 1952), O. montanus (Koch, 1952), O. mozambicus (Koch, 1952), O. muliebriscurtus (Koch, 1952), O. muliebrismuliebris (Koch, 1952), O. muliebrissilvestris (Koch, 1952), O. nervosus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O.notatum (Thunberg, 1787), O. notaticollis (Koch, 1952), O. odorans (Koch, 1952), O. opacus (Solier, 1843), O. osbecki (Billberg, 1815), O. overlaeti (Koch, 1952), O. ovulus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. pachysomaornata (Koch, 1952), O. pachysomapachysoma (Péringuey, 1892), O. papillosus (Koch, 1952), O. pedator (Fairmaire, 1888), O. perlucidus (Koch, 1952), O. planus (Koch, 1952), O. pretorianus (Koch, 1952), O. procursus (Péringuey, 1899), O. protectus (Koch, 1952), O. punctatissimus (Koch, 1952), O. puncticollis (Koch, 1952), O. punctipennisplanisculptus (Koch, 1952), O. punctipennispunctipennis (Harold, 1878), O. punctipleura (Koch, 1952), O. rhodesianus (Koch, 1952), O. roriferus (Koch, 1952), O. rufipes (Harold, 1878), O. saltuarius (Koch, 1952), O.scabricollis (Gerstaecker, 1854), O. scopulipes (Koch, 1952), O. scrobicollisgriqua (Koch, 1952), O. scrobicollissimulans (Koch, 1952), O. semirasus (Koch, 1952), O. semiscabrum (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. sericicollis (Koch, 1952), O.similis (Péringuey, 1899), O. sjoestedti (Gebien, 1910), O. spatulipes (Koch, 1952), O. specularis (Péringuey, 1899), O. spinigerus (Koch, 1952), O. stevensoni (Koch, 1952), O. tarsocnoides (Koch, 1952), O. temulentus (Koch, 1952), O. tenebrosusmelanarius (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. tenebrosustenebrosus (Erichson, 1843), O. tibialis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. torosus (Koch, 1952), O. transversicollis (Haag-Rutenberg, 1879), O. tumidus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1871), O. umvumanus (Koch, 1952), O. vagus (Péringuey, 1899), O. vaticinus (Péringuey, 1899), O. verecundus (Péringuey, 1899), O. vetustus (Koch, 1952), O. vexator (Péringuey, 1899), O. virago (Koch, 1952), O. warmeloi (Koch, 1953), O. zanzibaricus (Haag-Rutenberg, 1875), Psammophanesantinorii (Gridelli, 1939), and P.mirei (Pierre, 1979). The type species [placed in square brackets] of the following genus-group taxa are designated for the first time, Ocnodes Fåhraeus, 1870 [Ocnodesscrobicollis Fåhraeus, 1870], Psammodophysis Péringuey, 1899 [Psammodophysisprobes Péringuey, 1899], and Trachynotidus Péringuey, 1899 [Psammodesthoreyi Haag-Rutenberg, 1871]. A lectotype is designated for Histrionotusomercooperi Koch, 1955 in order to fix its taxonomic status. Ulamus Kamiński is introduced here as a replacement name for Echinotus Marwick, 1935 [Type species.Aviculaechinata Smith, 1817] (Mollusca: Pteriidae) to avoid homonymy with Echinotus Solier, 1843 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

В работе приводятся результаты экспериментального исследования по созданию реплики одного из самых ярких типов находок со стоянок верхнего палеолита – браслетов из бивня мамонта. Предметы из согнутого бивня (браслеты, «диадемы» или головные обручи) получили распространение на территории Евразии в промежутке 30 000–14 000 лет назад. Трасологические исследования этих находок уточнили процесс их изготовления в древности. На основании этих данных был проведен эксперимент по размягчению сырья, а затем изменению естественной формы бивневой пластины. Автором приводится описание всего производственного цикла, а также некоторые наблюдения за процессом эксплуатации браслета. Уточняются параметры видоизменения поделочных свойств бивня мамонта в результате изменений температурно-влажностных условий окружающей среды. Библиографические ссылки Абрамова З.А. Палеолитическое искусство на территории СССР. М.: АН СССР, 1962. 85 с. Гвоздовер М.Д. Обработка кости и костяные изделия Авдеевской палеолитической стоянки // Палеолит и неолит СССР. Т. 2. / МИА. № 39 / Ред. А.П. Окладников. М.-Л.: АН СССР, 1953. С. 192−226. Палеолит Костенковско-Борщевского района на Дону (1879–1979). Некоторые итоги полевых исследований / под ред. Н.Д. Праслова, А.Н. Рогачева. Л.: Наука, 1982. 285 с. Питулько В.В., Павлова Е.Ю. Искусство янской стоянки: диадемы и браслеты из бивня мамонта (предварительный анализ коллекции) // Археология Арктики. Вып. 2. / Отв. ред. Н.В. Федорова. Екатеринбург: Деловая пресса, 2014. С. 140−161. Семенов С.А. Первобытная техника (Опыт изучения древнейших орудий и изделий по следам работы) / МИА. № 54. М.-Л.: Изд-во АН СССР, 1957. 240 с. Толстых Д.С. Гравировка по бивню мамонта по материалам стоянки Костенки 11: трасология и экспериментальные данные // Новые материалы и методы археологического исследования: от критики источника к обобщению и интерпретации данных. Материалы V Международной конференции молодых ученых (Москва, 19-21 марта, 2019) / Отв. ред. В.Е. Родинкова М.: ИА РАН, 2019. С. 48−51. Хлопачев Г.А. Бивневые индустрии верхнего палеолита Восточной Европы. СПб.: Наука, 2006. 262 с. Хлопачев Г.А., Гиря Е.Ю. Секреты древних косторезов Восточной Европы и Сибири: приёмы обработки бивня мамонта и рога северного оленя в каменном веке. СПб.: Наука, 2010. 144 с. Шуньков М.В., Федорченко А.Ю., Козликин М.Б. Браслет из бивня ранней стадии верхнего палеолита из Денисовой пещеры // Проблемы археологии, этнографии, антропологии Сибири и сопредельных территорий. Т. XXIII. / Отв. ред. А.П. Деревянко, В.И. Молодин. 2017. С. 255−258.

The blister beetle (Coleoptera: Meloidae) fauna of Namibia is studied. The species are arranged within a catalogue containing information on their general distribution, including a list of localities and brief taxonomic remarks. Zoogeographic and ecological analyses were carried out and a photographic appendix, with images and maps of almost all Namibian species, is included. According to a chorological analysis, the Namibian blister beetle fauna appears to be zoogeographically distinct because of the dominance of western southern African elements. The faunistic levels of similarity among distinct areas in Namibia are also analysed. Several of the endemic species are related to the xeric ecosystems referable to the Namib Desert, Succulent Karoo and Nama Karoo biomes, but the highest diversity is related to the ecosystems referable to the Savannah biome. A total of 148 species belonging to 28 genera, eight tribes and three subfamilies (Eleticinae, Meloinae, Nemognathinae) are recorded from this southern African country. Five new genera (Namibeletica gen. nov., Eleticinae Eleticini; Dilatilydus gen. nov. and Desertilydus gen. nov., Meloinae Lyttini; Paramimesthes gen. nov. and Namylabris gen. nov, Meloinae Mylabrini) and a total of 13 new species are described: 11 new species from Namibia (Psalydolytta gessi sp.nov., Paramimesthes namibicus sp.nov., Namylabris adamantifera sp.nov., Hycleus arlecchinus sp.nov., H. planitiei sp.nov., H. dvoraki sp.nov., H. aridus sp.nov., H. san sp.nov., Nemognatha fluviatilis sp.nov., “Zonitoschema” deserticola sp.nov., Zonitoschema dunalis sp.nov.); a new Namibeletica from the Angolan Namib (N. angolana) and a new Afrolytta Kaszab, 1959 from the S African Namaqualand (A. namaqua), both close to Namibian borders. Fourty-eight species and the genus Apalus Fabricius, 1775 are recorded for the first time from Namibia, and a few other species from South Africa (1), Zambia (1), Botswana (1) and Congo (1). The following new synonymies are proposed: Lytta pleuralis var. inpleuralis Pic, 1911 = Lydomorphus (Lydomorphus) thoracicus (Erichson, 1843), syn. nov.; Lytta benguellana Pic, 1911 = Prionotolytta melanura (Erichson, 1843), syn. nov.; Actenodia amoena ssp.anthicoides Kaszab, 1955b = Hycleus amoenus (Marseul, 1872), syn. nov.; Decapotoma csikii Kaszab, 1953 = Hycleus benguellanus (Marseul, 1879), syn. nov.; Nemognatha capensis Péringuey, 1909 = Nemognatha peringueyi Fairmaire, 1883, syn. nov. Several new combinations in the genus Hycleus Latreille, 1817 are also established.

The article deals with the life path and research activities of the founder of resuscitation science (intensive care) Vladimir A. Negovsky. He was born in 1909 in the city of Kozelets, Ukraine. After graduating from university in 1933, Negovsky worked as a researcher in the pathophysiological laboratory of the Central Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion in Moscow, where he worked for about a year with Professor S.S. Bryuchonenko, the creator of one of the world’s first heart-lung apparatus and where, apparently, his scientific interests were finally formed. In 1936, Negovsky wrote a letter to the Prime Minister of the USSR V.M. Molotov, in which he substantiated the prospects and importance of research in the field of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and asked for help in creating a research laboratory on this problem. Surprisingly, his request was granted — in the same year an order was issued on the organization of a special-purpose laboratory on the problem: ‘Restoration of life processes in phenomena similar to death”. Such a scientific research laboratory was created for the first time in the world. V.A. Negovsky and his collaborators modified the resuscitation method proposed by F.A. Andreev (1879–1952) and included the injection of Ringer-Locke’s solution with adrenaline into the carotid artery towards the heart (centripetally, i.e. against the blood flow). This method was improved by Negovsky and the Laboratory staff by using the radial and brachial arteries as an access for centripetal blood injection, which made it possible to simplify the technique for use in clinical practice and was supplemented by artificial lung ventilation by forced air injection into the lungs with bellows, as they have shown that intra-arterial pumping alone without mechanical ventilation is often ineffective. In the years before the attack of Nazi Germany on the USSR (1938–1941), V.A. Negovsky and his colleagues carried out a series of experimental studies devoted to the resuscitation of animals with lethal blood loss, as well as to the problem of extinction and restoration of brain functions, the results of which were published in several articles. In 1942, V.A. Negovsky defended his PhD on the topic “The relationship of respiration and blood circulation in the process of dying of animals from blood loss and in the subsequent period of restoration of vital functions”. During World War II, Negovsky organized a front-line medical teams, with which he went to the front line and where, in 1943, the developed complex of resuscitation measures was first used for wounded soldiers. In his dissertation on medicine “Restoration of vital functions of an organism in a state of agony or a period of clinical death” defended in 1943, he outlined the main provisions of the pathophysiology of terminal states and the principles of a complex method of resuscitation; the dissertation was published in a book in the same year. In 1945–1946, V.A. Negovsky publishes reports in the journals “JAMA” and “Nature” about the clinical experience of using the developed method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the importance of developing this problem of medicine, thus providing a priority in creating a new scientific direction. In 1946, using the experience gained in the war, the Laboratory staff continued their clinical work, starting to provide medical care to dying patients at the Institute of Thoracic Surgery of the USSR of the Academy of Medical Sciences, thus creating their own clinical resuscitation unit. In 1947, V.A. Negovsky was awarded the title of professor. Despite the successes achieved, Negovsky and his colleagues had to overcome stubborn misunderstanding and expressed resistance from many representatives of the medical community. An interesting fact in the biography of V.A. Negovsky was his participation in 1953 in the CPR (chest compression and administration of pharmacological drugs) of Joseph Stalin. In 1952, the Laboratory team created the first instruction, which was published by the USSR Ministry of Health for use in clinical practice “On the introduction into medical practice of methods for restoring the vital functions of an organism in a state of agony or clinical death”, which was republished in 1955, 1959 and 1963 with the introduction of changes to the CPR algorithm. In 1959, on the initiative of V. \A. Negovsky, the first prototype of the intensive care unit in the USSR was organized, which was named “Center for the Treatment of Shock and Terminal States”. In 1961, he reported about creating a new medical science — resuscitation science, the subject of which is nonspecific general pathological reactions of the body, pathogenesis, therapy, and prevention of terminal states, life support in critical states. In 1972, in the first issue of the newly created journal “Resuscitation”, V.A. Negovsky published an article “The second step in resuscitation — the treatment of the ‘post-resuscitation’ disease”, in which he outlines the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of post-resuscitation changes in the body. A special topic is overcoming the “iron curtain” and acquaintance of V.A. Negovsky with the American founder of the first Intensive Care Units (ICU) P. Safar, who laid the foundation for many years of scientific interaction and personal friendship. In 1985, on the basis of the Laboratory, Negovsky organized the Research Institute of General Reanimatology of the USSR of the Academy of Medical Sciences, which now bears his name. Vladimir Negovsky loved classical music, especially I.S. Bach, painting — Sandro Botticelli, Francisco Goya, always found time and energy for skiing. He died on August 2, 2003, and is buried in Moscow.

RESUMENLos balnearios-sauna castreños del noroeste peninsular son monumentos con horno con una arquitectura muy original, posiblemente asociada a los diversos modelos termales. Se conocen cerca de tres decenas, distribuidos por el noroeste peninsular. La arquitectura compleja de estos monumentos se organiza estructuralmente hacia posibilitar baños de sauna y baños de agua fría. Las dos áreas son divididas por una estela, monolítica, normalmente ornamentada – la pedra formosa. El papel simbólico que tendrían en el seno de la sociedad castreña de la Edad del Hierro del noroeste peninsular permanece por aclarar y envuelto en gran misticismo, fruto de una posible sacralidad. Este entorno, referido por diversos autores a lo largo de los tiempos, está posiblemente asociado al culto de los dioses de las aguas y a la sacralidad del baño purificador, medicinal, que se refleja en las decoraciones frontales de las pedras formosas, cuya maestría de los escultores que las insculpieran, tipología decorativa, interpretación simbólica y semiótica estudiamos, como objetivos primordiales, a lo largo de este trabajo de investigación.PALABRAS CLAVE: Protohistoria, monumentos con horno, decoración pétrea, interpretación simbólica / semiótica.ABSTRACTThe Iron Age sauna-baths of the northwest peninsular are monuments with an oven with very original architecture, possibly associated with the diverse thermal models. There are about three dozen known sauna-baths spread over the northwest peninsular. The complex architecture of thesemonuments is structurally organized to allow for cold water baths and sauna baths. The two areas are divided by a tectiforme stele, monolithic, usually ornamented, known as pedra formosa (beautiful stone). The symbolic role that they would have had in the heart of the Iron Age “castreña” society in the northwest peninsular remains unclear and shrouded in mysticism, the fruit of a possible sacredness. This environment, referred to by various authors throughout the ages, is possibly associated with the worship of the water gods and the sacredness of the medicinal and purifying bath, which is reflected in the frontal decorations of the pedras formosas, whose masterful sculpting, decorative typology, symbolic interpretation and semiotics we studied as primary objectives of this research work.KEYWORDS: Protohistory, monuments with oven, stone decoration, symbolic / semiotic interpretation. BIBLIOGRAFIAAlmagro-Gorbea, M. e Álvarez Sanchís, J. R. (1993), “La ‘sauna’ de Ulaca: saunas y baños iniciáticos en el mundo céltico”, Cuadernos de Arqueología de la Universidad de Navarra, 1, pp. 177-232.Almagro-Gorbea, M. e Moltó, L. (1992), “Saunas en la Hispania prerromana”, Espacio, Tempo y Forma, 3 (5), pp. 67-102.Almeida, C.A.F. (1974), “O monumento com forno de Sanfins e as escavações de 1973”, III Congresso Nacional de Arqueologia, pp. 149-172.— (1983), “O Castrejo sob o domínio romano. A sua transformação”, Estudos de Cultura Castrexa e de Historia Antiga da Galícia, pp. 187-198.— (1986), “Arte Castreja. A sua lição para os fenómenos de assimilação e resistência a Romanidade”, Arqueologia, 13, pp. 161-172.Araújo, J. R. (1920), Perosinho: Apontamentos para a sua monografia, Porto.Azevedo, A. (1946), “O “Monumento Funerário” da Citânia (Nova interpretação)”, Revista de Guimarães, 56 (1-2), pp. 150-164.Berrocal Rangel, L., Martínez Seco, P. e Ruíz Triviño, C. (2002), El Castiellu de Llagú, Madrid.Bosch Gimpera, P. (1921), “Los Celtas y la civilización celtica en la Península Ibérica”, Boletin de la Sociedad Española de Excursiones, 29, pp. 248-300.Cabré, J. (1922), “Una nueva hipótesis acerca de “Pedra Formosa” de la Citania de Sabroso (sic)”, Sociedad Espanhola de Antropologia, Etnografía y Prehistoria, 1, pp. 56-71.Calo Lourido, F. (1983), “Arte, Decoracion, Simbolismo e outros elementos da Cultura material Castrexa, ensaio de síntese”, Estudos de Cultura Castrexa e de História Antiga de Galicia, pp. 159-185.— (1993), A cultura castrexa, Vigo.Carballo Arceo, L. X. e Soto Arias, P. (1998), “A escultura xeométrica castrexa”, Historia da Arte Galega I. A Nosa Terra. Vigo, pp. 161-176.Cardozo, M. (1928), “A Pedra Formosa”, Revista de Guimarães, 38, 1-2, 139-152; 39,1-2, pp. 87-102.— (1931-1932), “A última descoberta arqueológica na Citânia de Briteiros e a interpretação da ‘Pedra Formosa’”, Revista de Guimarães, 41 (1-2), 55-60; 41 (3), 201-209; 41 (4), 250-260; 42 (1-2); 1932, 7 -25; 42 (3-4), pp. 127-139.— (1934), “A Pedra Formosa da Citânia de Briteiros e a sua interpretação arqueológica”, Brotéria, 18, 3, 30-43.— (1946), “O ‘monumento funerário’ da Citânia”, Revista de Guimarães, 56 (3-4), pp. 289-308.Cardozo, M. (1949), “Nova estela funerária do tipo da ‘Pedra Formosa’”, Revista de Guimarães, 59 (34), pp. 487-516.Cartailhac, E. (1886), Ages préhistoriques de 1’ Espagne et du Portugal, Paris.Chamoso Lamas, M. (1955), “Santa Mariña de Aguas Santas (Orense)”, Cuadernos de Estudios Gallegos, 10 (30), pp. 41-88.Conde Valvis, F. (1955), “Las termas romanas de la ‘Cibdá’ de Armea en Santa Marina de Aguas Santas”, III Congreso Arqueologico Nacional, pp. 432-446.Craesbeck, F. (1726), Memorias ressuscitadas da Província de Entre-Douro-e-Minho, Manuscrito da Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 217 do Núcleo Geral.Dias, L. A. T. (1997), Tongóbriga, Lisboa.Dinis, A. P. (2002), “O balneário do Alto de Quintãs (Póvoa de Lanhoso, Norte de Portugal). Um novo caso a juntar ao livro negro da arqueologia de Entre-Douro-e-Minho”, Mínia, 3ª Série, 10, pp. 159-179.Dechelette, J. (1909), “Essai sur la chronologie de la Péninsule Ibérique“, Revue Archéologique, 13, pp. 26-36.Eco, H. (1972), “Semiologia de los mensajes visuales”, Análises de las imagenes, pp. 23-80.— (1988), O Signo, Labor.— (1979), A Theory of Semiotics, Indiana University Press, Bloomington.Estrabón (1965), Livro III Da Geografia, Amphitheatrvm, IX, Porto.Fernández Fuster, L. (1953), “Sobre la interpretación de los monumentos con ‘pedras formosas’”, Archivo Español de Arqueología, 26 (88), pp. 379-384.Ferreira, E. Veiga (1966), “Uma estela do tipo Pedra Formosa encontrada no Castro de Fontalva (Elvas)”, Revista de Guimarães, 76, pp- 359-363.Fernández Vega, P. A., Mantecón Callejo, L., Callejo Gómez, J. y Bolado del Castillo, R. (2014), “La sauna de la Segunda edad del Hierro del oppidum de Monte Ornedo (Cantabria, España)”, Munibe, 65, pp. 177-195.García Quintela, M. V. e Santos-Estévez M. (2015), “Iron Age saunas of northern Portugal: state of the art and research perspectives”, Oxford Journal of Archaeology, 34(1), pp. 67–95.García Quintela, M. V. (2016), “Sobre las saunas de la Edad del Hierro en la Península ibérica: novedades, tipologías e interpretaciones”, Complutum, 27 (1), pp. 109-130.García y Bellido, A. (1931), “Las relaciones entre el Arte etrusca y el ibérico”, Archivo Español de Arte y Arqueología, 7, pp. 119-148.— (1940), “El castro de Coaña (Asturias) y algunas notas sobre el posible origen de esta cultura”. Revista de Guimarães, 50(3–4), pp. 284-311.— (1968), “Las cámaras funerarias de la cultura castreña”, Archivo Español de Arqueología, 41, pp. 16-44.Gómez Tabanera, J. M., La caza en la Prehistoria, Madrid, Istmo, 1980.González Ruibal, A. (2006), “Galaicos. Poder y comunidad en el Noroeste de la península Ibérica (1200 a.C.-50 d.C.)”. Brigantium, 18, A Coruña.Höck, M. (1984), “Acerca dos elementos arquitectónicos decorados de castros do noroeste peninsular”, Revista Guimarães, 94, pp. 389-405.Hübner, E. (1879), “Citania”, Dispersos, pp. 445-462.Jordá Cerdá, F. (1969), Guía del Castrillón de Coaña. Salamanca, 8-12.— (1983), “Introducción a los problemas del arte esquemático de la Península Ibérica”, Zephyrvs, 36, pp. 7-12.Júnior, J. R. S. (1966), “Dois fornos do povo em Trás-os-Montes”, Trabalhos de Antropologia e Etnologia, 1-2, 20, pp. 119-146.Lemos, F. S., Leite, J. M. F., Bettencourt, A. M. S. e Azevedo, M. (2003), “O balneário pré-romano de Braga”, Al-madan, II série, 12, pp. 43-46.López Cuevillas, F. (1953), La civilización celtica en Galicia, Compostela.Lorenzo Fernández, J. (1948), “El monumento proto-histórico de Águas Santas y los ritos funerarios de los castros”, Cuadernos de Estudios Gallegos, 2 (10), pp. 157-211.Martin, H. (1881), “La Citania de Briteiros“, Revue Archéologique, 42, pp. 160-164.Monteagudo, L. (1952), “Monumentos propiedad de la Sociedad Martins Sarmento”, Archivo Español de Arqueología, 25 (85), pp. 112-116.Moreira, A. B. (2013), “O Balneário Castrejo do Monte Padrão, Santo Tirso”, Santo Tirso Arqueológico, 5, pp. 7-36.Parente, J. (2003), O Castro de S. Bento (concelho de Vila Real) e o seu ambiente arqueológico. Vila Real.Queiroga, F. e Dinis, A. (2008-2009), “O Balneário Castrejo do Castro das Eiras”, Portugália, 39-40, pp. 139-152.Ramil, G. E. (1995-96), “O monumento com forno do Castro dos Prados-Espasante (Ortigueira, A Coruña) Memoria de investigação”, Brigantium, 9, pp. 13-60.Ribeiro, F. (1930-34), “Novas descobertas arqueológicas na Citânia de Briteiros”, Revista de Guimarães, 40 (3-4), 171-175; 44 (3-4), pp. 205-208.Ríos González, S. (2000), “Consideraciones funcionales y tipológicas en torno a los baños castreños del NO. de la Península Ibérica”, Gallaecia, 19, pp. 93-124.Romero Masiá, A. (1976), El habitat castreño, Santiago de Compostela.Santa-Olalla, J. (1932), “Las estelas funerarias en forma de casa en España”, Revista Investigación y Progreso, 10, pp. 182-193.Santos-Estévez, M. (2017), “Pitágoras na Gallaecia”, http://www.gciencia.com/author/manuel-santos-estevez/ [Consulta: 12-09-2017].Santos, J. N. (1963), “Serpentes geminadas em suástica e figurações serpentiformes do Castro de Guifões”, Lucerna, pp. 120-140.Sarmento, F. M. (1888), “Antigualhas”, Revista de Guimarães, 5, p. 150.— (1881), “Expedição Cientifica a Serra da Estrela”, Dispersos, 1933, pp. 127-152.— (1899), “A arte micénica no Noroeste de Espanha”, Portugália, 1, pp. 431-442.— (1904), “Materiaes para a Archeologia do Concelho de Guimarães”, Revista de Guimarães, 31.Silva, J. N. (1876), “Esculptura Romana conhecida pelo nome de Pedra Formosa achada em Portugal, e o que ella representa”, Boletim Real Associação dos Architectos Civis e Archeologos Portugueses, 9, 2.Silva, A. C. F. (1981-82), “Novos dados sobre a organização social castreja”, Portugália, Nova Série, 2-3, pp. 83-96.— (1983), Citânia de Sanfins (Paços de Ferreira). Paços de Ferreira.— (1983-84), “A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal: habitat e cronologias”, Portugalia, Nova Série, 3-4, pp. 121-129.— (1986), A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal, Paços de Ferreira.— (2007), “Pedra formosa: arqueologia experimental”, MNA/CMVNF, Vila Nova de Famalicão).Silva, A. C. F. e Maciel, T. (2004), “Balneários castrejos do noroeste peninsular. Notícia de um novo monumento do Castro de Roques”, Portugália, Nova Série, 25, pp. 115-131.Silva, A. C. F., Oliveira, J. e Lobato, R. (2010-11), “Balneários Castrejos: Do Primeiro Registo à Arqueologia Experimental”, Boletim Cultural Câmara Municipal de Vila Nova de Famalicão, III série, 6/7, pp. 79-87.Silva, A. C. F., Ferreira, J. S. (2016), “O Balneário Castrejo do Castro de Eiras/Aboim das Choças (Arcos de Valdevez): notícia do achado e ensaio interpretativo”, Al-Madan, II Série, 20, pp. 27-34.Silva, M. F. M. (1986a), “Subsídios para o estudo da Arte Castreja-Arte Decorativa Arquitectónica”, Revista de Ciências Históricas, 1, pp. 31-68.— (1987), “Subsídios para o estudo da Arte Castreja-Arte Decorativa Arquitectónica-II”, Revista de Ciências Históricas, 2, pp. 124-147.— (1988), Subsídios para o Estudo da Arte Castreja. A cultura dos Berrões: ensaio de Síntese”, Revista de Ciências Históricas, 3, pp. 57-93.— (2017), “Os primórdios do Termalismo: os balneários castrejos e o seu potencial turístico”, Tourism and Hospitality International Journal, 9(2), pp. 4-28.Trabant, J. (1980), Elementos de Semiótica, Editorial Presença, Lisboa.Tranoy, A. (1981), La Galice romaine. Recherches sur le Nord-Ouest de la Péninsule Ibérique dans l’Antiquité, Paris.Uría Ríu, J. (1941), “Excavaciones en el Castellón de Coaña”, Revista de la Universidad de Oviedo, 2, pp. 85-114.Vasconcelos, J. L. (1913), Religiões da Lusitânia, 3, Lisboa.Villa Valdés, A. (1999), “Castro del Chao Samartín (Grandas de Salime)”, Excavaciones arqueológicas en Asturias, 1995-1998, 4, pp. 11-123.— (2000), “Saunas castreñas en Asturias”, Termas romanas en el Occident del Imperio, pp. 97-114.— (2012), “Santuarios urbanos en la Protohistoria cantábrica: algunas consideraciones sobre el significado y función de las saunas castreñas”, Boletín del Real Instituto de Estudios Asturianos, 177, pp. 65-102.— (2016), “Laberintos en cruz, lacería, sogueado y otros patrones geométricos en la plástica de la Edad del Hierro de Asturias y su pervivencia en época romana”, Arqueología y Prehistoria del Interior Peninsular, 05, pp. 96-109.Villa Valdés, Á., Menéndez Granda, A., Fanjul Mosteirin, J. A. (2007), “Excavaciones arqueológicas en el poblado fortificado de Os Castros, en Taramundi”, Excavaciones Arqueológicas en Asturias 1999–2002, pp. 267-275.

Bulgarian planthopper fauna (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) are relatively well studied, with 164 known species from 77 genera and 11 families. Data for some species from previous studies were reported without any localities or were incomplete and need to be updated. In the present study, 13 species of planthoppers are recorded for the first time in Bulgaria - Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi Signoret, 1879 (Cixiidae), Delphax armeniacus Anufriev, 1970, Euides speciosa (Boheman, 1845), Eurysula lurida (Fieber, 1866), Florodelphax paryphasma (Flor, 1861), Jassidaeus lugubris (Signoret, 1865), Metropis aris Asche, Drosopoulos & Hoch, 1983, Oncodelphax pullula (Boheman, 1852), Ribautodelphax imitans (Ribaut, 1953), R. pungens (Ribaut, 1953), Stenocranus major (Kirschbaum, 1868) (Delphacidae), Latilica maculipes (Melichar, 1906) and Tshurtshurnella extrema Dlabola, 1980 (Issidae). Species from the following five genera are recorded in Bulgaria for the first time: Euides Fieber, 1866, Eurysula Vilbaste, 1968, Jassidaeus Fieber, 1866, Oncodelphax Wagner, 1963 (Delphacidae) and Latilica Emeljanov, 1971 (Issidae). As a result, the total numbers of known planthopper species and genera in Bulgaria become 177 species and 82 genera. The dataset of all collected specimens presented in this work was provided separately through Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Detailed distribution of the species and comments on those from the European Red Lists are also provided.

Abstract Background Since 1901, at least 15 scholars who contributed to cardiovascular research have received a Nobel prize in physiology or medicine. Methods Using the Nobel nomination database (nobelprize.org), which contains 5950 nominations in the accessible period from 1901 to 1953 in physiology or medicine, we listed all international nominees who contributed to cardiovascular research. We subsequently collected nomination letters and jury reports of the prime candidates from the archive of the Nobel Committee in Sweden to identify shortlisted candidates. Results The five most frequently nominated researchers with cardiovascular connections from 1901 to 1953 were, in descending order, the surgeon René Leriche (1879–1955) (FR) with a total of 79 nominations, the physiologist and 1924 Nobel laureate Willem Einthoven (1860–1927) (NL) (31 nominations), the surgeon Alfred Blalock (1899–1964) (US) (29 nominations), the pharmacologist and 1936 Nobel laureate Otto Loewi (1873–1961) (DE, AT, US) (27 nominations) and the paediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig (1898–1986) (US) (24 nominations). The research of these scholars merely hints at the width of topics brought up by nominators ranging from the physiological and pathological basics to the diagnosis and (surgical) interventions of diseases such as heart malformation or hypertension. Conclusion We argue that an analysis of Nobel Prize nominations can reconstruct important scientific trends within cardiovascular research during the first half of the twentieth century.

AbstractTroglocephalinae n. subfam. is proposed for Spinuris Doran, 1953, Neoheterocotyle Hargis, 1955, Anoplocotyloides Young, 1967, Troglocephalus rhinobatidis Young, 1967 (previously incertae sedis), Nonacotyle pristis Ogawa, 1991, Mehracotyle insolita Neifar, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 2002, Scuticotyle cairaen. gen. et sp., and Brancheocotyle imbricatan. gen. et sp. All members of the proposed new subfamily are gill parasites of shovelnose rays of the order Rhinopristiformes. The subfamilies Heterocotylinae Chisholm, Wheeler & Beverley-Burton, 1995, and Dasybatotreminae Bychowsky, 1957, are amended to exclude Spinuris, Nonacotyle, Neoheterocotyle, and Anoplocotyloides and Mehracotyle, respectively. Heterocotylinae includes gill parasites of members of the orders Myliobatiformes and Torpediniformes. Dasybatotreminae includes parasites of the gills and pharyngeal cavity of members of the orders Myliobatiformes and Rajiformes. A revised phylogeny of the Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879 is presented and discussed, based on 28S rDNA sequences, including new sequences for Myliocotyle pteromylaei Neifer, Euzet & Ben Hassine, 1999, Heterocotyle tokoloshei Vaughan & Chisholm, 2010, Neoheterocotyle robii Vaughan & Chisholm, 2010, and the two newly proposed species and genera. Additional locality records are also provided for Monocotylidae from off South Africa.

Abstract Objectives Sir Archibald Cochrane and Sir Austin Bradford Hill requested 80 years ago answers to three questions (Can it work? Does it work? Is it worth it?) before a new intervention is implemented in day-to-day healthcare. A critical analysis of currently accepted answers identified a terminology conflict that inherits the risk of misleading interpretations and inappropriate decisions. Content For detection of the terminology problem and the development of the solutions was possible through three recommendations (the “Ulm heritage”): (1) Albert Einstein (*1879 in Ulm/Germany) predicted, “A problem cannot be solved with the way of thinking that caused it”; (2) The “hochschule für gestaltung ulm (Academy of Design, 1953–1968)” disseminated the rules of American designers and architects e.g., “Form Follows Function”; and (3) requested to “design not only individual but universally valid solutions with socio-political relevance”. Summary Our data confirms the power of the FFF rule, the pros and cons of value judgments, the complexity of healthcare decisions, the difference between scientific statements and political decisions, and the effects of interprofessional collaboration. Outlook “Efficacy” offers promising “Proofs of Principle (PoP)” while “effectiveness” describes “Real-World Effectiveness (RWE)”. That is why the results obtained are always more important than hypotheses.

Nikolaï Evreinov (1879-1953), homme de théâtre russe, émigré en France en 1925, vit à une époque où les artistes cherchent à retisser des liens entre arts et sciences. Mais contrairement à d’autres, la science devient pour lui autre chose que le simple support d’une recherche de certains modèles d’expression : sans le formuler explicitement sur le plan théorique, il expérimente une discipline scientifique à part entière consacrée au théâtre, qui apparaîtra dans ses textes parfois sous l’appellation de philosophie du théâtre et qui questionne sa place et sa manière d’exister à partir de sciences telles que la biologie, l’ethnographie, la psychologie, la psychanalyse, les neurosciences. Pour lui, le théâtre étant une sorte de pré-art (art de transformation et non de formation comme les autres arts), tout homme est doté d’un instinct de théâtralité, dont il peut profiter pour l’aider à guérir en cas de maladie, qu’il s’agisse d’un malaise d’ordre psychologique ou de tout autre problème de santé. Il publie à ce sujet en 1920 un article, « Théâtrothérapie », mais il y consacre aussi de nombreux autres textes et fait même des expériences pour démontrer le bien-fondé de sa conviction. Pourtant, les chercheurs d’aujourd’hui préfèrent parler en termes moins radicaux, en essayant d’éviter les amalgames, car la thérapie est associée à la médecine. L’ethnoscénologue Jean-Marie Pradier conseille, par exemple, de parler du théâtre comme d’un phénomène capable de « faire du bien » à un homme malade. Pour mettre en valeur la portée et l’héritage du concept forgé par Evreinov, il s’agit donc d’évaluer comment sa « théâtrothérapie » entre dans la catégorie contemporaine et polysémique du « soin ».

Rowan Moore, in his work Why We Build: Power and Desire in Architecture, notes that “most people know that buildings are not purely functional, that there is an intangible something about them that has to do with emotion” (16). Emotion is critical to why and how we build. Indeed, there is a basic human desire to build—to leave a mark on the landscape or on our society. This issue of M/C Journal unpacks this idea of emotion, examining the functional and the creative in the design process, for a range of building projects, from the tangible: building transport infrastructure, exhibition centre, or a new-style museum; to those building projects that are more difficult to define: building an artwork, a community, or a reputation. In addition, this issue looks at how we also ‘unbuild’ the world around us. In the feature article Aleks Wansbrough critically takes up ideas of ‘build’ and ‘unbuild’ through an examination of how the role that the death of Man, which follows the death of God, has had on the idea of creation, and how Man is unbuilt in three works by three different artists: Francis Bacon’s “Study of a Baboon” (1953), Jan Švankmajer’s Darkness, Light, Darkness (1989) and Patricia Piccinini’s “The Young Family” (2002). In the first article, Ella Mudie also looks at ‘unbuild’. This is achieved with a review of how the Sydney Metro—a major transport infrastructure project—requires demolition work that will inevitably result in a reconfiguration of the character of Sydney’s inner city and the suburbs it intersects. Mudie questions unbuilding and rebuilding, drawing on literary texts in which demolition and infrastructure development are key preoccupations. In the second article on construction and destruction, Sarah Morley, looks at one of Sydney’s earliest iconic buildings. The Garden Palace—a purpose built facility designed to house the Colony’s first International Exhibition in 1879—was a famous, and favourite, building of New South Wales, prior to its destruction by fire in 1882. Morley explores the loss of the building and its contents; which included many Australian Aboriginal objects and ancestral remains.Simon Dwyer looks at building a story with light. Drawing upon a range of historical documents, this article investigates how world-renowned architect Jørn Utzon envisaged the use of natural and artificial light. In this way, he showed how light could contribute to the final build of the Sydney Opera House, through giving additional expression to the traditional building elements that he had carefully selected. Nadine Kozak highlights much smaller structures in her qualitative analysis of comments made by stewards about their Little Free Libraries. This, increasingly popular, movement offers opportunities for reading and to build community networks as people come together to build, maintain and stock Little Free Libraries. Kozak’s work also acknowledges some of the resistance to this movement and how communities are strengthened in their efforts to protect what they have built. The earliest detectives were forced to overcome significant resistance from a suspicious public. Rachel Franks investigates the efforts of Charles Dickens to change the perception of policing. Focusing on letters written about capital punishment and articles aimed at promoting the role of the detective, Franks unpacks how one of the great novelists of the Victorian age also assisted in building the reputation of a fledging detective branch. Moving forward in time, Hazel Ferguson also interrogates ideas of reputation. This work looks at the activities of early career researchers on social media which is increasingly being used to build communities around mutual support and professional development. Ferguson’s analysis, of the #ECRchat group on Twitter, aims to contribute to emerging discussions about academic labour and online reputation. In noting how the babble of a crowd can indicate the presence of others constructing ephemeral emergent communities where the voice of an individual is often lost, Rebecca Collins, identifies how sound informs our experience of space. In this article, she discusses the potential of sound to construct fictional spaces, build individual identities and evoke the presence of a crowd in relation to two artistic installations. Ben Egliston takes on another type of creative output with videogames. Egliston’s work considers how players build ingame competencies by engaging with media beyond the game itself; such as walkthrough guides or YouTube videos. This article provides a re-framing of the relationship between gameplay (and the development of competency) and the elements of games existing beyond the screen. Creativity is also central to George Jaramillo’s article which focuses on the relationship between Ionad Hiort and the Glasgow School of Art’s Institute of Design Innovation as a case study for understanding how design innovation can engender and build community capabilities. This work studies the development of a new type of heritage centre on the western coast of the Isle of Lewis in Scotland and the idea of a “place of interpretation” as an alternative to the “visitor centre”, to go “beyond the museum”. We bookend this issue with another piece on building infrastructure in the city of Sydney. Nicholas Richardson interrogates the New South Wales Government’s ‘making it happen’ campaign. This research explores whether the current build-at-any-cost mentality behind ‘making it happen’ is in either the long-term interest of the New South Wales constituency or the short-term interest of a political party.To build is to embark on a multi-disciplinary and multi-faceted project. These articles demonstrate the wide-ranging potential of exploring how different interpretations of, and ways to, build impacts our cultural, emotional, intellectual, private, and public lives. AcknowledgementsOur sincere thanks to our enthusiastic contributors, to those who gave their expertise and time in the blind peer review process, and to Axel Bruns. ReferenceMoore, Rowan. Why We Build: Power and Desire in Architecture. New York: HarperCollins, 2013.