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Journal articles on the topic "1851-1919"

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HAAS, L. F. "Andre Chantemesse (1851-1919)." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 69, no. 6 (December 1, 2000): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.69.6.786.

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Tang Kristensen, Jens. "* På fremmed grund – om degenerationsteorier i dansk kunst og kultur 1880-1945." Peripeti 15, no. 29/30 (October 1, 2018): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/peri.v15i29/30.109625.

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With particular focus on prominent Danish medical doctors and psychologists like Frederik Lange (1842-1907), Knud Pontoppidan (1853-1916), Eilert Adam Tscherning (1851-1919) and Carl Jul. Salomonsen (1847-1924) and their definitions of concepts like otherness, dysmorphism and degeneration, this article illustrates how they all had a strong political impact on the avant-garde movements in pre-war Denmark.
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CHERMAN, MARIANA ALEJANDRA, DANIEL SILVA BASÍLIO, KLEBER MAKOTO MISE, JOHANNES FRISCH, and LÚCIA MASSUTTI DE ALMEIDA. "Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Diplotaxini) from the Chacoan Province and its boundaries: taxonomic overview with four new species." Zootaxa 4938, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 1–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4938.1.1.

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A taxonomic revision of the Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Diplotaxini) from the Chacoan Biogeographical Province is presented. Liogenys now includes 92 species, including four new species described here: L. neoforcipata Cherman, new species; L. foveata Cherman, new species; L. isotarsis Cherman, new species; and L. truncata Cherman, new species; and the female of L. tarsalis Moser is described for the first time. Six new synonymies are proposed: L. denticulata Moser, 1918 is a new synonym of L. denticeps Blanchard, 1851; L. ophtalmica Frey, 1973 is a new synonym of L. bidenticeps Moser, 1919; L. mendozana incisa Frey, 1969 is a new synonym of L. mendozana Moser, 1918; L. flavicollis Blanchard, 1851 and L. fulvescens Blanchard, 1851 are new synonyms of L. pallens Blanchard, 1851; and L. densicollis Moser, 1921 is a new synonym of L. opacicollis Fairmaire, 1892. Liogenys cribricollis Moser, 1921 species status is revalidated from its synonymy with L. densicollis. A neotype is designated for Liogenys mendozana incisa Frey, 1969, as well as lectotypes for: L. bruchi Moser, 1924; L. cribricollis, L. denticulata, L. denticeps, L. fulvescens, L. latitarsis Moser, 1918; L. mendozana Moser, 1918; L. obscura Blanchard, 1851; L. opacicollis; and L. pallens. Redescriptions and/or diagnoses and updated geographical distributions are provided for 16 species. Six species previously known only from Argentina have their distribution expanded to Bolivia (L. mendozana; L. opacicollis; L. rectangula Frey, 1969), Paraguay (L. nigrofusca Moser, 1918; L. pallens), or to both of these countries (L. latitarsis).
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Nihei, Silvio Shigueo, and Rodrigo De Vilhena Perez Dios. "Nomenclatural acts for some Neotropical Tachinidae (Diptera)." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo) 56, no. 16 (November 18, 2016): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2016.56.16.

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New replacement names and synonymies are proposed for Neotropical Tachinidae, mainly from Brazil. The following 13 new replacement names are proposed for junior secondary homonyms: Jurinella neobesa, new name for Jurinella obesa (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Wiedemann, 1830); Archytas wulpianus, new name for Archytas nigrocalyptratus (Wulp, 1888) (preocc. Macquart, 1846); Calodexia neofumosa, new name for Calodexia fumosa (Townsend, 1917) (preocc. Townsend, 1912); Calodexia bigoti, new name for Calodexia flavipes (Bigot, 1889) (preocc. Schiner, 1868); Eucelatoria paracarinata, new name for Eucelatoria carinata (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Eucelatoria currani, new name for Eucelatoria carinata (Curran, 1926) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Lixophaga opsiangusta, new name for Lixophaga angusta (Townsend, 1927:294) (preocc. Townsend, 1927:284); Lixophaga thompsoniana, new name for Lixophaga fumipennis (Thompson, 1968) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Lixophaga townsendiana, new name for Lixophaga fumipennis (Townsend, 1928) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Myiopharus argentata, new name for Myiopharus argentescens (Townsend, 1935) (preocc. Townsend, 1927); Phyllophilopsis disgracilis, new name for Phyllophilopsis gracilis (Townsend, 1927) (preocc. Townsend, 1919); Phasia townsendiana, new name for Phasia brasiliana (Townsend, 1937) (preocc. Townsend, 1929); and Phasia aurodysderci, new name for Phasia dysderci (Townsend, 1940) (preocc. Townsend, 1938). And the two following synonymies are proposed (reinstated): Jurinella ambigua (Macquart, 1851) = Jurinella obesa (Wiedemann, 1830); and Archytas analis (Macquart, 1843) = Archytas analis (Fabricius, 1905).
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Kagouridi, Kassiani. "Vienna-Paris-Corfu: Japonisme and Gregorios Manos (1851–1928)." Journal of Japonisme 5, no. 2 (September 7, 2020): 152–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24054992-00052p02.

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Abstract The present study defines the connection between Japonisme and the Greek diplomat and donor-collector Gregorios Manos (1851–1928). Manos collected Japanese pieces during the reign of Japonisme in Europe, was a pioneer of the study of Japanese art in Greece, and the first donor of Chinese and Japanese artifacts to the Greek State in 1919. The donation resulted in the foundation, in 1926, of the Sino-Japanese Museum (renamed in Museum of Asian Art in 1973) in Corfu. The present research is based on primary and secondary sources and seeks to present unpublished data as well as re-examine Manos’ connection to Japonisme. In addition, this micro-perspective research aims to reveal Manos’ studies, diplomatic carrier, collecting practices, and donating vision. At the same time, it hopes to enrich macro-perspective study by outlining the circumstances under which collectors founded museums of Asian art in peripheral places, such as Greece, during the first half of the twentieth century under and beyond the allure of Japonisme.
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Baker, M. R. "Revision of Hedruris Nitzsch (Nematoda: Habronematoidea) from aquatic vertebrates of North America." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 1567–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-234.

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The five currently recognized Hedruris spp. from North America were compared based on museum and other specimens. Only the following two species were shown to be valid: H. pendula (Leidy, 1851) Chandler, 1919 and H. siredonis Baird, 1858. Hedruris tiara Van Cleave &Mueller, 1932 is shown to be synonymous with H. pendula, whereas H. brevis Walton, 1930 and H. chandleri Freitas &Lent, 1941 are synonymous with H. siredonis. Hedruris pendula is apparently mainly parasitic in freshwater turtles of eastern North America, although it may infrequently occur in fish and frogs. Hedruris siredonis has been reported only in salamanders (Ambystomatidae, Salamandridae, Plethodontidae), apparently throughout North America. This species varies considerably in the size of mature adult worms.
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Ramírez Jerez, Pablo. "D. José María Salvador y Barrera, obispo, senador y académico." Isidorianum 23, no. 46 (October 31, 2014): 437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46543/isid.1423.1057.

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El presente artículo traza la semblanza intelectual y profesional del religioso José Mª Salvador y Barrera (1851-1919), natural de Marchena, que llegó a ser Rector del Colegio del Sacro Monte de Granada, Obispo de Tarazona, Obispo de Madrid-Alcalá, Arzobispo de Valencia y Senador, y que dedicó todos sus esfuerzos a defender la enseñanza religiosa y la acción social de la Iglesia desde los altos puestos que ocupó. Fue además un excelente orador y persona de gran cultura, siendo reconocida su labor por las Reales Academias de la Historia y de Ciencias Morales y Políticas, que le eligieron como académico de número. El obispo Salvador fue realmente uno de los prelados más competentes y aperturistas de los dos primeros decenios del siglo XX.
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Huhnholz, Sebastian. "Der permanente Fiskalvertrag. Die steuerdemokratische Effizienz kollektiver Güter bei Knut Wicksell und James M. Buchanan." ZPTh – Zeitschrift für Politische Theorie 12, no. 1 (December 13, 2021): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zpth.v12i1.04.

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Die konstitutionenökonomische Vertragstheorie James M. Buchanans (1919–2013) gilt als einflussreiche Ideologie neoliberaler Austeritätsregime. In Abgrenzung von der expansiven Wohlfahrtsökonomik der zweiten letzten Jahrhunderthälfte begründete Buchanans staatsbildender, -ermächtigender und -begrenzender Kontraktualismus allerdings auch eine steuerstaatsorientierte Demokratietheorie öffentlicher Güter. Mit Rückgriff auf das progressive Werk Knut Wicksells (1851–1926) empfahl Buchanan ein Wohlfahrtskriterium, das aus politischer Einstimmigkeit und subjektivistischem Effizienzkalkül ein Nutzleistungsoptimum für die Bereitstellung von Kollektivgütern konstruierte. Damit sollte eine majoritäre oder autoritäre Überwälzung laufender Demokratiekosten auf Minderheiten, Unbeteiligte oder ungedeckte Quellen konstitutionell behindert sowie budgetäre Transparenz, fiskalische Souveränität und steuerbürgerliche Belastungsfairness prozedural gewährleistet werden. Sowohl die vertragstheoretische Rezeption wie auch die politische Ideologiekritik haben diesen von Wicksell übernommenen steuerstaatlichen Demokratisierungsimpuls von Buchanans Werk weithin vernachlässigt – dabei ist die Frage, ob demokratische Institutionen auf eine fiskalische Selbstverpflichtung aller freiwillig verfassungsunterworfenen Individuen existentiell angewiesen sind, heute wieder sehr aktuell.
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PODENAS, SIGITAS, HONG YUL SEO, TAEWOO KIM, JUN MI HUR, A. YOUNG KIM, TERRY A. KLEIN, HEUNG CHUL KIM, TAE HWA KANG, and RASA AUKŠTIKALNIENĖ. "Dicranomyia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) of Korea." Zootaxa 4595, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4595.1.1.

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A total of 38 Korean species of crane flies belonging to the genus Dicranomyia Stephens, 1829 (Diptera: Limoniidae: Limoniinae) are taxonomically revised. No species of Dicranomyia were previously reported from South Korea, and only twelve species were reported from North Korea. New records of Dicranomyia from the Korean Peninsula include: D. (Dicranomyia) depauperata Alexander, 1918, D. (D.) distendens pallida Savchenko, 1983, D. (D.) handlirschi handlirschi Lackschewitz, 1928, D. (D.) hyalinata (Zetterstedt, 1851), D. (D.) kandybinae Savchenko, 1987, D. (D.) longipennis (Schummel, 1829), D. (D.) mesosternatoides Alexander, 1924, D. (D.) modesta (Meigen, 1818), D. (D.) pammelas Alexander, 1925, D. (D.) poli (Alexander, 1941), D. (D.) sera (Walker, 1848), D. (D.) shinanoensis (Alexander, 1933), D. (D.) takeuchii Alexander, 1922, D. (D.) unispinosa Alexander, 1921, D. (Erostrata) globithorax Osten Sacken, 1869, D. (E.) globulithorax Alexander, 1924, D. (E.) yazuensis Kato et al., 2018, D. (Glochina) basifusca Alexander, 1919, D. (Melanolimonia) paramorio platysoma (Alexander, 1933), D. (Numantia) fusca (Meigen, 1804), D. (Sivalimnobia) euphileta (Alexander, 1924). Species D. (D.) byuni Podenas, sp. nov., D. (D.) cornuta Podenas, sp. nov., D. (D.) jirisana Podenas, sp. nov., D. (D.) petrasiuni Podenas, sp. nov., and D. (D.) yankovskyi Podenas, sp. nov. are described. An additional ten new records are reported from North Korea, bringing the total number of Dicranomyia species known from North Korea to 22 species. South Korea has a greater diversity of Dicranomyia with total number of 30 species. D. (D.) amurensis Alexander, 1925 is synonymised with D. (D.) hyalinata (Zetterstedt, 1851). An illustrated key with redescriptions and photographs of all species and both sexes of adults collected in Korea are presented. Most females are illustrated or described for the first time. Elevation range, period of activity, habitat information, general distribution and a distribution map in Korean Peninsula is given for each species.
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Girardin, Martin-Philippe, Jacques C. Tardif, Mike D. Flannigan, and Yves Bergeron. "Synoptic-Scale Atmospheric Circulation and Boreal Canada Summer Drought Variability of the Past Three Centuries." Journal of Climate 19, no. 10 (May 15, 2006): 1922–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli3716.1.

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Abstract Five independent multicentury reconstructions of the July Canadian Drought Code and one reconstruction of the mean July–August temperature were developed using a network of 120 well-replicated tree-ring chronologies covering the area of the eastern Boreal Plains to the eastern Boreal Shield of Canada. The reconstructions were performed using 54 time-varying reconstruction submodels that explained up to 50% of the regional drought variance during the period of 1919–84. Spatial correlation fields on the six reconstructions revealed that the meridional component of the climate system from central to eastern Canada increased since the mid–nineteenth century. The most obvious change was observed in the decadal scale of variability. Using 500-hPa geopotential height and wind composites, this zonal to meridional transition was interpreted as a response to an amplification of long waves flowing over the eastern North Pacific into boreal Canada, from approximately 1851 to 1940. Composites with NOAA Extended Reconstructed SSTs indicated a coupling between the meridional component and tropical and North Pacific SST for a period covering at least the past 150 yr, supporting previous findings of a summertime global ocean–atmosphere–land surface coupling. This change in the global atmospheric circulation could be a key element toward understanding the observed temporal changes in the Canadian boreal forest fire regimes over the past 150 yr.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "1851-1919"

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Chardon, Véronique de. "L'apprentissage en France de 1851 à 1919." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040087.

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La dégradation des conditions traditionnelles d'apprentissage, dûe aux changements économiques, conduit en 1851 le vote d'une loi qui doit protéger les apprentis. Mais cette législation qui s'attache surtout à définir la forme du contrat d'apprentissage, est en décalage avec les réalités d'un monde du travail en mutation car elle ne prévoit aucune mesure pour garantir la formation professionnelle de l'apprenti. En l'absence d'un système public de formation, c'est à l'initiative privée qu'il revient d'organiser la formation des ouvriers. Les structures mises en place par les associations ou par les entreprises, si elles diffèrent par leurs motivations, contribuent à assurer la continuité du modèle d'apprentissage sur le lieu de travail et démontrent son adaptabilité aux nouvelles dimensions de l'industrie. Il faut attendre la fin du XIXe siècle pour que l'Etat républicain, dans la dynamique des lois de Jules Ferry, et dans un souci de régulation sociale,intervienne sur le terrain de la formation professionnelle d'abord par le biais d'enquêtes puis par voie législative en complétant la pratique de l'atelier par l'obligation de cours professionnels
Degradation of traditional apprenticeship conditions, resulting from the economical changes, leads, in 1851, to the voting of a law intending to protect the apprentices. .
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Dufetel, Nicolas. "Palingénésie, régénération et extase dans la musique religieuse de Franz Liszt." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR2002.

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Parallèlement à sa vaste production musicale, Franz Liszt (1811-1886) a laissé un certain nombre d'écrits qui permettent de mieux pénétrer sa pensée. La thèse propose d'étudier dans sa musique religieuse, composée principalement entre 1885 et 1886, deux idées qu'il a développées dans des articles au cours des années 1830 : la palingénésie (liée à la régénération) et l'extase. Interroger ces deux points revient à poser la question de la permanence et de l'application de données théoriques et esthétiques : Liszt met-il en pratique après 1855 ce qu'il écrit dans les années 1830 ? . Au seuil de la discussion de ces deux constantes, en partie fondée sur des sources rares et nouvelles, une approche méthodologique et épistémologique des lectures et des écrits de Liszt permet d'éclairer la façon dont le compositeur s'est imprégné de concepts dont on retrouve la trace dans ses œuvres. Jusqu'à présent, les études musicologiques ont presque exclusivement utilisé le terme de "réforme" pour aborder la musique religieuse de Liszt. Cependant, c'est un mot qu'il a très peu, voire jamais employé dans ce contexte. En revanche, en 1835, dans l'avant-dernier article "De la situation des artistes, et de leur condition dans la société", il évoque la "régénération de la musique religieuse". Il s'appuie notamment sur le concept de palingénésie ("renaissance") qui irrigue alors le milieu intellectuel et artistique, particulièrement par le biais des écrits de Ballanche et d'Ortigue. Ce concept, a joué un rôle fondamental dans ses positions esthétiques et dans son langage musical. Étudier la musique religieuse de Liszt sous l'angle de la "régénération" et non de la "réforme" permet donc de soulever de nouvelles perspectives et de mieux cerner le comportement historiciste de Liszt. Selon l'expression de Bülow, la "Missa solennis " de Liszt (1855) avait donné naissance à la "Zukunfts-Kirchenmusik", tournée vers l'avenir. Mais sa musique religieuse plonge également ses racines dans le chant grégorien et dans la musique de la Renaissance : la palingénésie explicite chez Liszt la dialectique entre passé et avenir. Elle explique aussi pourquoi son rapport aux traditions est, à l'inverse par exemple des cécitiens, progressiste et non conservateur. Par le réinvestissement des traditions romaines, Liszt confère à sa musique religieuse une profonde identité catholique. En 1839, Liszt écrit avec la treizième "Lettre d'un bachelier ès-musique" ("La Sainte Cécile de Raphaël") une véritable critique d'art. Il livre alors une lecture originale du tableau, dans lequel il voit une puissante allégorie : sainte Cécile représente "le symbole de la musique à son plus haut degré de puissance" et les quatre personnages qui l'entourent "résument les éléments essentiels de la musique et les effets divers qu'elle produit sur le cœur de l'homme". Mais surtout, il précise que sainte Cécile est en extase alors que les anges de la partie supérieure du tableau chantent "l'éternel "hozannah" [qui] retentit dans l'immensité". Le Hosanna se retrouve ainsi lié aux anges et à l'expression d'une extase contemplative. Contrairement à ce qu'écrivent habituellement les compositeurs, Liszt réserve aux hosannas un traitement particulier, puisqu'à l'instar du tableau de Raphaël, ils sont presque systématiquement doux et éthérés. Comme le montrent leur analyse et leur genèse, les Hosannas et les choeurs d'anges de Liszt expriment la même atmosphère contemplative et mystique que la "Sainte Cécile", rendue par des successions d'harmonies kaléidoscopiques, non fonctionnelles, que le compositeur appelait des "Liszt'sche Progression[s]" et que nous résumons par l'expression "champ transfiguratoire" En 1863, Baudelaire défiait quiconque de "diviser"Liszt. Notre but est enfin de rappeler la diversité de la carrière et de l'œuvre de celui qui ne fut pas seulement "le roi des pianistes". Son identité doit être rendue dans sa variété et, pour reprendre l'expression du poète, dans ses "méandres capricieux"
Among his huge production, Franz Liszt (1811-1886) left a considerable number of writings which allow us to understand his thought. The present dissertation aims at studying in his religious music – composed essentially between 1855 and 1886 – two ideas he developed in different articles during the 1830s: palingenesis (linked to regeneration) and ecstasy. Discussing these two issues means at first asking the question of permanence and the application of theoretical and aesthetical ideas: did Liszt put into practice after 1855 what he wrote in the 1830s? On the threshold of the discussion of these two subjects, partly based on rare and new sources, a methodological and epistemological approach of Liszt’s readings and writings helps us to understand the way the composer was absorbed by the concepts which we can follow through his works. To the present, studies of Liszt’s religious music almost exclusively used the word “reform” and its direct translations. Yet, it is a word the composer seldom used, if ever, in this context. However, in 1835, in the penultimate article of De la situation des artistes, et de leur condition dans la société, he mentioned the « régénération » of religious music. He thus shows himself influenced by the concept of palingenesis, which Liszt primarily accessed through the writings by Ballanche and d’Ortigue, overran intellectual and artistic concerns. This concept, which can be traced throughout his career, played an essential role in his aesthetic views and his musical language. Thus, studying Liszt’s religious music from the “regeneration” point of view as opposed to that of “reform” widens our perspectives on his historicist profile. According to Bülow, Liszt’s Missa solennis (1855) gave birth to the forward-looking “Zukunfts-Kirchenmusik.” However, Liszt’s religious music was firmly rooted in the past – both in the Gregorian Chant repertoire and the music of the Renaissance. With Liszt’s music, it is this very palingenesis that explains why his compositional conception is not conservative but progressive and well explains his opposition to the Cecilian movement. By reinvesting in Roman traditions, Liszt imbues his religious music with a deep catholic identity. In 1839, with the thirteenth “Lettre d’un bachelier ès-musique”, Liszt wrote substantive art criticism. Notably, he fashioned an original reading of Raphael’s powerfully allegorical Saint Cecilia: here the subject represents “a symbol of music at the height of its power” and the four characters surrounding her – (left to right) Saints Paul, John, Augustine and Mary Magdalene – not only embody music’s elements, but also the various effects on human’s soul. Moreover, Liszt pointed out that St Cecilia stands in ecstasy while the angels above her sing “their eternal hosanna”. The hosanna is therefore linked with angels and with expression of contemplative rapture. It is not surprising then that Liszt composed his hosannas in a singular manner, since, as in Raphael’s depiction, they are invariably mild and ethereal. As both studies of the works’ genesis and insightful analyses show, Liszt’s hosannas and angels’ choruses express the same contemplative and mystical atmosphere as Raphael’s Saint Cecilia – an atmosphere created by a succession of kaleidoscopic, non-functional harmonies which the composer himself labelled as “Liszt’sche progression”. In 1863, Baudelaire prophetically challenged anyone to “separate” and “divide” Liszt’s artistic profile. Thus we have to be mindful of Liszt’s versatility, and we cannot consider him only as “le roi des pianistes”, but as a creator characterized, again in Baudelaire’s words, by its “méandres capricieux”
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Rossi, Alessandra. "Les relations italo-françaises et le problème de la délimitation de la frontière orientale italienne de 1918 à 1924." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0011.

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De 1918 à 1924 l'Italie fut pour la France de l'époque un allié moins négligeable qu'il est généralement acquis. De 1918 à 1924, et même au début de la Première Guerre Mondiale, le Quai d'Orsay employa tous les moyens qu'il avait à sa disposition afin de maintenir des relations cordiales avec le gouvernement de Rome. La France avait besoin d'entretenir de bonnes relations avec l'Italie, car elle ne pouvait pas se permettre de voir Rome soutenir Berlin, en particulier tout au long de sa politique visant à l'affaiblissement de son ennemi héréditaire. Pour la France, ne pouvant compter ni sur la Russie bolchévique ni sur l'Angleterre qui ne souhaitait pas l'écrasement de l'Allemagne ni sur les Etats-Unis lesquels ne ratifièrent pas le Traité de Versailles et se retranchèrent dans leur politique de "non entanglement", l'amitiè de l'Italie fut pendant ces années-là capitale. Le Quai d'Orsay essaya d'exploiter à cette fin le problème de la rectification de la frontière nord-orientale italienne qui était la préoccupation principale de l'Etat italien depuis son unité. Camille Barrère, ambassadeur français à Rome de 1898 à 1924, oeuvra incessamment au maintien des bonnes relations entre le France et l'Italie. Barrère qui jouissait d'un pouvoir inimaginable aujourd'hui pour un ambassadeur, influença largement la politique du Quai d'Orsay vis-à-vis de l'Italie. En mai 1924, la victoire en France du Cartel des Gauches alors qu'en Italie Mussolini consolidait son pouvoir, mit fin au "règne" de Barrère sur les questions italiennes et à la politique française d'amitié avec l'Italie
From 1918 to 1924, Italy was for France a more important allied that it is usually considered. During this period and even at the beginning of the First World War, the French Foreign Office, " le Quay d'Orsay ", tried to maintain good relationship with Italy at any cost. France needed to maintain good relationships with Italy because it could not let Roma support Berlin, especially while it was trying to weaken Germany. France could not expect help from the Bolshevik Russia, neither from England that did not want Germany to be squashed and from the United States of America that had not signed the Versailles treaty. The Italian friendship was during these years very important for France. To reach his goal, the " Quai d'Orsay " used the Italian north-eastern border definition problem that was at this time the main Italian concern since unification. Camille Barrère, French Ambassador in Roma from 1898 to 1924, always worked to maintain good relationships between France and Italy. Barrère who was in possession of an incredible power compared to current Ambassadors, influenced strongly French Foreign Office Policy toward Italy. In May 1924, the left parties victory of the " Cartel des gauches " in France and Mussolini's power strengthening ended Barrère's reign and the French friendship policy toward Italy
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Limentani, Roberto. "L'absent qui fut : figures du sujet dans l'anthropologie anglaise (1851-1936)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0693.

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Dans cette Thèse il est question de l’objectivation de la subjectivité primitive au sein de l’anthropologie de tradition anglaise depuis le début de l’évolutionnisme dans les années 1850 jusqu’à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L’examen est mené suivant deux interrogations clairement distinctes, quoique entremêlées. D’un côté est étudiée la charpente intellectuelle fondant la représentation de la subjectivité ; d’un autre est interrogée la conception de la subjectivité résultante de l’objectivation. De ce second point de vue, nous décrivons comment la construction de la différence du primitif, du sauvage, de l’indigène a changé au fil des générations en essayant d’en expliciter à chaque fois la nature diacritique au sein de l’évolutionnisme et du fonctionnalisme. En même temps, de retracer ce segment de l’histoire de l’anthropologie anglaise permet de voir se profiler une transition fondamentale quant à l’idée du sujet qui intéressait les anthropologues anglais. Là où l’anthropologie anglaise a penché vers la pragmatique et l’étude des interactions, la subjectivité est une place allouée à l’intérieur des dispositifs mis en place au sein d’une tradition. L’ethnographe décrit les dispositifs et la représentation du sujet qu’ils impliquent, l’histoire se joue dans le rapport du sujet réel avec le dispositif qui est appareillé en pensant à lui
This dissertation mainly addresses the objectification in subjectivity in the history of British anthropology from the beginning of the Evolutionism in the 1850s to the second world war. The exegesis follows two interwoven paths. On the one hand, it studies the intellectual framework that founded the representation of subjectivity in four important authors belonging to this tradition (Pitt Rivers, Tylor, Frazer and Malinowski). On the other hand, it focuses on the representation of subjectivity itself, correlated to these frameworks. In this respect, the comparative analysis enables us to both describe how the difference of the primitive, the savage, the indigenous changes from one generation to the other and elucidate the diacritic nature of these representations within Evolutionism and Functionalism. Following the metamorphosis of British anthropology, a fundamental transition is then underlined, concerning the conception of the targeted subject. One ethnography leans towards pragmatics and the study of interactions, subjectivity becomes an allocated space within an apparatus built within a tradition. Whereas ethnography describes the apparatus and the representation of the subject it implies, history is at stake in the relationship that connect the real subject and the apparatus
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Martínez-Patón, Víctor. "Análisis histórico de la responsabilidad penal corporativa." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100063/document.

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La thèse présente un historique complet sur la responsabilité pénale des personnes morales depuis les récits de la Genèse jusqu’aux sentences de la Cour Suprême espagnole prononcées en 2016. Cette histoire n’est pas simplement une description des différents auteurs ou des différents moments historiques, mais c’est plutôt une reconstruction critique construite principalement pour identifier et pour démêler la doctrine qui trouve dans l’expression latine societas delinquere non potest l’argument le plus important pour nier la possibilité d’attribuer la responsabilité pénale aux groupements. Une fois établis les concepts et les idées selon le système philosophique appelé « matérialisme philosophique », dont l’auteur est l’espagnol Gustavo Bueno, une étude de la sentence latine, d’origine inconnue jusqu'à présent, est présentée ; c’est donc pour la première fois que nous identifions et expliquons cette origine: elle a été inventée par Franz von Liszt en 1881. Après cela une reconstruction complète de l’histoire de l’idée est réalisée et l’on découvre deux nouveautés fondamentales : que la Révolution française n’a jamais prétendu refuser la responsabilité pénale des groupements et que la Cour Suprême espagnole avait prononcé des sentences condamnatoires aux groupements au XIXe siècle. Sur la base de ces faits, on situe à la fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale le moment dans lequel la sentence latine prend le sens d’impossibilité ontologique des groupements quant à commettre un crime et qui se base sur une idée politique et non juridique : la décision des puissances victorieuses du fait que l’Allemagne n’avait pas été coupable, mais seulement certains hiérarques et groupements Nazis
This thesis provides a comprehensive history of corporate criminal liability, from the Book of Genesis up to the rulings handed down by the Spanish Supreme Court in 2016. However, this history is not limited to a mere descriptive survey of authors or historical periods: instead, it constitutes a powerful critique of a doctrinal tradition which purports to find in the Latin maxim societas delinquere non potest the best argument to deny that corporations can be held criminally liable. Once that the concepts and ideas which lie at the basis of this thesis are established following the philosophical system known as “philosophical materialism”, founded by Spanish philosopher Gustavo Bueno, I present an inquiry on the heretofore unknown origins of the Latin maxim which I have been able to trace back to 1881, when its originator, Franz von Liszt coined it. After it I undertake a comprehensive reconstruction of the history of this idea, from which two major findings emerge: firstly, that the French revolutionaries never intended to reject corporate criminal responsibility and secondly, that the Spanish Supreme Court issued convictions against societies in the 19th century. On the basis of these facts, the end of World War II emerges as the key turning point in History when the Latin maxim acquired the status of a philosophical principle denying the ontological possibility of a society to be criminally responsible. A principle whose roots are not to be found in legal doctrine but in a political idea: the decision by the Allied powers that it was not Germany that was to be held responsible for war crimes, but rather only those Nazi Party organizations and hierarchy directly involved
La tesis presenta un estudio histórico completo sobre la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas, desde el libro del Génesis hasta las sentencias del Tribunal Supremo de 2016. Este estudio no se plantea únicamente como una mera descripción de diferentes autores o momentos históricos, sino como una reconstrucción crítica construida principalmente para identificar y destruir la doctrina que encuentra en la expresión latina societas delinquere non potest el argumento más importante para negar la responsabilidad penal corporativa. Una vez establecidos los conceptos y las ideas según el sistema filosófico llamado "materialismo filosófico", cuyo autor es el filósofo español Gustavo Bueno, se presenta un estudio de la frase latina, de origen desconocido hasta ahora. Por primera vez se identifica y se explica este origen: fue inventada por Franz von Liszt en 1881. Tras ello se presenta una reconstrucción completa de la historia de la idea en la que se descubren diversas novedades historiográficas, entre las que destacan el hecho de que la Revolución Francesa nunca pretendiera rechazar la responsabilidad penal corporativa y que el Tribunal Supremo español hubiera pronunciado sentencias condenatorias a empresas en el siglo XIX. Sobre la base de estos hechos, situamos al final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial el momento en el que la sentencia latina toma el sentido de imposibilidad ontológica de las corporaciones de cometer delitos y que según entendemos se basa en una idea política y no jurídica: la decisión de las potencias vencedoras de que Alemania no había sido culpable, sino solamente algunos jerarcas y corporaciones nazis
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GAZI, Effi. "Spyridon Lambros (1851-1919) : scientific history in national perspective in nineteenth-century Greece." Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5767.

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Defence date: 24 February 1997
Examining board: Prof. George B. Dertilis, University of Athens ; Prof. Miroslav Hroch, EUI ; Prof. Michael Müller, University of Halle, ex-EUI (supervisor) ; Prof. Luisa Passerini, EUI ; Prof. Stuart Woolf, University of Essex
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Hancock, Ben E. "The role of philanthropy in the dvelopment of British universities during the Victorian period (1851-1919) /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3118388.

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Books on the topic "1851-1919"

1

Pavlovna, Matvievskai͡a︡ Galina, ed. Ivan I͡A︡kovlevich Akinfiev, 1851-1919. Moskva: "Nauka", 1996.

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Lilii︠a︡, Onyshchenko, ed. Spadshchyna velykoho budivnychoho: Profesor Lʹvivsʹkoï politekhniky Ivan Levynsʹkyĭ (1851-1919). Lʹviv: Vyd-vo Nat︠s︡ionalʹnoho universytetu "Lʹvivsʹka politekhnika", 2009.

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Kläy, Hans R. Franz Burckhardt, 1809-1882, August Burckhardt, 1851-1919: Ckdt, Maschinenbauer aus Basel. Meilen: Verein für Wirtschaftshistorische Studien, 1994.

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Scott, Janet Weir. Brink-Crary: The ancestry of Joshua Franklin Brink (1845-1929) and his wife, Anna Mary Crary (1851-1919) of Columbia County, Pennsylvania and Mesa County, Colorado. Maryville, Mo: J.W. Scott, 1987.

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Foch in command: The forging of a wartime general, 1914-1919. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Modern Architecture 1851-1919. Rizzoli, 1987.

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Anglesey, Lord. History of the British Cavalry 1816-1919 : Volume 2: 1851-1871. Pen & Sword Books Limited, 1993.

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Anglesey, Lord. History of the British Cavalry 1816-1919 : Volume 2: 1851-1871. Pen & Sword Books Limited, 1993.

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Anglesey, Lord. History of the British Cavalry 1816-1919 : Volume 2: 1851-1871. Pen & Sword Books Limited, 1993.

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Colgan, John. Nathaniel Colgan, 1851-1919: The Life, Times and Genealogy of an Enigmatic Dubliner. Four Courts Press, 2022.

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Book chapters on the topic "1851-1919"

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Vormbaum, Thomas. "Franz von Liszt (1851–1919)." In Moderne deutsche Strafrechtsdenker, 211–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17200-7_16.

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Stuchtey, Benedikt. "6. Gold in Australien und Massaker in Amritsar, 1851–1919." In Geschichte des Britischen Empire, 74–97. Verlag C.H.BECK oHG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/9783406767012-74.

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Joseph, Suad. "Arab America Gender Representations in the New York Times, 1851–1919." In Arab American Women, 329–64. Syracuse University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16x2bqm.19.

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Conde, Francisco Muñoz. "Franz von Liszt (1851–1919) Franz von Liszt als Strafrechtsdogmatiker und Kriminalpolitiker." In Festschrift 200 Jahre Juristische Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, edited by Stefan Grundmann, Michael Kloepfer, Christoph G. Paulus, Rainer Schröder, and Gerhard Werle. Berlin, New York: De Gruyter, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783899496307.439.

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Csepely-Knorr, Luca. "Mawson, Thomas Hayton (1861–1933)." In Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism. London: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781135000356-rem2060-1.

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The self-trained English landscape architect and town planner Thomas Hayton Mawson became one of the most successful designers of the first decades of the twentieth century. He started his career as a nurseryman, founding the family business Mawson Brothers’ Lakeland Nurseries in Windemere in 1884. A few years later he separated the design part of the business and began to run his own consultancy. His office, Thomas H. Mawson and Sons, quickly became successful and included influential and powerful clients like Andrew Carnegie (1835–1919) and William Hesketh Lever (1851–1925). They even designed gardens for royals like Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925) and King Constantine of Greece (1868–1923).
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Obladen, Michael. "Feeding the feeble." In Oxford Textbook of the Newborn, edited by Michael Obladen, 265–72. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198854807.003.0038.

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This chapter describes historic steps in feeding techniques and knowledge about the nutritional needs of premature infants. Devices to overcome weak sucking and swallowing were developed from 1851 to 1920: tube feeding by gavage, medicine droppers and pipettes, feeding bottles with air inlet, and beaked spoons for nasal feeding. Indwelling nasogastric tubes were in use from 1951. For alleged safety concerns, postnatal feeding was postponed until a week of starvation was reached in the 1950s and studies showed an association with neurological handicaps. The premature infant’s elevated need for energy, protein, and minerals has been known since 1919. However, nutritional practice lagged behind theoretical knowledge. Concentrated formula was developed in the 1940s, parenteral supplementation in the 1960s, and human milk fortifiers in the 1970s. In the 1990s, necrotizing enterocolitis was found to be more frequent in infants fed formula than in those fed human milk. Recently, probiotics were shown to reduce the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis. Compared to other aspects of neonatal medicine, there is little evidence on how to feed preterm infants.
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Goldberg, Bettina. "The German-English Academy, the National German-American Teachers' Seminary, and the Public School System in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 1851-1919." In German Influences on Education in the United States to 1917, 177–92. Cambridge University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139052481.014.

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