Dissertations / Theses on the topic '1879-1953'
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Boulbès, Carole. "Les écrits esthétiques de Francis Picabia : entre révolution et réaction (1907-1953)." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010540.
Full textPublished for the most part in the press and art reviews between 1909 and 1953, the francis picabia's writings about his painting, are as multiple and contradictory as his character was. A painter as vell as a poet but above all assured polemicist, picabia rejected one after the other all the avant-gardes which he contributed to creating. In many way this attitude recalls the spirited passion and the tranquille indifference of "the painter of modern life" described by char les baudelaire. Even when he embarks on realistic painting, picabia describes himself as a "lonely genius", struggling a gainst the decadence of his times. A bit of a dandy and amused libertine, he refuses to be modern or avant-gardist, reactionary or revolutionary. Despite the recent post-modern or avant-gardist readings of his ottball's articles, the latter oscillate between two contradictory and fundamentaly romantic points of view : the painting is on its bed's death but the painter is very much alive
Scharbaum, Heike. "Zwischen zwei Welten : Wissenschaft und Lebenswelt am Beispiel des deutsch-jüdischen Historikers Eugen Täubler (1879 - 1953) /." Münster ;Hamburg [u.a.] : Lit, 2000. http://www.h-net.org/review/hrev-a0c3c7-aa.
Full textCarré, Daniel. "Loeiz Herrieu : un paysan breton dans la Grande Guerre : analyse de sa correspondance avec son épouse." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20015.
Full textThe Breton writer and publicist, Loeiz Herrieu (1879-1953), devoted a great deal of his work to the first world war : his war journal +kamdro en ankeu ; (turning point of death)is one of the most important pieces of contemporary literature written in the Breton language. However, without disregard of his writing abilities, the main concern of this thesis is the man himself, his nature, his personality, his family ties, his relationship with other soldiers, the evolution of his ideas and his personal perceptions and experiences of war. . . This is achieved by a highly detailed analysis of his private mail to his wife (620 letters) kept so far safely within close family. Beyond the soldiers's honesty (largely justified by comparing his accounts with military archives and the accounts of other soldiers (with similar background, academic level, opinions. . . ) And by the fact that he met the criteria of a +good witness; as defined by Norton Cru), the analysis also reveals the man, husband, father, catholic, countryman and Breton cultural militant faced with the war (which he hates because it is degrading to mankind) and with day to day militarism (which he dismisses in the name of moral standards and honesty). His letters reveal an extraordinary man, driven by intense inner thoughts; in order to keep going he refuses to make any compromise with the world around him. His strong sense of duty and his total submission to god's will nurture his undying hopes of seeing Brittany and his family once again, and the triumph of law and justice, which are worthes he accepts suffering for. The thesis and documents (corpus of 275 letters, detailed biography of L. Herrieu between 1879 and 1914, miscellaneous documents) are written in Breton
Maximenkov, Leonid. "An analysis of the genesis and growth of literary Staliniana." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39503.
Full textThe first chapter discusses the phenomena of Stalin's personality cult in the context of the intellectual history of the post-revolutionary Soviet society in the 1920s and 1930s. Chapter two offers different classifications of a vast amount of fiction written on Stalin. The genesis and documented development of staliniana is discussed in the third chapter. Special attention is paid to the manipulations in the genre exercised by ideological and cultural authorities in the USSR from the 1920s to the 1970s. The fourth chapter discusses some aspects of staliniana in Western Europe as contrasted to Soviet literature. In the fifth chapter a detailed analysis of key elements of the codified literary image of Stalin is undertaken. Chapter six explores the folklore background of Stalin's cult and its interaction with the cult of V. I. Lenin. The final chapter offers an analysis of the development of the language used by Stalin as a fictional character in works of literature. This study uses the recently declassified materials from Soviet archives in order to demonstrate that staliniana was not only a key element of the Stalin cult but also a cornerstone of Soviet literature.
Landry, Michel. ""L'homme d'acier" : l'évolution des représenattions de Staline dans le magazine Time, 1939-1953." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23819.
Full textGuyot, Chantal. "Ecriture féminine et mémoire familiale en pays d'Aix : étude à partir des écrits autobiographiques, chroniques et oeuvres picturales d'Elise Chaumery de Sorval (1879-1953)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX10040.
Full textTanguay, Lisa. "De la mémoire en histoire : identité et représentations en Russie à l'occasion du cinquantième anniversaire de la mort de Joseph Staline." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18007.
Full textDelaloye, Magali. "Des moustaches et des jupes : rapports de genre au sein du cercle du Kremlin sous Staline (1928-1953)." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0058.
Full textIn the 1930’s, the Stalin regime’s politics, confronted by “gendered problematic”, are therefore as varied as the feminine and masculine models, which underlie them. The role of the Kremlin circle in setting up these policies is important, due to its central position in the soviet system. The aim of this research is to rebuild the power and domination relationships, from the gender point of view, within the Stalin’s Kremlin, especially in the first circle around him. By using a historical anthropology approach centralizing family and social connections between the members of a group, and taking into consideration the gender aspect, I am seeking to reconstruct the inter-individual links connecting these various protagonists and their gendered self-presentations. The corpus of documents consists in correspondences, personal diaries, self-criticisms and autobiographies, memoirs, informal notes and photos. More specifically from a gendered point of view, in my research four moments of exclusions are enlightening: the execution of Nikolai Bukharin; the execution of Nikolai Ezhov; the deportation of Polina Zhemchuzhina-Molotova; the gradual exclusion of the couple Kliment and Ekaterina Voroshilov. Some themes are analyzed: health, bodies (for example pilosity), sexuality, alcoholism, hunting, children, and s. O. This research therefore asks the question of extreme violence in Stalin’s circle by introducing a gender component. It also enlightens the personality of Stalin within his group. This work is therefore enable completing the picture of the functioning of the Kremlin circle under Stalin in a gender point of view
Verdier, Aurélie. "Aujourd'hui pense à moi. Francis Picabia. Ego, Modernité 1913-1927." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0067.
Full text« I am nothing, I am Francis Picabia. » In this tension between exaltation and rejection of the self the artist signalled his position within modernity. His refusal of collective action expressed itself during the First World War in an oeuvre focused neither on history nor on formal problems, but on the self. The present study articulates the ego, a conceptual figure of the avant-garde, along the lines of Sigmund Freud's 1915 analysis of melancholy, understood as a pathological imitation of mourning and as a loss of self. The project, in tracking Picabia's key gestures, seeks to revise some of the best established certitudes about the artist - the refusal of repetition, for example, or the taste for contradiction - in order to reconsider the ego as a crucial actor in the modern history of forms, producing its own ruptures. The first section, extending from the orphic period of 1913 to the maximalist painting of 1924-1927 known as the Monstres, analyzes the portrait, the stain, and the proper name as three « objects of the self» breaking with traditional representation of the subject and authorial codes. A second section examines three examples of the painter's procedure : first, the omnipresence of the round form in his oeuvre as the sign of an uncertain self is paired with another circularity, that attributed to melancholy and mania. Next, the ambivalent relation of Picabia to Picasso is envisaged as an alternative to the idea of influence. Finally, and decisively, the artist's covert re-use of mechanical images led to his reactional response to the threat of a mechanization of art explicitly disavowed by Picabia but present everywhere in the work
Dullin, Sabine. "Diplomates et diplomatie soviétiques en Europe (1930-1939) : structures et méthodes d'une politique extérieure sous Staline." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010645.
Full textThis thesis is a study of the people's commissariat for foreign affairs (NKID) between 1930 and 1939, when litvinov is the chief of the diplomacy. Belonging to the historical field of studies on the decision-making process, it is based, thanks to the opening of archives in moscow, on a new documentation which offers the possibility to analyse more precisely than before the working relations between NKID and the party's leading circles. It makes it also possible to evaluate the place of the diplomatic institution in regard to the comintern but also to soviet institutions, such as commissariats for foreign trade and for defense. Underlying this study-case, rests the larger question of the role played by higher administrations inside a party-state with totalitarian tendencies. These issues are treated throughout history of soviet union's foreign policy in Europe. At some key-moments, such as the soviet decision to follow a policy of collective security in december 1933, ussr's decision to join the league of nations in september 1934 or the signature of the mutual assistance pact with france in may 1935, the analysis of the decision-making process shows the influence gained by Litvinov amongst soviet leaders in the diplomatic field, and gives a better understanding of the job asked to soviet embassies in Europe and to soviet delegates in Geneva, charged of information and propaganda. Soviet diplomats have a profile allowing a good adaptation and a successful integration of the ussr in the "concert europeen". But, after the end of 1936, in the context of the great terror and a pre-war atmosphere, the NKID, forged by litvinov, becomes weaker, before disappearing totally. Facing party leaders coming back to the theory of undifferentiated anti-imperialism and to an isolationnist policy, Litvinov's projects become questioned, while stalin, doing his best to eliminate any scrap of autonomy, uses the purges to take control over diplomacy with no more go-between
Schnittka, Sabine. "Le temps dans "l'être et le néant" de Sartre et dans la théorie de la relativité restreinte : un essai de comparaison." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT3035.
Full textTime is one of the basic subjects of philosophy and plays a fundamental role in physics. The aim of this project is to compare and contrast Sartre's philosophy of time and the concept of time in the special theory of relativity. The textual sources are, on the one hand, Being and Nothingness, and on the other hand, the relevant publications of Albert Einstein, Hans Reichenbach and Weyl. A commented analytical presentation of both theories and a reflection on the basic concepts of the "event" and the "experienced event" (German: "Erlebnis") precede and lay the groundwork for the comparison, which is structured according to the following aspects: the forms of time, time's flow and arrow, time as topological and metrical order and the relationship between time and space. The comparison of the propositions of the two theories concerning these topics leads to a determined judgement on their compatibility and indicates which properties of time are accessible to a physical analysis and which are specific to consciousness
Rucker, Laurent. "L'URSS et le conflit israélo-arabe (1941-1956)." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100103.
Full textBoursier, Jean-Yves. "Le Parti communiste français et la question nationale." Paris 8, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA080392.
Full textThe national question is meant to be understood as the relationship to the country as well as a link with a political an historical setting, together with theaspects of conscience awareness of the french civilian society : this does not exclude the problem of the creation and existence of nations. The historic period chosen is the one during which the ideas of thorez are fully unfolded : these ideas are thus presented so as tobe understood as the french way of the marxist leninism doctrine belonging to the komintern which was organized by the pcf. During this period, the same pcf shows how it is at the core and does represent the core of politics at the same time. Hence it cannot split and it aims at preserving the "party". The pcf is almost unable to follow an independant political line and is obliged to cling to other forces to make it stronger; these other forces have to acknowledge the worker's representation monopoly. The pcf is the answer to the political questionning of the first world war result, of the sfio and of the political system of the french third republic grounded upon the crushing of the commune and upon the national disinterest
Heulin, Antony. "La mort dans l'oeuvre de Yann-Ber Kalloc'h et Loeiz Herrieu : analyse de l´idée de la mort dans les poèmes de Yann-Ber Kalloc´h écrits pendant la Première Guerre mondiale et dans le récit de guerre Kammdro an Ankoù, Le Tournant de la mort, de Loeiz Herrieu." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20029/document.
Full textThe present thesis focuses on the conception of death in Breton writer Loeiz Herrieu’s story Kammdro an Ankou U – At the turn of Death, drawned from August 1914 to February 1919, as well as in Breton poet Yann-Ber Kalloc'h’s poems from his anthology Ar in Deulin – On my knees, written in Breton at the beginning of World War I. It fits within the scope of civilisation studies. First and foremost, the concepts of death and war are defined and illustrated through various sources and references, which give the reader insight into both men’s and their contemporaries’ mindsets. Besides, this thesis examines how Loeiz Herrieu and Yann-Ber Kalloc’h expressed their respective conception of death in their respective works. The critical comparison thus brings to light not only the very nature of the collective representations which influenced these works – especially those originating from the Catholic or nationalist, both Breton and French, imagination – but also to what extend the unprecedented conditions induced by the Great War forced these two men to invent new representations through their creation. Consequently, they gained a certain amount of individual freedom and a voice of their own, in this crucial moment of transition between tradition and modernity in society. Such a transition introduces the complete break of the development of individualism in European societies. In this perspective, the perception of Loeiz Herrieu and Yann-Ber Kalloc’h’s works improves the current understanding of the Breton folk’s state of mind at the beginning of the 20th century and of the reasons why Breton men accepted to go and sacrifice their lives on the battlefield in the name of France
Arx, Pauline von. "Francis Picabia et l’écriture poétique : des premiers poèmes publiés à la collaboration avec l’éditeur Pierre André Benoit (PAB)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040183.
Full textFrancis Picabia (1879 – 1953), well-known French painter of the beginning of the twentieth century, was also an experimentalist poet of the avant-garde milieu, who wrote throughout his entire life. Part of his writings have been edited, but many unpublished works can still be found in archives. The Dada period of his poetry is perhaps best known, more particularly for his drawing-poems, but I have discovered during my research that his late writings contain many unrevealed aspects. Particularly after he met the editor Pierre André Benoit (PAB) in 1948, a new important period began in Picabia’s poetic output, during which he published his writings from 1939 to 1951. This intense collaboration took place mainly at a distance, through the exchange of frequent letters, soon turning into a sincere friendship. These publications, most of which are one-of-a-kind books, are printed personally by PAB on his printing press, and are often illustrated by the artist or by the editor himself.Surprisingly, Picabia’s late poetry is strongly marked by Friedrich Nietzsche’s writings, in particular by The Gay Science (1882). The “borrowings” are so evident, that they call for a specific, new interpretation: thus, this peculiar creative process can be seen as a phenomenon of appropriation, or “intertextual rewriting”. This process of “copying”, was applied by the artist indistinctively to his art and poetry and can function as a possible solutionfor the classification of his controversial poems