Academic literature on the topic '1865-1907'

A review of the stick and leaf insects of Sulawesi, Peleng Island and the Sula islands is presented, along with complete checklists of species. The genera Hemiplasta Redtenbacher, 1908 and Nesiophasma Günther, 1934 are reviewed in detail and distinguishing keys to all known species are provided. Distinguishing keys are also provided to the Sulawesian species of Dimorphodes Westwood, 1859 and Nescicroa Karny, 1923. The latter genus is removed from synonymy with Paranecroscia Redtenbacher, 1908 and re-established as a valid genus (rev. stat.), with a new diagnosis and a preliminary list of species provided. As a result, 17 species are here transferred back to Nescicroa (rev. comb.). The genus Cylindomena Günther, 1935 is removed from synonymy with Parasipyloidea Redtenbacher, 1908 and re-established as a valid genus (rev. stat.). Consequently, the two species originally attributed to Cylindomena are re-transferred to the genus (rev. comb.). A new diagnosis along with a list of species is also given for the genus Myronides Stål, 1875, which is shown to be geographically restricted to Wallacea. Three new genera in Lonchodidae: Lonchodinae are described from Sulawesi. Gibbopromachus n. gen. is established only for the type-species Pericentrus tripinnatus Redtenbacher, 1908, a species restricted to mossy, mountainous habitats in North Sulawesi; consequently this species now becomes Gibbopromachus tripinnatus (Redtenbacher, 1908) n. comb.. The new genus Neomyronides n. gen. (Type-species: Pseudostheneboea aberrans emiri Hennemann, 1998) is established to comprise three species that have previously been misplaced in other genera. Paramanduria n. gen. is erected to comprise its type-species Neopromachus celebensis Günther, 1935 as well as Prisomera nodosum Günther, 1938; hence these two species change to Paramanduria celebensis (Günther, 1935) n. comb. and Paramanduria nodosum (Günther, 1938) n. comb.. Twenty-two new species are described, 14 from Sulawesi, one from the Togian islands, five from the island of Peleng and two from the island of Sanana. Sulawesi: Dimorphodes elegans n. sp. is decribed from the male and female, Hemiplasta flavifrons n. sp. from the male, Hemiplasta parva n. sp. from the male, Leprocaulinus digitatus n. sp. from the female, Leprocaulinus sulawesiense n. sp. from the male, female and egg, Mnesilochus bodiense n. sp. from the male, Mnesilochus luwuense n. sp. from the female, Myronides tomohonense n. sp. from the male and female, Necroscia malleoformia n. sp. from the male, Nescicroa splendida n. sp. from the male and female, Periphetes borealis n. sp. from the male, Ramulus extensus n. sp. from the male, Ramulus melanurus n. sp. from the male and Ramulus torajanus n. sp. from the male, female and egg. Togian Islands: Ramulus togianense n. sp. is described from both sexes and the eggs. Peleng: Myronides glaucus n. sp., Nesiophasma giganteum n. sp. and Ramulus pelengense n. sp. are described from both sexes and the eggs, Orthomeria limogesi n. sp. from the male and female and Pylaemenes pleurospinosus n. sp. from the female only. Sanana Island: Myronides pussulatus n. sp. and Nesiophasma sananaense n. sp. are described only from the female sex. Ten species are synonymised (n. syn.): Calvisia (Conocalvisia) octolineata Redtenbacher, 1908 and Calvisia (Conocalvisia) reductipennis Redtenbacher, 1908 synonymised with Calvisia (Conocalvisia) hippolyte (Westwood, 1859); Lonchodes reductus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 synonymised with Myronides cristulatus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907; Necroscia albofasciata Redtenbacher, 1908 synonymised with Nescicroa smaragdula (Bates, 1865); Necroscia densegranulosa Redtenbacher, 1908 and Sipyloidea (Hemiplasta) falcata Redtenbacher, 1908 synonymised with Hemiplasta mustea (Bates, 1865) n. comb.; Paranecroscia frontalis (Redtenbacher, 1908) synonymised with Nescicroa viridilineata (Bates, 1865); Paranecroscia graminea (Bates, 1865: 356), here synonymised with Nescicroa smaragdula (Bates, 1865); Ramulus melanocephalus (Carl, 1913) synonymised with Ramulus supernumerarius (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907); Sipyloidea felderi Redtenbacher, 1908 synonymised with Singaporoidea poeciloptera (Rehn, 1904) n. comb.. Six subspecies are raised (n. stat.) or re-transferred (rev. stat.) to species level: Dimorphodes celebensis Redtenbacher, 1908 rev. stat., Dimorphodes sarasini Redtenbacher, 1908 rev. stat., Hermagoras celebensis (Hennemann, 1998) n. stat., Leprocaulinus mammatus (Rehn, 1904) rev. stat., n. comb., Neomyronides emiri (Hennemann, 1998) n. comb., n. stat., Nescicroa rufescens (Hennemann, 1998) n. stat.. Hemiplasta rostrata (Redtenbacher, 1908) is removed from synonymy with Hemiplasta styligera (Bates, 1865) and Sipyloidea normalis Redtenbacher, 1908) is removed from synonymy with Sipyloidea poeciloptera Rehn, 1904; both are re-established as a valid species (rev. stat.). 37 species are transferred to other genera (n. comb.): Asceles morio (Redtenbacher, 1908), Asceles roseonotata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Dimorphodes epidicus (Günther, 1935), Gibbopromachus tripinnatus (Redtenbacher, 1908), Hemiplasta mustea (Bates, 1865), Hemiplasta nigra (Hennemann, 1998), Leprocaulinus heinrichi (Günther, 1935), Leprocaulinus kaupii (Stål, 1875), Leprocaulinus mammatus (Rehn, 1904), Lopaphus ashmeadi (Rehn, 1904), Lopaphus baucis (Westwood, 1859), Lopaphus elegans (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), Lopaphus magnificus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), Myronides batesii (Kirby, 1896), Neomyronides aberrans (Günther, 1938), Neomyronides emiri (Hennemann, 1998), Neomyronides obsolefactum (Günther, 1935), Nescicroa ruficeps (Redtenbacher, 1908), Ophicrania bojei (Haan, 1842), Paramanduria celebensis (Günther, 1935), Paramanduria nodosum (Günther, 1938), Phraortes curvithorax (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), Ramulus supernumerarius (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907), Rhamphosipyloidea tristis (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea albilateralis (Hennemann, 1998), Singaporoidea dolorosa (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea fruhstorferi (Günther, 1938), Singaporoidea inconspicua (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea janus (Bates, 1865), Singaporoidea lutea (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea macra (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea normalis (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea poeciloptera (Rehn, 1904), Singaporoidea pseudosipylus laevis (Günther, 1936), Singaporoidea pseudosipylus pseudosipylus (Redtenbacher, 1908), Singaporoidea pumila (Werner, 1934) and Singaporoidea tenella (Günther, 1935). 20 species are transferred back to the genera they have been placed in previously (rev. comb.): Cylindomena acuminata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Cylindomena scalprifera Günther, 1935, Nescicroa angustata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa compacta (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa contracta (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa heinrichi (Günther, 1935), Nescicroa obliterata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa papuana (Brancsik, 1898), Nescicroa rammei (Günther, 1935), Nescicroa redempta (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa resignata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa rivalis (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa rufescens (Hennemann, 1998), Nescicroa sanguinata (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa smaragdula (Bates, 1865), Nescicroa tereticollis (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa terminalis (Redtenbacher, 1908), Nescicroa tumescens (Redtenbacher, 1908) and Nescicroa viridilineata (Bates, 1865). The world‘s longest stick insect Phobaeticus chani Bragg, 2008 is removed from the genus Sadyattes Stål, 1877 (Platycraninae: Stephanacridini) and transferred back to its original genus Phobaeticus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 (Clitumninae: Clitumnini) rev. comb.. Lectotypes are designated for 17 species: Aruanoidea inconspicua Redtenbacher, 1908; Calvisia octo-lineata Redtenbacher, 1908; Calvisia reductipennis Redtenbacher, 1908; Clitumnus redemptus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907; Cuniculina melanocephala Carl, 1913; Datames moluccanus Redtenbacher, 1906; Dimorphodes bellicosus Redtenbacher, 1908; Dimorphodes celebensis Redtenbacher, 1908; Myronides cristulatus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907; Necroscia frontalis Redtenbacher, 1908; Necroscia viridilineata Bates, 1865; Phobaeticus kuehni Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907; Phryganistria plateni Dohrn, 1910; Sipyloidea felderi Redtenbacher, 1908; Sipyloidea normalis Redtenbacher, 1908; Sipyloidea (Hemiplasta) falcata Redtenbacher, 1908; and Sipyloidea (Hemiplasta) rostrata Redtenbacher, 1908. The male of Hemiplasta styligera (Bates, 1865) and Paracyphocrania major Hennemann, Conle & Suzuki, 2015 are described and illustrated for the first time and information on the natural habitats, host plants and life-cycle of the latter species in Peleng are provided. The egg of Dimorphodes sarasini Redtenbacher, 1908 is described and illustrated for the first time.

The genus Andraca Walker, 1865, is divided into two subgenera, one of them new: Chrypathemola Zolt., subgen. nov. (typespecies Andraca apodecta Swinhoe, 1907). The following new species are described: Andraca draco, sp. nov. (from Java);Andraca lawa, sp. nov. (from Palawan), Andraca paradisea, sp. nov. (from Philippines), Andraca chrysocollis, sp. nov. (fromPhilippines) and Andraca (Chrypathemola) nobilorum, sp. nov. (from Vietnam). A male lectotype for Andraca bipunctataWalker, 1865 is designated from the collection of ZMHU; this designation led to the new synonymy: Andraca bipunctata Walker, 1865 = Andraca angulata Kishida, 1993, syn. nov. The systematics of the family Bombycidae is briefly discussed.

Es werden die wichtigsten Etappen der Technik der Darmnaht beschrieben: Einfache Lembert-Naht und deren Vorläufer, Zweireihige Naht, Adaptierende einreihige Naht. Etwas ausführlicher dargestellt werden die Beiträge von Ph.F. Ramdohr, Wolfenbüttel 1727, A. Lembert, Paris 1826, F. Wydler, Aarau 1865, und Th. Kocher, Bern 1878-1907.

After educating in Loznica, Sabac, Belgrade and Vienna, Jovan Cvijic (Loznica 1865, Belgrade 1927) became a full-professor on a High school which turned into University in Belgrade in 1905 (Jovan Cvijic rector in 1906-1907 and 1919-1920). As a professor and scientist he noted one epoch with important inventions and that?s the reason why even today are considered results oh his investigations in Serbia and Balkan peninsula. The biggest number of information about teaching and science Jovan Cvijic permitted in article "About Science Work and Our University", which was printed in 1907.

Abstract in 1865 a manual was published for organists and worship leaders in the German Moravian Church, with later editions and additions until 1907. These editions give us insight into the development of Moravian choral music in Germany in the second half of the 19th century. The author argues that whereas the 1865 edition was an attempt to codify the Moravian music tradition in a time of change, the 1891 edition was the attempt to break free from the constraints of the past and to open up the tradition for all the new musical developments that were taking place within and outside of the Moravian Church.

A total of 73 species of Argia Rambur, 1842 are reported as present from Mexico, Central America and the Lesser Antilles, of which five are new to science and are described here: Argia annae n. sp. (holotype ♂: MEXICO, Veracruz, Puente Texolo, roadside seepages near bridge, 19.4028°N, 96.9867°W, 1065 m, 17 June 2009, Rosser W. Garrison & Natalia von Ellenrieder leg., in CSCA), Argia gonzalezi n. sp. (holotype ♂: MEXICO, Chiapas, 3.5 mi east of Rayón, stream, approximately 17.2058°N, 92.9700°W, 1676 m, 16 July 1965, Dennis R. Paulson leg., in CNIN), A. noveloi n. sp. (holotype ♂: MEXICO, Veracruz, Puente Texolo, 19.4028°N, 96.9867°W, 1065 m, 26 August 1988, Rosser W. Garrison leg., in INECOL), A. paludicola n. sp. (holotype ♂: U. S. A., Arizona, Apache County, Bog Tank, north of Highway 260, 34.0467°N, 109.683°W, 1400 m, 1 July 2016, Pierre Deviche leg., in CSCA) and A. paulsoni n. sp. (holotype ♂: COSTA RICA, San José, 7.5 km northeast of Londres, on road to Rancho Tinamú Lodge, 9.4856°N, 83.9911°W, 700 m, 5 July 2019, William A. Haber leg., in UNH). Redescriptions of male and female are provided for the following species: Argia calida (Hagen, 1861), A. chelata Calvert, 1902, A. deami Calvert, 1902, A. fulgida Navás, 1934, A. herberti Calvert, 1902, A. johannella Calvert, 1907, A. mayi González-Soriano, 2012, A. percellulata Calvert, 1902, A. pocomana Calvert, 1907, A. rogersi Calvert, 1902, A. talamanca Calvert, 1907, A. terira Calvert, 1907, A. underwoodi Calvert, 1907, and A. variabilis Selys, 1865. All 73 species are measured, illustrated, and distinguished from their congeners. The following synonymies are suggested based on examination of type material: A. wilsoni Calvert, 1902, a junior synonym of A. calida (Hagen, 1861), A. plana Calvert, 1902, a junior synonym of A. funebris (Hagen, 1861), and A. trifoliata Fraser, 1942 (Fig. 736), a junior synonym of A. variegata Förster, 1914. Lectotypes are designated for Agrion calidum Hagen, 1861, Agrion funebris Hagen, 1861, and Argia variabilis Selys, 1865. Keys to the 73 known Argia species from Mexico, Middle America and the Lesser Antilles are provided as well as distribution maps based on an examination of over 16,000 specimens.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Sociais, Departamento de Sociologia, 2006.
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O presente estudo tem como tema a influência do movimento ultramontano sobre as práticas e manifestações do catolicismo popular goiano nos anos de 1865 a 1907, que perfaz os bispados desde D. Joaquim Gonçalves de Azevedo (1865-1876), percorre o de D. Cláudio José Ponce de Leão (1881-1890) até o de D. Eduardo Duarte da Silva (1891-1907). Os objetivos são os de descrever e analisar o que foi transformado e/ou mantido em meio às manifestações religiosas permeadas pelo catolicismo oficial e pelo popular, tendo como prisma teórico a sociologia religiosa weberiana. As fontes documentais foram extraídas de Cartas Pastorais, relatos de Visitas Pastorais, da auto-biografia de D. Eduardo, de jornais de época e de contribuições de historiadores que lidaram com temas pertinentes ao desta pesquisa. Relatos de viajantes do século XIX também contribuíram para a reconstrução do período selecionado, que teve influência de eventos católicos como o Concílio de Trento, a Encíclica Syllabus e o Concílio Vaticano I. O catolicismo reformado intentou reorganizar a administração, a liturgia e a doutrina católicas para impor o formato e a orientação do catolicismo oficial às irmandades e confrarias, organizações leigas representantes do catolicismo popular goiano que se situava em cenário agrário, pobre e isolado. Foram priorizadas, para se identificar a influência do ultramontanismo sobre as práticas populares, pelo fato de constituir em maiores subsídios de pesquisa, as festas populares do Divino Espírito Santo de Pirenópolis e a do Divino Pai Eterno de Trindade, o que caracteriza o estudo como histórico e sociológico. A conclusão diz respeito à manutenção da natureza mágica no catolicismo popular goiano do recorte em função da preponderância dos rituais populares não substituídos pelas doutrina e liturgia oficiais. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The present study has as theme the influence of the movement of the ultramontanism about the practices and manifestations of the Catholicism popular in Goiás in the years from 1865 to 1907, that is included in the bishoprics from D. Joaquim Gonçalves de Azevedo (1865-1876), it travels the one of D. Cláudio José Ponce de Leão (1881-1890) until the one of D. Eduardo Duarte da Silva (1891- 1907). The objectives are the ones of to describe and to analyze what was maintained amid the religious manifestations permeated by the official Catholicism or was transformed and for the popular, tends as theoretical prism the weberian religious sociology. The documental sources were extracted of Pastoral Letters, reports of Pastoral Visits, of D. Eduardo's solemnity-biography, of time newspapers and of historians' contributions that worked with pertinent themes to the of this research. Travelers' of the century reports XIX also contributed to the reconstruction of the selected period, that had influence of Catholic events as the Council of Trento, the Syllabus Encyclical and the Vaticano I Council. The reformed Catholicism he/she attempted to reorganize the administration, the liturgy and the Catholic doctrine to impose the format and the orientation of the official Catholicism to the fraternities and brotherhoods, organizations lay representatives of the Catholicism popular in Goiás that located in agrarian, poor and isolated scenery. They were prioritized, to identify the influence of the ultramontanism on the popular practices, for the fact of constituting in larger research subsidies, the popular parties of the Divino Espírito Santo de Pirenópolis and the one of the Divino Pai Eterno de Trindade, what characterizes the study as historical and sociological. The conclusion says respect to the maintenance of the magic nature in the Catholicism popular in Goiás of the cutting in function of the preponderance of the popular rituals not substituted by the doctrine and liturgy officials. ___________________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉ
La présente étude a pour thème l'influence du mouvement ultramontain sur les pratiques et les manifestations du catholicisme populaire goiano de 1865 à 1907, et couvre les évéchés de D. Joaquim Gonçalves de Azevedo (1865-1876), de D. Cláudio José Ponce de Leão (1881-1890) et de D. Eduardo Duarte Da Silva (1891-1907). La description et l'analyse de ce qui a été transformé et/ou maintenu dans le cadre des manifestations religieuses traversées par le catholicisme officiel et par le populaire ont été réalisées ayant pour prisme théorique la sociologie religieuse wébérienne. Les sources documentaires ont été extraites de Lettres Pastorales, de récits de Visites Pastorales, de l'autobiographie de D. Eduardo, de journaux d'époque et de contributions d'historiens qui traitaient de sujets pertinents à celui de cette recherche. Des récits de voyageurs du XIXe siècle ont aussi contribué à la reconstruction de la période sélectionnée, qui a été influencée par des évènements catholiques comme le Concile de Trento, l'Encyclique Syllabus et le Concile Vatican I. Le catholicisme réformé a essayé de réorganiser l'administration, la liturgie et la doctrine catholiques pour imposer le format et l'orientation du catholicisme officiel aux fraternités et aux confréries, organisations laïques représentatives du catholicisme populaire goiano qui se situait sur un plan agraire, pauvre et isolé. Pour identifier l'influence de l'ultramontanisme sur les pratiques populaires, par le fait de se constituer en plus grandes subventions de recherche, on a donné priorité aux fêtes populaires du Divino Espírito Santo de Pirenópolis et du Divino Pai Eterno de Trindade, ce qui caractérise l'étude comme historique et sociologique. La réponse au problème est liée à la manutention de la nature magique dans le catholicisme populaire goiano en fonction de la prépondérence des rituels populaires qui n'ont pas été substitués par la doctrine et la liturgie officielles.

Les trois poètes majeurs de l’ère moderne en Angleterre, W. B. Yeats, T. S Eliot et W. H. Auden, au delà de leur identité poétique propre ont en commun d’avoir consacré une partie significative de leur carrière au théâtre. Leurs contributions à l’art dramatique ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études au moment de leur gloire, mais caractérisées par l’inscription de leur parcours dans le genre contestable de théâtre en vers (« verse drama »). Une telle approche nie la spécificité moderniste de leur réflexion et de leur pratique du théâtre, en particulier en négligeant l’importance des problématiques européennes d’un théâtre utopique, que l’on trouve à la fois chez Wagner et Mallarmé. L’objet de cette thèse est d’intégrer la dimension utopique à une relecture des œuvres de ces poètes, qu’elles soient explicitement destinées à la scène, ou qu‘elles contiennent une théâtralité latente, avec comme horizon une redéfinition de leur place dans l’histoire du théâtre britannique
The three major English-speaking poets of the modern age, W. B. Yeats, T. S. Eliot and W. H. Auden have all devoted a significant part of their careers to the theatre. There were many studies of their contributions to drama at the time of their success, but the concept of “verse drama”, which was coined to characterize them, has proved of doubtful value. It denies the specifically modernist nature of their reflection and a approach to the theatre, particularly by underestimating the importance of the European theories of drama as utopia, such as Wagner’s and Mallarmé’s. The aim of the present thesis is to offer a new reading of the dramatic works of these poets, whether they were explicitly intended for the stage or they are implicitly dramatic in form and content, taking into account their utopian dimension and attempting to redefine their place in the history of British drama

L'auteur se propose d'étudier, à travers l'œuvre théorique d'écrivains mineurs aujourd'hui oubliés, les conceptions idéologiques et esthétiques de la bourgeoisie cultivée en Allemagne entre 1890 et 1933. Dans ce contexte, il est particulièrement attentif à l'intrusion d'éléments fascisants dans une pensée idéaliste et conservatrice au départ. Parallèlement, en matière d'esthétique, il montre que le recours aux traditions classiques et romantiques aboutit à la défense d'un classicisme "monumental" et d'un art "populaire" né du "sang et du sol". Les distorsions que subit l'héritage du passé lors de son assimilation par la droite littéraire au début du siècle sont analysées de façon systématique dans une première partie, consacrée, pour l'essentiel, à Julius Langbehn et Friedrich Lienhard. On y trouve l'inventaire des réactions conservatrices face à la modernité critique de la civilisation industrielle et capitaliste, de la démocratie, du naturalisme. . . ), et l'esquisse des solutions envisagées (nostalgies agraires, maintien de structures politiques et sociales archaïques, revalorisation du passé culturel. . . ). Un nationalisme exacerbé qui ne cache ni ses velléités impérialistes ni son antisémitisme, donne à ces tentatives en faveur du "renouveau allemand» une coloration volkisch. Des tendances comparables ont marqué l'œuvre de Paul Ernst dont l'itinéraire est retracé dans la deuxième partie. Mais ici, on voit le conservatisme, traumatisé par l'expérience de la première guerre mondiale, évoluer en courant "révolutionnaire" désireux d'en finir avec l'ère "bourgeoise". Cependant, jamais la distance par rapport à l'idéologie nationale-socialiste n'est totalement abolie. À l'ambiguïté des positions politiques, culturelles et religieuses correspond l'accueil que le régime hitlérien a réservé aux auteurs en question, dont l'intégration dans la culture officielle du 3e Reich s'explique par la nécessité de composer avec les milieux ayant favorisé son avènement.

The geologist James Hector (1834-1907) was, by any measure, the most important and influential scientist in nineteenth century New Zealand. In the mid 1860s, he became the first Director of the New Zealand Geological Survey and the Colonial Museum. Thereafter he ran the Colonial Laboratory, set up the Meteorological Service and the Wellington Botanical Gardens and was responsible for the establishment of the New Zealand Institute, acting as its manager and editor of its Transactions and Proceedings for more than 30 years. This work explores the formative years of his career from his early years in Scotland, his experiences with the Palliser Expedition in Canada, and pivotally, his first four years in New Zealand as the first Otago Provincial Geologist. By the time of James Hector�s entry as a medical student to Edinburgh University in 1852, he had already developed a strong interest in natural history, particularly geology. Although he graduated M.D. from Edinburgh in 1856, that course of study served only as a means of access to the natural sciences. Hector�s interest and training in geology developed at an opportune time, when there was increasing demand for geologists to explore the expanding industrial British Empire for coal and other mineral raw materials. Hector�s reputation in geology in Edinburgh brought him to the attention of that most influential British geologist, Sir Roderick Murchison, whose recommendation led to his appointment to the British North American Expedition of 1857 (the Palliser Expedition). Hector was acknowledged, on several counts, as a major contributor to the success of the expedition. When the Otago Provincial Government in New Zealand requested advice on the appointment of a geologist for the province, Murchison predictably proposed Hector. Having reviewed and assessed his work in North America, this thesis deals with the arrival of Hector as Otago Provincial Geologist in Dunedin during the prosperity of the gold rush of the early 1860s. For the first nine months he explored the central and eastern areas of the Province (Chapter 2) and the following year led the exploration of the West Coast, where there was potential for coal, gold and timber-and reputedly copper-and the prospect of providing a commercial route to Melbourne. The two month long expedition up the Matukituki Valley preceded the exploration by ship of the West Coast of the South Island as far north as Martins Bay. The latter became a major triumph on the strength of the contemporary perception of a route between Queenstown and Martins Bay potentially opening up a direct contact between Dunedin and Melbourne. From mid-1864, Hector�s life was governed by the organisation of the International Exhibition, which opened in Dunedin in January 1865. In that context, he travelled to seek support and participation from the other provinces of New Zealand, a political and administrative commission which he combined with geological exploration. After the closure of the successful Exhibition in May 1865 and subsequent to the conclusion of his appointment on 1st April 1865, Hector left Otago in August to take up the newly created post of Director of the New Zealand Geological Survey in Wellington. The parting was not administratively smooth and relations between Hector and the Otago Provincial Government were strained by the lack of a final, definitive, report on the Geology of Otago. An overview of Hector�s geology, specifically his interest in coal and gold, and the evolution of his views on the vexed question of the role of glaciers as geomorphologic agents is provided. James Hector was a man of versatile ability and strong leadership. His scientific skills as a field geologist and the administrative abilities, developed during his explorations in British North America and southern New Zealand, led ultimately to his long and successful career as New Zealand�s chief scientist at a formative time in its history.

This chapter recounts the three years that Samuel Hirszenberg spent in Kraków, a period that began with much excitement, though also sadness over the death of his parents in 1906 and 1907. The chapter emphasizes that it is also a period in which Hirszenberg produced several engaging paintings and a group of portraits depicting the individuals he encountered and inspired. The chapter follows the early years of the twentieth century in which Hirszenberg continued his involvement in Jewish themes alongside landscapes, portraits, and his decorative cycle for the Poznański palace. It highlights the articles on Hirszenberg that introduced him as a ‘Jewish artist’, in keeping with the journal's own mission of promoting a pan-Jewish identity. The chapter elaborates on the certain shift in Hirszenberg's portrait paintings, which may have been the result of his interaction with the younger artists working in his vicinity, notably Leopold Gottlieb and Jerzy Merkel.