Journal articles on the topic '1865-1936'

Stephen L. Wood re-defined Platypus such that its members are native to realms outside of the Americas and transferred most Neotropical species out of that genus. I have come across 44 species that still remain, though, and these are treated here. In total, I report 49 new generic assignments, 30 of which are transfers out of Platypus. I propose 22 new synonymies, eight of which are Platypus species that are synonymized with previously transferred species. Six Neotropical species are left in Platypus, for reasons detailed in the text. These taxonomic acts affect the compositions of eight of the 11 Neotropical genera of core Platypodinae. The following species are transferred from Platypus Herbst, 1793: Cenocephalus dubiosus (Schedl, 1933) comb. nov., Cenocephalus neotruncatus (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov.; Costaroplatus barbosai (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov., Costaroplatus devius (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov., Costaroplatus mixtus (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov., Costaroplatus roppai (Schedl, 1978) comb. nov.; Epiplatypus bicaudatulus (Schedl, 1935) comb. nov., Epiplatypus carduus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Epiplatypus complanus (Schedl, 1967) comb. nov., Epiplatypus grandiporus (Schedl, 1961) comb. nov., Epiplatypus insculptus (Schedl, 1967) comb. nov., Epiplatypus macroporus (Chapuis, 1865) comb. nov., Epiplatypus perforans (Schedl, 1961) comb. nov., Epiplatypus propinquus (Schedl, 1959) comb. nov., Epiplatypus quadrispinatus (Chapuis, 1865) comb. nov., Epiplatypus sallei (Chapuis, 1865) comb. nov., Epiplatypus sequius (Schedl, 1935) comb. nov.; Euplatypus detectus (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov., Euplatypus erraticus (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov., Euplatypus longulus (Chapuis, 1865) comb. nov., Euplatypus perplexus Bright, 1972 comb. nov., Euplatypus rugosifrons (Schedl, 1933) comb. nov., Euplatypus vexans (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov.; Megaplatypus asperatus (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov., Megaplatypus carinifer (Schedl, 1970), Megaplatypus durus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Megaplatypus eversus (Wood, 1971) comb. nov., Megaplatypus gagates (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov., Megaplatypus irrepertus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Megaplatypus lineaticornis (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., Megaplatypus paramonovi (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov., Megaplatypus schedli (Wood, 1966) comb. nov., Megaplatypus vafer (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov.; Teloplatypus caligatus (Schedl, 1972) comb. nov. Costaroplatus bidens (Schedl, 1970) comb. nov. and Costaroplatus darlingtoni (Reichardt, 1965) comb. nov. are transferred from Megaplatypus Wood, 1993. Costaroplatus vonfaberi (Reichardt, 1962) comb. nov. is transferred from Platyphysus Wood, 1993. Epiplatypus striatus (Chapuis, 1865) comb. nov., Megaplatypus contextus (Schedl, 1963) comb. nov., Megaplatypus decorus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov. and Megaplatypus dignatus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov. are removed from Euplatypus Wood, 1993. Epiplatypus ornatus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov. is transferred from Teloplatypus Wood, 1993. Euplatypus jamaicensis Bright, 1972 comb. nov., Megaplatypus discolor (Blandford, 1896) comb. nov., Teloplatypus brasiliensis (Nunberg, 1959) comb. nov., Teloplatypus nudus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov. and Teloplatypus pernudus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov. are transferred from Epiplatypus Wood, 1993. Costaroplatus ornatus (Schedl, 1936) comb. nov., is transferred from Cenocephalus Chapuis, 1865. Megaplatypus acutidens (Blandford, 1895) comb. nov. and Megaplatypus despectus (Schedl, 1971) comb. nov. are transferred from Tesserocerus Saunders, 1837. New synonymies are proposed as follows: Cenocephalus rugicollis Schedl, 1952 (= Cenocephalus epistomalis Wood, 1966 syn. nov.); Tesserocerus forcipatus Schedl, 1972 (= Platypus aplanatus Schedl, 1976 syn. nov.); Tesserocerus retusus Guérin-Méneville, 1838 (= Tesserocerus guerini ssp. montanus Schedl, 1960 syn. nov.); Tesserocerus simulatus Schedl, 1936 (= Platypus bilobus Schedl, 1961 syn. nov.); Tesserocerus spinax Blandford, 1896 (= Tesserocephalus forficula Schedl, 1936 syn. nov.); Costaroplatus carinulatus (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus umbrosus Schedl, 1936 syn. nov.); Costaroplatus shenefelti Nunberg (1963) (= Platypus abditulus Wood, 1966 syn. nov.); Costaroplatus vonfaberi (Reichardt, 1962) (= Platypus convexus Schedl, 1972 syn. nov.); Epiplatypus sallei (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus quadricaudatulus Schedl, 1934 syn. nov. and = Platypus filaris Wood, 1971 syn. nov.); Euplatypus longulus (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus dimidiatus Chapuis, 1865 syn. nov. = Platypus mulsanti Chapuis, 1865 syn. nov. and = Platypus pseudolongulus Schedl, 1963 syn. nov. ); Megaplatypus acutidens (Blandford, 1895) (= Tesserocerus alternantes Schedl, 1977 syn. nov.); Megaplatypus durus (Schedl, 1936) (= Platypus arcuatus Schedl, 1976 syn. nov.); Megaplatypus fuscus (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus marginatus Chapuis, 1865 syn. nov., = Platypus granarius Schedl, 1952 syn. nov., and = Platypus obsitus Schedl, 1976 syn. nov.); Megaplatypus irrepertus (Schedl, 1936) (= Platypus sulcipennis Schedl, 1976 syn. nov.); Neotrachyostus abbreviatus (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus concavus Chapuis, 1865 syn. nov.); Teloplatypus enixus (Schedl, 1936) (= Platypus interponens Schedl, 1978 syn. nov.); Teloplatypus ratzeburgi (Chapuis, 1865) (= Platypus pallidipennis Blandford, 1896 syn. nov.). Platypus simpliciformis Wood, 1966 had been transferred by Wood (1993) to both Megaplatypus and Euplatypus by mistake; I propose keeping it in Megaplatypus. Six Neotropical species are left in the genus Platypus with the status incertae sedis: Platypus armatus Chapuis, 1865; Platypus dorsalis Schedl, 1972; Playpus quadrilobus Blandford, 1895; Platypus squamifer Schedl, 1963; Platypus subaequalispinosus Schedl, 1936; and Platypus trispinosus Chapuis, 1965. These taxonomic changes prepare the foundations for future revisionary work on the American Platypodinae.

The South Asian millipede genus Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897 is diagnosed and its relationship with Parchondromorpha Jeekel, 1980 is established. The species C. atopus (Chamberlin, 1920) and C. indus (Chamberlin, 1920), as well as the subspecies C. kelaarti kelaarti (Humbert, 1865), C. kelaarti longipes (Verhoeff, 1936) and C. kelaarti valparaiensis (Carl, 1932) are recognised as junior synonyms of C. kelaarti (Humbert, 1865), thereby reducing the total number of Chondromorpha spp. in India to four: C. kaimura Turk, 1947, C. kelaarti, C. mammifera Attems, 1936 and C. severini Silvestri, 1897 (the type-species). Two species, C. kelaarti and C. mammifera, are redescribed and illustrated in detail. All four Indian Chondromorpha spp. are keyed, and the known distribution records of C. kelaarti and C. mammifera are mapped.

Abstract The Slender-billed Curlew (Numenius tenuirostris) erases of Czech Rarities Committee for Ornithology to December 15, 2011 from Czech bird’s checklist. The first discovery of Othmar Reiser (1861-1936) is located in Cheb in Bohemia, in Czech Republic (50°04′47″N/12°22′26″E; grid square 5940); not in Hungary. Jiří Janda's (1865-1938) locality “from Bohemia”, without precise locality (the evaluation of localities in entomology). Present is reply to emphasize absolutelly scientific competence of Czech zoologist Jiří Janda, personality in Czech and European ornithology. The presented text analyses the transfer of the literature until 1945.

Application of planktonic foraminifera to micropaleontological, paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic research has enjoyed more than 150 years of activity. During the first century, foraminifera were used primarily for biostratigraphic analysis. Although fossil shells were recognized from beach sands and deep sea sediments as early as 1826 (d'Orbigny, 1826; Parker and Jones, 1865), it wasn't until Owen (1867) and the scientific results of the Challenger expedition (Brady, 1884) that the planktonic life habitat of these marine protozoans was clearly established. By the early 20th century, researchers were studying the biology of planktonic foraminifera at the cellular level (Rhumbler, 1901; Le Calvez, 1936), and linking their distributional patterns to regions of the ocean surface (Lohmann, 1920; Schott, 1935).

Ion Marinescu V�lsan (1865 - 1936) was a Romanian painter belonging to the modern Romanian art from the beginning of the 20th century. Many of the paintings painted by him have picturesque landscapes in his native town, Malureni, Arges County. He was influencedby Nicolae Grigorescu. Village from Muscel painting, by Ion Marinescu V�lsan, was examined by several non-invasive techniques (Vis, UV &grazing light examination, IR reflectography, optical microscopy and X-rays fluorescence spectrometry) to obtain information on its chromatic palette and state of conservation. Zinc white, Lead white, Prussian blue, Cinnabar, Chrome yellow, Yellow ochre, Red ochre, Viridian and Burnt umber were used as the pigments, while the preparation layer is from Chalk, Zinc white, Lead white, identified by XRF analysis.

Two new species of Marphysa Quatrefages, 1865 (Polychaeta: Eunicida: Eunicidae), M. bulla n. sp. and M. maxidenticulata n. sp., are described from the northern coast of China with comments on the usefulness of pectinate chaetae to separate species. A redescription of Marphysa orientalis Treadwell, 1936 originally described from China is given. The genus Marphysa is widely collected for bait for recreational fishermen and anglers in China and is also exported to Australia and Japan, yet the number of species involved or their native distribution are currently unknown. It is critical that aquaculture programs know which species they are attempting to breed and their native distributional ranges. A key to all described species of Marphysa from China, including two new species described in this paper is given.

Hans Steffen, un destacado geógrafo prusiano (1865-1936) fue contratado por el Gobierno de Chile en 1889 como profesor de geografía para trabajar en el por entonces recientemente formado Instituto Pedagógico. A finales del siglo XIX, cuando Steffen ya había consolidado su posición profesional en Santiago, Chile y Argentina decidieron someter el litigio limítrofe sobre los Andes a un arbitraje internacional. En ese contexto, Steffen se involucró activamente en la preparación del documento que el gobierno chileno llevaría al diferendum. Esta presentación analiza las ideas, las teorías y las prácticas geográficas desarrolladas por Steffen para la conceptualización y la demarcación de la frontera entre Argentina y Chile a partir de los textos que produjo (diarios, libros didácticos, declaraciones diplomáticas, conferencias publicadas), las imágenes (mapas, fotos, bocetos, esquemas y notas de campo).

The beetle superfamily Curculionoidea includes 43 species associated with Araucaria angustifolia trees in South Brazil. These weevil species belong to the families Nemonychidae (Brarus Kuschel, 1997, Rhynchitoplesius Voss, 1952), Brentidae (Taphroderes Schönherr, 1826) and Curculionidae, the latter including the subfamilies Curculioninae (Heilipodus Kuschel, 1955, Spermologus Schönherr, 1843), Cossoninae (Araucarius Kuschel, 1966, Eurycorynophorus Voss, 1964), Scolytinae (Ambrosiodmus Hopkins, 1915, Araptus Eichhoff, 1871, Cnesinus LeConte, 1868, Corthylus Erichson, 1836, Cryptocarenus Eggers, 1936, Hypothenemus Westwood, 1834, Monarthrum Kirsch, 1866, Pagiocerus Eichhoff, 1868, Phloeotribus Latreille, 1896, Pityophthorus Eichhoff, 1864, Xylechinosomus Schedl, 1963, Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864, Xyleborinus Reitter, 1913) and Platypodinae (Cenocephalus Chapuis, 1865, Platypus Herbst, 1893, Tesserocerus Saunders, 1836). A checklist of all species including remarks on their life histories and taxonomic notes are presented. In addition, a key for the identification of adult Curculionoidea associated with Araucaria angustifolia to genus or species level is provided.

Uma das tendências contemporâneas da literatura para a infância consiste no boom de edições nascidas da transformação de narrativas clássicas universais, quer pertencentes ao acervo tradicional oral, quer de autor, muitas até originalmente publicadas, não tendo como destinatário extratextual, o leitor infanto-juvenil. Predominam objectos adaptados, com uma nova roupagem e cuja configuração verbal, visual e gráfica, denunciando uma intencional interactividade, sensorialidade e ludicidade, faz prever um receptor coincidente com a criança que ainda não lê ou que dá os primeiros passos na leitura. A História da recepção da obra O Livro da Selva (1894), de Rudyard Kipling (Bombaim, Índia 1865-Londres, Reino Unido, 1936) e, muito particularmente, os cinco volumes que compõem o corpus textual deste estudo, adaptações para pré-leitores do clássico em pauta, atestam a linha criativa enunciada, revestindo-se de particular relevância na primeira infância.

This article examines the career of pioneer British psychoanalyst David Eder (1865–1936). Credited by Freud as the first practising psychoanalyst in England, active in early British socialism and then a significant figure in Zionism in post-war Palestine, and in between an adventurer in South America, a pioneer in the field of school medicine, and a writer on shell-shock, Eder is a strangely neglected figure in existing historiography. The connections between his interest in medicine, psychoanalysis, socialism and Zionism are also explored. In doing so, this article contributes to our developing understanding of the psychoanalytic culture of early twentieth-century Britain, pointing to its shifting relationship to broader ideology and the practical social and political challenges of the period. The article also reflects on the challenges for both Eder’s contemporaries and his biographers in making sense of such a life.

Kolekcja sztuki chińskiej, stanowiąca obecnie część zbiorów Działu Sztuki Dalekiego Wschodu Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie, była tworzona od pierwszej dekady XX wieku. Znaczące zasługi w jej powstaniu miał Julian Nowak (1865–1946). W latach 1906–1941 zgromadził znakomitą kolekcję ceramiki chińskiej, ukazującą rozwój tej dziedziny od czasów epoki Han (206 p.n.e.–220 n.e.) do okresu panowania dynastii Qing (1644–1911). Działalność Nowaka wpisała się w drugą międzynarodową falę zainteresowania sztuką Dalekiego Wschodu, która nastąpiła po upadku cesarstwa w 1911 roku i napływie dzieł sztuki z Państwa Środka do Europy i Stanów Zjednoczonych. W tym czasie powstawały nowe muzea azjatyckie, organizowano międzynarodowe wystawy sztuki Chin w Amsterdamie (1925), Berlinie (1929) i Londynie (1935–1936). Julian Nowak był świadkiem i uczestnikiem tamtych wydarzeń, a dzięki specjalistycznej wiedzy i międzynarodowym kontaktom zgromadził zbiory, które porównywał z najważniejszymi kolekcjami w Paryżu i Londynie. Autorka opisuje ich genezę, a także porusza zagadnienia proweniencji poszczególnych zabytków i mechanizmów translokacji, jakim podlegały.

Forty species of the genus Oides Weber, 1801 are considered as valid in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions. Six new species are described: O. bezdeki sp. nov., O. hsui sp. nov., O. takizawai sp. nov., and O. wangi sp. nov. from Sulawesi (Indonesia); O. boreri sp. nov. from Laos; and O. geiseri sp. nov. from India, Nepal, and Myanmar. The following synonymies are proposed: O. maculicollis Jacoby, 1886 as a junior synonym of O. apicalis Jacoby, 1883; O. niasensis Bowditch, 1925 as a junior synonym of O. duodecimpunctata (Clark, 1865); A. sumatrensis Blanchard, 1853, A. philippinensis Boheman, 1859, O. flavipes Duvivier, 1884, O. abdominalis Duvivier, 1884, O. subtilissima Duvivier, 1884, O. flavida Duvivier, 1884, O. elliptica Duvivier, 1884, O. marcida Duvivier, 1884, O. rhabodscelis Weise, 1922, O. bakeri Laboissière, 1925, and O. ovalis Laboissière, 1925 as junior synonyms of O. flava (Olivier, 1807); O. bengalensis Maulik, 1936 as a junior synonym of O. innocua Gahan, 1891; O. violaceipennis Duvivier, 1884 as a junior synonym of O. metallica Jacoby, 1884; O. indosinensis Laboissière, 1927 as a junior synonym of O. palleata (Fabricius, 1801); O. sternalis Weise, 1913 as a junior synonym of O. quadriguttata Duvivier, 1884; O. gyironga Chen & Jaing, 1981 as a junior synonym of O. scutellata (Hope, 1830); O. indica Baly, 1879 and O. chinensis Weise, 1922 as junior synonyms of O. tarsata (Baly, 1865); O. tibialis Duvivier, 1884 as a junior synonym of O. vixilla Duvivier, 1884. Oides epipleuralis Laboissière is removed from synonymy with O. laticlava (Fairmaire, 1889); O. laticlava (Fairmaire, 1889) removed from synonymy with O. maculata (Olivier, 1807); O. thibettana Jacoby, 1900 and O. tibiella Wilcox, 1971 removed from synonymies with O. tarsata (Baly, 1865). Neotypes are designated for Adorium maculatum Olivier, 1807; A. subhemisphaericum Guérin-Méneville, 1830; A. diardi Guérin-Méneville, 1830; O. chinensis Weise, 1922; and O. leucomelaena Weise, 1922. Host plant information is provided when known.

This paper deals with three nomenclatural and taxonomic problems affecting two species groups of the colubrid snake genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826: (i) A neotype is formally designated for Coronella cyclura Cantor, 1839, associating this specific nomen with populations from India, Bangladesh and Myanmar with 19 scale rows at midbody; (ii) Oligodon kheriensis Acharji & Ray, 1936 is shown to be a valid species of the Oligodon cyclurus group occurring in northern India and Nepal; (iii) The type-locality of Simotes multifasciatus Jan & Sordelli, 1865 is shown to be Sultanpur, India. This taxon is considered a synonym of Oligodon cinereus (Günther, 1864). The range of this species in India is extended. The status of specimens of Oligodon cinereus from India and Myanmar is briefly discussed. Specimens from Thailand identified as Oligodon cinereus multifasciatus and Oligodon cinereus swinhonis (Günther, 1864) are referred to Oligodon joynsoni (Smith, 1917). India is home to at least 21 species of the genus Oligodon, an updated list of which is provided.

Based on archival material and the available bibliography, this article traces the complex history of the area surrounding the tomb of Dante Alighieri and the Basilica of San Francesco in Ravenna. It focuses on the period running from the commemorations of the sixth centenary of Dante’s birth in 1865 to the inauguration of the Zona del silenzio in 1936. The end of the 19th century was marked by the failure of important monumental projects. The sixth centenary of Dante’s death in 1921 was the first important phase of transformation, seeking to recreate the appearance of a medieval past. Subsequently, during the Fascist period, several projects, notably those by Giulio Ulisse Arata and Gustavo Giovannoni, attempted to extend the intervention to the urban scale, which, through aborted projects and partial realisations, led to the creation of the Zona del Silenzio. Through the interplay of local and national actors and the key role of Corrado Ricci, the article analyses the difficulties of developing an area that symbolically embodies Italy’s tribute to the national poet.

A list of available taxonomic names in Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae in familyand genus-groups is given, together with some remarks on unavailable nominal taxa. Comments are provided on their status and nomenclature, and additions and corrections to extant catalogues given, as a first step for their inclusion in the electronic catalogue ‘WTaxa’. Available names, not recognised as such in current published catalogues, are: Mecopelminae Thompson, 1992; Trypodendrina Nunberg, 1954; Archaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Camptocerus Dejean, 1821; Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Coptogaster Illiger, 1804; Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Cryptoxyleborus Wood & Bright, 1992; Cylindra Illiger, 1802; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1963; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1938; Doliopygus Browne, 1962; Doliopygus Schedl, 1972; Erioschidias Wood, 1960; Ernopocerus Wood, 1954; Idophelus Rye, 1877; Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Lepidocerus Rye, 1880; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963; Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1963; Pinetoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Pygmaeoscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Spinuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1963; Stylotentus Schedl, 1963; Thamnophthorus Blackman, 1942; Trachyostus Browne, 1962; Treptoplatypus Schedl, 1972; Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Trypodendrum Agassiz, 1846; Tubuloscolytus Butovitsch, 1929; Xelyborus Schedl, 1939. Unavailable names, not recognised as such in the current published catalogues, are: Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966; Eidophelinae Murayama, 1954; Mecopelmini Wood, 1966; Strombophorini Schedl, 1960; Tomicidae Shuckard, 1840; Trypodendrinae Trédl, 1907; Acryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Adryocoetes Schedl, 1952; Asetus Nunberg, 1958; Carphoborites Schedl, 1947; Charphoborites Schedl, 1947; Cryptoxyleborus Schedl, 1937; Cylindrotomicus Eggers, 1936; Damicerus Dejean, 1835; Damicerus Dejean, 1836; Dendrochilus Schedl, 1957; Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1937; Doliopygus Schedl, 1939; Erioschidias Schedl, 1938; Ernopocerus Balachowsky, 1949; Gnathotrichoides Blackman, 1931; Ipites Karpiński, 1962; Isophthorus Schedl, 1938; Jugocryphalus Tsai & Li, 1963; Landolphianus Schedl, 1950; Mesopygus Nunberg, 1966; Micraciops Schedl, 1953; Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939; Mixopygus Nunberg, 1966; Neohyorrhynchus Schedl, 1962; Neophloeotribus Eggers, 1943; Neopityophthorus Schedl, 1938; Neoxyleborus Wood, 1982; Phloeoditica Schedl, 1962; Platypinus Schedl, 1939; Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957; Platyscapus Schedl, 1939; Pygodolius Nunberg, 1966; Scutopygus Nunberg, 1966; Stephanopodius Schedl, 1941; Stylotentus Schedl, 1939; Taphrostenoxis Schedl, 1965; Tesseroplatypus Schedl, 1935; Thamnophthorus Schedl, 1938; Thylurcos Schedl, 1939; Trachyostus Schedl, 1939; Treptoplatus Schedl, 1939. The name Tesseroceri Blandford, 1896, incorrectly given as “Tesserocerini genuini” in current catalogues, is unavailable as basionym for the family-group name, since it was proposed as a genusgroup name. Resurrected names from synonymy are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 from synonymy under Ctenophorini Chapuis, 1869 (invalid name because its type genus is a homonym) and given precedence over Problechilidae Eichhoff, 1878 under Art. 24.2; Hylurgini Gistel, 1848 from virtual synonymy under Tomicini C.G. Thomson, 1859 (unavailable name); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 from synonymy under Miocryphalus Schedl, 1939 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Costaroplatus Nunberg, 1963 from synonymy under Platyscapulus Schedl, 1957 (an unavailable name) to valid genus; Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 from synonymy under Ips DeGeer, 1775 to valid subgenus of the same; Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 from synonymy under Rhopalopselion Hagedorn, 1909 to valid genus; Pseudips Cognato, 2000, from synonymy under Orthotomicus Ferrari, 1867 to valid genus. New synonyms are: Hexacolini Eichhoff, 1878 (= Erineophilides Hopkins, 1920, syn. nov.); Hypoborini Nuesslin, 1911 (= Chaetophloeini Schedl, 1966, unavailable name, syn. nov.); Scolytini Latreille, 1804 (= Minulini Reitter, 1913, syn. nov.); Afromicracis Schedl, 1959 (= Miocryphalus Schedl, 1963, syn. nov.); Aphanarthrum Wollaston, 1854 (= Coleobothrus Enderlein, 1929, syn. nov.); Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Cumatotomicus Ferrari, 1867 (=Emarips Cognato, 2001, syn. nov.); Doliopygus Browne, 1962 (=Doliopygus Schedl, 1972, syn. nov.); Eidophelus Eichhoff, 1875 (= Idophelus Rye, 1877, syn. nov.); Hapalogenius Hagedorn, 1912 (= Hylesinopsis Eggers, 1920, syn. nov.); Phloeoborus Erichson, 1836 (= Phloeotrypes Agassiz, 1846, syn. nov.); Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Pycnarthrum Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepicerus Eichhoff, 1878 (December) = Lepidocerus Rye, 1880, synn. nov.); Trypodendron Stephens, 1830 (=Xylotrophus Gistel, 1848 = Trypodendrum Gistel, 1856, synn. nov.); Xylechinus Chapuis, 1869 (= Chilodendron Schedl, 1953, syn. nov.); Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Cosmoderes monilicollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Hylastes pumilus Mannerheim, 1843 (= Dolurgus pumilus Eichhoff, 1868, syn. nov.); Hypoborus hispidus Ferrari, 1867 (= Pycnarthrum gracile Eichhoff, 1878 (April) syn. nov.); Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus agnatus Schedl, 1942, syn. nov.); Miocryphalus congonus Schedl, 1939 (= Miocryphalus congonus Eggers, 1940, syn. nov.); Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (April) = Lepicerus aspericollis Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (June) (= Spathicranuloides moikui Schedl, 1972 (December), syn. nov.); Triarmocerus cryphalo-ides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.); Scolytogenes darvini Eichhoff, 1878 (April) (= Scolytogenes darwinii Eichhoff, 1878 (December), syn. nov.). New type species designations are: Bostrichus dactyliperda Fabricius, 1801 for Coccotrypes Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Triarmocerus cryphaloides Eichhoff, 1878 (April) for Triarmocerus Eichhoff, 1878 (April); Ozopemon regius Hagedorn, 1908 for Ozopemon Hagedorn, 1910 (non 1908); Dermestes typographus Linnaeus, 1758 for Bostrichus Fabricius, 1775 (non Geoffroy, 1762). New combinations are: Afromicracis agnata (Schedl, 1939), A. attenuata (Eggers, 1935), A. ciliatipennis (Schedl, 1979), A. congona (Schedl, 1939), A. dubia (Schedl, 1950), A. elongata (Schedl, 1965), A. grobleri (Schedl, 1961), A. klainedoxae (Schedl, 1957), A. longa (Nunberg, 1964), A. natalensis (Eggers, 1936), A. nigrina (Schedl, 1957), A. nitida (Schedl, 1965), A. pennata (Schedl, 1953) and A. punctipennis (Schedl, 1965) all from Miocryphalus; Costaroplatus abditulus (Wood, 1966), C. abditus (Schedl, 1936), C. carinulatus (Chapuis, 1865), C. clunalis (Wood, 1966), C. cluniculus (Wood, 1966), C. clunis (Wood, 1966), C. costellatus (Schedl, 1933), C. frontalis (Blandford, 1896), C. imitatrix (Schedl, 1972), C. manus (Schedl, 1936), C. occipitis (Wood, 1966), C. pulchellus (Chapuis, 1865), C. pulcher (Chapuis, 1865), C. pusillimus (Chapuis, 1865), C. subabditus (Schedl, 1935), C. turgifrons (Schedl, 1935) and C. umbrosus (Schedl, 1936) all from Platyscapulus; Hapalogenius africanus (Eggers, 1933), H. alluaudi (Lepesme, 1942), H. angolanus (Wood, 1988), H. angolensis (Schedl, 1959), H. arabiae (Schedl, 1975), H. atakorae (Schedl, 1951), H. ater (Nunberg, 1967), H. baphiae (Schedl, 1954), H. brincki (Schedl, 1957), H. confusus (Eggers, 1935), H. decellei (Nunberg, 1969), H. dimorphus (Schedl, 1937), H. dubius (Eggers, 1920), H. emarginatus (Nunberg, 1973), H. endroedyi (Schedl, 1967), H. fasciatus (Hagedorn, 1909), H. ficus (Schedl, 1954), H. fuscipennis (Chapuis, 1869), H. granulatus (Lepesme, 1942), H. hirsutus (Schedl, 1957), H. hispidus (Eggers, 1924), H. horridus (Eggers, 1924), H. joveri (Schedl, 1950), H. kenyae (Wood, 1986), H. oblongus (Eggers, 1935), H. orientalis (Eggers, 1943), H. pauliani (Lepesme, 1942), H. punctatus (Eggers, 1932), H. quadrituberculatus (Schedl, 1957), H. rhodesianus (Eggers, 1933), H. saudiarabiae (Schedl, 1971), H. seriatus (Eggers, 1940), H. squamosus (Eggers, 1936), H. striatus (Schedl, 1957), H. sulcatus Eggers, 1944), H. togonus (Eggers, 1919), H. ugandae (Wood, 1986) and H. variegatus (Eggers, 1936), all from Hylesinopsis. New ranks are: Diapodina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini; Tesserocerina Strohmeyer, 1914, downgraded from tribe of Tesserocerinae to subtribe of Tesserocerini. New placements are: Coptonotini Chapuis, 1869 from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Scolytinae; Mecopelmini Thompson, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Schedlariini Wood & Bright, 1992, from tribe of Coptonotinae to tribe of Platypodinae; Spathicranuloides Schedl, 1972, from Platypodinae s.l. to Tesserocerina; Toxophthorus Wood, 1962 from Scolytinae incertae sedis to Dryocoetini. Confirmed placements are: Onychiini Chapuis, 1869 to tribe of Cossoninae (including single genus Onychius Chapuis, 1869); Sciatrophus Sampson, 1914 in Cossoninae incertae sedis; Cryphalites Cockerell, 1917 in Zopheridae Colydiinae. Corrected spellings are: Micracidini LeConte, 1876 for Micracini; Phrixosomatini Wood, 1978 for Phrixosomini. Gender agreements are corrected for species of several genera.

Six new species of Baiocis Browne, 1962 are described: Baiocis crassiventris Beaver & Liu, B. laosi Beaver & Liu, B. orientalis Beaver & Liu, B. spicatus Beaver & Liu, B. spiniventris Beaver & Liu, B. sumatranus Beaver & Liu, all from the Oriental region. Of the twenty species listed by Wood and Bright (1992) in the genus Baiocis, the following species belong in Crossotarsus Chapuis, 1865: imitatrix Schedl, 1973, kuntzeni (Schedl, 1937) (comb. n.); the following in Platypus Herbst, 1793: angusticeps Schedl, 1942, perangustus Schedl, 1942, seminitens Schedl, 1971, variolosus Schedl, 1942; the following in Treptoplatypus Wood, 1993: pasohensis (Schedl, 1939). The following new synonymy is proposed: Baiocis pernanulus (Schedl, 1935) (=Platypus annularis Schedl, 1975 syn. n.; =Baiocis solomonicus Browne, 1986 syn. n.); Platypus perangustus Schedl, 1942 (= Platypus sindorae Browne, 1980 syn. n.); Platypus transformis Schedl, 1936 (=Platypus angusticeps Schedl, 1942 syn. n.). Lectotypes are designated for Baiocis incisus (Sampson, 1927), and B. sublunaris (Schedl, 1937), and both sexes of the former species are redescribed. A key is given to the males of fifteen species of Baiocis. Two further species are known only from the female.

Reflecting on the tension of which he was aware between the imperial West and the still-mysterious East, Victorian writer Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) penned the above phrase to express the incommensurable situation wherein the Westerner never understands the Asian, as the latter’s culture differs too greatly from his own. However, aware that East and West nevertheless cannot remain separated forever, the author ends the poem with an eventual encounter between the two.Over 100 years have passed since this poem was written, yet the ambivalent encounter between East and West that it depicts still exists and is currently playing out within the field of pharmaceuticals. On one side of the divide are the many people in the industry who want to standardize global acceptance of drugs; on the other are the local authorities who want to maintain the overruling legal need not to compromise on health care at a national level. In this sense, the divergence and unity that Kipling captures is what this paper aims to discuss as it addresses how race is debated at the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH).

Since the publication of Rudyard Kipling's (1865–1936) Kim (1901), most critics have agreed that the novel falls into the genre of colonial fiction. But they are divided into two groups – defenders and detractors – regarding Kipling's treatment of religions in the novel. The defenders celebrate his accomplishment and sympathy in depicting the devotion and attraction of the Victorian Era towards Buddhism. On the other hand, the detractors blame Kipling for fictionalising the confrontation between pragmatic Western rationality and Eastern mystical irrationality. Against this backdrop, this article revisits the novel with a postcolonial lens to study Kipling's dealings with religions in South-Asia in the latter half of the nineteenth century. It discovers that Kipling employs strategies of surveillance and knowledge of history and ethnography while handling religions in the novel. Such fictional employment of strategy and knowledge in characterising the South-Asian religions seems to have been colonially favourable in the contemporary socio-political context. Accordingly, this article argues that Kipling manipulates religions in his narrative for the sake of imperialism through surveillance of religions, consciousness of history, and ethnographic discourse that reflect his imperialist position.

South Asian modernity critiques colonial representation through recreation and rewriting and develops a new way of dealing with the colonial discourses of the past. The colonial rulers employed violence to establish their domination upon narratives to rule the people of India. After its Independence in 1947, historians, literary critics, and academicians began to approach the colonial past from the domains of their expertise to explore the wrongs committed therein. Such intellectuals sift through the established discourses of the empires to examine the methodological validity of their claims by turning the lens upon Eurocentrism itself. This study critically surveys studies by Dipesh Chakrabarty, Gyan Prakash, Gayatri Chakraborty Spivak, and Partha Chatterjee to examine the issues they have raised about India and its colonial past. Deriving the critical insights from the studies, I interpret two texts by English novelist, short story writer and poet Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936)—the short story “The Other Man” (1886) and the poem “Gunga Din” (1890). These texts depict the colonized subject at the service of the colonial master. By analyzing two cases from Kipling, this study concludes that South Asian modernity faces the unique challenge of revisiting representation in the context of its colonial past.

The world Rhinophoridae are catalogued, recognising 33 genera and 177 species. Nomenclatural information is provided for all genus-group and species-group names, including lists of synonyms and name-bearing type data. Species distributions are recorded by country. A key to the world genera is presented. Four new genera are erected to accommodate five new species, which do not fit within any of the current generic concepts in Rhinophoridae, according to the results of a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis: Marshallicona Cerretti & Pape with type species Marshallicona quitu Cerretti & Pape, gen. et sp. nov. (Ecuador); Maurhinophora Cerretti & Pape with type species Maurhinophora indoceanica Cerretti & Pape, gen. et sp. nov. (Mauritius); Neotarsina Cerretti & Pape with type species Neotarsina caraibica Cerretti & Pape, gen. et sp. nov. (Trinidad and Tobago) and Neotarsina andina Cerretti & Pape, sp. nov. (Peru); Kinabalumyia Cerretti & Pape with type species Kinabalumyia pinax Cerretti & Pape, gen. et sp. nov. (Malaysia, Sabah). The genus Aporeomyia Pape & Shima (type species Aporeomyia antennalis Pape & Shima), originally assigned to Tachinidae, is here reassigned to Rhinophoridae based on a reassessment of the homologies of the male terminalia. The following five species-group names, which were previously treated as junior synonyms or nomina dubia, are recognised as valid species names: Acompomintho caucasica (Villeneuve, 1908), stat. rev. [from nomen dubium to valid species]; Acompomintho sinensis (Villeneuve, 1936), stat. rev. [from nomen dubium to valid species]; Stevenia bertei (Rondani, 1865), stat. rev. [from nomen dubium to valid species]; Stevenia sardoa Villeneuve, 1920, stat. rev. [from junior synonym of Rhinophora deceptoria Loew, 1847 to valid species]; Stevenia subalbida (Villeneuve, 1911), stat. rev. [from junior synonym of Rhinophora deceptoria Loew, 1847 to valid species]. Reversal of precedence is invoked for the following case of subjective synonymy to promote stability in nomenclature: Rhinophora lepida (Meigen, 1824), nomen protectum, and Musca parcus Harris, 1780: 144, nomen oblitum. New generic and specific synonymies are proposed for the following two names: Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935, junior synonym of Tromodesia Rondani, 1856, syn. nov. and Ptilocheta tacchetti Rondani, 1865, junior synonym of Stevenia obscuripennis (Loew, 1847), syn. nov. The following new combinations are proposed: Acompomintho sinensis (Villeneuve, 1936), comb. nov. [transferred from Tricogena Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830]; Tromodesia guzari (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia intermedia (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia lindneriana (Rohdendorf, 1961), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia magnifica (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia obscurior (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia pallidissima (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935]; Tromodesia setiventris (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935] and Tromodesia shachrudi (Rohdendorf, 1935), comb. nov. [transferred from Mimodexia Rohdendorf, 1935].

The oeuvre of beloved Polish painter Ferdynand Ruszczyc (1870–1936) reflected the patriotic Neo-Romantic landscape trend of the fin-de-siècle prevalent in Germany and the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden). It should be considered in the context of Nordic visual culture for two reasons: (1) until the affiliation of Central and Eastern European nations with the Soviet Union in the wake of World War Two, nations bordering the Baltic formed a single, fluid territory of cultural exchange, and (2) Ruszczyc’s oeuvre displays significant commonalities with dominant patriotic and Neo-Romantic trends of progressive artists around the Baltic Sea, where landscape became a vehicle for expressing dreams and emotions, as well as love of homeland. This article situates Ruszczyc’s national and artistic identity at the crossroads of cultures and artistic impulses, regional as well as international. Ruszczyc was born in Bohdanów near Vilnius (now Belarus) to a Polish father and a Danish mother. Like many Polish artists from the Russian partition, he was educated at the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg, where he studied with Ivan Shishkin (1832–1898) and Arkhip Kuindzhi (1878–1910). He also travelled to Sweden. Ruszczyc was influenced by the Russian art circle Mir Iskusstva (World of Art, est. 1898) and is often compared with Nordic (e.g., Akseli Gallen-Kallela; Finnish, 1865–1931) and German (e.g., Otto Modersohn; 1865–1943) artists. His visions of nature are sometimes raw monumental images of the northern landscape or fairy-tale fantasies containing symbolic allusiveness and a mythical, poetic element that evoke intimate memories of the land of his childhood. In his paintings, Ruszczyc presented the changeability of seasons, orchards, soil and streams, clouds formations, and tree trunks with palpable emotion. By exposing the material substance of nature, his paintings also reveal its mystical aspect, its ability to transform in accordance with the cyclical, cosmic rhythm of growth, maturation, death, and rebirth.

A total of 150 species belonging to five infraorders (Caridea, Stenopodidea, Thalassinidea, Anomura and Brachyura) are recorded from the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf. About 17% (26 species) are new records for the area. The infraorder Brachyura shows the highest species richness with 83 species. The Anomura and Caridea, with 29 and 27 species, respectively, follow. The Thalassinidea is represented by 10 species, whereas Stenopodidea only by one. The species with the highest occurence are ranked as follows: Nanosesarma sarii Naderloo & Türkay, 2009 (Brachyura), Alpheus lobidens De Haan, 1850 (Caridea), Metopograpsus messor (Forskål, 1775) (Brachyura), Coenobita scaevola (Forskål, 1775) (Anomura), Diogenes avarus Heller, 1865 (Anomura), Pilumnopeus convexus Maccagno, 1936 (Brachyura) and Portunus segnis (Forskål, 1775) (Brachyura). Among the surveyed habitats, mixed rocky/cobble show the highest diversity with 99 (66%) recorded species, followed by sedimentary muddy-sandy substrates and mangroves with 40 (26%) and 24 species (16%), respectively. The least diverse habitat is sandy beaches with 6 species. The decapod fauna shows a predominance of wide ranging Indo-West Pacific species (43%) and a small degree of endemism (5%). A considerable number of species is restricted to the northwestern Indian Ocean (27%), supporting the presence of a zoogeographical subregion within the western Indian Ocean Province.

A review of the stick and leaf insects of Sulawesi, Peleng Island and the Sula islands is presented, along with complete checklists of species. The genera Hemiplasta Redtenbacher, 1908 and Nesiophasma Günther, 1934 are reviewed in detail and distinguishing keys to all known species are provided. Distinguishing keys are also provided to the Sulawesian species of Dimorphodes Westwood, 1859 and Nescicroa Karny, 1923. The latter genus is removed from synonymy with Paranecroscia Redtenbacher, 1908 and re-established as a valid genus (rev. stat.), with a new diagnosis and a preliminary list of species provided. As a result, 17 species are here transferred back to Nescicroa (rev. comb.). The genus Cylindomena Günther, 1935 is removed from synonymy with Parasipyloidea Redtenbacher, 1908 and re-established as a valid genus (rev. stat.). Consequently, the two species originally attributed to Cylindomena are re-transferred to the genus (rev. comb.). A new diagnosis along with a list of species is also given for the genus Myronides Stål, 1875, which is shown to be geographically restricted to Wallacea. Three new genera in Lonchodidae: Lonchodinae are described from Sulawesi. Gibbopromachus n. gen. is established only for the type-species Pericentrus tripinnatus Redtenbacher, 1908, a species restricted to mossy, mountainous habitats in North Sulawesi; consequently this species now becomes Gibbopromachus tripinnatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) n. comb.. The new genus Neomyronides n. gen. (Type-species: Pseudostheneboea aberrans emiri Hennemann, 1998) is established to comprise three species that have previously been misplaced in other genera. Paramanduria n. gen. is erected to comprise its type-species Neopromachus celebensis Günther, 1935 as well as Prisomera nodosum Günther, 1938; hence these two species change to Paramanduria celebensis (Günther, 1935) n. comb. and Paramanduria nodosum (Günther, 1938) n. comb.. Twenty-two new species are described, 14 from Sulawesi, one from the Togian islands, five from the island of Peleng and two from the island of Sanana. Sulawesi: Dimorphodes elegans n. sp. is decribed from the male and female, Hemiplasta flavifrons n. sp. from the male, Hemiplasta parva n. sp. from the male, Leprocaulinus digitatus n. sp. from the female, Leprocaulinus sulawesiense n. sp. from the male, female and egg, Mnesilochus bodiense n. sp. from the male, Mnesilochus luwuense n. sp. from the female, Myronides tomohonense n. sp. from the male and female, Necroscia malleoformia n. sp. from the male, Nescicroa splendida n. sp. from the male and female, Periphetes borealis n. sp. from the male, Ramulus extensus n. sp. from the male, Ramulus melanurus n. sp. from the male and Ramulus torajanus n. sp. from the male, female and egg. Togian Islands: Ramulus togianense n. sp. is described from both sexes and the eggs. Peleng: Myronides glaucus n. sp., Nesiophasma giganteum n. sp. and Ramulus pelengense n. sp. are described from both sexes and the eggs, Orthomeria limogesi n. sp. from the male and female and Pylaemenes pleurospinosus n. sp. from the female only. Sanana Island: Myronides pussulatus n. sp. and Nesiophasma sananaense n. sp. are described only from the female sex. Ten species are synonymised (n. syn.): Calvisia (Conocalvisia) octolineata Redtenbacher, 1908 and Calvisia (Conocalvisia) reductipennis Redtenbacher, 1908 synonymised with Calvisia (Conocalvisia) hippolyte (Westwood, 1859); Lonchodes reductus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 synonymised with Myronides cristulatus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907; Necroscia albofasciata Redtenbacher, 1908 synonymised with Nescicroa smaragdula (Bates, 1865); Necroscia densegranulosa Redtenbacher, 1908 and Sipyloidea (Hemiplasta) falcata Redtenbacher, 1908 synonymised with Hemiplasta mustea (Bates, 1865) n. comb.; Paranecroscia frontalis (Redtenbacher, 1908) synonymised with Nescicroa viridilineata (Bates, 1865); Paranecroscia graminea (Bates, 1865: 356), here synonymised with Nescicroa smaragdula (Bates, 1865); Ramulus melanocephalus (Carl, 1913) synonymised with Ramulus supernumerarius (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907); Sipyloidea felderi Redtenbacher, 1908 synonymised with Singaporoidea poeciloptera (Rehn, 1904) n. comb.. Six subspecies are raised (n. stat.) or re-transferred (rev. stat.) to species level: Dimorphodes celebensis Redtenbacher, 1908 rev. stat., Dimorphodes sarasini Redtenbacher, 1908 rev. stat., Hermagoras celebensis (Hennemann, 1998) n. stat., Leprocaulinus mammatus (Rehn, 1904) rev. stat., n. comb., Neomyronides emiri (Hennemann, 1998) n. comb., n. stat., Nescicroa rufescens (Hennemann, 1998) n. stat.. Hemiplasta rostrata (Redtenbacher, 1908) is removed from synonymy with Hemiplasta styligera (Bates, 1865) and Sipyloidea normalis Redtenbacher, 1908) is removed from synonymy with Sipyloidea poeciloptera Rehn, 1904; both are re-established as a valid species (rev. stat.). 37 species are transferred to other genera (n. comb.): Asceles morio (Redtenbacher, 1908), Asceles roseonotata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Dimorphodes epidicus (Günther, 1935), Gibbopromachus tripinnatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), Hemiplasta mustea (Bates, 1865), Hemiplasta nigra (Hennemann, 1998), Leprocaulinus heinrichi (Günther, 1935), Leprocaulinus kaupii (Stål, 1875), Leprocaulinus mammatus (Rehn, 1904), Lopaphus ashmeadi (Rehn, 1904), Lopaphus baucis (Westwood, 1859), Lopaphus elegans (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), Lopaphus magnificus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), Myronides batesii (Kirby, 1896), Neomyronides aberrans (Günther, 1938), Neomyronides emiri (Hennemann, 1998), Neomyronides obsolefactum (Günther, 1935), Nescicroa ruficeps (Redtenbacher, 1908), Ophicrania bojei (Haan, 1842), Paramanduria celebensis (Günther, 1935), Paramanduria nodosum (Günther, 1938), Phraortes curvithorax (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), Ramulus supernumerarius (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), Rhamphosipyloidea tristis (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea albilateralis (Hennemann, 1998), Singaporoidea dolorosa (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea fruhstorferi (Günther, 1938), Singaporoidea inconspicua (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea janus (Bates, 1865), Singaporoidea lutea (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea macra (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea normalis (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea poeciloptera (Rehn, 1904), Singaporoidea pseudosipylus laevis (Günther, 1936), Singaporoidea pseudosipylus pseudosipylus (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea pumila (Werner, 1934) and Singaporoidea tenella (Günther, 1935). 20 species are transferred back to the genera they have been placed in previously (rev. comb.): Cylindomena acuminata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Cylindomena scalprifera Günther, 1935, Nescicroa angustata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa compacta (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa contracta (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa heinrichi (Günther, 1935), Nescicroa obliterata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa papuana (Brancsik, 1898), Nescicroa rammei (Günther, 1935), Nescicroa redempta (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa resignata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa rivalis (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa rufescens (Hennemann, 1998), Nescicroa sanguinata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa smaragdula (Bates, 1865), Nescicroa tereticollis (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa terminalis (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa tumescens (Redtenbacher, 1908) and Nescicroa viridilineata (Bates, 1865). The world‘s longest stick insect Phobaeticus chani Bragg, 2008 is removed from the genus Sadyattes Stål, 1877 (Platycraninae: Stephanacridini) and transferred back to its original genus Phobaeticus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 (Clitumninae: Clitumnini) rev. comb.. Lectotypes are designated for 17 species: Aruanoidea inconspicua Redtenbacher, 1908; Calvisia octo-lineata Redtenbacher, 1908; Calvisia reductipennis Redtenbacher, 1908; Clitumnus redemptus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907; Cuniculina melanocephala Carl, 1913; Datames moluccanus Redtenbacher, 1906; Dimorphodes bellicosus Redtenbacher, 1908; Dimorphodes celebensis Redtenbacher, 1908; Myronides cristulatus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907; Necroscia frontalis Redtenbacher, 1908; Necroscia viridilineata Bates, 1865; Phobaeticus kuehni Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907; Phryganistria plateni Dohrn, 1910; Sipyloidea felderi Redtenbacher, 1908; Sipyloidea normalis Redtenbacher, 1908; Sipyloidea (Hemiplasta) falcata Redtenbacher, 1908; and Sipyloidea (Hemiplasta) rostrata Redtenbacher, 1908. The male of Hemiplasta styligera (Bates, 1865) and Paracyphocrania major Hennemann, Conle & Suzuki, 2015 are described and illustrated for the first time and information on the natural habitats, host plants and life-cycle of the latter species in Peleng are provided. The egg of Dimorphodes sarasini Redtenbacher, 1908 is described and illustrated for the first time.

Fundada no Rio de Janeiro no ano de 1932, a Sociedade dos Amigos de Alberto Torres possuía um cunho nacionalista, empreendendo uma releitura de ideias do político e pensador social fluminense Alberto de Seixas Martins Torres (1865 – 1917). No Rio Grande do Sul, a fundação do núcleo regional se deu em 1936. Uma das principais bandeiras desta sociedade era uma mudança educacional no país, com um incentivo maior para o ensino rural. Além disso, tinha forte preocupação com a questão da imigração no país, com graves ressalvas para a entrada de determinados grupos, como japoneses e sírio-libaneses, além de apoiar o processo de nacionalização de grupos considerados de difícil assimilação, como os alemães. Nosso objetivo, neste trabalho, é analisar a inserção do núcleo regional da Sociedade dos Amigos de Alberto Torres no que compete ao tocante educacional do Rio Grande do Sul, destacando medidas adotadas em áreas de imigração, como no município de São Leopoldo, onde um dos líderes estaduais desta entidade, o advogado Carlos de Souza Moraes, atuava como secretário da Prefeitura local e responsável pela Instrução Pública na cidade. Aprofundar os estudos sobre a inserção da Sociedade dos Amigos de Alberto Torres e a implementação de suas ideias no contexto sul-rio-grandense, sobretudo no período do Estado Novo (1937 – 1945), pode contribuir significativamente para uma compreensão mais ampla da complexidade e dinamicidade deste momento histórico.* * *Founded in Rio de Janeiro in 1932, the Society of Friends of Alberto Torres possessed a nationalist character, undertaking a rereading of ideas of Rio de Janeiro politician and social thinker Alberto de Seixas Martins Torres (1865 - 1917). In Rio Grande do Sul, the founding of the regional nucleus occurred in 1936. One of the main flags of this society was an educational change in the country, with a greater incentive for rural education. In addition, he was deeply concerned about the issue of immigration in the country, with serious caveats for the entry of certain groups, such as Japanese and Syrian-Lebanese, and support the process of nationalization of groups considered difficult to assimilate, such as the Germans. Our objective, in this work, is to analyze the insertion of the regional nucleus of the Society of Friends of Alberto Torres in what concerns the educational point of Rio Grande do Sul, highlighting measures adopted in areas of immigration, such as in the municipality of São Leopoldo, where one of the state leaders of this entity, the lawyer Carlos de Souza Moraes, acted as secretary of the local government and responsible for public education in the city. To deepen the studies on the integration of the Society of Friends of Alberto Torres and the implementation of his ideas in the context of South-Rio Grande do Sul, especially during the Estado Novo period (1937-1945), can contribute significantly to a broader understanding of the complexity and dynamicity of this historical moment.

Vladimir Germanovich Bogoraz (1865–1936, pseudonyms: Tan, Tan-Bogoraz, Bogoraz-Tan), the famous ethnographer, linguist, religious scholar, and researcher of Northern peoples, was also a prolific and popular fiction author, in particular, a prominent representative of the so-called prehistoric fiction, i.e. fiction about prehistoric times. This is the first publication of Bogoraz’s play “Dragon Victims” which is a revision of his prehistoric novel under the same name (1909, “Sons of Mammoth” in English translation of 1929), commissioned in 1920 by the Section of Historical Pictures at the Petrograd Theater Department of the People's Commissariat of Education, after Bogoraz, at that time an employee of the Petrograd Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, had been invited by the Section to write an introduction for the upcoming paleophantastic play “Rhino Hunt” by N.S. Gumilev. The text of Bogoraz’s play “Dragon Victims”, preserved in the archive (St. Petersburg Department of the Russian Academy of Sciences Archives), is published according to the typescript with author’s handwritten corrections. In a detailed introductory article, the publisher clarifies the dating, the history of creating, and the literary characteristics of the play as compared to the novel, as well as the programmatic nature of the encouraging attitude to composing plays on prehistoric themes that came from A.M. Gorky, the founder and head of the Section.

This work is an inventory of the amphibians of Fouta-Djallon that has provided two lists of amphibians from this area of Guinea. The first is a list of amphibian species that have been reported in Fouta-Djallon. These are the twenty-seven (27) species that are : Arthroleptis formosus Rödel et al. (2011), Astylosternus occidentalis (Parker, 1931), Leptopelis bufonides (Schiøtz, 1967), Leptopelis spiritusnoctis (Rödel, 2007), Leptopelis viridis (Günther, 1869), Bufo maculatus or Hyperolius nitidulus (Peters, 1875), Hyperolius picturatus (Peters, 1875), Kassina fusca (Schiøtz, 1967), Kassina senegalensis (Duméril and Bibron, 1841), Odontobatrachus fouta (Barej et al. 2015), Petropedetes natator or Odontobatrachus natator (Boulenger, 1905), Odontobatrachus smithi (Barej et al. 2015), Phrynobatrachus accraensis or Phrynobatrachus latifrons (Ahl, 1924), Phrynobatrachus calcaratus (Peters, 1863), Phrynobatrachus natalensis (Smith, 1849), Phrynobatrachus pintoi (Hillers, Zimkus, & Rödel, 2008), Phrynobatrachus tokba (Chabanaud, 1921), Ptychadena bibroni (Hallowell, 1845), Ptychadena longirostris (Peters, 1870), Ptychadena oxyrhynchus (Smith, 1849), Ptychadena pumilio (Boulenger, 1920), Ptychadena tellinii (Peracca, 1904), Ptychadena trinodis (Boettger, 1881), Geotrypetes angeli (Parker, 1936). The second concerns 12 species whose presence in the Fouta region is probable. To elaborate this second list, we have retained the species whose presence has been reported in Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Sierra Leone and/or in the other regions of Guinea. These are : Sclerophrys chudeaui (Chabanaud, 1919), Hemisus guineensis (Cope, 1865), Hemisus marmoratus (Peters, 1854), Afrixalus quadrivittatus (Werner, 1908), Afrixalus vittiger (Peters, 1876), Afrixalus weidholzi (Mertens, 1938), Hyperolius lamottei (Laurent, 1958), Hyperolius occidentalis Schiøtz (1967), Ptychadena "mascareniensis", Ptychadena arnei (Perret, 1997), Ptychadena tournieri (Guibé et Lamotte, 1957), Amnirana galamensis (Duméril et Bibron, 1841).

The paper explores Rudyard Kipling’s perspective on the importance of railways in India which is the theme of some of his poetic and prose work. Coupled with this, an overview of the importance of railways and its military, economic and social aspects in Central Asia, in the backdrop of the Great Game of the 19th Century between Russia and Britain is also offered. This study attempts to correlate the significance of the Trans-Caspian Railway (TCR), founded in 1879 and the North Western State Railway in British India formed seven years later in 1886. It also takes into account the railways’ cultural importance for the people of Central Asia. The most important aspect of the subject under assessment is how the construction of railway lines worked as a device and a tool to strengthen the hold of both the colonizing powers. It is in this context that the poet and novelist Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) glorified the benefits of Indian railways as a stabilizing factor for the strength of the Raj. The paper attempts to establish that railways not only strengthened colonial rule in both Central Asia and India but brought significant social and economic changes in the lives of the people living on both sides of the border. The perspective here is a post-colonial one that offers insights on the effects of colonization, most importantly the modernizing agenda or the enlightenment package attached to the great design of imperialism and empire-building. But the picture that appears after the passing of colonization is hazy when looked at the hybridized and ambivalent view that Kipling held, and also taking into account the hegemony, control, and the politics of aesthetics.

The article reflects on the transformations that classical Tantra has undergone in the West and in Russia in the 20th – 21st centuries. The basis for the image of Tantra in the Western imagination was the model of «non-dual» Shaiva-Shakta Tantrism. The first serious interpretation and exegesis of Tantra was provided by J. Woodroffe (1865–1936). In parallel with him, the first popularizer of the new Tantra, P. Bernard (1875–1955), worked in the United States. He paid great attention to the themes of love, body and sexuality. But the soil for Neotantra was formed later, and the New Age and “sexual revolution” became its main ingredients. The first Neotantrist should be considered the Indian guru Osho Rajneesh (1931–1990). In Osho’s sermons, classical tantra was combined with Zen Buddhism, Taoism, Western psychotherapy, the teachings of Gurdjieff and Krishnamurti. Osho taught his students spontaneity, naturalness, totality, rebellion against the “slavery of the mind”. Many Neotantric teachers popular in Russia are students of Osho. The arrival of Swami Virato Nostradamus (1938–2013) in 1992 can be considered the beginning of the spread of Tantra in Russia. Among the well-known domestic Neotantric teachers are L. Teternikov, A. Lapin, P. Ostrikov, S. Slyusarev, A. Shelyakov, A. Lyubarsky, S. Knyazev and others. The article analyzes the views of Russian Neotantrists on human nature, their reflection on Tantra, attitude to yoga, religion, women, sexuality. In general, these views are dependent on Osho and his disciples. There are some similarities between Neotantra and classical Tantra (eg., syncretism, practicality, interest in the concept of energy, etc.), although the context of these traits should always be considered. There are more differences between them. In Neotantra we see: rejection of religiosity; declining value of mentoring; rejection of concepts important for classical Tantra (moksha, karma, samsara, etc.) or their remaking; emphasizing the importance of sexuality; absence of sacred texts and sacred language; psychologization. Neotantra is gradually becoming an increasingly organic part of the westernized global world.

Indian taxa of the genus Cyana Walker, 1854 are reviewed. Five new species and three new subspecies are described: C. rudloffi Volynkin & N. Singh, sp. nov., C. atlanteia N. Singh et al., sp. nov., C. chrysopeleia N. Singh et al., sp. nov., C. dohertyi eirene Volynkin & N. Singh, ssp. nov., C. britomartis N. Singh & Volynkin, sp. nov., C. arama metis Volynkin & N. Singh, ssp. nov., C. dryope Volynkin & N. Singh, sp. nov. and C. conclusa nicobara N. Singh et al., ssp. nov. The replacement name for C. tripunctata Rothschild, 1936 nec. Reich, 1935 is introduced: C. arorai Volynkin et al., nom. nov. Cyana linatula (Swinhoe, 1891), stat. rev. and Cyana watsoni Hampson, 1897, stat. rev. are restored to species rank from the synonymy with Cyana subornata (Walker, 1854) and Cyana moelleri (Elwes, 1890), respectively. Cyana paeninsulana Černý, 2009 is downgraded to a subspecies of C. selangorica (Hampson, 1903): C. selangorica paeninsulana Černý, 2009, stat. nov. Cyana flavotincta (Draudt, 1914) is downgraded to a subspecies of C. coccinea (Moore, 1878): Cyana coccinea flavotincta (Draudt, 1914), stat. nov. Five new synonyms are established: C. detrita Walker, 1854 = Lyclene tripunctata Reich, 1935, syn. nov.; C. obliquilineata (Hampson, 1900) = Cyana baolini Fang, 1992, syn. nov.; C. gelida gelida (Walker, 1854) = Lithosia alborosea Walker, 1864, syn. nov.; C. khasiana Hampson, 1897 = Chionaema hampsoni Kaleka, 2003, syn. nov.; C. arama arama (Moore, 1859) = Bizone triguttata Walker, 1869, syn. nov. The lectotypes are designated for the following 30 taxa: Cyana detrita Walker, 1854, Barsine suffundens Walker, 1864 [1865], Bizone coccinea Moore, 1878, Chionaema coccinea form flavotincta Draudt, 1914, Bizone puer Elwes, 1890, Bizone linatula Swinhoe, 1891, Cyana dudgeoni Hampson, 1895, Bizone peregrina Walker, 1854, Cyana catorhoda Hampson, 1897, Bizone quadrinotata Walker, 1869, Bizone pallens Butler, 1877, Bizone amabilis Moore, 1877, Bizone harterti Elwes, 1890, Doliche gelida Walker, 1854, Lithosia alborosea Walker, 1864, Bizone mölleri Elwes, 1890, Cyana watsoni Hampson, 1897, Bizone gazella Moore, 1872, Bizone dohertyi Elwes, 1890, Bizone sikkimensis Elwes, 1890, Cyana khasiana Hampson, 1897, Bizone bellissima Moore, 1878, Bizone arama Moore, 1859, Bizone triguttata Walker, 1869, Bizone adita Moore, 1859, Bizone bifasciata Poujade, 1886, Bizone signa Walker, 1854, Bizone fasciculata Walker, 1856, Bizone perornata Walker, 1854 and Bizone conclusa Walker, 1862.

Nors knygotyra yra gana nauja mokslo sritis, jos pasaulinė istorija yra turtinga. Lenkijos knygotyros šaknys taip pat siekia XVIII amžiaus vidurį, kai pasirodė pirmieji spaudos istorijos ir bibliografijos darbų apmatai. Tačiau Joachimo Lelewelio, Dvejeto bibliografijos knygų autoriaus, pasiekimai nurodė kelią ištisai bibliotekininkų ir knygotyrininkų kartai. Pirmasis Lenkijos knygotyros teoretikas išleido savo darbus Vilniuje. Šiame universitetiniame mieste ilgus amžius egzistavo genius loci, pasireiškiantis tokių asmenybių kaip Adamas Łysakowskis, Tadeuszas Turkowskis (pravardžiuojamas Jerzy Czarneckiu), Ludwikas Abramowiczius ar Michałas Brensztejnas kūryboje.Viena iš ryškiausių asmenybių, tarpukario laikotarpiu plėtojusi bibliotekininkystės ir knygos studijas, buvo A. Łysakowskis – Vilniaus universiteto viešosios bibliotekos vyriausiasis bibliotekininkas. Jo Dalykinis katalogas padarė revoliucinį perversmą dalykinimo tyrimuose Lenkijoje. Prisidėjęs prie Jano Ladislavo Živny Bibliografijos vadovo leidimo, A. Łysakowskis Lenkijoje išpopuliarino šiuolaikinės knygos studijas. Jis taip pat labai domėjosi regionine bibliografija ir spaudos statistika. Gyvendamas Vilniuje, A. Łysakowskis gilinosi į bibliotekininkų rengimo profesijos klausimus.T. Turkowskis dažnai pabrėždavo, jog, be sostinės Krokuvos (vėliau Varšuvos), daugelį šimtmečių Vilnius buvo svarbiausias kultūros centras. Jis skatino domėjimąsi Vilniaus mokslo ir švietimo istorija, išleido monumentalų darbą Literatūros ir švietimo istorijos medžiaga Lietuvoje ir Rusijoje iš Józefo Zawadzkio leidyklos ir knygyno 1805–1865 m. archyvo Vilniuje. T. Turkowskis paskelbė straipsnių apie Vilniaus knygų prekybą ir Vilniaus knygas. Jis taip pat išvertė pirmiau minėtą Bibliografijos vadovą.L. Abramowiczius buvo T. Wróblewskio bibliotekos administratorius. Jis turėjo turtingą su Lietuva ir Vilniumi susijusių spaudinių kolekciją, kurią atidavė viešai naudoti. Jo kolekcijos pagrindu Vilniuje buvo įsteigtas Ikonografijos muziejus. Ilgą laiką L. Abramowiczius rengė Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės regioninę bibliografiją. Jo veikalas Keturi Vilniaus spaudos šimtmečiai tebėra viena svarbiausių šios srities studijų.Vilniaus bibliotekininkas M. Brensztejnas, nors ir stokojo oficialaus išsilavinimo, 1936 m. gavo Vilniaus universiteto honoris causa diplomą už nuopelnus mokslui. Jis išleido 400 darbų Lietuvos istorijos ir etnografijos klausimais ir daugiau kaip 20 darbų bibliografijos, knygos istorijos ir regiono bibliotekų klausimais, organizavo Vilniaus universiteto ir Vilniaus bibliotekų istorijos parodas.Vilniaus universiteto viešoji biblioteka, Wróblewskių biblioteka, Meno ir mokslo draugija ar Lenkijosbibliotekininkų asociacijos Vilniaus ratelis buvo svarbiausi bibliologijos mokslinio gyvenimo centrai tarpukario laikotarpiu. Juose knygotyrininkai vykdė mokslinę ir profesinę veiklą. Jų veiklos dokumentai fiksuoja knygos kultūros istoriją Lietuvoje ir kaip tik tai leido šių centrų nariams ne tik dirbti bibliotekinį darbą, bet taip pat dalyvauti socialiniame ir moksliniame Vilniaus gyvenime. Gilindamiesi į įvairias knygotyros sferas, Vilniaus bibliotekininkai prisidėjo prie Lenkijos ir Lietuvos švietimo, mokslo ir kultūros plėtros.

The Australian wolf spider (Lycosidae Sundevall, 1833) genus Tasmanicosa Roewer, 1959 with Lycosa tasmanica Hogg, 1905 as type species is revised to include 14 species: T. godeffroyi (L. Koch, 1865), comb. nov. (= Lycosa tasmanica Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.; = Lycosa zualella Strand, 1907, syn. nov.; = Lycosa woodwardi Simon, 1909, syn. nov.); T. fulgor sp. nov.; T. gilberta (Hogg, 1905) comb. nov.; T. harmsi sp. nov.; T. hughjackmani sp. nov.; T. kochorum sp. nov.; T. leuckartii (Thorell, 1870), comb. nov. (= Lycosa molyneuxi Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.); T. musgravei (McKay, 1974) comb. nov.; T. phyllis (Hogg, 1905) comb. nov. (= Lycosa stirlingae Hogg, 1905, syn. nov.); T. ramosa (L. Koch, 1877), comb. nov.; T. salmo sp. nov.; T. semicincta (L. Koch, 1877) comb. nov.; T. stella sp. nov.; and T. subrufa (Karsch, 1878) comb. nov. Within the Australian wolf spider fauna, the genus Tasmanicosa can be diagnosed by the distinct pattern of radiating light and dark lines forming a “Union-Jack” pattern on the carapace. Male pedipalp morphology identifies the genus as part of the subfamily Lycosinae Sundevall, 1833 due to the presence of a transverse tegular apophysis with dorsal groove guiding the embolus during copulation. However, genital morphology is variable and a synapomorphy based on male pedipalp or female epigyne morphology could not be identified. Members of Tasmanicosa are comparatively large spiders (body length ca. 12–30 mm), that build a shallow burrow, which is sometimes covered with a flimsy trapdoor. Species of Tasmanicosa are largely a Bassian faunal element with preference for open woodlands and/or floodplains, although some species can be found into the semi-arid Australian interior. Two Australian wolf spider species may represent Tasmanicosa based on their original descriptions, but due to immature types in combination with the somatic similarities of all Tasmanicosa species, cannot be identified with certainty. They are therefore considered nomina dubia: Lycosa excusor L. Koch, 1867 and Lycosa infensa L. Koch, 1877. The type species of Orthocosa Roewer, 1960 is transferred to Tasmanicosa; however, in order to prevent some non-Australian wolf spiders in the genus Orthocosa to be transferred into Tasmanicosa, which is considered endemic to Australia, we here place these species into more appropriate genera based on their original descriptions pending a future revision of these species: Arctosa ambigua Denis, 1947 comb. reval.; Alopecosa orophila (Thorell, 1887) comb. nov.; Hygrolycosa tokinagai Saito, 1936 comb. reval. Orthocosa sternomaculata (Mello-Leitão, 1943) is considered a junior synonym of Hogna birabeni (Mello-Leitão, 1943) comb. nov.

The family Endomychidae is a moderately large group of small to medium-sized beetles with worldwide distribution and maximum diversity in tropical and subtropical regions, which includes about 1,600 species in 90 genera, 9 subfamilies (Shockley et al., 2009; Robertson et al., 2015). Of these, 7 species are known from the territory of Ukraine, of which 5 species occur in the Ukrainian Carpathian region (Nowicki, 1865; Roubal, 1936, Mateleshko, 2002, 2005, 2009; Mateleshko & Chumak, 2006; Mateleshko & Roshko, 2006; Mateleshko & Lovas, 2010; Chumak et al., 2015; Koval, et al., 2018; Diedus et al., 2021) and three species are known from the Sumy, Kharkiv, Kherson provinces and the Crimean Autonomous Republic (Drogvalenko, 1999). Representatives of the family are mainly mycophagous. The most common habitats are fungi, rotten wood and fungus-infested bark. Many species live in leaf litter and decaying plant debris, where they feed on mold and fungi. The collection of the State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (SMNH) presents 58 specimens of the family Endomychidae, belonging to 4 species and 4 genera, as follows: Dapsa denticollis (Germar, 1817) – 3 spec., Endomychus coccineus (Linnaeus, 1758) – 29 spec., Lycoperdina succincta (Linnaeus, 1767) – 21 spec., Mycetina cruciata (Schaller, 1783) – 5 spec. The illustrated catalogue of these species is given below, the species being listed in an alphabet order. The collection material has originated from the western part of Ukraine and southern part of Poland and was collected during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Most of the material was collected from the western part of Ukraine, and is presented in the collection by three species: D. denticollis, E. coccineus and L. succincta from Roztochchia georegion (Lviv (Holosko, Kryvchytsi, Znesinnia, Snopkiv), Yamelnia, Ivano-Frankove); E. coccineus from Male Polissia (Radvantsi); two species from Opillia – L. succincta (Bartativ, Zubra) and E. coccineus (Prybyn). Only one species, E. coccineus, is known from the Cisparpathian Upland (Kolomyia, Sadzhawka) where it was collected in early 20th century (15.06.1902; 23.05.1901). Regarding the material collected from the territory of Poland, 4 specimens of two species are available in the SMNH collection: E. coccineus (Kraków, Rabka-Zdrój, Szymbart) and L succincta (Sztutowo). In addition to the main museum collection, the four above-mentioned species are contained in the collection of A. Stöckl: one spec. D. denticollis from Serbia, collected by Reitter; 5 spec. E. coccineus from the western part of Ukraine (Lviv, Riasne, Ivano-Frankove); 3 spec. L. succincta: one spec. from Poland (Konskowola), two – from Ukraine (Ivano-Frankove, Lviv); and 2 spec. of M. cruciata collected in Ukraine (Pistyn). Other specimens of this collection lack information on the collectors.

The total number of species of Lernanthropidae previously recorded from Australian waters is 15 (i.e., one species each of Aethon Krøyer, 1837, Lernanthropodes Bere, 1936, and Lernanthropsis Do, in Ho & Do, 1985; 10 species of Lernanthropus de Blainville, 1822; and two species of Sagum Wilson, 1913), and all of these records are reviewed. We report here the presence of three species of Aethon. One species, A. garricki Hewitt, 1968, is reported from Australian waters for the first time and a new species, A. bicamera sp. nov., is described from the latrid, Latris lineatus (Forster, 1801) caught off South Australia. The genus Lernanthropodes is represented by a single species, L. trachinoti Pillai, 1962. We recognize Chauvanium Kazachenko, Kovaleva, Nguyen & Ngo, 2017 as a subjective synonym of Lernanthropodes and transfer its type and only species C. chauvani Kazachenko, Kovaleva, Nguyen & Ngo, 2017 which becomes Lernanthropodes chauvani (Kazachenko, Kovaleva, Nguyen & Ngo, 2017) n. comb. Lernanthropsis mugilii (Shishido, 1898) is reported here from Mugil cephalus Linnaeus, 1758 sampled in Queensland and in New South Wales. The genus Lernanthropus is the most species rich and we report the presence of 20 nominal species on Australian marine fishes. This total includes six new species: L. alepicolus sp. nov. from Alepes apercna Grant, 1987, L. elegans sp. nov. from Atractoscion aequidens (Cuvier, 1830), L. gnathanodontus sp. nov. from Gnathanodon speciosus (Forsskål, 1775), L. paracruciatus sp. nov. from Protonibea diacanthus (Lacepède, 1802), L. pemphericola sp. nov. from Pempheris compressa (White, 1790), and L. selenotoca sp. nov. from Selenotoca multifasciata (Richardson, 1846). In addition, we report the presence of another four species in Australian waters for the first time: L. abitocephalus Tripathi, 1962, L. cadenati Delamare Deboutteville & Nuñes-Ruivo, 1954, L. microlamini Hewitt, 1968, and L. pomadasysis Rangnekar & Murti, 1961. After reexamination of the types of L. paenulatus Wilson, 1922 held in the USNM, we relegate this species to subjective synonymy with L. seriolii Shishido, 1898. Previous records of L. paenulatus from Australian Seriola species should be reassigned to L. seriolii. Lernanthropus ecclesi Kensley & Grindley, 1973 is recognized as a junior subjective synonym of L. micropterygis Richiardi, 1884, and L. delamarei Marques, 1960, which is based on the male only, is tentatively considered to be a junior subjective synonym of L. micropterygis. Males are described for the first time for three species; L. breviculus Kabata, 1979, L. microlamini and L. mollis Kabata, 1979. A member of the genus Mitrapus Song & Chen, 1976, M. oblongus (Pillai, 1964), is reported from Australia for the first time, on Herklotsichthys castelnaui (Ogilby, 1897) caught off Queensland and New South Wales. Finally, two species of Sagum were previously known from Australia and here we add three more. Two of the newly reported species were originally described as species of Lernanthropus but we formally transfer them here to Sagum as S. lativentris (Heller, 1865) n. comb. and S. sanguineus (Song, in Song & Chen, 1976) n. comb. The males of S. lativentris and S. vespertilio Kabata, 1979 are described for the first time. A key to the females of the 31 species of lernanthropids found in Australian waters is provided.

Early in 1920, French-born architect Sholto Smith (1881-1936) decided to abandon his Moose Jaw practice, and his Canadian wife and family, and emigrate to New Zealand. His decision seems to have been precipitated by a memorable encounter with a woman who would later become a celebrated pianist for the Auckland radio station 1YA, Phyllis Mary Hams (1895-1974). Sholto Smith had met Hams during World War I while he was on leave from the Canadian Expeditionary Force and visiting Colwyn Bay, North Wales. Sholto Smith's major contribution to Arts and Crafts Auckland, the house he designed as a gift for Phyllis Hams on the occasion of their marriage on 3 March 1925, was named Colwyn to memorialise their Welsh meeting place. Despite only living in New Zealand for his last 16 years, Sholto Smith left a legacy of over 100 buildings. Colwyn was a well-placed advertisement for his domestic architecture, and his Arts and Crafts and Tudor house designs were soon in great demand throughout the building boom of the 1920s. Smith had arrived in Auckland on 17 March 1920 and immediately joined the practice of Thomas Coulthard Mullions (1878-1957) and C Fleming McDonald. The latter had been the architect of the original Masonic Hotel in Napier (1897), and the firm originally specialised in hotels and commercial architecture using modern materials including reinforced concrete, but dressing the modernist structure with historicist references. Several of their inner-city Auckland buildings such as the Waitemata and Manukau Council building on the corner of Shortland and Princes Street, Chancery Chambers in O'Connell Street and the Lister building on the corner of Victoria and Lorne Streets, still survive. After McDonald's death, Sholto Smith became a partner in the firm and encouraged Thomas Mullions to move into residential property development in central Auckland: Shortland Flats (1922) was a commercial venture where the architects formed a company owning shares in the building which comprised 24 flats designed to generate rental income. But detached suburban domestic architecture was Sholto Smith's real passion. Before leaving Canada for fresh beginnings in New Zealand, he drew an architectural perspective for his ideal home. He titled this drawing Dreamwold, and his vision for this ideal house was to be realised in Auckland at 187 St Heliers Bay Road. For this house design, Sholto Smith drew inspiration from Canadian colleagues such as British Columbian architect Samuel Maclure (1860-1929) and from the British masters of the Arts and Crafts Movement including CFA Voysey (1857-1951) and MH Baillie Scott (1865-1945). Colwyn is reminiscent of the latter's Corrie Wood (1908) in Letchworth Garden City, Hertfordshire in its adventurous open planning. A little bit of Olde Englande recreated in the South Pacific for his homesick new wife, Colwyn was Sholto Smith's perfect Dreamwold, right down to the text on the wooden mantelpiece over the fireplace. The quote inscribed there is taken from the beginning of Shakespeare's sonnet 57, and seems addressed by Smith to his 30-year-old bride: "Being your slave, what should I do but tend upon the hours and times of your desire?" Epitomising the romantic archetype, Colwyn remains a fine example of the type of Arts and Crafts dwelling that well-to-do Aucklanders aspired to inhabit in the 1920s.

Нечаева Могила – единственный сохранившийся до наших дней скифский царский курган-гигант в Северном Причерноморье. С 1853 г. он известен российским археологам. Его высота на сегодняшний день составляет 14–15 м. За последние два века курган претерпел существенные изменения. В середине 19 ст. были отмечены просадки насыпи, затем на вершине был вырыт глубокий колодец, позднее засыпанный, и на его месте выстроена беседка. Особо трагическую роль курган сыграл в годы Великой Отечественной войны, когда он был одним из узловых опорных пунктов войск вермахта в Никопольско-Криворожской наступательной операции Красной армии в декабре 1943 г. – январе 1944 г., в ходе которой была разгромлена криворожско–никопольская группировка, пытавшаяся удержать любой ценой Никопольский марганцевый и Криворожский железорудный бассейны. В боях за Нечаеву Могилу полегло более полутора тысяч советских воинов. Сам курган, в особенности его вершина, был изрыт блиндажами и ходами сообщений, а также сотнями воронок от снарядов. После войны вершина кургана была полностью перепланирована и на ней был установлен триангуляционный пункт высшей категории. Все факты указывают на то, что ранее курган входил в число крупнейших скифских царских курганов Северного Причерноморья и имел высоту не менее 20 м. Библиографические ссылки Артамонов М.И. Из истории методики археологических раскопок // ПИДО. 1935. № 1–2. С. 142–164. Бидзиля В.И., Полин С.В. Скифский царский курган Гайманова Могила. Киев: Скиф, 2012. 814 с. Бобринский А.А. Вновь открытая могила скифского царя // ИТУАК. 1913. № 50. Браун Ф.А. Разыскания в области гото-славянских отношений. СПб.: Тип. Имп. Акад. наук, 1899. ХХ, 392 с. Брун Ф.И. Черноморье. Сборник исследований по исторической географии Южной России. Одесса: Тип. Г. Ульриха, 1880. Ч. 2. 422 с. Бурачков П. 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The genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 is revised, a generic diagnosis is given and an identification key to eight species groups is provided. Olios in its revised sense includes 87 species and is distributed in Africa, southern Europe and Asia. Three species groups are revised in this first part, an identification key to species for each group is provided, five new species are described and all included species are illustrated. The Olios argelasius-group includes O. argelasius Walckenaer, 1806, O. canariensis (Lucas, 1838), O. pictus (Simon, 1885), O. fasciculatus Simon, 1880 and O. kunzi spec. nov. (male, female; Namibia, Zambia, South Africa); it is distributed in the Mediterranean region, northern Africa including Canary Islands, in the Middle East, South Sudan, East Africa, and southern Africa. The Olios coenobitus-group includes O. angolensis spec. nov. (male; Angola), O. coenobitus Fage, 1926, O. denticulus spec. nov. (male; Java), O. erraticus Fage, 1926, O. gambiensis spec. nov. (male, female; Gambia), O. milleti (Pocock, 1901b), O. mordax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) and O. pusillus Simon, 1880; it is distributed in Africa (Gambia, Angola, Tanzania, Madagascar) and Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia: Java). The Olios auricomis-group includes only O. auricomis (Simon, 1880), distributed in Africa south of 10°N. Other species groups are introduced briefly and will be revised in forthcoming revisions. The Olios correvoni-group includes currently O. claviger (Pocock, 1901a), O. correvoni Lessert, 1921, O. correvoni choupangensis Lessert, 1936, O. darlingi (Pocock, 1901a), O. faesi Lessert, 1933, O. freyi Lessert, 1929, O. kassenjicola Strand, 1916b, O. kruegeri (Simon, 1897a), O. quadrispilotus (Simon, 1880) comb. nov., O. lucieni comb. nov. nom. nov., O. sjostedti Lessert, 1921 and O. triarmatus Lessert, 1936; it is distributed in Africa (Zimbabwe, Tanzania incl. Zanzibar, Angola, Congo, Central Africa, South Africa, Botswana; O. darlingi was recorded from Zimbabwe and Botswana and not from South Africa). The Olios rossettii-group includes: O. baulnyi (Simon, 1874), O. bhattacharjeei (Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2007), O. brachycephalus Lawrence, 1938, O. floweri Lessert, 1921, O. jaldaparaensis Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2007, O. japonicus Jäger & Ono, 2000, O. kolosvaryi (Caporiacco, 1947b) comb. nov., O. longipes (Simon, 1884b), O. lutescens (Thorell, 1894), O. mahabangkawitus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, O. obesulus (Pocock, 1901b), O. rossettii (Leardi, 1901), O. rotundiceps (Pocock, 1901b), O. sericeus (Kroneberg, 1875), O. sherwoodi Lessert, 1929, O. suavis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876), O. tarandus (Simon, 1897d), O. tener (Thorell, 1891) and O. tiantongensis (Zhang & Kim, 1996); it is distributed in the Mediterranean region, in Africa (especially eastern half) and Asia (Middle East and Central Asia to Japan, Philippines and Java). The Olios nentwigi-group includes O. diao Jäger, 2012, O. digitatus Sun, Li & Zhang, 2011, O. jaenicke Jäger, 2012, O. muang Jäger, 2012, O. nanningensis (Hu & Ru, 1988), O. nentwigi spec. nov. (male, female; Indonesia: Krakatau), O. perezi Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, O. scalptor Jäger & Ono, 2001 and O. suung Jäger, 2012; it is distributed in Asia (Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines), Papua New Guinea and Mariana Islands. Olios diao is newly recorded from Cambodia and Champasak Province in Laos. The Olios stimulator-group includes O. admiratus (Pocock, 1901b), O. hampsoni (Pocock, 1901b), O. lamarcki (Latreille, 1806) and O. stimulator Simon, 1897c; it is distributed in Africa (Madagascar, Seychelles), Middle East and South Asia (United Arab Emirates, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Maldives, Sri Lanka). The Olios hirtus-group includes O. bungarensis Strand, 1913b, O. debalae (Biswas & Roy, 2005), O. ferox (Thorell, 1892), O. hirtus (Karsch, 1879a), O. igraya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. menghaiensis (Wang & Zhang, 1990), O. nigrifrons (Simon, 1897b), O. punctipes Simon, 1884a, O. punctipes sordidatus (Thorell, 1895), O. pyrozonis (Pocock, 1901b), O. sungaya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. taprobanicus Strand, 1913b and O. tikaderi Kundu et al., 1999; it is distributed in South, East and Southeast Asia (Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar, China, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines). Nineteen synonyms are recognised: Nisueta Simon, 1880, Nonianus Simon, 1885, both = Olios syn. nov.; O. spenceri Pocock, 1896, O. werneri (Simon, 1906a), O. albertius Strand, 1913a, O. banananus Strand, 1916a, O. aristophanei Lessert, 1936, all = O. fasciculatus; O. subpusillus Strand, 1907c = O. pusillus; O. schonlandi (Pocock, 1900b), O. rufilatus Pocock, 1900c, O. chiracanthiformis Strand, 1906, O. ituricus Strand, 1913a, O. isongonis Strand, 1915, O. flavescens Caporiacco, 1941 comb. nov., O. pacifer Lessert, 1921, all = O. auricomis; Olios sanguinifrons (Simon, 1906b) = O. rossettii Leardi, 1901; O. phipsoni (Pocock, 1899), Sparassus iranii (Pocock, 1901b), both = O. stimulator; O. fuligineus (Pocock, 1901b) = O. hampsoni. Nine species are transferred to Olios: O. gaujoni (Simon, 1897b) comb. nov., O. pictus comb. nov., O. unilateralis (Strand, 1908b) comb. nov. (all three from Nonianus), O. affinis (Strand, 1906) comb. nov., O. flavescens Caporiacco, 1941 comb. nov., O. quadrispilotus comb. nov., O. similis (Berland, 1922) comb. nov. (all four from Nisueta), O. sungaya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov., O. igraya (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov. (both from Isopeda L. Koch 1875). Olios lucieni nom. nov. comb. nov. is proposed for Nisueta similis Berland, 1922, which becomes a secondary homonym. The male of O. quadrispilotus comb. nov. is described for the first time. Sixteen species are currently without affiliation to one of the eight species groups: O. acolastus (Thorell, 1890), O. alluaudi Simon, 1887a, O. batesi (Pocock, 1900c), O. bhavnagarensis Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. croseiceps (Pocock, 1898b), O. durlaviae Biswas & Raychaudhuri, 2005, O. gentilis (Karsch, 1879b), O. gravelyi Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. greeni (Pocock, 1901b), O. inaequipes (Simon 1890), O. punjabensis Dyal, 1935, O. ruwenzoricus Strand, 1913a, O. senilis Simon, 1880, O. somalicus Caporiacco, 1940, O. wroughtoni (Simon, 1897c) and O. zulu Simon, 1880. Five of these species are illustrated in order to allow identification of the opposite (male) sex and to settle their systematic placement. Thirty-seven species are considered nomina dubia, mostly because they were described from immatures, three of them are illustrated: O. abnormis (Blackwall, 1866), O. affinis (Strand, 1906) comb. nov., O. africanus (Karsch, 1878), O. amanensis Strand, 1907a, O. annandalei (Simon, 1901), O. bivittatus Roewer, 1951, O. ceylonicus (Leardi, 1902), O. conspersipes (Thorell, 1899), Palystes derasus (C.L. Koch, 1845) comb. nov., O. detritus (C.L. Koch, 1845), O. digitalis Eydoux & Souleyet, 1842, O. exterritorialis Strand, 1907b, O. flavovittatus (Caporiacco, 1935), O. fugax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885), O. guineibius Strand, 1911c, O. guttipes (Simon, 1897a), O. kiranae Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. longespinus Caporiacco, 1947b, O. maculinotatus Strand, 1909, O. morbillosus (MacLeay, 1827), O. occidentalis (Karsch, 1879b), O. ornatus (Thorell, 1877), O. pagurus Walckenaer, 1837, O. patagiatus (Simon, 1897b), O. praecinctus (L. Koch, 1865), O. provocator Walckenaer, 1837, O. quesitio Moradmand, 2013, O. quinquelineatus Taczanowski, 1872, O. sexpunctatus Caporiacco, 1947a, Heteropoda similaris (Rainbow, 1898) comb. rev., O. socotranus (Pocock, 1903), O. striatus (Blackwall, 1867), O. timidus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885), Remmius variatus (Thorell, 1899) comb. nov., O. vittifemur Strand, 1916b, O. wolfi Strand, 1911a and O. zebra (Thorell, 1881). Eighty-nine species are misplaced in Olios but cannot be affiliated to any of the known genera. They belong to the subfamilies Deleninae Hogg, 1903, Sparassinae Bertkau, 1872 and Palystinae Simon, 1897a, nineteen of them are illustrated: O. acostae Schenkel, 1953, O. actaeon (Pocock, 1898c), O. artemis Hogg, 1915, O. atomarius Simon, 1880, O. attractus Petrunkevitch, 1911, O. auranticus Mello-Leitão, 1918, O. benitensis (Pocock, 1900c), O. berlandi Roewer, 1951, O. biarmatus Lessert, 1925, O. canalae Berland, 1924, O. caprinus Mello-Leitão, 1918, O. chelifer Lawrence, 1937, O. chubbi Lessert, 1923, O. clarus (Keyserling, 1880), O. coccineiventris (Simon, 1880), O. corallinus Schmidt, 1971, O. crassus Banks, 1909, O. debilipes Mello-Leitão, 1945, O. discolorichelis Caporiacco, 1947a, O. erroneus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890, O. extensus Berland, 1924, O. fasciiventris Simon, 1880 , O. feldmanni Strand, 1915, O. fimbriatus Chrysanthus, 1965, O. flavens Nicolet, 1849, O. fonticola (Pocock, 1902), O. formosus Banks, 1929, O. francoisi (Simon, 1898a), O. fulvithorax Berland, 1924, O. galapagoensis Banks, 1902, O. gaujoni (Simon, 1897b) comb. nov., O. giganteus Keyserling, 1884, O. hoplites Caporiacco, 1941, O. humboldtianus Berland, 1924, O. insignifer Chrysanthus, 1965, O. insulanus (Thorell, 1881), O. keyserlingi (Simon, 1880), O. lacticolor Lawrence, 1952, O. lepidus Vellard, 1924, O. longipedatus Roewer, 1951, O. machadoi Lawrence, 1952, O. macroepigynus Soares, 1944, O. maculatus Blackwall, 1862, O. marshalli (Pocock, 1898a), O. mathani (Simon, 1880), O. minensis Mello-Leitão, 1917, O. monticola Berland, 1924, O. mutabilis Mello-Leitão, 1917, O. mygalinus Doleschall, 1857, O. mygalinus cinctipes Merian, 1911, O. mygalinus nirgripalpis Merian, 1911, O. neocaledonicus Berland, 1924, O. nigristernis (Simon, 1880), O. nigriventris Taczanowski, 1872, O. oberzelleri Kritscher, 1966, O. obscurus (Keyserling, 1880), O. obtusus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900, O. orchiticus Mello-Leitão, 1930, O. oubatchensis Berland, 1924, O. paraensis (Keyserling, 1880), O. pellucidus (Keyserling, 1880), O. peruvianus Roewer, 1951, O. pictitarsis Simon, 1880, O. plumipes Mello-Leitão, 1937, O. princeps Hogg, 1914, O. pulchripes (Thorell, 1899), O. puniceus (Simon, 1880), O. roeweri Caporiacco, 1955a, O. rubripes Taczanowski, 1872, O. rubriventris (Thorell, 1881), O. rufus Keyserling, 1880, O. sanctivincenti (Simon, 1898b), O. similis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890), O. simoni (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1890), O. skwarrae Roewer, 1933, O. spinipalpis (Pocock, 1901a), O. stictopus (Pocock, 1898a), O. strandi Kolosváry, 1934, O. subadultus Mello-Leitão, 1930, O. sulphuratus (Thorell, 1899), O. sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1862), O. tamerlani Roewer, 1951, O. tigrinus (Keyserling, 1880), O. trifurcatus (Pocock, 1900c), O. trinitatis Strand, 1916a, O. velox (Simon, 1880), O. ventrosus Nicolet, 1849, O. vitiosus Vellard, 1924 and O. yucatanus Chamberlin, 1925. Seventeen taxa are transferred from Olios to other genera within Sparassidae, eight of them are illustrated: Adcatomus luteus (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Eusparassus flavidus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885) comb. nov., Palystes derasus (C.L. Koch, 1845) comb. nov., Heteropoda similaris (Rainbow, 1898) comb. rev., Remmius variatus (Thorell, 1899) comb. nov., Nolavia audax (Banks, 1909) comb. nov., Nolavia antiguensis (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Nolavia antiguensis columbiensis (Schmidt, 1971) comb. nov., Nolavia fuhrmanni (Strand, 1914) comb. nov., Nolavia helva (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Nolavia stylifer (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1900) comb. nov., Nolavia valenciae (Strand, 1916a) comb. nov., Nungara cayana (Taczanowski, 1872) comb. nov., Polybetes bombilius (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899) comb. nov., Polybetes fasciatus (Keyserling, 1880) comb. nov., Polybetes hyeroglyphicus (Mello-Leitão, 1918) comb. nov. and Prychia paalonga (Barrion & Litsinger, 1995) comb. nov. One species is transferred from Olios to the family Clubionidae Wagner, 1887: Clubiona paenuliformis (Strand, 1916a) comb. nov.

Canon and oblivion. The memorials of archaeologyThe article takes its point of departure in the sun chariot; the find itself and its find site at Trundholm bog where it was discovered in 1902. The famous sun chariot, now at the National Museum in Copenhagen, is a national treasure included in the Danish “Cultural Canon” and “History Canon”.The find site itself has alternated bet­ween experiencing intense attention and oblivion. A monument was erected in 1925; a new monument was then created in 1962 and later moved in 2002. The event of 1962 was followed by ceremonies, speeches and songs, and anniversary celebrations were held in 2002, during which a copy of the sun chariot was sacrificed.The memorial at Trundholm bog is only one of several memorials at archaeological find sites in Denmark. Which finds have been commemorated and marked by memorials? When did this happen? Who took the initiative? How were they executed? Why are these finds remembered? What picture of the past do we meet in this canon in stone?Find sites and archaeological memorials have been neglected in archaeology and by recent trends in the study of the history of archaeology. Considering the impressive research on monuments and monumentality in archaeology, this is astonishing. However, memorials in general receive attention in an active research field on the use of history and heritage studies, where historians and ethnologists dominate. The main focus here is, however, on war memorials. An important source of inspiration has been provided by a project led by the French historian Pierre Nora who claims that memorial sites are established when the living memory is threatened (a thesis refuted by the many Danish “Reunion” monuments erected even before the day of reunification in 1920).Translated into Danish conditions, studies of the culture of remembrance and memorials have focused on the wars of 1848-50 and 1864, the Reunion in 1920, the Occupation in 1940-45 and, more generally, on conflicts in the borderland bet­ween Denmark and Germany.In relation to the total number of memorials and public meeting places in Denmark, archaeological memorials of archaeology are few in number, around 1 % of the total. However, they prompt crucial questions concerning the use of the past, on canon and oblivion.“Canon” means rule, and canonical texts are the supposed genuine texts in the Bible. The concept of canon became a topic in the 1990s when Harold Bloom, in “The Western Canon”, identified a number of books as being canonical. In Denmark, canon has been a great issue in recent years with the appearance of the “Danish Literary Canon” in 2004, and the “Cultural Canon” and the “History Canon”, both in 2006. The latter includes the Ertebølle culture, the sun chariot and the Jelling stone. The political context for the creation of canon lists is the so-called “cultural conflict” and the debate concerning immigration and “foreigners”.Canon and canonization means a struggle against relativism and oblivion. Canon means that something ought to be remembered while something else is allowed to be forgotten. Canon lists are constructed when works and values are perceived as being threatened by oblivion. Without ephemerality and oblivion there is no need for canon lists. Canon and oblivion are linked.Memorials mean canonization of certain individuals, collectives, events and places, while others are allowed to be forgotten. Consequently, archaeological memorials constitute part of the canonization of a few finds and find sites. According to Pierre Nora’s thesis, memorials are established when the places are in danger of being forgotten.Whether one likes canon lists or not, they are a fact. There has always been a process of prioritisation, leading to some finds being preserved and others discarded, some being exhibited and others ending up in the stores.Canonization is expressed in the classical “Seven Wonders of the World”, the “Seven New Wonders of the World” and the World Heritage list. A find may be declared as treasure trove, as being of “unique national significance” or be honoured by the publication of a monograph or by being given its own museum.In practice, the same few finds occur in different contexts. There seems to be a consensus within the subject of canonization of valuing what is well preserved, unique, made of precious metals, bears images and is monumental. A top-ten canon list of prehistoric finds from Denmark according to this consensus would probably include the following finds: The sun chariot from Trundholm, the girl from Egtved, the Dejbjerg carts, the Gundestrup cauldron, Tollund man, the golden horns from Gallehus, the Mammen or Bjerringhøj grave, the Ladby ship and the Skuldelev ships.Just as the past may be used in many different ways, there are many forms of memorial related to monuments from the past or to archaeological excavations. Memorials were constructed in the 18th and 19th centuries at locations where members of the royal family had conducted archaeology. As with most other memorials from that time, the prince is at the centre, while antiquity and archaeology create a brilliant background, for example at Jægerpris (fig. 2). Memorials celebrating King Frederik VII were created at the Dæmpegård dolmen and at the ruin of Asserbo castle. A memorial celebrating Count Frederik Sehested was erected at Møllegårdsmarken (fig. 3). Later there were also memorials celebrating the architect C.M. Smith at the ruin of Kalø Castle and Svend Dyhre Rasmussen and Axel Steensberg, respectively the finder and the excavator of the medieval village at Borup Ris.Several memorials were erected in the decades around 1900 to commemorate important events or persons in Danish history, for example by Thor Lange. The memorials were often located at sites and monuments that had recently been excavated, for example at Fjenneslev (fig. 4).A large number of memorials commemorate abandoned churches, monasteries, castles or barrows that have now disappeared, for example at the monument (fig. 5) near Bjerringhøj.Memorials were erected in the first half of the 20th century near large prehistoric monuments which also functioned as public meeting places, for example at Glavendrup, Gudbjerglund and Hohøj. Prehistoric monuments, especially dolmens, were also used as models when new memorials were created during the 19th and 20th centuries.Finally, sculptures were produced at the end of the 19th century sculptures where the motif was a famous archaeological find – the golden horns, the girl from Egtved, the sun chariot and the woman from Skrydstrup.In the following, this article will focus on a category of memorials raised to commemorate an archaeological find. In Denmark, 24 archaeological find sites have been marked by a total of 26 monuments (fig. 6). This survey is based on excursions, scanning the literature, googling on the web and contact with colleagues. The monuments are presented chronological, i.e. by date of erection. 1-2) The golden horns from Gallehus: Found in 1639 and 1734; two monu­ments in 1907. 3) The Snoldelev runic stone: Found in c. 1780; monument in 1915. 4) The sun chariot from Trundholm bog: Found in 1902; monument in 1925; renewed in 1962 and moved in 2002. 5) The grave mound from Egtved: Found in 1921; monument in 1930. 6) The Dejbjerg carts. Found in 1881-83; monument in 1933. 7) The Gundestrup cauldron: Found in 1891; wooden stake in 1934; replaced with a monument in 1935. 8) The Bregnebjerg burial ground: Found in 1932; miniature dolmen in 1934. 9) The Brangstrup gold hoard. Found in 1865; monument in 1935.10-11) Maglemose settlements in Mulle­rup bog: Found in 1900-02; two monuments in 1935 and 1936. 12) The Skarpsalling vessel from Oudrup Heath: Found in 1891; monument in 1936. 13) The Juellinge burial ground: Found in 1909; monument in 1937. 14) The Ladby ship: Found in 1935; monument probably in 1937. 15) The Hoby grave: Found in 1920; monument in 1939. 16) The Maltbæk lurs: Found in 1861 and 1863; monument in 1942. 17) Ginnerup settlement: First excavation in 1922; monument in 1945. 18) The golden boats from Nors: Found in 1885; monument in 1945. 19) The Sædinge runic stone: Found in 1854; monument in 1945. 20) The Nydam boat: Found in 1863; monument in 1947. 21) The aurochs from Vig: Found in 1904; monument in 1957. 22) Tollund Man: Found in 1950; wooden stake in 1968; renewed inscription in 2000. 23) The Veksø helmets: Found in 1942; monument in 1992. 24) The Bjæverskov coin hoard. Found in 1999; monument in 1999. 25) The Frydenhøj sword from Hvidovre: Found in 1929; monument in 2001; renewed in 2005. 26) The Bellinge key: Found in 1880; monument in 2003.Two monuments (fig. 7) raised in 1997 at Gallehus, where the golden horns were found, marked a new trend. From then onwards the find itself and its popular finders came into focus. At the same time the classical or old Norse style of the memorials was replaced by simple menhirs or boulders with an inscription and sometimes also an image of the find. One memorial was constructed as a miniature dolmen and a few took the form of a wooden stake.The finds marked by memorials represent a broader spectrum than the top-ten list. They represent all periods from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages over most of Denmark. Memorials were created throughout the 20th century; in greatest numbers in the 1930s and 1940s, but with none between 1968 and 1992.The inscriptions mention what was found and, in most cases, also when it happened. Sometimes the finder is named and, in a few instances, also the person on whose initiative the memorial was erected. The latter was usually a representative part of the political agency of the time. In the 18th and 19th centuries it was the royal family and the aristocracy. In the 20th century it was workers, teachers, doctors, priests, farmers and, in many cases, local historical societies who were responsible, as seen on the islands of Lolland and Falster, where ten memorials were erected between 1936 and 1951 to commemorate historical events, individuals, monuments or finds.The memorial from 2001 at the find site of the Frydenhøj sword in Hvidovre represents an innovation in the tradition of marking history in the landscape. The memorial is a monumental hybrid between signposting and public art (fig. 8). It formed part of a communication project called “History in the Street”, which involved telling the history of a Copenhagen suburb right there where it actually happened.The memorials marking archaeological finds relate to the nation and to nationalism in several ways. The monuments at Gallehus should, therefore, be seen in the context of a struggle concerning both the historical allegiance and future destiny of Schleswig or Southern Jutland. More generally, the national perspective occurs in inscriptions using concepts such as “the people”, “Denmark” and “the Danes”, even if these were irrelevant in prehistory, e.g. when the monument from 1930 at Egtved mentions “A young Danish girl” (fig. 9). This use of the past to legitimise the nation, belongs to the epoch of World War I, World War II and the 1930s. The influence of nationalism was often reflected in the ceremonies when the memorials were unveiled, with speeches, flags and songs.According to Marie Louise Stig Sørensen and Inge Adriansen, prehistoric objects that are applicable as national symbols, should satisfy three criteria. The should: 1) be unusual and remarkable by their technical and artistic quality; 2) have been produced locally, i.e. be Danish; 3) have been used in religious ceremonies or processions. The 26 archaeological finds marked with memorials only partly fit these criteria. The finds also include more ordinary finds: a burial ground, settlements, runic stones, a coin hoard, a sword and a key. Several of the finds were produced abroad: the Gundestrup cauldron, the Brangstrup jewellery and coins and the Hoby silver cups.It is tempting to interpret the Danish cultural canon as a new expression of a national use of the past in the present. Nostalgia, the use of the past and the creation of memorials are often explained as an expression of crisis in society. This seems reasonable for the many memorials from 1915-45 with inscriptions mentioning hope, consolation and darkness. However, why are there no memorials from the economic crisis years of the 1970s and 1980s? It seems as if the past is recalled, when the nation is under threat – in the 1930s and 40s from expansive Germany – and since the 1990s by increased immigration and globalisation.The memorials have in common local loss and local initiative. A treasure was found and a treasure was lost, often to the National Museum in Copenhagen. A treasure was won that contributed to the great narrative of the history of Denmark, but that treasure has also left its original context. The memorials commemorate the finds that have contributed to the narrative of the greatness, age and area of Denmark. The memorials connect the nation and the native place, the capital and the village in a community, where the past is a central concept. The find may also become a symbol of a region or community, for example the sun chariot for Trundholm community and the Gundestrup cauldron for Himmerland.It is almost always people who live near the find site who want to remember what has been found and where. The finds were commemorated by a memorial on average 60 years after their discovery. A longer period elapsed for the golden horns from Gallehus; shortest was at Bjæverskov where the coin hoard was found in March 1999 and a monument was erected in November of the same year.Memorials might seem an old-fashioned way of marking localities in a national topography, but new memorials are created in the same period as many new museums are established.A unique find has no prominent role in archaeological education, research or other work. However, in public opinion treasures and exotic finds are central. Folklore tells of people searching for treasures but always failing. Treasure hunting is restricted by taboos. In the world of archaeological finds there are no taboos. The treasure is found by accident and in spite of various hindrances the find is taken to a museum. The finder is often a worthy person – a child, a labourer or peasant. He or she is an innocent and ordinary person. A national symbol requires a worthy finder. And the find occurs as a miracle. At the find site a romantic relationship is established between the ancestors and their heirs who, by way of a miracle, find fragments of the glorious past of the nation. A paradigmatic example is the finding of the golden horns from Gallehus. Other examples extend from the discovery of the sun chariot in Trundholm bog to the Stone Age settlement at Mullerup bog.The article ends with a catalogue presenting the 24 archaeological find sites that have been marked with monuments in present-day Denmark.Jes WienbergHistorisk arkeologiInstitutionen för Arkeologi och ­Antikens historiaLunds Universitet

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The study was conducted in İzmir, Manisa, Çanakkale, Balıkesir, and Bilecik provinces to determine nematode diversity and vineyard community structure. Thirty-six genera (İzmir 34 genera; Manisa 32 genera; Bilecik 21 genera; Çanakkale 28 genera) with different trophic groups were recorded: fungivores (3 genera; e.g., Aphelenchoides spp.), bacterivores (9 genera, e.g., Achromadora Cobb, 1913 and Plectus Bastian 1865 spp.), omnivore (4 genera; e.g., Aporcelaimus Thorne, 1936 and Dorylaimus Thorne & Swanger, 1936 and Eudorylaimus Andrassy, 1959 spp.), predators (3 genera; e.g., Clarkus spp.), herbivores (17 genera; e.g., Boleodorus tylactus Thorne, 1941). Twenty-six species of herbivores were identified, and the most common species were from the genera Filenchus Andrassy, 1954, Geocenamus Thorne & Malek, 1968; Pratylenchus Filipjev, 1934, and Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945. Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845; Mesorhabditis Osche, 1952; Cephalobus Bastian, 1865; Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924; Mesodorylaimus Andreassy, 1959; Aphelenchus Bastian, 1865, and Ditylenchus Filipjev were other commonly found nematode genera. Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica, Mesocriconema xenoplax, Longidorus elongatus, Xiphinema index, X. italiae, Praylenchus thornei, and P. neglectus, we identified constitute a severe threat to grape production by causing crop damage or transmitting virus diseases.

El presente estudio es parte de una investigación en curso de los copépodos parásitos de peces de las aguas costeras en el Estado de Campeche (sur del Golfo de México). El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir las especies de copépodos parásitos que se encontraron en cinco especies de tiburones: Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839), Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller & Henle, 1839), Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, 1827), Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (Richardson, 1836), y Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, 1758). Aexcepción de R. terraenovae, todas las especies de tiburones estuvieron infectados al menos con una especie de copépodo. Un total de ocho especies de copépodos fueron encontrados: Nesippus orientalis Heller, 1865, Nemesis sp. y Paralebion elongatusWilson C.B., 1911 en C. leucas (n = 6); Tuxophorus caligodesWilson C.B., 1908, Lepeophtheirus longispinosus Wilson C.B., 1908 y Pandarus sinuatus Say, 1818 en C. limbatus (n = 9); Pandarus sp. en C. plumbeus (n = 4); y Eudactylina longispina Bere, 1936 en S. tiburo (n = 24). La ocurrencia de estas especies de copépodos en estos tiburones del Golfo de México constituye nuevos registros de hospedero y extienden su distribución geográfica conocida, y contribuye al conocimiento de la biodiversidad de los copépodos parásitos en México.

Childhood vasculitis is a challenging group of conditions that are often multisystem in nature and may require integrated care from multiple pediatric subspecialists, including cardiologists, dermatologists, gastroenterologists, nephrologists, neurologists, and rheumatologists. Apart from Henoch Schönlein syndrome, recently renamed immunoglobulin A vasculitis, and Kawasaki disease, which are reltively common, there are a number of important but comparatively rare vasculitides affecting children [1-4]. Acute hemorrhagic edema of young children [5-8] is a skin limited nongranulomatous leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis, which usually develops in previously healthy subjects after a simple, mostly viral, febrile illness (more rarely after a vaccination). The condition was initially reported in 1913 by Irving Snow in the United States and in 1936 by Mario Del Carril in Argentina [5,6]. The most comprehensive descriptions, however, were made in Germany before the Second World War by Heinrich Finkelstein (1865–1942) and later by Hubert Seidlmayer (1910–1965). A significant description was also made in 1942 by Marcel Lelong (1892-1973) in France [5,6]. Acute hemorrhagic edema has been known with a variety of synonyms: acute hemorrhagic edema of young children (or infancy), cockade (or iris-like) purpura and edema of young children, Henoch–Schönlein syndrome of early childhood, Finkelstein-Seidlmayer syndrome, Finkelstein syndrome and Seidlmayer syndrome [5,6,8].

Âşık edebiyatı, İslamiyet öncesi ozan-baksı geleneği ile İslamiyet’in kabulünden sonra teşekkül eden tekke edebiyatının biçimsel ve tematik verimlerinden yararlanarak yeniden yapılanmıştır. XVI. yüzyılda bağımsız bir sosyo-kültürel kurum kimliği ile karşımıza çıkan âşık edebiyatı, bu asırdan itibaren önemli temsilciler yetiştirmiştir. Zamanla gelişip zenginleşen bu edebî geleneğin XIX. yüzyıldaki temsilcilerinden biri de Nâilî (Mustafa/ D. 1865-Ö. 1936)’dir. Çankırı’nın Ilgaz ilçesinde doğan Nâilî, belli bir süre medrese eğitimi almış daha sonra dönemin bazı önemli âşıkları ile tanışarak onların izinden gitmeyi tercih etmiştir. Nâilî, ömrünün büyük bir kısmını Çankırı ve Kastamonu gibi âşık edebiyatının XIX. yüzyıldaki önemli merkezlerinde geçirmiş, Kastamonulu Kemâlî ile Geredeli Figânî’ye çıraklık etmiştir. Halk edebiyatı geleneği içinde yetişen şair, hece vezninin yanı sıra aruz vezniyle de şiirler yazmış, şiirlerinde divan edebiyatı unsurlarını başarıyla kullanmıştır. Sanatını saz eşliğinde diyar diyar gezerek icra eden Nâilî, büyük bir çoğunluğu çağdaşı olan âşıkların şiirleri olmakla birlikte divan edebiyatı şairlerinin şiirlerine ve kendi şiirlerine de yer verdiği bir mecmua derlemiştir. Nâilî’nin hayatı, edebî kişiliği ve derlediği şiir mecmuası hakkında bilgilerin verildiği bu çalışma üç kısımdan oluşmaktadır. İlk bölümde gerek kaynaklarda yer alan gerek Nâilî’nin üçüncü kuşak torunu Mehmet Kayılı’nın verdiği bilgilerden istifade edilerek şairin hayatı ve şiirlerinden yola çıkılarak edebî kimliği ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde şairin bizzat kendisinin derlediği şiir mecmuası tanıtılmış, üçüncü bölümde ise söz konusu mecmuada yer alan Nâilî’ye ait şiirlerden bir kısmı transkripsiyon yöntemiyle neşredilmiştir.

The genus is distributed in Europe, Asia, Africa and Australia. Almost 50 species are known in the Palearctic (Löbl, Löbl, 2016), 2 of them occur on the territory of Ukraine. Habroloma nanum (Paykull, 1799) is widely distributed in Europe (Löbl, Löbl, 2016). The species is a leaf miner of the Geranium sanguineum (Bílý, 2002). Mentioned from Sambir (Nowicki, 1858, 1864, 1865), Kyiv and Volyn provinces (gubernias) (Hochhuth, 1871, Якобсон, 1905), Galicia (Łomnicki, 1884), Buchach (Łomnicki, 1886), Zarvanytsia (Rybiński, 1903), Hrushka (Gruschkowski Zuckerfabrik in orig.) – Holovanivskyi district, Kirovohradska state province (Pjatakowa, 1930), Uzhhorod (Roubal, 1936, Kaszab, 1940), Burshtyn vicinity (Kasova Mount) (Загайкевич, 1978), Poltava (Kletečka, 2009), Kyiv vicinity, Lviv, NR Medobory (Прохоров, 2010). Habroloma breiti (Obenberger, 1918) is distributed in Ukraine, in the south of the European part of Russia, in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Siberia (Löbl, Löbl, 2016). The species is a leaf miner of the Geranium pratense L. (Прохоров, 2010). Mentioned from Ivano-Frankivsk (as Habroloma nanum) (Łomnicki, 1879), Ivano-Frankivsk vicinity (Zahvizdia) (Kuntze, Noskiewicz, 1938, Загайкевич, 1978), Poltava (Kuntze, Noskiewicz, 1938, Kletečka, 2009), Poltavska, Kharkivska, Luhanska state provinces (Рихтер, 1944), Sumska, Kharkivska, Donetska state provinces (Прохоров, 2010). In the collection of the State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Scienses of Ukraine (SMNH) are stored 10 specimens of both species collected in Ivano-Frankivska state province and Crimea. The findings are collected by the following collectors M. Łomnicki, I. Zahaikevych, L. Skorobohata in the period of ~1879 – middle of XX century.

Tendo como suporte teórico os estudos pós-coloniais, este artigo investiga a aplicabilidade do conceito de alteridade (BONNICI, 2005, p. 15) em “Beyond the Pale”, uma das consagradas narrativas de Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936). O escritor hindo-britânico, filho de pais ingleses, nasceu no ápice da Índia colonizada, testemunhando o impacto e a força do aparato imperialista inglês na região, e sua obra se tornou, igualmente, testemunha deste fato histórico. Em consonância com outros conceitos da teoria pós-colonial, que serão discutidos ao longo deste trabalho, a ideia de alteridade consegue fortalecer as explícitas denúncias sobre a violência durante a invasão de caráter colonial na Índia, cujas alterações socioculturais se fazem presentes em peso neste conto de Kipling como características narrativas centrais do autor. Ao resgatar a questão colonial da Índia – o processo instaurado durante quase 250 anos pelos ingleses –, pretendemos reinterpretar o papel da mulher indiana durante esse período, quem, protagonizada por Bisesa, parece estar relegada a uma condição social duas vezes subalterna, portanto, triplamente sem voz nem oportunidade ou direito à fala (GUHA, 1983; SPIVAK, 1988 apud FIGUEIREDO, 2010): a de nativa em uma sociedade colonizada, a de mulher em uma sociedade machista e a de viúva nesta mesma sociedade. O diálogo íntimo entre a denúncia de Kipling e a perspectiva pós-colonial de apuração das reverberações do colonialismo aguçam a necessidade de se reavaliar obras em que fica clara a exploração cultural, social, econômica e, sobretudo, mental/identitária sofrida pelas populações de países colonizados, recuperando registros indispensáveis para a compreensão do que foi na prática a investida colonial europeia, no ângulo, é claro, daqueles que foram as vítimas e a quem por séculos foi forçado o silêncio.

На современном этапе темпы изучения средневекового периода в истории Западного Забайкалья значительно спали. В настоящей статье приводятся предварительные материалы раскопок трех средневековых погребений двух новых могильников – Нижний Мангиртуй, пункт 1 и 2 и Нур-Тухум, пункт 2. Актуальным остается вопрос культурной атрибуции погребений эпохи средневековья и определение их хронологической позиции. Предлагается сузить хронологические рамки раннемонгольской археологической культуры с сохранением хойцегорской и саянтуйской этапов. Эпоху Великой империи XIII-XIV вв., следующей вслед за раннемонгольской культурой, предложено называть монгольским временем. Решение стоящих перед археологией вопросов хронологии средневековья Бурятии видится в усилении работы по радиоуглеродной датировке погребальных и поселенческих комплексов. ЛИТЕРАТУРАБичурин Н.Я. (Иакинф) Записки о Монголии. СПб., 1828. Т.2. 241 с. Дашибалов Б.Б. Археологические памятники курыкан и хори. Улан-Удэ: БНЦ СО РАН, 1995. 191 с.Дашибалов Б.Б. На монголо-тюркском пограничье (Этнокультурные процессы в Юго-Восточной Сибири в средние века). Улан-Удэ: БНЦ СО РАН, 2005. 202 с.Дашибалов Б.Б. Древности хори-монголов: хунно-сяньбийское наследие Байкальской Сибири. Улан-Удэ: Бурятский госуниверситет, 2011. 174 с.Дашибалов Б.Б. Об этнической принадлежности могил саянтуйского типа Юго-Восточной Сибири // Бурятия: проблемы региональной истории и исторического образования. Ч. 1. / отв. ред. Т. Е. Санжиева, С. В. Бураева, Ю. Б. Санданов. Улан-Удэ: Бурят. госуниверситет, 2001. С. 58−67.Дебец Г.Ф. Могильник железного периода у с. Зарубино // Бурятиеведение. 1926. №2. С. 14−16.История Бурятии: в 3 т. Т.1. Древность и средневековье / Гл. ред. Б. В. Базаров. Улан-Удэ: Изд-во БНЦ СО РАН, 2011. 328 с.История Сибири: Том 2: Железный век и Средневековье / отв. ред. В.И. Молодин. Новосибирск: ИАЭТ СО РАН, 2019. 643 с.Кириллов Н.В. Несколько указаний на археологические остатки в Верхнеудинском округе // Известия ВСОИРГО. 1897. Т. 28. Вып. 2. С. 136−143.Кызласов Л.Р. Средневековые памятники Западного Забайкалья (IX−X вв.) // Степи Евразии в эпоху средневековья / Археология СССР / Отв. ред. С.А. Плетнева. М.: Наука, 1981. С. 59−61.Лбова Л.В. Отчет об археологическом обследовании долины р. Хилок в 1987 г. (Бичурский район, Бурятская АССР). Улан-Удэ, 1988. 93 с. // НОА ИА РАН. Ф-1. Р-1. № 12198.Лопатин И.А. Краткий отчет о действиях Витимской экспедиции в 1865 г. // Записки ВСОРГО. 1867. Кн. 9. C. 508−526.Окладников А.П. Очерки из истории западных бурят-монголов (XVII−XVIII вв.) Л., 1937. 428 с.Окладников А.П. Предварительное сообщение об археологических разведках в окрестностях Кабанска // Окладников А.П. История и культура Бурятии. Улан-Удэ: Бурятское кн.изд-во, 1976. С. 276−279.Сосновский Г.П. Краткий отчет о летней работе археол. отряда Бурят-Монгольской экспедиции АН СССР в 1928 г. // Бурятиеведение. 1928. № 4. С. 162−166.Сосновский Г.П. Археологическая Бурят-Монгольской экспедиция // Отчет о деятельности Академии наук СССР за 1929 год. Вып. 2. / сост. В. Л. Комаров. Л.: АН СССР, 1930. С. 153−155.Сосновский Г.П. Итоги работ Бурят-Монгольского Археологического отряда АН СССР в 1928-1929 гг. // Проблемы Бурят-Монгольской АССР. Т.2. М.-Л.:АН СССР, 1936. С. 318–321.Степи Евразии в эпоху средневековья // Археология СССР / Отв. ред. С.А. Плетнева. М.: Наука, 1981. 301 с.Талько-Грынцевич Ю.Д. Материалы к палеоэтнологии Забайкалья // Тр. Троицкосавско-Кяхтинского отделения Приамур. отд. Рус. геогр. об-ва . вып. 3. М., 1900. С. 48−50.Талько-Грынцевич Ю.Д. Население древних могил и кладбищ забайкальских // Бурятиеведение. 1928. № 1−3 (5−7). С. 91−103.Талько-Грынцевич Ю.Д. Материалы к палеоэтнологии Забайкалья. Археологические памятники сюнну, вып. 4. СПб.: Фонд "Азиатика", 1999. 123 с.Хамзина Е.А. Археологические памятники Западного Забайкалья (Поздние кочевники). Улан-Удэ, 1970. 142 с.