Journal articles on the topic '1872-1964'

A world catalogue and taxonomic keys of the subfamily Nicomachinae (Polychaeta: Maldanidae) are provided. Threegenera and 32 species are listed, complete with original references, synonyms, additional references, type localities, andtaxonomic remarks for those species which present some problem. Nicomache interstricta Ehlers, 1908 is transferred tothe genus Lumbriclymene Sars, 1872. Nicomache inornata Moore, 1903, Petaloproctus crosnieri Rullier, 1964, andPetaloproctus crenatus Chamberlin, 1919 are considered incertae sedis. Only three species of Nicomachinae have abroad geographical distribution.

Alexandra Kollontai was the Soviet ambassador to Sweden in the years 1930 to 1945. In Sweden she gained many friends in the peace- and women’s movement and among these were several female physicians. This article describes and investigates the friendships between Swedish female physicians and Alexandra Kollontai. The three physicians focused on are Ada Nilsson (1872–1964), Andrea Andreen (1888–1972) and Nanna Svartz (1890–1986). It is found that Kollontai and the physicians became proper friends, although initial contacts between them had political or medical causes.

The Highest Glass Ceiling appeared just before the 2016 election. Hillary's ghost hovers. The U.S. presidency remains a male stronghold with its glass ceiling intact. Fitzpatrick and her publisher undoubtedly saw opportunity in a probable Clinton victory. There is a brief prologue and epilogue about Clinton that bookends the biographies of three other women who competed for the presidency in different eras: Victoria Woodhull, the Equal Rights Party candidate in 1872; Margaret Chase Smith, the 1964 Republican nominee; and Shirley Chisholm, the 1972 Democratic challenger.

The genus Stenolis Bates, 1864 is revised. New species described and illustrated include: Stenolis gilvolineata sp. nov., S. xanthostigma sp. nov., and S. giesberti sp. nov. from Panama; S. flavoguttata sp. nov. from Mexico (Veracruz and Chiapas); S. tavakiliani sp. nov. from Trinidad & Tobago, French Guiana, and Brazil (Amazonas and Rondônia); S. multimacula sp. nov. from Costa Rica S. marcelae sp. nov. from Brazil (Rondônia), Peru, and Bolivia; and S. nearnsi sp. nov. from Brazil (Amazonas and Pará). New transfers proposed: Lepturges circumscripta (Bates, 1881) comb. nov. from Stenolis, and S. vigintiguttata (Bates, 1885) comb. nov. from Nyssodrysternum. New synonyms proposed include: Nyssodrys decemguttata Bates, 1885 and Nyssodrys calligramma var. consobrina Melzer, 1934 = Stenolis calligramma (Bates, 1872). New country records: S. angulata (Fabricius, 1801) from Ecuador and Bolivia, S. calligramma (Bates, 1872) from Venezuela and Ecuador, and S. theobromae (Lara & Shenefelt, 1964) from Panama. A key for species identification is provided.

For many years, as long ago as 1872, the Amphipleura pellucida (Ap) diatom striae and punctae have been an intense object for measuring the quality of resolution of the light microscope (LM). More recent publications have also referenced Ap and the difficulty of resolving its punctae. Thus, from 1872 to 1947,much attention was directed towards Ap but without paying much attention to its detailed valve structure. This was probably due to lack of resolution of LM to reveal the details for the Ap punctae (pores). Work by Stoermer and Pankratz did TEM analysis of Ap in 1964. While their results and mine do not agree, this could be attributed to specimen preparation and the source of the diatoms. However, there is an heretofore unresolved issue about the physical differences of Ap from different geographic locations. My current work should resolve this issue. This started as a challenge about whether Ap could be selectively oriented inside up or inside down.

We analyzed 614 specimens of Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) collected from a coffee agro-ecosystem located at Cravinhos, São Paulo, Brazil, and 34 nominal species were identified belonging to 22 genera and 10 subfamilies. Temelucha hilux Gauld, 2000 and Xiphosomella bonera Gauld, 2000 were recorded for the first time in South America, Colpotrochia diabella Gauld & Sithole, 2002 for the first time in Brazil, and Acerastes pertinax (Cresson, 1872), Colpotrochia mexicana (Cresson, 1868), Colpotrochia neblina Gauld & Sithole, 2002, Colpotrochia texana (Cresson, 1872), Diplazon mulleolus Dasch, 1964, Eiphosoma nigrovittatum Cresson, 1865, Enicospilus flavus (Fabricius, 1775), Enicospilus glabratus (Say, 1835), Enicospilus purgatus (Say, 1835), Lymeon haemorrhoidalis (Taschenberg, 1876), Mesostenus alvarengae Porter, 1973, Microcharops plaumanni Gupta, 1987, Nonnus niger (Brullé, 1846), Ophiogastrella maculithorax Brues, 1912, Pachysomoides stupidus (Cresson, 1874), Polycyrtus albolineatus Cameron, 1911, and Trieces horisme Gauld & Sithole, 2002 for the first time in the state of São Paulo. Other 14 species had been already registered for the state of São Paulo, and for the first time, were being recorded in relation to a coffee agro-ecosystem.

Alnus brembana Rota (1853: 102, 79) (Betulaceae) was described by Italian botanist Lorenzo Rota (1819−1855) within his flora of the province of Bergamo (Rota 1853). Since its publication, the treatment of this taxon as an autonomous species did not reach a general agreement among botanists, as it was often recongnized at different taxonomic ranks, e.g. a variety or a subspecies (see e.g., Regel 1865, Parlatore 1868, Cesati et al. 1872, Arcangeli 1882, Fiori 1923, Schmidt 1996), or a synonym of A. alnobetula (Ehrhart 1783: 193) Koch (1872: 625). Some contemporary authors (Landolt 1993, 2010, Martini et al. 2012) still recognize the species as a local endemic to the southern Alps. Most current European floras and checklists (see e.g., Ball 1964, Pignatti 1982, Greuter et al. 1984, Ball 1993, Aeschimann et al. 2004, Conti et al. 2005, Euro+Med 2006 onwards) do however list it as a synonym of A. alnobetula subsp. alnobetula or its synonym A. viridis (Chaix 1785: 70) Candolle in Candolle & Lamarck (1805: 304). Its separation from A. alnobetula is questionable, since, as stated by Landolt (1993) himself, transitional forms occur within their alleged distribution areas.

Se presenta una lista anotada de los escarabajos eucnemídeos del Perú, basada en registros bibliográficos y examen de especímenes en colecciones de dos museos. La fauna peruana consiste aproximadamente de 107 especies en 30 géneros de ocho tribus y tres subfamilias. Se registran nueve géneros para Perú; entre ellos se encuentran: Xylophilus Mannerheim 1823, Temnillus Bonvouloir 1871, Gastraulacus Guérin-Méneville 1843, Somahenecus Cobos 1964, Silveriola Cobos 1956, Onichodon Newman 1838, Cladus Bonvouloir 1872, Thambus Bonvouloir 1871 y Neomathion Fleutiaux 1930. Recientemente se registraron cincuenta y ocho especies para Perú. Se proporciona una diagnosis de la familia, así como también notas sobre hábitat, métodos de recolección y biología de Eucnemidae. Esta publicación es una contribución del proyecto 'Escarabajos del Perú'.

The Melbourne Branch of the Royal Mint was founded in response to demand from prospectors and the rapidly increasing Victorian population for a viable currency. Its basic function was to assay the precious metals received, which relied on accurate weighing. Various officers of the Mint, including Robert Barton, George Foord, Robert Law and Carl Otto added refinements that contributed to the speed and reliability of this process. The Melbourne Mint operated from 1872 until 1968, although gold refining ceased in June 1964, and it then concentrated on producing threepenny and penny pieces, and also one- and two-cent bronze coins for the new decimal currency. The Royal Australian Mint, Canberra, was commissioned in 1965 and decimal currency was introduced on 14 February 1966.

Species of the tribe Chorosomatini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Rhopalidae: Rhopalinae) occurring in China are reviewed. Type materials of three species described from China, so far of uncertain identities, are re-examined and documented, and taxonomic changes are accordingly proposed. The following synonymies, suspected but not explicitly proposed by previous authors, are confirmed and explicitly proposed: Agraphopus lethierryi Stål, 1872 = A. yunnanus Hsiao, 1965; Leptoceraea viridis Jakovlev, 1873 = L. granulosa Hsiao, 1965; Chorosoma macilentum Stål, 1858 = Ch. brevicolle Hsiao, 1964. Faunistic records of other species of the tribe are provided, and several misidentifications in the previous literature are corrected; Ch. gracile Josifov, 1968, and Ch. schillingii (Schilling, 1829) are recorded for the first time from China. A checklist of the species and subspecies of Chorosomatini occurring in China, with a review of their distribution, and a key for their identification, are provided.

The radiocarbon dates reported in this list are almost all based on collagen measurements from human archaeologic bone material. This collagen was isolated according to the methods developed by Berger, Horney and Libby (1964), Ho, Marcus and Berger (1969), Longin (1971) and Protsch (1973). All samples were counted as CO2 gas at close to 1 atm in a 7.5L proportional counter with three energy channels. The 14C dates reported are calculated with the Libby half-life of 5568 ± 30 years as required by convention. 13C measurements were used to normalize to −25‰ in the standard manner. The biospheric standard is 95% the count rate of NBS oxalic acid for radiocarbon laboratories. Background is based on CO2 obtained from marble. The accuracy of counter operation is checked against historically dated wood from the funerary boat of Sesostris III, 1872−8+4 bc (Hayes, 1962). The 14C ages are not tree-ring calibrated.

Soul-Eye-Prow or Soul-Ferry-Prow?By Flemming Lundgreen-NielsenGrundtvig’s last completed poem .Old Enough I Now Have Grown. (1872) in stanza 3 presents a word that has not as of yet been deciphered with absolute certainty. At the first publication of the poem in 1880 by his son Svend it was given as »Sjæleøje-Stavnen« (literally: Soul-Eye-Prow), from 1964 on the reading .Sj.le-Færge-Stavnen. (literally: Soul-Ferry-Prow) has been suggested. The paper endeavours to settle this philological dispute. Firstly various renditions of the word through more than one century’s prints and reprints are registered, with specific regard to the (neglected) accuracy of spelling. Secondly the possible reading Soul-Eye- is verified as part of the metaphors of Danish Romanticism (found in B.S. Ingemann and in a hymn by Grundtvig), but due to lack of logical and metaphorical coherence the combination of the concrete word eye and the equally concrete word prow is rejected as against Grundtvig’s general practice in creating compounds.Contrarily Soul-Ferry- does make fine sense as part of an image of Charon’s boat and effortlessly combines with Prow. Thirdly the actual characters and strokes in the relevant line of Grundtvig’s manuscript are examined in minute details. The main problem is that Grundtvig because of failing eye-sight sometimes wrote words or letters with his steel pen without realising that he had run out of ink. The final result of this examination implies that the reading »Færge« (Ferry) seems the only possible one considering the number and kind of letters between the hyphens in the middle constituent of the trinomial compound. It is mentioned that in a scrutiny the small-scale photographic reproduction of the manuscript in Grundtvig’s Sang-Værk, vol. 6, 1964, cannot serve as a substitute for Grundtvig’s manuscript (in the Grundtvig Archive, The Royal Library, Copenhagen); neither can a contemporary handwritten copy.

A checklist of Gelechiidae in America north of Mexico is provided based on additions of new taxa and nomenclatorial changes in publications since 1978. This checklist includes the addition of 253 new species and 8 new genera, 30 species and 5 genera previously unrecorded from North America, 4 species inadvertently omitted in the previous checklist, and many nomenclatorial changes. Ymeldia Hodges, 1963 is transferred to Oecophoridae. The following new synonymies are established: Neoschema Povolny, 1967, n. syn. of Gnorimoschema Busck, 1900; Scrobipalpulopsis Povolný, 1987, n. syn. of Scrobipalpula Povolný; 1964, Tuta Kieffer & Jörgensen, 1910, rev. syn. of Phthorimaea Meyrick, 1902; Eupolella Fletcher, 1940, n. syn. of Dichomeris Hübner, [1818]; Eupolis Meyrick, 1923, n. syn. of Dichomeris Hübner, [1818]; Aristotelia nigrobasiella Clarke, 1932, n. syn. of Aristotelia isopelta Meyrick, 1929; Aristotelia intermediella (Chambers, 1879), n. syn. of Aristotelia pudibundella (Zeller, 1873); Gelechia brumella Clemens, 1864, n. syn. of Chionodes continuella (Zeller, 1839); Anacampsis bidiscomaculella (Chambers, 1874), rev. syn. of Anacampsis fullonella (Zeller, 1873); Aroga trachycosma (Meyrick, 1923), n. syn. of Aroga elaboratella (Braun, 1923); and Dichomeris caryaefoliella (Chambers, 1872), n. syn. of Dichomeris georgiella (Walker, 1866). The following new combinations are made: Monochroa pullusella (Chambers, 1874), n. comb., Monochroa robusta (Braun, 1921), n. comb., Gnorimoschema klotsi (Povolný, 1967), n. comb., Gnorimoschema powelli (Povolný, 1998a), n. comb., Scrobipalpuloides chiquitella (Busck, 1910), n. comb., Scrobipalpuloides chiquitelloides (Powell & Povolný, 2001), n. comb., Scrobipalpuloides elaborata (Povolný, 2000), n. comb., Scrobipalpuloides insularis (Powell & Povolný, 2001) n. comb., Scrobipalpuloides isolata (Povolný, 2000) n. comb., Scrobipalpuloides spinosa (Povolný, 2000), n. comb., Scrobipalpuloides totalis (Povolný, 2000), n. comb., Scrobipalpuloides truncata (Povolný, 2000), n. comb., Scrobipalpula lutescella (Clarke, 1934), n. comb., Scrobipalpula lycii (Powell & Povolný, 2001), n. comb., Scrobipalpula physaliella (Chambers, 1872), n. comb., and Scrobipalpa arenaceariella (Powell & Povolný, 2001), n. comb. New records for the Nearctic Region are given for Carpatolechia fugitivella (Zeller), Carpatolechia notatella (Hübner), Carpatolechia proximella (Hübner), and Altenia perspersella (Wocke). This checklist also provides the type localities of species based on examination of specimens and published references. Subfamilies have been divided into tribes, which has required rearrangement of genera. References that include new taxa or nomenclatorial changes since 1978 are provided.

The work presents lichenological materials collected in the years 1964–1969 in the area of the Beskid Wyspowy, Beskid Żywiecki and Pasmo Jałowca Ranges and the Babia Góra Massif in the Western Carpathians. In the years 1996–1997 comparative studies of those mountain ranges were undertaken again. However, the author managed to reinvestigate the lichens of the Beskid Wyspowy Rangę only, he will probably not be able to continue the research in the other ranges. The check-list of the lichen species occurring there in the sixties, published nów for the first time, can be the reference for the lichenologists who would carry out this project in the same way as the author referenced to the former investigations (STEIN 1872; REHMAN 1879; BOBERSKI 1886; MOTYKA 1934; ZSHACKE 1934; SUZA 1951). In the Beskid Wyspowy Range 342 species of lichens were found, among them 112 epiphytic species, 30 epixylic species, 6 epibryophytic species, 55 epigeic species and 139 epilithic species were recorded. One species of lichenicolous fungus was also found <em>Epilichen scabrosus</em>. In the Beskid Żywiecki and Pasmo Jałowca Ranges, and Babia Góra Massif 543 species of lichens occurred, among them 183 epiphytic species, 43 epixylic species, 21 epibryophytic species, 69 epigeic species and 194 epilithic species. The check-list includes also lichenicolous species: <em>Carbonea vitellinaria, Chaenothecopsis consociata, Microcalicium arenarium, Sphinctrina turbinata, Stenocybe pullatula</em>. In the Babia Góra Massif 27 species previously published from there were not found again: <em>Catolechia wahlenbergii, Cliostomum corrugatum, Phaeographis dendritica, Polyblastia cupularis, P. sendtneri, Solorina crocea, Sticta syhatica</em> (comp. STEIN 1872), <em>Ramalina calicaris</em> (REHMAN 1879), <em>Usneaflorida, U. longissima, U. scrobiculata</em> (MOTYKA 1934), <em>Polyblastia pallescens</em> (ZSCHACKE 1934), <em>Arthrorhaphis alpina, Cladonia amaurocrea, C. bellidiflora, C. cyanipes, C. macrophylla, Evernia divaricata, Hypotrachyna sinuosa, Mycobilimbia berengeriana, Nephroma laevigatum, Peltigera malacea, P. venosa, Solorina saccata, Sphaerophorus fragilis, Sporastatia polyspora, Thamnolia vermicularis</em> (comp. SUZA 1951).

Aquest treball es basa en nou cartes, inèdites i desconegudes fins ara, procedents d’un arxiu privat, adreçades per la professora, poeta i folklorista Palmira Jaquetti (Barcelona, 1895 – els Monjos, 1963) al gran mecenes català Rafael Patxot i Jubert (Sant Feliu de Guíxols, 1872 – Ginebra, 1964). Escrites el 1938 i el 1939, durant els anys finals de la guerra civil espanyola, ens permeten de conèixer tot un seguit de detalls nous sobre la malaltia crònica que va patir Jaquetti des del 1934 i sobre les seves vicissituds biogràfiques. Abandonada pel seu marit el 1937, va poder sortir de l’hospital el 1938 i de seguida es va reincorporar a l’Institut Pi i Margall de Barcelona, on ensenyava francès. Gran col·laboradora de l’Obra del Cançoner Popular de Catalunya, patrocinada per Patxot, va aconseguir un permís per traslladar-se durant una temporada d’estiu a Prats de Molló, a la Catalunya del Nord. Va poder dur-ho a terme, però el seu estat de salut l’obligà a dedicar- se només al descans. En acabar la guerra, fou sotmesa a un expedient de depuració, resolt el 1941 d’una manera relativament benigna. Malgrat la repressió franquista, va continuar encara les seves recerques folklòriques —que l’havien duta a recollir deu mil cançons populars catalanes—, tant a la vall d’Aran com en sis asils de Barcelona.

Efforts to foretell the future of the American Jewish community date farback to the nineteenth century, and for the most part the prophecies have beenexceedingly gloomy. Former president John Adams predicted in a letter toModecai Noah in 1819 that Jews might "possibly in time become liberalUnitatian Christians.” A young American Jewish student named WilliamRosenblatt, writing in 1872, declared that the grandchildren of Jewish immigrantsto America would almost surely intermarry and abandon the rite of circumcision.Within fifty years “at the latest,” he predicted, Jews would be“undistinguishable from the mass of humanity which surrounds them.“ Justunder a century later, in 1964, Look magazine devoted a whole issue to the“Vanishing American Jew,” at the time a much-discussed subject. More recently,in 1984, Rabbi Reuven Bulka, in a book entitled The Orthodox-Reform Rift and the Future of the Jewish People, warned that “we are headingtowards a disaster of massive proportions which the North American Jewishcommunity simply cannot afford.”So far, thank God, all of these predictions have proven wrong. TheJewish people lives on. Some might consider this a timely reminder that (assomeone once said) “prediction is very difficult, especially about the future.“Othem may view our continuing survival as nothing less than providential:evidence that God, in a display of His divine mercy, is watching over us. Athird view, my own, is that precisely because Jews are so worried about survival,we listen attentively to prophets of doom and respond to them ...

The Malagasy species of the dwarf gecko genera Lygodactylus Gray and Microscalabotes Boulenger have been largely neglected in recent studies on the herpetofauna of Madagascar. Since the historically earliest taxonomic description of Lygodactylus tolampyae in 1872, studies have mainly dealt with the systematics of these lizards, yet many taxonomic issues and the validity of several species is unclear. Some species have been described on the basis of immature specimens, or based on a low specimen number from single sites, and there are no assessments of geographic variation. In this paper we provide a review of Malagasy Lygodactylus and Microscalabotes based on preserved material from a number of major natural history museums, including types of most species, and on own collections. For each species we provide morphological diagnoses, standardized descriptions of up to 24 morphological characters, a list of localities, and discussions of geographical variation if it was apparent from the specimens examined. All except three Malagasy Lygodactylus species are assigned to a total of four phenetic species groups of which at least some may also represent monophyletic units. Hemipenial morphology is described for 11 species and provides a valuable source of characters to distinguish species groups, especially the L. madagascariensis group that differs from other Malagasy species by their lack of hemipenial serrated ridges with pointed papillae, short pedicel and poorly defined lobes. Lygodactylus praecox Pasteur, 1995 is considered as a junior synonym of Lygodactylus klemmeri Pasteur, 1964. One new species, Lygodactylus roavolana, is described based on a unique combination of morphological characters.

Translator’s Note The article that follows was first published in Zhongguo yingzao xueshe huikan (Bulletin of the Society for Research in Chinese Architecture), volume 7, number 1, in October 1944, when the journal resumed publishing after a seven-year hiatus. The Society for Research in Chinese Architecture had been founded by Zhu Qiqian (1872–1964) in 1930, and its leading members were Liang Sicheng (1901–72), Liu Dunzhen (1897–1968), and Lin Huiyin (1904–55). The war against Japan that officially broke out in 1937 wreaked havoc on ancient buildings in China, an issue that Liang discusses in the article, and also had a direct and drastic impact on the society, whose members were forced to flee Beijing. They went to southwestern inland China, settling first in Kunming, Yunnan province, in 1938, and then in the small village of Li Zhuang, Sichuan province, in the winter of 1940. Amid the severe material and financial hardships caused by the war, the society also had to endure the departure of its most important members and contributors to its research, including Liu Dunzhen in 1943. The handful of remaining scholars decided to resume publication of the bulletin in 1944, probably writing their journal articles by hand and reproducing the pages lithographically for distribution. The article followed a foreword and acknowledgment in the 1944 issue of the journal. During the society’s existence the journal was to publish only one more issue, in October 1945. Although Liang Sicheng was not named as the author of the article (which was signed only “the editor”) it is usually attributed, reasonably, to Liang Sicheng himself.1

Abstract Heavy snowfall and extreme snow depth cause serious losses of human life and property in the northern Tianshan Mountains almost every winter. Snow cover is an important indicator of climate change. In this study, we developed five tree-ring-width chronologies of Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey) from the northern Tianshan Mountains using standard dendrochronological methods. Correlation analyses indicated that radial growth of trees in the northern Tianshan Mountains is positively affected by annual maximum snow depth. This relationship was validated and models of annual maximum snow depth back to the 18th century were developed. The reconstruction explains 48.3% of the variance in the instrumental temperature records during the 1958/59–2003/04 calibration periods. It indicates that quasi-periodic changes exist on 2.0–4.0-yr, 5.3-yr, 14.0-yr, and 36.0-yr scales. The reconstructed series shows that maximum snow depth exhibits obvious stages change, the periods characterized by lower maximum snow depth were 1809/10–1840/41, 1873/74–1893/94, 1909/10–1929/30, 1964/65–1981/82, and the periods characterized by higher maximum snow depth were 1841/42–1872/73, 1894/95–1908/09, 1930/31–1963/64, and 1982/83–present. The lower period of annual maximum snow depth during the 1920s–1930s is consistent with the severe drought that occurred at this time in northern China. From the 1970s to the present, the maximum snow depth has increased clearly with the change to a warmer and wetter climate in Xinjiang. The reconstruction sheds new light on snow cover variability and change in a region where the climate history for the past several centuries is poorly understood.

Abstract. Danish auroral science history begins with the early auroral observations made by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe during the years from 1582 to 1601 preceding the Maunder minimum in solar activity. Included are also the brilliant observations made by another astronomer, Ole Rømer, from Copenhagen in 1707, as well as the early auroral observations made from Greenland by missionaries during the 18th and 19th centuries. The relations between auroras and geomagnetic variations were analysed by H. C. Ørsted, who also played a vital role in the development of Danish meteorology that came to include comprehensive auroral observations from Denmark, Iceland and Greenland as well as auroral and geomagnetic research. The very important auroral investigations made by Sophus Tromholt are outlined. His analysis from 1880 of auroral observations from Greenland prepared for the significant contributions from the Danish Meteorological Institute, DMI, (founded in 1872) to the first International Polar Year 1882/83, where an expedition headed by Adam Paulsen was sent to Greenland to conduct auroral and geomagnetic observations. Paulsen's analyses of the collected data gave many important results but also raised many new questions that gave rise to auroral expeditions to Iceland in 1899 to 1900 and to Finland in 1900 to 1901. Among the results from these expeditions were 26 unique paintings of the auroras made by the artist painter, Harald Moltke. The expedition to Finland was headed by Dan la Cour, who later as director of the DMI came to be in charge of the comprehensive international geomagnetic and auroral observations made during the Second International Polar Year in 1932/33. Finally, the article describes the important investigations made by Knud Lassen during, among others, the International Geophysical Year 1957/58 and during the International Quiet Sun Year (IQSY) in 1964/65. With his leadership the auroral and geomagnetic research at DMI reached a high international level that came to be the background for the first Danish satellite, Ørsted, successfully launched in 1999 and still in operation.

Uffe Hansen 14.12. 1894 - 11.9. 1994By Henning HøirupThe obituary begins with a description of Uffe Hansen’s background as an Independent Congregation clergyman (from 1925) to the Grundtvigian Independent Congregation (Danish valgmenighed, i.e. a congregation within the National Church, claiming the right to employ their own minister) of Ubberup, where the prominent clergymen V.J.Hoff and Carl Koch were his predecessors. Carl Koch’s extensive writings, theologically erudite, but .popular. in their language, and thus accessible to the layman, were to become the model for Uffe Hansen’s studies in Grundtvig’s hymnwriting. Through his membership of the Hymn Book Commission of the free Grundtvigian congregations (HYMNS. Independent Congregations and Free Church Congregations, 1935), Uffe Hansen was motivated to realize his plan of a complete account of the whole of Grundtvig’s hymn writing in the book Grundtvig’s Hymn Writing. Its History and Content I. 1810-1837, published in 1937. In the following years Uffe Hansen was absorbed in organizational work (Grundtvigian Convent, the »No More War« organization) and by his membership of the Grundtvigian Hymn Book Committee (The Danish Hymn Book. A Grundtvigian Proposal, 1944). In the 1940s efforts were made to unite the hymn tradition of the re-united Southern Jutland with the traditions of the Kingdom, i.e. the old Danish treasury of hymns and the Grundtvigian hymns. Uffe Hansen became a member of the Hymn Book Commission which published the proposal The Danish Hymn Book in 1951. More than anybody else, Uffe Hansen is responsible for the large number of Grundtvig hymns in this proposal, often with verses from the original versions of the hymns added to them. In spite of vehement criticism on this point The Danish Hymn Book was authorized in 1953. Grundtvig remained the predominant contributor, even though significant Grundtvig hymns, expressing his church view, were omitted, much to Uffe Hansen’s regret. The Hymn Book includes Uffe Hansen’s own translation of the Latin antiphone Oh, Grant Us Peace, Our Lord. While this debate was going on, the continuation of Uffe Hansen’s work, Grundtvig9s Hymn Writing II. 1837-1850 appeared in 1951, an important contribution to a comprehensive interpretation of Grundtvig’s work to renew the Danish hymnody. However, Uffe Hansen’s main achievement as a hymn researcher was his work as a co-editor of Grundtvig’s Song-Work I-VI, 1944-1964. This new edition was worked out on scientific principles, and the hymns were brought in chronological order, as far as it was possible. The edition included a critical variant apparatus, compiled by Uffe Hansen. Concurrently with this work, Uffe Hansen participated in the compilation of a Register of Grundtvig’s Posthumous Papers 1-IXXX, 1956-1964, and, while engaged on this, found several hitherto unknown hymns, which were included in the new edition of the Song-Work.Here Uffe Hansen’s abilities as a researcher and scholar were amply demonstrated. Then, in 1966, came his finalwork, Grundtvig’s Hymn Writing III. 1851-1872, which, like the other volumes, testify to Uffe Hansen’s talent for combining erudition with easy comprehensibility. In his last years Uffe Hansen lived in Holland; he was laid to rest from the Independent Congregation Church of Ubberup.

In the tribe Adeliini, 45 genera are recognised: 24 endemic to Australia, nineto New Zealand, eight to New Caledonia, and three to Chile, and one(Licinoma Pascoe) that occurs in both Australia andChile. The genera of Australia and Chile are keyed and fully described, andall recognised species of Adeliini from Australia (303) and Chile (12),including synonyms and 66 new combinations, are listed in appendices. Onlycryptic features (defensive glands, stridulatory files, aedeagus, ovipositorand female tract) are described for New Zealand and New Caledonian genera, butall characters are included in an overall data matrix for analysis.The Adeliini are considered to be a tribe separate from Laenini. Therelationships of Phobelia Blanchard, Laenini,Goniaderini and Oncotini are briefly discussed. Four generic names aresynonymised: Achora Pascoe, 1869 =Isopteron Hope, 1840; DystalicaPascoe, 1869 = Adelium Kirby, 1818;Macroperas Carter, 1914 =Daedrosis Bates, 1868; andPseudadelium Kaszab, 1982 =Neoadelium Carter, 1908. New specific synonymiesproposed are Daedrosis rufipes Carter, 1934 =Tetragonomenes ruficornis (Champion, 1894);Adelium sinuaticolle Carter, 1914 =A. hackeri Carter, 1908;Dystalica multilineata Carter, 1937 =Seirotrana strigipennis Bates, 1873; andAdelium delicatulumCarter, 1919 =Adelium panagaeicolle Macleay, 1872. Two new names areproposed for new secondary homonyms: Daedrosis carteri,nom. nov. for D. antennalis Carter, 1920 (not Carter,1914), and Isopteron kulzeri, nom. nov. forCestrinus gracilis Kulzer, 1964 (not Carter, 1939).Eleven new genera and seven new species are described from Australia:Apocryphodes based onA. thompsoni, sp. nov; Bellendenumbased on B. gonyxuthum, sp. nov.;Bolusculus based on B. arcanus,sp. nov.; Diaspirus based onD. bellendenus, sp. nov.;Dicyrtodes based on D. arneius,sp. nov.; Diemenoma based onAdelium commodum Pascoe, 1869;Dorrigonum based onLicinoma umbilicata Carter, 1924;Epomidus, based on E. prionodes,sp. nov.; Monteithium based onM. ascetum, sp. nov.; Nolicimabased on Cardiothorax angusticollis Carter, 1906; andYarranum based onSeirotrana crenicollis Pascoe, 1869. Two new genera andone new species are described from Chile: Penadeliumbased on P. araucanum, sp. nov., andValdivium based onAdelium sulcatulum Fairmaire & Germain, 1860.All world genera but one were used for a phylogenetic reconstruction usingparsimony, which in turn is the basis for a biogeographic analysis. It wasfound to be necessary to divide Australia into two areas: the wet tropics ofnorthern Queensland, which have genera forming a monophyletic group with someof those of New Caledonia, and south-eastern Australia, which includes generaforming monophyletic groups with those of Chile. New Zealand genera do notparticipate in convincing monophyletic relationships with those of any othersingle area.

This paper, dedicated to search for identification methods of genera of Salticidae (Araneae), presents prototype of a “Handbook of Jumping Spiders Identification”, based on morphology of palps, spermathecae and ducts, as well as some other easily noticeable characters. It includes diagnostic drawings of representative species of each genus, additional survey of diversity of these characters in 4800 recognizable species is available instantly, by hyperlinks provided to parallel Internet "Monograph of the Salticidae (Araneae) of the World 1995-2016".Part I "Introduction to alternative classification of Salticidae" by Prószyński (2016a), accessible at: http://www.peckhamia.com/salticidae/Subfamilies/ [too large to be published whole as a PDF]. The work contains methodological suggestions on how the proposed system could be improved and further developed. Partial revision of the present taxonomic system of Salticidae is included.The paper provides diagnoses and diagnostic drawings to genera of Salticidae, grouped to facilitate identification into morphologically coherent, informal groups of genera. There are following provisional groups proposed: AEURILLINES, AMYCINES, AMYCOIDA VARIA, ASTIAINES, BELIPPINES, CHRYSILLINES, COCALODINES, COLONINES [= former Thiodininae], DENDRYPHANTINES, DIOLENINES, EUODENINES, EUOPHRYINES, EUPOAINES, EVARCHINES, HABRONATTINES, HARMOCHIRINES, HELIOPHANINES, HISPONINES, HYLLINES, ICIINES, LAPSIINES, LIGONIPEINES, LYSSOMANINES, MENEMERINES, MYRMARACHNINES, NOTICIINES, PELLENINES, PSEUDICIINES, SIMAETHINES, SITTICINES, SPARTAEINES, THIRATOSCIRTINAE, YAGINUMAELLINES, YLLENINES. There is also temporary UNCLASSIFIED group and display of exemplary FOSSILS. The proposals of grouping and delimitation have working character, pending further research and tests.The following synonyms and combinations (new, corrected or reinstated) are listed in the paper together with their documentation and/or discussions. They have been accumulated during 22 years of work on database, but are printed for the first time only now (location of their documentation in the text below can be quickly found using computer searching facility).Aelurillus stanislawi (Prószyński, 1999) (male from Israel) = Rafalus stanislawi Prószyński, 1999, Aelurillus stanislawi Azarkina, (2006) (nec Prószyński, 1999) = Aelurillus minutus Azarkina, 2002, Amphidraus manni (Bryant 1943) = Nebridia manni Bryant 1943, Amphidraus mendica (Bryant 1943) = Nebridia mendica Bryant 1943, Amphidraus semicanus (Simon, 1902) = Nebridia semicana Simon, 1902, Bianor incitatus Thorell, 1890 (in part) = Stichius albomaculatus Thorell, 1890, Bryantella smaragdus (Crane, 1945) = Bryantella smaragda (Crane, 1945), Chinattus undulatus (Song & Chai, 1992) (in part, male) = Chinattus szechwanensis (Prószyński, 1992), Colyttus kerinci (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) = Donoessus kerinci Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012, Colyttus nigriceps (Simon, 1899) = Donoessus nigriceps (Simon, 1899), Colyttus striatus (Simon, 1902) = Donoessus striatus (Simon, 1902), Cytaea severa (Thorell, 1881) (in part) = Cytaea alburna Keyserling, 1882, Euophrys minuta Prószynski, 1992 ) = Lechia minuta (Prószynski, 1992 ), Laufeia daiqini (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) = Junxattus daiqini Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012, Laufeia kuloni (Prószynski & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) = Orcevia kuloni Prószynski & Deeleman-Reinhold 2012, Laufeia keyserlingi (Thorell, 1890) = Orcevia keyserlingi (Thorell, 1890), Laufeia eucola (Thorell, 1890) = Orcevia eucola (Thorell, 1890), Laufeia perakensis (Simon, 1901) = Orcevia perakensis (Simon, 1901), Laufeia proszynskii Song, Gu & Chen, 1988 = Orcevia proszynskii (Song, Gu & Chen, 1988), Laufeia squamata ( Żabka, 1985 ) = Lechia squamata Żabka, 1985, Maevia C. L. Koch, 1846 (in part) = Paramaevia Barnes, 1955, Maevia hobbsae Barnes, 1958 = Paramaevia hobbsae Barnes, 1958, Maevia michelsoni Barnes, 1958 = Paramaevia michelsoni (Barnes, 1958), Maevia poultoni Peckham & Peckham, 1909 = Paramaevia poultoni (Peckham & Peckham, 1901),Maratus anomaliformis (Żabka, 1987) = "Lycidas" anomaliformis Żabka, 1987, Metaphidippus felix (Peckham & Peckham, 1901) = Messua felix (Peckham & Peckham, 1901), Monomotapa principalis Wesolowska, 2000 = Iranattus principalis (Wesolowska, 2000), Myrmarachne exasperans (Peckham & Peckham, 1892) = Emertonius exasperans Peckham & Peckham, 1892, Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 (in part) = Myrmarachne ramosa Badcock, 1918, Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 (in part) = Myrmarachne contracta (Karsch, 1880), Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 (in part) = Myrmarachne albicrurata Badcock, 1918, Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 (in part) = Myrmarachne lateralis Badcock, 1918, Myrmarachne melanocephala MacLeay, 1839 (in part) = Myrmarachne providens Simon, 1901, Myrmavola globosa (Wanless, 1978) = Toxeus globosus (Wanless, 1978) (self-correction), Omoedus albertisi (Thorell, 1881) = Zenodorus albertisi (Thorell, 1881), Omoedus arcipluvii (Peckham, Peckham, 1901) = Zenodorus arcipluvii (Peckham, Peckham, 1901), Omoedus asper (Karsch, 1878) = Ascyltus asper (Karsch, 1878), Omoedus bernsteini (Thorell, 1881) = Zenodorus bernsteini (Thorell, 1881), - Omoedus brevis Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus brevis (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus cyanothorax (Thorell, 1881) = Pystira cyanothorax (Thorell, 1881), - Omoedus durvillei (Walckenaer, 1837) = Zenodorus durvillei (Walckenaer, 1837)- Omoedus danae (Hogg, 1915) = Zenodorus danae Hogg, 1915, - Omoedus darleyorum Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus darleyorum (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012),Omoedus ephippigerus (Simon, 1885) = Pystira ephippigera (Simon, 1885), Omoedus karschi (Thorell, 1881) = Pystira karschi (Thorell, 1881), Omoedus lepidus (Guerin, 1834) = Zenodorus lepidus (Guerin, 1834), Omoedus metallescens (Koch L., 1879) = Zenodorus metallescens (Koch L., 1879), Omoedus meyeri Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus meyeri (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus microphthalmus (Koch L., 1881) = Zenodorus microphthalmus (Koch L., 1881), Omoedus nigripalpis (Thorell, 1877) = Pystira nigripalpis (Thorell, 1877)]. Omoedus obscurofemoratus (Keyserling, 1883) = Zenodorus obscurofemoratus (Keyserling, 1883), Omoedus omundseni Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus omundseni (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus orbiculatus (Keyserling, 1881) = Zenodorus orbiculatus (Keyserling, 1881), Omoedus papuanus Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus papuanus (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus ponapensis (Berry, Beatty, Prószyński, 1996) = Zenodorus ponapensis Berry, Beatty, Prószynski, 1996, Omoedus semirasus (Keyserling, 1882) = Zenodorus semirasus (Keyserling, 1882), Omoedus swiftorum Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus swiftorum (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus tortuosus Zhang J., Maddison, 2012 = Zenodorus tortuosus (Zhang J., Maddison, 2012), Omoedus versicolor (Dyal, 1935) = Pystira versicolor Dyal, 1935, [Unrecognizable species of Zenodorus: Omoedus jucundus (Rainbow, 1912) = Zenodorus jucundus (Rainbow, 1912), Omoedus juliae (Thorell, 1881) = Zenodorus juliae (Thorell, 1881), Omoedus marginatus (Simon, 1902) = Zenodorus marginatus (Simon, 1902), Omoedus niger (Karsch, 1878) = Zenodorus niger (Karsch, 1878), - Omoedus pupulus (Thorell, 1881) = Zenodorus pupulus (Thorell, 1881), - Omoedus pusillus (Strand, 1913) = Zenodorus pusillus (Strand, 1913), Omoedus rhodopae (Hogg, 1915) = Zenodorus rhodopae (Hogg, 1915), Omoedus syrinx (Hogg, 1915) = Zenodorus syrinx Hogg, 1915, Omoedus variatus (Pocock, 1899) = Zenodorus variatus (Pocock, 1899), Omoedus varicans (Thorell, 1881) = Zenodorus varicans Thorell, 1881, Omoedus wangillus (Strand, 1911) = Zenodorus wangillus Strand, 1911], Pellenes ostrinus (Simon, 1884) (in part) = Pellenes diagonalis Simon, 1868, Pseudicius alter Wesolowska, 1999 = Afraflacilla altera (Wesolowska, 1999), Pseudicius arabicus (Wesolowska, van Harten, 1994) = Afraflacilla arabica Wesolowska, van Harten, 1994, Pseudicius bipunctatus Peckham, Peckham, 1903 = Afraflacilla bipunctata (Peckham, Peckham, 1903), Pseudicius braunsi Peckham, Peckham, 1903 = Afraflacilla braunsi (Peckham, Peckham, 1903), Pseudicius datuntatus Logunov, Zamanpoore, 2005= Afraflacilla datuntata (Logunov, Zamanpoore, 2005), Pseudicius elegans (Wesolowska, Cumming, 2008) = Afraflacilla elegans (Wesolowska, Cumming, 2008), Pseudicius eximius Wesolowska, Russel-Smith, 2000 = Afraflacilla eximia (Wesolowska, Russel-Smith, 2000), Pseudicius fayda Wesolowska, van Harten, 2010 = Afraflacilla fayda (Wesolowska, van Harten, 2010), Pseudicius flavipes Caporiacco, 1935 = Afraflacilla flavipes (Caporiacco, 1935), Pseudicius histrionicus Simon, 1902 = Afraflacilla histrionica (Simon, 1902), Pseudicius imitator Wesolowska, Haddad, 2013 = Afraflacilla imitator (Wesolowska, Haddad, 2013), Pseudicius javanicus Prószynski, Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012 = Afraflacilla javanica (Prószynski, Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012), Pseudicius karinae (Haddad, Wesolowska, 2011) = Afraflacilla karinae (Haddad, Wesolowska, 2011), Pseudicius kraussi Marples, 1964 = Afraflacilla kraussi (Marples, 1964), Pseudicius mikhailovi Prószynski, 1999 = Afraflacilla mikhailovi (Prószynski, 1999), Pseudicius mushrif Wesolowska, van Harten, 2010 = Afraflacilla mushrif (Wesolowska, van Harten, 2010), Pseudicius philippinensis Prószynski, 1992 = Afraflacilla philippinensis (Prószynski, 1992), Pseudicius punctatus Marples, 1957 = Afraflacilla punctata (Marples, 1957), Pseudicius refulgens Wesolowska, Cumming, 2008 = Afraflacilla refulgens (Wesolowska, Cumming, 2008), Pseudicius reiskindi Prószynski, 1992 = Afraflacilla reiskindi (Prószynski, 1992), Pseudicius roberti Wesolowska, 2011 = Afraflacilla roberti (Wesolowska, 2011), Pseudicius spiniger (Pickard-Cambridge O., 1872) = Afraflacilla spiniger (Pickard-Cambridge O., 1872), Pseudicius tamaricis Simon, 1885 = Afraflacilla tamaricis (Simon, 1885), Pseudicius tripunctatus Prószynski, 1989 = Afraflacilla tripunctata (Prószynski, 1989), Pseudicius venustulus Wesolowska, Haddad, 2009 = Afraflacilla venustula (Wesolowska, Haddad, 2009), Pseudicius wadis Prószynski, 1989 = Afraflacilla wadis (Prószynski, 1989), Pseudicius zuluensis Haddad, Wesolowska, 2013 = Afraflacilla zuluensis (Haddad, Wesolowska, 2013), Servaea incana (Karsch, 1878) (in part) = Servaea vestita ( L. Koch, 1879), Sidusa extensa (Peckham & Peckham, 1896) = Cobanus extensus (Peckham & Peckham, 1896), Sidusa Peckham & Peckham, 1895 (in part) = Cobanus F. O. Pickard-Cambridge , 1900, Sidusa Peckham & Peckham, 1895 (in part) = Wallaba Mello-Leitão, 1940, Stagetillus elegans (Reimoser, 1927) = "Padillothorax" elegans Reimoser, 1927, Stagetillus taprobanicus (Simon, 1902) = "Padillothorax" taprobanicus Simon, 1902, Telamonia besanconi (Berland & Millot, 1941) = Brancus besanconi (Berland & Millot, 1941), Telamonia fuscimana (Simon, 1903) = Brancus fuscimanus (Simon, 1903), Telamonia longiuscula (Thorell, 1899) = Hyllus longiusculus (Thorell, 1899), Telamonia thoracica (Thorell, 1899) [="Viciria"thoracica: Prószyński, 1984 = Hyllus thoracicus (Thorell, 1899), - Thiania sundevalli (Thorell, 1890) = Nicylla sundevalli Thorell, 1890, Thiania spectrum (Simon, 1903) = Thianitara spectrum Simon, 1903, Thiania thailandica (Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012) = Thianitara thailandica Prószyński & Deeleman-Reinhold, 2012, Viciria albocincta Thorell, 1899 = Hyllus albocinctus (Thorell, 1899), Yaginumaella striatipes (Grube, 1861) (in part) = Yaginumaella ususudi Yaginuma, 1972.

AbstractSea-level rise is a significant indicator of broader climate changes, and the time of emergence concept can be used to identify when modern rates of sea-level rise emerged above background variability. Yet a range of estimates of the timing persists both globally and regionally. Here, we use a global database of proxy sea-level records of the Common Era (0–2000 CE) and show that globally, it is very likely that rates of sea-level rise emerged above pre-industrial rates by 1863 CE (P = 0.9; range of 1825 [P = 0.66] to 1873 CE [P = 0.95]), which is similar in timing to evidence for early ocean warming and glacier melt. The time of emergence in the North Atlantic reveals a distinct spatial pattern, appearing earliest in the mid-Atlantic region (1872–1894 CE) and later in Canada and Europe (1930–1964 CE). Regional and local sea-level changes occurring over different time periods drive the spatial pattern in emergence, suggesting regional processes underlie centennial-timescale sea-level variability over the Common Era.

The naming of the Permian by Roderick Murchison in 1841 is well known. This is partly because he ‘completed’ the stratigraphic column at the system level, but also because of the exotic aspects of his extended fieldwork in remote parts of Russia and his reputed character. Here, we explore several debated and controversial aspects of this act, benefiting from access to documents and reports from Russian sources. Murchison or Sedgwick could have provided a name for the unnamed lower New Red Sandstone in 1835 based on British successions or those in Germany, so perhaps the imperial aim of naming time from British geology was not the urgent task some have assumed. Murchison has been painted as arrogant and imperialistic, which was doubtless true, but at the time many saw him as a great leader, even an attractive individual. Others suggest he succeeded because he stood on the shoulders of local geologists; however, his abilities of brilliant and rapid geological synthesis are undoubted. Two unexpected consequences of his work are that this arch-conservative is revered in Russia as a hero of geological endeavours and, for all his bombast, his ‘Permian’ was not widely accepted until 100 years after its naming.Supplementary material: Original text and English-language translations of five of the key papers (Murchison 1841d; Helmersen 1872; Shafranovsky 1964; Chuvashov 2010; Malakhova 2012) are available at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5412079

Abstract Cryphalini Lindemann, 1877 are a speciose group of mostly miniscule beetles. The tribe Cryphalini is reviewed here which resulted in taxonomic and nomenclatural changes. This revision follows a recent molecular phylogenomic re-analysis focused on the tribe and related scolytine taxa. The analysis demonstrated that the tribe is polyphyletic, as found in other molecular phylogenies. To ensure monophyletic classification, we present a revision of the former tribe with two tribes resurrected, one described, and several genera transferred to other existing tribes. Additionally, extensive generic synonymy, and new combinations are presented. A key, photographs, and illustrations are provided to enable an accurate determination of genera. The revised Cryphalini contains only CryphalusErichson, 1836 (=Hypocryphalus Hopkins, 1915 syn. nov.; Margadillius Hopkins, 1915 syn. nov.). Coriacephilini Johnson trib. nov. contains only Coriacephilus Schedl, 1939. Ernoporini Nüsslin, 1911 stat. res. contains EidophelusEichhoff, 1876 (=Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 syn. nov.; PtilopodiusHopkins, 1915syn. nov.; ErnoporicusBerger, 1917syn. nov.; CryphalogenesWood, 1980syn. nov.); ErnoporusThomson, 1859 (=ErnocladiusWood, 1980syn. nov.; AllothenemusBright and Torres, 2006syn. nov.); Hemicryphalus Schedl, 1963; and ProcryphalusHopkins, 1915. Trypophloeini Nüsslin, 1911 stat. res. includes the genera Afrocosmoderes Johnson and Jordal gen. nov.; AtomothenemusBright, 2019; Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (=AllernoporusKurentsov, 1941syn. nov.); HypothenemusWestwood, 1834 (=PeriocryphalusWood, 1971syn. nov.); MacrocryphalusNobuchi, 1981stat. res.; Microcosmoderes Johnson and Jordal gen. nov.; MicrosomusBright, 2019; PygmaeoborusBright, 2019; and TrypophloeusFairmaire, 1864. Xyloterini LeConte, 1876 is maintained, containing Indocryphalus Eggers, 1939; TrypodendronStephens, 1830 and XyloterinusSwaine, 1918. AcorthylusBrèthes, 1922, CryptocarenusEggers, 1937, Neocryphus Nunberg, 1956, Stegomerus Wood, 1967, and TrypolepisBright, 2019 are transferred to Corthylini LeConte, 1876. Stephanopodius Schedl, 1963 is transferred to Xyloctonini Eichhoff, 1878. As a consequence of generic synonymy, the following new or resurrected combinations are proposed: Cosmoderes euonymi (Kurentsov, 1941) comb. nov.; Cryphalus aciculatus (Schedl, 1939) comb. nov.; Cryphalus afiamalus (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov.; Cryphalus angustior Eggers, 1927 comb. res.; Cryphalus asper (Broun, 1881) comb. nov.; Cryphalus bakeri (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov.; Cryphalus basihirtusBeeson, 1929comb. nov.; Cryphalus bidentatus (Browne, 1980) comb. nov.; Cryphalus brevior (Schedl, 1943) comb. nov.; Cryphalus carinatus (Browne, 1980) comb. nov.; Cryphalus confusus (Hopkins, 1915) comb. nov.; Cryphalus corpulentus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Cryphalus cylindripennis (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov.; Cryphalus cylindrus (Browne, 1950) comb. nov.; Cryphalus densepilosus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Cryphalus dilutus Eichhoff, 1878 comb. res.; Cryphalus discrepans (Schedl, 1965) comb. nov.; Cryphalus discretus Eichhoff, 1878 comb. res.; Cryphalus erythrinae (Hopkins, 1915) comb. nov.; Cryphalus fici (Browne, 1986) comb. nov.; Cryphalus glabratus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov.; Cryphalus granulatus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Cryphalus imitans (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov.; Cryphalus interponens (Schedl, 1953) comb. nov.; Cryphalus kalambanganus (Schedl, 1943) comb. nov.; Cryphalus laevis (Browne, 1980) comb. nov.; Cryphalus laticollis (Browne, 1974) comb. nov.; Cryphalus longipennis (Browne, 1970) comb. nov.; Cryphalus longipilis (Browne, 1981) comb. nov.; Cryphalus magnus (Browne, 1984) comb. nov.; Cryphalus malayensis (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Cryphalus mangiferaeStebbing, 1914comb. res.; Cryphalus margadilaonis (Hopkins, 1915) comb. nov.; Cryphalus mindoroensis (Schedl, 1943) comb. nov.; Cryphalus minor (Schedl, 1943) comb. nov.; Cryphalus minutus (Hopkins, 1915) comb. nov.; Cryphalus mollis Schedl, 1955 comb. res.; Cryphalus moorei (Schedl, 1964) comb. nov.; Cryphalus nigrosetosus (Schedl, 1948) comb. nov.; Cryphalus nitidicollis (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Cryphalus obscurus (Hopkins, 1915) comb. nov.; Cryphalus ovalicollis (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Cryphalus papuanus (Schedl, 1973) comb. nov.; Cryphalus piliger (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Cryphalus polynesiae (Schedl, 1979) comb. nov.; Cryphalus quadrituberculatus (Schedl, 1963) comb. nov.; Cryphalus reflexus (Browne, 1980) comb. nov.; Cryphalus robustus Eichhoff, 1872 comb. res.; Cryphalus rotundus (Hopkins, 1915) comb. nov.; Cryphalus sandakanensis Schedl, 1937 comb. res.; Cryphalus spathulatus (Schedl, 1938) comb. nov.; Cryphalus striatulus (Browne, 1978) comb. nov.; Cryphalus striatus (Hopkins, 1915) comb. nov.; Cryphalus sumatranus (Schedl, 1939) comb. nov.; Cryphalus triangularis (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Cryphalus tutuilaensis (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov.; Eidophelus absonus (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus afer (Schedl, 1970) comb. nov.; Eidophelus africanus (Schedl, 1977) comb. nov.; Eidophelus aitutakii (Beaver and Maddison, 1990) comb. nov.; Eidophelus alniphagus (Nobuchi, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus alternans (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus amanicus (Eggers, 1919) comb. nov.; Eidophelus ankius (Schedl, 1979) comb. nov.; Eidophelus apicalis (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov.; Eidophelus approximatus (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus aspericollis (Eichhoff, 1878) comb. nov.; Eidophelus ater (Eggers, 1923) comb. nov.; Eidophelus australis (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Eidophelus badius (Nobuchi, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus bambusae (Browne, 1983) comb. nov.; Eidophelus bangensis (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov.; Eidophelus basilaris (Wood, 1960) comb. nov.; Eidophelus birosimensis (Murayama, 1958) comb. nov.; Eidophelus braderi (Browne, 1965) comb. nov.; Eidophelus brimblecombei (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov.; Eidophelus buruensis (Eggers, 1926) comb. nov.; Eidophelus camelliae (Nobuchi, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus candidus (Nobuchi, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus capucinus (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov.; Eidophelus caucasicus (Lindemann, 1877) comb. nov.; Eidophelus ceylonicus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov.; Eidophelus cicatricosus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Eidophelus coccotrypanoides (Schedl, 1939) comb. nov.; Eidophelus communis (Schaufuss, 1891) comb. nov.; Eidophelus confragosus (Sampson, 1914) comb. nov.; Eidophelus corni (Kurentsov, 1941) comb. nov.; Eidophelus corpulentus (Schedl, 1965) comb. nov.; Eidophelus corrugatus (Schedl, 1950) comb. nov.; Eidophelus creber (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus crenatus (Sampson, 1914) comb. nov.; Eidophelus cylindricus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov.; Eidophelus darwini (Eichhoff, 1878) comb. nov.; Eidophelus devius (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus dubiosus (Wood, 1960) comb. nov.; Eidophelus eggersi (Schedl, 1962) comb. nov.; Eidophelus euphorbiae (Wood, 1980) comb. nov.; Eidophelus excellens (Schedl, 1979) comb. nov.; Eidophelus exiguus (Wood, 1980) comb. nov.; Eidophelus exilis (Yin, 2001) comb. nov.; Eidophelus eximius (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Eidophelus expers (Blandford, 1894) comb. nov.; Eidophelus fagi (Fabricius, 1798) comb. nov.; Eidophelus fijianus (Schedl, 1950) comb. nov.; Eidophelus formosanus (Browne, 1981) comb. nov.; Eidophelus fugax (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus fujisanus (Nobuchi, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus fulgens (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus fulgidus (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus fulvipennis (Nobuchi, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus ghanaensis (Schedl, 1977) comb. nov.; Eidophelus glabratus (Yin, 2001) comb. nov.; Eidophelus gracilis (Schedl, 1950) comb. nov.; Eidophelus granulatus (Wood, 1960) comb. nov.; Eidophelus grobleri (Schedl, 1962) comb. nov.; Eidophelus hirtus (Wood, 1974) comb. nov.; Eidophelus hobohmi (Schedl, 1955) comb. nov.; Eidophelus hylesinopsis (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus incultus (Yin, 2001) comb. nov.; Eidophelus indicus (Wood, 1989) comb. nov.; Eidophelus insularis (Nobuchi, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus insularum (Krivolutskaya, 1968) comb. nov.; Eidophelus jalappae (Letzner, 1849) comb. nov.; Eidophelus javanus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Eidophelus kanawhae (Hopkins, 1915) comb. nov.; Eidophelus landolphiae (Schedl, 1961) comb. nov.; Eidophelus leprosulus (Browne, 1974) comb. nov.; Eidophelus longipennis (Eggers, 1936) comb. nov.; Eidophelus magnocularis (Yin, 2001) comb. nov.; Eidophelus marquesanus (Beeson, 1935) comb. nov.; Eidophelus mauritianus (Schedl, 1965) comb. nov.; Eidophelus micans (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov.; Eidophelus minor (Eggers, 1927) comb. nov.; Eidophelus minutissimus (Schedl, 1943) comb. nov.; Eidophelus mus (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus nanulus (Wood, 1960) comb. nov.; Eidophelus nigellatus (Schedl, 1950) comb. nov.; Eidophelus nubilus (Wood, 1960) comb. nov.; Eidophelus ocularis (Schedl, 1965) comb. nov.; Eidophelus onyanganus (Schedl, 1941) comb. nov.; Eidophelus opacus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov.; Eidophelus pacificus (Schedl, 1941) comb. nov.; Eidophelus papuanus (Schedl, 1974) comb. nov.; Eidophelus papuensis (Wood, 1989) comb. nov.; Eidophelus paradoxus (Wood, 1992) comb. nov.; Eidophelus parvus (Hopkins, 1915) comb. nov.; Eidophelus pityophthorinus (Schedl, 1943) comb. nov.; Eidophelus pleiocarpae (Schedl, 1957) comb. nov.; Eidophelus polisquamosus (Yin, 2001) comb. nov.; Eidophelus praeda (Browne, 1978) comb. nov.; Eidophelus puerarae (Choo and Woo, 1989) comb. nov.; Eidophelus pumilionides (Schedl, 1977) comb. nov.; Eidophelus pumilus (Wood, 1960) comb. nov.; Eidophelus punctatulus (Nobuchi, 1976) comb. nov.; Eidophelus punctatus (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov.; Eidophelus puncticollis (Schedl, 1950) comb. nov.; Eidophelus pygmaeolus (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov.; Eidophelus quadridens (Browne, 1983) comb. nov.; Eidophelus ramosus (Beeson, 1935) comb. nov.; Eidophelus robustus (Schedl, 1955) comb. nov.; Eidophelus rugosus (Schedl, 1943) comb. nov.; Eidophelus rusticus (Wood, 1974) comb. nov.; Eidophelus semenovi (Kurentsov, 1941) comb. nov.; Eidophelus separandus (Schedl, 1965) comb. nov.; Eidophelus setifer (Wood, 1974) comb. nov.; Eidophelus sodalis (Schedl, 1965) comb. nov.; Eidophelus spessivtzevi (Berger, 1917) comb. nov.; Eidophelus spirostachius (Schedl, 1958) comb. nov.; Eidophelus splendens (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus squamatilis (Schedl, 1977) comb. nov.; Eidophelus squamosus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Eidophelus squamulosus (Eggers, 1936) comb. nov.; Eidophelus stephegynis (Hopkins, 1915) comb. nov.; Eidophelus takahashii (Nobuchi, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus tarawai (Beaver, 1990) comb. nov.; Eidophelus tonsus (Schedl, 1969) comb. nov.; Eidophelus tricolor (Lea, 1910) comb. nov.; Eidophelus trucis (Wood, 1974) comb. nov.; Eidophelus uncatus (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov.; Eidophelus usagaricus (Eggers, 1922) comb. nov.; Eidophelus varius (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus venustus (Schedl, 1953) comb. nov.; Eidophelus yunnanensis (Yin, 2001) comb. nov.; Eidophelus zachvatkini (Krivolutskaya, 1958) comb. nov.; Ernoporus corpulentus (Sampson, 1919) comb. nov.; Ernoporus exquisitus (Bright, 2019) comb. nov.; Ernoporus guiboutiae (Schedl, 1957) comb. nov.; Ernoporus minutus (Bright and Torres, 2006) comb. nov.; Hypothenemus attenuatus (Eggers, 1935) comb. nov.; Hypothenemus loranthus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Hypothenemus novateutonicus (Schedl, 1951) comb. nov.; Hypothenemus pullus (Wood, 1971) comb. nov. Following assessment of diagnostic characters, the following species were transferred to a different genus: Afrocosmoderes madagascariensis Schedl, 1961 comb. nov.; Afrocosmoderes caplandicus (Schedl, 1965) comb. nov.; Afrocosmoderes grobleri (Schedl, 1961) comb. nov.; Afrocosmoderes niger (Schedl, 1961) comb. nov.; Afrocosmoderes pellitus (Schedl, 1953) comb. nov.; Afrocosmoderes pennatus (Schedl, 1953) comb. nov.; Eidophelus concentralis (Schedl, 1975) comb. nov.; Eidophelus inermis (Browne, 1984) comb. nov.; Eidophelus insignis (Browne, 1984) comb. nov.; Eidophelus kinabaluensis (Bright, 1992) comb. nov.; Eidophelus philippinensis (Schedl, 1967) comb. nov.; Eidophelus podocarpi (Bright, 1992) comb. nov.; Ernoporus imitatrix (Schedl, 1977) comb. nov.; Ernoporus minor (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Ernoporus parvulus (Eggers, 1943) comb. nov.; Indocryphalus sericeus (Schedl, 1942) comb. nov.; Macrocryphalus elongatus (Schedl, 1965) comb. nov.; Macrocryphalus punctipennis (Schedl, 1965) comb. nov.; Microcosmoderes shoreae (Schedl, 1953) comb. nov.; Stegomerus parvatis (Wood, 1974) comb. nov.; Stephanopodius dubiosus (Schedl, 1970) comb. nov. Twenty-nine secondary homonyms were created following genus synonymy, and are designated replacement names: Afrocosmoderes schedli Johnson nom. nov. (=Euptilius madagascariensis Schedl, 1963 syn. nov.); Cryphalus amplicollis Johnson nom. nov. (=Cryphalus laticollis Browne, 1984 syn. nov.); Cryphalus eggersi Johnson nom. nov. (=Cryphalus confusus Eggers, 1927 syn. nov.); Cryphalus fuscus Johnson nom. nov. (=Cryphalus cylindrus Browne, 1984 syn. nov.); Cryphalus gracilis Johnson nom. nov. (=Cryphalus laevis Browne, 1984 syn. nov.); Cryphalus luteus Johnson nom. nov. (=Margadillius fulvus Browne, 1984 syn. nov.); Cryphalus minusculus Johnson nom. nov. (=Hypocryphalus minutus Browne, 1980 syn. nov.); Cryphalus ozopemoides Johnson nom. nov. (=Hypocryphalus montanusSchedl, 1974syn. nov.); Cryphalus pellicius Johnson nom. nov. (=Hypocryphalus pilifer Schedl, 1979 syn. nov.); Cryphalus punctistriatulus Johnson nom. nov. (=Cryphalus striatulusBrowne, 1981syn. nov.); Cryphalus schedli Johnson nom. nov. (=Hypocryphalus formosanus Schedl, 1952 syn. nov.); Cryphalus solomonensis Johnson nom. nov. (=Margadillius terminaliae Browne, 1984 syn. nov.); Cryphalus spissepilosus Johnson nom. nov. (=Cryphalus densepilosusSchedl, 1943syn. nov.); Cryphalus storckiellae Johnson nom. nov. (=Cryphalus striatusBrowne, 1974syn. nov.); Cryphalus takahashii Johnson nom. nov. (=Euptilius exiguus Browne, 1984 syn. nov.); Eidophelus alstoniae Johnson nom. nov. (=Chiloxylon sumatranus Schedl, 1970 syn. nov.); Eidophelus brighti Johnson nom. nov. (=Hemicryphalus minutusBright, 1992syn. nov.); Eidophelus brownei Johnson nom. nov. (=Euptilius papuanus Browne, 1983 syn. nov.); Eidophelus furvus Johnson nom. nov. (=Cryphalophilus ater Schedl, 1972 syn. nov.); Eidophelus levis Johnson nom. nov. (=Eidophelus gracilis Browne, 1984 syn. nov.); Eidophelus lucidus Johnson nom. nov. (=Lepicerinus pacificus Schedl, 1959 syn. nov.); Eidophelus minusculus Johnson nom. nov. (=Eidophelus minutissimus Schedl, 1962 syn. nov.); Eidophelus niger Johnson nom. nov. (=Ernoporicus aterNobuchi, 1975syn. nov.); Eidophelus parvulus Johnson nom. nov. (=Cryphalus parvus Browne, 1984 syn. nov.); Eidophelus rhododendri Johnson nom. nov. (=Hemicryphalus squamosusBright, 1992syn. nov.); Eidophelus schedli Johnson nom. nov. (=Cryphalomorphus ceylonicus Schedl, 1959 syn. nov.); Eidophelus yinae Johnson nom. nov. (=Scolytogenes venustusYin, 2001syn. nov.); Hypothenemus marginatus Johnson nom. nov. (=Periocryphalus sobrinus Wood, 1974 syn. nov.); Hypothenemus squamosulus Johnson nom. nov. (=Ptilopodius squamosus Schedl, 1953 syn. nov.). Two replacement names are now unnecessary: Cryphalus striatulus (Browne, 1978) stat. res. (=Hypothenemus browneiBeaver, 1991syn. nov.); Macrocryphalus oblongusNobuchi, 1981stat. res. (=Hypothenemus nobuchiiKnížek, 2011syn. nov.). We also acknowledge the original description of several species by Eichhoff, 1878a which have been widely referenced as a later description (Eichhoff, 1878b). The following taxonomic changes are provided to acknowledge the changes: Cryphalus horridusEichhoff, 1878a (=Cryphalus horridusEichhoff, 1878bsyn. nov); Cryphalus numidicusEichhoff, 1878a (=Cryphalus numidicusEichhoff, 1878bsyn. nov); Cryphalus submuricatusEichhoff, 1878a (=Cryphalus submuricatusEichhoff, 1878bsyn. nov); Eidophelus aspericollis (Eichhoff, 1878a) (=Eidophelus aspericollisEichhoff, 1878bsyn. nov); Hypothenemus arundinis (Eichhoff, 1878a) (=Hypothenemus arundinisEichhoff, 1878bsyn. nov); Hypothenemus birmanus (Eichhoff, 1878a) (=Hypothenemus birmanusEichhoff, 1878bsyn. nov); Hypothenemus fuscicollis (Eichhoff, 1878a) (=Hypothenemus fuscicollisEichhoff, 1878bsyn. nov); Hypothenemus rotundicollis (Eichhoff, 1878a) (=Hypothenemus rotundicollisEichhoff, 1878bsyn. nov). Subjective species-level changes are minimal. The following synonymies are proposed: Cryphalus papuanus (Schedl, 1973) (=Ernoporus antennariusSchedl, 1974syn. nov.); Eidophelus concentralis (Schedl, 1975) (=Margadillius concentralis Schedl, 1975 syn. nov.). A neotype for Periocryphalus sobrinus Wood, 1974 and its replacement name Hypothenemus marginatusnom. nov. is designated at USNM due to the holotype being lost and replaced with a different species.